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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-League_origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#League_origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>League origins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-League_origins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle League origins subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-League_origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_of_early_professional_football_in_California" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_early_professional_football_in_California"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>History of early professional football in California</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_early_professional_football_in_California-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pacific_Coast_League_(1926)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pacific_Coast_League_(1926)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Pacific Coast League (1926)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pacific_Coast_League_(1926)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-California_Winter_League_(1927–1928)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#California_Winter_League_(1927–1928)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>California Winter League (1927–1928)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-California_Winter_League_(1927–1928)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_Legion_League_(1934–1935)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Legion_League_(1934–1935)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>American Legion League (1934–1935)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Legion_League_(1934–1935)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Los_Angeles_Bulldogs_and_the_formation_of_the_Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Los_Angeles_Bulldogs_and_the_formation_of_the_Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>The Los Angeles Bulldogs and the formation of the Pacific Coast Professional Football League</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Los_Angeles_Bulldogs_and_the_formation_of_the_Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-California_Football_League_(1938)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#California_Football_League_(1938)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>California Football League (1938)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-California_Football_League_(1938)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_Professional_Football_Association_(1939)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Professional_Football_Association_(1939)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>American Professional Football Association (1939)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Professional_Football_Association_(1939)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1940" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1940"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1940</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1940-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1941" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1941"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1941</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1941-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1942" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1942"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>1942</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1942-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1943" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1943"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>1943</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1943-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1944" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1944"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>1944</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1944-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>1945</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1946" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1946"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>1946</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1946-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1947" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1947"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>1947</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1947-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1948_and_the_demise_of_the_PCPFL" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1948_and_the_demise_of_the_PCPFL"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>1948 and the demise of the PCPFL</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1948_and_the_demise_of_the_PCPFL-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Successor_leagues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Successor_leagues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Successor leagues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Successor_leagues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Successor leagues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Successor_leagues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pacific_Football_Conference_(1957–1958)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pacific_Football_Conference_(1957–1958)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Pacific Football Conference (1957–1958)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pacific_Football_Conference_(1957–1958)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1957" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1957"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>1957</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1957-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1958" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1958"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>1958</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1958-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Pacific_Football_League_(1963–1966)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Pacific_Football_League_(1963–1966)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>North Pacific Football League (1963–1966)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Pacific_Football_League_(1963–1966)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-California_Football_League_(1974–1982;_1984)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#California_Football_League_(1974–1982;_1984)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>California Football League (1974–1982; 1984)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-California_Football_League_(1974–1982;_1984)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Teams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Professional American football league based in California</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Pacific Coast Professional Football League</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><b>Most recent season or competition:</b><br /><i>1948</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Sport</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1940</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">First season</th><td class="infobox-data">1940</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Ceased</th><td class="infobox-data">1948</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Claim to fame</th><td class="infobox-data">Top level football league on US west coast prior to 1946</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">No. of teams</th><td class="infobox-data">4 (1941, 1942, 1948) to 9 (1946)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Pacific Coast Professional Football League</b> (<b>PCPFL</b>), also known as the <b>Pacific Coast Football League</b> (<b>PCFL</b>) and <b>Pacific Coast League</b> (<b>PCL</b>) was a professional <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> <a href="/wiki/Minor_league_football_(gridiron)" title="Minor league football (gridiron)">minor league</a> based in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. It operated from 1940 through 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCPFL:_1940-45-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the few minor American professional sports leagues that competed in the years of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the PCPFL was regarded as a <a href="/wiki/Minor_league" title="Minor league">minor league</a> of the highest level, particularly from 1940 to 1945, at a time in which the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL) did not extend further west than <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Green Bay, Wisconsin">Green Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCPFL:_1940-45-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also the first professional football league to have a team based in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> (the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_Warriors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hawaiian Warriors (page does not exist)">Hawaiian Warriors</a>). </p><p>Formed from the wreckage of a failed California Pro Football League, the PCPFL showcased the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Bulldogs" title="Los Angeles Bulldogs">Los Angeles Bulldogs</a> and the Hollywood Bears.<sup id="cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCPFL:_1940-45-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The league became the “home” of <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> football stars (including <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Washington_(American_football)" title="Kenny Washington (American football)">Kenny Washington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woody_Strode" title="Woody Strode">Woody Strode</a>, and, briefly, <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a>) as the NFL had developed and enforced a <a href="/wiki/Color_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Color barrier">color barrier</a> in 1934 and extended until 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCPFL:_1940-45-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After reaching a peak in 1945, the importance and popularity of the PCPFL declined rapidly in the post-World War years as the NFL's <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Rams" title="Los Angeles Rams">Los Angeles Rams</a> and the <a href="/wiki/All-America_Football_Conference" title="All-America Football Conference">All-America Football Conference</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dons" title="Los Angeles Dons">Los Angeles Dons</a> established a major league presence with games in the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum" title="Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum">Coliseum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCPFL:_1940-45-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_End_of_the_PCPFL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resulting competition was devastating to the PCPFL: teams averaging over 10,000 spectators per game in 1944 and 1945 and 1,000 by 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_End_of_the_PCPFL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1948, the PCPFL folded. The Los Angeles Bulldogs, the only league member to have participated in every season of the league's existence, was in such financial straits that they did not play the last two scheduled games in 1948, and the Hollywood Bears had become a <a href="/wiki/Traveling_team" title="Traveling team">traveling team</a> in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_End_of_the_PCPFL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="League_origins">League origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: League origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_early_professional_football_in_California">History of early professional football in California</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History of early professional football in California"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to 1936, the history of professional football in California was not a hopeful one. While there were two “major league <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> teams” in 1926 (the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Buccaneers" title="Los Angeles Buccaneers">Buccaneers</a> of the NFL and the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Wildcats_(AFL)" title="Los Angeles Wildcats (AFL)">Los Angeles Wildcats</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1926)" title="American Football League (1926)">first American Football League</a>), both were actually <a href="/wiki/Traveling_team" title="Traveling team">traveling teams</a> (the Buccaneers were based in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, the Wildcats in <a href="/wiki/Moline,_Illinois" title="Moline, Illinois">Moline, Illinois</a>) that lasted only one season, but several NFL and AFL teams would also play exhibition contests in the West, sometimes with other NFL or AFL teams, but also against some of the local <a href="/wiki/Semi-professional" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-professional">semi-pro</a> teams in the region, in the following year or two.