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Yesus - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Yesus" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Yesus" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laporan_Injil_kanonik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laporan_Injil_kanonik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Laporan Injil kanonik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Laporan_Injil_kanonik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Laporan Injil kanonik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Laporan_Injil_kanonik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Injil-Injil_kanonik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Injil-Injil_kanonik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Injil-Injil kanonik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Injil-Injil_kanonik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genealogi_dan_kelahiran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genealogi_dan_kelahiran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Genealogi dan kelahiran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genealogi_dan_kelahiran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Masa_muda,_pekerjaan,_dan_profesi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masa_muda,_pekerjaan,_dan_profesi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Masa muda, pekerjaan, dan profesi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masa_muda,_pekerjaan,_dan_profesi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pembaptisan_dan_pencobaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembaptisan_dan_pencobaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Pembaptisan dan pencobaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembaptisan_dan_pencobaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pelayanan_publik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pelayanan_publik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Pelayanan publik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pelayanan_publik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Para_murid_dan_pengikut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Para_murid_dan_pengikut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Para murid dan pengikut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Para_murid_dan_pengikut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ajaran,_khotbah,_dan_mukjizat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ajaran,_khotbah,_dan_mukjizat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Ajaran, khotbah, dan mukjizat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ajaran,_khotbah,_dan_mukjizat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pemakluman_sebagai_Kristus_dan_peristiwa_Transfigurasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemakluman_sebagai_Kristus_dan_peristiwa_Transfigurasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Pemakluman sebagai Kristus dan peristiwa Transfigurasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemakluman_sebagai_Kristus_dan_peristiwa_Transfigurasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pekan_terakhir_sebelum_kematian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pekan_terakhir_sebelum_kematian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Pekan terakhir sebelum kematian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pekan_terakhir_sebelum_kematian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aktivitas_di_Yerusalem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aktivitas_di_Yerusalem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.1</span> <span>Aktivitas di Yerusalem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aktivitas_di_Yerusalem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perjamuan_Terakhir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perjamuan_Terakhir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.2</span> <span>Perjamuan Terakhir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perjamuan_Terakhir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penderitaan_di_Taman_Getsemani,_pengkhianatan,_dan_penangkapan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penderitaan_di_Taman_Getsemani,_pengkhianatan,_dan_penangkapan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.3</span> <span>Penderitaan di Taman Getsemani, pengkhianatan, dan penangkapan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penderitaan_di_Taman_Getsemani,_pengkhianatan,_dan_penangkapan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pengadilan_oleh_Sanhedrin,_Herodes,_dan_Pilatus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengadilan_oleh_Sanhedrin,_Herodes,_dan_Pilatus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.4</span> <span>Pengadilan oleh Sanhedrin, Herodes, dan Pilatus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengadilan_oleh_Sanhedrin,_Herodes,_dan_Pilatus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penyaliban_dan_pemakaman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penyaliban_dan_pemakaman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.5</span> <span>Penyaliban dan pemakaman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penyaliban_dan_pemakaman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kebangkitan_dan_kenaikan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kebangkitan_dan_kenaikan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Kebangkitan dan kenaikan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kebangkitan_dan_kenaikan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kesejarahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kesejarahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kesejarahan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kesejarahan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Kesejarahan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kesejarahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yudea_dan_Galilea_pada_abad_ke-1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yudea_dan_Galilea_pada_abad_ke-1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Yudea dan Galilea pada abad ke-1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yudea_dan_Galilea_pada_abad_ke-1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumber-sumber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumber-sumber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Sumber-sumber</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sumber-sumber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kronologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kronologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Kronologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kronologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historisitas_peristiwa-peristiwa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historisitas_peristiwa-peristiwa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Historisitas peristiwa-peristiwa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historisitas_peristiwa-peristiwa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Keluarga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keluarga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Keluarga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keluarga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baptisan_dan_Yohanes_Pembaptis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baptisan_dan_Yohanes_Pembaptis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Baptisan dan Yohanes Pembaptis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baptisan_dan_Yohanes_Pembaptis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pelayanan_di_Galilea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pelayanan_di_Galilea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.3</span> <span>Pelayanan di Galilea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pelayanan_di_Galilea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peranan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peranan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.4</span> <span>Peranan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peranan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penyaliban" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penyaliban"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.5</span> <span>Penyaliban</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penyaliban-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pasca_penyaliban" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pasca_penyaliban"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.6</span> <span>Pasca penyaliban</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pasca_penyaliban-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Potret_Yesus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Potret_Yesus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Potret Yesus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Potret_Yesus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahasa,_etnis,_dan_penampilan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahasa,_etnis,_dan_penampilan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Bahasa, etnis, dan penampilan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahasa,_etnis,_dan_penampilan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teori_mitos_Kristus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teori_mitos_Kristus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Teori mitos Kristus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teori_mitos_Kristus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pandangan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pandangan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pandangan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pandangan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Pandangan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pandangan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kristen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kristen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Kristen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kristen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yahudi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yahudi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Yahudi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yahudi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahá'í" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahá'í"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Bahá'í</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahá'í-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lain-lain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lain-lain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Lain-lain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lain-lain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penggambaran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggambaran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Penggambaran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggambaran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relikui_terkait" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relikui_terkait"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Relikui terkait</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relikui_terkait-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Catatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Daftar pustaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Yesus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 272 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-272" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">272 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_%D2%9A%D1%8C%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Иаса Қьырса – Abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Иаса Қьырса" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_van_Nasaret" title="Jesus van Nasaret – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jesus van Nasaret" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Christus" title="Jesus Christus – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Jesus Christus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%B1%E1%88%B5" title="ኢየሱስ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኢየሱስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ches%C3%BAs_de_Nazaret" title="Chesús de Nazaret – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chesús de Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iesus" title="Iesus – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Iesus" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jis%E1%BB%8Ds_Karais" title="Jisọs Karais – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Jisọs Karais" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B9" title="ईसा मसीह – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ईसा मसीह" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9" title="يسوع – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يسوع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9D%DC%AB%DC%98%DC%A5" title="ܝܫܘܥ – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܝܫܘܥ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9" title="يسوع – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="يسوع" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9" title="يسوع – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يسوع" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81" title="যীশু – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="যীশু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xes%C3%BAs" title="Xesús – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xesús" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecoc" title="Cecoc – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Cecoc" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesus_Kristos" title="Yesus Kristos – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Yesus Kristos" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jesus" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sa" title="İsa – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İsa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%BA%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="عیسی پئیغمبر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عیسی پئیغمبر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D3%99%D0%B9%D2%93%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%80)" title="Ғайса (пәйғәмбәр) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ғайса (пәйғәмбәр)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_vo_Nazaret" title="Jesus vo Nazaret – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Jesus vo Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiezos_Kr%C4%97stos" title="Jiezos Krėstos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Jiezos Krėstos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Jesus" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesus" title="Hesus – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hesus" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Ісус Хрыстос – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ісус Хрыстос" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Ісус Хрыстос – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ісус Хрыстос" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isa" title="Isa – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Isa" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Иисус Христос – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Иисус Христос" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B9" title="ईसा मसीह – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ईसा मसीह" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jisas_Kraes" title="Jisas Kraes – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Jisas Kraes" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesus_Kristus" title="Yesus Kristus – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Yesus Kristus" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesu_Krista" title="Yesu Krista – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Yesu Krista" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81" title="যিশু – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যিশু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཡེ་ཤུ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡེ་ཤུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezuz_Nazaret" title="Jezuz Nazaret – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jezuz Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isus" title="Isus – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Isus" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Jesus" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Иисус Христос – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Иисус Христос" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_de_Natzaret" title="Jesús de Natzaret – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jesús de Natzaret" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A0-s%C5%AD" title="Ià-sŭ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ià-sŭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Ӏийса – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏийса" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hes%C3%BAs" title="Hesús – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hesús" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B9" title="یەسووع – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یەسووع" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ges%C3%B9_Cristu" title="Gesù Cristu – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Gesù Cristu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sa_ibn_Meryem" title="İsa ibn Meryem – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İsa ibn Meryem" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C5%BE%C3%AD%C5%A1_Kristus" title="Ježíš Kristus – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ježíš Kristus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8A_%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%97%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A" title="Їисъ Хрїстъ – Bahasa Gereja Slavonia" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Їисъ Хрїстъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Bahasa Gereja Slavonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Иисус Христос – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иисус Христос" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iesu" title="Iesu – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Iesu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jesus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issa" title="Issa – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Issa" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Christus" title="Jesus Christus – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jesus Christus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yecu_Kritho" title="Yecu Kritho – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Yecu Kritho" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sa" title="İsa – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İsa" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezus_Kristus" title="Jezus Kristus – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Jezus Kristus" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesus_Kristus" title="Yesus Kristus – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Yesus Kristus" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A9%DE%90%DE%A7%DE%8E%DE%AC%DE%8A%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%AA" title="އީސާގެފާނު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އީސާގެފާނު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesu" title="Yesu – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Yesu" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%82_%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ιησούς Χριστός – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιησούς Χριστός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ge%E1%B9%A1%C3%BC" title="Geṡü – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Geṡü" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Jesus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuo_Kristo" title="Jesuo Kristo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jesuo Kristo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_de_Nazaret" title="Jesús de Nazaret – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jesús de Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeesus" title="Jeesus – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jeesus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Nazaretekoa" title="Jesus Nazaretekoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jesus Nazaretekoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesucristu" title="Jesucristu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Jesucristu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="عیسی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عیسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A9esu_Kristaa" title="Yéesu Kristaa – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Yéesu Kristaa" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeesus" title="Jeesus – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jeesus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeesus" title="Jeesus – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Jeesus" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jisu_Karisito" title="Jisu Karisito – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Jisu Karisito" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jesus" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezu_Klisu" title="Jezu Klisu – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Jezu Klisu" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9sus-Christ" title="Jésus-Christ – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jésus-Christ" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A8sus-Crist" title="Jèsus-Crist – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Jèsus-Crist" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiises_Krast" title="Jiises Krast – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jiises Krast" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Jesus" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezus_(tradisjoneel-kristlik)" title="Jezus (tradisjoneel-kristlik) – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jezus (tradisjoneel-kristlik)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dosa_Cr%C3%ADost" title="Íosa Críost – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Íosa Críost" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0isus" title="İisus – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İisus" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C" title="耶穌 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="耶穌" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9zi_di_Nazareth" title="Jézi di Nazareth – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Jézi di Nazareth" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cosa_Cr%C3%ACosd" title="Ìosa Crìosd – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ìosa Crìosd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xes%C3%BAs_de_Nazaret" title="Xesús de Nazaret – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xesús de Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesu" title="Hesu – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hesu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="जेजू क्रिस्त – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="जेजू क्रिस्त" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83_%F0%90%8D%87%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐍃 𐍇𐍂𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌿𐍃 – Gotik" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐍃 𐍇𐍂𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌿𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%81" title="ઇસુ – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઇસુ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeesu" title="Yeesu – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Yeesu" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeesey_Chreest" title="Yeesey Chreest – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yeesey Chreest" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isa" title="Isa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Isa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A2-s%C3%BB" title="Yâ-sû – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yâ-sû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ies%C5%AB_Kristo" title="Iesū Kristo – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Iesū Kristo" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95" title="ישו – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ישו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81" title="यीशु – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यीशु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isu_Masih" title="Isu Masih – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Isu Masih" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isus" title="Isus – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Isus" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%9Bzus" title="Jězus – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Jězus" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezi" title="Jezi – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jezi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9zus" title="Jézus – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jézus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD" title="Հիսուս – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հիսուս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD" title="Յիսուս – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Յիսուս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Christo" title="Jesus Christo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Jesus Christo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jesus" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesu" title="Jesu – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Jesu" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jis%E1%BB%8Ds_Kra%E1%BB%8Bst" title="Jisọs Kraịst – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Jisọs Kraịst" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hes%C3%BAs" title="Hesús – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Hesús" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iesu_de_Nazaret" title="Iesu de Nazaret – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Iesu de Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs" title="Jesús – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jesús" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ges%C3%B9" title="Gesù – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gesù" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%B1%E1%90%85%E1%93%95%E1%91%A6%E1%93%AF%E1%94%A8" title="ᐱᐅᓕᑦᓯᔨ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐱᐅᓕᑦᓯᔨ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88" title="イエス・キリスト – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イエス・キリスト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiizas_Kraist" title="Jiizas Kraist – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Jiizas Kraist" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/iesus" title="iesus – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="iesus" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A9sus_Kristus" title="Yésus Kristus – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Yésus Kristus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94" title="იესო ქრისტე – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იესო ქრისტე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90isa" title="Ɛisa – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ɛisa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8D-%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%8C" title="Хьисэ-Мэсыхь – Kabardi" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Хьисэ-Мэсыхь" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeesu_Nazar%C9%9B%C9%9Bt%C9%A9_t%CA%8B" title="Yeesu Nazarɛɛtɩ tʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Yeesu Nazarɛɛtɩ tʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesu" title="Yesu – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Yesu" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesu" title="Yesu – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Yesu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Иса Мәсих – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иса Мәсих" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BC" title="ព្រះយេស៊ូ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ព្រះយេស៊ូ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4" title="ಯೇಸು ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಯೇಸು ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Jesus" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%88%EC%88%98" title="예수 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="예수" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Иисус Христос – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Иисус Христос" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%B0" title="عیسیٰ – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="عیسیٰ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Christus" title="Jesus Christus – Dialek Kolsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Jesus Christus" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Dialek Kolsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Esa" title="Îsa – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îsa" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Исус Кристос – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Исус Кристос" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesu_Krist" title="Yesu Krist – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Yesu Krist" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Ыйса – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ыйса" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iesus" title="Iesus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iesus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeshu_de_Nazaret" title="Yeshu de Nazaret – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Yeshu de Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_vun_Nazaret" title="Jesus vun Nazaret – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jesus vun Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81" title="Эса идавс – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Эса идавс" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Иса (пайгъамбар) – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Иса (пайгъамбар)" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Cristo" title="Jesus Cristo – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Jesus Cristo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesu_Kristo" title="Jesu Kristo – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Jesu Kristo" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zjezus_Christus" title="Zjezus Christus – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zjezus Christus" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%AAx%C3%B9" title="Gêxù – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Gêxù" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gej%C3%BA_Crist" title="Gejú Crist – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Gejú Crist" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ges%C3%B9_de_Nazaret" title="Gesù de Nazaret – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gesù de Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A9su" title="Yésu – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Yésu" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B9" title="ພຣະເຢຊູ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພຣະເຢຊູ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%97zus_Kristus" title="Jėzus Kristus – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jėzus Kristus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezus_Krystus" title="Jezus Krystus – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Jezus Krystus" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%93zus_Kristus" title="Jēzus Kristus – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jēzus Kristus" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesus_Kristus" title="Yesus Kristus – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Yesus Kristus" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesoa" title="Jesoa – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jesoa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Исус Христос – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Исус Христос" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_Karaiti" title="Ihu Karaiti – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ihu Karaiti" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesus" title="Yesus – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Yesus" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Исус Христос – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Исус Христос" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%81" title="യേശു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യേശു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D2%AF%D1%81_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82" title="Есүс Христ – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Есүс Христ" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%81" title="ꯖꯤꯖꯁ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯖꯤꯖꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF" title="ယေသှု – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ယေသှု" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="येशू ख्रिस्त – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="येशू ख्रिस्त" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Christ" title="Jesus Christ – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jesus Christ" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0es%C3%B9" title="Ġesù – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġesù" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasus" title="Jasus – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Jasus" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF_%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA" title="ယေရှု ခရစ်တော် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ယေရှု ခရစ်တော်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Иисус Христос – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Иисус Христос" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="عیسی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="عیسی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesucristo" title="Jesucristo – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Jesucristo" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gies%C3%B9_Cristo" title="Giesù Cristo – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Giesù Cristo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Christus" title="Jesus Christus – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Jesus Christus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezus_Christus" title="Jezus Christus – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Jezus Christus" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="यशू ख्रिष्ट – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="यशू ख्रिष्ट" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesu" title="Yesu – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Yesu" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezus_(traditioneel-christelijk)" title="Jezus (traditioneel-christelijk) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jezus (traditioneel-christelijk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jesus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Kristus" title="Jesus Kristus – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jesus Kristus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesu_Kristo" title="Jesu Kristo – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Jesu Kristo" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9sus-Chr%C3%AEt" title="Jésus-Chrît – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Jésus-Chrît" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesu" title="Jesu – Sotho Utara" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Jesu" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Sotho Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doodaatsaahii_(J%C3%AD%C3%ADsas)" title="Doodaatsaahii (Jíísas) – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Doodaatsaahii (Jíísas)" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesu_Kristu" title="Yesu Kristu – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Yesu Kristu" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A8sus_de_Nazaret" title="Jèsus de Nazaret – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jèsus de Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iisus" title="Iisus – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Iisus" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesuus" title="Yesuus – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Yesuus" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%81" title="ଯୀଶୁ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଯୀଶୁ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%A7%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Йесо Чырысти – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Йесо Чырысти" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B9" title="ਈਸਾ ਮਸੀਹ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਈਸਾ ਮਸੀਹ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Jesus" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesus" title="Hesus – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Hesus" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9sus-Crisse" title="Jésus-Crisse – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Jésus-Crisse" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jizos_Kraist" title="Jizos Kraist – Pidgin Nigeria" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Jizos Kraist" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Pidgin Nigeria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeesus_Grischdus" title="Yeesus Grischdus – Jerman Pennsylvania" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Yeesus Grischdus" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Pennsylvania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Christus" title="Jesus Christus – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Jesus Christus" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezus_Chrystus" title="Jezus Chrystus – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jezus Chrystus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ges%C3%B9_%C3%ABd_N%C3%A0saret" title="Gesù ëd Nàsaret – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gesù ëd Nàsaret" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9" title="یسوع – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یسوع" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="عيسی – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="عيسی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jesus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisus" title="Hisus – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hisus" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_da_Nazaret" title="Jesus da Nazaret – Reto-Roman" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Jesus da Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Roman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesu_Kristo" title="Yesu Kristo – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Yesu Kristo" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezu_Kirisitu" title="Yezu Kirisitu – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Yezu Kirisitu" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isus_din_Nazaret" title="Isus din Nazaret – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Isus din Nazaret" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isa_Hristo" title="Isa Hristo – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Isa Hristo" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Иисус Христос – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иисус Христос" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Ісус Хрістос – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ісус Хрістос" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezu_Kirisitu" title="Yezu Kirisitu – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Yezu Kirisitu" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="मरीयमिपुत्र – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मरीयमिपुत्र" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Иисус Христос – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Иисус Христос" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A9" title="ᱡᱤᱥᱩ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱤᱥᱩ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ges%C3%B9s" title="Gesùs – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Gesùs" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ges%C3%B9_Cristu" title="Gesù Cristu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gesù Cristu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Christ" title="Jesus Christ – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Jesus Christ" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%B0_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="عيسيٰ عليه السلام – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عيسيٰ عليه السلام" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Jesus" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isus" title="Isus – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Isus" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90isa" title="Ɛisa – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ɛisa" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9A" title="ජේසුස් වහන්සේ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජේසුස් වහන්සේ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jesus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C5%BEi%C5%A1_Kristus" title="Ježiš Kristus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ježiš Kristus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD" title="یسوع مسیح – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="یسوع مسیح" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezus_Kristus" title="Jezus Kristus – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jezus Kristus" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iesu_Keriso" title="Iesu Keriso – Samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Iesu Keriso" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeesus" title="Jeesus – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Jeesus" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesu" title="Yesu – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Yesu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciise" title="Ciise – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ciise" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezusi" title="Jezusi – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jezusi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81" title="Исус – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Исус" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesu" title="Jesu – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Jesu" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Kristus" title="Jesus Kristus – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Jesus Kristus" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jesus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesu" title="Yesu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Yesu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezus_Krystus" title="Jezus Krystus – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Jezus Krystus" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye-su" title="Ye-su – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Ye-su" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="இயேசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இயேசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%81" title="యేసు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="యేసు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Исо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Исо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9" title="พระเยซู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระเยซู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasyraly_Isa" title="Nasyraly Isa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Nasyraly Isa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesus" title="Hesus – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hesus" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeso_Keresete" title="Jeso Keresete – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Jeso Keresete" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%ABs%C5%AB_Kalaisi" title="Sīsū Kalaisi – Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Sīsū Kalaisi" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jisas" title="Jisas – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Jisas" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sa" title="İsa – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İsa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D3%99_%D0%BF%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%80" title="Гайсә пәйгамбәр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гайсә пәйгамбәр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesu_Khristu" title="Yesu Khristu – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Yesu Khristu" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesu_Kristo" title="Yesu Kristo – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Yesu Kristo" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iesu_Mesia" title="Iesu Mesia – Tahiti" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Iesu Mesia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%D9%8A%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ئىسا ئەلەيھىسسالام – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىسا ئەلەيھىسسالام" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Ісус Христос – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ісус Христос" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD" title="یسوع مسیح – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یسوع مسیح" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iso_Masih" title="Iso Masih – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Iso Masih" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jez%C3%B9" title="Jezù – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Jezù" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iisus_Hristos" title="Iisus Hristos – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Iisus Hristos" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%AA-su" title="Giê-su – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giê-su" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezus_van_Nazareth" title="Jezus van Nazareth – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Jezus van Nazareth" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesus_Kristus" title="Yesus Kristus – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Yesus Kristus" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djezus_d%27_Nazarete" title="Djezus d' Nazarete – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djezus d' Nazarete" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesucristo" title="Jesucristo – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Jesucristo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A9esu-kristaa" title="Yéesu-kristaa – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Yéesu-kristaa" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="耶稣 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="耶稣" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/UYesu_Kristu" title="UYesu Kristu – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="UYesu Kristu" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94" title="იოსე ქირსე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იოსე ქირსე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%95_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A9" title="אותו האיש – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אותו האיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9s%C3%B9" title="Jésù – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Jésù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezsuh" title="Yezsuh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yezsuh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezus" title="Jezus – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Jezus" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%84%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵄⵉⵙⴰ – Tamazight Maroko Standar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵄⵉⵙⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maroko Standar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="耶稣 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="耶稣" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C" title="耶穌 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="耶穌" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A2-so%CD%98" title="Iâ-so͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iâ-so͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C" title="耶穌 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="耶穌" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UJesu" title="UJesu – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UJesu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q302#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Untuk tokoh ini dalam sudut pandang <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, lihat <a href="/wiki/Isa" title="Isa">Isa</a>.