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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Health_and_fitness" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Health</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#History_and_events" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Mathematics_and_logic" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Mathematics</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Natural_and_physical_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Nature</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#People_and_self" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">People</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Philosophy_and_thinking" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Philosophy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Religion_and_belief_systems" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Religion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Society_and_social_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Society</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Technology_and_applied_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Technology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></dd></dl> </div> <div class="portal-maintenance-status" style="display:none;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg/30px-Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg/45px-Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg/60px-Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268"></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><span style="font-size:108%;"><b>Portal maintenance status:</b></span> <small>(June 2018)</small> <ul><li>This portal's <a href="/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/Portal:Volcanoes/" title="Special:PrefixIndex/Portal:Volcanoes/">subpages</a> <b>have been checked</b> by an editor, and are needed.</li></ul> <span style="font-size:90%;">Please 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Learn how to <a href="/wiki/Template:Portal_maintenance_status#How_to_update_the_maintenance_information_for_a_portal" title="Template:Portal maintenance status">update the maintenance information here</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r888483065">.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left{float:left;width:50%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right{float:right;width:49%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left-wide{float:left;width:60%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right-narrow{float:right;width:39%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left-extra-wide{float:left;width:70%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right-extra-narrow{float:right;width:29%}@media only screen and (max-width:800px){.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left-wide,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right-narrow,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left-extra-wide,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right-extra-narrow{float:inherit;width:inherit}}</style><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia portal for content related to Volcanoes</div> <div style="padding:10px; background:#F6DA9F; border:2px solid black;"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:orange;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:black;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:orange;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="The_Volcanoes_portal" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:orange;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><big>The Volcanoes portal</big></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFFFF0;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Augustine_volcano_Jan_24_2006_-_Cyrus_Read.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Augustine_volcano_Jan_24_2006_-_Cyrus_Read.jpg/300px-Augustine_volcano_Jan_24_2006_-_Cyrus_Read.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Augustine_volcano_Jan_24_2006_-_Cyrus_Read.jpg/450px-Augustine_volcano_Jan_24_2006_-_Cyrus_Read.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Augustine_volcano_Jan_24_2006_-_Cyrus_Read.jpg/600px-Augustine_volcano_Jan_24_2006_-_Cyrus_Read.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Volcano" title="Augustine Volcano">Augustine Volcano</a> (Alaska) during its eruptive phase on January 24, 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b><a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcano</a></b> is a rupture in the <a href="/wiki/Crust_(geology)" title="Crust (geology)">crust</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Planetary-mass_object" title="Planetary-mass object">planetary-mass object</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>, that allows hot <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">volcanic ash</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_gas" title="Volcanic gas">gases</a> to escape from a <a href="/wiki/Magma_chamber" title="Magma chamber">magma chamber</a> below the surface. The process that forms volcanoes is called <a href="/wiki/Volcanism" title="Volcanism">volcanism</a>. </p><p>On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where <a href="/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates" title="List of tectonic plates">tectonic plates</a> are <a href="/wiki/Divergent_boundary" title="Divergent boundary">diverging</a> or <a href="/wiki/Convergent_boundary" title="Convergent boundary">converging</a>, and because most of Earth's plate boundaries are underwater, most volcanoes are found underwater. For example, a <a href="/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge" title="Mid-ocean ridge">mid-ocean ridge</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Ridge" title="Mid-Atlantic Ridge">Mid-Atlantic Ridge</a>, has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates whereas the Pacific <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a> has volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the crust's plates, such as in the <a href="/wiki/East_African_Rift" title="East African Rift">East African Rift</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wells_Gray-Clearwater_volcanic_field" title="Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field">Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_rift" title="Rio Grande rift">Rio Grande rift</a> in North America. Volcanism away from plate boundaries has been postulated to arise from upwelling <a href="/wiki/Diapir" title="Diapir">diapirs</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Core%E2%80%93mantle_boundary" title="Core–mantle boundary">core–mantle boundary</a>, 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) deep within Earth. This results in <a href="/wiki/Hotspot_(geology)" title="Hotspot (geology)">hotspot volcanism</a>, of which the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_hotspot" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaiian hotspot">Hawaiian hotspot</a> is an example. Volcanoes are usually not created where two tectonic plates slide past one another. </p><p>Large eruptions can affect atmospheric temperature as ash and droplets of <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a> obscure the Sun and cool Earth's <a href="/wiki/Troposphere" title="Troposphere">troposphere</a>. Historically, large volcanic eruptions have been followed by <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_winter" title="Volcanic winter">volcanic winters</a> which have caused catastrophic famines. </p><p>Other planets besides Earth have volcanoes. For example, volcanoes are very numerous on Venus. Mars has significant volcanoes. In 2009, a paper was published suggesting a new definition for the word 'volcano' that includes processes such as <a href="/wiki/Cryovolcanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryovolcanism">cryovolcanism</a>. It suggested that a volcano be defined as 'an opening on a planet or moon's surface from which <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">magma</a>, as defined for that body, and/or magmatic gas is erupted.' </p><p>This article mainly covers volcanoes on Earth. See <a href="/wiki/Volcano#Volcanoes_on_other_celestial_bodies" title="Volcano">§ Volcanoes on other celestial bodies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cryovolcano" title="Cryovolcano">cryovolcano</a> for more information. (<b><a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">Read more...</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div style="text-align:center; margin:0.25em auto 0.75em"><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Volcanoes&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><b>Refresh with new selections below (purge)</b></span></a></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996214246">.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{clear:both;width:100%;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{float:left;width:50%;min-width:360px;padding:0 0.5em;box-sizing:border-box;flex:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column}@media screen and (max-width:393px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{min-width:0}}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column:first-child{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column:last-child{padding-right:0}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{padding:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column>div{flex:1 0 auto}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column>div.flex-columns-noflex{flex:0}</style><div class="flex-columns-container"><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:orange;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:black;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:orange;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Selected_article_-_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:orange;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected article - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Volcanoes&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFFFF0;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1971-CANNIKIN-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1971-CANNIKIN-2.jpg/220px-1971-CANNIKIN-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1971-CANNIKIN-2.jpg/330px-1971-CANNIKIN-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1971-CANNIKIN-2.jpg/440px-1971-CANNIKIN-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2066" data-file-height="2985"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Cannikin" title="Cannikin">Cannikin</a> warhead being lowered into test shaft</div></div></div></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Amchitka" title="Amchitka">Amchitka</a></b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Aleut_language" title="Aleut language">Aleut</a>: <i lang="ale">Amchixtax̂</i>;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (November 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>) is a volcanic, <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">tectonically</a> unstable and uninhabited island in the <a href="/wiki/Rat_Islands" title="Rat Islands">Rat Islands</a> group of the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands" title="Aleutian Islands">Aleutian Islands</a> in southwest <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>. It is part of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Maritime_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge">Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge</a>. The island, with a land area of roughly 116 square miles (300 km<sup>2</sup>), is about 42 miles (68 km) long and 1 to 4 miles (1.6 to 6.4 km) wide. The area has a <a href="/wiki/Maritime_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime climate">maritime climate</a>, with many storms, and mostly overcast skies. </p><p>Amchitka was populated for more than 2,500 years by the <a href="/wiki/Aleut_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut people">Aleut people</a>, but has had no permanent population since 1832. The island has been part of the United States since the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Purchase" title="Alaska Purchase">Alaska Purchase</a> of 1867. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, it was used as an airfield by US forces in the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleutian Islands Campaign">Aleutian Islands Campaign</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Amchitka" title="Amchitka">Full article...</a></b>)<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256386598">.mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#F0F2F5;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#CCFFCC;color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}</style> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of selected articles</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_eruption_of_Mount_St._Helens" title="1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens">1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Amchitka" title="Amchitka">Amchitka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Craters_of_the_Moon_National_Monument_and_Preserve" title="Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve">Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/L%C5%8D%CA%BBihi_Seamount" class="mw-redirect" title="Lōʻihi Seamount">Lōʻihi Seamount</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus" title="Enceladus">Enceladus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mauna_Loa" title="Mauna Loa">Mauna Loa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Lassen_volcanic_area" title="Geology of the Lassen volcanic area">Geology of the Lassen volcanic area</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tambora" title="Mount Tambora">Mount Tambora</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Cayley_volcanic_field" title="Mount Cayley volcanic field">Mount Cayley volcanic field</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metacomet_Ridge" title="Metacomet Ridge">Metacomet Ridge</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Volcano_(British_Columbia)" title="The Volcano (British Columbia)">The Volcano (British Columbia)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Indonesia" title="List of volcanoes in Indonesia">List of volcanoes in Indonesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Surtsey" title="Surtsey">Surtsey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cerro_Azul_(Chile_volcano)" title="Cerro Azul (Chile volcano)">Cerro Azul (Chile volcano)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nevado_del_Ruiz" title="Nevado del Ruiz">Nevado del Ruiz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mono%E2%80%93Inyo_Craters" title="Mono–Inyo Craters">Mono–Inyo Craters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_and_Lower_Table_Rock" title="Upper and Lower Table Rock">Upper and Lower Table Rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ubinas" title="Ubinas">Ubinas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1257_Samalas_eruption" title="1257 Samalas eruption">1257 Samalas eruption</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metacomet_Ridge" title="Metacomet Ridge">Metacomet Ridge</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Calabozos" title="Calabozos">Calabozos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Limalok" title="Limalok">Limalok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cerro_Azul_(Chile_volcano)" title="Cerro Azul (Chile volcano)">Cerro Azul (Chile volcano)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Armero_tragedy" title="Armero tragedy">Armero tragedy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_Nazko_earthquakes" title="2007–2008 Nazko earthquakes">2007–2008 Nazko earthquakes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pay%C3%BAn_Matr%C3%BA" title="Payún Matrú">Payún Matrú</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taapaca" title="Taapaca">Taapaca</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Resolution_Guyot" title="Resolution Guyot">Resolution Guyot</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Volcanology_of_Io" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanology of Io">Volcanology of Io</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_volcanic_eruptions" title="List of largest volcanic eruptions">List of largest volcanic eruptions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Hunga_Tonga%E2%80%93Hunga_Ha%27apai_eruption_and_tsunami" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption and tsunami">2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption and tsunami</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_Hawaiian_%E2%80%93_Emperor_seamount_chain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of volcanoes in the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain">List of volcanoes in the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:orange;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:black;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:orange;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AVolcanoes%2FDid_you_know%2F2&action=edit"><span style="color:orange">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Did_you_know" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:orange;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Did you know</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFFFF0;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="float:right; margin-left:0.5em;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RegalMtn-RegalGlacier.