CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134d1217877fd36',cH: 'TBIIE9Ws95tsTBo4esQskKZOkm5uXXLz0zSO6PMDapA-1739785236-1.2.1.1-1aiFWwCyISrFrcGq8WxsYnLnvb7G9PvxtpWEVukbb7xJhIpZfT0VVgPDMgkEmJgP',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Hao%20Che&__cf_chl_tk=dWFvQyxTg45Ggism1T0wAwazzkMjgPM5tWqzq1T_YsM-1739785236-1.0.1.1-w5.1VRKOlTBsIAMTkL3nFliCbe1J0rPyeXF1c2YsM0A",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739785236',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Hao%20Che&__cf_chl_f_tk=dWFvQyxTg45Ggism1T0wAwazzkMjgPM5tWqzq1T_YsM-1739785236-1.0.1.1-w5.1VRKOlTBsIAMTkL3nFliCbe1J0rPyeXF1c2YsM0A",md: "zL1H9vxHsB_GmsTMD5RmEEACzzAMMRjk6eM6qjfJeg8-1739785236-1.2.1.1-F23q4RZZcNgASQXnlPe_zjfOQHTbRz1zcnWRbuNJtJfZi7Rxfy1ZCH1BQ4pTR7RnxUZjSbQ9lqJIAJItcKPedSIBTFUik1M5AbqVtfmlFOMuBY2stTpPcqVlrKgkBUdyq_Sv1KMeXcovxVKiIXA6mwFTiUcm2X4swENbaVCIwQA30rnYq9tLbVPh8_GLjsFKE_aEx3BATWiWmFjLAb6NLFy9wQ22spPPwX_2gjN.xy0I62u2fRqxqg6sLEuvihz8akEkjceaaVgM4Y9OFkyFljR2LyDVlNXUW1gs.TwhKbG5owLBmW5uSIRQdq6jntmmGEAFAvwJPurpAQhGKUkkhF70EIgfVaeLp.2EQsAIenc856kpBs3QjoMICNbWYUSEw7WhxMyApZkvGOgMfdl9EVCuCJ6ZMKC1oHvjTLe7B.xz22eufmvTI9ocAbmgn24.5pJA686w8YCrR0uICfm9IQNskAhKPlzISTFjuEShVopRVPgTOvJWRKgPQTROcNHsDWXKxS4jztUvqd8hEpqvxOXiVaaRWU9TuBVhi0MylbdOlmnHsM5kHW9ncaahJhozKCesRHnCV94TRt2Q1rkTJ00SjA7lF_w6Mh69rk3tdoqpKCpQeanrIGV72P3GN5v.dBax.VSzXsNJhNQZhRJwBRt1nN0aANduqJ1Fk7H7RWPm58pFhzn764XDrfx8_DNlAoLgDJqhkGRmlALG.Xp49s76_OQl9SggnatRfE7Nvtd_DjXuwl9Og2JtOiSLAXJ0IcE3ayZIluJO4xnsyoyAoTIcSDVoNNV5DGwa5ortAgpzN2pT2iqUejOwEC0XbG51Fkyk9fb.bbd7LDSiMgVnEkv9t6.gnIhloi4oKFrbBnpuYnpMLfs4qQtrOr5XZJmlB._y4VUXKCl0jIBHxRZa3ZbrhNVHjSgYcB8ygqglXzlOyOtzdThXx9hJ9gVeHVAcOLaHxR5u.5xViQBJOYg.oILwpof13VZYnaqySIIzZQafXToPibwymIpax8twzdNqDhEN8rG5SEpQcBej81kSGxkZQxOpSprAZ6tPAXqAHmZAVPNXNrYmrz0lPTMI6surj23WM9KzSD6H7M9e60..ObJUX9psAHbckgVRyv4bsL6hoykvXLkWPuIq189FoMgfitw6a0nh5XIppIujnfkSimHy6O0RY7jZouvCqyB4anoVuBYKFuf35FyR84J2HNbtb6x_bRSVkb17TsYDT194WpjJOWPidPfTiXcOZ476eT0S0JkLATT_PuY95LswL9Nh0J5JwxaaRoijoa4Fzl1lOYeo8RBqfEXHO2DmPFrggu89eCH9k3hS5DkWfa9RHp1z4DLBLrCPHckxlhqQmnEVH3SSpudfYAjs1QK_sBrAOukdlEUwruAbEHTpDpx2VUZMpYotdqHvhVHnX6j.AXVjJ5Vl_1OvdHFOZd68lSZdvjPuZhp4HDDbCXqVaAv.LL7YpA1DY5HogKIWWjpbUnHsnZ7f3M.JivNujnl7Uku1uiRmMVPINvxAjygps_j_gWKRFGyuiZTjjQGxxNXaVK4veZGdVRSph3EXXqp2aDdunLzi24_yu2drhZguY21M.KaXLhNEX6Hld_C0jDq9dEzw0G8fAb4jUdLHhZ2Jr_M2aaRSTRUrZd3_lQk01KxdzZtChOBJdqSm0_sxpRKPqb.Z4sdfcMFfIlK.CxtcH.vr3jyd4uwI2S8Nw..TxlV9sj4ZBa2OkTxYeB2Z01pfHBk9.S72VI6lmAdgydSdf2fE4zULAKpYjl_a4N4ejzIh87EKn9GlEfTeUpkj10qYM_95bBRTGdiB6KmJ4mlELDb1DtsyN6oSZz.ffELZsY7R8J2yBZfexU2VkM9v6JDEPieunXKTKBD0XgYV5UnTb85P0d59hFsgznJEDmt.pWMI6s6lx0GmWrCQS1T8VbUuxDOt5Q",mdrd: "rTNmCj0IQz4aNArn08sjoo.iQf6.apN_dHc_GmTiOQY-1739785236-1.2.1.1-EXFnwuup8ldKqpwWi2Am_VWLyKs5lWjT4aUyseiUlVkINWIwigQwOrkJlPShn6wRhcu56tIZ9bM5VP_4FpM9_vYI2MNk7otB4OMHkXZgZqOvgQeCtG7QL7g8Q9FULbgu5F0ZLdkcThFZv6i1e7tRNvGkmWkkudKNhzjpVhRY5V3q62KtcyTzntxn39UBBJmma32auZUPdeIeGxZ3aH7WHtlloPZEp6c3iQV_oYG0wK3HFYyBvWpAn2hNx6aovAOsVI4Mu4z_acG2lADYnH6.8O7xroi3xwa9KDdAOIz4qiw0q.dQ3oKt5qgo1IoET9qAFtbJ3JipurOJ9iUBJkjwmbLob35HUPxtuWsHw_.7RZSVyGh2SKhTbCNUQnjfltv2DEXVQYesRGs.XdtpYBEmdtZW3uHiWCXi0Nb_Z1gjnJ.3Jedyp96nXbZDBn0b1lqLKSQBjYwQwdmA_awEn.KyFEN_gS2GdcEsp5YKcdGuEnpLw5aH436wtWcyepjdLREWuAI_JVIjP.RXrN9KTQdywdF5GdM.5g7x7DRO08aUNFJWWrn06fiSSdCYJvxA71.4yYoNRqJNfCVdouilMoRWlw4ShQ2b8G_2oRBdNrRxcwRXKFYPxvPW50_q4jr4UdCgPp42vX.FpxYVLbZ1azI9e07Coc48GXxijQIiSaJg8Qp9tziZeSaA2OmpCPiwkZZ_JAc68TIJGkKkqzxM3ZI9FnQ1sRVK4iCjKCcpzWYvR3Uc1NZrDOoPgeHjJXKWv2U3EDJw8rchro.QLqmtDOuekU06IMs4QIZYy0loS8.V9NtWXAOp0.P5_Ma6X0mIqImSmjLGdqxgpBpmF51S7gVSHPaO_P8wCLhAo8e8Mm1RsXhuSIf6sJQ1XKJ8c2Pe3ZR4ePO4VcovxjIsj6ujId_qX.qB3XDsWj9q9DeyaMWJnimP8joiqxQWZ19bSjAv8_MahdrtVf2LSv7ILbqOzIANBIU1TbF2OkRQQATz3f3lTfwRadRdTFoUa_DHGIcoNn40CXRrY1vGAj_ckTTow1.zHkF6ZpSK4iMVdcrQfc4rtl_K9x8q5oqalJg3VP5fbEQU3rFHEWOfRPbybP54weAMq4xCz.C_3N_6Liue9H2FrygrrO2OACmxBnrtzXOi__ktHITAqrSZaY3s9FG2_va4i6CwJ9anhZUYsIB4Zbpi0jKE7nzGkwkOIKJCIzCX3AJ9vGHR8fJyLp1jMHzm1pRtYUCaoMtnFj.hy0hYqdXE2Bm4.UfVi_0uYDYqiJTPCI68BzyCBP7rVLVT.PDVjLO0mXhecwkMsXE0iCxn_tHb4nnsxSGHFHDB3KGL_EOwyCjIIrK07Q3UKGIciKO89JKtaHVLE8ehSXdA99mF2y3nImvkCVb3LCucVLsiyJV9afJvHg.TPMW2azUmV28dDOmQFTxiecDvhITv8vRXXDq95qBrgDC5bweYakximpo5cEURtuWBIA4_YSGOaJqskV17WSBiXnJS6_4QK8Jp.YUlBSGGXBDlKqjdaZlK9ADncuMvk.SrYDKWgzPMxOzf_zVTzWGIPkE7Bdnh0OV6FTYuCRHtgLuP0TVDGlGkqyKANUrIqbfom.M1wAhWjnU4qU5rCF0NeYz1QugUbeJpPOls.Y8cSSIOmBvo2LAMTi6vMPN6NRuEXjE6Xz9e2HmFRXSuWNaVyKRGbnPYQ3feDORQY1nkbgXT.bKxGIelQUwHR3q5DC8R9ntZneEIBuBjzxG1VeizmFUTl7DiH21oj17ubtjkAoClmMyeVrq0EYDOpV7bilnK27Bz2rYuWueYaqoUCWlOtCNVQgb9Pueb76STOvySxvBcew1e6r4lytb.rIEO7q_45InEYSy8Da6SsCcUruQUdXJLqjgGTWXCF.1VBMJgWANzkrFXiKToSDzlN7m2f.xyTgtDRkMd6fxtrpJFXH5hwNnHld3vKAItPRgr9jUCVbZRjeS2OsAlTNFZvTfK"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134d1217877fd36';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Hao%20Che&__cf_chl_rt_tk=dWFvQyxTg45Ggism1T0wAwazzkMjgPM5tWqzq1T_YsM-1739785236-1.0.1.1-w5.1VRKOlTBsIAMTkL3nFliCbe1J0rPyeXF1c2YsM0A" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>