<sup id="cite_ref-profootballresearchers.org_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profootballresearchers.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pacific_Coast_League_(1926)"><span id="Pacific_Coast_League_.281926.29"></span>Pacific Coast League (1926)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pacific Coast League (1926)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the wake of two <a href="/wiki/Barnstorm_(sports)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barnstorm (sports)">barnstorming</a> tours by <a href="/wiki/Red_Grange" title="Red Grange">Red Grange</a> (the latter of which also featured the Buccaneers and Wildcats) a league was formed in 1926 and called the <b>Pacific Coast League</b>, but it lasted only one season after drawing an average of 3,500 fans a game.<sup id="cite_ref-Other_Minor_Leagues_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Other_Minor_Leagues-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>W</th> <th>L</th> <th>T</th> <th>Pct.</th> <th>PF</th> <th>PA </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Hollywood Generals </td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1.000</td> <td>63</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Oakland Oaks </td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>.600</td> <td>36</td> <td>33 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">San Francisco Tigers </td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>.250</td> <td>53</td> <td>35 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Fresno Wine Crushers </td> <td>0</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>.000</td> <td>9</td> <td>90 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="California_Winter_League_(1927–1928)"><span id="California_Winter_League_.281927.E2.80.931928.29"></span>California Winter League (1927–1928)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: California Winter League (1927–1928)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With an aim to mimic Grange tour success, in January 1927 the Galloping Ghost <a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1926)" title="American Football League (1926)">AFL's</a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees_(NFL)" title="New York Yankees (NFL)">Yankees</a> joined by another AFL team - the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Wildcats_(AFL)" title="Los Angeles Wildcats (AFL)">Los Angeles Wildcats</a> and together with the <a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Duluth_Eskimos" title="Duluth Eskimos">Duluth Eskimos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Buccaneers" title="Los Angeles Buccaneers">Los Angeles Buccaneers</a> formed the California winter league, following the end of the fall NFL & AFL seasons. The teams also schaduled game against the PCL <i>Hollywood Generals</i> and the <i>California All-Stars</i> (amalgamation of the Oakland Oaks and San Francisco Tigers).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first major league to operate in the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a>. </p><p>The best team in both seasons was the Los Angeles Wildcats, dubbed <i><a href="/wiki/Wildcat_Wilson" title="Wildcat Wilson">Wilson’s Wildcats</a></i> by the press and included a few <a href="/wiki/Providence_Steam_Roller" class="mw-redirect" title="Providence Steam Roller">Providence Steam Roller</a> players plus a collection of West Coast stars, was not chosen to play in the champion series, as they did not drew well enough. Instead, <i>Grange’s Yankees</i> played against the Buccaneers (known as <i><a href="/wiki/Brick_Muller" class="mw-redirect" title="Brick Muller">Brick Muller</a>'s Buccaneers</i>), winning the first one 14-0 and losing the second one 6-7. The Eskimos finished last, and were known as <i>Nevers-Imlay Giants</i> after getting reinforcement from West Coast colleges (including <a href="/wiki/Tut_Imlay" title="Tut Imlay">Tut Imlay</a>). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>1927 California Winter League standings </caption> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#efefef"> <th>Team</th> <th>W</th> <th>L</th> <th>T</th> <th>Pct.</th> <th>PF</th> <th>PA </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Wilson’s Wildcats </td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1.000</td> <td>45</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Muller's Buccaneers </td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>.600</td> <td>56</td> <td>43 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Grange’s Yankees </td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>.500</td> <td>45</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Nevers-Imlay Giants </td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>.400</td> <td>39</td> <td>37 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>For the 1928 season, the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Bulldogs" title="Cleveland Bulldogs">Cleveland Bulldogs</a> (known as <i><a href="/wiki/Benny_Friedman" title="Benny Friedman">Benny Friedman</a>'s Bulldogs</i>) replaced the Buccaneers, which lost to the Yankees 6-13 in the 1928 championship game. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>1928 California Winter League standings </caption> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#efefef"> <th>Team</th> <th>W</th> <th>L</th> <th>T</th> <th>Pct.</th> <th>PF</th> <th>PA </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Wilson’s Wildcats </td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>.667</td> <td>45</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Grange’s Yankees </td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>.600</td> <td>42</td> <td>39 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Friedman's Bulldogs </td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>.500</td> <td>38</td> <td>34 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Nevers-Imlay Giants </td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>.000</td> <td>19</td> <td>33 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The league folded after decline in attendance in the second year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="American_Legion_League_(1934–1935)"><span id="American_Legion_League_.281934.E2.80.931935.29"></span>American Legion League (1934–1935)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: American Legion League (1934–1935)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1934, four teams from the Los Angeles area and two from San Francisco formed another Pacific Coast League. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center"> <caption>1934 Pacific Coast League standings </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Team </th> <th>Wins </th> <th>Losses </th> <th>Ties </th> <th>% </th> <th>PF </th> <th>PA </th></tr> <tr> <td>California Giants</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1.000</td> <td>41</td> <td>28 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Southern California Maroons</td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>.833</td> <td>79</td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Westwood Cubs</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>.500</td> <td>68</td> <td>58 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stanford Braves</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>.500</td> <td>37</td> <td>33 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Del Rey Shamrocks</td> <td>0</td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>.125</td> <td>33</td> <td>68 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moraga Wolves</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>.000</td> <td>14</td> <td>28 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>When the two San Francisco teams withdrew from the league after the 1934 season, the four L.A. teams continued to compete in 1935 as the <b>American Legion League</b> (some called it the American Legion Football League, or ALFL). It folded after one season under the new name.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tod_Maher_1984_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tod_Maher_1984-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center"> <caption>1935 American Legion League standings </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Team </th> <th>Wins </th> <th>Losses </th> <th>Ties </th> <th>% </th> <th>PF </th> <th>PA </th></tr> <tr> <td>Westwood Cubs</td> <td>5</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>.688</td> <td>94</td> <td>51 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Los Angeles Maroons</td> <td>4</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>.643</td> <td>74</td> <td>68 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hollywood Braves</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>.400</td> <td>48</td> <td>50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>California Shamrocks</td> <td>0</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>.000</td> <td>3</td> <td>50 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>After the season, Westwood played an exhibition game against the 1935 NFL Champions, the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Lions" title="Detroit Lions">Detroit Lions</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Gilmore_Stadium" title="Gilmore Stadium">Gilmore Stadium</a> in Los Angeles before 16,000 fans: the Lions beat the Cubs in a rout, 67-14. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Los_Angeles_Bulldogs_and_the_formation_of_the_Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League">The Los Angeles Bulldogs and the formation of the Pacific Coast Professional Football League</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The Los Angeles Bulldogs and the formation of the Pacific Coast Professional Football League"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1930s proved to be a boon for professional football leagues in the United States (the NFL grew in popularity even in light of competition of the <a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1936)" title="American Football League (1936)">second AFL</a> in 1936 and 1937), but it was a “golden age” for minor league football. The year 1936 also marked the first year of the <a href="/wiki/Dixie_League_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixie League (football)">Dixie League</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_South" class="mw-redirect" title="American South">American South</a> (the DL lasted until the fall of 1947), the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Association (football)">American Association</a> (which changed its name to the <a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1946)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Football League (1946)">American Football League</a> in 1946 and lasted until 1950)<sup id="cite_ref-Other_Minor_Leagues_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Other_Minor_Leagues-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ... and a team that formed for the expressed purpose of joining the National Football League, but was passed over in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Rams" title="Cleveland Rams">Cleveland Rams</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Bulldogs" title="Los Angeles Bulldogs">Los Angeles Bulldogs</a>. </p><p>Owned by the local chapter of the <a href="/wiki/American_Legion" title="American Legion">American Legion</a>, managed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Myers_(American_football)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Myers (American football) (page does not exist)">Harry Myers</a>, and coached by <a href="/wiki/Gus_Henderson" title="Gus Henderson">Gus Henderson</a>, the fledgling Bulldogs played all the games in its inaugural season in <a href="/wiki/Gilmore_Stadium" title="Gilmore Stadium">Gilmore Stadium</a>, playing local teams like the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salinas_Iceberg_Packers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salinas Iceberg Packers (page does not exist)">Salinas Packers</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Hollywood Stars, but also the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles" title="Philadelphia Eagles">Philadelphia Eagles</a> (won, 10–7), <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh Pirates (football)">Pittsburgh Pirates</a> (won, 21–7), <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cardinals" title="Chicago Cardinals">Chicago Cardinals</a> (won, 13–10), <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Dodgers_(NFL)" title="Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL)">Brooklyn Dodgers</a> (tied, 13–13), <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bears" title="Chicago Bears">Chicago Bears</a> (lost, 7–0), and <a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers" title="Green Bay Packers">Green Bay Packers</a> (lost, 49–0). In their six games against the NFL, the Bulldogs compiled a 3–2–1 record while having a 6–3–1 season overall. </p><p>Myers was confident of receiving an NFL franchise in the 1937 league owners meeting, but after seeing presentations from Houston, Cleveland, and Los Angeles, the owners offered the franchise to Cleveland, then a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1936)" title="American Football League (1936)">second American Football League</a>. The Bulldogs were invited to replace the Rams in the fledgling league, and proceeded with the first perfect season in major league professional football: eight wins in AFL games (and the only AFL team with a winning record in the 1937 season), 18 wins including exhibition games, no losses, no ties.