</div> <div style="top:-90px;position: absolute;background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #F8F9FB,#F8F9FB,#F8F9FB,#F8F9FB, white); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, #F8F9FB,#F8F9FB,#F8F9FB,#F8F9FB, white); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, #F8F9FB,#F8F9FB,#F8F9FB,#F8F9FB, white); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #F8F9FB,#F8F9FB,#F8F9FB,#F8F9FB, white); background-image: linear-gradient(left, #F8F9FB,#F8F9FB,#F8F9FB,#F8F9FB, white);;margin-bottom:0.1em;width:98%;padding-left:1em;padding-right:0.1em; line-height:1.36;color:gray;border-left:5px solid gold"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Simbol artikel pilihan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg/15px-Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg/23px-Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg/30px-Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>Artikel ini telah <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Usulan/Yesus" title="Wikipedia:Artikel pilihan/Usulan/Yesus"><b><span style="color:gray">dinilai</span></b></a> sebagai <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AP"><span style="color:gray"><b>artikel pilihan</b></span></a> pada 28 April 2016</i> (<a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Yesus" title="Pembicaraan:Yesus"><b><span style="color:gray">Pembicaraan artikel</span></b></a>)</span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r27002510">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><span class="fn">Yesus</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg/220px-Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="410" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg/330px-Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg/440px-Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2023" data-file-height="3774" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Kristus_Pantokrator" title="Kristus Pantokrator">Kristus Pantokrator</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Biara_Santa_Katarina" title="Biara Santa Katarina">Biara Santa Katarina</a> di <a href="/wiki/Gunung_Sinai" title="Gunung Sinai">Gunung Sinai</a>, abad ke-6 M</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lahir</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><abbr title="circa (kira-kira)">ca</abbr> 4 SM<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Betlehem" title="Betlehem">Betlehem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetrarkhi_Yudea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrarkhi Yudea">Tetrarkhi Yudea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi" title="Kekaisaran Romawi">Kekaisaran Romawi</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meninggal</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">30–33 M<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />(usia <abbr title="circa (kira-kira)">ca</abbr> 33)<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Yerusalem" title="Yerusalem">Yerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Yudea" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Yudea">Yudea</a>, Kekaisaran Romawi</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sebab meninggal</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><a href="/wiki/Kematian_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kematian Yesus">Penyaliban</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kota asal</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><a href="/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret">Nazaret</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-externalid-url/?p=345&url_prefix=https://www.imdb.com/&id=nm1832670" title="IMDB: nm1832670"><img alt="IMDB: nm1832670" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Imdb_logo_rounded_corners.png/20px-Imdb_logo_rounded_corners.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Imdb_logo_rounded_corners.png/30px-Imdb_logo_rounded_corners.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Imdb_logo_rounded_corners.png/40px-Imdb_logo_rounded_corners.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/bde40933-e89b-4f10-8e52-faa040c4cae4" title="Musicbrainz: bde40933-e89b-4f10-8e52-faa040c4cae4" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Musicbrainz: bde40933-e89b-4f10-8e52-faa040c4cae4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/MusicBrainz_Logo_%282016%29.svg/19px-MusicBrainz_Logo_%282016%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/MusicBrainz_Logo_%282016%29.svg/29px-MusicBrainz_Logo_%282016%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/MusicBrainz_Logo_%282016%29.svg/39px-MusicBrainz_Logo_%282016%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="127" data-file-height="144" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/823412" title="Discogs: 823412" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Discogs: 823412" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Discogs.png/20px-Discogs.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Discogs.png/30px-Discogs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Discogs.png/40px-Discogs.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6017" title="Find a Grave: 6017" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Find a Grave: 6017" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/22px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/33px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/44px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="140" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302#identifiers" title="Modifica els identificadors a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica els identificadors a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/18px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/36px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333518">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Yesus" title="Kategori:Yesus">seri</a> tentang</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Yesus" title="Yesus"><img alt="Yesus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/JesusYeshua-id.svg/250px-JesusYeshua-id.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/JesusYeshua-id.svg/330px-JesusYeshua-id.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/JesusYeshua-id.svg/500px-JesusYeshua-id.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="234" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/Pandangan_Kristen_tentang_Yesus" title="Pandangan Kristen tentang Yesus">Pandangan Kristen</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kristus" title="Kristus">Kristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristologi" title="Kristologi">Kristologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nama_dan_gelar_Yesus" title="Nama dan gelar Yesus">Nama dan Gelar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehidupan_Yesus_dalam_Perjanjian_Baru" title="Kehidupan Yesus dalam Perjanjian Baru">Riwayat Hidup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injil" title="Injil">Injil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmoni_Injil" title="Harmoni Injil">Keselarasan Injil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_nama_tempat_dalam_Perjanjian_Baru#Berhubungan_dengan_Yesus_Kristus" title="Daftar nama tempat dalam Perjanjian Baru">Petilasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelahiran_Yesus_dari_perawan" title="Kelahiran Yesus dari perawan">Beribunda Perawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelahiran_Yesus" title="Kelahiran Yesus">Kelahiran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembaptisan_Yesus" title="Pembaptisan Yesus">Pembaptisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelayanan_Yesus" title="Pelayanan Yesus">Karya Pelayanan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khotbah_di_Bukit" title="Khotbah di Bukit">Khotbah di Bukit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukjizat_Yesus_Kristus" title="Mukjizat Yesus Kristus">Mukjizat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_Yesus" title="Perumpamaan Yesus">Perumpamaan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penistaan_Kristus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penistaan Kristus (halaman belum tersedia)">Penistaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyaliban_dan_kematian_Yesus" title="Penyaliban dan kematian Yesus">Penyaliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguburan_Yesus" title="Penguburan Yesus">Penguburan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_Yesus" title="Kebangkitan Yesus">Kebangkitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenaikan_Yesus_Kristus" title="Kenaikan Yesus Kristus">Kenaikan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketaatan_aktif_Kristus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketaatan aktif Kristus (halaman belum tersedia)">Ketaatan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristus_bersemayam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristus bersemayam (halaman belum tersedia)">Bersemayam di Surga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perantaraan_Kristus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perantaraan Kristus (halaman belum tersedia)">Perantaraan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedatangan_Kedua_Yesus_Kristus" title="Kedatangan Kedua Yesus Kristus">Kedatangan Ke-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relikui_yang_berhubungan_dengan_Yesus_Kristus" title="Relikui yang berhubungan dengan Yesus Kristus">Relikui</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/Isa" title="Isa">Isa</a> (Pandangan Islam)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almasih" title="Almasih">Almasih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injil_dalam_Islam" title="Injil dalam Islam">Injil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryam" title="Maryam">Maryam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murid-murid_Isa" title="Murid-murid Isa">Hawariyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandangan_Islam_mengenai_kematian_Isa" title="Pandangan Islam mengenai kematian Isa">Wafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam_Mahdi" title="Imam Mahdi">Almahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaumul_Qiyamah" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaumul Qiyamah">Hari Kiamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubah_Hijau" title="Kubah Hijau">Pusara</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latar_belakang_sejarah_Perjanjian_Baru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latar belakang sejarah Perjanjian Baru (halaman belum tersedia)">Latar Belakang</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latar_belakang_sejarah_Perjanjian_Baru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latar belakang sejarah Perjanjian Baru (halaman belum tersedia)">Latar Belakang Perjanjian Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram_Yesus" title="Bahasa Aram Yesus">Bahasa Tutur Yesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_dan_penampilan_Yesus" title="Ras dan penampilan Yesus">Ras Yesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silsilah_Yesus_Kristus" title="Silsilah Yesus Kristus">Silsilah Yesus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/Historisitas_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Historisitas Yesus">Pandangan Sejarah</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kronologi_kehidupan_Yesus" title="Kronologi kehidupan Yesus">Kronologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yesus_sebagai_tokoh_dalam_sejarah" title="Yesus sebagai tokoh dalam sejarah">Yesus Historis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historisitas_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Historisitas Yesus">Historisitas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Keandalan_sejarah_Kitab-kitab_Injil" title="Keandalan sejarah Kitab-kitab Injil">Injil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumber-sumber_untuk_historisitas_Yesus" title="Sumber-sumber untuk historisitas Yesus">Sumber-Sumber Perihal Historisitas Yesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencarian_akan_Yesus_historis" title="Pencarian akan Yesus historis">Mencari Yesus Historis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yesus_dalam_mitologi_komparatif" title="Yesus dalam mitologi komparatif">Mitologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_mitos_Yesus" title="Teori mitos Yesus">Teori Mitos Kristus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kecaman_terhadap_Yesus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kecaman terhadap Yesus (halaman belum tersedia)">Kecaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahun-tahun_Yesus_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Tahun-tahun Yesus yang tidak diketahui">Tahun-Tahun Senyap</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandangan_agama_tentang_Yesus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandangan agama tentang Yesus (halaman belum tersedia)">Pandangan lainnya</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pandangan_Yahudi_tentang_Yesus" title="Pandangan Yahudi tentang Yesus">Pandangan Yahudi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yesus_dalam_Talmud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yesus dalam Talmud (halaman belum tersedia)">Talmud</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yesus_dalam_Saintologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yesus dalam Saintologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Saintologi</a></li> <li>Pandangan tokoh sezaman <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tulisan_Yosefus_tentang_Yesus" title="Tulisan Yosefus tentang Yesus">Yosefus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keterangan_Tacitus_tentang_Kristus" title="Keterangan Tacitus tentang Kristus">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulisan_Mara_bar_Serapion_tentang_Yesus" title="Tulisan Mara bar Serapion tentang Yesus">Bar Serapion</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yesus_dalam_karya_seni" title="Yesus dalam karya seni">Yesus dalam Seni Budaya</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riwayat_hidup_Kristus_dalam_seni_rupa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riwayat hidup Kristus dalam seni rupa (halaman belum tersedia)">Penggambaran Kisah Hidup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yesus_dalam_karya_seni" title="Yesus dalam karya seni">Penggambaran Sosok</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yesuisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yesuisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Yesuisme</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.5em;"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/20px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Kristen" title="Portal:Kristen">Portal Kristen</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Allah-green.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/20px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Portal Islam</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Yesus" title="Templat:Yesus"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Yesus" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Yesus"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Yesus&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Yesus</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">bahasa Yunani</a>: <span lang="el">Ἰησοῦς</span>, <span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Iesous</i></span>; <abbr title="circa (kira-kira)">ca</abbr> 4 SM sampai 30–33 M; <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>: <span lang="ar">يسوع</span>; <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani" title="Bahasa Ibrani">bahasa Ibrani</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">יֵשׁוּ</span>‎), juga disebut sebagai <b>Yesus dari Nazaret</b> atau <b>Yesus <a href="/wiki/Kristus" title="Kristus">Kristus</a></b>, adalah tokoh sentral <a href="/wiki/Kekristenan" title="Kekristenan">Kekristenan</a>. Menurut semua <a href="/wiki/Denominasi_Kristen" title="Denominasi Kristen">denominasi Kristen</a>, Yesus dipandang sebagai Allah Putra (<a href="/wiki/Allah_Anak" title="Allah Anak">Allah Anak</a>). Namun, seluruh umat Kristen meyakini bahwa Yesus adalah <a href="/wiki/Mesias" title="Mesias">Mesias</a> (atau <a href="/wiki/Kristus" title="Kristus">Kristus</a>/<a href="/wiki/Almasih" title="Almasih">Almasih</a>, semuanya secara harfiah berarti "Yang Diurapi") yang dinantikan dalam <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Lama" title="Perjanjian Lama">Perjanjian Lama</a>. </p><p>Hampir semua akademisi setuju bahwa <a href="/wiki/Historisitas_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Historisitas Yesus">Yesus ada secara historis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan para sejarawan menganggap <a href="/wiki/Injil_Sinoptik" title="Injil Sinoptik">Injil Sinoptik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Injil_Matius" title="Injil Matius">Matius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Injil_Markus" title="Injil Markus">Markus</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Injil_Lukas" title="Injil Lukas">Lukas</a>) sebagai sumber terbaik untuk <a href="/wiki/Pencarian_akan_Yesus_historis" title="Pencarian akan Yesus historis">meneliti historisitas Yesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933Sanders199373TheissenMerz199825_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933Sanders199373TheissenMerz199825-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kebanyakan akademisi sepakat Yesus adalah orang <a href="/wiki/Galilea" title="Galilea">Galilea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabi" title="Rabi">rabi</a> <a href="/wiki/Yahudi" class="mw-disambig" title="Yahudi">Yahudi</a> yang mewartakan pesannya <a href="/wiki/Tradisi_Injil_lisan" title="Tradisi Injil lisan">secara lisan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pembaptisan_Yesus" title="Pembaptisan Yesus">dibaptis</a> oleh <a href="/wiki/Yohanes_Pembaptis" title="Yohanes Pembaptis">Yohanes Pembaptis</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Penyaliban_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Penyaliban Yesus">disalibkan</a> sesuai perintah <a href="/wiki/Gubernur_Romawi" title="Gubernur Romawi">Prefek Romawi</a> <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilatus" title="Pontius Pilatus">Pontius Pilatus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHezser199759Dunn2013290–291Levine20064_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHezser199759Dunn2013290–291Levine20064-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menurut pandangan aliran utama saat ini, Yesus adalah seorang pewarta <a href="/wiki/Apokaliptisisme" title="Apokaliptisisme">apokaliptik</a> dan pendiri sebuah gerakan pembaruan di dalam <a href="/wiki/Yudaisme" title="Yudaisme">Yudaisme</a>. Setelah kematiannya, pengikutnya percaya bahwa Yesus bangkit dari kematian, dan komunitas yang mereka bentuk kemudian menjadi Gereja Kristen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders199311,_14_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders199311,_14-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Era_kalender" title="Era kalender">Era kalender</a> yang paling umum, disingkat "M" (<a href="/wiki/Masehi" title="Masehi">Masehi</a>) dalam bahasa Indonesia atau disingkat "AD" dari bahasa Latin "<a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a>" ("dalam tahun Tuhan kita"), didasarkan pada kelahiran Yesus. Kelahiran Yesus dirayakan setiap tahun pada 25 Desember (atau beragam tanggal pada bulan Januari di dalam beberapa gereja timur) sebagai <a href="/wiki/Natal" title="Natal">Natal</a>. </p><p>Umat Kristen percaya bahwa Yesus memiliki suatu "signifikansi yang unik" di dunia.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Doktrin-doktrin Kristen mencakup keyakinan bahwa Yesus dikandung oleh <a href="/wiki/Roh_Kudus_(Kekristenan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roh Kudus (Kekristenan)">Roh Kudus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelahiran_Yesus_dari_perawan" title="Kelahiran Yesus dari perawan">dilahirkan dari seorang perawan</a> bernama <a href="/wiki/Maria" title="Maria">Maria</a>, melakukan berbagai <a href="/wiki/Mukjizat_Yesus_Kristus" title="Mukjizat Yesus Kristus">mukjizat</a>, mendirikan <a href="/wiki/Gereja" title="Gereja">Gereja</a>, mati karena penyaliban sebagai kurban untuk <a href="/wiki/Penebusan_Dosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Penebusan Dosa">penebusan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_Yesus" title="Kebangkitan Yesus">bangkit dari kematian</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kenaikan_Yesus_Kristus" title="Kenaikan Yesus Kristus">naik</a> ke <a href="/wiki/Surga_(Kekristenan)" title="Surga (Kekristenan)">Surga</a>, serta akan <a href="/wiki/Kedatangan_Kedua_Yesus_Kristus" title="Kedatangan Kedua Yesus Kristus">datang kembali ke bumi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrudem1994568–603_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrudem1994568–603-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebagian besar <a href="/wiki/Pandangan_Kristen_tentang_Yesus" title="Pandangan Kristen tentang Yesus">umat Kristen percaya bahwa Yesus</a> memungkinkan manusia untuk <a href="/wiki/Pendamaian_dalam_Kekristenan" title="Pendamaian dalam Kekristenan">didamaikan dengan Allah</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pengakuan_Iman_Nicea" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengakuan Iman Nicea">Pengakuan Iman Nicea</a> menegaskan bahwa Yesus akan <a href="/wiki/Pengadilan_Terakhir" title="Pengadilan Terakhir">menghakimi orang mati</a> baik <a href="/wiki/Keadaan_antara" title="Keadaan antara">sebelum</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Tidur_jiwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidur jiwa">setelah</a> <a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_orang_mati#Pandangan_dalam_Kekristenan" title="Kebangkitan orang mati">kebangkitan tubuh</a> mereka, suatu peristiwa yang juga dikaitkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Kedatangan_Kedua_Yesus_Kristus" title="Kedatangan Kedua Yesus Kristus">Kedatangan Kedua</a> Yesus di dalam <a href="/wiki/Eskatologi_Kristen" title="Eskatologi Kristen">eskatologi Kristen</a>; walaupun beberapa kalangan meyakini peranan Yesus sebagai juru selamat memiliki kepentingan yang lebih <a href="/wiki/Injil_Sosial" title="Injil Sosial">sosial</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Eksistensialisme_Kristen" title="Eksistensialisme Kristen">eksistensial</a> daripada akhirat, dan beberapa teolog terkenal telah mengemukakan bahwa Yesus akan membawa suatu <a href="/wiki/Rekonsiliasi_universal" title="Rekonsiliasi universal">rekonsiliasi universal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilhelm1911MetzgerCoogan1993649Hoekema199488–89Garrett2014766Erickson200195_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilhelm1911MetzgerCoogan1993649Hoekema199488–89Garrett2014766Erickson200195-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebagian terbesar dari kalangan Kristen menyembah Yesus sebagai <a href="/wiki/Inkarnasi_(Kekristenan)" title="Inkarnasi (Kekristenan)">penjelmaan</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Allah_Putra" class="mw-redirect" title="Allah Putra">Allah Putra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hipostasis_(filsafat_dan_agama)#Teologi_Kristen" title="Hipostasis (filsafat dan agama)">pribadi</a> kedua dalam satu <a href="/wiki/Trinitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinitas">Trinitas Ilahi</a>. Beberapa kelompok Kristen <a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarianisme" title="Nontrinitarianisme">menolak Trinitarianisme</a>, baik sebagian ataupun seluruhnya, karena mereka menganggapnya tidak selaras dengan kitab suci. </p><p>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Pandangan_Islam_tentang_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandangan Islam tentang Yesus">Islam</a>, Yesus (umumnya ditransliterasikan sebagai <i><a href="/wiki/Isa_(nama)" title="Isa (nama)">Isa</a></i>) dipandang sebagai <a href="/wiki/Al-Masih" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Masih">Al-Masih</a> (Mesias) dan salah satu <a href="/wiki/Nabi_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabi Islam">Nabi</a> <a href="/wiki/Tuhan_dalam_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuhan dalam Islam">Allah</a> yang penting. Menurut umat <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, Yesus merupakan seorang pembawa kitab suci dan dilahirkan dari seorang perawan, namun bukan Putra Allah. Bagi sebagian besar kalangan Muslim, Yesus <a href="#Islam">tidak disalibkan</a> tetapi secara jasmani <a href="/wiki/Memasuki_Surga_dalam_keadaan_hidup" title="Memasuki Surga dalam keadaan hidup">diangkat ke langit</a> oleh Allah. <a href="/wiki/Pandangan_Yahudi_tentang_Yesus" title="Pandangan Yahudi tentang Yesus">Yudaisme menolak</a> keyakinan bahwa Yesus adalah Mesias yang dinantikan, dengan alasan bahwa kematian Yesus di kayu salib menandakan bahwa ia ditolak oleh Allah dan kebangkitannya adalah suatu legenda Kristen.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologi">Etimologi</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/wiki/Yesus_(nama)" title="Yesus (nama)">Yesus (nama)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nama_Yesus_Yang_Tersuci" title="Nama Yesus Yang Tersuci">Nama Yesus Yang Tersuci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nama_Allah_dalam_Kekristenan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nama Allah dalam Kekristenan">Nama Allah dalam Kekristenan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yesua_(nama)" title="Yesua (nama)">Yesua (nama)</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yasu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yasu (halaman belum tersedia)">Yasu</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Isa_(nama)" title="Isa (nama)">Isa (nama)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:JesusYeshua2-id.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/JesusYeshua2-id.svg/250px-JesusYeshua2-id.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/JesusYeshua2-id.svg/330px-JesusYeshua2-id.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/JesusYeshua2-id.svg/500px-JesusYeshua2-id.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="348" /></a><figcaption>Transkripsi Ibrani, Yunani, dan Latin untuk nama Yesus.</figcaption></figure> <p>Orang <a href="/wiki/Yahudi" class="mw-disambig" title="Yahudi">Yahudi</a> biasa pada zaman Yesus hanya memiliki satu nama, terkadang <a href="/wiki/Patronimik" title="Patronimik">dilengkapi dengan nama ayahnya</a> atau kampung halamannya.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dengan demikian, dalam <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Baru" title="Perjanjian Baru">Perjanjian Baru</a>, Yesus umumnya disebut sebagai "Yesus dari Nazaret" (mis. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Markus%201%3A9&version=tb">Markus 1:9</a></span>) atau "Yesus orang Nazaret" (mis. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Markus%2010%3A47&version=tb">Markus 10:47</a></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Para tetangga Yesus di Nazaret mengenalinya sebagai "tukang kayu, anak Maria, saudara Yakobus, Yoses, Yudas dan Simon" (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Markus%206%3A3&version=tb">Markus 6:3</a></span>), "anak tukang kayu" (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Matius%2013%3A55&version=tb">Matius 13:55</a></span>), atau "anak Yusuf" (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%204%3A22&version=tb">Lukas 4:22</a></span>). Dalam Injil Yohanes, Filipus menyebut Yesus sebagai "Yesus anak Yusuf dari Nazaret" (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Yohanes%201%3A45&version=tb">Yohanes 1:45</a></span>). </p><p>Nama "Yesus" berasal dari nama <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">Latin</a> <i>Iesus</i>, <a href="/wiki/Transliterasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Transliterasi">transliterasi</a> dari nama <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">Yunani</a> <span lang="grc">Ἰησοῦς</span> (<i><span lang="grc-Latn">Iesous</span></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-CE_name_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CE_name-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bentuk Yunani tersebut merupakan terjemahan dari nama <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani" title="Bahasa Ibrani">Ibrani</a> <span lang="arc" dir="rtl">ישו</span> (<i><a href="/wiki/Yesua_(nama)" title="Yesua (nama)">Yeshua</a></i>; "Yesua" dalam bahasa Indonesia), suatu varian dari <span lang="arc" dir="rtl">יהושע</span> (<i><a href="/wiki/Yosua_(nama)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Yosua (nama)">Yehoshua</a></i>; "Yosua" dalam bahasa Indonesia) yang adalah nama sebelumnya.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EhrmanDid29_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EhrmanDid29-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nama <i>Yesua</i> tampaknya telah digunakan di Yudea pada waktu kelahiran Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karya-karya abad pertama dari sejarawan <a href="/wiki/Yosefus" class="mw-redirect" title="Yosefus">Flavius Yosefus</a>, yang menulis dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani_Koine" title="Bahasa Yunani Koine">bahasa Yunani Koine</a>, yaitu bahasa yang sama seperti yang digunakan dalam Perjanjian Baru,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> menyebutkan setidaknya dua puluh orang berbeda dengan nama Yesus (yaitu Ἰησοῦς).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddyBoyd2007129_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddyBoyd2007129-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Etimologi" title="Etimologi">Etimologi</a> dari nama Yesus dalam konteks Perjanjian Baru pada umumnya disampaikan sebagai "<a href="/wiki/Yahweh" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a> adalah keselamatan".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance200753_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance200753-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sejak awal Kekristenan, umat Kristen telah lazim menyebut Yesus sebagai "Yesus Kristus".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoninger1999212_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoninger1999212-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kata <i><a href="/wiki/Kristus" title="Kristus">Kristus</a></i> (<i>Christ</i> dalam bahasa Inggris) berasal dari kata Yunani <span lang="grc">Χριστός</span> (<i>Christos</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-CE_name_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CE_name-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang adalah terjemahan dari kata Ibrani <span lang="he"> מָשִׁיחַ</span> (<i><span class="Unicode">Meshiakh</span></i>), artinya yang "<a href="/wiki/Perminyakan_(agama)" title="Perminyakan (agama)">diurapi</a>" dan biasanya ditransliterasi ke dalam bahasa Inggris sebagai "<a href="/wiki/Mesias" title="Mesias">Messiah</a>" ("Mesias" dalam bahasa Indonesia).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVine1940274–275_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVine1940274–275-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Umat Kristen menetapkan Yesus sebagai Kristus karena mereka percaya bahwa Yesus adalah Mesias yang dinantikan, <a href="/wiki/Yesus_dan_nubuat_mesianik" title="Yesus dan nubuat mesianik">dinubuatkan</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Alkitab_Ibrani" title="Alkitab Ibrani">Alkitab Ibrani</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Lama" title="Perjanjian Lama">Perjanjian Lama</a> (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Yohanes%204%3A25-26&version=tb">Yohanes 4:25–26</a></span>). Dalam penggunaan pasca penulisan Alkitab, <i>Kristus</i> menjadi dipandang sebagai sebuah nama—salah satu bagian dari "Yesus Kristus"—tetapi pada awalnya merupakan sebuah gelar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPannenberg196830–31_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPannenberg196830–31-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Istilah "Kristen" atau "Kristiani" (artinya "orang yang terikat kesetiaan kepada pribadi Kristus" atau cukup "pengikut Kristus" saja) telah digunakan sejak abad pertama.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMillsBullard1998[https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&lpg=PA142&pg=PA142#v=onepage&q=142%20allegiance&f=false_142]_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMillsBullard1998[https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&lpg=PA142&pg=PA142#v=onepage&q=142%2520allegiance&f=false_142]-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Laporan_Injil_kanonik">Laporan Injil kanonik</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Kronologi_kehidupan_Yesus" title="Kronologi kehidupan Yesus">Kronologi kehidupan Yesus</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kehidupan_Yesus_dalam_Perjanjian_Baru" title="Kehidupan Yesus dalam Perjanjian Baru">Kehidupan Yesus dalam Perjanjian Baru</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Daftar_nama_tempat_dalam_Perjanjian_Baru" title="Daftar nama tempat dalam Perjanjian Baru">Daftar nama tempat dalam Perjanjian Baru</a></div> <p>Keempat <a href="/wiki/Injil_kanonik" class="mw-redirect" title="Injil kanonik">Injil kanonik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Injil_Markus" title="Injil Markus">Markus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Injil_Matius" title="Injil Matius">Matius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Injil_Lukas" title="Injil Lukas">Lukas</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Injil_Yohanes" title="Injil Yohanes">Yohanes</a>) adalah satu-satunya sumber yang substansial terkait kehidupan dan pesan Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bagian-bagian lainnya dalam Perjanjian Baru, seperti <a href="/wiki/Surat-surat_Paulus" title="Surat-surat Paulus">surat-surat Paulus</a>, kemungkinan ditulis beberapa dekade sebelum Injil dan menyertakan berbagai referensi terkait peristiwa-peristiwa penting dalam kehidupan Yesus, misalnya <a href="/wiki/Perjamuan_Terakhir" class="mw-redirect" title="Perjamuan Terakhir">Perjamuan Terakhir</a> dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?1%20Korintus%2011%3A23-26&version=tb">1 Korintus 11:23–26</a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009441–442_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009441–442-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fahlbusch52_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fahlbusch52-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003465–477_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003465–477-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kisah_Para_Rasul" title="Kisah Para Rasul">Kisah Para Rasul</a> 10:37–38 dan 19:4 menyebutkan pelayanan awal Yesus yang didahului oleh Yohanes Pembaptis.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruce1988_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruce1988-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERausch200377_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERausch200377-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Kisah%20Para%20Rasul%201%3A1-11&version=tb">Kisah Para Rasul 1:1–11</a></span> lebih banyak menceritakan perihal <a href="/wiki/Kenaikan_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenaikan Yesus">Kenaikan Yesus</a> (juga disebutkan dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?1%20Timotius%203%3A16&version=tb">1 Timotius 3:16</a></span>) daripada Injil kanonik.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003521–530_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003521–530-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beberapa kelompok <a href="/wiki/Gnostisisme" title="Gnostisisme">Gnostik</a> dan Kristen awal memiliki deskripsi tersendiri mengenai kehidupan dan ajaran Yesus yang tidak termasuk dalam Perjanjian Baru. Tulisan-tulisan ini meliputi <a href="/wiki/Injil_Tomas" title="Injil Tomas">Injil Tomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Injil_Petrus" title="Injil Petrus">Injil Petrus</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Apokrifon_Yakobus" title="Apokrifon Yakobus">Apokrifon Yakobus</a>, di antara <a href="/wiki/Apokrifa_Perjanjian_Baru" title="Apokrifa Perjanjian Baru">banyak tulisan apokrif lainnya</a>. Kebanyakan akademisi memandangnya sebagai laporan-laporan yang kurang dapat diandalkan dan dituliskan jauh di kemudian hari dibandingkan dengan Injil kanonik.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1997835–840_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1997835–840-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChiltonEvans1998482_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChiltonEvans1998482-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Injil-Injil_kanonik">Injil-Injil kanonik</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Injil" title="Injil">Injil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harmoni_Injil" title="Harmoni Injil">Harmoni Injil</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Konsistensi_internal_Alkitab" title="Konsistensi internal Alkitab">Konsistensi internal Alkitab</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:P._Chester_Beatty_I,_folio_13-14,_recto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/P._Chester_Beatty_I%2C_folio_13-14%2C_recto.jpg/220px-P._Chester_Beatty_I%2C_folio_13-14%2C_recto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/P._Chester_Beatty_I%2C_folio_13-14%2C_recto.jpg/330px-P._Chester_Beatty_I%2C_folio_13-14%2C_recto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/P._Chester_Beatty_I%2C_folio_13-14%2C_recto.jpg/440px-P._Chester_Beatty_I%2C_folio_13-14%2C_recto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="287" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah <a href="/wiki/Papirus" title="Papirus">papirus</a> Yunani abad ke-3 berisikan <a href="/wiki/Injil_Lukas" title="Injil Lukas">Injil Lukas</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Injil kanonik terdiri atas empat laporan, masing-masing ditulis oleh seorang penulis yang berbeda. Sampai abad ke-18, <a href="/wiki/Injil_Matius" title="Injil Matius">Injil Matius</a> secara aklamasi diyakini sebagai Injil yang pertama kali ditulis. Menurut <a href="/wiki/Prioritas_Markus" title="Prioritas Markus">prioritas Markus</a> yang muncul pada abad ke-19, yang pertama dituliskan adalah Injil Markus (ditulis tahun 60–75 M), diikuti oleh Injil Matius (65–85 M), Injil Lukas (65–95 M), dan Injil Yohanes (75–100 M).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di antara keempat laporan tersebut terdapat berbagai perbedaan konten dan urutan peristiwa.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-White_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sesuai tradisi, penulisan Injil telah dikaitkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Keempat_Penginjil" title="Keempat Penginjil">empat penginjil</a> yang memiliki hubungan dekat dengan Yesus:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Injil Markus ditulis oleh <a href="/wiki/Yohanes_Markus" title="Yohanes Markus">Yohanes Markus</a>, seorang kolega Petrus;<sup id="cite_ref-May_Metzger_Mark_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-May_Metzger_Mark-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Injil Matius ditulis oleh salah seorang murid Yesus;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Injil Lukas ditulis oleh salah seorang rekan Paulus, orang yang disebutkan di dalam beberapa surat;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan Injil Yohanes ditulis oleh murid Yesus lainnya,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang kenyataannya merupakan bagian dari suatu kelompok dalam para murid, bersama dengan Petrus dan Yakobus saudara Yohanes.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tiga dari keempat laporan tersebut, yaitu Injil Matius, Injil Markus, dan Injil Lukas, dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Injil_Sinoptik" title="Injil Sinoptik">Injil Sinoptik</a>, dinamakan demikian dari kata Yunani σύν (<i>syn</i> "bersama") dan ὄψις (<i>opsis</i> "pandangan").<sup id="cite_ref-Synoptic_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Synoptic-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Synoptic2_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Synoptic2-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ketiganya memiliki keserupaan dalam konten, penataan naratif, struktur paragraf dan bahasa.<sup id="cite_ref-Synoptic_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Synoptic-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Synoptic2_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Synoptic2-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sejumlah akademisi berpendapat bahwa sulit untuk menemukan hubungan literer langsung antara Injil-Injil Sinoptik dan Injil Yohanes.<sup id="cite_ref-Moloney3_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moloney3-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alur beberapa peristiwa (seperti <a href="/wiki/Pembaptisan_Yesus" title="Pembaptisan Yesus">pembaptisan Yesus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transfigurasi_Kristus" title="Transfigurasi Kristus">transfigurasi</a>, penyaliban, dan interaksi dengan <a href="/wiki/Keduabelas_rasul" class="mw-redirect" title="Keduabelas rasul">para rasul</a>) diceritakan dalam semua Injil Sinoptik, namun insiden seperti transfigurasi tidak tampak dalam Injil Yohanes, yang juga berbeda dalam hal-hal lainnya —misalnya <a href="/wiki/Pembersihan_Bait_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembersihan Bait Allah">Pembersihan Bait Allah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 89%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Yesus dalam Injil Sinoptik</th> <th>Yesus dalam Injil Yohanes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Dimulai dari pembaptisan Yesus atau kelahiran dari seorang perawan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Dimulai dari kisah penciptaan, tidak ada cerita kelahiran.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dibaptis oleh Yohanes Pembaptis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Diandaikan ada pembaptisan namun tidak disebutkan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mengajar dengan perumpamaan dan aforisme.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Mengajar dengan jalinan percakapan yang panjang.