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id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Help:Introduction to referencing/4</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">< <a href="/web/20150410130253/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing" title="Help:Introduction to referencing">Help:Introduction to referencing</a></span></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div style="max-width: 1100px; margin:auto;"> <table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid black; -moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 2px #CCC; -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 2px #CCC; box-shadow: 2px 2px 2px #CCC;"> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width: 22em; padding: 0; border-right: 1px solid #c9c9c9; vertical-align: top;"> <p><br/></p> <div class="help-intro-sidetab" style="min-height: 5em; height: auto !important; height: 5em; padding: 0.6em 1em 0.6em 2em;"> <p><a href="/web/20150410130253/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/1"><span class="help-intro-sidetab-title" style="font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: bold;">Verifiability</span></a><br/> <span class="help-intro-sidetab-subtitle">Why references are important</span></p> </div> <div class="help-intro-sidetab" style="min-height: 5em; height: auto !important; height: 5em; padding: 0.6em 1em 0.6em 2em;"> <p><a href="/web/20150410130253/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/2" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/2"><span class="help-intro-sidetab-title" style="font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: bold;">Inline citations</span></a><br/> <span class="help-intro-sidetab-subtitle">How to add them</span></p> </div> <div class="help-intro-sidetab" style="min-height: 5em; height: auto !important; height: 5em; padding: 0.6em 1em 0.6em 2em;"> <p><a href="/web/20150410130253/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/3" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/3"><span class="help-intro-sidetab-title" style="font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: bold;">RefToolbar</span></a><br/> <span class="help-intro-sidetab-subtitle">Citations the easy way</span></p> </div> <div class="help-intro-sidetab help-intro-sidetab-active" style="min-height: 5em; height: auto !important; height: 5em; border-left: 1em solid #3366bb; padding: 0.6em 1em 0.6em 1em;"> <p><strong class="selflink"><span class="help-intro-sidetab-title" style="font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: bold;">Reliable sources</span></strong><br/> <span class="help-intro-sidetab-subtitle">Which sources are good enough?</span></p> </div> <div class="help-intro-sidetab" style="min-height: 5em; height: auto !important; height: 5em; padding: 0.6em 1em 0.6em 2em;"> <p><a href="/web/20150410130253/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/5" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/5"><span class="help-intro-sidetab-title" style="font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: bold;">Summary</span></a><br/> <span class="help-intro-sidetab-subtitle">Review of what you've learned</span></p> </div> <p><br/></p> </td> <td style="padding: 2em;"> <div style="position:relative;top:-3em"><span id="WP:INTREF4"></span></div> <table class="shortcutbox noprint" style="float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#fff;margin:.3em .3em .3em 1em;padding:3px;text-align:center"> <tr> <th class="plainlist" style="border:none;background:transparent"><small><a href="/web/20150410130253/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a>:</small> <ul> <li><small><a href="/web/20150410130253/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:INTREF4" title="Wikipedia:INTREF4" class="mw-redirect">WP:INTREF4</a></small></li> </ul> </th> </tr> </table> <div class="floatleft"><a href="/web/20150410130253/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="Question book-new.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150410130253im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="100" height="78" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150410130253im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/150px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150410130253im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/200px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204"/></a></div> <p>Now you know <i>how</i> to add sources to an article, but <i>which</i> sources should you use? Wikipedia articles require <b>reliable, published sources</b> that directly support the information presented in the article.</p> <p>The word "source" in Wikipedia has three meanings: the work itself (for example, a document, article, paper, or book), the creator of the work (for example, the writer), and the publisher of the work (for example, Cambridge University Press). All three can affect reliability.</p> <p>As a general rule, the more people engaged in checking facts, analyzing legal issues, and scrutinizing the writing of a publication, the more reliable it is. Academic and peer-reviewed publications are usually the most reliable sources. Other reliable sources include university textbooks, books published by respected publishing houses, magazines, journals, and mainstream newspapers. (<small>Be aware that some news organisations and magazines, such as CNN's <a href="/web/20150410130253/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IReport" title="IReport">iReport</a>, host "blogs" and user-written articles on their websites. These may be reliable if they are written by the publisher's professional writers, but posts by readers are not usually considered reliable sources.</small>)</p> <p><b>Self-published media</b>, where the author and publisher are the same, such as books, patents, newsletters, personal websites, open wikis, personal or group blogs and tweets, are largely <b>not</b> acceptable as sources. However, if an author is an established expert with a previous record of third-party publications on a topic, their self-published work <i>may</i> be considered reliable for that topic, though third-party publications are still preferable.</p> <p>Whether a source is usable also depends on context. Bear in mind that sources that are reliable for some material are not reliable for other material. You should always try to find the best possible source for the information you have. For information about <b>living people</b>, only the most reliable sources should be used. On the other hand, self-published sources can <i>sometimes</i> be used as sources of information about themselves.</p> <p>These are general guidelines, but the topic of reliable sources is a complicated one which it is impossible to fully cover here. You can find more information at <a href="/web/20150410130253/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Wikipedia:Verifiability</a> and at <a href="/web/20150410130253/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources</a>.</p> <div style="float: right;" class="help-intro-next"><a href="/web/20150410130253/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/5" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/5"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-primary">Next >></span></a></div> </td> </tr> </table> </div>    <noscript><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20150410130253im_/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"/></noscript></div> <div class="printfooter"> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150410130253/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Introduction_to_referencing/4&oldid=652098352">http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Introduction_to_referencing/4&oldid=652098352</a>" </div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/web/20150410130253/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/web/20150410130253/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_quick_introductions" title="Category:Wikipedia quick introductions">Wikipedia quick introductions</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="visualClear"></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <div id="p-personal" role="navigation" class="" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label"> <h3 id="p-personal-label">Personal tools</h3> <ul> <li id="pt-createaccount"><a href="/web/20150410130253/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Help%3AIntroduction+to+referencing%2F4&type=signup" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory">Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login"><a href="/web/20150410130253/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Help%3AIntroduction+to+referencing%2F4" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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