<sup id="cite_ref-Tod_Maher_1984_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tod_Maher_1984-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not even the Miami Dolphins, who lost an exhibition game immediately prior to their "perfect" 1972 season, can make the claim. The Bulldogs' complete dominance of the league exacerbated the financial difficulties of the AFL to the point that the league was forced to fold after the end of the 1937 season. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="California_Football_League_(1938)"><span id="California_Football_League_.281938.29"></span>California Football League (1938)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: California Football League (1938)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another attempt at a league in California in 1936 barely got off the ground. One of the teams, the Hollywood Stars, was sold to <a href="/wiki/Paul_Schissler" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Schissler">Paul Schissler</a>, who coached the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cardinals" title="Chicago Cardinals">Chicago Cardinals</a> (1933–34) and <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Dodgers_(NFL)" title="Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL)">Brooklyn Dodgers</a> (1935–36) of the NFL. Schissler planned yet another league, this one to showcase the Bulldogs and his Stars. Myers declined the invitation to join the new California and opted for a season in which the Bulldogs were an independent team (as was the case for another “survivor” of the second AFL, the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Bengals_(AFL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati Bengals (AFL)">Cincinnati Bengals</a>). </p><p>The 1938 league started with teams in Stockton, Fresno and Oakland, in addition to Hollywood and Salinas. The CFL had little importance without the Bulldogs and it cancelled after one season, without an attempt to crown a champion.<sup id="cite_ref-Tod_Maher_1984_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tod_Maher_1984-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>W</th> <th>L</th> <th>T</th> <th>Pct.</th> <th>PF</th> <th>PA </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Stockton Shippers </td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1.000</td> <td>39</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Hollywood Stars </td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>.800</td> <td>103</td> <td>39 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Salinas Iceberg Packers<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>.400</td> <td>89</td> <td>78 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Fresno Wine Crushers </td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>.285</td> <td>51</td> <td>90 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Oakland Cardinals </td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>.000</td> <td>6</td> <td>78 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Los Angeles Bulldogs finished the season with a 11-2-2 record, including 5-0 record against CFL members.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="American_Professional_Football_Association_(1939)"><span id="American_Professional_Football_Association_.281939.29"></span>American Professional Football Association (1939)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: American Professional Football Association (1939)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Midwest_Football_League_(1935%E2%80%931940)" title="Midwest Football League (1935–1940)">Midwest Football League (1935–1940)</a></div> <p>After 1938 "independent" season, the Bulldogs joined the Bengals in becoming members of yet another <a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1938)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Football League (1938)">American Football League</a> (which later changed its name to the American Professional Football Association) for the 1939 season. The Bulldogs won the 1939 league title (and had a new owner, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Corcoran" title="Jerry Corcoran">Jerry Corcoran</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-profootballresearchers.org_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profootballresearchers.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and before the end of league play, had already given notice that they would be leaving at the end of the season to become a charter member of the Pacific Coast Professional Football League (the AFL/APFA would subsequently end after yet another <a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1940)" title="American Football League (1940)">AFL</a> signed three APFA member clubs and split the older league). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1940">1940</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1940"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charter members of the 1940 edition of the PCPFL include the Bulldogs, the Hollywood Bears (which Paul Schissler had renamed in honor of his <i><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">alma mater</a></i>, UCLA),<sup id="cite_ref-Tod_Maher_1984_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tod_Maher_1984-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Phoenix Panthers, the Oakland Giants, and the San Diego Bombers<sup id="cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCPFL:_1940-45-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>W</th> <th>L</th> <th>T</th> <th>Pct.</th> <th>PF</th> <th>PA<sup id="cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCPFL:_1940-45-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Bulldogs" title="Los Angeles Bulldogs">Los Angeles Bulldogs</a> </td> <td>7</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>.778</td> <td>212</td> <td>142 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Hollywood Bears </td> <td>6</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>.750</td> <td>145</td> <td>84 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Oakland Giants </td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>.250</td> <td>30</td> <td>65 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Phoenix Panthers </td> <td>0</td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>.000</td> <td>67</td> <td>97 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">San Diego Bombers </td> <td>0</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>.000</td> <td>26</td> <td>92 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Bears' and Bulldogs' losses were to each other (two each). <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Washington_(American_football)" title="Kenny Washington (American football)">Kenny Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Woody_Strode" title="Woody Strode">Woody Strode</a> starred for the Bears after being denied entrance into the NFL due to their race. The Bears also had the leading scorer of the league, former <a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants" title="New York Giants">New York Giant</a> <a href="/wiki/Kink_Richards" title="Kink Richards">Kink Richards</a>. Phoenix and Oakland dropped out at the end of the 1940 season; the San Francisco Bay Packers joined for 1941. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1941">1941</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1941"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>W</th> <th>L</th> <th>T</th> <th>Pct.</th> <th>PF</th> <th>PA<sup id="cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCPFL:_1940-45-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Hollywood Bears </td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1.000</td> <td>167</td> <td>151 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Los Angeles Bulldogs </td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>.500</td> <td>156</td> <td>119 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">San Diego Bombers </td> <td>1</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>.167</td> <td>78</td> <td>147 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">San Francisco Bay Packers </td> <td>1</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>.167</td> <td>23</td> <td>107 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The season was cut short after the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a> (the military was fearing another West Coast attack). Kenny Washington led the Bears to a perfect season, having beaten Los Angeles three times to clinch the title. Washington's <a href="/wiki/UCLA" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA">UCLA</a> teammate <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a> played briefly for the Bulldogs before moving to <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>. <a href="/wiki/Steve_Bagarus" title="Steve Bagarus">Steve Bagarus</a> of San Diego had a 100-yard interception return against the Bears. Kink Richards repeated as the league's high scorer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1942">1942</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1942"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>W</th> <th>L</th> <th>T</th> <th>Pct.</th> <th>PF</th> <th>PA<sup id="cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCPFL:_1940-45-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">San Diego Bombers </td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>.800</td> <td>71</td> <td>28 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">San Francisco Bay Packers </td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>.667</td> <td>32</td> <td>28 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Los Angeles Bulldogs </td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>.500</td> <td>35</td> <td>62 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Hollywood Bears </td> <td>0</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>.000</td> <td>13</td> <td>35 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Unlike the <a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1940)" title="American Football League (1940)">American Football League of 1940</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Association (football)">American Association</a>, both of which suspended operations after 1941, the PCPFL decided to continue play during World War II. Military service, nonetheless, wreaked havoc with the teams' rosters. Bears owner/coach Paul Schlisser left for the war as Kenny Washington was injured most of the abbreviated season. The Bulldogs roster was depleted by the war effort. Members of the PCPFL also played games with two military teams, the March Field Flyers and the Santa Ana Flyers in response to increasing public interest. San Diego's Steve Bagarus became a star with his versatility as his team won the league title and held its own against the March Field Flyers. The Santa Ana Flyers were 5-0 against the league and claimed the “extended PCL championship.”