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mengajar secara khusus mengenai Kerajaan Allah, sedikit tentang diri sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Mengajar secara khusus dan ekstensif tentang diri sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Berbicara bagi orang miskin dan tertindas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Berbicara sedikit tentang orang miskin atau tertindas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mengusir setan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitherington1997113_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitherington1997113-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Tidak mengusir setan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitherington1997113_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitherington1997113-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pelayanan publik berlangsung selama minimal satu tahun.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Pelayanan publik berlangsung selama tiga tahun.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pembersihan Bait Allah terjadi saat akhir masa pelayanan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Pembersihan Bait Allah terjadi saat awal masa pelayanan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yesus mengantar ke dalam suatu perjanjian baru melalui Perjamuan Terakhir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Yesus membasuh kaki para murid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Kebanyakan akademisi sependapat bahwa, mengikuti apa yang dikenal sebagai "hipotesis Markus",<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> para penulis Injil Matius dan Injil Lukas menggunakan Injil Markus sebagai salah satu sumber rujukan untuk penulisan injil mereka. Injil Matius dan Injil Lukas juga memuat beberapa konten yang tidak ditemukan dalam Injil Markus. Untuk menjelaskan hal ini, banyak akademisi yang meyakini bahwa selain Injil Markus kedua penulis tersebut juga menggunakan sumber lain (umumnya disebut "<a href="/wiki/Sumber_Q" title="Sumber Q">sumber Q</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELicona2010210–21_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELicona2010210–21-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Menurut suatu konsensus keilmuan umum, Injil Sinoptik, bukan Injil Yohanes, merupakan sumber utama informasi sejarah mengenai Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders199371_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders199371-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199817–62_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199817–62-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun demikian tidak semua yang terkandung dalam Injil Perjanjian Baru dipandang dapat diandalkan secara historis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders19933_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders19933-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elemen-elemen yang keaslian historisnya diperdebatkan misalnya <a href="/wiki/Kelahiran_Yesus" title="Kelahiran Yesus">Kelahiran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pembantaian_Kanak-Kanak_Suci" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembantaian Kanak-Kanak Suci">Pembantaian Kanak-Kanak Suci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_Yesus" title="Kebangkitan Yesus">Kebangkitan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenaikan_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenaikan Yesus">Kenaikan</a>, beberapa <a href="/wiki/Mukjizat_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukjizat Yesus">mukjizat Yesus</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Pengadilan_Yesus" title="Pengadilan Yesus">pengadilan Mahkamah Agama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossanWatts1999108_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossanWatts1999108-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2003779–781_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003779–781-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pandangan-pandangan mengenai Injil berkisar dari keberadaannya sebagai deskripsi-deskripsi <a href="/wiki/Ineransi_Alkitab" class="mw-redirect" title="Ineransi Alkitab">tanpa salah</a> tentang kehidupan Yesus<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrudem199490–91_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrudem199490–91-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hingga ketersediaannya akan informasi historis yang sedikit tentang kehidupan Yesus selain yang mendasar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009117–125_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009117–125-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman199922–23_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman199922–23-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Injil Sinoptik menekankan aspek-aspek berbeda mengenai Yesus. Dalam Injil Markus, Yesus adalah Putra Allah dengan mukjizat-mukjizat yang memperlihatkan adanya <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Allah" title="Kerajaan Allah">Kerajaan Allah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-May_Metzger_Mark_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-May_Metzger_Mark-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yesus ditampilkan sebagai seorang pembuat mukjizat yang tak kenal lelah, pelayan Allah sekaligus manusia.<sup id="cite_ref-ThompsonPortraits_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThompsonPortraits-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Injil yang singkat ini mencatat beberapa perkataan atau ajaran Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-May_Metzger_Mark_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-May_Metzger_Mark-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Injil Matius menekankan bahwa Yesus merupakan pemenuhan kehendak Allah sebagaimana dinyatakan dalam Perjanjian Lama, dan adalah Tuhan dari Gereja.<sup id="cite_ref-May_Metzger_Matthew_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-May_Metzger_Matthew-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia adalah Mesias yang meraja, disebut berulang kali sebagai "raja" dan "<a href="/wiki/Garis_Daud" title="Garis Daud">Putra Daud</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-ThompsonPortraits_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThompsonPortraits-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ciri penting dari Injil ini adalah kelima diskursus, kumpulan ajaran-ajaran terkait tema tertentu, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Khotbah_di_Bukit" title="Khotbah di Bukit">Khotbah di Bukit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-May_Metzger_Matthew_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-May_Metzger_Matthew-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Injil Lukas menyajikan Yesus sebagai juru selamat insani-ilahiah yang menunjukkan kasih sayang kepada yang membutuhkannya.<sup id="cite_ref-May_Metzger_Luke_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-May_Metzger_Luke-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia diperlihatkan sebagai teman orang-orang berdosa dan yang terkucilkan, datang untuk mencari dan menyelamatkan mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-ThompsonPortraits_80-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThompsonPortraits-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Injil ini memuat perumpamaan-perumpamaan favorit Yesus seperti <a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_orang_Samaria_yang_murah_hati" title="Perumpamaan orang Samaria yang murah hati">Orang Samaria yang Baik Hati</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_anak_yang_hilang" title="Perumpamaan anak yang hilang">Anak yang Hilang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-May_Metzger_Luke_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-May_Metzger_Luke-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Injil Sinoptik dan Injil Yohanes memiliki kesesuaian dalam hal garis besar utama kehidupan Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCCgospelJohn_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCCgospelJohn-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yohanes Pembaptis mendahului Yesus, dikatakan bahwa pelayanan mereka sempat bersinggungan, dan Yohanes memberikan kesaksian perihal identitas Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCCgospelJohn_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCCgospelJohn-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yesus memberikan pengajaran dan melakukan berbagai mukjizat, paling tidak sebagian terjadi di Galilea.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCCgospelJohn_83-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCCgospelJohn-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia kemudian mengunjungi Yerusalem di mana para pemimpin di sana menyalibkan Yesus, dan kemudian dimakamkan.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCCgospelJohn_83-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCCgospelJohn-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah itu makam Yesus ditemukan kosong pada hari Minggu, dan Yesus yang bangkit menampakkan diri kepada para pengikut-Nya.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCCgospelJohn_83-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCCgospelJohn-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prolog Injil Yohanes mengidentifikasi Yesus sebagi penjelmaan dari Firman ilahi (<a href="/wiki/Logos_(Kekristenan)" title="Logos (Kekristenan)">Logos</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-MayMetzgerJohn_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MayMetzgerJohn-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebagai Firman, Yesus hadir dalam kekekalan bersama dengan Allah, beraktivitas dalam seluruh ciptaan, serta sumber kodrat rohani dan moral manusia.<sup id="cite_ref-MayMetzgerJohn_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MayMetzgerJohn-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dengan prolog ini, penginjil tersebut menetapkan bahwa Yesus tidak hanya lebih besar daripada para nabi insani masa lampau tetapi lebih besar daripada semua nabi yang pernah ada. Dijelaskan bahwa Yesus tidak hanya berbicara tentang Firman Allah, tetapi Yesus adalah Firman Allah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985302–310_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985302–310-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam Injil Yohanes, Yesus mengungkapkan peran ilahi-Nya secara terbuka. Di sini Ia menyatakan diri sebagai Roti Hidup, Terang Dunia, Pokok Anggur Yang Benar, dan pernyataan lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-ThompsonPortraits_80-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThompsonPortraits-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Secara umum, para penulis Perjanjian Baru kurang berminat dalam memberikan penyajian suatu kronologi yang mutlak tentang Yesus atau dalam menyelaraskan peristiwa-peristiwa kehidupan Yesus dengan sejarah sekuler pada zaman itu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERahner2004730–731_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERahner2004730–731-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebagaimana dinyatakan dalam Yohanes 21:25, Injil tidak mengklaim ketersediaan suatu daftar lengkap perihal peristiwa-peristiwa dalam kehidupan Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laporan-laporan tersebut utamanya ditulis sebagai dokumen teologis dalam konteks <a href="/wiki/Gereja_perdana" title="Gereja perdana">Kekristenan awal</a>, garis waktunya hanya merupakan salah satu pertimbangan sekunder.<sup id="cite_ref-Wiarda75_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiarda75-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salah satu perwujudan Injil sebagai dokumen teologis daripada sekadar kronik sejarah yaitu bahwa sekitar sepertiga isi laporan-laporan tersebut mengisahkan tujuh hari atau minggu terakhir kehidupan Yesus di <a href="/wiki/Yerusalem" title="Yerusalem">Yerusalem</a>, yang disebut sebagai <a href="/wiki/Kisah_Sengsara_(Kekristenan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kisah Sengsara (Kekristenan)">Kisah Sengsara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Turner613_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turner613-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kendati Injil tidak menyediakan detail yang memadai untuk memenuhi tuntutan para sejarawan modern terkait berbagai kepastian penanggalan, namun dimungkinkan untuk memanfaatkannya sebagai gambaran umum kisah kehidupan Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders19933_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders19933-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERahner2004730–731_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERahner2004730–731-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wiarda75_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiarda75-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genealogi_dan_kelahiran">Genealogi dan kelahiran</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Silsilah_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Silsilah Yesus">Silsilah Yesus</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kelahiran_Yesus" title="Kelahiran Yesus">Kelahiran Yesus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_(1622).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_%281622%29.jpg/250px-Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_%281622%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_%281622%29.jpg/330px-Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_%281622%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_%281622%29.jpg/500px-Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_%281622%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2057" data-file-height="1690" /></a><figcaption><i>Penyembahan Para Gembala</i> karya <a href="/wiki/Gerard_van_Honthorst" title="Gerard van Honthorst">Gerard van Honthorst</a>, 1622.</figcaption></figure> <p>Injil Matius dan Injil Lukas menyajikan genealogi atau silsilah Yesus. Injil Matius menelusuri garis keturunan Yesus sampai kepada <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>, melalui <a href="/wiki/Daud" title="Daud">Daud</a>. Injil Lukas menelusuri garis keturunan Yesus melalui <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> sampai kepada Allah.<sup id="cite_ref-MaryBrown_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MaryBrown-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daftar-daftar tersebut identik antara Abraham dan Daud, tetapi sangat berbeda mulai dari Daud sampai kepada Yesus. Para akademisi Kristen lazimnya (dimulai dengan sejarawan <a href="/wiki/Eusebius" class="mw-disambig" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) telah mengemukakan berbagai teori yang berupaya menjelaskan perbedaan garis keturunan tersebut,<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> misalnya bahwa laporan Injil Matius didasarkan pada garis keturunan Yusuf sedangkan Injil Lukas didasarkan pada garis keturunan Maria. Akademisi biblika modern seperti <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Borg" title="Marcus Borg">Marcus Borg</a> dan <a href="/wiki/John_Dominic_Crossan" title="John Dominic Crossan">John Dominic Crossan</a> menganggap kedua silsilah tersebut sebagai invensi untuk menyesuaikan dengan konvensi sastra Yahudi.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Injil Matius dan Injil Lukas mendeskripsikan kelahiran Yesus, khususnya bahwa Yesus dilahirkan dari seorang perawan di <a href="/wiki/Betlehem" title="Betlehem">Betlehem</a> sebagai pemenuhan nubuat para nabi. Laporan dari Injil Lukas menekankan peristiwa-peristiwa sebelum kelahiran Yesus dan berpusat pada Maria, sementara Injil Matius kebanyakan mencakup peristiwa-peristiwa setelah kelahiran dan berpusat pada Yusuf.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMillsBullard1998556_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMillsBullard1998556-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-marsh37_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marsh37-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris199226_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris199226-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kedua laporan tersebut menyatakan bahwa Yesus dilahirkan bagi <a href="/wiki/Santo_Yusuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo Yusuf">Yusuf</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Maria" title="Maria">Maria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pertunangan" title="Pertunangan">tunangannya</a>, di Betlehem, dan kedua laporan tersebut mendukung doktrin <a href="/wiki/Kelahiran_Yesus_dari_perawan" title="Kelahiran Yesus dari perawan">kelahiran dari perawan</a> yang menyatakan bahwa Yesus dikandung secara ajaib dari <a href="/wiki/Roh_Kudus_(Kekristenan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roh Kudus (Kekristenan)">Roh Kudus</a> di dalam rahim Maria dan ia tetap seorang perawan.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeffrey_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeffrey-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley200730–37_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxEasley200730–37-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kelahiran dari perawan telah menjadi salah satu ajaran yang konsisten dalam keyakinan Kristen ortodoks, walaupun sejumlah teolog liberal mempertanyakannya selama 150 tahun terakhir ini.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Injil Matius berulang kali mengutip Perjanjian Lama untuk mendukung keyakinan bahwa Yesus adalah Mesias yang dijanjikan untuk bangsa Yahudi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985275_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985275-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam Injil Matius, Yusuf mengalami kegundahan karena Maria, tunangannya, telah hamil (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Matius%201%3A19-20&version=tb">Matius 1:19–20</a></span>), tetapi dalam <a href="/wiki/Mimpi_St._Yusuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Mimpi St. Yusuf">mimpi pertama Yusuf</a> seorang malaikat meyakinkannya agar tidak takut untuk mengambil Maria sebagai istrinya karena anak yang dikandungnya dikandung dari Roh Kudus.<sup id="cite_ref-Talbert_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Talbert-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Matius%202%3A1-12&version=tb">Matius 2:1–12</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Orang-orang_majus_dari_Timur" title="Orang-orang majus dari Timur">orang-orang Majus</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Magi" class="mw-redirect" title="Magi">Magi</a> dari Timur membawakan hadiah-hadiah bagi bayi Yesus yang dipandang sebagai <a href="/wiki/INRI" title="INRI">Raja Orang Yahudi</a>. Herodes mendengar perihal kelahiran Yesus, dan ia ingin membunuh Yesus sehingga memerintahkan <a href="/wiki/Pembantaian_Kanak-Kanak_Suci" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembantaian Kanak-Kanak Suci">pembunuhan semua bayi laki-laki di Betlehem</a>. Tetapi seorang malaikat memperingatkan Yusuf dalam mimpinya yang kedua, dan keluarga tersebut <a href="/wiki/Pelarian_ke_Mesir" title="Pelarian ke Mesir">melarikan diri ke Mesir</a> —untuk kemudian kembali dan menetap di <a href="/wiki/Nazaret" title="Nazaret">Nazaret</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Talbert_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Talbert-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985272–285_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985272–285-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Menurut <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%201%3A31-38&version=tb">Lukas 1:31–38</a></span>, Maria mengetahui dari malaikat <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a> bahwa ia akan mengandung dan melahirkan seorang anak yang disebut Yesus melalui tindakan Roh Kudus.<sup id="cite_ref-marsh37_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marsh37-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jeffrey_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeffrey-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada waktu Maria akan melahirkan, ia dan Yusuf melakukan perjalanan dari Nazaret ke kampung halaman Yusuf di Betlehem untuk mendaftarkan diri dalam sensus yang diperintahkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Kaisar Agustus</a>. Ketika berada di sana Maria melahirkan Yesus, dan karena mereka tidak mendapat tempat di rumah penginapan, ia menempatkan bayi yang baru dilahirkannya di dalam sebuah <a href="/wiki/Palungan" title="Palungan">palungan</a> (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%202%3A1-7&version=tb">Lukas 2:1–7</a></span>). Seorang <a href="/wiki/Kabar_gembira_kepada_para_gembala" title="Kabar gembira kepada para gembala">malaikat mengabarkan kelahiran itu kepada beberapa gembala</a>, selanjutnya mereka pergi ke Betlehem untuk melihat Yesus dan kemudian menyebarkan berita tersebut (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%202%3A8-20&version=tb">Lukas 2:8–20</a></span>). Setelah <a href="/wiki/Yesus_dipersembahkan_di_Bait_Allah" title="Yesus dipersembahkan di Bait Allah">mempersembahkan Yesus di Bait Allah</a>, Yusuf, Maria, dan Yesus kembali ke Nazaret.<sup id="cite_ref-marsh37_95-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marsh37-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jeffrey_97-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeffrey-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Masa_muda,_pekerjaan,_dan_profesi"><span id="Masa_muda.2C_pekerjaan.2C_dan_profesi"></span>Masa muda, pekerjaan, dan profesi</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Kanak-kanak_Yesus" title="Kanak-kanak Yesus">Kanak-kanak Yesus</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Kembalinya_keluarga_Yesus_ke_Nazaret" title="Kembalinya keluarga Yesus ke Nazaret">Kembalinya keluarga Yesus ke Nazaret</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tahun-tahun_Yesus_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Tahun-tahun Yesus yang tidak diketahui">Tahun-tahun Yesus yang tidak diketahui</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Jesus_Found_in_the_Temple_(Jesus_retrouv%C3%A9_dans_le_temple)_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Jesus_Found_in_the_Temple_%28Jesus_retrouv%C3%A9_dans_le_temple%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg/250px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Jesus_Found_in_the_Temple_%28Jesus_retrouv%C3%A9_dans_le_temple%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Jesus_Found_in_the_Temple_%28Jesus_retrouv%C3%A9_dans_le_temple%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg/330px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Jesus_Found_in_the_Temple_%28Jesus_retrouv%C3%A9_dans_le_temple%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Jesus_Found_in_the_Temple_%28Jesus_retrouv%C3%A9_dans_le_temple%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg/500px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Jesus_Found_in_the_Temple_%28Jesus_retrouv%C3%A9_dans_le_temple%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="1455" /></a><figcaption>Yesus dalam usia 12 tahun <a href="/wiki/Yesus_ditemukan_di_Bait_Allah" title="Yesus ditemukan di Bait Allah">ditemukan di Bait Allah</a>, lukisan karya James Tissot.</figcaption></figure> <p>Rumah masa kecil Yesus diidentifikasi dalam Injil Lukas dan Injil Matius sebagai kota Nazaret di Galilea di mana Yesus tinggal bersama keluarga-Nya. Yusuf ditampilkan dalam deskripsi-deskripsi masa kanak-kanak Yesus, namun tidak disebutkan lagi setelahnya.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anggota keluarga Yesus yang lainnya—ibu-Nya, Maria, <a href="/wiki/Saudara-saudara_Yesus" title="Saudara-saudara Yesus">saudara-saudara-Nya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yakobus,_saudara_Yesus" title="Yakobus, saudara Yesus">Yakobus</a>, Yoses (atau Yusuf), Yudas, Simon, dan saudari-saudari yang tidak disebutkan namanya—tercatat dalam Injil dan sumber-sumber lain.<sup id="cite_ref-Aslan2013_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aslan2013-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Menurut Stephen L. Harris, Injil Markus menyampaikan bahwa Yesus terlibat konflik dengan para tetangga dan kaum keluarga-Nya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985270–272_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985270–272-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saudara-saudara_Yesus" title="Saudara-saudara Yesus">Saudara-saudara</a> dan ibu Yesus datang untuk menjemput Yesus (Markus 3:31–35) karena orang-orang mengatakan bahwa Ia sudah tidak waras (3:21). Yesus menanggapi bahwa mereka yang melakukan kehendak Allah adalah keluarga-Nya yang sebenarnya. Dalam Injil Yohanes, Maria mengikuti Yesus sampai saat penyaliban, dan Yesus mengekspresikan kepedulian terhadap sang ibu (19:25–27). </p><p>Yesus disebut sebagai seorang τέκτων (<i>tekton</i>) dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Markus%206%3A3&version=tb">Markus 6:3</a></span>, menurut tradisi dipahami sebagai tukang kayu tetapi dapat juga mencakup para pembuat benda dalam berbagai bahan, termasuk pembangun.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDickson200868–69_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDickson200868–69-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Injil memperlihatkan bahwa Yesus dapat membaca, memparafrasakan, dan berdebat kitab suci, tetapi belum tentu berarti bahwa Yesus menerima pelatihan menulis secara formal.<sup id="cite_ref-literacy_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-literacy-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pembaptisan_dan_pencobaan">Pembaptisan dan pencobaan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pembaptisan_Yesus" title="Pembaptisan Yesus">Pembaptisan Yesus</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pencobaan_Yesus" title="Pencobaan Yesus">Pencobaan Yesus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Trevisani_baptism_christ.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Trevisani_baptism_christ.JPG/170px-Trevisani_baptism_christ.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Trevisani_baptism_christ.JPG/255px-Trevisani_baptism_christ.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Trevisani_baptism_christ.JPG/340px-Trevisani_baptism_christ.JPG 2x" data-file-width="779" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Penggambaran oleh <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Trevisani" title="Francesco Trevisani">Francesco Trevisani</a> mengenai pembaptisan Yesus, turunnya Roh Kudus dari Surga digambarkan sebagai seekor merpati.</figcaption></figure> <p>Laporan Injil Sinoptik seputar pembaptisan Yesus didahului dengan informasi mengenai Yohanes Pembaptis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009224–229_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009224–229-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009141–143_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009141–143-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGrath200616–22_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGrath200616–22-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yohanes Pembaptis digambarkan menyerukan <a href="/wiki/Penitensi" title="Penitensi">penitensi</a> dan pertobatan demi pengampunan <a href="/wiki/Dosa" title="Dosa">dosa</a> serta mendorong untuk <a href="/wiki/Derma" title="Derma">berderma</a> kepada kaum miskin (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%203%3A11&version=tb">Lukas 3:11</a></span>) ketika ia membaptis orang-orang di daerah <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Yordan" title="Sungai Yordan">Sungai Yordan</a> di sekitar <a href="/wiki/Perea_(wilayah)" title="Perea (wilayah)">Perea</a>, selain itu juga menubuatkan kedatangan seseorang "yang lebih berkuasa" daripada dia (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%203%3A16&version=tb">Lukas 3:16</a></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-EerRoger_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EerRoger-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zanzig_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zanzig-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Belakangan Yesus mengidentifikasi Yohanes Pembaptis sebagai Elia (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Markus%209%3A13-14&version=tb">Markus 9:13–14</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Matius%2011%3A14&version=tb">Matius 11:14</a></span>), seorang nabi yang diharapkan kedatangannya sebelum "hari Tuhan yang besar dan dahsyat itu" (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Maleakhi%204%3A5&version=tb">Maleakhi 4:5</a></span>). Demikian juga Injil Lukas menyatakan bahwa Yohanes Pembaptis memiliki roh dan kuasa Elia (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%201%3A17&version=tb">Lukas 1:17</a></span>). </p><p>Dalam Injil Markus, Yohanes membaptis Yesus dan setelah keluar dari sungai Yesus melihat Roh Kudus yang berbentuk seperti seekor burung merpati turun ke atas-Nya dan terdengar suara dari Surga yang menyatakan bahwa Yesus adalah Putra Allah (Markus 1:9–11). Ini merupakan salah satu dari dua peristiwa dalam Injil yang menuliskan adanya suara dari Surga yang menyebut Yesus "Putra" atau "Anak", peristiwa lainnya yaitu Transfigurasi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200421–30_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200421–30-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nobbs_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobbs-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roh tersebut kemudian mengantar Yesus ke padang gurun di mana Yesus dicobai oleh Iblis (Markus 1:12–13). Yesus kemudian memulai pelayanan setelah Yohanes ditangkap (Markus 1:14). Pembaptisan Yesus dalam Injil Matius dikisahkan serupa, di mana sebelum pembaptisan Yesus, Yohanes memprotes dengan mengatakan, "Akulah yang perlu dibaptis oleh-Mu" (Matius 3:14). Yesus menanggapinya dengan permintaan untuk melaksanakan pembaptisan tersebut demi "menggenapkan seluruh kehendak Allah" (Matius 3:15). Injil Matius juga merinci ketiga godaan yang ditawarkan Iblis kepada Yesus di padang gurun (Matius 4:3–11). Dalam Injil Lukas, Roh Kudus turun seperti seekor burung merpati setelah semua orang di sana dibaptis dan Yesus sedang berdoa (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%203%3A21-22&version=tb">Lukas 3:21–22</a></span>). Yohanes secara implisit mengenali Yesus dari penjara setelah ia mengirim para pengikutnya untuk bertanya tentang Yesus (Lukas 7:18–23). Pembaptisan dan pencobaan yang dialami oleh Yesus berfungsi sebagai persiapan untuk melakukan pelayanan publik.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Injil Yohanes tidak menceritakan pembaptisan dan pencobaan yang dialami Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_Jesus_Christ_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC_Jesus_Christ-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam Injil Yohanes, Yohanes Pembaptis bersaksi bahwa ia melihat Roh yang turun ke atas Yesus (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Yohanes%201%3A32&version=tb">Yohanes 1:32</a></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Zanzig_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zanzig-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoringCraddock2004[https://books.google.com/books?id=N0tLXRIiIe0C&lpg=PA292&pg=PA292#v=onepage&q=%22the%20baptist%22&f=false_292]_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoringCraddock2004[https://books.google.com/books?id=N0tLXRIiIe0C&lpg=PA292&pg=PA292#v=onepage&q=%2522the%2520baptist%2522&f=false_292]-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yohanes menyatakan di depan publik bahwa Yesus adalah Anak Domba Allah yang menjadi kurban, dan beberapa pengikut Yohanes menjadi pengikut Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199817–62_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199817–62-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam Injil Yohanes, Yohanes menyangkal bahwa ia adalah Elia (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Yohanes%201%3A21&version=tb">Yohanes 1:21</a></span>). Sebelum Yohanes dipenjarakan, Yesus juga turut membaptis orang-orang (Yohanes 3:22-24) dan membaptis lebih banyak orang daripada Yohanes (Yohanes 4:1). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pelayanan_publik">Pelayanan publik</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pelayanan_Yesus" title="Pelayanan Yesus">Pelayanan Yesus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg/220px-Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg/330px-Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg/440px-Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1377" data-file-height="1545" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah lukisan abad ke-19 yang menggambarkan <a href="/wiki/Khotbah_di_Bukit" title="Khotbah di Bukit">Khotbah di Bukit</a>, karya <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bloch" title="Carl Bloch">Carl Bloch</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Injil Sinoptik menggambarkan dua lingkungan geografis yang berbeda dalam pelayanan Yesus. Yang pertama bertempat di utara Yudea di Galilea, di mana pelayanan Yesus mengalami suatu kesuksesan; dan yang kedua memperlihatkan ditolak dan dibunuhnya Yesus ketika mengadakan perjalanan ke Yerusalem. Secara khusus Yesus melarang mereka yang mengenali identitas-Nya untuk berbicara tentang hal itu, termasuk orang-orang yang disembuhkan Yesus dan setan-setan yang diusir-Nya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985285–296_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985285–296-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Injil Yohanes menggambarkan pelayanan Yesus lebih banyak berlangsung di dan sekitar Yerusalem daripada di Galilea. Dalam Injil ini, identitas ilahi Yesus dinyatakan secara terbuka di hadapan publik dan segera diakui oleh mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985302–310_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985302–310-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Para akademisi membagi pelayanan Yesus ke dalam beberapa tahap. Pelayanan di Galilea dimulai ketika Yesus kembali ke Galilea dari Gurun Yudea setelah penolakan atas semua godaan <a href="/wiki/Iblis_dalam_Kekristenan" title="Iblis dalam Kekristenan">Setan</a>. Yesus berkhotbah di seluruh Galilea dan <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Matius%204%3A18-20&version=tb">Matius 4:18–20</a></span> mengisahkan bahwa <a href="/wiki/Murid-murid_pertama_Yesus" title="Murid-murid pertama Yesus">murid-murid pertama Yesus</a>, yang pada akhirnya membentuk inti dari <a href="/wiki/Gereja_perdana" title="Gereja perdana">Gereja perdana</a>, bertemu dengan Yesus dan mulai bepergian dengan-Nya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGrath200616–22_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGrath200616–22-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford2007117–130_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford2007117–130-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Periode ini meliputi peristiwa Khotbah di Bukit, yaitu salah satu pengajaran utama Yesus,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford2007117–130_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford2007117–130-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yesus_meredakan_angin_ribut" title="Yesus meredakan angin ribut">meredakan badai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yesus_memberi_makan_lima_ribu_orang" title="Yesus memberi makan lima ribu orang">memberi makan 5.000 orang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yesus_berjalan_di_atas_air" title="Yesus berjalan di atas air">berjalan di atas air</a>, serta sejumlah mukjizat dan <a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_Yesus" title="Perumpamaan Yesus">perumpamaan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford2007143–160_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford2007143–160-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Periode ini berakhir dengan <a href="/wiki/Pengakuan_Petrus" title="Pengakuan Petrus">Pengakuan Petrus</a> dan peristiwa Transfigurasi.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barton132_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barton132-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seiring perjalanan Yesus menuju Yerusalem, dalam pelayanan di <a href="/wiki/Perea_(wilayah)" title="Perea (wilayah)">Perea</a>, Yesus kembali ke daerah di mana Ia dibaptis, sekitar sepertiga perjalanan turun dari <a href="/wiki/Danau_Galilea" title="Danau Galilea">Danau Galilea</a> di sepanjang Yordan (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Yohanes%2010%3A40-42&version=tb">Yohanes 10:40–42</a></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007137_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007137-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford2007211–229_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford2007211–229-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Periode pelayanan terakhir di Yerusalem dimulai dengan <a href="/wiki/Yesus_dielu-elukan_di_Yerusalem" title="Yesus dielu-elukan di Yerusalem">masuknya Yesus</a> ke kota tersebut pada hari <a href="/wiki/Minggu_Palma" title="Minggu Palma">Minggu Palma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007155–170_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007155–170-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam Injil Sinoptik, selama minggu tersebut Yesus mengusir para penukar uang dari Bait Allah dan <a href="/wiki/Penawaran_Yudas" title="Penawaran Yudas">Yudas melakukan tawar-menawar untuk mengkhianati Yesus</a>. Periode ini berpuncak dalam Perjamuan Terakhir dan Amanat Perpisahan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009224–229_112-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009224–229-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007155–170_130-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007155–170-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford2007257–274_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford2007257–274-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Para_murid_dan_pengikut">Para murid dan pengikut</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Exhortation_to_the_Apostles_(Recommandation_aux_ap%C3%B4tres)_-_James_Tissot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Exhortation_to_the_Apostles_%28Recommandation_aux_ap%C3%B4tres%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg/220px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Exhortation_to_the_Apostles_%28Recommandation_aux_ap%C3%B4tres%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Exhortation_to_the_Apostles_%28Recommandation_aux_ap%C3%B4tres%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg/330px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Exhortation_to_the_Apostles_%28Recommandation_aux_ap%C3%B4tres%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Exhortation_to_the_Apostles_%28Recommandation_aux_ap%C3%B4tres%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg/440px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Exhortation_to_the_Apostles_%28Recommandation_aux_ap%C3%B4tres%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1507" data-file-height="1128" /></a><figcaption>Yesus berbicara kepada 12 murid-Nya, sebagaimana digambarkan oleh James Tissot.</figcaption></figure> <p>Menjelang awal pelayanan Yesus, Ia <a href="/wiki/Penetapan_Kedua_Belas_Rasul" title="Penetapan Kedua Belas Rasul">menetapkan dua belas rasul</a>. Dalam Injil Matius dan Markus, kendati Yesus hanya sekilas saja meminta mereka untuk bergabung dengan-Nya, empat rasul pertama Yesus yang adalah nelayan dideskripsikan segera menyetujui permintaan Yesus serta meninggalkan jala dan perahu mereka untuk melakukannya (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Matius%204%3A18-22&version=tb">Matius 4:18–22</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Markus%201%3A16-20&version=tb">Markus 1:16–20</a></span>). Dalam Injil Yohanes diceritakan bahwa dua rasul pertama Yesus adalah murid-murid Yohanes Pembaptis. Saat itu Yohanes Pembaptis melihat Yesus dan menyebut-Nya <a href="/wiki/Anak_Domba_Allah" title="Anak Domba Allah">Anak Domba Allah</a>; kedua murid itu mendengarnya dan menjadi pengikut Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown198825–27_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown198825–27-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoringCraddock2004292–293_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoringCraddock2004292–293-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terlepas dari Kedua Belas Rasul, bagian pembukaan <a href="/wiki/Kotbah_di_Tempat_Datar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotbah di Tempat Datar">Khotbah di Tempat Datar</a> mengidentifikasi sekelompok besar orang sebagai murid-murid (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%206%3A17&version=tb">Lukas 6:17</a></span>). Dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%2010%3A1-16&version=tb">Lukas 10:1–16</a></span> juga dikisahkan Yesus mengutus <a href="/wiki/Tujuh_puluh_murid" title="Tujuh puluh murid">tujuh puluh atau tujuh puluh dua pengikut-Nya</a> secara berpasangan untuk mempersiapkan kota-kota yang akan dikunjungi Yesus. Mereka diperintahkan untuk menerima keramahtamahan pemilik rumah yang bersedia menampung mereka, menyembuhkan orang sakit, dan menyebarkan berita datangnya Kerajaan Allah.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam Injil Markus, para murid kala itu masih bebal. Mereka belum memahami makna dari mukjizat-mukjizat yang dilakukan Yesus (Markus 4:35–41, 6:52), perumpamaan-perumpamaan-Nya (Markus 4:13), atau arti "bangkit dari antara orang mati" (Markus 9:9–10). Ketika kemudian Yesus ditangkap, mereka berlari meninggalkan Yesus (lihat di bawah).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985285–296_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985285–296-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ajaran,_khotbah,_dan_mukjizat"><span id="Ajaran.2C_khotbah.2C_dan_mukjizat"></span>Ajaran, khotbah, dan mukjizat</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Khotbah_di_Bukit" title="Khotbah di Bukit">Khotbah di Bukit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_Yesus" title="Perumpamaan Yesus">Perumpamaan Yesus</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Mukjizat_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukjizat Yesus">Mukjizat Yesus</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Kotbah_di_Tempat_Datar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotbah di Tempat Datar">Kotbah di Tempat Datar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lima_Amanat_Matius" title="Lima Amanat Matius">Lima Amanat Matius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amanat_Perpisahan" title="Amanat Perpisahan">Amanat Perpisahan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kotbah_di_atas_Bukit_Zaitun" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotbah di atas Bukit Zaitun">Kotbah di atas Bukit Zaitun</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Hoffman-ChristAndTheRichYoungRuler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Hoffman-ChristAndTheRichYoungRuler.jpg/250px-Hoffman-ChristAndTheRichYoungRuler.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Hoffman-ChristAndTheRichYoungRuler.jpg/330px-Hoffman-ChristAndTheRichYoungRuler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Hoffman-ChristAndTheRichYoungRuler.jpg/500px-Hoffman-ChristAndTheRichYoungRuler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4324" data-file-height="3412" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Yesus_dan_pria_muda_yang_kaya_raya" title="Yesus dan pria muda yang kaya raya">Kristus dan Penguasa Muda yang Kaya</a></i> karya <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Hofmann_(pelukis)" title="Heinrich Hofmann (pelukis)">Heinrich Hofmann</a>, 1889</figcaption></figure> <p>Dalam Injil Sinoptik, Yesus mengajarkan secara luas, rinci, sering kali dengan perumpamaan, mengenai Kerajaan Allah (atau, dalam Injil Matius, Kerajaan Surga).<sup id="cite_ref-ODCCKingdomOfGod_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCCKingdomOfGod-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kerajaan itu dideskripsikan telah dekat (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Markus%201%3A15&version=tb">Markus 1:15</a></span>) dan telah ada dalam pelayanan Yesus (Lukas 17:21). Yesus menjanjikan keikutsertaan dalam Kerajaan itu bagi mereka yang menerima pesan-Nya (Markus 10:13–27).<sup id="cite_ref-ODCCKingdomOfGod_135-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCCKingdomOfGod-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yesus berbicara tentang "Anak Manusia" (atau "Putra Manusia"), sebagai seorang sosok apokaliptik yang akan datang untuk mengumpulkan orang-orang terpilih.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yesus memanggil orang-orang untuk bertobat dari dosa mereka dan mengabdikan diri sepenuhnya kepada Allah.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yesus mengatakan kepada para pengikut-Nya untuk berpegang teguh pada <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">hukum Yahudi</a>, kendati oleh beberapa kalangan Yesus sendiri dianggap melanggar hukum tersebut, misalnya mengenai <a href="/wiki/Sabat" title="Sabat">Sabat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ketika ditanya mengenai apa perintah terbesar, lalu Yesus menjawab: "Kasihilah Tuhan, Allahmu, dengan segenap hatimu dan dengan segenap jiwamu dan dengan segenap akal budimu. ... Dan hukum yang kedua, yang sama dengan itu, ialah: Kasihilah sesamamu manusia seperti dirimu sendiri" (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Matius%2022%3A37-39&version=tb">Matius 22:37–39</a></span>). Ajaran-ajaran etika yang lain dari Yesus misalnya mengasihi musuh, menjauhkan diri dari <a href="/wiki/Kebencian" title="Kebencian">kebencian</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hawa_nafsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawa nafsu">hawa nafsu</a>, serta <a href="/wiki/Berilah_pipimu_yang_lain_juga" title="Berilah pipimu yang lain juga">memberi pipi yang lain jika ditampar orang</a> (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Matius%205%3A21-44&version=tb">Matius 5:21–44</a></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Injil Yohanes menyajikan ajaran-ajaran Yesus bukan hanya sebagai pewartaan-Nya sendiri, tetapi sebagai wahyu ilahi. Sebagai contoh, Yohanes Pembaptis dalam Yohanes 3:34 menyatakan: "Sebab siapa yang diutus Allah, Dialah yang menyampaikan firman Allah, karena Allah mengaruniakan Roh-Nya dengan tidak terbatas." Dalam Yohanes 7:16 Yesus mengatakan, "Ajaran-Ku tidak berasal dari diri-Ku sendiri, tetapi dari Dia yang telah mengutus Aku." Ia menegaskan hal yang sama dalam Yohanes 14:10: "Tidak percayakah engkau, bahwa Aku di dalam Bapa dan Bapa di dalam Aku? Apa yang Aku katakan kepadamu, tidak Aku katakan dari diri-Ku sendiri, tetapi Bapa, yang diam di dalam Aku, Dialah yang melakukan pekerjaan-Nya."