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regal Mountain"><img alt="Regal Mountain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/RegalMtn-RegalGlacier.jpg/100px-RegalMtn-RegalGlacier.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/RegalMtn-RegalGlacier.jpg/150px-RegalMtn-RegalGlacier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/RegalMtn-RegalGlacier.jpg/200px-RegalMtn-RegalGlacier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1505" data-file-height="1026"></a></span> </p> </div> <ul><li>...that <b><a href="/wiki/Regal_Mountain" title="Regal Mountain">Regal Mountain</a></b> (<i>pictured</i>), an eroded <a href="/wiki/Stratovolcano" title="Stratovolcano">stratovolcano</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Wrangell_Mountains" title="Wrangell Mountains">Wrangell Mountains</a>, is the third-highest <a href="/wiki/Thirteener" title="Thirteener">thirteener</a> (a peak between 13,000 and 14,000 feet in elevation) in Alaska?</li> <li>...that Canadian scientist <b><a href="/wiki/Bill_Mathews" title="Bill Mathews">Bill Mathews</a></b> was a pioneer in the study of <a href="/wiki/Subglacial_eruption" title="Subglacial eruption">subglacial eruptions</a> and volcano-ice interactions in North America?</li> <li>...that <a href="/wiki/Thermal_vent" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal vent">thermal vent</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystems</a> have been discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">caldera</a> of <b><a href="/wiki/Kolumbo_underwater_volcano" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolumbo underwater volcano">Kolumbo underwater volcano</a></b>?</li> <li>...that Hawaii's <b><a href="/wiki/Chain_of_Craters_Road" title="Chain of Craters Road">Chain of Craters Road</a></b> has been blocked repeatedly by <a href="/wiki/Lava_flows" class="mw-redirect" title="Lava flows">lava flows</a> from <a href="/wiki/K%C4%ABlauea" title="Kīlauea">Kīlauea volcano</a> since it was built in 1928?</li> <li>...that <b><a href="/wiki/Halema%CA%BBuma%CA%BBu_Crater" class="mw-redirect" title="Halemaʻumaʻu Crater">Halemaʻumaʻu Crater</a></b> in <a href="/wiki/Hawai%CA%BBi_Volcanoes_National_Park" title="Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park">Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park</a> erupted explosively on March 19, 2008 for the first time since 1924?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Bowie_Seamount" title="Bowie Seamount">Bowie Seamount</a></b> on the <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Coast" title="British Columbia Coast">British Columbia Coast</a> of Canada is one of the most biologically rich <a href="/wiki/Submarine_volcano" title="Submarine volcano">submarine volcanoes</a> on Earth and was an active volcanic island throughout the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Period" title="Last Glacial Period">Last Glacial Period</a>?</li> <li>... that the <b><a href="/wiki/Lava_River_Cave" title="Lava River Cave">Lava River Cave</a></b> in <a href="/wiki/Newberry_National_Volcanic_Monument" title="Newberry National Volcanic Monument">Newberry National Volcanic Monument</a> is the longest known uncollapsed <a href="/wiki/Lava_tube" title="Lava tube">lava tube</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, U.S.?</li> <li>... that the early <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Columbian">pre-Columbian</a> site of <b><a href="/wiki/Xochitecatl" title="Xochitecatl">Xochitecatl</a></b> in Mexico was abandoned for centuries after the <a href="/wiki/Popocat%C3%A9petl" title="Popocatépetl">Popocatépetl</a> volcano erupted around 150 AD?</li></ul> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding: 0; margin: 0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Volcanoes/Did_you_know" title="Portal:Volcanoes/Did you know">More did you know facts</a></b></div> </td> <td><div style="text-align:right;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:0px;"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Recent_additions" title="Wikipedia:Recent additions">More...</a></b> </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:orange;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:black;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:orange;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="General_images" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:orange;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">General images</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFFFF0;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="text-align: center;"><small><b>The following are images from various volcano-related articles on Wikipedia.</b></small></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1021884966">.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container>.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .randomSlideshow-sr-only{display:block;width:1px;height:1px;text-indent:-999px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{display:inline-block!important;padding:0.2em 0.3em}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{transform:scale(1.4)}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label:last-child{display:none!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{display:block;margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox li,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox p{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow:first-child{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);display:inline-block;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{order:99999;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{flex:0 0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div>div{width:inherit!important;max-width:100%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .nomobile+ul label{display:none!important}</style><div class="randomSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banks_Peninsula_from_space.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1The final eruptions in the creation of Banks Peninsula in New Zealand occurred about 9 million years ago. (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)"><img alt="Image 1The final eruptions in the creation of Banks Peninsula in New Zealand occurred about 9 million years ago. (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Banks_Peninsula_from_space.jpg/120px-Banks_Peninsula_from_space.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Banks_Peninsula_from_space.jpg/180px-Banks_Peninsula_from_space.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Banks_Peninsula_from_space.jpg/240px-Banks_Peninsula_from_space.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="279"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span>The final eruptions in the creation of <a href="/wiki/Banks_Peninsula" title="Banks Peninsula">Banks Peninsula</a> in New Zealand occurred about 9 million years ago. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_volcanism_on_Earth" title="Timeline of volcanism on Earth">Timeline of volcanism on Earth</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pyroclastic_flows_at_Mayon_Volcano.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2Pyroclastic flows at Mayon Volcano, Philippines, 1984 (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 2Pyroclastic flows at Mayon Volcano, Philippines, 1984 (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pyroclastic_flows_at_Mayon_Volcano.jpg/120px-Pyroclastic_flows_at_Mayon_Volcano.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pyroclastic_flows_at_Mayon_Volcano.jpg/180px-Pyroclastic_flows_at_Mayon_Volcano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pyroclastic_flows_at_Mayon_Volcano.jpg/240px-Pyroclastic_flows_at_Mayon_Volcano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span>Pyroclastic flows at <a href="/wiki/Mayon_Volcano" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayon Volcano">Mayon Volcano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, 1984 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympus_Mons.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title='Image 3Olympus Mons (Latin, "Mount Olympus"), located on the planet Mars, is the tallest known mountain in the Solar System. (from Volcanism)'><img alt='Image 3Olympus Mons (Latin, "Mount Olympus"), located on the planet Mars, is the tallest known mountain in the Solar System. (from Volcanism)' src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Olympus_Mons.jpeg/57px-Olympus_Mons.jpeg" decoding="async" width="57" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Olympus_Mons.jpeg/86px-Olympus_Mons.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Olympus_Mons.jpeg/114px-Olympus_Mons.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="1448"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><a href="/wiki/Olympus_Mons" title="Olympus Mons">Olympus Mons</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, "Mount Olympus"), located on the planet <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>, is the tallest known mountain in the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Volcanism" title="Volcanism">Volcanism</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TOMS_AI_Jun16_91.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4Satellite measurements of ash and aerosol emissions from Mount Pinatubo. (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)"><img alt="Image 4Satellite measurements of ash and aerosol emissions from Mount Pinatubo. (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/TOMS_AI_Jun16_91.gif/120px-TOMS_AI_Jun16_91.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/TOMS_AI_Jun16_91.gif/180px-TOMS_AI_Jun16_91.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/TOMS_AI_Jun16_91.gif/240px-TOMS_AI_Jun16_91.gif 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="590"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span>Satellite measurements of ash and <a href="/wiki/Particulate" class="mw-redirect" title="Particulate">aerosol</a> emissions from Mount Pinatubo. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_volcanism_on_Earth" title="Timeline of volcanism on Earth">Timeline of volcanism on Earth</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Volcan_de_Colima_2016-12-17.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5Colima Volcano eruption column, December 2016 (from Decade Volcanoes)"><img alt="Image 5Colima Volcano eruption column, December 2016 (from Decade Volcanoes)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Volcan_de_Colima_2016-12-17.jpg/120px-Volcan_de_Colima_2016-12-17.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Volcan_de_Colima_2016-12-17.jpg/180px-Volcan_de_Colima_2016-12-17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Volcan_de_Colima_2016-12-17.jpg/240px-Volcan_de_Colima_2016-12-17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3750" data-file-height="2500"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span><a href="/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_de_Colima" title="Volcán de Colima">Colima Volcano</a> eruption column, December 2016 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Decade_Volcanoes" title="Decade Volcanoes">Decade Volcanoes</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MESSENGER_-_BV_Microsymposium49.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6Lava-flooded craters and large expanses of smooth volcanic plains on Mercury (from List of extraterrestrial volcanoes)"><img alt="Image 6Lava-flooded craters and large expanses of smooth volcanic plains on Mercury (from List of extraterrestrial volcanoes)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/MESSENGER_-_BV_Microsymposium49.jpg/120px-MESSENGER_-_BV_Microsymposium49.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/MESSENGER_-_BV_Microsymposium49.jpg/180px-MESSENGER_-_BV_Microsymposium49.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/MESSENGER_-_BV_Microsymposium49.jpg/240px-MESSENGER_-_BV_Microsymposium49.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1980"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span>Lava-flooded craters and large expanses of smooth volcanic plains on Mercury (from <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_extraterrestrial_volcanoes" title="List of extraterrestrial volcanoes">List of extraterrestrial volcanoes</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ropy_pahoehoe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7Ropey pahoehoe lava from Kilauea, Hawaiʻi (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 7Ropey pahoehoe lava from Kilauea, Hawaiʻi (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Ropy_pahoehoe.jpg/75px-Ropy_pahoehoe.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Ropy_pahoehoe.jpg/112px-Ropy_pahoehoe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Ropy_pahoehoe.jpg/150px-Ropy_pahoehoe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="800"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span>Ropey <a href="/wiki/Pahoehoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahoehoe">pahoehoe</a> lava from <a href="/wiki/Kilauea" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilauea">Kilauea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_(island)" title="Hawaii (island)">Hawaiʻi</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotspots.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8Distribution of selected hotspots. The numbers in the figure are related to the listed hotspots on Hotspot (geology). (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)"><img alt="Image 8Distribution of selected hotspots. The numbers in the figure are related to the listed hotspots on Hotspot (geology). (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Hotspots.jpg/120px-Hotspots.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Hotspots.jpg/180px-Hotspots.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Hotspots.jpg/240px-Hotspots.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2445" data-file-height="1882"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span>Distribution of selected hotspots. The numbers in the figure are related to the listed hotspots on <a href="/wiki/Hotspot_(geology)#List_of_hotspots" title="Hotspot (geology)">Hotspot (geology)</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_volcanism_on_Earth" title="Timeline of volcanism on Earth">Timeline of volcanism on Earth</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Subglacial_Eruption-numbers.