<sup id="cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCPFL:_1940-45-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1943">1943</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1943"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Growing in influence, the PCPFL underwent several changes before the 1943 season. Temporarily gone were the Hollywood Bears as owner Paul Schlisser was still overseas; the Oakland Giants returned after a two-year absence; the Alameda Mustangs, Richmond Boilermakers, and the Los Angeles Mustangs joined the league. </p><p>Controversy ensued when Los Angeles Mustangs owner <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Freelove&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill Freelove (page does not exist)">Bill Freelove</a> raided the roster of <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Corcoran" title="Jerry Corcoran">Jerry Corcoran</a>'s crosstown Bulldogs. When all was said and done, virtually all the members of the 1942 Bulldogs became members of the 1943 Mustangs. While the controversy was raging, Hollywood got a “leave of absence” from the league until the return of Schlisser from <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The former Bears (including former player-coach Kink Richards) became Bulldogs for the 1943 season. Ramifications from Freelove's actions ensued over the next few years.<sup id="cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCPFL:_1940-45-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>W</th> <th>L</th> <th>T</th> <th>Pct.</th> <th>PF</th> <th>PA<sup id="cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCPFL:_1940-45-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">San Diego Bombers </td> <td>7</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>.875</td> <td>214</td> <td>177 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Mustangs" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Mustangs">Los Angeles Mustangs</a> </td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>.500</td> <td>167</td> <td>124 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Oakland Giants </td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>.500</td> <td>118</td> <td>143 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Richmond Boilermakers </td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>.500</td> <td>44</td> <td>41 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Los Angeles Bulldogs </td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>.429</td> <td>119</td> <td>125 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Alameda Mustangs </td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>.250</td> <td>53</td> <td>72 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">San Francisco Bay Packers </td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>.200</td> <td>30</td> <td>123 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Richmond leaves the PCPFL at the end of the season. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1944">1944</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1944"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1944)" title="American Football League (1944)">American Football League (1944)</a></div> <p>The Alameda Mustangs moved to San Jose and became the San Jose Mustangs; the Hollywood Wolves entered the league for 1944; and the membership of the Los Angeles Mustangs was revoked by the team owners to protest owner Bill Freelove's raiding of Jerry Corcoran's Los Angeles Bulldogs roster. Freelove responded by forming a new league, the <b><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1944)" title="American Football League (1944)">American Football League</a></b> (with <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Giesler" title="Jerry Giesler">Jerry Giesler</a> as president). In 1944, an unprecedented five Los Angeles area teams were competing in either of the rival leagues.<sup id="cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCPFL:_1940-45-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>1944 PCPFL Standings</dt></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>W</th> <th>L</th> <th>T</th> <th>Pct.</th> <th>PF</th> <th>PA<sup id="cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCPFL:_1940-45-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">San Diego Bombers </td> <td>9</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1.000</td> <td>335</td> <td>54 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">San Francisco Bay Packers </td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>.571</td> <td>107</td> <td>122 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Oakland Giants </td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>.571</td> <td>46</td> <td>86 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">San Jose Mustangs </td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>.333</td> <td>69</td> <td>109 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Los Angeles Bulldogs </td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>.286</td> <td>105</td> <td>168 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Wolves_(PCPFL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood Wolves (PCPFL)">Hollywood Wolves</a> </td> <td>0</td> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td>.000</td> <td>46</td> <td>169 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Both leagues had undefeated champions (the PCPFL Bombers had won their third consecutive title). </p><p>On December 21, 1944, PCPFL league president <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Rufus_Klawans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Rufus Klawans (page does not exist)">J. Rufus Klawans</a> announced a merger between the two leagues. Immediately afterward, the AFL champion Hollywood Rangers and PCPFL champion San Diego Bombers scheduled two games, one at each team's home, to decide the “unified” Pacific Coast championship. Hollywood swept San Diego, winning 42-7 and 21-10, for the bragging rights.<sup id="cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCPFL:_1940-45-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1945">1945</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1945"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The merger resulted in a “new 1945 PCL” looking remarkably similar to the previous year's edition. The Seattle and Portland AFL teams did not participate in the new league; the AFL champion Hollywood Rangers refused to merge with the Hollywood Bears, which returned after a two-season absence (the Rangers became an independent team in 1945 instead... and then folded after six games). Bill Freelove's Los Angeles Mustangs were refused admittance into the merged league and met the same fate as the Rangers when they tried to play as an independent team in 1945. When the dust of the merger settled, the new PCPFL team lineup was the same as it was in 1944, except with the AFL San Francisco Clippers replacing the Packers and the returning Hollywood Bears replacing the short-lived Wolves of the same locale. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>W</th> <th>L</th> <th>T</th> <th>Pct.</th> <th>PF</th> <th>PA<sup id="cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCPFL:_1940-45-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Hollywood Bears </td> <td>8</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>.800</td> <td>248</td> <td>95 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Oakland Giants </td> <td>7</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>.778</td> <td>151</td> <td>105 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Los Angeles Bulldogs </td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>.500</td> <td>163</td> <td>143 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">San Diego Bombers </td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>.500</td> <td>159</td> <td>126 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">San Francisco Clippers </td> <td>1</td> <td>7</td> <td>0</td> <td>.125</td> <td>47</td> <td>195 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">San Jose Mustangs </td> <td>0</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>.000</td> <td>58</td> <td>162 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>With the end of World War II, more changes were afoot in the newly merged PCPFL. Kenny Washington and Paul Schlisser returned to the Bears, who ended San Diego's string of league championships. Tailback <a href="/wiki/Dean_McAdams" title="Dean McAdams">Dean McAdams</a>, hero of the Rangers' championship campaign of 1944, was scoring touchdowns for the Bulldogs in 1945. San Diego had <a href="/wiki/Bosh_Pritchard" title="Bosh Pritchard">Bosh Pritchard</a>, who would later be rushing for the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles" title="Philadelphia Eagles">Philadelphia Eagles</a>, and the Bulldogs had a new quarterback who would later make a name for himself in San Francisco: <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Albert" title="Frankie Albert">Frankie Albert</a>. The NFL's <a href="/wiki/Color_line_(civil_rights_issue)" class="mw-redirect" title="Color line (civil rights issue)">color line</a> was still about a year from being erased; Oakland's <a href="/wiki/Mel_Reid" title="Mel Reid">Mel Reid</a>, banned by the NFL because of his race, was the PCPFL's <a href="/wiki/Most_valuable_player" title="Most valuable player">most valuable player</a> in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCPFL:_1940-45-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1946">1946</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 1946"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were seismic changes in the world of professional football in 1946. The Hollywood Bears and the Los Angeles Bulldogs, who previously had Los Angeles to themselves, now faced competition from the NFL, with the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Rams" title="Los Angeles Rams">Los Angeles Rams</a> having relocated from Cleveland, and the <a href="/wiki/All-America_Football_Conference" title="All-America Football Conference">All-America Football Conference</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dons" title="Los Angeles Dons">Los Angeles Dons</a>. While the Rams and the Dons were drawing crowds of 40,000 or more to their home games at <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum" title="Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum">Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum</a>, the Bulldogs and the Bears (in <a href="/wiki/Gilmore_Stadium" title="Gilmore Stadium">Gilmore Stadium</a>) were having difficulty getting 1000 paying fans to their much smaller venue.<sup id="cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_End_of_the_PCPFL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another major change came with the rebreaking of the NFL's 12-year-old color barrier, as the Rams signed two of the PCPFL's top stars, <a href="/wiki/Woody_Strode" title="Woody Strode">Woody Strode</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Washington_(American_football)" title="Kenny Washington (American football)">Kenny Washington</a> (both from the Hollywood Bears), which began a slow erosion of the PCPFL's most important talent base, namely <a href="/wiki/Black_players_in_American_professional_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Black players in American professional football">black players</a> that the NFL had previously refused to allow into their league.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the meantime, the PCPFL expanded to a record nine teams and had divisional play for the only time in its history: the two Division Champions would play a single game for the league Championship. New teams include the Tacoma Indians, Sacramento Nuggets, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_Warriors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hawaiian Warriors (page does not exist)">Hawaiian Warriors</a>. The San Jose Mustangs were sold and relocated to Utah, becoming the Salt Lake Seagulls.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hawaiians played all their games at home, and generally in two-game sets to minimize travel expenses for the mainland opponents. With their own officiating crew, the Warriors had a perceived advantage as they consistently played in front of crowds of over 15,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_End_of_the_PCPFL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tacoma_Story_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tacoma_Story-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The PCPFL, the <a href="/wiki/Dixie_League_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixie League (football)">Dixie League</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Association (football)">American Association</a> (which changed its name to the American Football League for the 1946 season) entered into a working arrangement with the NFL, agreeing to being, in essence, a farm league to the “big boys” and not allowing any participants in “any outlaw league” (specifically the AAFC) to be a member of any PCPFL team.<sup id="cite_ref-Tacoma_Story_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tacoma_Story-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The compact was formalized March 24, 1946, with the announcement of the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Professional_Football_Leagues" title="Association of Professional Football Leagues">Association of Professional Football Leagues</a>. </p> <dl><dt>Northern Division</dt></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>W</th> <th>L</th> <th>T</th> <th>Pct.