<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated98_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated98-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Christ_cleans_leper_man.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Christ_cleans_leper_man.jpg/170px-Christ_cleans_leper_man.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Christ_cleans_leper_man.jpg/255px-Christ_cleans_leper_man.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Christ_cleans_leper_man.jpg/340px-Christ_cleans_leper_man.jpg 2x" data-file-width="689" data-file-height="985" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yesus_menyembuhkan_seorang_yang_sakit_kusta" title="Yesus menyembuhkan seorang yang sakit kusta">Yesus menyembuhkan seorang yang sakit kusta</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mosaik" title="Mosaik">mosaik</a> abad pertengahan dari <a href="/wiki/Monreale#Katedral" title="Monreale">Katedral Monreale</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dalam Injil, kira-kira tiga puluh perumpamaan merupakan sekitar sepertiga ajaran Yesus yang tercatat.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated98_138-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated98-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perumpamaan-perumpamaan tersebut diperlihatkan dalam khotbah-khotbah yang lebih panjang dan di bagian lain dalam rupa narasi.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perumpamaan Yesus sering kali mengandung simbolisme, dan biasanya mengaitkan dunia jasmani dengan <a href="/wiki/Kerohanian" title="Kerohanian">rohani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tema-tema umum dalam kisah-kisah ini misalnya kebaikan dan kemurahan hati Allah serta bahaya-bahaya pelanggaran.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beberapa perumpamaan Yesus, seperti <a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_anak_yang_hilang" title="Perumpamaan anak yang hilang">Anak yang Hilang</a> (Lukas 15:11–32), relatif sederhana, sementara yang lainnya seperti <a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_benih_yang_tumbuh" title="Perumpamaan benih yang tumbuh">Benih yang Tumbuh</a> (Markus 4:26–29) termasuk kompleks, mendalam, dan sulit dipahami.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam laporan-laporan Injil, Yesus memberikan porsi besar dalam pelayanan-Nya dengan melakukan berbagai mukjizat, terutama penyembuhan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenMcKnightMarshall1992299_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenMcKnightMarshall1992299-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mukjizat-mukjizat tersebut dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam dua kategori utama: mukjizat penyembuhan dan mukjizat alam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwelftree1999350_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwelftree1999350-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mukjizat penyembuhan yang dilakukan Yesus yaitu menyembuhkan penyakit fisik, <a href="/wiki/Eksorsisme" title="Eksorsisme">eksorsisme</a> (pengusiran setan), dan membangkitkan orang mati.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenMcKnightMarshall1992300_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenMcKnightMarshall1992300-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mukjizat alam memperlihatkan kuasa Yesus atas alam, misalnya <a href="/wiki/Perkawinan_di_Kana" title="Perkawinan di Kana">mengubah air menjadi anggur</a>, berjalan di atas air, dan meredakan badai. Yesus menyatakan bahwa mukjizat yang dilakukan-Nya berasal dari sumber ilahi. Sementara para lawan Yesus menuduh-Nya melakukan eksorsisme dengan kuasa <a href="/wiki/Beelzebub" title="Beelzebub">Beelzebul</a>, penghulu setan, Yesus menanggapi mereka dengan mengatakan bahwa Ia melakukan mukjizat dengan "Roh Allah" (Matius 12:28) atau "kuasa Allah" (Lukas 11:20).<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam Injil Yohanes, mukjizat-mukjizat Yesus dideskripsikan sebagai "tanda-tanda", dilakukan untuk membuktikan misi dan keilahian Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-Sign_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sign-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, dalam Injil Sinoptik, ketika diminta untuk memberikan tanda-tanda ajaib untuk membuktikan otoritas-Nya, Yesus menolak.<sup id="cite_ref-Sign_150-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sign-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam Injil Sinoptik juga dikisahkan bahwa orang banyak secara berkala menanggapi mukjizat-mukjizat Yesus dengan rasa kagum dan memaksa-Nya untuk menyembuhkan penyakit mereka. Dalam Injil Yohanes, Yesus tampak tidak tertekan oleh orang banyak tersebut, mereka sering menanggapi mukjizat Yesus dengan keyakinan dan iman.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwelftree1999236_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwelftree1999236-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Satu karakteristik yang terlihat di antara semua mukjizat yang dilakukan Yesus dalam laporan-laporan Injil yaitu bahwa Yesus melakukannya dengan bebas dan tidak pernah meminta pembayaran materiil dalam bentuk apa pun.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Episode-episode dalam Injil yang memuat deskripsi terkait mukjizat Yesus juga sering mencakup ajaran-ajaran, dan mukjizat itu sendiri mengandung elemen pengajaran.<sup id="cite_ref-WPent212_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPent212-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwelftree199995_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwelftree199995-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banyak dari mukjizat yang dibuat Yesus mengajarkan pentingnya iman. Misalnya dalam peristiwa <a href="/wiki/Yesus_menyembuhkan_sepuluh_orang_kusta" title="Yesus menyembuhkan sepuluh orang kusta">disembuhkannya sepuluh orang kusta</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Yairus" class="mw-redirect" title="Yairus">dibangkitkannya anak perempuan Yairus</a> para penerima manfaat mukjizat-mukjizat tersebut diberitahu bahwa kesembuhan mereka terjadi karena iman mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonahueHarrington2002182_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonahueHarrington2002182-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pemakluman_sebagai_Kristus_dan_peristiwa_Transfigurasi">Pemakluman sebagai Kristus dan peristiwa Transfigurasi</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pengakuan_Petrus" title="Pengakuan Petrus">Pengakuan Petrus</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Transfigurasi_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfigurasi Yesus">Transfigurasi Yesus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Transfigurationbloch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Transfigurationbloch.jpg/250px-Transfigurationbloch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Transfigurationbloch.jpg/330px-Transfigurationbloch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Transfigurationbloch.jpg/500px-Transfigurationbloch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="912" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Transfigurasi_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfigurasi Yesus">Transfigurasi Yesus</a>, penggambaran oleh <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bloch" title="Carl Bloch">Carl Bloch</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Di sekitar bagian tengah masing-masing ketiga Injil Sinoptik, dua episode yang berkaitan menandai suatu titik balik dalam kisah tersebut: Pengakuan <a href="/wiki/Santo_Petrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo Petrus">Petrus</a> dan Transfigurasi Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-Barton132_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barton132-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KingsburyMark_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KingsburyMark-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peristiwa-peristiwa ini menandai awal mula penyingkapan secara bertahap atas identitas Yesus kepada para murid-Nya dan nubuat Yesus terkait penderitaan dan kematian-Nya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200421–30_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200421–30-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nobbs_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobbs-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barton132_127-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barton132-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kedua peristiwa ini tidak diceritakan di dalam Injil Yohanes.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCCgospelJohn_83-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCCgospelJohn-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam Pengakuannya, Petrus berkata kepada Yesus, "Engkau adalah Mesias, Anak Allah yang hidup!"<sup id="cite_ref-Karris_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karris-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonahueHarrington2002336_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonahueHarrington2002336-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yesus menegaskan bahwa pengakuan Petrus merupakan kebenaran yang diungkapkan secara ilahi.<sup id="cite_ref-OneTeacher_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OneTeacher-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPannenberg196853–54_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPannenberg196853–54-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam peristiwa Transfigurasi (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Matius%2017%3A1-9&version=tb">Matius 17:1–9</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Markus%209%3A2-8&version=tb">Markus 9:2–8</a></span>, dan <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%209%3A28-36&version=tb">Lukas 9:28–36</a></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200421–30_117-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200421–30-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nobbs_118-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobbs-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barton132_127-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barton132-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yesus mengajak Petrus dan dua rasul lainnya ke atas suatu gunung yang tidak disebutkan namanya, di mana "Yesus berubah rupa di depan mata mereka, wajah-Nya bercahaya seperti matahari dan pakaian-Nya menjadi putih bersinar seperti terang."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200472–76_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200472–76-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kemudian awan terang muncul menaungi mereka, dan terdengar suara dari awan tersebut yang mengatakan, "Inilah Anak yang Kukasihi, kepada-Nyalah Aku berkenan, dengarkanlah Dia" (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Matius%2017%3A1-9&version=tb">Matius 17:1–9</a></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200421–30_117-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200421–30-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam <a href="/wiki/2_Petrus" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Petrus">2 Petrus</a> 1:16-18, Petrus sendiri menegaskan bahwa ia menyaksikan Transfigurasi Yesus, dan menyatakan bahwa tradisi apostolik didasarkan pada kesaksian dari saksi mata.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pekan_terakhir_sebelum_kematian">Pekan terakhir sebelum kematian</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pekan_Sengsara" title="Pekan Sengsara">Pekan Sengsara</a></div> <p>Deskripsi pekan terakhir kehidupan Yesus (sebagian kalangan menyebutnya <a href="/wiki/Pekan_Sengsara" title="Pekan Sengsara">Pekan Sengsara</a>) diceritakan dalam sekitar sepertiga narasi pada Injil Kanonik,<sup id="cite_ref-Turner613_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turner613-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dimulai dengan <a href="/wiki/Yesus_dielu-elukan_di_Yerusalem" title="Yesus dielu-elukan di Yerusalem">masuknya Yesus ke Yerusalem</a> dan berakhir dengan <a href="/wiki/Penyaliban_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Penyaliban Yesus">Penyaliban Yesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009224–229_112-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009224–229-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007155–170_130-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007155–170-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aktivitas_di_Yerusalem">Aktivitas di Yerusalem</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Yesus_dielu-elukan_di_Yerusalem" title="Yesus dielu-elukan di Yerusalem">Yesus dielu-elukan di Yerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pembersihan_Bait_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembersihan Bait Allah">Pembersihan Bait Allah</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Penawaran_Yudas" title="Penawaran Yudas">Penawaran Yudas</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_-_L%27entr%C3%A9e_du_Christ_%C3%A0_J%C3%A9rusalem_-_cadre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_-_L%27entr%C3%A9e_du_Christ_%C3%A0_J%C3%A9rusalem_-_cadre.jpg/220px-G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_-_L%27entr%C3%A9e_du_Christ_%C3%A0_J%C3%A9rusalem_-_cadre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_-_L%27entr%C3%A9e_du_Christ_%C3%A0_J%C3%A9rusalem_-_cadre.jpg/330px-G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_-_L%27entr%C3%A9e_du_Christ_%C3%A0_J%C3%A9rusalem_-_cadre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_-_L%27entr%C3%A9e_du_Christ_%C3%A0_J%C3%A9rusalem_-_cadre.jpg/440px-G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_-_L%27entr%C3%A9e_du_Christ_%C3%A0_J%C3%A9rusalem_-_cadre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2191" data-file-height="1422" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah lukisan yang menggambarkan masuknya Yesus ke Yerusalem, karya <a href="/wiki/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me" title="Jean-Léon Gérôme">Jean-Léon Gérôme</a>, 1897.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dalam Injil Sinoptik, pekan terakhir di Yerusalem adalah akhir dari perjalanan menjelajahi Perea dan <a href="/wiki/Yudea" title="Yudea">Yudea</a> yang Yesus awali di <a href="/wiki/Galilea" title="Galilea">Galilea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007155–170_130-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007155–170-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yesus mengendarai seekor keledai muda untuk masuk ke Yerusalem, mencerminkan suatu nubuat dari <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Zakharia" title="Kitab Zakharia">Kitab Zakharia</a> di mana tertulis bahwa seorang raja Yahudi yang rendah hati memasuki Yerusalem dengan cara demikian (Zakharia 9:9).<sup id="cite_ref-May_Metzger_Mark_61-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-May_Metzger_Mark-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orang-orang di sepanjang jalan menghamparkan jubah mereka dan ranting-ranting kecil dari pohon (dikenal sebagai daun palem) di depan Yesus dan menyanyikan bagian dari <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Mazmur%20118%3A25-26&version=tb">Mazmur 118:25–26</a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoringCraddock2004256–258_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoringCraddock2004256–258-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMajerníkPonessaManhardt2005133–134_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMajerníkPonessaManhardt2005133–134-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003381–395_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003381–395-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selanjutnya Yesus mengusir para penukar uang dari Bait Allah, menuduh mereka telah mengubahnya menjadi sarang penyamun karena aktivitas komersial yang mereka lakukan. Yesus kemudian bernubuat tentang kehancuran yang akan datang, termasuk nabi-nabi palsu, peperangan, gempa bumi, penganiayaan terhadap orang-orang beriman, tampilnya seorang "pembinasa keji", dan berbagai kesengsaraan yang tak tertahankan (Markus 13:1–23). Kata Yesus, "Anak Manusia" akan mengutus para malaikat untuk mengumpulkan orang beriman dari seluruh bagian bumi (Markus 13:24–27). Menurut Stephen L. Harris, Yesus memperingatkan bahwa hal-hal ini akan terjadi pada masa hidup mereka yang mendengarnya (Markus 13:28–32).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985285–296_122-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985285–296-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam Injil Sinoptik juga dikisahkan bahwa Yesus terlibat konflik dengan para tua-tua Yahudi, misalnya pada saat mereka <a href="/wiki/Kuasa_Yesus_dipertanyakan" title="Kuasa Yesus dipertanyakan">mempertanyakan otoritas Yesus</a>, dan Ia mengkritik mereka serta menyebut mereka orang-orang munafik.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoringCraddock2004256–258_166-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoringCraddock2004256–258-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003381–395_168-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003381–395-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yudas_Iskariot" title="Yudas Iskariot">Yudas Iskariot</a>, salah seorang dari <a href="/wiki/Kedua_belas_rasul" class="mw-redirect" title="Kedua belas rasul">kedua belas rasul</a>, secara diam-diam melakukan tawar-menawar dengan tua-tua Yahudi, setuju untuk melakukan pengkhianatan dengan menyerahkan Yesus kepada mereka demi <a href="/wiki/Tiga_puluh_keping_perak" title="Tiga puluh keping perak">tiga puluh keping perak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lockyer106_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockyer106-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Injil Yohanes menceritakan dua perayaan lain di mana Yesus mengajar di Yerusalem sebelum Pekan Sengsara (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Yohanes%207%3A1-10%3A42&version=tb">Yohanes 7:1–10:42</a></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985270–272_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985270–272-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yesus kembali dekat Yerusalem, di <a href="/wiki/Betania_(desa_di_Alkitab)" class="mw-redirect" title="Betania (desa di Alkitab)">Betania</a>, di mana Ia <a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_Lazarus" title="Kebangkitan Lazarus">membangkitkan Lazarus dari kematian</a> sehingga membuat ketegangan meningkat antara Yesus dan otoritas Yahudi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007155–170_130-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007155–170-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pihak otoritas tersebut kemudian bersekongkol untuk membunuh Yesus (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Yohanes%2011&version=tb">Yohanes 11</a></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985270–272_108-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985270–272-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Membangkitkan Lazarus dipandang sebagai tanda paling ampuh yang pernah dibuat Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985302–310_85-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985302–310-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di Betania, Maria dari Betania meminyaki kaki Yesus dan menjadi pertanda penguburan Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-5GJohn_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5GJohn-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yesus kemudian memasuki Yerusalem sebagai Mesias.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985270–272_108-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985270–272-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orang banyak yang bersorak-sorai menyambut Yesus saat Ia memasuki Yerusalem menambah kebencian otoritas Yahudi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007155–170_130-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007155–170-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam Injil Yohanes, peristiwa Yesus menyucikan Bait Allah dikisahkan terjadi saat kunjungan <a href="/wiki/Paskah_Yahudi" title="Paskah Yahudi">Paskah Yahudi</a> yang sebelumnya di Yerusalem. Injil Yohanes selanjutnya menceritakan Perjamuan Malam Terakhir yang diadakan Yesus bersama dengan para murid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985270–272_108-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985270–272-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Perjamuan_Terakhir">Perjamuan Terakhir</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Perjamuan_Terakhir" class="mw-redirect" title="Perjamuan Terakhir">Perjamuan Terakhir</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Yesus_memprediksikan_pengkhianatan_terhadap-Nya" class="mw-redirect" title="Yesus memprediksikan pengkhianatan terhadap-Nya">Yesus memprediksikan pengkhianatan terhadap-Nya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petrus_menyangkal_Yesus" title="Petrus menyangkal Yesus">Petrus menyangkal Yesus</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Perjamuan_Terakhir_dalam_seni_Kristen" title="Perjamuan Terakhir dalam seni Kristen">Perjamuan Terakhir dalam seni Kristen</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:%C3%9Altima_Cena_-_Juan_de_Juanes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%C3%9Altima_Cena_-_Juan_de_Juanes.jpg/250px-%C3%9Altima_Cena_-_Juan_de_Juanes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%C3%9Altima_Cena_-_Juan_de_Juanes.jpg/330px-%C3%9Altima_Cena_-_Juan_de_Juanes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%C3%9Altima_Cena_-_Juan_de_Juanes.jpg/500px-%C3%9Altima_Cena_-_Juan_de_Juanes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1215" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Perjamuan_Terakhir" class="mw-redirect" title="Perjamuan Terakhir">Perjamuan Terakhir</a>, digambarkan dalam lukisan abad ke-16 karya <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Juan_Masip" title="Vicente Juan Masip">Juan de Juanes</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Perjamuan_Terakhir" class="mw-redirect" title="Perjamuan Terakhir">Perjamuan Terakhir</a> merupakan terakhir kalinya Yesus bersantap bersama 12 rasul di Yerusalem sebelum Ia disalibkan. Perjamuan Terakhir disebutkan dalam keempat Injil kanonik; <a href="/wiki/Surat_Paulus_yang_Pertama_kepada_Jemaat_di_Korintus" title="Surat Paulus yang Pertama kepada Jemaat di Korintus">Surat Paulus yang Pertama kepada Jemaat di Korintus</a> (11:23–26) juga menyebutkannya.<sup id="cite_ref-Fahlbusch52_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fahlbusch52-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003465–477_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003465–477-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007180–191_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007180–191-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selagi bersantap, <a href="/wiki/Yesus_memprediksikan_pengkhianatan_terhadap-Nya" class="mw-redirect" title="Yesus memprediksikan pengkhianatan terhadap-Nya">Yesus memprediksikan</a> bahwa salah seorang rasul akan mengkhianati-Nya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007182_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007182-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meskipun setiap rasul menyatakan diri tidak akan mengkhianati-Nya, Yesus menegaskan kembali bahwa yang akan berkhianat itu ada di antara mereka yang hadir. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Matius%2026%3A23-25&version=tb">Matius 26:23–25</a></span> dan <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Yohanes%2013%3A26-27&version=tb">Yohanes 13:26–27</a></span> secara spesifik mengidentifikasi Yudas sebagai pengkhianat tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-Fahlbusch52_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fahlbusch52-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003465–477_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003465–477-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007182_173-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007182-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam Injil Sinoptik, Yesus mengambil roti, memecah-mecahkannya, dan memberikannya kepada murid-murid, sambil mengatakan, "Inilah tubuh-Ku yang diserahkan bagi kamu." Yesus kemudian meminta mereka semua minum dari suatu cawan, dengan mengatakan, "Cawan ini adalah perjanjian baru oleh darah-Ku, yang ditumpahkan bagi kamu" (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%2022%3A19-20&version=tb">Lukas 22:19–20</a></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Fahlbusch52_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fahlbusch52-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ordinansi_(Kekristenan)" title="Ordinansi (Kekristenan)">Ordinansi</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Sakramen" title="Sakramen">Sakramen</a> <a href="/wiki/Perjamuan_Kudus" title="Perjamuan Kudus">Perjamuan Kudus</a> (Ekaristi) Kristen didasarkan pada peristiwa-peristiwa ini.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meskipun Injil Yohanes tidak menyertakan deskripsi ritual roti dan anggur tersebut selama Perjamuan Terakhir, kebanyakan akademisi sepakat bahwa <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Yohanes%206%3A22-59&version=tb">Yohanes 6:22–59</a></span> memiliki karakter ekaristis dan menggemakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asal_mula_Ekaristi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asal mula Ekaristi (halaman belum tersedia)">narasi kelembagaannya</a> dalam Injil Sinoptik dan dalam tulisan-tulisan Paulus tentang Perjamuan Terakhir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedman2000792_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreedman2000792-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam keempat Injil, Yesus memprediksi bahwa Petrus akan menyangkal telah mengenal-Nya sebanyak tiga kali sebelum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayam_jantan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayam jantan (halaman belum tersedia)">ayam jantan</a> berkokok keesokan paginya.<sup id="cite_ref-Denial_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denial-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam Injil Lukas dan Yohanes, prediksi tersebut disampaikan selama Perjamuan Terakhir berlangsung (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%2022%3A34&version=tb">Lukas 22:34</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Yohanes%2022%3A34&version=tb">Yohanes 22:34</a></span>). Dalam Injil Matius dan Markus, prediksi tersebut disampaikan setelah Perjamuan Terakhir selesai; Yesus juga memprediksi bahwa semua murid akan lari meninggalkan Dia (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Matius%2026%3A31-34&version=tb">Matius 26:31–34</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Markus%2014%3A27-30&version=tb">Markus 14:27–30</a></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalvoordZuck198383–85_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalvoordZuck198383–85-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Injil Yohanes merupakan satu-satunya laporan yang menyajikan peristiwa <a href="/wiki/Pembasuhan_kaki" title="Pembasuhan kaki">Yesus membasuh kaki para murid</a> setelah bersantap.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985272–285_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985272–285-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Injil Yohanes juga memuat suatu khotbah panjang Yesus untuk mempersiapkan para murid (sekarang tanpa Yudas) menghadapi kepergian Yesus. Bab 14–17 dari Injil Yohanes dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Amanat_Perpisahan" title="Amanat Perpisahan">Amanat Perpisahan</a> dan merupakan salah satu sumber konten <a href="/wiki/Kristologi" title="Kristologi">Kristologis</a> yang penting.<sup id="cite_ref-Gail142_180-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gail142-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Herman546_181-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herman546-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Penderitaan_di_Taman_Getsemani,_pengkhianatan,_dan_penangkapan"><span id="Penderitaan_di_Taman_Getsemani.2C_pengkhianatan.2C_dan_penangkapan"></span>Penderitaan di Taman Getsemani, pengkhianatan, dan penangkapan</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Penderitaan_di_Taman_Getsemani" title="Penderitaan di Taman Getsemani">Penderitaan di Taman Getsemani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ciuman_Yudas" title="Ciuman Yudas">Ciuman Yudas</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Penangkapan_Yesus" title="Penangkapan Yesus">Penangkapan Yesus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Caravaggio_-_Taking_of_Christ_-_Dublin_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Caravaggio_-_Taking_of_Christ_-_Dublin_-_2.jpg/220px-Caravaggio_-_Taking_of_Christ_-_Dublin_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Caravaggio_-_Taking_of_Christ_-_Dublin_-_2.jpg/330px-Caravaggio_-_Taking_of_Christ_-_Dublin_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Caravaggio_-_Taking_of_Christ_-_Dublin_-_2.jpg/440px-Caravaggio_-_Taking_of_Christ_-_Dublin_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1378" /></a><figcaption>Penggambaran <a href="/wiki/Ciuman_Yudas" title="Ciuman Yudas">ciuman Yudas</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Penangkapan_Yesus" title="Penangkapan Yesus">penangkapan Yesus</a>, lukisan abad ke-17 karya <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" class="mw-redirect" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Setelah Perjamuan Terakhir, Yesus pergi untuk berdoa, kemudian Yudas dan pihak otoritas Yahudi datang untuk menangkap Yesus. </p> <ul><li>Dalam Injil Markus, Yesus dan para murid pergi ke <a href="/wiki/Taman_Getsemani" class="mw-redirect" title="Taman Getsemani">Taman Getsemani</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalvoordZuck198383–85_179-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalvoordZuck198383–85-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> di mana Yesus berdoa agar terhindar dari siksaan yang akan dialami-Nya kelak. Para murid tertidur pada saat mereka seharusnya berjaga (Markus 14:37–41). Kemudian Yudas datang dengan sekelompok orang bersenjata yang dikirim oleh para imam kepala, ahli kitab, dan tua-tua Yahudi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985285–296_122-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985285–296-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia <a href="/wiki/Ciuman_Yudas" title="Ciuman Yudas">mencium Yesus</a> untuk mengidentifikasi diri-Nya kepada rombongan orang banyak tersebut, dan mereka lalu <a href="/wiki/Penangkapan_Yesus" title="Penangkapan Yesus">menangkap Yesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalvoordZuck198383–85_179-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalvoordZuck198383–85-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam upaya untuk menghentikan mereka, salah seorang murid Yesus menggunakan pedang untuk memotong telinga salah seorang laki-laki dalam rombongan itu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalvoordZuck198383–85_179-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalvoordZuck198383–85-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah penangkapan Yesus, para murid pergi bersembunyi, dan Petrus, ketika ditanya-tanya, tiga kali <a href="/wiki/Petrus_menyangkal_Yesus" title="Petrus menyangkal Yesus">menyangkal</a> kalau dirinya mengenal Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalvoordZuck198383–85_179-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalvoordZuck198383–85-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah penyangkalan ketiga, ia mendengar kokok ayam dan mengingat prediksi Yesus sebelumnya ketika Ia menatapnya. Petrus kemudian menangis dengan kesedihan mendalam.<sup id="cite_ref-Denial_177-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denial-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dalam Injil Matius, Yesus mengkritik serangan dengan pedang yang dilakukan oleh seorang murid, memerintahkan mereka untuk membiarkan diri-Nya ditangkap. Yesus mengatakan, "Barangsiapa menggunakan pedang, akan binasa oleh pedang" (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Matius%2026%3A52&version=tb">Matius 26:52</a></span>).</li> <li>Dalam Injil Lukas, Yesus pergi ke <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Zaitun" title="Bukit Zaitun">Bukit Zaitun</a> untuk berdoa,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalvoordZuck198383–85_179-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalvoordZuck198383–85-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan Yesus secara ajaib menyembuhkan telinga orang yang dipotong oleh seorang murid (Lukas 22:51).</li> <li>Dalam Injil Yohanes, Yesus tidak berdoa agar terhindar dari penyaliban-Nya,<sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_Jesus_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC_Jesus-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sebagaimana juga Injil ini hampir-hampir tidak menggambarkan Yesus memiliki kelemahan manusiawi seperti demikian.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_Jesus_182-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC_Jesus-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orang-orang yang menangkap Yesus adalah para prajurit dan perwira Yahudi (Yohanes 18:3). Kisah ciuman pengkhianatan tidak diceritakan dalam Injil ini, sebagai gantinya Yesus menyatakan identitas diri-Nya; ketika Yesus melakukannya, para prajurit dan perwira tersebut jatuh ke tanah (Yohanes 18:4–7). Injil ini mengidentifikasi Petrus sebagai murid yang menggunakan pedang, dan Yesus menegurnya karena hal itu (Yohanes 18:10–11).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pengadilan_oleh_Sanhedrin,_Herodes,_dan_Pilatus"><span id="Pengadilan_oleh_Sanhedrin.2C_Herodes.2C_dan_Pilatus"></span>Pengadilan oleh Sanhedrin, Herodes, dan Pilatus</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pengadilan_Yesus" title="Pengadilan Yesus">Pengadilan Yesus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pengadilan_Pilatus" title="Pengadilan Pilatus">Pengadilan Pilatus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yesus_di_Pengadilan_Herodes" title="Yesus di Pengadilan Herodes">Yesus di Pengadilan Herodes</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Mahkota_duri" title="Mahkota duri">Mahkota duri</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/INRI" title="INRI">INRI</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ecce_homo" title="Ecce homo">Ecce homo</a></div> <p>Setelah ditangkap, Yesus dibawa ke <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a> (atau Mahkamah Agama), yaitu badan peradilan Yahudi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1997146_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1997146-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terdapat beberapa perbedaan detail seputar peradilan atas Yesus di dalam laporan-laporan Injil.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Matius%2026%3A57&version=tb">Matius 26:57</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Markus%2014%3A53&version=tb">Markus 14:53</a></span>, dan <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%2022%3A54&version=tb">Lukas 22:54</a></span>, Yesus dibawa ke rumah imam besar, <a href="/wiki/Kayafas" title="Kayafas">Kayafas</a>, di mana <a href="/wiki/Yesus_diejek" title="Yesus diejek">Yesus diejek</a> dan dipukuli pada malam itu. Keesokan paginya para imam kepala dan ahli kitab membawa Yesus keluar dari pengadilan mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003487–500_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003487–500-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009396–400_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009396–400-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holman608_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holman608-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Yohanes%2018%3A12-14&version=tb">Yohanes 18:12–14</a></span> menyatakan bahwa Yesus pertama kali dibawa kepada <a href="/wiki/Hanas" title="Hanas">Hanas</a>, mertua Kayafas, dan selanjutnya kepada sang imam besar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003487–500_185-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003487–500-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009396–400_186-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009396–400-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holman608_187-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holman608-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ecce_homo_by_Antonio_Ciseri_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ecce_homo_by_Antonio_Ciseri_%281%29.jpg/220px-Ecce_homo_by_Antonio_Ciseri_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ecce_homo_by_Antonio_Ciseri_%281%29.jpg/330px-Ecce_homo_by_Antonio_Ciseri_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ecce_homo_by_Antonio_Ciseri_%281%29.jpg/440px-Ecce_homo_by_Antonio_Ciseri_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2358" /></a><figcaption><i>Ecce homo!</i> karya <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ciseri" title="Antonio Ciseri">Antonio Ciseri</a> tahun 1871, menggambarkan <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilatus" title="Pontius Pilatus">Pontius Pilatus</a> sedang memperlihatkan Yesus kepada publik.</figcaption></figure> <p>Selama persidangan Yesus sangat sedikit berbicara, tidak ada pembelaan diri, serta memberikan jawaban-jawaban secara tidak langsung dan hanya sesekali saja atas pertanyaan-pertanyaan para imam, menyebabkan seorang petugas menampar Yesus. Dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Matius%2026%3A62&version=tb">Matius 26:62</a></span>, ketidakacuhan Yesus membuat Kayafas bertanya kepada-Nya, "Tidakkah Engkau memberi jawab atas tuduhan-tuduhan saksi-saksi ini terhadap Engkau?"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003487–500_185-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003487–500-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009396–400_186-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009396–400-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holman608_187-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holman608-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Markus%2014%3A61&version=tb">Markus 14:61</a></span> imam besar lalu bertanya kepada Yesus, "Apakah Engkau Mesias, Anak dari Yang Terpuji?" Yesus menjawab, "Akulah Dia", dan kemudian memprediksi akan datangnya <a href="/wiki/Putra_manusia_(Kekristenan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Putra manusia (Kekristenan)">Putra Manusia</a> (Anak Manusia).<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_30-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hal ini mengakibatkan Kayafas merobek jubahnya sendiri dalam kemarahan dan menuduh Yesus melakukan penghujatan. Dalam Injil Matius dan Lukas, jawaban Yesus lebih ambigu:<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_30-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003495_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003495-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Matius%2026%3A64&version=tb">Matius 26:64</a></span> Yesus menjawab, "Engkau telah mengatakannya", dan dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%2022%3A70&version=tb">Lukas 22:70</a></span> Yesus menjawab, "Kamu sendiri mengatakan bahwa Akulah Anak Allah."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009396–398_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009396–398-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mereka membawa Yesus ke <a href="/wiki/Pengadilan_Pilatus" title="Pengadilan Pilatus">pengadilan Pilatus</a>, dan Pilatus tampak sangat enggan untuk menghukum Yesus; menurut Robert W. Funk, adalah tua-tua Yahudi yang harus disalahkan atas penyaliban Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-ActJMark_191-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ActJMark-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Agustinus_dari_Hippo" title="Agustinus dari Hippo">Agustinus dari Hippo</a> mengatakan bahwa Pilatus tidaklah bebas dari kesalahan, karena ia menggunakan kekuasaannya untuk mengeksekusi Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Para tetua Yahudi meminta gubernur Romawi <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilatus" title="Pontius Pilatus">Pontius Pilatus</a> untuk mengadili dan menghukum Yesus, menuduh-Nya mengklaim sebagai Raja orang Yahudi.<sup id="cite_ref-Holman608_187-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holman608-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penggunaan kata "raja" dipandang sebagai pokok diskusi antara Yesus dan Pilatus. Dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Yohanes%2018%3A36&version=tb">Yohanes 18:36</a></span> Yesus menyatakan, "Kerajaan-Ku bukan dari dunia ini", tetapi Yesus tidak membantah secara tegas sebutan Raja orang Yahudi.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%2023%3A7-15&version=tb">Lukas 23:7–15</a></span> Pilatus menyadari bahwa Yesus adalah orang Galilea, dan dengan demikian berada di bawah yurisdiksi <a href="/wiki/Herodes_Antipas" title="Herodes Antipas">Herodes Antipas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiswonger1992172_195-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiswonger1992172-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMajerníkPonessaManhardt2005181_196-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMajerníkPonessaManhardt2005181-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pilatus mengirimkan Yesus kepada Herodes untuk diadili,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarter2003120–121_197-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarter2003120–121-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tetapi Yesus tidak mengatakan apapun dalam menanggapi pertanyaan-pertanyaan Herodes. Herodes dan prajuritnya mengejek Yesus, mengenakan sebuah jubah mahal pada Yesus untuk membuat-Nya terlihat seperti seorang raja, dan mengembalikan Yesus kepada Pilatus,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiswonger1992172_195-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiswonger1992172-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang kemudian memanggil para tetua Yahudi dan mengumumkan bahwa ia "tidak mendapati kesalahan apapun pada-Nya".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarter2003120–121_197-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarter2003120–121-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dengan pertimbangan kebiasaan <a href="/wiki/Paskah_Yahudi" title="Paskah Yahudi">Paskah Yahudi</a> pada zaman itu, Pilatus mengizinkan seorang tahanan dipilih oleh orang banyak untuk dibebaskan. Ia memberikan mereka pilihan antara Yesus dan seorang pembunuh bernama <a href="/wiki/Barabas" title="Barabas">Barabas</a>. Karena bujukan para tetua Yahudi (Matius 27:20), massa memilih untuk melepaskan Barabas dan menyalibkan Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009400–401_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009400–401-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pilatus menulis pada sebuah papan dengan bahasa Ibrani, Latin, dan Yunani yang berbunyi "Yesus, orang Nazaret, Raja orang Yahudi" (disingkat <a href="/wiki/INRI" title="INRI">INRI</a> dalam penggambaran-penggambaran) untuk ditempelkan di atas kayu salib Yesus (Yohanes 19:19–20),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown198893_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown198893-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> menyuruh orang untuk <a href="/wiki/Yesus_didera" title="Yesus didera">mendera</a> Yesus, dan mengirim Yesus untuk disalibkan. Para prajurit menempatkan <a href="/wiki/Mahkota_duri" title="Mahkota duri">Mahkota duri</a> di kepala Yesus dan mengolok-olok-Nya sebagai Raja orang Yahudi. Mereka memukuli dan mengejek Yesus sebelum membawa-Nya ke <a href="/wiki/Kalvari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalvari">Kalvari</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Senior_200-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Senior-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang juga disebut Golgota, untuk disalibkan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003487–500_185-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003487–500-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holman608_187-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holman608-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009402_201-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009402-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Penyaliban_dan_pemakaman">Penyaliban dan pemakaman</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Penyaliban_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Penyaliban Yesus">Penyaliban Yesus</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Penguburan_Yesus" title="Penguburan Yesus">Penguburan Yesus</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Tujuh_Perkataan_Salib" title="Tujuh Perkataan Salib">Tujuh Perkataan Salib</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kegelapan_saat_Penyaliban" title="Kegelapan saat Penyaliban">Kegelapan saat Penyaliban</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pietro_Perugino_040.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Pietro_Perugino_040.jpg/170px-Pietro_Perugino_040.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Pietro_Perugino_040.jpg/255px-Pietro_Perugino_040.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Pietro_Perugino_040.jpg/340px-Pietro_Perugino_040.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2195" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Penggambaran <a href="/wiki/Penyaliban_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Penyaliban Yesus">Penyaliban</a> oleh <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Perugino" title="Pietro Perugino">Pietro Perugino</a> sebagai <i><a href="/wiki/Stabat_Mater_(seni_rupa)" title="Stabat Mater (seni rupa)">Stabat Mater</a></i>, tahun 1482.