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9A diagram of a Subglacial eruption. (key: 1. Water vapor cloud 2. Crater lake 3. Ice 4. Layers of lava and ash 5. Stratum 6. Pillow lava 7. Magma conduit 8. Magma chamber 9. Dike) Click for larger version. (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 9A diagram of a Subglacial eruption. (key: 1. Water vapor cloud 2. Crater lake 3. Ice 4. Layers of lava and ash 5. Stratum 6. Pillow lava 7. Magma conduit 8. Magma chamber 9. Dike) Click for larger version. (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Subglacial_Eruption-numbers.svg/120px-Subglacial_Eruption-numbers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Subglacial_Eruption-numbers.svg/180px-Subglacial_Eruption-numbers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Subglacial_Eruption-numbers.svg/240px-Subglacial_Eruption-numbers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1100"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span>A diagram of a <a href="/wiki/Subglacial_eruption" title="Subglacial eruption">Subglacial eruption</a>. (key: 1. <a href="/wiki/Water_vapor" title="Water vapor">Water vapor cloud</a> 2. <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater_lake" title="Volcanic crater lake">Crater lake</a> 3. <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">Ice</a> 4. Layers of <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">ash</a> 5. <a href="/wiki/Stratum" title="Stratum">Stratum</a> 6. <a href="/wiki/Pillow_lava" title="Pillow lava">Pillow lava</a> 7. <a href="/wiki/Magma_conduit" class="mw-redirect" title="Magma conduit">Magma conduit</a> 8. <a href="/wiki/Magma_chamber" title="Magma chamber">Magma chamber</a> 9. <a href="/wiki/Dike_(geology)" title="Dike (geology)">Dike</a>) <a href="/wiki/File:Subglacial_Eruption-numbers.svg" title="File:Subglacial Eruption-numbers.svg">Click for larger version</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gran_Canaria_wildfire_(48590670831).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10A major eruption of Gran Canaria took place around 14 million years ago. (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)"><img alt="Image 10A major eruption of Gran Canaria took place around 14 million years ago. (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gran_Canaria_wildfire_%2848590670831%29.jpg/109px-Gran_Canaria_wildfire_%2848590670831%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gran_Canaria_wildfire_%2848590670831%29.jpg/164px-Gran_Canaria_wildfire_%2848590670831%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gran_Canaria_wildfire_%2848590670831%29.jpg/219px-Gran_Canaria_wildfire_%2848590670831%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5221" data-file-height="5721"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span>A major eruption of <a href="/wiki/Gran_Canaria" title="Gran Canaria">Gran Canaria</a> took place around 14 million years ago. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_volcanism_on_Earth" title="Timeline of volcanism on Earth">Timeline of volcanism on Earth</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strombolian_Eruption-numbers.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11Diagram of a Strombolian eruption. (key: 1. Ash plume 2. Lapilli 3. Volcanic ash rain 4. Lava fountain 5. Volcanic bomb 6. Lava flow 7. Layers of lava and ash 8. Stratum 9. Dike 10. Magma conduit 11. Magma chamber 12. Sill) Click for larger version. (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 11Diagram of a Strombolian eruption. (key: 1. Ash plume 2. Lapilli 3. Volcanic ash rain 4. Lava fountain 5. Volcanic bomb 6. Lava flow 7. Layers of lava and ash 8. Stratum 9. Dike 10. Magma conduit 11. Magma chamber 12. Sill) Click for larger version. (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Strombolian_Eruption-numbers.svg/120px-Strombolian_Eruption-numbers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Strombolian_Eruption-numbers.svg/180px-Strombolian_Eruption-numbers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Strombolian_Eruption-numbers.svg/240px-Strombolian_Eruption-numbers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1100"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span>Diagram of a <a href="/wiki/Strombolian_eruption" title="Strombolian eruption">Strombolian eruption</a>. (key: 1. <a href="/wiki/Ash_plume" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash plume">Ash plume</a> 2. <a href="/wiki/Lapilli" title="Lapilli">Lapilli</a> 3. <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">Volcanic ash</a> rain 4. <a href="/wiki/Lava_fountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Lava fountain">Lava fountain</a> 5. <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_bomb" title="Volcanic bomb">Volcanic bomb</a> 6. <a href="/wiki/Lava_flow" class="mw-redirect" title="Lava flow">Lava flow</a> 7. Layers of <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">ash</a> 8. <a href="/wiki/Stratum" title="Stratum">Stratum</a> 9. <a href="/wiki/Dike_(geology)" title="Dike (geology)">Dike</a> 10. <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">Magma conduit</a> 11. <a href="/wiki/Magma_chamber" title="Magma chamber">Magma chamber</a> 12. <a href="/wiki/Sill_(geology)" title="Sill (geology)">Sill</a>) <a href="/wiki/File:Strombolian_Eruption-numbers.svg" title="File:Strombolian Eruption-numbers.svg">Click for larger version</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mauna_Loa_atmospheric_transmission.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12MLO transmission ratio - Solar radiation reduction due to volcanic eruptions (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)"><img alt="Image 12MLO transmission ratio - Solar radiation reduction due to volcanic eruptions (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Mauna_Loa_atmospheric_transmission.png/120px-Mauna_Loa_atmospheric_transmission.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Mauna_Loa_atmospheric_transmission.png/180px-Mauna_Loa_atmospheric_transmission.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Mauna_Loa_atmospheric_transmission.png/240px-Mauna_Loa_atmospheric_transmission.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span>MLO transmission ratio - <a href="/wiki/Solar_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar radiation">Solar radiation</a> reduction due to volcanic eruptions (from <b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_volcanism_on_Earth" title="Timeline of volcanism on Earth">Timeline of volcanism on Earth</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA19059-SaturnMoon-Enceladus-OceanMethane-20150311.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13Diagrammatic representation of a plume on Enceladus (from Volcanism)"><img alt="Image 13Diagrammatic representation of a plume on Enceladus (from Volcanism)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/PIA19059-SaturnMoon-Enceladus-OceanMethane-20150311.png/120px-PIA19059-SaturnMoon-Enceladus-OceanMethane-20150311.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/PIA19059-SaturnMoon-Enceladus-OceanMethane-20150311.png/180px-PIA19059-SaturnMoon-Enceladus-OceanMethane-20150311.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/PIA19059-SaturnMoon-Enceladus-OceanMethane-20150311.png/240px-PIA19059-SaturnMoon-Enceladus-OceanMethane-20150311.png 2x" data-file-width="4820" data-file-height="3906"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span>Diagrammatic representation of a plume on Enceladus (from <b><a href="/wiki/Volcanism" title="Volcanism">Volcanism</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pelean_Eruption-numbers.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14Diagram of Peléan eruption. (key: 1. Ash plume 2. Volcanic ash rain 3. Lava dome 4. Volcanic bomb 5. Pyroclastic flow 6. Layers of lava and ash 7. Stratum 8. Magma conduit 9. Magma chamber 10. Dike) Click for larger version. (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 14Diagram of Peléan eruption. (key: 1. Ash plume 2. Volcanic ash rain 3. Lava dome 4. Volcanic bomb 5. Pyroclastic flow 6. Layers of lava and ash 7. Stratum 8. Magma conduit 9. Magma chamber 10. Dike) Click for larger version. (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pelean_Eruption-numbers.svg/120px-Pelean_Eruption-numbers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pelean_Eruption-numbers.svg/180px-Pelean_Eruption-numbers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pelean_Eruption-numbers.svg/240px-Pelean_Eruption-numbers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1100"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span>Diagram of <a href="/wiki/Pel%C3%A9an_eruption" title="Peléan eruption">Peléan eruption</a>. (key: 1. <a href="/wiki/Ash_plume" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash plume">Ash plume</a> 2. <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">Volcanic ash</a> rain 3. <a href="/wiki/Lava_dome" title="Lava dome">Lava dome</a> 4. <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_bomb" title="Volcanic bomb">Volcanic bomb</a> 5. <a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_flow" title="Pyroclastic flow">Pyroclastic flow</a> 6. Layers of <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">ash</a> 7. <a href="/wiki/Stratum" title="Stratum">Stratum</a> 8. <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">Magma conduit</a> 9. <a href="/wiki/Magma_chamber" title="Magma chamber">Magma chamber</a> 10. <a href="/wiki/Dike_(geology)" title="Dike (geology)">Dike</a>) <a href="/wiki/File:Pelean_Eruption-numbers.svg" title="File:Pelean Eruption-numbers.svg">Click for larger version</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Surtseyan_Eruption-numbers.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15Diagram of a Surtseyan eruption. (key: 1. Water vapor cloud 2. Compressed ash 3. Crater 4. Water 5. Layers of lava and ash 6. Stratum 7. Magma conduit 8. Magma chamber 9. Dike) Click for larger version. (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 15Diagram of a Surtseyan eruption. (key: 1. Water vapor cloud 2. Compressed ash 3. Crater 4. Water 5. Layers of lava and ash 6. Stratum 7. Magma conduit 8. Magma chamber 9. Dike) Click for larger version. (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Surtseyan_Eruption-numbers.svg/120px-Surtseyan_Eruption-numbers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Surtseyan_Eruption-numbers.svg/180px-Surtseyan_Eruption-numbers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Surtseyan_Eruption-numbers.svg/240px-Surtseyan_Eruption-numbers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1100"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span>Diagram of a <a href="/wiki/Surtseyan_eruption" title="Surtseyan eruption">Surtseyan eruption</a>. (key: 1. <a href="/wiki/Water_vapor" title="Water vapor">Water vapor</a> cloud 2. <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">Compressed ash</a> 3. <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater" title="Volcanic crater">Crater</a> 4. <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a> 5. Layers of <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">ash</a> 6. <a href="/wiki/Stratum" title="Stratum">Stratum</a> 7. <a href="/wiki/Magma_conduit" class="mw-redirect" title="Magma conduit">Magma conduit</a> 8. <a href="/wiki/Magma_chamber" title="Magma chamber">Magma chamber</a> 9. <a href="/wiki/Dike_(geology)" title="Dike (geology)">Dike</a>) <a href="/wiki/File:Surtseyan_Eruption-numbers.svg" title="File:Surtseyan Eruption-numbers.svg">Click for larger version</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerosol_dimming.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 16NASA, Global Dimming - El Chichon, VEI 5; Pinatubo, VEI 6. (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)"><img alt="Image 16NASA, Global Dimming - El Chichon, VEI 5; Pinatubo, VEI 6. (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Aerosol_dimming.jpg/120px-Aerosol_dimming.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Aerosol_dimming.jpg/180px-Aerosol_dimming.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Aerosol_dimming.jpg/240px-Aerosol_dimming.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="207"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 16</span></span>NASA, Global Dimming - <a href="/wiki/El_Chichon" class="mw-redirect" title="El Chichon">El Chichon</a>, VEI 5; Pinatubo, VEI 6. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_volcanism_on_Earth" title="Timeline of volcanism on Earth">Timeline of volcanism on Earth</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stromboli_Eruption.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 17An example of the lava arcs formed during Strombolian activity. This image is of Stromboli itself. (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 17An example of the lava arcs formed during Strombolian activity. This image is of Stromboli itself. (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Stromboli_Eruption.jpg/80px-Stromboli_Eruption.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Stromboli_Eruption.jpg/121px-Stromboli_Eruption.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Stromboli_Eruption.jpg/161px-Stromboli_Eruption.jpg 2x" data-file-width="939" data-file-height="1400"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 17</span></span>An example of the lava arcs formed during Strombolian activity. This image is of <a href="/wiki/Stromboli" title="Stromboli">Stromboli</a> itself. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MtRedoubtedit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1821 April 1990 eruptive column from Redoubt Volcano, as viewed to the west from the Kenai Peninsula (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 1821 April 1990 eruptive column from Redoubt Volcano, as viewed to the west from the Kenai Peninsula (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/MtRedoubtedit1.jpg/120px-MtRedoubtedit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/MtRedoubtedit1.jpg/180px-MtRedoubtedit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/MtRedoubtedit1.jpg/240px-MtRedoubtedit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2980" data-file-height="1996"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 18</span></span>21 April 1990 <a href="/wiki/Eruption_column" title="Eruption column">eruptive column</a> from <a href="/wiki/Redoubt_Volcano" class="mw-redirect" title="Redoubt Volcano">Redoubt Volcano</a>, as viewed to the west from the <a href="/wiki/Kenai_Peninsula" title="Kenai Peninsula">Kenai Peninsula</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Magmatism_and_volcanism_EN.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 19Cross section diagram of Earth showing some settings for volcanism on the planet (from Volcanism)"><img alt="Image 19Cross section diagram of Earth showing some settings for volcanism on the planet (from Volcanism)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Magmatism_and_volcanism_EN.svg/120px-Magmatism_and_volcanism_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Magmatism_and_volcanism_EN.svg/180px-Magmatism_and_volcanism_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Magmatism_and_volcanism_EN.svg/240px-Magmatism_and_volcanism_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="900"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 19</span></span><a href="/wiki/Cross_section_(geology)" title="Cross section (geology)">Cross section</a> diagram of Earth showing some settings for volcanism on the planet (from <b><a href="/wiki/Volcanism" title="Volcanism">Volcanism</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tephra_fall_from_1991_eruption_of_Mt_Pinatubo.