</th> <th>PF</th> <th>PA<sup id="cite_ref-The_Salt_Lake_Seagulls_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Salt_Lake_Seagulls-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Tacoma Indians </td> <td>7</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>.636</td> <td>202</td> <td>141 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">San Francisco Clippers </td> <td>6</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>.600</td> <td>206</td> <td>130 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Salt Lake Seagulls </td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>.286</td> <td>81</td> <td>137 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Sacramento Nuggets </td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>.286</td> <td>67</td> <td>201 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Oakland Giants </td> <td>1</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>.167</td> <td>60</td> <td>89 </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Southern Division</dt></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>W</th> <th>L</th> <th>T</th> <th>Pct.</th> <th>PF</th> <th>PA<sup id="cite_ref-The_Salt_Lake_Seagulls_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Salt_Lake_Seagulls-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Los Angeles Bulldogs </td> <td>9</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>.818</td> <td>318</td> <td>185 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Hawaiian Warriors </td> <td>8</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>.667</td> <td>236</td> <td>179 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Hollywood Bears </td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>.500</td> <td>187</td> <td>196 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">San Diego Bombers </td> <td>1</td> <td>7</td> <td>0</td> <td>.125</td> <td>65</td> <td>164 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The season ended in controversy as the Northern Division title was determined by a game in which the San Francisco Clippers apparently defeated the Los Angeles Bulldogs by a score of 24-19 and claimed the top spot in the division. When Clippers owner <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Ciraolo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Ciraolo (page does not exist)">Frank Ciraolo</a> entered his team's locker room to participate in the victory celebration, he noticed that <a href="/wiki/John_Woudenberg" title="John Woudenberg">John Woudenberg</a>, tackle for the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers" title="San Francisco 49ers">San Francisco 49ers</a>, was wearing a uniform that was assigned to the Clippers' <a href="/w/index.php?title=Courtney_Thorell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Courtney Thorell (page does not exist)">Courtney Thorell</a>. After the “discrepancy” was reported to league officials, the game was declared a 1-0 <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forfeit" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:forfeit">forfeit</a> to the Bulldogs. As a result, the Northern Division champions were the Tacoma Indians.<sup id="cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCPFL:_1940-45-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_End_of_the_PCPFL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tacoma_Story_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tacoma_Story-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bulldogs, with 11 players with NFL experience, defeated Tacoma in the league championship game, 38-7, on January 19, 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_End_of_the_PCPFL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tacoma_Story_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tacoma_Story-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the last game of the Indians' existence. </p><p>Although the Salt Lake Seagulls had three games cancelled in 1946, they would return for another season; but not so the Oakland Giants. The Hollywood Bears took another "leave of absence."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1947">1947</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 1947"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>W</th> <th>L</th> <th>T</th> <th>Pct.</th> <th>PF</th> <th>PA<sup id="cite_ref-The_Salt_Lake_Seagulls_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Salt_Lake_Seagulls-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Hawaiian Warriors </td> <td>7</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>.778</td> <td>267</td> <td>121 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Los Angeles Bulldogs </td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>.625</td> <td>165</td> <td>126 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">San Francisco Clippers </td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>.500</td> <td>158</td> <td>175 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Salt Lake Seagulls </td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>.200</td> <td>48</td> <td>130 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Sacramento Nuggets </td> <td>0</td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>.100</td> <td>75</td> <td>161 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Back <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddy_Abreu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddy Abreu (page does not exist)">Buddy Abreu</a> was the league's leading rusher and scorer as his Hawaiian Warriors won a narrow “race” with the defending champion Bulldogs (led by quarterback <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mel_Reid_(American_football)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mel Reid (American football) (page does not exist)">Mel Reid</a>) by beating the team from L.A. 7-6. Sacramento and Salt Lake dropped out of the league after canceling their home-and-home series that was scheduled to finish the PCPFL season.<sup id="cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_End_of_the_PCPFL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Salt_Lake_Seagulls_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Salt_Lake_Seagulls-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>But having only three active members was not the only issue threatening the continuation of the existence of the league.<sup id="cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_End_of_the_PCPFL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An investigation led by league president J. Rufus Klawans revealed that members of the Hawaiian Warriors were placing bets on games in which they were participating. Four (Abreu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Scussell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ray Scussell (page does not exist)">Ray Scussell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Floyd_Rhea" title="Floyd Rhea">Floyd “Scrap Iron” Rhea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Keenan_(American_football)" title="Jack Keenan (American football)">Jack Keenan</a>) were permanently banned from the league; another ten team members were “suspended indefinitely.”<sup id="cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_End_of_the_PCPFL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Salt_Lake_Seagulls_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Salt_Lake_Seagulls-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1948_and_the_demise_of_the_PCPFL">1948 and the demise of the PCPFL</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 1948 and the demise of the PCPFL"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the PCPFL continued unraveling, the Hollywood Bears return to the fold after a second “leave of absence.” The revitalized Bears were under the watchful eye of former Bulldogs owner Jerry Corcoran as they re-entered the league as a <a href="/wiki/Traveling_team" title="Traveling team">traveling team</a>. The Bulldogs, who used to sell out games at 18,000-seat Gilmore Stadium, had to move to <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a> after two years of failing to attract 1000 fans to their home games. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>W</th> <th>L</th> <th>T</th> <th>Pct.</th> <th>PF</th> <th>PA<sup id="cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_End_of_the_PCPFL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Hawaiian Warriors </td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>.833</td> <td>181</td> <td>86 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Long Beach Bulldogs </td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>.750</td> <td>102</td> <td>49 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Hollywood Bears </td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>.250</td> <td>93</td> <td>152 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">San Diego Clippers </td> <td>0</td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>.000</td> <td>69</td> <td>158 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Warriors were the class of the league, averaging 30 points of offense per game despite losing over half of the 1947 squad, and had claimed at least a tie for the league title with a 5-1 record: the Bulldogs had two games left to play (one with the Bears, one with the Clippers) at Long Beach's <a href="/wiki/Veterans_Memorial_Stadium_(Long_Beach)" title="Veterans Memorial Stadium (Long Beach)">Veterans Memorial Stadium</a>. </p><p>The games were <i>not</i> played, as the legendary Los Angeles Bulldogs - who were the Long Beach Bulldogs in 1948 - dropped out of the PCPFL and folded after drawing only 850 fans to the only PCPFL game in Long Beach; the remaining three teams and the league shortly after decided to fold.<sup id="cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_End_of_the_PCPFL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Successor_leagues">Successor leagues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Successor leagues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pacific_Football_Conference_(1957–1958)"><span id="Pacific_Football_Conference_.281957.E2.80.931958.29"></span>Pacific Football Conference (1957–1958)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Pacific Football Conference (1957–1958)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Pacific Football Conference</b> was the largest attempt to established a professional football league in <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a> since the PCPFL. The teams were mainly located in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> with one lone team in <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> for the 1958 season. The league attracted strong local talent, including future <a href="/wiki/American_Football_League" title="American Football League">American Football League</a> stars like <a href="/wiki/Tom_Flores" title="Tom Flores">Tom Flores</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Taylor" title="Lionel Taylor">Lionel Taylor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OutsidersII_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OutsidersII-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1957">1957</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 1957"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>W</th> <th>L</th> <th>T</th> <th>PF</th> <th>PA </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Petaluma Leghorns<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>180</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Santa Cruz Seahawks<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>/Salinas Packers </td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>77</td> <td>28 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">South San Francisco Windbreakers<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>41</td> <td>64 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Contra Costa Panthers </td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>45</td> <td>98 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Fresno Hellcats<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>21</td> <td>85 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Oakland Gophers </td> <td>0</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>6</td> <td>113 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1958">1958</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 1958"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>W</th> <th>L</th> <th>T</th> <th>PF</th> <th>PA </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Orange_County,_California#Football" title="Sports in Orange County, California">Orange County Rhinos</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>160</td> <td>103 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Tucson Rattlers<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>101</td> <td>57 