</figcaption></figure> <p>Penyaliban Yesus dideskripsikan dalam keempat Injil kanonik. Setelah proses persidangan, <a href="/wiki/Yesus_memanggul_salib" title="Yesus memanggul salib">Yesus memanggul salib</a> menuju Kalvari; menurut tradisi, rute yang dilalui Yesus selama memanggul salib dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Via_Dolorosa" title="Via Dolorosa">Via Dolorosa</a>. Ketiga Injil Sinoptik mengindikasikan bahwa <a href="/wiki/Simon_dari_Kirene" title="Simon dari Kirene">Simon dari Kirene</a> membantu Yesus setelah dipaksa oleh prajurit Romawi untuk melakukannya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009211–214_203-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009211–214-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%2023%3A27-28&version=tb">Lukas 23:27–28</a></span> Yesus mengatakan kepada para perempuan di antara orang banyak yang mengikuti-Nya agar tidak menangisi-Nya melainkan agar mereka menangisi diri mereka sendiri dan anak-anak mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520_202-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di Kalvari, Yesus ditawarkan semacam ramuan yang biasa ditawarkan sebagai obat penghilang rasa sakit. Menurut Injil Matius dan Markus, Yesus menolaknya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520_202-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009211–214_203-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009211–214-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Para prajurit kemudian menyalibkan Yesus dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sortes_(Roma_kuno)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sortes (Roma kuno) (halaman belum tersedia)">membuang undi</a> atas pakaian Yesus. Di atas kepala Yesus di kayu salib terdapat inskripsi tulisan Pilatus, "Yesus dari Nazaret, Raja orang Yahudi"; para prajurit dan orang-orang yang lewat di sana <a href="/wiki/Yesus_diejek" title="Yesus diejek">mengejek Yesus</a> terkait hal tersebut. Yesus disalibkan di antara dua penyamun yang telah dinyatakan bersalah, <a href="/wiki/Penyamun_yang_tidak_bertobat" title="Penyamun yang tidak bertobat">salah seorang di antaranya menghardik</a> Yesus, sedangkan <a href="/wiki/Dismas" title="Dismas">seorang yang lainnya</a> membela Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520_202-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoninger1999271_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoninger1999271-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Para prajurit Romawi mematahkan kaki kedua penyamun tersebut (suatu prosedur yang digunakan untuk mempercepat kematian dalam suatu penyaliban), tetapi mereka tidak mematahkan kaki Yesus karena saat itu Yesus telah menghadapi kematian-Nya. Dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Yohanes%2019%3A34&version=tb">Yohanes 19:34</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Santo_Longinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo Longinus">salah seorang prajurit</a> menikam lambung Yesus dengan <a href="/wiki/Tombak_Suci" class="mw-redirect" title="Tombak Suci">tombak</a> sehingga darah dan air mengalir keluar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoninger1999[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZP_f9icf2roC&pg=PA271#v=onepage&q=%22already%20dead%22%20%22blood%20and%20water%22&f=false_271]_205-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoninger1999[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZP_f9icf2roC&pg=PA271#v=onepage&q=%2522already%2520dead%2522%2520%2522blood%2520and%2520water%2522&f=false_271]-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Matius%2027%3A51-54&version=tb">Matius 27:51–54</a></span>, ketika Yesus menghadapi kematian-Nya, <a href="/wiki/Kegelapan_saat_Penyaliban" title="Kegelapan saat Penyaliban">tirai besar di Bait Allah terkoyak dan terjadi gempa bumi yang mengakibatkan makam-makam terbuka</a>. Karena sangat ketakutan menyaksikan peristiwa-peristiwa tersebut, seorang <a href="/wiki/Centurion" class="mw-redirect" title="Centurion">perwira</a> Romawi menyatakan bahwa Yesus adalah <a href="/wiki/Anak_Allah" title="Anak Allah">Putra Allah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520_202-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009213–214_206-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009213–214-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada hari yang sama, <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_dari_Arimatea" title="Yusuf dari Arimatea">Yusuf dari Arimatea</a>, dengan izin Pilatus dan dengan bantuan <a href="/wiki/Nikodemus" title="Nikodemus">Nikodemus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penurunan_dari_salib" class="mw-redirect" title="Penurunan dari salib">menurunkan jenazah Yesus dari kayu salib</a>, membungkus-Nya dengan kain bersih, dan membaringkan Yesus di dalam <a href="/wiki/Makam" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Makam">makamnya</a> dari bukit batu yang dipahat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520_202-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Matius%2027%3A62-66&version=tb">Matius 27:62–66</a></span>, pada hari berikutnya para imam kepala Yahudi meminta Pilatus supaya makam tersebut diamankan, dan atas izin Pilatus para imam tersebut menyegel batu besar yang menutupi pintu masuk makam serta menempatkan penjaga.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520_202-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992727_207-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992727-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kebangkitan_dan_kenaikan">Kebangkitan dan kenaikan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_Yesus" title="Kebangkitan Yesus">Kebangkitan Yesus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kemunculan_Yesus_setelah_kebangkitan" title="Kemunculan Yesus setelah kebangkitan">Kemunculan Yesus setelah kebangkitan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kenaikan_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenaikan Yesus">Kenaikan Yesus</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Makam_kosong" title="Makam kosong">Makam kosong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amanat_Agung" title="Amanat Agung">Amanat Agung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kedatangan_Kedua_Yesus_Kristus" title="Kedatangan Kedua Yesus Kristus">Kedatangan Kedua Yesus Kristus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_Yesus_dalam_seni_rupa_Kristen" title="Kebangkitan Yesus dalam seni rupa Kristen">Kebangkitan Yesus dalam seni rupa Kristen</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kenaikan_Yesus_dalam_seni_rupa_Kristen" title="Kenaikan Yesus dalam seni rupa Kristen">Kenaikan Yesus dalam seni rupa Kristen</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:IVANOV_YAV_HRISTA_MARI1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/IVANOV_YAV_HRISTA_MARI1.jpg/220px-IVANOV_YAV_HRISTA_MARI1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/IVANOV_YAV_HRISTA_MARI1.jpg/330px-IVANOV_YAV_HRISTA_MARI1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/IVANOV_YAV_HRISTA_MARI1.jpg/440px-IVANOV_YAV_HRISTA_MARI1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="855" /></a><figcaption>Yesus menampakkan diri kepada Maria Magdalena setelah <a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_Yesus" title="Kebangkitan Yesus">kebangkitan-Nya dari antara orang mati</a>, digambarkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Andreyevich_Ivanov" title="Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov">Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dalam keempat Injil, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Magdalena" title="Maria Magdalena">Maria Magdalena</a> pergi mengunjungi makam Yesus pada hari Minggu pagi dan terkejut karena menemukan makam tersebut kosong. Ia kemudian mengetahui bahwa Yesus telah bangkit dari antara orang mati. Kendati Yesus telah memberitahukannya, para murid saat itu belum memahami bahwa Yesus akan bangkit kembali.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985308–309_208-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985308–309-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah peristiwa penemuan makam kosong, Yesus melakukan serangkaian penampakan kepada para murid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003521–530_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003521–530-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Dalam Injil Markus, Salome dan seorang Maria lainnya ada bersama Maria Magdalena saat mengunjungi makam Yesus (Markus 16:1). Seorang pemuda berjubah putih (seorang malaikat) mengatakan kepada mereka bahwa Yesus akan menemui para murid di Galilea, sebagaimana telah dikatakan oleh Yesus kepada mereka (merujuk pada Markus 14:28).<sup id="cite_ref-May_Metzger_Mark_61-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-May_Metzger_Mark-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tidak lama setelah kisah tersebut, Injil Markus berakhir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985285–296_122-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985285–296-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dalam Injil Matius, terjadi gempa bumi ketika para perempuan itu mengunjungi makam, dan seorang malaikat Tuhan turun dari surga sehingga membuat para penjaga sangat ketakutan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985308–309_208-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985308–309-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yesus menampakkan diri kepada kesebelas murid yang tersisa di Galilea dan <a href="/wiki/Amanat_Agung" title="Amanat Agung">mengutus mereka</a> untuk membaptis semua bangsa dalam nama Bapa, Putra, dan Roh Kudus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985272–285_103-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985272–285-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dalam Injil Lukas, Maria Magdalena dan para perempuan lainnya bertemu dengan dua orang malaikat, dan kesebelas murid tidak mempercayai cerita mereka (Lukas 24:1–12).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985308–309_208-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985308–309-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yesus menampakkan diri pada hari yang sama kepada para murid di Yerusalem (Lukas 24:13–43). Meskipun Yesus memperlihatkan diri dan menghilang secara misterius, Yesus juga makan dan membiarkan mereka menyentuh-Nya untuk membuktikan bahwa Ia bukan hantu. Yesus mengulangi perintah-Nya untuk mewartakan ajaran-Nya kepada semua bangsa (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%2024%3A47&version=tb">Lukas 24:47</a></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985297–301_209-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985297–301-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dalam Injil Yohanes, Maria Magdalena pada awalnya sendirian, namun Petrus dan murid yang dikasihi Yesus datang dan mengunjungi makam juga. Yesus lalu menampakkan diri kepada Maria di makam kosong tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985308–309_208-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985308–309-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selanjutnya Yesus menampakkan diri kepada para murid, mengembuskan napas kepada mereka, dan memberi mereka kuasa untuk mengampuni maupun menahan dosa orang.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985302–310_85-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985302–310-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam kunjungan kedua, Yesus membuktikan kepada seorang murid yang ragu-ragu ("<a href="/wiki/Tomas_yang_ragu-ragu" title="Tomas yang ragu-ragu">Tomas yang ragu-ragu</a>") bahwa Ia berwujud daging dan darah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985302–310_85-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985302–310-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peristiwa <a href="/wiki/Yesus_memberikan_hasil_tangkapan_153_ekor_ikan" title="Yesus memberikan hasil tangkapan 153 ekor ikan">penangkapan 153 ekor ikan</a> merupakan suatu mukjizat di Laut Galilea, di mana setelah itu Yesus membesarkan hati Petrus untuk melayani para pengikut-Nya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003521–530_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003521–530-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007216–226_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007216–226-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Kenaikan Yesus ke Surga dideskripsikan dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%2024%3A50-53&version=tb">Lukas 24:50–53</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Kisah%20Para%20Rasul%201%3A1-11&version=tb">Kisah Para Rasul 1:1–11</a></span>, dan disebutkan dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?1%20Timotius%203%3A16&version=tb">1 Timotius 3:16</a></span>. Dalam Kisah Para Rasul, empat puluh hari setelah Kebangkitan, "terangkatlah Ia disaksikan oleh mereka, dan awan menutup-Nya dari pandangan mereka." <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?1%20Petrus%203%3A22&version=tb">1 Petrus 3:22</a></span> menyatakan bahwa Yesus telah "duduk di sebelah kanan Allah, setelah Ia naik ke surga."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003521–530_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003521–530-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kisah Para Rasul mendeskripsikan beberapa penampakan Yesus dalam berbagai visiun atau penglihatan setelah Kenaikan Yesus. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Kisah%20Para%20Rasul%207%3A55&version=tb">Kisah Para Rasul 7:55</a></span> mendeskripsikan suatu penglihatan yang dialami oleh <a href="/wiki/Stefanus" title="Stefanus">Stefanus</a> sesaat menjelang kematiannya.<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam perjalanan menuju <a href="/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus">Damaskus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konversi_Rasul_Paulus" class="mw-redirect" title="Konversi Rasul Paulus">Rasul Paulus mengonversikan diri</a> ke dalam Kekristenan setelah melihat cahaya yang menyilaukan dan mendengar suara yang mengatakan, "Akulah Yesus yang kauaniaya itu" (<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Kisah%20Para%20Rasul%209%3A5&version=tb">Kisah Para Rasul 9:5</a></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-HarringtonActs_212-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HarringtonActs-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Kisah%20Para%20Rasul%209%3A10-18&version=tb">Kisah Para Rasul 9:10–18</a></span>, Yesus memerintahkan <a href="/wiki/Ananias_dari_Damsyik" title="Ananias dari Damsyik">Ananias dari Damaskus</a> untuk menyembuhkan Paulus. Peristiwa ini merupakan percakapan terakhir dengan Yesus yang dilaporkan dalam Alkitab sampai <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Wahyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitab Wahyu">Kitab Wahyu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-HarringtonActs_212-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HarringtonActs-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> di mana <a href="/wiki/Kepengarangan_karya-karya_Yohanes#Kitab_Wahyu" title="Kepengarangan karya-karya Yohanes">seorang laki-laki bernama Yohanes</a> dikisahkan menerima wahyu dari Yesus mengenai <a href="/wiki/Eskatologi_Kristen" title="Eskatologi Kristen">hari-hari terakhir</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ketika Yesus diprediksi kembali dalam kemenangan (Wahyu 19:11–21). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kesejarahan">Kesejarahan</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Yesus_sebagai_tokoh_dalam_sejarah" title="Yesus sebagai tokoh dalam sejarah">Yesus sebagai tokoh dalam sejarah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pencarian_akan_Yesus_historis" title="Pencarian akan Yesus historis">Pencarian akan Yesus historis</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Kritik_teks_(Alkitab)" title="Kritik teks (Alkitab)">Kritik teks (Alkitab)</a></div> <p>Sebelum <a href="/wiki/Abad_Pencerahan" title="Abad Pencerahan">Abad Pencerahan</a>, laporan-laporan Injil biasanya dipandang sebagai catatan sejarah yang akurat, tetapi sejak saat itu para akademisi mengangkat pertanyaan-pertanyaan mengenai keandalan Injil serta menarik suatu perbedaan antara Yesus yang dideskripsikan di dalam Injil dan Yesus dalam sejarah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20065_214-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine20065-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sejak abad ke-18, tiga pencarian keilmuan yang terpisah atas Yesus historis telah berlangsung, masing-masing memiliki karakteristik berbeda dan didasarkan pada kriteria penelitian berbeda, yang sering kali dikembangkan selama pencarian yang menerapkannya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitherington19979–13_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitherington19979–13-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell199819–23_216-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell199819–23-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meskipun terdapat kesepakatan keilmuan tentang keberadaan Yesus,<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan suatu konsensus dasar tentang garis besar umum kehidupannya,<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> potret Yesus yang dibangun dalam pencarian-pencarian tersebut sering berbeda satu sama lain serta dari citra yang digambarkan dalam laporan-laporan Injil.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pendekatan-pendekatan untuk rekonstruksi sejarah tentang kehidupan Yesus bervariasi dari pendekatan-pendekatan "maksimalis" abad ke-19 yang menerima laporan-laporan Injil sebagai bukti tepercaya sejauh memungkinkan, sampai dengan pendekatan-pendekatan "minimalis" abad ke-20 yang nyaris tidak menerima satu pun mengenai Yesus sebagai sejarah.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1950-an, seiring dengan kecepatan laju <a href="/wiki/Pencarian_akan_Yesus_historis" title="Pencarian akan Yesus historis">pencarian kedua akan Yesus historis</a>, pendekatan-pendekatan minimalis memudar, dan pada abad ke-21, minimalis seperti Price termasuk dalam kaum minoritas yang sangat kecil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChiltonEvans199827_223-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChiltonEvans199827-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans20124–5_224-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans20124–5-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meskipun keyakinan bahwa Injil tidak dapat salah (ineransi) tidak dapat didukung secara historis, banyak akademisi sejak tahun 1980-an berpandangan bahwa, di luar beberapa fakta yang dianggap pasti secara historis, elemen-elemen tertentu lainnya dari kehidupan Yesus "besar kemungkinan terjadi secara historis".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChiltonEvans199827_223-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChiltonEvans199827-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenWinter2002142–143_226-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenWinter2002142–143-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penelitian keilmuan modern mengenai Yesus historis dengan demikian berfokus pada identifikasi elemen-elemen yang paling besar kemungkinannya.<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeier2006124_228-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeier2006124-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yudea_dan_Galilea_pada_abad_ke-1">Yudea dan Galilea pada abad ke-1</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Palestine_in_the_time_of_Jesus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Palestine_in_the_time_of_Jesus.jpg/220px-Palestine_in_the_time_of_Jesus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Palestine_in_the_time_of_Jesus.jpg/330px-Palestine_in_the_time_of_Jesus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Palestine_in_the_time_of_Jesus.jpg/440px-Palestine_in_the_time_of_Jesus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1826" data-file-height="2573" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yudea" title="Yudea">Yudea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galilea" title="Galilea">Galilea</a>, dan daerah sekitarnya pada zaman Yesus.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada tahun 6 M, Yudea, <a href="/wiki/Edom" title="Edom">Idumea</a>, dan Samaria mengalami transformasi dari <a href="/wiki/Negara_klien" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara klien">kerajaan klien</a> Kekaisaran Romawi menjadi provinsi kekaisaran. Seorang prefek Romawi, bukannya seorang raja klien, memerintah daratan tersebut. Sang prefek memerintah dari Kaisarea, membiarkan Yerusalem dikelola oleh imam besar. Sebagai pengecualian, sang prefek datang ke Yerusalem pada saat festival-festival keagamaan, yang terkadang antusiasme patriotik dan keagamaan menginspirasi terjadinya kerusuhan atau pemberontakan. Tanah milik kaum non-Yahudi mengelilingi Yudea dan Galilea yang adalah wilayah Yahudi, tetapi praktik dan hukum Romawi memungkinkan kaum Yahudi untuk tetap terpisah secara hukum dan kultural. Galilea merupakan daerah yang makmur, dan kemiskinan relatif terbatas sehingga tidak mengancam tatanan sosial. Agama Yahudi dipandang tidak biasa dalam hal kaum Yahudi hanya mengakui satu Allah, mereka menganggap diri sebagai pilihan Allah, dan mereka menginginkan bangsa-bangsa lain untuk menerima Allah mereka sebagai satu-satunya Allah. Kaum Yahudi mendasarkan iman dan praktik keagamaan mereka pada <a href="/wiki/Taurat" title="Taurat">Taurat</a>, yaitu lima kitab yang dikatakan diberikan oleh Allah kepada <a href="/wiki/Musa" title="Musa">Musa</a>. Tiga kelompok keagamaan terkemuka mereka adalah <a href="/wiki/Farisi" title="Farisi">Farisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eseni" title="Eseni">Eseni</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Saduki" title="Saduki">Saduki</a>. Ketiga kelompok ini hanya mewakili sebagian kecil populasi Yahudi. Kebanyakan orang Yahudi menantikan waktu saat Allah akan membebaskan mereka dari para penguasa pagan, kemungkinan melalui perang melawan bangsa Romawi.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica150916_229-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica150916-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sumber-sumber">Sumber-sumber</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Tulisan_Yosefus_tentang_Yesus" title="Tulisan Yosefus tentang Yesus">Tulisan Yosefus tentang Yesus</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tulisan_Tasitus_tentang_Kristus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulisan Tasitus tentang Kristus">Tulisan Tasitus tentang Kristus</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26810368/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Josephusbust.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Josephusbust.jpg/250px-Josephusbust.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Josephusbust.jpg/330px-Josephusbust.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="949" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:WorksJosephus1640TP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/WorksJosephus1640TP.jpg/150px-WorksJosephus1640TP.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/WorksJosephus1640TP.jpg/225px-WorksJosephus1640TP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/WorksJosephus1640TP.jpg/300px-WorksJosephus1640TP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Sebuah edisi tahun 1640 dari karya <a href="/wiki/Yosefus" class="mw-redirect" title="Yosefus">Yosefus</a>, seorang sejarawan <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_orang_Yahudi_di_Kekaisaran_Romawi#Orang_Yahudi_di_Roma_dan_orang_Romawi_di_Yerusalem" title="Sejarah orang Yahudi di Kekaisaran Romawi">Yahudi-Romawi</a> abad ke-1 yang menyebutkan mengenai Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009431–436_230-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009431–436-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p>Para sejarawan menghadapi suatu tantangan yang berat ketika mereka menganalisis Injil kanonik.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985263_231-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985263-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Injil tidak dipandang sebagai <a href="/wiki/Biografi" title="Biografi">biografi</a> dalam pengertian masa kini; para penulis Injil menjelaskan signifikansi teologis Yesus dan menceritakan kembali pelayanan Yesus kepada publik tanpa mencantumkan banyak detail mengenai kehidupannya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985263_231-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985263-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peristiwa-peristiwa supranatural yang berkaitan dengan kematian dan kebangkitan Yesus menjadikan tantangan tersebut lebih sulit lagi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985263_231-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985263-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Para akademisi menggunakan sejumlah kriteria, seperti <a href="/wiki/Kritik_teks_(Alkitab)#Beberapa_pengesahan" title="Kritik teks (Alkitab)">kriteria beberapa pengesahan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kritik_teks_(Alkitab)#Koherensi" title="Kritik teks (Alkitab)">kriteria koherensi</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kritik_teks_(Alkitab)#Ketidaksamaan" title="Kritik teks (Alkitab)">kriteria ketidaksamaan</a>, untuk menilai historisitas setiap peristiwa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERausch200336–37_232-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERausch200336–37-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historisitas suatu peristiwa juga tergantung pada keandalan sumber rujukan; pada hakikatnya Injil merupakan catatan kehidupan Yesus yang tidak independen ataupun konsisten. Injil Markus, yang kemungkinan besar merupakan Injil yang paling awal ditulis, selama beberapa dekade telah dipandang sebagai yang paling akurat secara historis.<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Injil Yohanes, Injil yang terakhir ditulis, cukup berbeda dengan Injil Sinoptik, dan dengan demikian secara umum dianggap kurang dapat diandalkan. Namun saat ini semakin banyak akademisi yang juga mengakui bahwa Injil Yohanes dapat saja mengandung suatu inti dari materi yang lebih lama dengan nilai sejarah sebagaimana tradisi Injil Sinoptik, atau bahkan lebih darinya.<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Injil_Tomas" title="Injil Tomas">Injil Tomas</a>, suatu Injil nonkanonik, merupakan salah satu saksi independen atas banyak aforisme dan perumpamaan Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-5GThomas_235-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5GThomas-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebagai contoh, Injil Tomas mengonfirmasikan bahwa Yesus memberkati kaum miskin dan bahwa ekspresi ini tersebar luas secara independen sebelum dikombinasikan dengan ekspresi-ekspresi serupa dalam <a href="/wiki/Dokumen_Q" class="mw-redirect" title="Dokumen Q">dokumen Q</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5GThomas_235-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5GThomas-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teks Kristen nonkanonik tertentu lainnya mungkin juga memiliki nilai sejarah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199817–62_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199817–62-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sumber-sumber non-Kristen yang digunakan untuk membangun keberadaan Yesus secara historis misalnya karya-karya sejarawan abad pertama seperti <a href="/wiki/Yosefus" class="mw-redirect" title="Yosefus">Yosefus</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tasitus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009431–436_230-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009431–436-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Voorst200039–53_237-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Voorst200039–53-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Feldman" title="Louis Feldman">Louis Feldman</a>, seorang sejarawan yang mengkhususkan diri dalam karya-karya Yosefus, menyatakan bahwa "sedikit orang yang meragukan keaslian" referensi Yosefus tentang Yesus dalam <i><a href="/wiki/Antiquitates_Iudaicae" title="Antiquitates Iudaicae">Antiquitates Iudaicae</a></i> <a href="https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/en:The_Antiquities_of_the_Jews/Book_XX#Chapter_9" class="extiw" title="s:en:The Antiquities of the Jews/Book XX">buku 20</a>, dan hanya dibantah oleh sejumlah kecil akademisi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Voorst200083_238-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Voorst200083-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tasitus menyebut <a href="/wiki/Kristus" title="Kristus">Kristus</a> dan eksekusinya oleh Pilatus dalam <a href="https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/en:The_Annals_(Tacitus)/Book_15#44" class="extiw" title="s:en:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 15">buku 15</a> karyanya yang berjudul <i><a href="/wiki/Annales" title="Annales">Annales</a></i>. Para akademisi umumnya menganggap referensi Tasitus mengenai eksekusi Yesus adalah otentik, dan sebagai suatu sumber Romawi yang independen memiliki nilai historis.<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sumber-sumber non-Kristen dipandang berharga dalam dua hal. Pertama-tama, sumber-sumber tersebut memperlihatkan kalau pihak-pihak netral ataupun seterunya tidak pernah menunjukkan keraguan bahwa Yesus benar-benar ada. Kedua, sumber-sumber tersebut menyajikan suatu gambaran kasar mengenai Yesus yang kompatibel dengan yang ditemukan dalam sumber-sumber Kristen: bahwa Yesus adalah seorang guru,<sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> memiliki reputasi sebagai seorang pembuat mukjizat, memiliki <a href="/wiki/Saudara-saudara_Yesus" title="Saudara-saudara Yesus">saudara</a> bernama <a href="/wiki/Yakobus,_saudara_Yesus" title="Yakobus, saudara Yesus">Yakobus</a>, dan mengalami kematian yang kejam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998_242-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi">Arkeologi</a> membantu para akademisi untuk lebih memahami dunia sosial Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReed200218_243-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReed200218-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penelitian arkeologis belakangan ini, misalnya, menunjukkan bahwa <a href="/wiki/Kapernaum" title="Kapernaum">Kapernaum</a>—sebuah kota penting dalam pelayanan Yesus—adalah kota yang miskin dan kecil, bahkan tidak terdapat satu pun ruang terbuka publik (forum) atau <a href="/wiki/Agora" title="Agora">agora</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gowler_244-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gowler-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penemuan arkeologis ini bergema baik dengan pandangan keilmuan bahwa Yesus menganjurkan saling berbagi di antara kaum miskin di daerah Galilea tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-Gowler_244-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gowler-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kronologi">Kronologi</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Kronologi_kehidupan_Yesus" title="Kronologi kehidupan Yesus">Kronologi kehidupan Yesus</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></div> <p>Sebagian besar akademisi sepakat bahwa Yesus adalah seorang Yahudi <a href="/wiki/Galilea" title="Galilea">Galilea</a>, lahir sekitar awal abad pertama, meninggal antara tahun 30 dan 36 M di <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Yudea" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Yudea">Yudea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009114_246-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009114-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaier1989124_247-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaier1989124-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Konsensus keilmuan yang umum adalah bahwa Yesus hidup pada zaman yang sama dengan <a href="/wiki/Yohanes_Pembaptis" title="Yohanes Pembaptis">Yohanes Pembaptis</a> dan disalibkan oleh gubernur Romawi bernama <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilatus" title="Pontius Pilatus">Pontius Pilatus</a> yang menjabat dari tahun 26 sampai 36 M.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20064_248-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine20064-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Injil memberikan beberapa petunjuk mengenai tahun kelahiran Yesus. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Matius%202%3A1&version=tb">Matius 2:1</a></span> menghubungkan kelahiran Yesus dengan pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/Herodes_Agung" title="Herodes Agung">Herodes Agung</a> yang meninggal dunia sekitar tahun 4 SM, dan <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%201%3A5&version=tb">Lukas 1:5</a></span> menyebutkan bahwa Herodes berada di atas takhta sesaat sebelum kelahiran Yesus,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaier1989115–118_249-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaier1989115–118-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiswonger1992121–122_250-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiswonger1992121–122-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kendati Injil ini juga menghubungkan kelahiran Yesus dengan <a href="/wiki/Sensus_Kirenius" title="Sensus Kirenius">Sensus Kirenius</a> yang diadakan sepuluh tahun kemudian.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009137–138_251-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009137–138-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiswonger1992122–124_252-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiswonger1992122–124-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%203%3A23&version=tb">Lukas 3:23</a></span> menyatakan bahwa Yesus "berumur kira-kira tiga puluh tahun" saat mengawali <a href="/wiki/Pelayanan_Yesus" title="Pelayanan Yesus">pelayanan</a>, yang menurut <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Kisah%20Para%20Rasul%2010%3A37-38&version=tb">Kisah Para Rasul 10:37–38</a></span> didahului dengan pelayanan Yohanes yang tercatat dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%203%3A1-2&version=tb">Lukas 3:1–2</a></span> telah dimulai pada tahun ke-15 pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a> (28 atau 29 M).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiswonger1992121–122_250-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENiswonger1992121–122-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vermes2006_253-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vermes2006-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dengan menyatukan laporan-laporan Injil dan data sejarah serta menggunakan berbagai metode lainnya, sebagian besar akademisi menyimpulkan tahun kelahiran Yesus antara tahun 6 dan 4 SM,<sup id="cite_ref-Vermes2006_253-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vermes2006-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2003324_254-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003324-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tetapi beberapa kalangan mengajukan perkiraan dalam kisaran yang lebih luas.<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tahun-tahun pelayanan Yesus diperhitungkan menggunakan beberapa pendekatan berbeda.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009140_256-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009140-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedman2000249_257-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreedman2000249-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salah satu pendekatan menerapkan referensi dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Lukas%203%3A1-2&version=tb">Lukas 3:1–2</a></span>, <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Kisah%20Para%20Rasul%2010%3A37-38&version=tb">Kisah Para Rasul 10:37–38</a></span>, dan tahun pemerintahan Tiberius yang telah diketahui secara luas, sehingga menghasilkan perkiraan tahun 28–29 M sebagai awal pelayanan Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaier1989120–121_258-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaier1989120–121-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pendekatan lainnya menggunakan pernyataan tentang bait dalam <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Yohanes%202%3A13-20&version=tb">Yohanes 2:13–20</a></span>, yang menyatakan bahwa <a href="/wiki/Bait_Allah_(Yerusalem)" title="Bait Allah (Yerusalem)">bait di Yerusalem</a> memasuki tahun ke-46 pembangunannya pada awal pelayanan Yesus, bersama-sama dengan <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:The_Antiquities_of_the_Jews/Book_XV" class="extiw" title="wikisource:en:The Antiquities of the Jews/Book XV">pernyataan Yosefus</a> bahwa pembangunan kembali bait tersebut dimulai oleh Herodes pada tahun ke-18 pemerintahannya, sehingga menghasilkan perkiraan tahun 27–29 M.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009140_256-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009140-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaier1989123_259-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaier1989123-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suatu metode lanjutan menggunakan tahun <a href="/wiki/Wafatnya_St._Yohanes_Pembaptis" class="mw-redirect" title="Wafatnya St. Yohanes Pembaptis">kematian Yohanes Pembaptis</a> dan perkawinan <a href="/wiki/Herodes_Antipas" title="Herodes Antipas">Herodes Antipas</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Herodias" title="Herodias">Herodias</a>, yang didasarkan pada tulisan-tulisan Yosefus, serta menghubungkannya dengan <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Matius%2014%3A4&version=tb">Matius 14:4</a></span> dan <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkitab.sabda.org/?Markus%206%3A18&version=tb">Markus 6:18</a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-261"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mengingat bahwa kebanyakan akademisi menarikhkan 28–35 M sebagai tahun perkawinan Herodes dengan Herodias, maka dihasilkan perkiraan tahun 28–29 M.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedman2000249_257-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreedman2000249-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sejumlah pendekatan telah digunakan untuk memperkirakan tahun <a href="/wiki/Penyaliban_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Penyaliban Yesus">penyaliban Yesus</a>. Kebanyakan akademisi sepakat bahwa kematian Yesus terjadi antara tahun 30 dan 33 M.<sup id="cite_ref-Humphreys1992_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Humphreys1992-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009398_262-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009398-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Injil menyebutkan bahwa peristiwa tersebut terjadi selama pemerintahan Pilatus, gubernur Romawi di Yudea dari tahun 26 sampai 36 M.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199881–83_263-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199881–83-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-264"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarter200344–45_265-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarter200344–45-265"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tahun <a href="/wiki/Konversi_Rasul_Paulus" class="mw-redirect" title="Konversi Rasul Paulus">konversi Paulus</a> (diperkirakan tahun 33–36 M) berfungsi sebagai batas atas untuk penetapan tahun Penyaliban. Tahun konversi dan pelayanan Paulus dapat ditentukan dengan menganalisis surat-surat Paulus dan Kisah Para Rasul.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009398–400_266-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009398–400-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-267" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-267"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Para astronom sejak <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> telah berupaya untuk memperkirakan tahun Penyaliban dengan menganalisis pergerakan bulan dan menghitung tahun historis <a href="/wiki/Paskah_Yahudi" title="Paskah Yahudi">Paskah Yahudi</a>, suatu perayaan yang didasarkan pada <a href="/wiki/Kalender_Yahudi" title="Kalender Yahudi">kalender Yahudi</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalender_suryacandra" title="Kalender suryacandra">suryacandra</a>. Berdasarkan metode ini, tarikh yang paling banyak diterima adalah 7 April, 30 M, dan 3 April, 33 M (keduanya menurut <a href="/wiki/Kalender_Julian" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalender Julian">kalender Julian</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-268"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historisitas_peristiwa-peristiwa">Historisitas peristiwa-peristiwa</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Historisitas_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Historisitas Yesus">Historisitas Yesus</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latar_belakang_sejarah_Perjanjian_Baru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latar belakang sejarah Perjanjian Baru (halaman belum tersedia)">Latar belakang sejarah Perjanjian Baru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_orang_Yahudi_di_Kekaisaran_Romawi" title="Sejarah orang Yahudi di Kekaisaran Romawi">Sejarah orang Yahudi di Kekaisaran Romawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kritik_sejarah_(Alkitab)" title="Kritik sejarah (Alkitab)">Kritik sejarah (Alkitab)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kritik_teks" title="Kritik teks">Kritik teks</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keandalan_historis_Injil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keandalan historis Injil (halaman belum tersedia)">Keandalan historis Injil</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26810368/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:310px;max-width:310px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Wien-_Parlament-Tacitus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A white statue of a man" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Wien-_Parlament-Tacitus.jpg/250px-Wien-_Parlament-Tacitus.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Wien-_Parlament-Tacitus.jpg/330px-Wien-_Parlament-Tacitus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1952" data-file-height="2576" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:MII.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An apparently old document" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/MII.png/152px-MII.png" decoding="async" width="152" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/MII.png/228px-MII.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/MII.png/304px-MII.png 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="3373" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Tasitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasitus">Tasitus</a>, seorang sejarawan dan senator Romawi, menulis tentang penyaliban Kristus (Yesus) dalam <i><a href="https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/en:The_Annals_(Tacitus)/Book_15#44" class="extiw" title="s:en:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 15">Annales</a></i> yang berisi sejarah Kekaisaran Romawi pada abad pertama.</div></div></div></div> <p>Para sejarawan telah mencapai konsensus tertentu seputar dasar-dasar kehidupan Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-White_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Keluarga">Keluarga</h4></div> <p>Yesus adalah orang Yahudi dan dilahirkan dalam keluarga Maria dan Yusuf. Ia dibesarkan di Nazaret di Galilea.<sup id="cite_ref-269" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-269"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kebanyakan akademisi modern, seperti <a href="/wiki/E._P._Sanders" title="E. P. Sanders">E. P. Sanders</a> dan <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_Vermes" title="Géza Vermes">Géza Vermes</a>, umumnya menganggap Yusuf sebagai ayah Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-Vermes_1981_283_270-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vermes_1981_283-270"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-271" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-271"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mereka menyatakan bahwa doktrin kelahiran Yesus dari perawan berasal dari pengembangan teologis, bukan peristiwa sejarah.<sup id="cite_ref-Vermes_1981_283_270-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vermes_1981_283-270"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Para akademisi lainnya memandang bahwa kelahiran dari perawan dapat dibuktikan oleh dua injil berbeda kendati terdapat variasi detail.<sup id="cite_ref-272" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-272"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-273" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-273"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-274"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-275" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-275"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-276" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-276"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam pandangan ini, <a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Dale_Bruner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. Dale Bruner (halaman belum tersedia)">F. Dale Bruner</a> mengatakan bahwa kelahiran dan konsepsi dari perawan merupakan suatu tradisi yang sesuai dengan <a href="/wiki/Kritik_teks_(Alkitab)#Beberapa_pengesahan" title="Kritik teks (Alkitab)">kriteria beberapa pengesahan</a> karena laporan dari Injil Matius dan Lukas berfungsi sebagai dua kesaksian yang independen dari tradisi tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-277" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-277"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>270<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Baptisan_dan_Yohanes_Pembaptis">Baptisan dan Yohanes Pembaptis</h4></div> <p>Sebagian besar akademisi modern memandang pembaptisan Yesus sebagai suatu fakta sejarah yang definitif, dan juga penyalibannya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2003339_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003339-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/James_Dunn_(teolog)" title="James Dunn (teolog)">James D.G. Dunn</a> menyatakan bahwa kedua peristiwa itu "mendapatkan persetujuan yang nyaris universal" dan "diberikan peringkat yang sedemikian tinggi dengan skala yang 'hampir tidak mungkin untuk diragukan atau ditolak' sebagai fakta sejarah" sehingga sering menjadi titik awal penelitian tentang Yesus historis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2003339_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003339-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Para akademisi mengemukakan <a href="/wiki/Kriteria_permaluan" title="Kriteria permaluan">kriteria permaluan</a>, dengan mengatakan bahwa kaum Kristen awal tidak akan menciptakan suatu peristiwa baptisan yang dapat mengisyaratkan bahwa Yesus berbuat dosa dan ingin bertobat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell199847_278-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell199847-278"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-279" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-279"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pelayanan Yohanes merupakan salah satu dari banyak gerakan pembaruan yang berupaya untuk memperkuat Yudaisme dalam menghadapi tekanan pengaruh Helenistik.