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 20Location of Mount Pinatubo, showing area over which ash from the 1991 eruption fell. (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)"><img alt="Image 20Location of Mount Pinatubo, showing area over which ash from the 1991 eruption fell. (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Tephra_fall_from_1991_eruption_of_Mt_Pinatubo.gif/120px-Tephra_fall_from_1991_eruption_of_Mt_Pinatubo.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Tephra_fall_from_1991_eruption_of_Mt_Pinatubo.gif/180px-Tephra_fall_from_1991_eruption_of_Mt_Pinatubo.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Tephra_fall_from_1991_eruption_of_Mt_Pinatubo.gif/240px-Tephra_fall_from_1991_eruption_of_Mt_Pinatubo.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="425"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 20</span></span>Location of Mount Pinatubo, showing area over which ash from the 1991 eruption fell. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_volcanism_on_Earth" title="Timeline of volcanism on Earth">Timeline of volcanism on Earth</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taal_Volcano_-_PHIVOLCS_-_12_January_2020.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 21Phreatic explosion captured at the Main Crater of Taal Volcano in January 2020, from an installed IP camera of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) monitoring the volcano. (from Decade Volcanoes)"><img alt="Image 21Phreatic explosion captured at the Main Crater of Taal Volcano in January 2020, from an installed IP camera of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) monitoring the volcano. (from Decade Volcanoes)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Taal_Volcano_-_PHIVOLCS_-_12_January_2020.JPG/120px-Taal_Volcano_-_PHIVOLCS_-_12_January_2020.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Taal_Volcano_-_PHIVOLCS_-_12_January_2020.JPG/180px-Taal_Volcano_-_PHIVOLCS_-_12_January_2020.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Taal_Volcano_-_PHIVOLCS_-_12_January_2020.JPG/240px-Taal_Volcano_-_PHIVOLCS_-_12_January_2020.JPG 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="526"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 21</span></span>Phreatic explosion captured at the Main Crater of <a href="/wiki/Taal_Volcano" title="Taal Volcano">Taal Volcano</a> in January 2020, from an installed <a href="/wiki/IP_camera" title="IP camera">IP camera</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Institute_of_Volcanology_and_Seismology" title="Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology">Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology</a> (PHIVOLCS) monitoring the volcano. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Decade_Volcanoes" title="Decade Volcanoes">Decade Volcanoes</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Volcanosed.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 22Some features of volcanism found in Earth's crust (from Volcanism)"><img alt="Image 22Some features of volcanism found in Earth's crust (from Volcanism)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Volcanosed.svg/120px-Volcanosed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Volcanosed.svg/180px-Volcanosed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Volcanosed.svg/240px-Volcanosed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="288"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 22</span></span>Some features of volcanism found in Earth's crust (from <b><a href="/wiki/Volcanism" title="Volcanism">Volcanism</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Her%C3%B0ubrei%C3%B0-Iceland-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 23Herðubreið, a tuya in Iceland (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 23Herðubreið, a tuya in Iceland (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Her%C3%B0ubrei%C3%B0-Iceland-2.jpg/120px-Her%C3%B0ubrei%C3%B0-Iceland-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Her%C3%B0ubrei%C3%B0-Iceland-2.jpg/180px-Her%C3%B0ubrei%C3%B0-Iceland-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Her%C3%B0ubrei%C3%B0-Iceland-2.jpg/240px-Her%C3%B0ubrei%C3%B0-Iceland-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 23</span></span><a href="/wiki/Her%C3%B0ubrei%C3%B0" title="Herðubreið">Herðubreið</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Tuya" title="Tuya">tuya</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lava_forms.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 24Some of the eruptive structures formed during volcanic activity (counterclockwise): a Plinian eruption column, Hawaiian pahoehoe flows, and a lava arc from a Strombolian eruption (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 24Some of the eruptive structures formed during volcanic activity (counterclockwise): a Plinian eruption column, Hawaiian pahoehoe flows, and a lava arc from a Strombolian eruption (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lava_forms.jpg/83px-Lava_forms.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lava_forms.jpg/125px-Lava_forms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lava_forms.jpg/166px-Lava_forms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="561"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 24</span></span>Some of the eruptive structures formed during volcanic activity (counterclockwise): a <a href="/wiki/Plinian_eruption" title="Plinian eruption">Plinian</a> <a href="/wiki/Eruption_column" title="Eruption column">eruption column</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_eruption" title="Hawaiian eruption">Hawaiian</a> <a href="/wiki/Lava#P%C4%81hoehoe" title="Lava">pahoehoe</a> flows, and a lava arc from a <a href="/wiki/Strombolian_eruption" title="Strombolian eruption">Strombolian eruption</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UnzenDevastation.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 25Building destroyed by eruptions at Mount Unzen, Japan (from Decade Volcanoes)"><img alt="Image 25Building destroyed by eruptions at Mount Unzen, Japan (from Decade Volcanoes)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/UnzenDevastation.jpg/120px-UnzenDevastation.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/UnzenDevastation.jpg/180px-UnzenDevastation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/UnzenDevastation.jpg/240px-UnzenDevastation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="431"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 25</span></span>Building destroyed by eruptions at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Unzen" title="Mount Unzen">Mount Unzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Decade_Volcanoes" title="Decade Volcanoes">Decade Volcanoes</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Volc%C3%A1n_Galeras_-_Pasto_-_Colombia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 26Galeras, Nariño, (Colombia). (from Decade Volcanoes)"><img alt="Image 26Galeras, Nariño, (Colombia). (from Decade Volcanoes)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Volc%C3%A1n_Galeras_-_Pasto_-_Colombia.jpg/120px-Volc%C3%A1n_Galeras_-_Pasto_-_Colombia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Volc%C3%A1n_Galeras_-_Pasto_-_Colombia.jpg/180px-Volc%C3%A1n_Galeras_-_Pasto_-_Colombia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Volc%C3%A1n_Galeras_-_Pasto_-_Colombia.jpg/240px-Volc%C3%A1n_Galeras_-_Pasto_-_Colombia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 26</span></span><a href="/wiki/Galeras" title="Galeras">Galeras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nari%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Nariño">Nariño</a>, (Colombia). (from <b><a href="/wiki/Decade_Volcanoes" title="Decade Volcanoes">Decade Volcanoes</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vulcanian_Eruption-numbers.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 27Diagram of a Vulcanian eruption. (key: 1. Ash plume 2. Lapilli 3. Lava fountain 4. Volcanic ash rain 5. Volcanic bomb 6. Lava flow 7. Layers of lava and ash 8. Stratum 9. Sill 10. Magma conduit 11. Magma chamber 12. Dike) Click for larger version. (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 27Diagram of a Vulcanian eruption. (key: 1. Ash plume 2. Lapilli 3. Lava fountain 4. Volcanic ash rain 5. Volcanic bomb 6. Lava flow 7. Layers of lava and ash 8. Stratum 9. Sill 10. Magma conduit 11. Magma chamber 12. Dike) Click for larger version. (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Vulcanian_Eruption-numbers.svg/120px-Vulcanian_Eruption-numbers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Vulcanian_Eruption-numbers.svg/180px-Vulcanian_Eruption-numbers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Vulcanian_Eruption-numbers.svg/240px-Vulcanian_Eruption-numbers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1100"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 27</span></span>Diagram of a <a href="/wiki/Vulcanian_eruption" title="Vulcanian eruption">Vulcanian eruption</a>. (key: 1. <a href="/wiki/Ash_plume" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash plume">Ash plume</a> 2. <a href="/wiki/Lapilli" title="Lapilli">Lapilli</a> 3. <a href="/wiki/Lava_fountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Lava fountain">Lava fountain</a> 4. <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">Volcanic ash</a> rain 5. <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_bomb" title="Volcanic bomb">Volcanic bomb</a> 6. <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">Lava flow</a> 7. Layers of <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">ash</a> 8. <a href="/wiki/Stratum" title="Stratum">Stratum</a> 9. <a href="/wiki/Sill_(geology)" title="Sill (geology)">Sill</a> 10. Magma conduit 11. <a href="/wiki/Magma_chamber" title="Magma chamber">Magma chamber</a> 12. <a href="/wiki/Dike_(geology)" title="Dike (geology)">Dike</a>) <a href="/wiki/File:Vulcanian_Eruption-numbers.svg" title="File:Vulcanian Eruption-numbers.svg">Click for larger version.</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarychev_Eruption_Generates_Large_Cloud_of_Sulfur_Dioxide.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 28Sarychev Peak: the sulphur dioxide cloud generated by the eruption on June 12, 2009 (in Dobson units). (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)"><img alt="Image 28Sarychev Peak: the sulphur dioxide cloud generated by the eruption on June 12, 2009 (in Dobson units). (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sarychev_Eruption_Generates_Large_Cloud_of_Sulfur_Dioxide.png/120px-Sarychev_Eruption_Generates_Large_Cloud_of_Sulfur_Dioxide.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sarychev_Eruption_Generates_Large_Cloud_of_Sulfur_Dioxide.png/180px-Sarychev_Eruption_Generates_Large_Cloud_of_Sulfur_Dioxide.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sarychev_Eruption_Generates_Large_Cloud_of_Sulfur_Dioxide.png/240px-Sarychev_Eruption_Generates_Large_Cloud_of_Sulfur_Dioxide.png 2x" data-file-width="1314" data-file-height="755"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 28</span></span>Sarychev Peak: the sulphur dioxide cloud generated by the eruption on June 12, 2009 (in Dobson units). (from <b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_volcanism_on_Earth" title="Timeline of volcanism on Earth">Timeline of volcanism on Earth</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gryphons_at_the_central_crater_of_the_Dashgil_mud_volcano_in_Azerbaijan_(130).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 29Eruption of mud at Dashgil mud volcano in Gobustan, Azerbaijan (from Volcanism)"><img alt="Image 29Eruption of mud at Dashgil mud volcano in Gobustan, Azerbaijan (from Volcanism)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gryphons_at_the_central_crater_of_the_Dashgil_mud_volcano_in_Azerbaijan_%28130%29.JPG/120px-Gryphons_at_the_central_crater_of_the_Dashgil_mud_volcano_in_Azerbaijan_%28130%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gryphons_at_the_central_crater_of_the_Dashgil_mud_volcano_in_Azerbaijan_%28130%29.JPG/180px-Gryphons_at_the_central_crater_of_the_Dashgil_mud_volcano_in_Azerbaijan_%28130%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gryphons_at_the_central_crater_of_the_Dashgil_mud_volcano_in_Azerbaijan_%28130%29.JPG/240px-Gryphons_at_the_central_crater_of_the_Dashgil_mud_volcano_in_Azerbaijan_%28130%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 29</span></span>Eruption of mud at <a href="/wiki/Gobustan_State_Historical_and_Cultural_Reserve" title="Gobustan State Historical and Cultural Reserve">Dashgil mud volcano</a> in Gobustan, Azerbaijan (from <b><a href="/wiki/Volcanism" title="Volcanism">Volcanism</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Lamington_1951.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 30Mount Lamington following the devastating 1951 eruption (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 30Mount Lamington following the devastating 1951 eruption (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mount_Lamington_1951.jpg/120px-Mount_Lamington_1951.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mount_Lamington_1951.jpg/180px-Mount_Lamington_1951.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mount_Lamington_1951.jpg/240px-Mount_Lamington_1951.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="403"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 30</span></span><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lamington" title="Mount Lamington">Mount Lamington</a> following the devastating 1951 eruption (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plinian_Eruption-numbers.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 31Diagram of a Plinian eruption. (key: 1. Ash plume 2. Magma conduit 3. Volcanic ash rain 4. Layers of lava and ash 5. Stratum 6. Magma chamber) Click for larger version. (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 31Diagram of a Plinian eruption. (key: 1. Ash plume 2. Magma conduit 3. Volcanic ash rain 4. Layers of lava and ash 5. Stratum 6. Magma chamber) Click for larger version. (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Plinian_Eruption-numbers.svg/120px-Plinian_Eruption-numbers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Plinian_Eruption-numbers.svg/180px-Plinian_Eruption-numbers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Plinian_Eruption-numbers.svg/240px-Plinian_Eruption-numbers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1100"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 31</span></span>Diagram of a <a href="/wiki/Plinian_eruption" title="Plinian eruption">Plinian eruption</a>. (key: 1. <a href="/wiki/Ash_plume" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash plume">Ash plume</a> 2. <a href="/wiki/Magma_conduit" class="mw-redirect" title="Magma conduit">Magma conduit</a> 3. <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">Volcanic ash</a> rain 4. Layers of <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">ash</a> 5. <a href="/wiki/Stratum" title="Stratum">Stratum</a> 6. <a href="/wiki/Magma_chamber" title="Magma chamber">Magma chamber</a>) <a href="/wiki/File:Plinian_Eruption-numbers.svg" title="File:Plinian Eruption-numbers.svg">Click for larger version</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Sinabung,_Indonesia_(Unsplash).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 322016 eruption of Mount Sinabung (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 322016 eruption of Mount Sinabung (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Mount_Sinabung%2C_Indonesia_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/120px-Mount_Sinabung%2C_Indonesia_%28Unsplash%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Mount_Sinabung%2C_Indonesia_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/180px-Mount_Sinabung%2C_Indonesia_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Mount_Sinabung%2C_Indonesia_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/240px-Mount_Sinabung%2C_Indonesia_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5148" data-file-height="3941"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 32</span></span>2016 eruption of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinabung" title="Mount Sinabung">Mount Sinabung</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Submarine_Eruption-numbers.