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Salinas Packers </td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>193</td> <td>118 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Petaluma Leghorns </td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>13</td> <td>32 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Eagle Rock Eracs<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>82</td> <td>74 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">South San Francisco Tanners </td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>36</td> <td>77 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Bakersfield Spoilers </td> <td>0</td> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td>69</td> <td>193 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Pacific_Football_League_(1963–1966)"><span id="North_Pacific_Football_League_.281963.E2.80.931966.29"></span>North Pacific Football League (1963–1966)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: North Pacific Football League (1963–1966)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/North_Pacific_Football_League" title="North Pacific Football League">North Pacific Football League</a></div> <p>A similar name low-level minor league with teams in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a> region. For the 1965 and 1966 seasons the league had a separate conference in California called <b>Northern California League</b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="California_Football_League_(1974–1982;_1984)"><span id="California_Football_League_.281974.E2.80.931982.3B_1984.29"></span>California Football League (1974–1982; 1984)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: California Football League (1974–1982; 1984)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The new <b>California Football League</b> was a low-level minor league that began as a semi-pro league in 1974 as a six-team circuit, renamed the <b>Western Football League</b> for the 1976 season, but change back to CFL after one season, when the league expended to eight teams, split into two divisions and became pro.<sup id="cite_ref-OutsidersII_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OutsidersII-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Twin_City_Cougars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Twin City Cougars (page does not exist)">Twin City Cougars</a> (1979-1982 champions), <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Jose_Tigers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Jose Tigers (page does not exist)">San Jose Tigers</a> (1977 and 1978 champions) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orange_County_Rhinos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orange County Rhinos (page does not exist)">Orange County Rhinos</a> were the three strongest teams during the league lifetime. </p><p>The formation of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Football_League" title="United States Football League">United States Football League</a> sapped the league from most of its talent and led to the cancellation of the CFL before the 1983 season. The CFL try to come back in 1984 with four teams, based in the northern part of the state, but folded again after that season. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Teams">Teams</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Teams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antioch,_California" title="Antioch, California">Antioch/Contra Costa</a> Hornets (1980-1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_California" title="Fairfield, California">Fairfield/Solano-Napa</a> Flyers (1977-1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont</a> Cavaliers (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Beach">Long Beach/Los Angeles</a> Mustangs (1977-1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> Norsemen (1977-1978)</li> <li>Los Angeles Thunderbolts (1980)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa Valley</a> Bears (1979-1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" title="North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">North Bay</a> Rainbows (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramento">Sacramento</a> Buffaloes (1977-1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a> Sharks (1980-1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel,_California" title="San Gabriel, California">San Gabriel</a> Saints (1977-1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a> Tigers (1977-1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanside,_California" title="Oceanside, California">Oceanside</a> Sharks (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County/Southern California</a> Rhinos<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1977-1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange Empire">Orange Empire</a> Outlaws (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marysville,_California" title="Marysville, California">Twin City</a> Cougars (1977-1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventura County">Ventura County</a> Americans (1979-1981)</li></ul> <p>In 1978 San Jose was declared minor-league "National Champions"<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after beating 32-6 the <a href="/wiki/American_Football_Association_(1978%E2%80%931983)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Football Association (1978–1983)">American Football Association</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Steamer" title="Shreveport Steamer">Shreveport Steamer</a>, in a game between the leagues champions called <b>"King Kong Bowl"</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1980 the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Twin_City_Cougars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Twin City Cougars (page does not exist)">Twin City Cougars</a> were declared the <b>"West Coast Championship"</b>, after beating 28-23 the Pierce County Bengals from the semi-pro <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Northwest_Football_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacific Northwest Football League (page does not exist)">Pacific Northwest Football League</a> (also known as the <i>Northwest International Alliance</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also won the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minor_Professional_Football_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minor Professional Football Association (page does not exist)">Minor Professional Football Association</a> minor league championship after beating the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_States_Football_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern States Football League (page does not exist)">Northern States Football League</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Delavan_Red_Devils&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delavan Red Devils (page does not exist)">Delavan Red Devils</a>. They won their second MPFA championship in 1981 after beating the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Colts" title="Pittsburgh Colts">Pittsburgh Colts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PCPFL:_1940-45-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PCPFL:_1940-45_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/04-07-104.pdf">PCPFL: 1940-45</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726192703/http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/04-07-104.pdf">Archived</a> July 26, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Bob Gill, <i>The Coffin Corner</i>, Pro Football Researchers Association (1982)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_End_of_the_PCPFL-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_End_of_the_PCPFL_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/05-04-135.pdf">The End of the PCPFL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127042700/http://profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/05-04-135.pdf">Archived</a> November 27, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Bob Gill, <i>The Coffin Corner</i>, Pro Football Researchers Association (1983)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-profootballresearchers.org-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-profootballresearchers.org_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-profootballresearchers.org_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/06-An-205.pdf">The Bulldogs: L.A. Hits the Big Time</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127041023/http://profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/06-An-205.pdf">Archived</a> November 27, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Bob Gill, Pro Football Researchers Association (1984)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Other_Minor_Leagues-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Other_Minor_Leagues_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Other_Minor_Leagues_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/11-01-362.pdf">Other Minor Leagues</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127054520/http://profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/11-01-362.pdf">Archived</a> November 27, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – a look at football's minor leagues before 1960, Bob Gill, <i>The Coffin Corner</i>, Pro Football Researchers Association (1989).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profootballresearchers.org/coffin-corner00's/CC-31-1.pdf">"THE COFFIN CORNER: Vol. 31, No. 1 (2009)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>THE COFFIN CORNER</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=THE+COFFIN+CORNER&rft.atitle=THE+COFFIN+CORNER%3A+Vol.+31%2C+No.+1+%282009%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballresearchers.org%2Fcoffin-corner00%27s%2FCC-31-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/11-01-362.pdf">Other Minor Leagues</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127054520/http://profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/11-01-362.pdf">Archived</a> November 27, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – a look at football's minor leagues before 1960, Bob Gill, <i>The Coffin Corner</i>, Pro Football Researchers Association (1989)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tod_Maher_1984-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tod_Maher_1984_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tod_Maher_1984_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tod_Maher_1984_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tod_Maher_1984_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/06-07-190.pdf">California Dreamin': West Coast Pros in the 1930s</a> – Bob Gill and Tod Maher, <i>The Coffin Corner</i>, Pro Football Researchers Association (1984)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eirball.ie/salinas-packers-california-pro-american-football-1936-1937/">"Salinas Packers; California Pro American Football 1936-1937"</a>. October 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salinas+Packers%3B+California+Pro+American+Football+1936-1937&rft.date=2019-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feirball.ie%2Fsalinas-packers-california-pro-american-football-1936-1937%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://profootballresearchers.com/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/09-05-303.pdf">"The Salinas Packers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Salinas+Packers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprofootballresearchers.com%2Farchives%2FWebsite_Files%2FCoffin_Corner%2F09-05-303.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.profootballarchives.com/1938los.html">"1938 Los Angeles Bulldogs"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1938+Los+Angeles+Bulldogs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballarchives.com%2F1938los.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060319231337/http://www.footballresearch.com/articles/frpage.cfm?topic=t45black">"Professional Football Researchers Association- Pro Football History"</a>. <i>www.footballresearch.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.footballresearch.com/articles/frpage.cfm?topic=t45black">the original</a> on March 19, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.footballresearch.com&rft.atitle=Professional+Football+Researchers+Association-+Pro+Football+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.footballresearch.com%2Farticles%2Ffrpage.cfm%3Ftopic%3Dt45black&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.profootballresearchers.org/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/14-02-452.pdf">"The Salt Lake Seagulls"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Salt+Lake+Seagulls&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballresearchers.org%2Farchives%2FWebsite_Files%2FCoffin_Corner%2F14-02-452.