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998144-147_280-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998144-147-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gerakan yang dilakukannya dipandang tidak biasa karena menentang kepemimpinan Yahudi, bukan pendudukan Romawi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998144-147_280-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998144-147-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia adalah orang pertama dari banyak nabi abad ke-1 yang membesarkan harapan akan campur tangan ilahi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998144-147_280-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998144-147-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yesus dianggap terinspirasi oleh Yohanes dan mengambil alih banyak elemen pengajarannya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998235_281-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998235-281"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun pengajaran Yesus lebih menekankan rahmat dan pengampunan daripada penghakiman.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998235_281-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998235-281"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pelayanan_di_Galilea">Pelayanan di Galilea</h4></div> <p>Sebagian besar akademisi berpendapat bahwa Yesus hidup di Galilea dan Yudea serta tidak berkhotbah atau belajar di tempat lain.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunn303_282-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunn303-282"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>275<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mereka sepakat bahwa Yesus berdebat dengan otoritas Yahudi mengenai subjek Allah, melakukan beberapa penyembuhan, mengajar dengan berbagai perumpamaan, dan mengumpulkan pengikut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20064_248-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine20064-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perumpamaan Yesus mengenai Kerajaan Allah menggunakan penggambaran orisinal dan mencolok, sebagai contoh, menyamakannya dengan sebuah biji sesawi atau ragi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mukjizat-mukjizat yang dilakukan Yesus sesuai dengan konteks sosial pada zaman itu, namun ia mendefinisikannya secara berbeda. Pertama, Yesus mengaitkannya dengan iman dari mereka yang disembuhkan. Kedua, ia menghubungkannya dengan nubuat akhir zaman.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998310_283-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998310-283"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>276<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penyembuhan-penyembuhan yang dilakukan Yesus telah lama dipandang benar secara harfiah dan terkadang dianggap sebagai penipuan, tetapi saat ini suatu pemahaman mengenai terapi <a href="/wiki/Psikosomatik" title="Psikosomatik">psikosomatik</a> mengarahkan lebih banyak orang untuk percaya bahwa penyembuhan iman adalah mungkin.<sup id="cite_ref-284" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Para kritikus Yahudi menganggap pelayanan Yesus dipenuhi skandal karena ia berpesta dengan orang-orang berdosa, bergaul akrab dengan kaum perempuan, dan mengizinkan para pengikutnya untuk memetik gandum pada hari Sabat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yesus adalah seorang <a href="/wiki/Eksorsisme" title="Eksorsisme">pengusir setan</a>, sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Graham_Twelftree" title="Graham Twelftree">Graham Twelftree</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitherington1997113_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitherington1997113-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kisah-kisah mengenai Yesus mengusir setan terdapat dalam tradisi-tradisi paling awal dan bukan penambahan oleh para penulis di kemudian hari.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitherington1997113_68-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitherington1997113-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998298_285-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998298-285"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Peranan">Peranan</h4></div> <p>Yesus mengajarkan bahwa seorang sosok apokaliptik, yaitu "Putra Manusia" ("Anak Manusia"), akan segera datang dalam awan-awan kemuliaan untuk mengumpulkan orang-orang yang terpilih, atau orang-orang pilihan (Markus 13:24-27, Matius 24:29-31, Lukas 21:25-28).<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica15022016_286-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica15022016-286"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia menyebut dirinya sendiri sebagai seorang "<a href="/wiki/Putra_manusia" title="Putra manusia">putra manusia</a>" dalam pengertian sehari-hari "seorang pribadi", tetapi para sejarawan tidak tahu apakah Yesus juga merujuk pada dirinya sendiri ketika ia menyebut "Putra Manusia" surgawi.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica15022016_286-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica15022016-286"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paulus dan kaum Kristen awal lainnya menafsirkan "Putra Manusia" sebagai Yesus yang telah bangkit.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica15022016_286-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica15022016-286"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gelar Kristus, atau Mesias, menunjukkan bahwa para pengikut Yesus meyakininya sebagai pewaris takhta Raja Daud yang diurapi, yang diharapkan beberapa kalangan Yahudi untuk menyelamatkan Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica15022016_286-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica15022016-286"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Injil merujuk Yesus bukan hanya sebagai seorang Mesias tetapi dalam bentuk mutlak sebagai "Mesias", atau dipersamakan dengan "Kristus".<sup id="cite_ref-ODCCMessiah_287-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCCMessiah-287"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam Yudaisme awal, bentuk mutlak gelar ini tidak ditemukan, tetapi hanya terdapat frasa seperti "Mesiasnya".<sup id="cite_ref-ODCCMessiah_287-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCCMessiah-287"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tradisi tersebut dianggap cukup ambigu sehingga memberikan ruang untuk perdebatan mengenai apakah Yesus mendefinisikan peran <a href="/wiki/Eskatologi" title="Eskatologi">eskatologisnya</a> sebagai Mesias yang dimaksud.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCCMessiah_287-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCCMessiah-287"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tradisi mesianik Yahudi meliputi berbagai bentuk yang berbeda, beberapa di antaranya berfokus pada seorang sosok Mesias dan yang lainnya tidak.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998533-540_288-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998533-540-288"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>281<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berdasarkan pada tradisi Kristen, Gerd Theissen melanjutkan dengan hipotesis bahwa Yesus melihat dirinya sendiri dalam hal-hal mesianik tetapi tidak mengklaim gelar "Mesias".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998533-540_288-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998533-540-288"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>281<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bart Ehrman berpendapat bahwa Yesus menganggap dirinya sebagai Mesias, walaupun dalam arti bahwa ia akan menjadi raja tatanan politik baru yang akan dimulai oleh Allah,<sup id="cite_ref-289" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-289"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>282<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bukan dalam pengertian yang dipegang oleh kebanyakan orang saat ini tentang istilah tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-290" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-290"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>283<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Penyaliban">Penyaliban</h4></div> <p>Sebagian besar akademisi menganggap penyaliban Yesus adalah faktual<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2003339_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003339-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> karena kaum Kristen awal tidak akan menciptakan kematian yang menyakitkan untuk pemimpin mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeier2006126–128_291-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeier2006126–128-291"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>284<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sangat mungkin bahwa para pemimpin keimaman besar Saduki dari Bait Allah menjadikan Yesus dieksekusi karena alasan-alasan politik daripada karena pengajarannya.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_Jesus_Christ_120-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC_Jesus_Christ-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mereka mungkin telah menganggap Yesus sebagai suatu ancaman terhadap stabilitas, terutama setelah ia menyebabkan suatu gangguan di Bait Allah.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_Jesus_Christ_120-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC_Jesus_Christ-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-292" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-292"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>285<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-293" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-293"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>286<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Faktor-faktor lain, sebagai contoh masuknya Yesus ke Yerusalem, mungkin juga berkontribusi terhadap keputusan ini.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders1993269-273_294-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders1993269-273-294"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>287<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pilatus kemungkinan besar melihat penyebutan Kerajaan Allah oleh Yesus sebagai suatu ancaman terhadap otoritas Romawi dan karenanya bekerja sama dengan para elite Bait Allah untuk mengeksekusi Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998465–466_295-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998465–466-295"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>288<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pasca_penyaliban">Pasca penyaliban</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:The_Resurrection_Beaufort_arms_in_border_(f._131)_Cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/The_Resurrection_Beaufort_arms_in_border_%28f._131%29_Cropped.jpg/170px-The_Resurrection_Beaufort_arms_in_border_%28f._131%29_Cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/The_Resurrection_Beaufort_arms_in_border_%28f._131%29_Cropped.jpg/255px-The_Resurrection_Beaufort_arms_in_border_%28f._131%29_Cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/The_Resurrection_Beaufort_arms_in_border_%28f._131%29_Cropped.jpg/340px-The_Resurrection_Beaufort_arms_in_border_%28f._131%29_Cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1894" data-file-height="2417" /></a><figcaption>Kebangkitan Kristus, salinan abad ke-16 dari <i>La Passion de Nostre Seigneur</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Setelah kematian Yesus, para pengikutnya mengatakan bahwa ia bangkit dari kematian, walaupun rincian yang tepat mengenai pengalaman mereka tidak jelas. Referensi tertulis yang paling awal mengenai <a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_Yesus" title="Kebangkitan Yesus">kebangkitan Yesus</a> adalah 1 Korintus 15, diperkirakan ditulis pada pertengahan tahun 50-an M.<sup id="cite_ref-296" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-296"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>289<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surat Paulus kepada jemaat di Roma dimulai dengan beberapa baris yang bercirikan sebagai suatu <a href="/wiki/Kredo" title="Kredo">kredo</a> pra-penulisan surat-surat Paulus.<sup id="cite_ref-Ehrman_2014_7_297-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ehrman_2014_7-297"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>290<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kalimat tersebut merujuk pada kebangkitan Yesus, dan pernyataan puitis ini mungkin berasal dari tahun 30-an.<sup id="cite_ref-Ehrman_2014_7_297-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ehrman_2014_7-297"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>290<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beberapa dari mereka yang mengklaim menyaksikan kebangkitan Yesus kemudian kematian-Nya karena keyakinan mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders1993_298-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders1993-298"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>291<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menurut <a href="/wiki/E._P._Sanders" title="E. P. Sanders">E. P. Sanders</a>, laporan-laporan Injil saling bertentangan sehingga, menurutnya, memberi kesan adanya persaingan di antara mereka yang mengklaim telah melihat Yesus untuk pertama kalinya sehingga bukan suatu penipuan yang disengaja.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders1993276-281_299-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders1993276-281-299"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>292<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di sisi lain, <a href="/w/index.php?title=L._Michael_White&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L. Michael White (halaman belum tersedia)">L. Michael White</a> mengemukakan bahwa inkonsistensi dalam Injil mencerminkan perbedaan-perbedaan dalam agenda para penulisnya.<sup id="cite_ref-White_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Para pengikut Yesus membentuk suatu komunitas untuk menantikan kembalinya dan pendirian kerajaannya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders199311_300-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders199311-300"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>293<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Potret_Yesus">Potret Yesus</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Yesus_sebagai_tokoh_dalam_sejarah" title="Yesus sebagai tokoh dalam sejarah">Yesus sebagai tokoh dalam sejarah</a></div> <p>Penelitian modern seputar Yesus historis belum menghasilkan suatu gambaran seragam mengenai Yesus sebagai figur historis, sebagian dikarenakan adanya beragam tradisi akademik yang direpresentasikan oleh para akademisi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenWinter20024–5_301-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenWinter20024–5-301"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>294<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mengingat kelangkaan sumber-sumber sejarah, umumnya masing-masing akademisi mengalami kesulitan untuk membangun suatu potret Yesus yang dapat dianggap valid secara historis selain daripada elemen-elemen dasar kehidupannya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009117–125_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009117–125-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman199922–23_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman199922–23-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Potret Yesus yang dibangun dalam pencarian-pencarian ini sering kali berbeda satu sama lain, dan dari gambaran yang terlukis dalam Injil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenWinter20025_302-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenWinter20025-302"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>295<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-303" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-303"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>296<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Keilmuan kontemporer, yang merepresentasikan "pencarian ketiga", menempatkan Yesus secara tegas dalam tradisi Yahudi. Para akademisi terkemuka dalam "pencarian ketiga" ini misalnya <a href="/wiki/E._P._Sanders" title="E. P. Sanders">E. P. Sanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geza_Vermes" class="mw-redirect" title="Geza Vermes">Geza Vermes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Theissen" title="Gerd Theissen">Gerd Theissen</a>, Christoph Burchard, dan <a href="/wiki/John_Dominic_Crossan" title="John Dominic Crossan">John Dominic Crossan</a>. Menurut E. P. Sanders, Yesus dipandang sebagai pendiri suatu "gerakan pembaruan dalam Yudaisme". Keilmuan ini mengisyaratkan suatu kesinambungan antara kehidupan Yesus sebagai figur karismatik yang berkelana dan gaya hidup yang sama diteruskan oleh para pengikutnya setelah kematiannya. Kriteria utama yang digunakan untuk membedakan detail historis dalam "pencarian ketiga" adalah kriteria kemasukakalan secara historis, relatif terhadap konteks Yahudi Yesus dan pengaruhnya pada Kekristenan. Ketidaksepakatan utama dalam penelitian kontemporer yaitu mengenai apokaliptik. Sebagian besar akademisi menyimpulkan bahwa Yesus adalah seorang pengkhotbah apokaliptik, sama seperti Yohanes Pembaptis dan Rasul Paulus. Sebaliknya, beberapa akademisi terkemuka Amerika Utara, seperti <a href="/wiki/Burton_L._Mack" title="Burton L. Mack">Burton L. Mack</a> dan John Dominic Crossan, mengadvokasi seorang Yesus yang non eskatologis, seseorang yang lebih menyerupai seorang bijak yang <a href="/wiki/Sinisme" title="Sinisme">Sinis</a> daripada seorang pengkhotbah apokaliptik.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz19981–15_304-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz19981–15-304"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>297<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selain menggambarkan Yesus sebagai seorang <a href="/wiki/Apokaliptisisme" title="Apokaliptisisme">nabi apokaliptik</a>, seorang penyembuh yang karismatik atau seorang <a href="/wiki/Sinisisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinisisme">filsuf sinis</a>, beberapa akademisi menggambarkan Yesus sebagai Mesias sejati atau seorang nabi perubahan sosial yang egaliter.<sup id="cite_ref-CambHist23_305-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CambHist23-305"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>298<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009124–125_306-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009124–125-306"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>299<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, atribut-atribut yang dideskripsikan dalam potret-potret tersebut terkadang tumpang tindih, dan para akademisi yang berbeda pendapat dalam beberapa atribut terkadang sependapat dalam yang lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-307" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-307"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>300<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sejak abad ke-18, para akademisi kadang-kadang mengemukakan bahwa Yesus adalah seorang mesias nasional yang politis, tetapi bukti atas potret ini dipandang tidak signifikan.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_Jesus_Christ_120-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC_Jesus_Christ-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demikian pula, pengemukaan bahwa Yesus adalah seorang <a href="/wiki/Zelot" title="Zelot">Zelot</a> tidak sesuai dengan strata tradisi Injil Sinoptik yang paling awal.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_Jesus_Christ_120-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC_Jesus_Christ-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bahasa,_etnis,_dan_penampilan"><span id="Bahasa.2C_etnis.2C_dan_penampilan"></span>Bahasa, etnis, dan penampilan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram_Yesus" title="Bahasa Aram Yesus">Bahasa Aram Yesus</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ras_dan_penampilan_Yesus" title="Ras dan penampilan Yesus">Ras dan penampilan Yesus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:CompositeJesus.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/CompositeJesus.JPG/250px-CompositeJesus.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/CompositeJesus.JPG/255px-CompositeJesus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/CompositeJesus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption>Representasi etnis Yesus telah dipengaruhi oleh berbagai lingkungan budaya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoulden200663–99_308-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoulden200663–99-308"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>301<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Erricker44_309-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erricker44-309"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>302<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Yesus dibesarkan di Galilea dan banyak dari pelayanannya dilakukan di sana.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenMcKnightMarshall1992442_310-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenMcKnightMarshall1992442-310"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>303<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bahasa yang digunakan di Galilea dan Yudea selama abad pertama Masehi meliputi <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram_Palestina_Yahudi" title="Bahasa Aram Palestina Yahudi">bahasa Aram Palestina Yahudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani" title="Bahasa Ibrani">Ibrani</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani_Koine" title="Bahasa Yunani Koine">Yunani Koine</a>, dengan didominasi bahasa Aram.<sup id="cite_ref-BarrLang_311-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BarrLang-311"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>304<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Porter110_312-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porter110-312"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>305<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terdapat konsensus kuat bahwa Yesus menyampaikan sebagian besar ajarannya dalam bahasa Aram.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2003313–315_313-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003313–315-313"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>306<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebagian besar akademisi modern bersepakat bahwa Yesus adalah seorang <a href="/wiki/Yahudi" class="mw-disambig" title="Yahudi">Yahudi</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a> abad pertama,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman199996_314-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman199996-314"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>307<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Celebrating_sacraments_315-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Celebrating_sacraments-315"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>308<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_religious_world_of_Jesus:_an_introduction_to_Second_Temple_Palestinian_Judaism_316-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_religious_world_of_Jesus:_an_introduction_to_Second_Temple_Palestinian_Judaism-316"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>309<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Ioudaios" title="Ioudaios">Ioudaios</a></i> dalam bahasa Yunani Perjanjian Baru<sup id="cite_ref-318" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-318"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adalah sebuah istilah yang dalam konteks saat itu dapat merujuk pada agama (<a href="/wiki/Yudaisme_Bait_Kedua" class="mw-redirect" title="Yudaisme Bait Kedua">Yudaisme Bait Kedua</a>), etnis (dari <a href="/wiki/Yudea" title="Yudea">Yudea</a>), atau keduanya.<sup id="cite_ref-319" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-319"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>311<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam sebuah tinjauan mengenai status keilmuan modern, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amy-Jill_Levine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amy-Jill Levine (halaman belum tersedia)">Amy-Jill Levine</a> menuliskan bahwa keseluruhan pertanyaan tentang etnis adalah "penuh dengan kesulitan", dan "melampaui pengakuan bahwa 'Yesus adalah Yahudi', jarang terjadi keilmuan membahas apa artinya menjadi 'Yahudi'".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine200610_320-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine200610-320"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>312<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perjanjian Baru tidak memberikan uraian terkait penampilan fisik Yesus sebelum kematiannya—secara umum tidak memedulikan penampilan rasial dan tidak menyinggung ciri-ciri dari orang yang disebutkannya.<sup id="cite_ref-321" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-321"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>313<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Perkinson30_322-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perkinson30-322"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>314<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kidd48_323-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kidd48-323"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>315<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yesus mungkin tampak seperti seorang Yahudi tipikal pada zamannya dan menurut beberapa akademisi cenderung memiliki penampilan kekar karena <a href="/wiki/Ketunawismaan_Yesus" title="Ketunawismaan Yesus">gaya hidupnya yang asketis dan senantiasa mengembara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-324" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-324"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>316<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teori_mitos_Kristus">Teori mitos Kristus</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Teori_mitos_Yesus" title="Teori mitos Yesus">Teori mitos Yesus</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Teori_mitos_Yesus" title="Teori mitos Yesus">Teori mitos Kristus</a> adalah hipotesis bahwa Yesus dari Nazaret tidak pernah ada; atau seandainya pun Yesus ada, ia tidak ada kaitannya dengan <a href="/wiki/Kekristenan" title="Kekristenan">Kekristenan</a> dan laporan-laporan dalam <a href="/wiki/Injil" title="Injil">Injil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-325" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-325"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>317<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Bauer" title="Bruno Bauer">Bruno Bauer</a> (1809–1882) mengemukakan bahwa Injil pertama adalah sebuah karya sastra yang menghasilkan sejarah, bukan mendeskripsikannya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199890_326-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199890-326"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>318<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menurut <a href="/wiki/Albert_Kalthoff" title="Albert Kalthoff">Albert Kalthoff</a> (1850–1906), suatu gerakan sosial menghasilkan Yesus ketika berhadapan dengan harapan-harapan mesianis Yahudi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199890_326-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199890-326"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>318<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Drews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Drews (halaman belum tersedia)">Arthur Drews</a> (1865–1935) melihat Yesus sebagai bentuk konkret dari suatu mitos yang telah ada sebelum Kekristenan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199890_326-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199890-326"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>318<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terlepas dari argumen-argumen yang dikemukakan oleh para penulis yang mempertanyakan keberadaan seorang <a href="/wiki/Yesus_sebagai_tokoh_dalam_sejarah" title="Yesus sebagai tokoh dalam sejarah">Yesus historis</a>, tetap ada suatu konsensus kuat dalam <a href="/wiki/Kritik_sejarah_(Alkitab)" title="Kritik sejarah (Alkitab)">keilmuan biblika kritis-historis</a> bahwa seorang Yesus historis memang pernah hidup di daerah itu dan dalam periode waktu tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-DunnPaul35_327-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DunnPaul35-327"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>319<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Then'_2004_page_34_328-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Then'_2004_page_34-328"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>320<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jesus'_page_200_329-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jesus'_page_200-329"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>321<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jesus'_page_145_330-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jesus'_page_145-330"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>322<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-voorst16_331-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-voorst16-331"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>323<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-332" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-332"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>324<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-333" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-333"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>325<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pandangan">Pandangan</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perspektif_keagamaan_tentang_Yesus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perspektif keagamaan tentang Yesus (halaman belum tersedia)">Perspektif keagamaan tentang Yesus</a></div> <p>Terlepas dari para murid dan pengikut Yesus, orang-orang Yahudi pada zaman tersebut umumnya menolak Yesus sebagai Mesias, sebagaimana juga sebagian besar orang Yahudi masa kini. Para teolog Kristen, <a href="/wiki/Konsili_ekumenis" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsili ekumenis">konsili ekumenis</a>, dan kalangan lainnya telah banyak menghasilkan tulisan ekstensif mengenai Yesus selama berabad-abad. Berbagai <a href="/wiki/Denominasi_Kristen" title="Denominasi Kristen">aliran</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Skisma#Kekristenan" title="Skisma">skisma</a> Kristen sering kali didefinisikan atau dicirikan melalui deskripsi mereka tentang Yesus. Sementara kalangan <a href="/wiki/Maniisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Maniisme">Manikean</a>, Gnostik, Muslim, Baha'i, dan lainnya memberikan tempat penting bagi Yesus di dalam agama mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-334" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-334"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>326<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-335" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-335"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>327<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-336" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-336"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>328<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yesus juga memiliki para pencela atau pengkritik, baik dahulu maupun sekarang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kristen">Kristen</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pandangan_Kristen_tentang_Yesus" title="Pandangan Kristen tentang Yesus">Pandangan Kristen tentang Yesus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristus" title="Kristus">Kristus</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kristologi" title="Kristologi">Kristologi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Shield-Trinity-Scutum-Fidei-English.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Shield-Trinity-Scutum-Fidei-English.svg/220px-Shield-Trinity-Scutum-Fidei-English.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Shield-Trinity-Scutum-Fidei-English.svg/330px-Shield-Trinity-Scutum-Fidei-English.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Shield-Trinity-Scutum-Fidei-English.svg/440px-Shield-Trinity-Scutum-Fidei-English.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trinitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinitas">Trinitas</a> adalah keyakinan dalam Kekristenan bahwa Allah adalah satu Allah dalam tiga pribadi: <a href="/wiki/Allah_Bapa" title="Allah Bapa">Allah Bapa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allah_Putra" class="mw-redirect" title="Allah Putra">Allah Putra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pandangan_Kristen_tentang_Yesus" title="Pandangan Kristen tentang Yesus">Yesus</a>), dan <a href="/wiki/Roh_Kudus_(Kekristenan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roh Kudus (Kekristenan)">Allah Roh Kudus</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Christ_with_beard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Christ_with_beard.jpg/220px-Christ_with_beard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Christ_with_beard.jpg/330px-Christ_with_beard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Christ_with_beard.jpg/440px-Christ_with_beard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption>Yesus digambarkan dengan huruf-huruf <a href="/wiki/Alfa_dan_Omega" title="Alfa dan Omega">Alfa dan Omega</a> di dalam katakomba Roma dari abad ke-4.</figcaption></figure> <p>Yesus adalah figur utama dalam Kekristenan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGrath20064–6_337-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGrath20064–6-337"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>329<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pandangan-pandangan Kristen tentang Yesus bervariasi, namun dimungkinkan untuk meringkas keyakinan-keyakinan kunci yang dipegang oleh denominasi-denominasi besar, sebagaimana dinyatakan dalam teks-teks pengakuan iman atau <a href="/wiki/Katekismus" title="Katekismus">katekismus</a> mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-338" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-338"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>330<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-339" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-339"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>331<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-340" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-340"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>332<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pandangan-pandangan Kristen tentang Yesus berasal dari berbagai sumber, termasuk Injil kanonik dan surat-surat Perjanjian Baru seperti surat-surat Paulus dan <a href="/wiki/Sastra_Yohanes" title="Sastra Yohanes">tulisan-tulisan Yohanes</a>. Semua dokumen ini menguraikan keyakinan-keyakinan kunci yang dipegang oleh umat Kristen mengenai Yesus, termasuk kehidupan duniawi, kemanusiaan, dan keilahian-Nya, dan bahwa Ia adalah Kristus dan Putra Allah.<sup id="cite_ref-341" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-341"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>333<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kendati banyak keyakinan bersama di antara mereka, tidak semua <a href="/wiki/Denominasi_Kristen" title="Denominasi Kristen">denominasi Kristen</a> sependapat atas semua doktrin; terdapat <a href="/wiki/Skisma_Timur%E2%80%93Barat" title="Skisma Timur–Barat">perbedaan-perbedaan besar maupun kecil</a> seputar ajaran-ajaran dan keyakinan-keyakinan tersebut sepanjang sejarah Kekristenan selama berabad-abad.<sup id="cite_ref-342" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-342"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>334<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perjanjian Baru menyatakan bahwa kebangkitan Yesus adalah dasar dari iman Kristen (1 Korintus 15:12–20).<sup id="cite_ref-343" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-343"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>335<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Umat Kristen percaya bahwa melalui kematian-Nya <a href="/wiki/Kurban#Kekristenan" title="Kurban">sebagai kurban</a> dan kebangkitan-Nya, manusia dapat didamaikan dengan Allah serta karenanya ditawarkan <a href="/wiki/Keselamatan_(Kristen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keselamatan (Kristen)">keselamatan</a> dan janji akan <a href="/wiki/Kehidupan_kekal_(Kekristenan)" title="Kehidupan kekal (Kekristenan)">kehidupan kekal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_344-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Companion-344"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>336<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mengingat perkataan Yohanes Pembaptis pada hari setelah pembaptisan Yesus, doktrin-doktrin ini terkadang menyebut Yesus sebagai Anak Domba Allah, yang disalibkan untuk memenuhi peran-Nya sebagai pelayan atau hamba Allah.<sup id="cite_ref-345" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-345"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>337<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-346" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-346"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>338<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dengan demikian Yesus dilihat sebagai <a href="/wiki/Adam_yang_akhir" title="Adam yang akhir">Adam baru dan terakhir</a>, yang ketaatan-Nya bertolak belakang dengan <a href="/wiki/Kejatuhan_manusia" title="Kejatuhan manusia">ketidaktaatan Adam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-347" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-347"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>339<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Umat Kristen memandang Yesus sebagai seorang panutan, umat beriman Kristiani yang berfokus pada Allah diminta untuk meniru-Nya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGrath20064–6_337-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGrath20064–6-337"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>329<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kebanyakan kalangan Kristen percaya bahwa Yesus adalah manusia sekaligus Putra Allah. Terdapat <a href="/wiki/Kristologi#Kontroversi_pasca-Apostolik" title="Kristologi">perdebatan teologis</a> terkait kodrat Yesus,<sup id="cite_ref-348" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-348"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beberapa kalangan Kristen awal memandang Yesus sebagai subordinat Bapa, dan kalangan lainnya memandang Yesus lebih sebagai salah satu aspek dari Bapa daripada pribadi yang berbeda.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_30-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_349-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-349"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>340<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gereja menyelesaikan isu-isu tersebut dalam konsili-konsili kuno, yang menetapkan Tritunggal Mahakudus, dengan pengakuan bahwa Yesus adalah sepenuhnya manusia sekaligus sepenuhnya Allah.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_30-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kalangan Kristen <a href="/wiki/Tritunggal" title="Tritunggal">Trinitarian</a> pada umumnya meyakini bahwa Yesus adalah <a href="/wiki/Logos_(Kekristenan)" title="Logos (Kekristenan)">Logos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inkarnasi_(Kekristenan)" title="Inkarnasi (Kekristenan)">penjelmaan Allah</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Allah_Putra" class="mw-redirect" title="Allah Putra">Allah Putra</a>, yang sepenuhnya ilahi sekaligus sepenuhnya manusia. Namun, doktrin Tritunggal atau Trinitas <a href="/wiki/Anti-Tritunggal" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Tritunggal">tidak diterima secara universal</a> dalam semua kalangan Kristen.<sup id="cite_ref-350" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-350"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>341<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-351" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-351"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>342<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seiring dengan Reformasi Protestan, kalangan Kristen seperti <a href="/wiki/Michael_Servetus" title="Michael Servetus">Michael Servetus</a> dan kaum <a href="/wiki/Socinianisme" title="Socinianisme">Socinian</a> mulai mempertanyakan pengakuan-pengakuan iman kuno yang menetapkan dua kodrat Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_30-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kelompok Kristen nontrinitarian meliputi <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Yesus_Kristus_dari_Orang-orang_Suci_Zaman_Akhir" title="Gereja Yesus Kristus dari Orang-orang Suci Zaman Akhir">Gereja Yesus Kristus dari Orang-orang Suci Zaman Akhir</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-352" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-352"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>343<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Unitarianisme" title="Unitarianisme">Unitarian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_349-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-349"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>340<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan <a href="/wiki/Saksi-Saksi_Yehuwa" title="Saksi-Saksi Yehuwa">Saksi-Saksi Yehuwa</a>. </p><p>Umat Kristen tidak hanya menjunjung tinggi figur Yesus, tetapi juga Nama-Nya. Devosi kepada <a href="/wiki/Nama_Yesus_Yang_Tersuci" title="Nama Yesus Yang Tersuci">Nama Yesus Yang Tersuci</a> dapat ditelusuri kembali ke masa awal Kekristenan.<sup id="cite_ref-353" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-353"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>344<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoulden2006426_354-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoulden2006426-354"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>345<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Devosi dan perayaan ini terdapat dalam <a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_Timur" title="Kekristenan Timur">Kekristenan Timur</a> maupun <a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_Barat" title="Kekristenan Barat">Barat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoulden2006426_354-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoulden2006426-354"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>345<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada abad ke-20, kelompok-kelompok Protestan menjadi terbagi-bagi secara nyata dalam hal seberapa jauh mereka mendukung penelitian kritis dan historis terkait pribadi Yesus. Denominasi-denominasi Protestan mengizinkan sejumlah penyelidikan tersebut tetapi berbeda dalam hal seberapa jauh penyelidikan tersebut dapat dilakukan. <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma">Gereja Katolik Roma</a> memberikan batasan-batasan yang jelas, dan para akademisi Katolik telah terlibat dalam studi kritis yang cukup signifikan di dalam batasan-batasan tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_30-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yahudi">Yahudi</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pandangan_Yahudi_tentang_Yesus" title="Pandangan Yahudi tentang Yesus">Pandangan Yahudi tentang Yesus</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yesus_dalam_Talmud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yesus dalam Talmud (halaman belum tersedia)">Yesus dalam Talmud</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Yudaisme" title="Yudaisme">Yudaisme</a> arus utama menolak gagasan bahwa Yesus adalah Allah, atau seorang perantara dengan Allah, ataupun bagian dari Trinitas.<sup id="cite_ref-355" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-355"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>346<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mereka berkeyakinan bahwa Yesus bukanlah <a href="/wiki/Mesias_dalam_Yudaisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesias dalam Yudaisme">Mesias</a>, dengan alasan bahwa Yesus tidak memenuhi <a href="/wiki/Mesias" title="Mesias">nubuat Mesianik</a> yang tertulis di dalam <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a> dan juga tidak memenuhi kualifikasi personal Mesias.<sup id="cite_ref-356" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-356"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>347<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menurut tradisi Yahudi, tidak ada nabi lagi setelah <a href="/wiki/Maleakhi" title="Maleakhi">Maleakhi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-357" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-357"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>348<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang menyampaikan nubuat-nubuatnya pada abad ke-5 SM.