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 33Diagram of a Submarine eruption. (key: 1. Water vapor cloud 2. Water 3. Stratum 4. Lava flow 5. Magma conduit 6. Magma chamber 7. Dike 8. Pillow lava) Click to enlarge. (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 33Diagram of a Submarine eruption. (key: 1. Water vapor cloud 2. Water 3. Stratum 4. Lava flow 5. Magma conduit 6. Magma chamber 7. Dike 8. Pillow lava) Click to enlarge. (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Submarine_Eruption-numbers.svg/120px-Submarine_Eruption-numbers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Submarine_Eruption-numbers.svg/180px-Submarine_Eruption-numbers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Submarine_Eruption-numbers.svg/240px-Submarine_Eruption-numbers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1100"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 33</span></span>Diagram of a <a href="/wiki/Submarine_eruption" title="Submarine eruption">Submarine eruption</a>. (key: 1. <a href="/wiki/Water_vapor" title="Water vapor">Water vapor cloud</a> 2. <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a> 3. <a href="/wiki/Stratum" title="Stratum">Stratum</a> 4. <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">Lava flow</a> 5. <a href="/wiki/Magma_conduit" class="mw-redirect" title="Magma conduit">Magma conduit</a> 6. <a href="/wiki/Magma_chamber" title="Magma chamber">Magma chamber</a> 7. <a href="/wiki/Dike_(geology)" title="Dike (geology)">Dike</a> 8. <a href="/wiki/Pillow_lava" title="Pillow lava">Pillow lava</a>) <a href="/wiki/File:Submarine_Eruption-numbers.svg" title="File:Submarine Eruption-numbers.svg">Click to enlarge</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Teide_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 34Teide, Tenerife (Spain). (from Decade Volcanoes)"><img alt="Image 34Teide, Tenerife (Spain). (from Decade Volcanoes)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Teide_2011.jpg/120px-Teide_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Teide_2011.jpg/180px-Teide_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Teide_2011.jpg/240px-Teide_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="773" data-file-height="565"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 34</span></span><a href="/wiki/Teide" title="Teide">Teide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a> (Spain). (from <b><a href="/wiki/Decade_Volcanoes" title="Decade Volcanoes">Decade Volcanoes</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armero_aftermath_Marso.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 35Lahar flows from the 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, which totally destroyed Armero in Colombia (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 35Lahar flows from the 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, which totally destroyed Armero in Colombia (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Armero_aftermath_Marso.jpg/120px-Armero_aftermath_Marso.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Armero_aftermath_Marso.jpg/180px-Armero_aftermath_Marso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Armero_aftermath_Marso.jpg/240px-Armero_aftermath_Marso.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 35</span></span><a href="/wiki/Lahar" title="Lahar">Lahar flows</a> from the 1985 eruption of <a href="/wiki/Nevado_del_Ruiz" title="Nevado del Ruiz">Nevado del Ruiz</a>, which totally <a href="/wiki/Armero_tragedy" title="Armero tragedy">destroyed</a> <a href="/wiki/Armero" title="Armero">Armero</a> in Colombia (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hawaiian_Eruption-numbers.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 36Diagram of a Hawaiian eruption. (key: 1. Ash plume 2. Lava fountain 3. Crater 4. Lava lake 5. Fumaroles 6. Lava flow 7. Layers of lava and ash 8. Stratum 9. Sill 10. Magma conduit 11. Magma chamber 12. Dike) Click for larger version. (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 36Diagram of a Hawaiian eruption. (key: 1. Ash plume 2. Lava fountain 3. Crater 4. Lava lake 5. Fumaroles 6. Lava flow 7. Layers of lava and ash 8. Stratum 9. Sill 10. Magma conduit 11. Magma chamber 12. Dike) Click for larger version. (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Hawaiian_Eruption-numbers.svg/120px-Hawaiian_Eruption-numbers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Hawaiian_Eruption-numbers.svg/180px-Hawaiian_Eruption-numbers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Hawaiian_Eruption-numbers.svg/240px-Hawaiian_Eruption-numbers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1100"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 36</span></span>Diagram of a <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_eruption" title="Hawaiian eruption">Hawaiian eruption</a>. (key: 1. <a href="/wiki/Ash_plume" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash plume">Ash plume</a> 2. <a href="/wiki/Lava_fountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Lava fountain">Lava fountain</a> 3. <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater" title="Volcanic crater">Crater</a> 4. <a href="/wiki/Lava_lake" title="Lava lake">Lava lake</a> 5. <a href="/wiki/Fumarole" title="Fumarole">Fumaroles</a> 6. <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">Lava flow</a> 7. Layers of <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">ash</a> 8. <a href="/wiki/Stratum" title="Stratum">Stratum</a> 9. <a href="/wiki/Sill_(geology)" title="Sill (geology)">Sill</a> 10. <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">Magma</a> conduit 11. <a href="/wiki/Magma_chamber" title="Magma chamber">Magma chamber</a> 12. <a href="/wiki/Dike_(geology)" title="Dike (geology)">Dike</a>) <a href="/wiki/File:Hawaiian_Eruption-numbers.svg" title="File:Hawaiian Eruption-numbers.svg">Click for larger version</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kilauea_Fissure_8_cone_erupting_on_6-28-2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 37A gentle, or effusive, volcanic eruption, in which liquid material (lava) gently flows from a vent, in this case in south-eastern Hawai’i island (from Volcanism)"><img alt="Image 37A gentle, or effusive, volcanic eruption, in which liquid material (lava) gently flows from a vent, in this case in south-eastern Hawai’i island (from Volcanism)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kilauea_Fissure_8_cone_erupting_on_6-28-2018.jpg/120px-Kilauea_Fissure_8_cone_erupting_on_6-28-2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kilauea_Fissure_8_cone_erupting_on_6-28-2018.jpg/180px-Kilauea_Fissure_8_cone_erupting_on_6-28-2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kilauea_Fissure_8_cone_erupting_on_6-28-2018.jpg/240px-Kilauea_Fissure_8_cone_erupting_on_6-28-2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 37</span></span>A gentle, or <a href="/wiki/Effusive_eruption" title="Effusive eruption">effusive</a>, volcanic eruption, in which liquid material (lava) gently flows from a vent, in this case in south-eastern <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_(island)" title="Hawaii (island)">Hawai’i island</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Volcanism" title="Volcanism">Volcanism</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VEIfigure_en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 38Diagram showing the scale of VEI correlation with total ejecta volume (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 38Diagram showing the scale of VEI correlation with total ejecta volume (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/VEIfigure_en.svg/99px-VEIfigure_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/VEIfigure_en.svg/149px-VEIfigure_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/VEIfigure_en.svg/198px-VEIfigure_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="900"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 38</span></span>Diagram showing the scale of <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_Explosivity_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic Explosivity Index">VEI</a> correlation with total <a href="/wiki/Ejecta" title="Ejecta">ejecta</a> volume (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tavurvur_volcano_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 39Tavurvur in Papua New Guinea erupting (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 39Tavurvur in Papua New Guinea erupting (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tavurvur_volcano_edit.jpg/120px-Tavurvur_volcano_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tavurvur_volcano_edit.jpg/180px-Tavurvur_volcano_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tavurvur_volcano_edit.jpg/240px-Tavurvur_volcano_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3844" data-file-height="2544"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 39</span></span><a href="/wiki/Tavurvur" title="Tavurvur">Tavurvur</a> in <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> erupting (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pelee_1902_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 40The lava spine that developed after the 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 40The lava spine that developed after the 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Pelee_1902_6.jpg/105px-Pelee_1902_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Pelee_1902_6.jpg/158px-Pelee_1902_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Pelee_1902_6.jpg/210px-Pelee_1902_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="378"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 40</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Lava_spine" title="Lava spine">lava spine</a> that developed after the 1902 eruption of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pel%C3%A9e" title="Mount Pelée">Mount Pelée</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phreatic_Eruption-numbers.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 41Diagram of a phreatic eruption. (key: 1. Water vapor cloud 2. Magma conduit 3. Layers of lava and ash 4. Stratum 5. Water table 6. Explosion 7. Magma chamber) (from Types of volcanic eruptions)"><img alt="Image 41Diagram of a phreatic eruption. (key: 1. Water vapor cloud 2. Magma conduit 3. Layers of lava and ash 4. Stratum 5. Water table 6. Explosion 7. Magma chamber) (from Types of volcanic eruptions)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Phreatic_Eruption-numbers.svg/120px-Phreatic_Eruption-numbers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Phreatic_Eruption-numbers.svg/180px-Phreatic_Eruption-numbers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Phreatic_Eruption-numbers.svg/240px-Phreatic_Eruption-numbers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1100"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 41</span></span>Diagram of a <a href="/wiki/Phreatic_eruption" title="Phreatic eruption">phreatic eruption</a>. (key: 1. <a href="/wiki/Water_vapor" title="Water vapor">Water vapor cloud</a> 2. <a href="/wiki/Magma_conduit" class="mw-redirect" title="Magma conduit">Magma conduit</a> 3. Layers of <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">ash</a> 4. <a href="/wiki/Stratum" title="Stratum">Stratum</a> 5. <a href="/wiki/Water_table" title="Water table">Water table</a> 6. <a href="/wiki/Explosive_eruption" title="Explosive eruption">Explosion</a> 7. <a href="/wiki/Magma_chamber" title="Magma chamber">Magma chamber</a>) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Erupsi_Gunung_Sinabung.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 42The high initial temperatures of silicate lavas mean that they emit visible light before cooling. (from Volcanism)"><img alt="Image 42The high initial temperatures of silicate lavas mean that they emit visible light before cooling. (from Volcanism)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Erupsi_Gunung_Sinabung.jpg/120px-Erupsi_Gunung_Sinabung.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Erupsi_Gunung_Sinabung.jpg/180px-Erupsi_Gunung_Sinabung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Erupsi_Gunung_Sinabung.jpg/240px-Erupsi_Gunung_Sinabung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 42</span></span>The high initial temperatures of silicate lavas mean that they emit <a href="/wiki/Visible_spectrum" title="Visible spectrum">visible light</a> before cooling. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Volcanism" title="Volcanism">Volcanism</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tonga_Volcano_Eruption_2022-01-15_0320Z_to_0610Z_Himawari-8_visible.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 43Satellite animation of the initial ash plume and shockwave of the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai eruption and tsunami. The massive explosive eruption was hundreds of times more powerful than the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. (from Volcanism)"><img alt="Image 43Satellite animation of the initial ash plume and shockwave of the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai eruption and tsunami. The massive explosive eruption was hundreds of times more powerful than the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. (from Volcanism)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Tonga_Volcano_Eruption_2022-01-15_0320Z_to_0610Z_Himawari-8_visible.gif/120px-Tonga_Volcano_Eruption_2022-01-15_0320Z_to_0610Z_Himawari-8_visible.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Tonga_Volcano_Eruption_2022-01-15_0320Z_to_0610Z_Himawari-8_visible.gif/180px-Tonga_Volcano_Eruption_2022-01-15_0320Z_to_0610Z_Himawari-8_visible.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Tonga_Volcano_Eruption_2022-01-15_0320Z_to_0610Z_Himawari-8_visible.gif/240px-Tonga_Volcano_Eruption_2022-01-15_0320Z_to_0610Z_Himawari-8_visible.gif 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="850"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 43</span></span>Satellite animation of the initial ash plume and shockwave of the <a href="/wiki/2022_Hunga_Tonga%E2%80%93Hunga_Ha%CA%BBapai_eruption_and_tsunami" title="2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami">2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai eruption and tsunami.</a> The massive explosive eruption was hundreds of times more powerful than the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Volcanism" title="Volcanism">Volcanism</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TOMS_SO2_Jun17_91.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 44TOMS sulfur dioxide from the June 15, 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)"><img alt="Image 44TOMS sulfur dioxide from the June 15, 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/TOMS_SO2_Jun17_91.gif/120px-TOMS_SO2_Jun17_91.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/TOMS_SO2_Jun17_91.gif/180px-TOMS_SO2_Jun17_91.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/TOMS_SO2_Jun17_91.gif/240px-TOMS_SO2_Jun17_91.gif 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="590"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 44</span></span>TOMS sulfur dioxide from the June 15, 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_volcanism_on_Earth" title="Timeline of volcanism on Earth">Timeline of volcanism on Earth</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VEIfigure_en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 45VEI and ejecta volume correlation (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)"><img alt="Image 45VEI and ejecta volume correlation (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/VEIfigure_en.svg/99px-VEIfigure_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/VEIfigure_en.svg/149px-VEIfigure_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/VEIfigure_en.svg/198px-VEIfigure_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="900"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 45</span></span>VEI and ejecta volume correlation (from <b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_volcanism_on_Earth" title="Timeline of volcanism on Earth">Timeline of volcanism on Earth</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TOMS_SO2_time_nov03.