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tacoma_Story-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tacoma_Story_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tacoma_Story_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tacoma_Story_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tacoma_Story_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/24-03-940.pdf">Tacoma Story</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126230905/http://profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/24-03-940.pdf">Archived</a> November 26, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Bart Ripp, <i>The Coffin Corner</i>, Pro Football Researchers Association (2002)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Salt_Lake_Seagulls-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Salt_Lake_Seagulls_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Salt_Lake_Seagulls_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Salt_Lake_Seagulls_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Salt_Lake_Seagulls_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Salt_Lake_Seagulls_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/14-02-452.pdf">The Salt Lake Seagulls</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101007111952/http://profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/14-02-452.pdf">Archived</a> October 7, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Mel Bashore, <i>The Coffin Corner</i>, Pro Football Researchers Association (1992)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/14-02-453.pdf">The Salt Lake Seagulls</a> – Mel Bashore, <i>The Coffin Corner</i>, Pro Football Researchers Association (1992)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.profootballhof.com/flores-blazes-trail-to-hof-doorstep/">"Flores blazes trail to HOF Doorstep"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flores+blazes+trail+to+HOF+Doorstep&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballhof.com%2Fflores-blazes-trail-to-hof-doorstep%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OutsidersII-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OutsidersII_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OutsidersII_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bob Gill, with Tod Maher. <i>Outsiders II: Minor League And Independent Football, 1951-1985</i>, p. vii. St. Johann Press, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1878282654" title="Special:BookSources/1878282654">1878282654</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.petaluma360.com/article/sports/petaluma-football-history-football-players-led-on-the-gridiron-and-in-the/">"PETALUMA FOOTBALL HISTORY: Football players led on the gridiron and in the community"</a>. September 7, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PETALUMA+FOOTBALL+HISTORY%3A+Football+players+led+on+the+gridiron+and+in+the+community&rft.date=2016-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.petaluma360.com%2Farticle%2Fsports%2Fpetaluma-football-history-football-players-led-on-the-gridiron-and-in-the%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SCS19540928&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1">"Seahawks Give Up; Cancel Remaining Contests"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seahawks+Give+Up%3B+Cancel+Remaining+Contests&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdnc.ucr.edu%2F%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DSCS19540928%26e%3D-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/264436450/">"September 6, 1957 Petaluma Argus-Courier from Petaluma, California"</a>. September 6, 1957.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=September+6%2C+1957+Petaluma+Argus-Courier+from+Petaluma%2C+California&rft.date=1957-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fnewspage%2F264436450%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27274028/fresno-hellcats-semi-professional/">"Hellcats Will Scrimmage This Afternoon At 3"</a>. <i>The Fresno Bee</i>. November 24, 1957. p. 35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Fresno+Bee&rft.atitle=Hellcats+Will+Scrimmage+This+Afternoon+At+3&rft.pages=35&rft.date=1957-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F27274028%2Ffresno-hellcats-semi-professional%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2011-mar-06-la-me-0306-then-20110306-story.html">"Orange County Rhinos beat the NFL to local TV"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. March 6, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Orange+County+Rhinos+beat+the+NFL+to+local+TV&rft.date=2011-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Flocal%2Fla-xpm-2011-mar-06-la-me-0306-then-20110306-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27307349/orange-county-rhinos/">"Orange County Rhinos Will Join New Loop"</a>. <i>Independent</i>. May 30, 1958. p. 19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Independent&rft.atitle=Orange+County+Rhinos+Will+Join+New+Loop&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1958-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F27307349%2Forange-county-rhinos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tucson.com/sports/local/heads-up-sugar-skulls-are-here-determined-to-make-a-splash-in-inaugural-season/article_d072c23f-442e-5f90-923d-6d3fd9aea722.html">"The Tucson Sugar Skulls have joined the pantheon of amateur and professional sports team names in Tucson"</a>. March 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Tucson+Sugar+Skulls+have+joined+the+pantheon+of+amateur+and+professional+sports+team+names+in+Tucson&rft.date=2019-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftucson.com%2Fsports%2Flocal%2Fheads-up-sugar-skulls-are-here-determined-to-make-a-splash-in-inaugural-season%2Farticle_d072c23f-442e-5f90-923d-6d3fd9aea722.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=ERS19590917.2.23&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1">"Eracs suffer 7-3 loss to Anaheim Rhinos"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eracs+suffer+7-3+loss+to+Anaheim+Rhinos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdnc.ucr.edu%2F%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DERS19590917.2.23%26e%3D-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=BCEJ19800312.2.74&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------">"Allen severs ties with Oxy football"</a>. <i>cdnc.ucr.edu</i>. Belvedere Citizen / Eastside Journal. March 12, 1980<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cdnc.ucr.edu&rft.atitle=Allen+severs+ties+with+Oxy+football&rft.date=1980-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdnc.ucr.edu%2F%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DBCEJ19800312.2.74%26e%3D-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanfootballassn.com/forms/ItsStillaMinorThing.pdf">"It's a Minor Thing"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=It%27s+a+Minor+Thing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanfootballassn.com%2Fforms%2FItsStillaMinorThing.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sanbenito.com/looking-back-after-30-years/">"Looking back after 30 years"</a>. August 17, 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Looking+back+after+30+years&rft.date=2004-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsanbenito.com%2Flooking-back-after-30-years%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://funwhileitlasted.net/2018/05/06/1978-1981-shreveport-steamer-american-football-association/">"1978-1981 Shreveport Steamer"</a>. May 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1978-1981+Shreveport+Steamer&rft.date=2018-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffunwhileitlasted.net%2F2018%2F05%2F06%2F1978-1981-shreveport-steamer-american-football-association%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19991111224704/http://www.serv.net/~nwfl/page37.html">"NWFL Archives League Standings 1979-1986"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.serv.net/~nwfl/page37.html">the original</a> on November 11, 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NWFL+Archives+League+Standings+1979-1986&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.serv.net%2F~nwfl%2Fpage37.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eirball.ie/pacific-northwest-football-league-1980/">"Pacific Northwest Football League 1980"</a>. December 24, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pacific+Northwest+Football+League+1980&rft.date=2019-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feirball.ie%2Fpacific-northwest-football-league-1980%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://funwhileitlasted.net/2022/07/16/twin-cities-cougars/">"Twin Cities Cougars"</a>. <i>Fun While It Lasted</i>. July 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fun+While+It+Lasted&rft.atitle=Twin+Cities+Cougars&rft.date=2022-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffunwhileitlasted.net%2F2022%2F07%2F16%2Ftwin-cities-cougars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APacific+Coast+Professional+Football+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Professional_gridiron_football_leagues_in_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Professional_gridiron_football_leagues_in_North_America" title="Template talk:Professional gridiron football leagues in North America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Professional_gridiron_football_leagues_in_North_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Professional gridiron football leagues in North America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Professional_gridiron_football_leagues_in_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Professional <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_and_Canadian_football_leagues" title="List of American and Canadian football leagues">gridiron football leagues</a> in North America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="American_football" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">Major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (1920–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minor_league_football_(gridiron)" title="Minor league football (gridiron)">Other</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A7FL" title="A7FL"> American 7s Football League</a> (2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liga_de_F%C3%BAtbol_Americano_Profesional" title="Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional">Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional</a> (2016–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Football_League_(2024)" title="United Football League (2024)">United Football League</a> (2024–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct national</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1926)" title="American Football League (1926)">American Football League (1926)</a>²</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1936)" title="American Football League (1936)">American Football League (1936–1937)</a></span>²</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1940)" title="American Football League (1940)">American Football League (1940–1941)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-America_Football_Conference" title="All-America Football Conference">All-America Football Conference</a>² (1945–1949)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League" title="American Football League">American Football League</a> (1960–1969)¹</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Football_League" title="Continental Football League">Continental Football League</a> (1965–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Football_League" title="World Football League">World Football League</a> (1974–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Football_League" title="United States Football League">United States Football League</a> (1983–1985)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NFL_Europe" title="NFL Europe">World League of American Football/NFL Europe/NFL Europa</a>³</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFL_(2001)" title="XFL (2001)">XFL (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Football_League_(2009%E2%80%932012)" title="United Football League (2009–2012)">United Football League (2009–2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_American_Football" title="Alliance of American Football">Alliance of American Football</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFL_(2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="XFL (2020)">XFL</a> (2020, 2023)*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Football_League_(2022)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Football League (2022)">United States Football League</a> (2022–2023)*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_Union" title="American Football Union">American Football Union</a> (1886–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania_Professional_Football_Circuit" title="Western