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class="post-57376 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-chimico-farmaceutico tag-titolatore-karl-fischer tag-titolazione tag-titolazione-automatica tag-titolazione-coulometrica" id="post-57376"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="titoloSingoloArticolo">La titolazione automatica</h1>  <div class="dataBox"> <span class="dataArticolo">21 Novembre 2024</span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="imgArticoloBox"><img width="640" height="370" src="https://www.labworld.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/exacta.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.labworld.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/exacta.png 744w, https://www.labworld.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/exacta-300x173.png 300w, https://www.labworld.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/exacta-150x87.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /></div> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><em><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.labworld.it/aziende/exacta-labcenter-spa/">Exacta Labcenter</a></span> ha la soluzione giusta per ogni tipo di titolazione.</strong></em></h2> <p> </p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Titolazione Potenziometrica</b></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">La titolazione potenziometrica è un’analisi quantitativa che consente di determinare la concentrazione esatta di una specifica sostanza in soluzione (analita), ed è basata sulla reazione stechiometrica tra l’analita ed un’altra soluzione a concentrazione nota (titolante), che deve essere aggiunta al campione da analizzare. </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Ad esempio, la determinazione dell’acido acetico nell’aceto è possibile facendo reagire stechiometricamente l’acido acetico (analita) con la soda (titolante):</span></p> <p><b style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" class=" wp-image-57427 alignright" src="https://www.labworld.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Potenziometrico-KEM.png" alt="" width="198" height="295" /></b></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">CH3COOH + NaOH = CH3COONa + H2O</span></p> <p> </p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Il titolante dovrà essere aggiunto all’analita fino a completamento della reazione e dovrà perciò essere possibile “osservare” la fine della reazione tramite metodo appropriato, ad esempio “otticamente” (valutando il cambio di colore grazie ad un indicatore chimico aggiunto al campione), oppure “potenziometricamente” (valutando la variazione di potenziale elettrochimico nel corso della titolazione tramite apposito elettrodo o sensore).</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Una titolazione tra analita e titolante, perchè possa essere realizzata, dovrà essere veloce, completa, univoca, osservabile.</span></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><b><img decoding="async" class=" wp-image-57428 alignleft" src="https://www.labworld.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Volumetrico-MKV-710.png" alt="" width="241" height="418" />Titolazione Karl Fischer Volumetrica</b></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nella reazione volumetrica di Karl Fischer, l’acqua contenuta nel campione da analizzare reagisce quantitativamente con il reattivo di Karl Fischer e l’analisi si basa sulla seguente reazione:</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">I2 + SO2 + 3 Base + ROH + H2O → 2 Base • HI + Base • HSO4R</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Il solvente di estrazione immesso nella cella di reazione viene inizialmente “pre-titolato” con il reattivo di Karl Fischer allo scopo di eliminare l’acqua in esso contenuta. A tale solvente dovrà poi essere aggiunta una quantità nota di campione da analizzare. Il contenuto di acqua nel campione verrà quindi determinato tramite titolazione a punto finale (il quale viene rilevato dall’elettrodo doppio platino di cui l’apparecchio è dotato), ed i ml di reagente Karl Fischer consumati (titolante) saranno utilizzati dallo strumento per effettuare il calcolo direttamente in concentrazione (es. %, ppm). È importante che il reattivo di Karl Fischer abbia un fattore certo che viene determinato titolando uno standard avente contenuto noto di acqua.</span></p> <p> </p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Titolazione Karl Fischer Coulometrica</b></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">La titolazione coulometrica è la più idonea per l’analisi di campioni aventi bassissimi contenuti d’acqua poiché permette di valutarne con precisione la quantità da un minimo di 10 ug fino a circa il 5% (limite massimo consigliato). Nella reazione di Karl Fischer l’acqua reagisce con lo iodio e l’anidride solforosa in ambiente alcalino ed in presenza di alcol.</span></p> <p><b style="text-align: justify;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" wp-image-57429 alignright" src="https://www.labworld.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Coulometrico-MKC710S.png" alt="" width="267" height="223" /></b></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">H2O + I2 + SO2 + CH3OH + 3RN → (RNH)SO4CH3 + 2(RNH)I (1)</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nella titolazione volumetrica lo iodio è aggiunto come soluzione titolante, mentre con la tecnica coulometrica lo iodio è generato elettroliticamente nell’anolita, che contiene ioduro.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">2I- → I2 +2e- (2)</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fino a quando sarà presente l’acqua, nella cella di reazione lo iodio generato reagirà in accordo alla formula (1). Quando tutta l’acqua avrà reagito, si formerà un eccesso di iodio nell’anolita che verrà rilevato dall’elettrodo doppio Pt e la produzione di iodio cesserà. In accordo alla legge di Farady, la quantità di iodio prodotta sarà proporzionale alla corrente generata. Nell’ equazione (1) I2 e H2O reagiscono in proporzione 1:1.</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Una mole d’acqua (18 g) è equivalente a 2×96.500 coulombs o 10,72 coulombs/1 mg H2O. La quantità totale di acqua contenuta nel campione potrà perciò essere determinata misurando il consumo totale di corrente generata nel corso dell’analisi.</span></p> <p><center></center> </p> <p> </p> <p style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:45px;"> <span style="color: #fff; padding: 10px 25px; background: #002855; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; font-weight: 600;"><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #fff; font: 'Arial';" href="http://www.labworld.it/?post_type=aziende&p=13304">Scheda azienda</a></span></p> <div class="testoRiproduzione">© Riproduzione riservata</div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Pubblicato in <a href="https://www.labworld.it/category/chimico-farmaceutico/" rel="category tag">Chimico Farmaceutico</a></span><span class="tags-links">Etichettato <a href="https://www.labworld.it/tag/titolatore-karl-fischer/" rel="tag">titolatore Karl Fischer</a>, <a href="https://www.labworld.it/tag/titolazione/" rel="tag">titolazione</a>, <a 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