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 46Sulfur dioxide emissions by volcanoes. Mount Pinatubo: 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide. (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)"><img alt="Image 46Sulfur dioxide emissions by volcanoes. Mount Pinatubo: 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide. (from Timeline of volcanism on Earth)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/TOMS_SO2_time_nov03.png/120px-TOMS_SO2_time_nov03.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/TOMS_SO2_time_nov03.png/180px-TOMS_SO2_time_nov03.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/TOMS_SO2_time_nov03.png/240px-TOMS_SO2_time_nov03.png 2x" data-file-width="839" data-file-height="500"></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 46</span></span>Sulfur dioxide emissions by <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanoes</a>. Mount Pinatubo: 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_volcanism_on_Earth" title="Timeline of volcanism on Earth">Timeline of volcanism on Earth</a></b>)</div> </li> </ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:orange;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:black;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:orange;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Selected_biography_-_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:orange;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected biography - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Volcanoes&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFFFF0;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Tempest_Anderson_by_William_Orpen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Portrait_of_Tempest_Anderson_by_William_Orpen.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Tempest_Anderson_by_William_Orpen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Portrait_of_Tempest_Anderson_by_William_Orpen.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Tempest_Anderson_by_William_Orpen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Portrait_of_Tempest_Anderson_by_William_Orpen.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Tempest_Anderson_by_William_Orpen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1568" data-file-height="2052"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Portrait of Tempest Anderson by Irish artist <a href="/wiki/William_Orpen" title="William Orpen">William Orpen</a>. It currently resides in the Yorkshire Museum's Tempest Anderson Hall.</div></div></div></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Tempest_Anderson" title="Tempest Anderson">Tempest Anderson</a></b> (7 December 1846 – 26 August 1913) was an <a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">ophthalmic</a> surgeon at <a href="/wiki/York_County_Hospital" title="York County Hospital">York County Hospital</a> in the United Kingdom, and an expert amateur photographer and <a href="/wiki/Volcanologist" title="Volcanologist">volcanologist</a>. He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Society of London">Royal Society</a> Commission which was appointed to investigate the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Eruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Eruption">eruptions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Soufriere_Saint_Vincent" class="mw-redirect" title="Soufriere Saint Vincent">La Soufrière volcano, St Vincent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pelee" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Pelee">Mont Pelée</a>, Martinique, <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> which both erupted in May 1902. Some of his photographs of these eruptions were subsequently published in his book, <i>Volcanic Studies in Many Lands</i>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Tempest_Anderson" title="Tempest Anderson">Full article...</a></b>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256386598"> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of selected biographies</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_A._Johnston" title="David A. Johnston">David A. Johnston</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton_(diplomat)" title="William Hamilton (diplomat)">William Hamilton (diplomat)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/George_Julius_Poulett_Scrope" title="George Julius Poulett Scrope">George Julius Poulett Scrope</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rosaly_Lopes" title="Rosaly Lopes">Rosaly Lopes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Glicken" title="Harry Glicken">Harry Glicken</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Voight" title="Barry Voight">Barry Voight</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_R._Truman" title="Harry R. Truman">Harry R. Truman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Reid_Blackburn" title="Reid Blackburn">Reid Blackburn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Robertson" title="Richard Robertson">Richard Robertson</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Horwell" title="Claire Horwell">Claire Horwell</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Souther" title="Jack Souther">Jack Souther</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hazel_Rymer" title="Hazel Rymer">Hazel Rymer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jenni_Barclay" title="Jenni Barclay">Jenni Barclay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Haroun_Tazieff" title="Haroun Tazieff">Haroun Tazieff</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Hickson" title="Catherine Hickson">Catherine Hickson</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Mathews" title="Bill Mathews">Bill Mathews</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Francis_(volcanologist)" title="Peter Francis (volcanologist)">Peter Francis (volcanologist)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_McGuire_(volcanologist)" title="Bill McGuire (volcanologist)">Bill McGuire (volcanologist)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/George_Julius_Poulett_Scrope" title="George Julius Poulett Scrope">George Julius Poulett Scrope</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Alcaraz" title="Arturo Alcaraz">Arturo Alcaraz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Katia_and_Maurice_Krafft" title="Katia and Maurice Krafft">Katia and Maurice Krafft</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Berend_George_Escher" title="Berend George Escher">Berend George Escher</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:orange;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:black;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:orange;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AVolcanoes%2FSelected_picture%2F2&action=edit"><span style="color:orange">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Selected_picture" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:orange;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected picture</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFFFF0;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="center"> <table style="margin-right: 14px; margin-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 7px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; background:#FFFFF0 ; border:4px ridge orange; margin: 1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pahoeoe_fountain_original.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pāhoehoe lava"><img alt="Pāhoehoe lava" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Pahoeoe_fountain_original.jpg/375px-Pahoeoe_fountain_original.jpg" decoding="async" width="375" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Pahoeoe_fountain_original.jpg/563px-Pahoeoe_fountain_original.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Pahoeoe_fountain_original.jpg/750px-Pahoeoe_fountain_original.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048"></a><figcaption>Pāhoehoe lava</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding: 0; margin: 0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center;" width="33%"><small>Credit: J.D. Griggs, <a href="/wiki/USGS" class="mw-redirect" title="USGS">USGS</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An arching fountain of <b><a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">pāhoehoe lava</a></b>, approximately 10 m (33 ft) high, issuing from a spatter cone of Pu‘u Kahaualea, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>. Pāhoehoe is <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basaltic</a> lava that has a smooth, billowy, undulating, or ropy surface. These surface features are due to the movement of very fluid lava under a congealing surface crust. Pāhoehoe lavas typically have a temperature of 1100°C–1200°C. </p> </div> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding: 0; margin: 0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Volcanoes/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Volcanoes/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></b></div></td> <td> <div style="text-align:right;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:0px;"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Lava#p%C4%81hoehoe_lava" title="Lava">Read more...</a></b> </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:orange;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:black;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:orange;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AVolcanoes%2FQuotes%2F3&action=edit"><span style="color:orange">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Selected_quote" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:orange;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected quote</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFFFF0;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Is this volcano active?"</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Tourist on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Etna" title="Mount Etna">Mount Etna</a>, after being reprimanded for camping out at the base of a dangerous <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_vent" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic vent">volcanic vent</a>, 2000.</cite></div></blockquote> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding: 0; margin: 0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Volcanoes/Quotes" title="Portal:Volcanoes/Quotes">More selected quotes</a></b></div> </td> <td> <div style="text-align:right;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:0px;"> <p><b><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volcanolive.com/quotes.html">More...</a></span></b> </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:orange;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:black;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:orange;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AVolcanoes%2FRelated_portals&action=edit"><span style="color:orange">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Related_portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:orange;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Related portals</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFFFF0;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png/25px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png/38px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png/50px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="2776"></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Earth_sciences" title="Portal:Earth sciences">Earth sciences</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/25px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/50px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png/25px-The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png/38px-The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png/50px-The_Matterhorn_as_seen_from_Zermatt.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="994"></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mountains" title="Portal:Mountains">Mountains</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/25px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/38px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/50px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002"></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World</a></li></ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:orange;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:black;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:orange;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AVolcanoes%2FWikiProjects&action=edit"><span style="color:orange">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="WikiProjects" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:orange;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">WikiProjects</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFFFF0;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Community.png" class="mw-file-description" title="WikiProjects"><img alt="WikiProjects" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Community.