Pennsylvania Professional Football Circuit">Western Pennsylvania Professional Football Circuit</a>** (1890–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_League" title="Ohio League">Ohio League</a>² (1902–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Pro_Football_League" title="New York Pro Football League">New York Pro Football League</a>² (1908–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League_(1902)" title="National Football League (1902)">National Football League (1902)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthracite_League" title="Anthracite League">Anthracite League</a>² (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_League_of_Professional_Football" title="Eastern League of Professional Football">Eastern League of Professional Football</a> (1926–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1934)" title="American Football League (1934)">American Football League (1934)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Football_League_(1935%E2%80%931940)" title="Midwest Football League (1935–1940)">Midwest Football League (1935–1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie_League_(American_football)" title="Dixie League (American football)">Dixie League</a>³ (1936–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_(American_football)" title="American Association (American football)">American Association (American football)</a>³</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Football_League_(1935%E2%80%931940)" title="Midwest Football League (1935–1940)">American Football League (1938–1939)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Pennsylvania_Football_League" title="Eastern Pennsylvania Football League">Eastern Pennsylvania Football League</a> (1938)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pacific Coast Professional Football League</a>³ (1940–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1944)" title="American Football League (1944)">American Football League (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_(American_football)" title="American Association (American football)">American Football League (1946–1950)</a>³</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_Conference_(1959%E2%80%931961)" title="American Football Conference (1959–1961)">American Football Conference (1959–1961)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Football_League_(1961%E2%80%931964)" title="United Football League (1961–1964)">United Football League (1961–1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Football_League" title="Atlantic Coast Football League">Atlantic Coast Football League</a>³ (1962–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Football_League_(1962%E2%80%931978)" title="Midwest Football League (1962–1978)">Midwest Football League (1962–1978)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Football_League_of_America" title="Professional Football League of America">Professional Football League of America</a> (1965–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Football_League" title="Texas Football League">Texas Football League</a> (1966–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaboard_Football_League" title="Seaboard Football League">Seaboard Football League</a> (1971–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_Association_(1977%E2%80%931983)" title="American Football Association (1977–1983)">American Football Association (1977–1983)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Football_League" title="Regional Football League">Regional Football League</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Football_League" title="Spring Football League">Spring Football League</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Football_League_(2008%E2%80%932010)" title="World Football League (2008–2010)">World Football League (2008–2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stars_Football_League" title="Stars Football League">Stars Football League</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_Experimental_Football_League" title="Fall Experimental Football League">Fall Experimental Football League</a> (2014–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BAtbol_Americano_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Fútbol Americano de México">Fútbol Americano de México</a> (2019–2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>¹ <a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93NFL_merger" title="AFL–NFL merger">Merged into the NFL</a>. All teams still active as members of the NFL's <a href="/wiki/American_Football_Conference" title="American Football Conference">American Football Conference</a>.</li> <li>² Teams moved to NFL</li> <li>³ Official NFL minor league; see also <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Professional_Football_Leagues" title="Association of Professional Football Leagues">Association of Professional Football Leagues</a></li> <li>* Merged into the UFL, still active as conferences within</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Canadian_football" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">Major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">Canadian Football League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Direct</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Division_(CFL)" title="East Division (CFL)">Interprovincial Rugby Football Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Division_(CFL)" title="West Division (CFL)">Western Interprovincial Football Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Other</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Ontario Rugby Football Union">Ontario Rugby Football Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Quebec Rugby Football Union">Quebec Rugby Football Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Junior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Football_League" title="Atlantic Football League">Atlantic Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Junior_Football_League" title="Canadian Junior Football League">Canadian Junior Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Junior_Football_League" title="Quebec Junior Football League">Quebec Junior Football League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arena/Indoor_football" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">Arena/Indoor football</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Arena_League" title="American Arena League">American Arena League 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_One_(2025)" title="Arena Football One (2025)">Arena Football One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Arena_Football" title="Great Lakes Arena Football">Great Lakes Arena Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_Football_League" title="Indoor Football League">Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Arena_League" title="National Arena League">National Arena League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Arena_League" title="The Arena League">The Arena League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Indoor_Football" title="American Indoor Football">American Indoor Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indoor_Football_Alliance" title="American Indoor Football Alliance">American Indoor Football Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Professional_Football_League" title="American Professional Football League">American Professional Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_West_Football_Conference" title="American West Football Conference">American West Football Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_Association" title="Arena Football Association">Arena Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_League" title="Arena Football League">Arena Football League</a> (1987–2008, 2010–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_League_(2024)" title="Arena Football League (2024)">Arena Football League (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AF2" title="AF2">arenafootball2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Pro_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Arena Pro Football">Arena Pro Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can-Am_Indoor_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Can-Am Indoor Football League">Can-Am Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champions_Indoor_Football" title="Champions Indoor Football">Champions Indoor Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champions_Professional_Indoor_Football_League" title="Champions Professional Indoor Football League">Champions Professional Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Indoor_Football_League" title="Continental Indoor Football League">Continental Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Indoor_Football_Alliance" title="Independent Indoor Football Alliance">Independent Indoor Football Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_Football_League_(1999%E2%80%932000)" title="Indoor Football League (1999–2000)">Indoor Football League (1999–2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_Professional_Football_League" title="Indoor Professional Football League">Indoor Professional Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intense_Football_League" title="Intense Football League">Intense Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Star_Football_League" title="Lone Star Football League">Lone Star Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Indoor_Football_League" title="National Indoor Football League">National Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Indoor_Football_League_(1998)" title="Professional Indoor Football League (1998)">Professional Indoor Football League (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Indoor_Football_League" title="Professional Indoor Football League">Professional Indoor Football League (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Indoor_Football_League" title="Southern Indoor Football League">Southern Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Indoor_Football" title="Supreme Indoor Football">Supreme Indoor Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Indoor_Football_League" title="Ultimate Indoor Football League">Ultimate Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Indoor_Football" title="United Indoor Football">United Indoor Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-League_Indoor_Football" title="X-League Indoor Football">X-League Indoor Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Indoor_Football_League_(2007)" title="World Indoor Football League (2007)">World Indoor Football League (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Series_of_Football_(1902%E2%80%9303)" title="World Series of Football (1902–03)">World Series of Football (1902–03)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On hiatus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fan_Controlled_Football" title="Fan Controlled Football">Fan Controlled Football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Women&#039;s_football" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_gridiron_football" title="Women's gridiron football">Women's football </a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outdoor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Football_Alliance" title="Women's Football Alliance">Women's Football Alliance</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Women%27s_Football_League" title="United States Women's Football League">United States Women's Football League</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Football_Conference" title="Women's National Football Conference">Women's National Football Conference</a> (2018–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct Outdoor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Professional_Football_League_(1965%E2%80%931973)" title="Women's Professional Football League (1965–1973)">Women's Professional Football League</a> (1965–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Football_League" title="National Women's Football League">National Women's Football League</a> (1974–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Professional_Football_League" title="Women's Professional Football League">Women's Professional Football League</a> (1999–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Football_Association" title="National Women's Football Association">National Women's Football Association</a> (2000–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Women%27s_Football_League" title="Independent Women's Football League">Independent Women's Football League</a> (2000–2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">Arena football</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X_League_(women%27s_football)" title="X League (women's football)"> X League</a> (2009–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: 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