<sup id="cite_ref-358" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-358"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>349<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kritik Yahudi seputar Yesus telah ada sejak dahulu. Talmud, yang ditulis dan disusun dari abad ke-3 hingga ke-5 M,<sup id="cite_ref-359" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-359"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>350<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> memuat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yesus_dalam_Talmud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yesus dalam Talmud (halaman belum tersedia)">kisah-kisah</a> yang sejak abad pertengahan telah dianggap sebagai laporan-laporan yang memfitnah Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-360" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-360"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>351<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mayoritas sejarawan masa kini menganggap materi ini tidak memberikan satu pun informasi mengenai Yesus historis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199874–75_361-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199874–75-361"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>352<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a></i>, suatu karya <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">hukum Yahudi</a> dari abad ke-12 yang ditulis oleh <a href="/wiki/Moshe_ben_Maimon" title="Moshe ben Maimon">Moshe ben Maimon</a>, menyatakan bahwa Yesus adalah suatu "batu sandungan" yang membuat "mayoritas dunia ini berbuat salah dan melayani seorang Allah selain Tuhan".<sup id="cite_ref-362" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-362"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>353<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Isa" title="Isa">Isa</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Jesus_Name_in_Arabic.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Jesus_Name_in_Arabic.gif" decoding="async" width="214" height="208" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="208" /></a><figcaption>Nama <i>Yesus putra Maria</i> ditulis dalam <a href="/wiki/Kaligrafi_Islam" title="Kaligrafi Islam">kaligrafi Islam</a> diikuti dengan <a href="/wiki/Damai_besertamu" class="mw-redirect" title="Damai besertamu">Damai besertamu</a> memakai gaya <a href="/wiki/Tsuluts" title="Tsuluts">kaligrafi Tsuluts</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Sebagai salah satu figur penting dalam Islam, Yesus (umumnya ditransliterasi sebagai <i><a href="/wiki/Isa" title="Isa">ʾĪsā</a></i>) dipandang sebagai salah seorang <a href="/wiki/Nabi_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabi Islam">utusan</a> <a href="/wiki/Tuhan_dalam_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuhan dalam Islam">Tuhan</a> (<i>Rasul Allāh</i>) dan Mesias (<i><a href="/wiki/Al-Masih" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Masih">al-Masih</a></i>) yang diutus untuk membimbing <a href="/wiki/Suku_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Suku Israel">kaum Israel</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Bani_Israil" title="Bani Israil">Banī Isrāʾīl</a></i>) dengan suatu <a href="/wiki/Syariat" class="mw-redirect" title="Syariat">syariat</a> berupa kitab suci baru, yaitu <i><a href="/wiki/Injil_dalam_Islam" title="Injil dalam Islam">Injil</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-CEI_363-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEI-363"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>354<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-364" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-364"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>355<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebagaimana kitab-kitab Tuhan yang lain, Muslim menganggap kitab-kitab injil dalam Perjanjian Baru tidak autentik, serta meyakini bahwa sebagian pesan asli Yesus <a href="/wiki/Tahrif" title="Tahrif">telah diubah atau hilang</a> dan bahwa <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> didatangkan kemudian untuk memulihkannya.<sup id="cite_ref-365" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-365"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>356<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meyakini kenabian Yesus (dan semua <a href="/wiki/Nabi_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabi Islam">utusan Allah</a> yang lain) adalah salah satu syarat untuk menjadi seorang <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-366" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-366"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>357<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pandangan_Islam_tentang_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandangan Islam tentang Yesus">Al-Qur'an menyebutkan nama Yesus</a> sebanyak 25 kali—lebih sering daripada Muhammad<sup id="cite_ref-367" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-367"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>358<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-368" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-368"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>359<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>— dan menekankan bahwa Yesus adalah seorang manusia fana yang, sebagaimana semua nabi lainnya, telah dipilih secara ilahiah untuk menyebarluaskan wahyu dari Tuhan.<sup id="cite_ref-comparative_369-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comparative-369"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>360<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Qur'an mengakui <a href="/wiki/Kelahiran_Yesus_dari_perawan" title="Kelahiran Yesus dari perawan">kelahiran Yesus dari perawan</a>, namun Yesus tidak dianggap sebagai penjelmaan Allah ataupun putra Allah. Teks-teks keislaman menekankan <a href="/wiki/Monoteisme" title="Monoteisme">monoteisme</a> ketat (<i><a href="/wiki/Tauhid" title="Tauhid">Tauḥīd</a></i>) dan melarang keyakinan adanya sekutu bagi Tuhan, praktik pemberhalaan, atau menyederajatkan Tuhan dengan ciptaannya, yang dalam doktrin Islam disebut <i><a href="/wiki/Syirik" title="Syirik">Syirik</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-370" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-370"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>361<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/19?startingVerse=30">19:30-34</a> dan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/19?startingVerse=30">19:30-34</a>) menyatakan bahwa Yesus sendiri tidak pernah mengklaim ketuhanan atau keilahian melainkan Kerasulan (seorang Utusan) yang menyembah kepada Tuhan,<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan_371-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan-371"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>362<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan mengestimasi bahwa saat <a href="/wiki/Yaumul_Qiyamah" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaumul Qiyamah">Pengadilan Terakhir</a>, Yesus akan menyangkal pernah membuat klaim ketuhanan seperti itu (<a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/5?startingVerse=116">5:116</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-372" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-372"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>363<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yesus dianggap sebagai seorang Muslim yang beriman pada kepercayaan (<i><a href="/wiki/Tauhid" title="Tauhid">Tauḥīd</a></i>) yang sama dengan <a href="/wiki/Nabi_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabi Islam">Nabi-nabi lainnya</a> namun dengan ketentuan kebijakan Tuhan (<i><a href="/wiki/Syariat" class="mw-redirect" title="Syariat">Syarīʿat</a></i>) yang berbeda.<sup id="cite_ref-373" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-373"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>364<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-Qur'an <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/19?startingVerse=17">19:17</a> menguraikan kisah yang menyebutkan seorang roh malaikat (Jibril) yang menyamar dengan wujud manusia sempurna memberikan kabar gembira kepada Maria (<a href="/wiki/Maryam" title="Maryam">Maryam</a>) bahwa ia akan melahirkan Yesus sementara ia tetap seorang perawan. Kelahiran dari perawan disebut sebagai suatu mukjizat yang terjadi karena kehendak Tuhan.<sup id="cite_ref-RobB32_374-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RobB32-374"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>365<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Peters23_375-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peters23-375"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>366<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Qur'an (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/21?startingVerse=91">21:91</a> dan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/66?startingVerse=12">66:12</a>) menyatakan bahwa Allah mengutus <a href="/wiki/Roh_Kudus_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roh Kudus (Islam)">Roh Kudus (Jibril)</a> untuk meniupkan roh ke Maria sementara ia tetap suci.<sup id="cite_ref-376" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-376"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>367<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yesus disebut disempurnakan dengan "Roh ciptaan Allah" melalui perbuatan dari Roh Kudus,<sup id="cite_ref-cite_quran|32|9|style=_377-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cite_quran|32|9|style=-377"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>368<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RobB32_374-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RobB32-374"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>365<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tetapi keyakinan tersebut tidak diartikan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Pra-keberadaan_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pra-keberadaan Yesus">pra eksistensinya</a><sup id="cite_ref-378" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-378"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>369<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sebagaimana konsep Islam tentang jiwa (<i><a href="/wiki/Roh_(Islam)" title="Roh (Islam)">Rūḥ</a></i>) atas setiap makhluk hidup di pra kelahiran.<sup id="cite_ref-379" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-379"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>370<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Untuk mendukung pelayanannya kepada orang-orang Yahudi, Yesus diberikan kemampuan untuk melakukan <a href="/wiki/Mukjizat" title="Mukjizat">mukjizat</a> dengan izin Tuhan dan bukan dengan kuasanya sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan_371-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan-371"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>362<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Melalui pelayanannya, Yesus dipandang sebagai seorang <a href="/wiki/Pendahulu_(agama)" title="Pendahulu (agama)">pendahulu</a> Muhammad berdasarkan masa kelahiran.<sup id="cite_ref-comparative_369-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comparative-369"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>360<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menurut Al-Qur'an, Yesus diselamatkan Tuhan dari hukuman penyaliban dan seseorang yang diserupakan dengannya menggantikannya di salib,<sup id="cite_ref-380" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-380"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>371<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-381" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-381"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>372<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sementara Allah mengangkat Yesus ke sisinya berdasarkan redaksi Al-Qur'an <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/3?startingVerse=55">3:55</a><sup id="cite_ref-382" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-382"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>373<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Para ulama berbeda pendapat sebagian menganggap Yesus diangkat secara jasmani, secara rohani dan sebagian lagi menganggap secara majasi berupa diangkatkannya status kemuliaannya.<sup id="cite_ref-cite_quran|4|157|style=ref_383-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cite_quran|4|157|style=ref-383"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>374<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bagi Muslim, kenaikan tersebut juga merupakan suatu peristiwa besar dalam kehidupan Yesus selain penyaliban.<sup id="cite_ref-Khalidi_384-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalidi-384"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>375<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muslim meyakini bahwa Yesus akan kembali ke bumi pada <a href="/wiki/Akhir_zaman#Islam" title="Akhir zaman">akhir zaman</a> mendampingi <a href="/wiki/Imam_Mahdi" title="Imam Mahdi">Imam Mahdi</a> membunuh <a href="/wiki/Antikristus" title="Antikristus">Antikristus</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Dajal" class="mw-redirect" title="Dajal">ad-Dajjal</a></i>) di kota <a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lod</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-CEI_363-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEI-363"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>354<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-385" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-385"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>376<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muslim <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadiyah">Ahmadiyah</a> memiliki beberapa <a href="/wiki/Yesus_dalam_Ahmadiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Yesus dalam Ahmadiyyah">pandangan berbeda</a> mengenai Yesus. Kaum Ahmadi meyakini bahwa Yesus adalah seorang manusia fana yang selamat dari penyalibannya dan meninggal dunia secara wajar pada usia 120 tahun di <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>, India dan dikuburkan di <a href="/wiki/Roza_Bal" title="Roza Bal">Roza Bal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Melton55_386-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melton55-386"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>377<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bahá'í"><span id="Bah.C3.A1.27.C3.AD"></span>Bahá'í</h3></div> <p>Ajaran-ajaran <a href="/wiki/Baha%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Baha'i">Baha'i</a> memandang Yesus sebagai <a href="/wiki/Manifestasi_Allah" title="Manifestasi Allah">manifestasi Allah</a>, suatu konsep Bahá'í tentang para nabi<sup id="cite_ref-stockman_387-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stockman-387"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>378<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—perantara antara Allah dengan manusia, berfungsi sebagai utusan serta mencerminkan kualitas dan sifat Allah.<sup id="cite_ref-manifestation_388-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manifestation-388"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>379<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Konsep Bahá'í menekankan kualitas-kualitas bersama kemanusiaan dan keilahian;<sup id="cite_ref-manifestation_388-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manifestation-388"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>379<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> karena itu mirip dengan konsep Kristen mengenai penjelmaan (inkarnasi).<sup id="cite_ref-stockman_387-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stockman-387"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>378<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pemikiran Bahá'í menerima Yesus sebagai Putra Allah.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith-jesus_389-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-jesus-389"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>380<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam pemikiran Bahá'í, Yesus adalah penjelmaan sempurna dari sifat-sifat Allah, tetapi ajaran-ajaran Bahá'í menolak gagasan bahwa "esensi yang tak terlukiskan" dari Keilahian terkandung di dalam suatu tubuh tunggal manusia karena keyakinan-keyakinan mereka berkenaan "<a href="/wiki/Omnipresen" class="mw-redirect" title="Omnipresen">kemahahadiran</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Transendensi_(agama)#Bahá'í" class="mw-redirect" title="Transendensi (agama)">transendensi</a> esensi Allah".<sup id="cite_ref-stockman_387-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stockman-387"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>378<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Bahá'u'lláh">Bahá'u'lláh</a>, pendiri Kepercayaan Bahá'í, menuliskan bahwa karena setiap perwujudan atau manifestasi Allah memiliki sifat-sifat ilahi yang sama maka dapat dipandang sebagai "kembalinya" secara rohani semua manifestasi Allah yang sebelumnya, dan timbulnya setiap manifestasi baru Allah meresmikan suatu agama yang menggantikan agama sebelumnya. Konsep tersebut dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Wahyu_progresif_(Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD)" title="Wahyu progresif (Bahá'í)">wahyu progresif</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-manifestation_388-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manifestation-388"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>379<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaum Bahá'í meyakini bahwa rencana Allah terungkap secara bertahap melalui proses ini seiring dengan kematangan umat manusia, dan bahwa beberapa manifestasi sampai pada pemenuhan spesifik dari misi-misi yang sebelumnya. Dengan demikian, kaum Bahá'í meyakini bahwa Bahá'u'lláh adalah kembalinya Kristus sebagaimana dijanjikannya.<sup id="cite_ref-psmith128_390-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psmith128-390"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>381<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ajaran-ajaran Bahá'í mengonfirmasi banyak aspek mengenai Yesus, namun tidak semua, seperti yang digambarkan dalam kitab-kitab injil. Kaum Bahá'í percaya akan kelahiran dari perawan dan Penyaliban,<sup id="cite_ref-Lepart118_391-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lepart118-391"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>382<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cole_392-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cole-392"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>383<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tetapi melihat Kebangkitan dan mukjizat-mukjizat Yesus sebagai hal simbolis.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith-jesus_389-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-jesus-389"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>380<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cole_392-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cole-392"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>383<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lain-lain">Lain-lain</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Kritik_tentang_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kritik tentang Yesus">Kritik tentang Yesus</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Jesus_Image_on_a_Manichaean_Temple_Banner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Jesus_Image_on_a_Manichaean_Temple_Banner.jpg/250px-Jesus_Image_on_a_Manichaean_Temple_Banner.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Jesus_Image_on_a_Manichaean_Temple_Banner.jpg/330px-Jesus_Image_on_a_Manichaean_Temple_Banner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Jesus_Image_on_a_Manichaean_Temple_Banner.jpg/500px-Jesus_Image_on_a_Manichaean_Temple_Banner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1146" data-file-height="1176" /></a><figcaption>Gambar Yesus bertakhta pada sebuah panji kuil <a href="/wiki/Maniisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Maniisme">Manikean</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Qocho" class="mw-redirect" title="Qocho">Qocho</a> pada sekitar abad ke-10.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Gnostisisme" title="Gnostisisme">Gnostisisme</a> Kristen (sekarang merupakan gerakan keagamaan yang telah hampir punah),<sup id="cite_ref-393" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-393"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>384<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yesus diutus dari alam ilahi dan memberikan pengetahuan rahasia (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnosis (halaman belum tersedia)">gnosis</a>) yang diperlukan untuk keselamatan. Sebagian besar kaum Gnostik percaya bahwa Yesus adalah seorang manusia yang dirasuki oleh roh "Kristus" pada saat pembaptisannya. Roh tersebut meninggalkan tubuh Yesus pada saat penyaliban, namun bergabung dengannya lagi ketika ia dibangkitkan dari kematian. Namun beberapa kaum Gnostik merupakan <a href="/wiki/Doketisme" title="Doketisme">doketis</a> yang mempercayai bahwa Yesus tidak memiliki tubuh jasmani, tetapi hanya tampak seolah-olah memilikinya.<sup id="cite_ref-394" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-394"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>385<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maniisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Maniisme">Manikeisme</a>, salah satu sekte Gnostik, menganggap Yesus sebagai seorang nabi, di samping mengagumi <a href="/wiki/Buddha_Gautama" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha Gautama">Buddha Gautama</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Zoroaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroaster">Zoroaster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-395" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-395"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>386<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-396" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-396"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>387<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beberapa penganut <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> menganggap Yesus sebagai <a href="/wiki/Awatara" title="Awatara">awatara</a> atau seorang <a href="/wiki/Sadhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadhu">sadhu</a> serta menekankan kemiripan antara ajaran-ajaran <a href="/wiki/Kresna" title="Kresna">Kresna</a> dan Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-397" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-397"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>388<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-398" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-398"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>389<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Paramahansa Yogananda</a>, seorang <a href="/wiki/Guru_(agama_dharma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guru (agama dharma)">guru</a> India, mengajarkan bahwa Yesus adalah reinkarnasi dari <a href="/wiki/Elisa" title="Elisa">Elisa</a> dan seorang murid dari <a href="/wiki/Yohanes_Pembaptis" title="Yohanes Pembaptis">Yohanes Pembaptis</a>, reinkarnasi dari <a href="/wiki/Elia" title="Elia">Elia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-399" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-399"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>390<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beberapa kaum <a href="/wiki/Buddhis" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhis">Buddhis</a>, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Tenzin_Gyatso,_Dalai_Lama_ke-14" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenzin Gyatso, Dalai Lama ke-14">Tenzin Gyatso, Dalai Lama ke-14</a>, memandang Yesus sebagai seorang <a href="/wiki/Bodisatwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodisatwa">bodisatwa</a> yang mendedikasikan hidupnya untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat.<sup id="cite_ref-400" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-400"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>391<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Para penganut agama <a href="/wiki/Cao_%C4%90%C3%A0i" class="mw-redirect" title="Cao Đài">Cao Đài</a> memuja Yesus sebagai seorang pengajar agama besar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanet20123_401-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanet20123-401"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>392<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia disingkapkan pada saat komunikasi dengan Sosok-Sosok Ilahi sebagai roh dari Sosok Tertinggi mereka (Allah Bapa) bersama dengan pengajar dan pendiri agama besar lainnya seperti Buddha Gautama, <a href="/wiki/Laozi" class="mw-redirect" title="Laozi">Laozi</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kong_Hu_Cu_(filsuf)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kong Hu Cu (filsuf)">Kong Hu Cu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanet20129_402-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanet20129-402"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>393<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gerakan <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Baru" title="Zaman Baru">Zaman Baru</a> memiliki berbagai pandangan mengenai Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-other_views_403-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-other_views-403"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>394<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaum <a href="/wiki/Teosofi" title="Teosofi">Teosofis</a>, yang merupakan asal mula banyak ajaran Zaman Baru,<sup id="cite_ref-404" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-404"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>395<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> menyebut Yesus sebagai <a href="/wiki/Master_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Yesus">Master Yesus</a> dan percaya bahwa Kristus, setelah <a href="/wiki/Reinkarnasi" title="Reinkarnasi">berbagai inkarnasi</a>, merasuki tubuh Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-405" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-405"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>396<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yesus_dalam_Scientology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yesus dalam Scientology (halaman belum tersedia)">Kaum Scientologis mengakui</a> Yesus (bersama dengan figur keagamaan lainnya seperti Zoroaster, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, dan Buddha) sebagai bagian dari "warisan keagamaan" mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-other_views_403-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-other_views-403"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>394<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-406" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-406"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>397<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaum <a href="/wiki/Ateis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ateis">Ateis</a> menyangkal keilahian Yesus, namun tidak semuanya memegang pandangan negatif terhadapnya; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Richard Dawkins</a>, contohnya, menyebut Yesus sebagai "seorang guru moral besar",<sup id="cite_ref-407" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-407"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>398<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sementara menyatakan dalam bukunya <i><a href="/wiki/The_God_Delusion" class="mw-redirect" title="The God Delusion">The God Delusion</a></i> bahwa Yesus patut dipuji karena ia tidak memberikan ajaran-ajaran etikanya dari ayat-ayat kitab suci.<sup id="cite_ref-408" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-408"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>399<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yesus juga memiliki para penentang, baik di masa lalu maupun saat ini. Kritikus-kritikus awal Yesus dan Kekristenan meliputi <a href="/wiki/Celsus" title="Celsus">Celsus</a> pada abad kedua dan <a href="/wiki/Porfirio" class="mw-redirect" title="Porfirio">Porfirio</a> pada abad ketiga.<sup id="cite_ref-409" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-409"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>400<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-410" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-410"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>401<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada abad ke-19, <a href="/wiki/Nietzsche" class="mw-redirect" title="Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a> sangat mengkritik Yesus, yang ajaran-ajarannya ia anggap sebagai "antikodrat" dalam perlakuan mereka terhadap topik-topik seperti seksualitas.<sup id="cite_ref-411" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-411"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>402<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kritikus modern lainnya yang terkenal misalnya <a href="/wiki/Sita_Ram_Goel" title="Sita Ram Goel">Sita Ram Goel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hitchens" title="Christopher Hitchens">Christopher Hitchens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a>. Pada abad ke-20, Russell menulis dalam <i><a href="/wiki/Why_I_Am_Not_a_Christian" title="Why I Am Not a Christian">Why I Am Not a Christian</a></i> bahwa Yesus "tidak begitu bijaksana sebagaimana beberapa tokoh lainnya, dan tentu saja Ia tidaklah bijaksana secara superlatif".<sup id="cite_ref-412" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-412"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>403<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russell menyebut sifat pendendam Yesus merupakan suatu cacat dalam karakter moralnya dalam hal Yesus menurut Injil meyakini adanya hukuman kekal di neraka, yang Russell rasakan tidak ada satupun orang yang "benar-benar humanis secara mendalam dapat mempercayainya".<sup id="cite_ref-Routledge_413-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge-413"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>404<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russell juga mengemukakan pengulangan sikap "amarah balas dendam terhadap orang-orang yang tidak mau mendengarkan khotbah-Nya" yang ia rasakan "mengurangi keunggulan superlatif".<sup id="cite_ref-Routledge_413-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge-413"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>404<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penggambaran">Penggambaran</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Yesus_dalam_karya_seni" title="Yesus dalam karya seni">Yesus dalam karya seni</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Christ_Healing_the_Paralytic_-_Dura-Europos_circa_232.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sebuah lukisan tembok kuno yang menggambarkan Yesus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Christ_Healing_the_Paralytic_-_Dura-Europos_circa_232.jpg/170px-Christ_Healing_the_Paralytic_-_Dura-Europos_circa_232.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Christ_Healing_the_Paralytic_-_Dura-Europos_circa_232.jpg/255px-Christ_Healing_the_Paralytic_-_Dura-Europos_circa_232.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Christ_Healing_the_Paralytic_-_Dura-Europos_circa_232.jpg/340px-Christ_Healing_the_Paralytic_-_Dura-Europos_circa_232.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1871" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Yesus menyembuhkan orang lumpuh dalam salah satu penggambaran Yesus yang pertama diketahui dari <a href="/wiki/Dura-Europos" title="Dura-Europos">Dura-Europos</a> pada abad ke-2.</figcaption></figure> <p>Beberapa penggambaran yang paling awal mengenai Yesus di <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Dura-Europos" title="Gereja Dura-Europos">gereja Dura-Europos</a> secara tegas ditarikhkan sebelum tahun 256.<sup id="cite_ref-414" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-414"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>405<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah itu, kendati kekurangan referensi kitab suci ataupun catatan sejarah, sejumlah besar penggambaran Yesus muncul pada dua milenium terakhir yang sering kali dipengaruhi oleh latar belakang budaya, keadaan politik, dan konteks teologis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoulden200663–99_308-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoulden200663–99-308"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>301<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Erricker44_309-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erricker44-309"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>302<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Perkinson30_322-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perkinson30-322"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>314<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebagaimana dalam <a href="/wiki/Seni_rupa_gereja_perdana" class="mw-redirect" title="Seni rupa gereja perdana">seni rupa Kekristenan awal</a> lainnya, penggambaran-penggambaran paling awal berasal dari akhir abad kedua atau awal abad ketiga, dan gambar-gambar yang masih ada hingga sekarang utamanya ditemukan di <a href="/wiki/Katakomba_Roma" title="Katakomba Roma">Katakomba Roma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-415" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-415"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>406<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Penggambaran Yesus dalam rupa gambar sangat <a href="/wiki/Anikonisme_dalam_Kekristenan" title="Anikonisme dalam Kekristenan">kontroversial</a> pada masa Gereja perdana.<sup id="cite_ref-phschaff_416-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phschaff-416"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>407<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Irenaeus1_417-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irenaeus1-417"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>408<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Elvira36_418-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elvira36-418"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>409<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sejak abad ke-5 dan seterusnya, ikon-ikon bercat dalam bentuk datar menjadi populer dalam <a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_Timur" title="Kekristenan Timur">Gereja Timur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Icons_419-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Icons-419"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>410<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ikonoklasme_Bizantium" title="Ikonoklasme Bizantium">Ikonoklasme Bizantium</a> menjadi penghalang perkembangannya di dunia Timur, namun pada abad kesembilan seni rupa tersebut diizinkan kembali.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoulden200663–99_308-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoulden200663–99-308"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>301<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transfigurasi_Yesus_dalam_seni_Kristen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transfigurasi Yesus dalam seni Kristen (halaman belum tersedia)">Transfigurasi</a> merupakan salah satu tema utama dalam seni rupa Kristen Timur, dan setiap rahib <a href="/wiki/Ortodoks_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortodoks Timur">Ortodoks Timur</a> yang telah terlatih dalam melukis <a href="/wiki/Ikon_(Kristen_Timur)" title="Ikon (Kristen Timur)">ikon</a> harus dapat membuktikan keahliannya dengan cara melukis suatu ikon yang menggambarkan peristiwa tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-420" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-420"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>411<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ikon-ikon menerima tanda-tanda penghormatan eksternal, seperti ciuman dan sujud, serta dipandang sebagai saluran rahmat ilahi yang memiliki kuasa.<sup id="cite_ref-Icons_419-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Icons-419"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>410<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebelum Reformasi Protestan, <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" class="mw-redirect" title="Crucifix">crucifix</a> (umumnya disebut "salib" saja) merupakan hal umum dalam Kekristenan Barat.<sup id="cite_ref-Crucifix_421-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crucifix-421"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>412<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crucifix merupakan suatu model salib yang terdapat tubuh Yesus tersalib,<sup id="cite_ref-Crucifix_421-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crucifix-421"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>412<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> menjadi ornamen utama altar pada abad ke-13 yang penggunaannya telah nyaris universal di dalam bangunan-bangunan gereja Katolik Roma sampai masa sekarang.<sup id="cite_ref-Crucifix_421-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crucifix-421"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>412<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yesus ditampilkan sebagai seorang bayi dalam sebuah palungan (tempat pakan ternak) di kandang atau gua Natal yang menggambarkan adegan Kelahiran.<sup id="cite_ref-EB16032015_422-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB16032015-422"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>413<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia biasanya disandingkan dengan Maria, Yusuf, berbagai hewan, para gembala, para malaikat, dan orang-orang Majus.<sup id="cite_ref-EB16032015_422-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB16032015-422"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>413<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fransiskus_dari_Asisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fransiskus dari Asisi">Fransiskus dari Asisi</a> (1181/82–1226) dianggap sebagai orang yang mempopulerkan gua Natal, meskipun ia kemungkinan tidak memprakarsainya.<sup id="cite_ref-EB16032015_422-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB16032015-422"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>413<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gua Natal mencapai puncak ketenarannya pada abad ke-17 dan ke-18 di selatan Eropa.<sup id="cite_ref-EB16032015_422-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB16032015-422"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>413<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Abad_Renaisans" class="mw-redirect" title="Abad Renaisans">Masa Renaisans</a> melahirkan sejumlah seniman yang berfokus pada penggambaran Yesus; <a href="/wiki/Fra_Angelico" title="Fra Angelico">Fra Angelico</a> dan seniman lainnya mengikuti <a href="/wiki/Giotto" class="mw-redirect" title="Giotto">Giotto</a> dalam hal pengembangan sistematis gambar-gambar yang tidak memiliki banyak detail.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoulden200663–99_308-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoulden200663–99-308"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>301<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Reformasi_Protestan" title="Reformasi Protestan">Reformasi Protestan</a> membawa pembaruan <a href="/wiki/Anikonisme_dalam_Kekristenan" title="Anikonisme dalam Kekristenan">perlawanan terhadap penggambaran</a>, namun pelarangan secara total sangatlah jarang, dan keberatan Protestan terhadap gambar-gambar cenderung menurun sejak abad ke-16. Meskipun gambar-gambar besar umumnya dihindari, beberapa kalangan Protestan saat ini berkeberatan atas ilustrasi-ilustrasi buku yang menggambarkan Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-423" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-423"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>414<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-424" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-424"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>415<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penggunaan penggambaran Yesus dianjurkan oleh para pemimpin denominasi seperti <a href="/wiki/Anglikan" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglikan">Anglikan</a> dan Katolik<sup id="cite_ref-RWilliams83_425-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RWilliams83-425"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>416<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-426" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-426"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>417<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-427" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-427"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>418<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serta merupakan suatu elemen utama dalam tradisi Ortodoks Timur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoninger1999231_428-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoninger1999231-428"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>419<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-429" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-429"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>420<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relikui_terkait">Relikui terkait</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Relikui_yang_berhubungan_dengan_Yesus_Kristus" title="Relikui yang berhubungan dengan Yesus Kristus">Relikui yang berhubungan dengan Yesus Kristus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Shroud_of_Turin_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Shroud_of_Turin_001.jpg/220px-Shroud_of_Turin_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Shroud_of_Turin_001.jpg/330px-Shroud_of_Turin_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Shroud_of_Turin_001.jpg/440px-Shroud_of_Turin_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="632" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kain_Kafan_Turin" title="Kain Kafan Turin">Kain Kafan Turin</a>, Italia, adalah peninggalan Yesus yang diklaim paling terkenal dan salah satu artefak yang paling banyak dipelajari dalam sejarah manusia.<sup id="cite_ref-430" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-430"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>421<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Penghancuran total yang terjadi saat <a href="/wiki/Pengepungan_Yerusalem_(70)" title="Pengepungan Yerusalem (70)">pengepungan Yerusalem</a> oleh bangsa Romawi pada tahun 70 Masehi menyebabkan langkanya peninggalan dari Yudea abad pertama dan nyaris tidak ada catatan langsung yang terselamatkan mengenai sejarah Yudaisme dari paruh akhir abad pertama sampai abad kedua.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine200624-25_431-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine200624-25-431"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>422<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Koester382_432-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koester382-432"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>423<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-434" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-434"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_M._Mitchell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret M. Mitchell (halaman belum tersedia)">Margaret M. Mitchell</a> menuliskan bahwa meskipun <a href="/wiki/Eusebius" class="mw-disambig" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a> melaporkan (<i><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Gereja_(Eusebius)" title="Sejarah Gereja (Eusebius)">Sejarah Gereja</a></i> III 5.3) kalau kaum Kristen awal meninggalkan Yerusalem menuju <a href="/wiki/Pella,_Yordania" title="Pella, Yordania">Pella</a> sesaat sebelum Yerusalem akhirnya diisolasi, perlu diakui bahwa tidak ada peninggalan Kristen tangan pertama dari Gereja Yerusalem awal yang terselamatkan.<sup id="cite_ref-435" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-435"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>425<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, sepanjang sejarah Kekristenan, sejumlah <a href="/wiki/Relikui" title="Relikui">relikui</a> yang dikaitkan dengan Yesus telah diklaim meskipun terdapat keraguan-keraguan atasnya. <a href="/wiki/Erasmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a>, seorang teolog Katolik abad ke-16, menulis secara sinis mengenai maraknya relikui-relikui dan sejumlah bangunan kayu yang diklaim terbuat dari <a href="/wiki/Salib_Sejati" title="Salib Sejati">salib yang digunakan dalam Penyaliban</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDillenberger19995_436-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDillenberger19995-436"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>426<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demikian pula, sementara para ahli memperdebatkan apakah Yesus disalibkan dengan tiga atau empat paku, setidaknya tiga puluh <a href="/wiki/Paku_(relikui)" title="Paku (relikui)">paku suci</a> tetap dihormati di seluruh Eropa sebagai relikui.