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="32"></a><figcaption>WikiProjects</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Volcanoes" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Volcanoes">WikiProject Volcanoes</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Seamounts" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Seamounts">WikiProject Seamounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Mountains" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Mountains">WikiProject Mountains</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:orange;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:black;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:orange;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AVolcanoes%2FVolcanoes_topics&action=edit"><span style="color:orange">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Volcanoes_topics" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Volcanoes" title="Template:Volcanoes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Volcanoes" title="Template talk:Volcanoes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Volcanoes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Volcanoes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Volcanoes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">Volcanoes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">Caldera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinder_cone" title="Cinder cone">Cinder cone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_volcano" title="Complex volcano">Complex volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryovolcano" title="Cryovolcano">Cryovolcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptoexplosion" title="Cryptoexplosion">Cryptovolcanic structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fissure_vent" title="Fissure vent">Fissure vent</a></li> <li>Lava cone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_dome" title="Lava dome">Lava dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maar" title="Maar">Maar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud_volcano" title="Mud volcano">Mud volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasitic_cone" title="Parasitic cone">Parasitic cone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_cone" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyroclastic cone">Pyroclastic cone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_shield" title="Pyroclastic shield">Pyroclastic shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootless_cone" title="Rootless cone">Rootless cone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield_volcano" title="Shield volcano">Shield volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somma_volcano" title="Somma volcano">Somma volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratovolcano" title="Stratovolcano">Stratovolcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subglacial_volcano" title="Subglacial volcano">Subglacial volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_volcano" title="Submarine volcano">Submarine volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervolcano" title="Supervolcano">Supervolcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tossol" title="Tossol">Tossol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_cone" title="Volcanic cone">Volcanic cone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_tremor" title="Harmonic tremor">Harmonic tremor</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg/90px-Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg/135px-Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg/180px-Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="845" data-file-height="578"></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_rock" title="Volcanic rock">Volcanic rocks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agglomerate" title="Agglomerate">Agglomerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andesite" title="Andesite">Andesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">Basalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basaltic_andesite" title="Basaltic andesite">Basaltic andesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benmoreite" title="Benmoreite">Benmoreite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blairmorite" title="Blairmorite">Blairmorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoria" title="Scoria">Cinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacite" title="Dacite">Dacite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felsite" title="Felsite">Felsite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignimbrite" title="Ignimbrite">Ignimbrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komatiite" title="Komatiite">Komatiite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapilli" title="Lapilli">Lapilli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latite" title="Latite">Latite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucitite" title="Leucitite">Leucitite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephelinite" title="Nephelinite">Nephelinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">Obsidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonolite" title="Phonolite">Phonolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonotephrite" title="Phonotephrite">Phonotephrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumice" title="Pumice">Pumice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyodacite" title="Rhyodacite">Rhyodacite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyolite" title="Rhyolite">Rhyolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tephra" title="Tephra">Tephra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tephriphonolite" title="Tephriphonolite">Tephriphonolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachyandesite" title="Trachyandesite">Trachyandesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachybasalt" title="Trachybasalt">Trachybasalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachyte" title="Trachyte">Trachyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuff" title="Tuff">Tuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_fall" title="Pyroclastic fall">Pyroclastic fall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_flow" title="Pyroclastic flow">Pyroclastic flow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Lists and groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hotspot_(geology)" title="Hotspot (geology)">Hotspot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_volcanoes" title="Lists of volcanoes">Lists of volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanic_eruptions_by_death_toll" title="List of volcanic eruptions by death toll">Eruptions by death toll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decade_Volcanoes" title="Decade Volcanoes">Decade Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_arc" title="Volcanic arc">Volcanic arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_belt" title="Volcanic belt">Volcanic belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_field" title="Volcanic field">Volcanic field</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monogenetic_volcanic_field" title="Monogenetic volcanic field">monogenetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygenetic_volcanic_field" title="Polygenetic volcanic field">polygenetic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Volcanoes" title="Category:Volcanoes">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Volcanoes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Volcanoes">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></a></span> <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100"></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Volcanoes" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Volcanoes">WikiProject</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049300"> <div class="PlainNavboxes"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Volcano_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Volcano_topics" title="Template:Volcano topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Volcano_topics" title="Template talk:Volcano topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Volcano_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Volcano topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Volcano_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">Volcano topics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decade_Volcanoes" title="Decade Volcanoes">Decade Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prediction_of_volcanic_activity" title="Prediction of volcanic activity">Prediction of volcanic activity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_explosivity_index" title="Volcanic explosivity index">Volcanic explosivity index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_Seven_Summits" title="Volcanic Seven Summits">Volcanic Seven Summits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_winter" title="Volcanic winter">Volcanic winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_Number" title="Volcano Number">Volcano Number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_observatory" title="Volcano observatory">Volcano observatory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_volcanoes" title="Lists of volcanoes">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extraterrestrial_volcanoes" title="List of extraterrestrial volcanoes">Extraterrestrial volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_large_volume_volcanic_eruptions_in_the_Basin_and_Range_Province" title="List of large volume volcanic eruptions in the Basin and Range Province">Large volume volcanic eruptions in the Basin and Range Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_large_volcanic_eruptions" title="List of large volcanic eruptions">Large volcanic eruptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_volcanic_eruptions" title="List of largest volcanic eruptions">Largest volcanic eruptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_volcanism_on_Earth" title="Timeline of volcanism on Earth">Earth timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Quaternary_volcanic_eruptions" title="List of Quaternary volcanic eruptions">Quaternary volcanic eruptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanic_eruption_deaths" title="List of volcanic eruption deaths">Volcanic eruption deaths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049300"> <div class="PlainNavboxes"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Template:Types of volcanic eruptions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Template talk:Types of volcanic eruptions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Types of volcanic eruptions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">Magmatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_eruption" title="Hawaiian eruption">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pel%C3%A9an_eruption" title="Peléan eruption">Peléan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plinian_eruption" title="Plinian eruption">Plinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strombolian_eruption" title="Strombolian eruption">Strombolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcanian_eruption" title="Vulcanian eruption">Vulcanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phreatomagmatic_eruption" title="Phreatomagmatic eruption">Phreatomagmatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subglacial_eruption" title="Subglacial eruption">Subglacial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_eruption" title="Submarine eruption">Submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surtseyan_eruption" title="Surtseyan eruption">Surtseyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phreatic" title="Phreatic">Phreatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phreatic_eruption" title="Phreatic eruption">Phreatic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other classifications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effusive_eruption" title="Effusive eruption">Effusive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explosive_eruption" title="Explosive eruption">Explosive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flank_eruption" title="Flank eruption">Flank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_eruption" title="Lateral eruption">Lateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnic_eruption" title="Limnic eruption">Limnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaerial_eruption" title="Subaerial eruption">Subaerial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:orange;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:black;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" 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class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Volcanic_belts" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Volcanic_belts" title="Category:Volcanic belts">Volcanic belts</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Glaciovolcanism" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Glaciovolcanism" title="Category:Glaciovolcanism">Glaciovolcanism</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Volcanic_hazards" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Volcanic_hazards" title="Category:Volcanic hazards">Volcanic hazards</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Volcanic_landforms" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Volcanic_landforms" title="Category:Volcanic landforms">Volcanic landforms</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Volcano_monitoring" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Volcano_monitoring" title="Category:Volcano monitoring">Volcano monitoring</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Volcano_observatories" title="Category:Volcano observatories">Volcano observatories</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Volcanic_rocks" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Volcanic_rocks" title="Category:Volcanic rocks">Volcanic rocks</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Volcano_seismology" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Volcano_seismology" title="Category:Volcano seismology">Volcano seismology</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Volcanic_winters" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Volcanic_winters" title="Category:Volcanic winters">Volcanic winters</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Volcanology_stubs" title="Category:Volcanology stubs">Volcanology stubs</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:orange;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:black;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:orange;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AVolcanoes%2FFeatured_work&action=edit"><span style="color:orange">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Featured_work_and_other_approved_content" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:orange;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Featured work and other approved content</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFFFF0;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Featured_article_star.png/50px-Featured_article_star.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Featured_article_star.png/75px-Featured_article_star.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Featured_article_star.png/100px-Featured_article_star.png 2x" data-file-width="181" data-file-height="197"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FA">Featured articles</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/1980_eruption_of_Mount_St._Helens" title="1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens">1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens</a> • <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_Nazko_earthquakes" title="2007–2008 Nazko earthquakes">2007–2008 Nazko earthquakes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Amchitka" title="Amchitka">Amchitka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Armero_tragedy" title="Armero tragedy">Armero tragedy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Craters_of_the_Moon_National_Monument_and_Preserve" title="Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve">Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cerro_Azul_(Chile_volcano)" title="Cerro Azul (Chile volcano)">Cerro Azul (Chile volcano)</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_A._Johnston" title="David A. Johnston">David A. Johnston</a> • <a href="/wiki/Enceladus_(moon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enceladus (moon)">Enceladus (moon)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Lassen_volcanic_area" title="Geology of the Lassen volcanic area">Geology of the Lassen volcanic area</a> • <a href="/wiki/Io_(moon)" title="Io (moon)">Io (moon)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kama%CA%BBehuakanaloa_Seamount" title="Kamaʻehuakanaloa Seamount">Kamaʻehuakanaloa Seamount</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mauna_Kea" title="Mauna Kea">Mauna Kea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mauna_Loa" title="Mauna Loa">Mauna Loa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Metacomet_Ridge" title="Metacomet Ridge">Metacomet Ridge</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mono-Inyo_Craters" class="mw-redirect" title="Mono-Inyo Craters">Mono-Inyo Craters</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mount_Cayley_volcanic_field" title="Mount Cayley volcanic field">Mount Cayley volcanic field</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mount_St._Helens" title="Mount St. Helens">Mount St. Helens</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tambora" title="Mount Tambora">Mount Tambora</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nevado_del_Ruiz" title="Nevado del Ruiz">Nevado del Ruiz</a> • <a href="/wiki/Surtsey" title="Surtsey">Surtsey</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Volcano_(British_Columbia)" title="The Volcano (British Columbia)">The Volcano (British Columbia)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Triton_(moon)" title="Triton (moon)">Triton (moon)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Upper_and_Lower_Table_Rock" title="Upper and Lower Table Rock">Upper and Lower Table Rock</a> • <a href="/wiki/Volcanism_on_Io" title="Volcanism on Io">Volcanism on Io</a> • <a href="/wiki/Volcano_(South_Park)" title="Volcano (South Park)">Volcano (South Park)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone National Park</a> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FL">Featured lists</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Indonesia" title="List of volcanoes in Indonesia">List of volcanoes in Indonesia</a> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_Hawaiian_%E2%80%93_Emperor_seamount_chain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of volcanoes in the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain">List of volcanoes in the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain</a> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_volcanic_eruptions" title="List of largest volcanic eruptions">List of largest volcanic eruptions</a> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FP">Featured pictures</a>:</b> There are currently <b> 43</b> volcano-related Featured pictures. A full gallery can be seen <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Volcanoes/Content#Featured_pictures" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Volcanoes/Content">here</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_support_vote.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/50px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/75px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/100px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:GA">Good articles</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Abyssal_plain" title="Abyssal plain">Abyssal plain</a> • <a href="/wiki/Amak_Volcano" title="Amak Volcano">Amak Volcano</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anahim_hotspot" title="Anahim hotspot">Anahim hotspot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Axial_Seamount" title="Axial Seamount">Axial Seamount</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ben_Nevis" title="Ben Nevis">Ben Nevis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bowie_Seamount" title="Bowie Seamount">Bowie Seamount</a> • <a href="/wiki/Crater_Lake" title="Crater Lake">Crater Lake</a> • <a href="/wiki/Davidson_Seamount" title="Davidson Seamount">Davidson Seamount</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ferdinandea" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinandea">Ferdinandea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gareloi_Volcano" class="mw-redirect" title="Gareloi Volcano">Gareloi Volcano</a> • <a href="/wiki/Geyser" title="Geyser">Geyser</a> • <a href="/wiki/Glacier_Peak" title="Glacier Peak">Glacier Peak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_hotspot" title="Hawaii hotspot">Hawaii hotspot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hual%C4%81lai" title="Hualālai">Hualālai</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kohala_(mountain)" title="Kohala (mountain)">Kohala (mountain)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lake_Toba" title="Lake Toba">Lake Toba</a> • <a href="/wiki/Minoan_eruption" title="Minoan eruption">Minoan eruption</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mount_Adams_(Washington)" title="Mount Adams (Washington)">Mount Adams (Washington)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mount_Bailey_(Oregon)" title="Mount Bailey (Oregon)">Mount Bailey</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mount_Baker" title="Mount Baker">Mount Baker</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mount_Cleveland_(Alaska)" title="Mount Cleveland (Alaska)">Mount Cleveland (Alaska)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mount_Edziza_volcanic_complex" title="Mount Edziza volcanic complex">Mount Edziza volcanic complex</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mount_Garibaldi" title="Mount Garibaldi">Mount Garibaldi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hood" title="Mount Hood">Mount Hood</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kenya" title="Mount Kenya">Mount Kenya</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mount_Rainier" title="Mount Rainier">Mount Rainier</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mount_Redoubt" title="Mount Redoubt">Mount Redoubt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tehama" title="Mount Tehama">Mount Tehama</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mount_Thielsen" title="Mount Thielsen">Mount Thielsen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius" title="Mount Vesuvius">Mount Vesuvius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_Island" title="Peter I Island">Peter I Island</a> • <a href="/wiki/Roxy_Ann_Peak" title="Roxy Ann Peak">Roxy Ann Peak</a> • <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B9m" title="Rùm">Rùm</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sakurajima" title="Sakurajima">Sakurajima</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sangay" title="Sangay">Sangay</a> • <a href="/wiki/Silverthrone_Caldera" title="Silverthrone Caldera">Silverthrone Caldera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Staffa" title="Staffa">Staffa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Types of volcanic eruptions</a> • <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">Volcanic ash</a> • <a href="/wiki/Weh_Island" title="Weh Island">Weh Island</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wells_Gray-Clearwater_volcanic_field" title="Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field">Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yamsay_Mountain" title="Yamsay Mountain">Yamsay Mountain</a> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Valued_pictures" title="Wikipedia:Valued pictures">Valued pictures</a>:</b> A gallery of volcano-related valued pictures can be seen <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Volcanoes/Content#Valued_pictures" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Volcanoes/Content">here</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:orange;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:black;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:orange;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AVolcanoes%2FWhat_you_can_do&action=edit"><span style="color:orange">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="What_you_can_do" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:orange;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">What you can do</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFFFF0;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Things you can do"><img alt="Things you can do" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/75px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/100px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"></a><figcaption>Things you can do</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Add the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Volcanoes" title="Template:WikiProject Volcanoes">WikiProject Volcanoes</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> message box to <i>talk</i> pages of articles within the scope of this project, including appropriate assessments, if needed.</li> <li>Add appropriate volcano type categories to articles, and verify the accuracy of any existing categories. See the section "<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Volcanoes#Categorization" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Volcanoes">Categorization</a>" below.</li> <li>Add <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_mountain" title="Template:Infobox mountain">infobox mountain</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> to articles if needed and missing, and add volcano-related fields to existing infoboxes if these are missing.</li> <li>Expand volcano articles which are stubs, especially by adding photos and (most importantly) proper references.</li> <li>Help improve articles related to Hawaiian and Canadian volcanism by joining the <a href="/wiki/User:Resident_Mario/Volcanism_of_Hawaii_Workgroup" title="User:Resident Mario/Volcanism of Hawaii Workgroup">Hawaiian</a> and <a href="/wiki/User:Black_Tusk/Volcanism_of_Canada_Workgroup" class="mw-redirect" title="User:Black Tusk/Volcanism of Canada Workgroup">Canadian</a> workgroups.</li> <li>Improve some of the project's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Volcanoes/Popular_pages" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Volcanoes/Popular pages">most visible articles</a>.</li></ul> <p><br> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:orange;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:black;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:orange;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Associated_Wikimedia" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:orange;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Associated Wikimedia</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #aaaaaa;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFFFF0;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335380">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> sister projects provide more on this subject: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Volcanoes"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/47px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/62px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Volcanoes" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Volcanoes">Commons</a></span><br>Free media repository</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Volcanoes"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Volcanoes" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Volcanoes">Wikibooks</a></span><br>Free textbooks and manuals</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Volcanoes"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Volcanoes" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/Volcanoes">Wikidata</a></span><br>Free knowledge base</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Volcanoes"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Volcanoes" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Volcanoes">Wikinews</a></span><br>Free-content news</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Volcanoes"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/53px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/70px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Volcanoes" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Volcanoes">Wikiquote</a></span><br>Collection of quotations</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Volcanoes"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/35px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/53px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/70px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Volcanoes" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Volcanoes">Wikisource</a></span><br>Free-content library</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Volcanoes"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Volcanoes" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/Volcanoes">Wikiversity</a></span><br>Free learning tools</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Volcanoes"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Volcanoes" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/Volcanoes">Wiktionary</a></span><br>Dictionary and thesaurus</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239335380"> <div class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Discover Wikipedia using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">portals</a></b></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/35px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/53px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/70px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="600"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">List of all portals</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/35px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/53px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/70px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:The_arts" title="Portal:The arts">The arts portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/35px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/53px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/70px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944"></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/35px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/53px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/70px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290"></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="globe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/35px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/53px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/70px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/35px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/53px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/70px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="square root of x" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/35px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/53px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/70px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/35px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/53px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/70px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Random_font_awesome.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/35px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/53px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/70px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/35px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/53px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/70px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Portals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Portals">WikiProject Portals</a></span></div> </li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"> </li> </ul> </div> </div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Volcanoes&oldid=1254010926">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Volcanoes&oldid=1254010926</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Volcanoes&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Nurg" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1730162703"> <span>Last edited on 29 October 2024, at 00:45</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بوابة:براكين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوابة:براكين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Vulkane" title="Portal:Vulkane – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portal:Vulkane" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Volcanisme" title="Portail:Volcanisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Portail:Volcanisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%84%B8:%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0" title="포털:화산 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포털:화산" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Vulqonlar" title="Portal:Vulqonlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Portal:Vulqonlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Vulc%C3%B5es" title="Portal:Vulcões – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Portal:Vulcões" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Портал:Вулканы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Портал:Вулканы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="Portal:火山 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Portal:火山" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 October 2024, at 00:45<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> 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