<sup id="cite_ref-437" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-437"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>427<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beberapa relikui, seperti peninggalan yang diklaim sebagai <a href="/wiki/Mahkota_duri" title="Mahkota duri">Mahkota Duri</a>, hanya dikunjungi peziarah dalam jumlah sedang, sedangkan <a href="/wiki/Kain_Kafan_dari_Torino" class="mw-redirect" title="Kain Kafan dari Torino">Kain Kafan Turin</a> (yang dikaitkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Devosi_Katolik" title="Devosi Katolik">devosi Katolik</a> yang telah disetujui terhadap <a href="/wiki/Wajah_Kudus_Yesus" title="Wajah Kudus Yesus">Wajah Kudus Yesus</a>) telah dikunjungi oleh jutaan peziarah,<sup id="cite_ref-438" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>428<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> termasuk <a href="/wiki/Paus_(Katolik_Roma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paus (Katolik Roma)">Paus</a> <a href="/wiki/Yohanes_Paulus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Yohanes Paulus II">Yohanes Paulus II</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Paus_Benediktus_XVI" title="Paus Benediktus XVI">Benediktus XVI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-439" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-439"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>429<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-440" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-440"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>430<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tidak ada konsensus keilmuan yang mendukung keaslian relikui apapun yang dikaitkan dengan Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-441" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-441"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>431<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-444" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-444"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_buku_tentang_Yesus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar buku tentang Yesus (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar buku tentang Yesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_orang_yang_mengaku_sebagai_Yesus" title="Daftar orang yang mengaku sebagai Yesus">Daftar orang yang mengaku sebagai Yesus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_orang_yang_dianggap_sebagai_tuhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar orang yang dianggap sebagai tuhan (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar orang yang dianggap sebagai tuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_pendiri_tradisi_keagamaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar pendiri tradisi keagamaan (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar pendiri tradisi keagamaan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_P._Meier" title="John P. Meier">John P. Meier</a> menulis bahwa tahun kelahiran Yesus adalah <abbr title="circa (kira-kira)">ca</abbr> tahun 7 atau 6 SM.<sup id="cite_ref-Meier1991_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meier1991-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Rahner" title="Karl Rahner">Karl Rahner</a> menyatakan bahwa konsensus di kalangan sejarawan adalah kr. tahun 4 SM.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERahner2004732_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERahner2004732-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/E._P._Sanders" title="E. P. Sanders">E. P. Sanders</a> juga cenderung setuju dengan kr. 4 SM, mengacu pada konsensus umum.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders199310–11_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders199310–11-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Finegan" title="Jack Finegan">Jack Finegan</a> menggunakan studi dari tradisi Kristen awal untuk mendukung pendapat bahwa tahun kelahiran Yesus adalah kr. 3 atau 2 SM.<sup id="cite_ref-Finegan_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finegan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sebagian besar akademisi memperkirakan tahun 30 atau 33 M sebagai tahun penyaliban Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-Humphreys1992_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Humphreys1992-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/James_Dunn_(teolog)" title="James Dunn (teolog)">James Dunn</a> menulis bahwa pembaptisan dan penyaliban Yesus disepakati hampir secara universal dan "menempati peringkat yang sedemikian tinggi pada skala yang 'hampir mustahil untuk diragukan atau disangkal' dalam fakta-fakta sejarah" sehingga sering kali menjadi titik awal bagi penelitian Yesus historis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2003339_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003339-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bart_Ehrman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bart Ehrman">Bart Ehrman</a> menyatakan bahwa penyaliban Yesus atas perintah Pontius Pilatus merupakan elemen yang paling pasti terkait Yesus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman1999101_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman1999101-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Dominic_Crossan" title="John Dominic Crossan">John Dominic Crossan</a> dan Richard G. Watts menyatakan bahwa penyaliban Yesus jelas sebagaimana fakta sejarah lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossanWatts199996_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossanWatts199996-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul R. Eddy dan <a href="/wiki/Gregory_A._Boyd" title="Gregory A. Boyd">Gregory A. Boyd</a> mengatakan bahwa konfirmasi tentang penyaliban Yesus dari kalangan non-Kristen sekarang telah "ditetapkan dengan tegas".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddyBoyd2007173_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddyBoyd2007173-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Menurut tradisi, kaum Kristen meyakini bahwa Maria mengandung putranya secara ajaib melalui Roh Kudus. Kaum Muslim meyakini bahwa ia mengandung putranya secara ajaib melalui perintah Allah. Dari pandangan-pandangan ini, Yusuf berperan sebagai ayah angkat.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dalam sebuah ulasan tahun 2011 tentang status keilmuan modern, <a href="/wiki/Bart_Ehrman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bart Ehrman">Bart Ehrman</a> menuliskan, "Dia tentu ada, karena hampir semua akademisi antikuitas yang kompeten menyetujuinya, baik dari kalangan Kristen ataupun non-Kristen."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_A._Burridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard A. Burridge (halaman belum tersedia)">Richard A. Burridge</a> menyatakan: "Ada yang berpendapat bahwa Yesus adalah suatu khayalan dari imajinasi Gereja, bahwa Yesus sama sekali tidak pernah ada. Saya harus mengatakan bahwa saya tidak tahu apa ada akademisi kritis yang dihormati yang mengatakan hal itu lagi."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Price" title="Robert M. Price">Robert M. Price</a> tidak percaya bahwa Yesus ada, tetapi setuju bahwa perspektif ini bertentangan dengan pandangan kebanyakan akademisi.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/James_Dunn_(teolog)" title="James Dunn (teolog)">James Dunn</a> menyebut teori-teori noneksistensi Yesus sebagai "suatu tesis yang sepenuhnya mati".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grant_(penulis)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Grant (penulis) (halaman belum tersedia)">Michael Grant</a> (seorang ahli <a href="/wiki/Klasika" title="Klasika">klasika</a>) menulis pada tahun 1977, "Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, 'tidak ada akademisi yang serius telah berkelana untuk mendalilkan nonhistorisitas Yesus' atau pada tingkat yang sangat sedikit, dan mereka belum berhasil melepaskan bukti yang jauh lebih kuat—yang memang sangat banyak—untuk sebaliknya."<sup id="cite_ref-Grant1977_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grant1977-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Van_Voorst" title="Robert E. Van Voorst">Robert E. Van Voorst</a> menyatakan bahwa para akademisi biblika dan sejarawan klasik menganggap teori-teori noneksistensi Yesus telah secara efektif disanggah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Voorst200016_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Voorst200016-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Artikel ini menggunakan kutipan-kutipan dari Alkitab versi <a href="/wiki/Terjemahan_Baru" class="mw-redirect" title="Terjemahan Baru">Terjemahan Baru</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sebagai contoh, John P. Meier menyatakan bahwa tahun kelahiran Yesus <abbr title="circa (kira-kira)">ca</abbr> 7/6 SM,<sup id="cite_ref-Meier1991_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meier1991-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sementara Finegan merasa <abbr title="circa (kira-kira)">ca</abbr> 3/2 SM lebih tepat.<sup id="cite_ref-Finegan_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finegan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dalam Perjanjian Baru, Yesus dideskripsikan sebagai orang Yahudi / Yudea (<i><a href="/wiki/Ioudaios" title="Ioudaios">Ioudaios</a></i> sebagaimana ditulis dalam bahasa Yunani Koine) pada tiga peristiwa: oleh orang-orang Majus dalam Matius 2, yang menyebut Yesus sebagai "Raja orang Yahudi" (<i>basileus ton ioudaion</i>); oleh <a href="/wiki/Perempuan_Samaria_di_sumur_Yakub" title="Perempuan Samaria di sumur Yakub">perempuan Samaria di sumur Yakub</a> dan Yesus sendiri dalam Yohanes 4; dan (dalam keempat Injil) selama <a href="/wiki/Kisah_Sengsara_(Kekristenan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kisah Sengsara (Kekristenan)">Kisah Sengsara</a>, yang juga menggunakan frasa "Raja orang Yahudi".<sup id="cite_ref-317" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-317"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>310<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Setelah <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Apostolik" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaman Apostolik">Zaman Apostolik</a>, terdapat perdebatan sengit dan sering kali dipolitisasi dalam <a href="/wiki/Pusat_awal_Kekristenan" title="Pusat awal Kekristenan">Gereja mula-mula</a> seputar banyak isu terkait. <a href="/wiki/Kristologi" title="Kristologi">Kristologi</a> merupakan fokus utama perdebatan ini, dan dibahas dalam masing-masing dari <a href="/wiki/Tujuh_Konsili_Ekumenis_pertama" class="mw-redirect" title="Tujuh Konsili Ekumenis pertama">tujuh Konsili Ekumenis pertama</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-434"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-434">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tulisan <a href="/wiki/Flavius_Josephus" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavius Josephus">Flavius Josephus</a> (sekitar 5 tahun kemudian, <abbr title="circa (kira-kira)">ca</abbr> 75 Masehi) dalam <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_War" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jewish War">The Jewish War</a></i> (Buku VII 1.1) menyatakan bahwa Yerusalem telah diratakan hingga "tidak meninggalkan apapun yang dapat membuat orang-orang yang datang ke sana meyakini bahwa tempat tersebut pernah dihuni."<sup id="cite_ref-433" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-433"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>424<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dan ketika yang masih tersisa dari reruntuhan Yerusalem dijadikan pemukiman Romawi <a href="/wiki/Aelia_Capitolina" title="Aelia Capitolina">Aelia Capitolina</a>, tidak ada orang Yahudi yang diijinkan untuk menjejakkan kaki di sana.<sup id="cite_ref-Koester382_432-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koester382-432"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>423<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-444"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-444">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kesimpulan-kesimpulan mengenai Kain Kafan Turin masih terpolarisasi.<sup id="cite_ref-442" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-442"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>432<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menurut mantan editor <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(jurnal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature (jurnal)">Nature</a></i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Ball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Ball (halaman belum tersedia)">Philip Ball</a>, "Adalah adil untuk mengatakan bahwa, terlepas dari beragam pengujian pada tahun 1988 yang tampaknya definitif, status Kain Kafan Turin menjadi lebih suram daripada sebelumnya. Selain itu, sifat gambar dan bagaimana terbentuknya pada kain tersebut masih sangat membingungkan".<sup id="cite_ref-443" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-443"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>433<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18833634" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Meier1991-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meier1991_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meier1991_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Meier, John P. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marginaljewrethi0000john"><i>A Marginal Jew: The roots of the problem and the person</i></a>. Yale University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marginaljewrethi0000john/page/n422">407</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-300-14018-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-300-14018-7">978-0-300-14018-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Marginal+Jew%3A+The+roots+of+the+problem+and+the+person&rft.pages=407&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-300-14018-7&rft.aulast=Meier&rft.aufirst=John+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarginaljewrethi0000john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERahner2004732-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERahner2004732_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRahner2004">Rahner 2004</a>, hlm. 732.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders199310–11-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders199310–11_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanders1993">Sanders 1993</a>, hlm. 10–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Finegan-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Finegan_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finegan_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Finegan, Jack (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookbiblical00fine"><i>Handbook of Biblical Chronology, rev. ed</i></a>. Hendrickson Publishers. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookbiblical00fine/page/319">319</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-56563-143-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-56563-143-4">978-1-56563-143-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Biblical+Chronology%2C+rev.+ed.&rft.pages=319&rft.pub=Hendrickson+Publishers&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-56563-143-4&rft.aulast=Finegan&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbookbiblical00fine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brown, Raymond E. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/birthofmessiahco0000brow"><i>The birth of the Messiah: a commentary on the infancy narratives in Matthew and Luke</i></a>. Doubleday. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/birthofmessiahco0000brow/page/513">513</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-385-05907-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-385-05907-7">978-0-385-05907-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+birth+of+the+Messiah%3A+a+commentary+on+the+infancy+narratives+in+Matthew+and+Luke&rft.pages=513&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-385-05907-7&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Raymond+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbirthofmessiahco0000brow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Humphreys1992-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Humphreys1992_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Humphreys1992_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Humphreys, Colin J.; Waddington, W. G. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180930231450/http://www.tyndalehouse.com/tynbul/library/TynBull_1992_43_2_06_Humphreys_DateChristsCrucifixion.pdf#page=9">"The Jewish Calendar, a Lunar Eclipse and the Date of Christ's Crucifixion"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Tyndale Bulletin</i>. <b>43</b> (2): 340. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tyndalehouse.com/tynbul/library/TynBull_1992_43_2_06_Humphreys_DateChristsCrucifixion.pdf#page=9">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2018-09-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2015-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tyndale+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+Jewish+Calendar%2C+a+Lunar+Eclipse+and+the+Date+of+Christ%27s+Crucifixion&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=340&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Humphreys&rft.aufirst=Colin+J.&rft.au=Waddington%2C+W.+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tyndalehouse.com%2Ftynbul%2Flibrary%2FTynBull_1992_43_2_06_Humphreys_DateChristsCrucifixion.pdf%23page%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003339-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2003339_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2003339_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2003339_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2003339_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2003">Dunn 2003</a>, hlm. 339.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman1999101-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman1999101_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEhrman1999">Ehrman 1999</a>, hlm. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossanWatts199996-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossanWatts199996_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrossanWatts1999">Crossan & Watts 1999</a>, hlm. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddyBoyd2007173-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddyBoyd2007173_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEddyBoyd2007">Eddy & Boyd 2007</a>, hlm. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ehrman, Bart (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=MtOMO8i4GLoC"><i>Forged: writing in the name of God – Why the Bible's Authors Are Not Who We Think They Are</i></a>. HarperCollins. hlm. 285. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-06-207863-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-06-207863-6">978-0-06-207863-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forged%3A+writing+in+the+name+of+God+%E2%80%93+Why+the+Bible%27s+Authors+Are+Not+Who+We+Think+They+Are&rft.pages=285&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-06-207863-6&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DMtOMO8i4GLoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Burridge, Richard A.; Gould, Graham (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr"><i>Jesus Now and Then</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jesusnowthen0000burr/page/34">34</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-0977-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-0977-3">978-0-8028-0977-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+Now+and+Then&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-0977-3&rft.aulast=Burridge&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rft.au=Gould%2C+Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjesusnowthen0000burr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Price, Robert M. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O33P7xrFnLQC&pg=PA55#v=onepage&q&f=false">"Jesus at the Vanishing Point"</a>. Dalam Beilby, James K.; Eddy, Paul R. <i>The Historical Jesus: Five Views</i>. InterVarsity. hlm. 55, 61. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8308-7853-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8308-7853-6">978-0-8308-7853-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jesus+at+the+Vanishing+Point&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Jesus%3A+Five+Views&rft.pages=55%2C+61&rft.pub=InterVarsity&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-7853-6&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO33P7xrFnLQC%26pg%3DPA55%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Sykes, Stephen W. (2007). "Paul's understanding of the death of Jesus". <i>Sacrifice and Redemption</i>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 35–36. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-04460-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-04460-8">978-0-521-04460-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Paul%27s+understanding+of+the+death+of+Jesus&rft.btitle=Sacrifice+and+Redemption&rft.pages=35-36&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-04460-8&rft.aulast=Sykes&rft.aufirst=Stephen+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grant1977-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grant1977_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Grant, Michael (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jesushistoriansr00gran"><i>Jesus: An Historian's Review of the Gospels</i></a>. Scribner's. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jesushistoriansr00gran/page/200">200</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-684-14889-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-684-14889-2">978-0-684-14889-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus%3A+An+Historian%27s+Review+of+the+Gospels&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=Scribner%27s&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-684-14889-2&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjesushistoriansr00gran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Voorst200016-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Voorst200016_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Voorst2000">Van Voorst 2000</a>, hlm. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933Sanders199373TheissenMerz199825-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933Sanders199373TheissenMerz199825_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFFunkHoover1993">Funk & Hoover 1993</a>, hlm. 3; <a href="#CITEREFSanders1993">Sanders 1993</a>, hlm. 73; <a href="#CITEREFTheissenMerz1998">Theissen & Merz 1998</a>, hlm. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHezser199759Dunn2013290–291Levine20064-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHezser199759Dunn2013290–291Levine20064_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFHezser1997">Hezser 1997</a>, hlm. 59; <a href="#CITEREFDunn2013">Dunn 2013</a>, hlm. 290–291; <a href="#CITEREFLevine2006">Levine 2006</a>, hlm. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders199311,_14-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders199311,_14_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanders1993">Sanders 1993</a>, hlm. 11, 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Woodhead, Linda (2004). <i>Christianity: A Very Short Introduction</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. n.p.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christianity%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=n.p.&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Woodhead&rft.aufirst=Linda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrudem1994568–603-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrudem1994568–603_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrudem1994">Grudem 1994</a>, hlm. 568–603.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilhelm1911MetzgerCoogan1993649Hoekema199488–89Garrett2014766Erickson200195-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilhelm1911MetzgerCoogan1993649Hoekema199488–89Garrett2014766Erickson200195_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFWilhelm1911">Wilhelm 1911</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMetzgerCoogan1993">Metzger & Coogan 1993</a>, hlm. 649; <a href="#CITEREFHoekema1994">Hoekema 1994</a>, hlm. 88–89; <a href="#CITEREFGarrett2014">Garrett 2014</a>, hlm. 766; <a href="#CITEREFErickson2001">Erickson 2001</a>, hlm. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bauckham" title="Richard Bauckham">Richard Bauckham</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theologicalstudies.org.uk/article_universalism_bauckham.html">"Universalism: a historical survey"</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Themelios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Themelios (halaman belum tersedia)">Themelios</a></i> 4.2 (September 1978): 47–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Jacobs, Joseph; Kohler, Kaufmann; Gottheil, Richard; Krauss, Samuel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8616-jesus-of-nazareth">"Jesus of Nazareth"</a>. <i>Jewish Encyclopedia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Jesus+of+Nazareth&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Kohler%2C+Kaufmann&rft.au=Gottheil%2C+Richard&rft.au=Krauss%2C+Samuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F8616-jesus-of-nazareth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_30-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_30-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_30-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_30-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_30-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_30-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_30-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Sanders, Ed P.; Pelikan, Jaroslav J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/303091/Jesus-Christ">"Jesus Christ"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jesus+Christ&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=Ed+P.&rft.au=Pelikan%2C+Jaroslav+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F303091%2FJesus-Christ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CE_name-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CE_name_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CE_name_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Maas, Anthony J. (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Origin_of_the_Name_of_Jesus_Christ" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ">Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ</a>". Dalam Herbermann, Charles. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Origin+of+the+Name+of+Jesus+Christ&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Maas&rft.aufirst=Anthony+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><i>Wycliffe Bible Dictionary</i>. entry HEBREW LANGUAGE: Hendrickson Publishers. 1975.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wycliffe+Bible+Dictionary&rft.place=entry+HEBREW+LANGUAGE&rft.pub=Hendrickson+Publishers&rft.date=1975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EhrmanDid29-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EhrmanDid29_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ehrman, Bart D. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=hf5Rj8EtsPkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=did+jesus+exist+bart+ehrman#v=snippet&q=%22nearly%20anyone%20who%20lived%20in%20the%20first%20century%22&f=false"><i>Did Jesus Exist?: The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth</i></a>. HarperOne. hlm. 29. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-06-208994-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-06-208994-6">978-0-06-208994-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Did+Jesus+Exist%3F%3A+The+Historical+Argument+for+Jesus+of+Nazareth&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=HarperOne&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-06-208994-6&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dhf5Rj8EtsPkC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Ddid%2Bjesus%2Bexist%2Bbart%2Behrman%23v%3Dsnippet%26q%3D%2522nearly%2520anyone%2520who%2520lived%2520in%2520the%2520first%2520century%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/joshua">"Joshua"</a>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joshua&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fjoshua&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hare, Douglas (2009). <i>Matthew</i>. Westminster John Knox Press. hlm. 11. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-664-23433-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-664-23433-1">978-0-664-23433-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Matthew&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-664-23433-1&rft.aulast=Hare&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rogers, Cleon (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zo44-XeRBg4C&pg=PA12#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Topical Josephus</i></a>. Zondervan. hlm. 12. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780310230175" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780310230175">9780310230175</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Topical+Josephus&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780310230175&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Cleon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzo44-XeRBg4C%26pg%3DPA12%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEddyBoyd2007129-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEddyBoyd2007129_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEddyBoyd2007">Eddy & Boyd 2007</a>, hlm. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance200753-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance200753_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrance2007">France 2007</a>, hlm. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoninger1999212-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoninger1999212_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoninger1999">Doninger 1999</a>, hlm. 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Heil, John P. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i4u42_PsPNsC&pg=PA66#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Philippians: Let Us Rejoice in Being Conformed to Christ</i></a>. Society of Biblical Lit. hlm. 66. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58983-482-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58983-482-8">978-1-58983-482-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philippians%3A+Let+Us+Rejoice+in+Being+Conformed+to+Christ&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Lit&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-58983-482-8&rft.aulast=Heil&rft.aufirst=John+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di4u42_PsPNsC%26pg%3DPA66%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gwynn, Murl E. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7CGw_j-noWkC&pg=PA92#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Conflict: Christianity's Love Vs. Islam's Submission</i></a>. iUniverse. hlm. 92. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4620-3484-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4620-3484-0">978-1-4620-3484-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conflict%3A+Christianity%27s+Love+Vs.+Islam%27s+Submission&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4620-3484-0&rft.aulast=Gwynn&rft.aufirst=Murl+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7CGw_j-noWkC%26pg%3DPA92%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVine1940274–275-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVine1940274–275_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVine1940">Vine 1940</a>, hlm. 274–275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPannenberg196830–31-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPannenberg196830–31_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPannenberg1968">Pannenberg 1968</a>, hlm. 30–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bultmann, Rudolf K. (2007). <i>Theology of the New Testament</i>. Baylor University Press. hlm. 80. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-932792-93-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-932792-93-7">1-932792-93-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theology+of+the+New+Testament&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Baylor+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=1-932792-93-7&rft.aulast=Bultmann&rft.aufirst=Rudolf+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMillsBullard1998[https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&lpg=PA142&pg=PA142#v=onepage&q=142%20allegiance&f=false_142]-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMillsBullard1998[https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&lpg=PA142&pg=PA142#v=onepage&q=142%2520allegiance&f=false_142]_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMillsBullard1998">Mills & Bullard 1998</a>, hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&lpg=PA142&pg=PA142#v=onepage&q=142%20allegiance&f=false">142</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://studybible.info/strongs/G5546">"G5546 Χριστιανός"</a>. Strong's Greek Lexicon<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=G5546+%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82&rft.pub=Strong%27s+Greek+Lexicon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstudybible.info%2Fstrongs%2FG5546&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanders, E. P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/303091/Jesus-Christ/">"Jesus Christ."</a> Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Retrieved 17 Dec 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009441–442-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009441–442_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlomberg2009">Blomberg 2009</a>, hlm. 441–442.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fahlbusch52-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fahlbusch52_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fahlbusch52_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fahlbusch52_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fahlbusch52_50-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Fahlbusch, Erwin (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C5V7oyy69zgC&pg=PA53#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Encyclopedia of Christianity</i></a>. <b>4</b>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. 53–56. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-2416-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-2416-5">978-0-8028-2416-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Christianity&rft.pages=53-56&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2416-5&rft.aulast=Fahlbusch&rft.aufirst=Erwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC5V7oyy69zgC%26pg%3DPA53%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003465–477-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003465–477_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003465–477_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003465–477_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2003">Evans 2003</a>, hlm. 465–477.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bruce1988-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bruce1988_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bruce, Frederick F. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofacts00bruc"><i>The Book of the Acts</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofacts00bruc/page/362">362</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-2505-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-2505-6">978-0-8028-2505-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+the+Acts&rft.pages=362&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2505-6&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=Frederick+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookofacts00bruc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERausch200377-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERausch200377_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRausch2003">Rausch 2003</a>, hlm. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003521–530-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003521–530_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003521–530_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003521–530_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003521–530_54-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2003">Evans 2003</a>, hlm. 521–530.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1997835–840-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1997835–840_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1997">Brown 1997</a>, hlm. 835–840.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChiltonEvans1998482-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChiltonEvans1998482_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChiltonEvans1998">Chilton & Evans 1998</a>, hlm. 482.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Roberts, Mark D. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l2sloGWzzV8C&pg=PA58#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Can We Trust the Gospels?: Investigating the Reliability of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John</i></a>. Crossway. hlm. 58. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4335-1978-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4335-1978-9">978-1-4335-1978-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Can+We+Trust+the+Gospels%3F%3A+Investigating+the+Reliability+of+Matthew%2C+Mark%2C+Luke%2C+and+John&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Crossway&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4335-1978-9&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Mark+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl2sloGWzzV8C%26pg%3DPA58%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Humphreys, Colin J. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BEy1BZRRAPQC&pg=PA7#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Mystery of the Last Supper: Reconstructing the Final Days of Jesus</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 7–8. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-139-49631-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-139-49631-5">978-1-139-49631-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mystery+of+the+Last+Supper%3A+Reconstructing+the+Final+Days+of+Jesus&rft.pages=7-8&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-139-49631-5&rft.aulast=Humphreys&rft.aufirst=Colin+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBEy1BZRRAPQC%26pg%3DPA7%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-White-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-White_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-White_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-White_59-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">White, L. Michael (2010). <i>Scripting Jesus: The Gospels in Rewrite</i>. HarperOne.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scripting+Jesus%3A+The+Gospels+in+Rewrite&rft.pub=HarperOne&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=L.+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFunkHoover19933_60-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFunkHoover1993">Funk & Hoover 1993</a>, hlm. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-May_Metzger_Mark-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-May_Metzger_Mark_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-May_Metzger_Mark_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-May_Metzger_Mark_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-May_Metzger_Mark_61-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-May_Metzger_Mark_61-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">May, Herbert G. and Bruce M. Metzger. The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha. 1977. "Mark" p. 1213-1239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"John, St." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Synoptic-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Synoptic_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Synoptic_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Haffner, Paul (2008). <i>New Testament Theology</i>. hlm. 135. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-88-902268-0-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-88-902268-0-9">978-88-902268-0-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Testament+Theology&rft.pages=135&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-88-902268-0-9&rft.aulast=Haffner&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Synoptic2-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Synoptic2_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Synoptic2_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Scroggie, W. Graham (1995). <i>A Guide to the Gospels</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kregel_Publications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kregel Publications (halaman belum tersedia)">Kregel Publications</a>. hlm. 128. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8254-9571-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8254-9571-7">978-0-8254-9571-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+the+Gospels&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Kregel+Publications&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8254-9571-7&rft.aulast=Scroggie&rft.aufirst=W.+Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-synoptic" class="citation encyclopaedia"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=synoptic">"synoptic"<span style="padding-left:0.15em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Perlu langganan berbayar"><img alt="Perlu langganan berbayar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/20px-Lock-red-L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (edisi ke-Online). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=synoptic&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foed.com%2Fsearch%3FsearchType%3Ddictionary%26q%3Dsynoptic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:OEDsub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:OEDsub (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:OEDsub</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moloney3-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moloney3_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Moloney, Francis J.; Harrington, Daniel J. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo"><i>The Gospel of John</i></a>. Liturgical Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gospelofjohn0004molo/page/3">3</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8146-5806-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8146-5806-2">978-0-8146-5806-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+John&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5806-2&rft.aulast=Moloney&rft.aufirst=Francis+J.&rft.au=Harrington%2C+Daniel+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgospelofjohn0004molo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ladd, George E. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eIdkM00EdlAC&pg=PA251#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>A Theology of the New Testament</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. 251. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-0680-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-0680-2">978-0-8028-0680-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Theology+of+the+New+Testament&rft.pages=251&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-0680-2&rft.aulast=Ladd&rft.aufirst=George+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeIdkM00EdlAC%26pg%3DPA251%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitherington1997113-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitherington1997113_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitherington1997113_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitherington1997113_68-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitherington1997113_68-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWitherington1997">Witherington 1997</a>, hlm. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stoldt, Hans-Herbert, <i>History and Criticism of the Marcan Hypothesis</i>, Hardcover, 302 pages, Mercer Univ Pr; First Edition (October 1980), <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780865540026" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-86554-002-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELicona2010210–21-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELicona2010210–21_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLicona2010">Licona 2010</a>, hlm. 210–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders199371-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders199371_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanders1993">Sanders 1993</a>, hlm. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199817–62-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199817–62_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199817–62_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199817–62_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTheissenMerz1998">Theissen & Merz 1998</a>, hlm. 17–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders19933-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders19933_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders19933_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanders1993">Sanders 1993</a>, hlm. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrossanWatts1999108-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrossanWatts1999108_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrossanWatts1999">Crossan & Watts 1999</a>, hlm. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003779–781-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2003779–781_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2003">Dunn 2003</a>, hlm. 779–781.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Funk, Robert W. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/actsofjesuswhatd00robe"><i>The acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus</i></a>. Harper. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/actsofjesuswhatd00robe/page/449">449</a>–495. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-06-062979-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-06-062979-3">978-0-06-062979-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+acts+of+Jesus%3A+the+search+for+the+authentic+deeds+of+Jesus&rft.pages=449-495&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-06-062979-3&rft.aulast=Funk&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Factsofjesuswhatd00robe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrudem199490–91-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrudem199490–91_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrudem1994">Grudem 1994</a>, hlm. 90–91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009117–125-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009117–125_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009117–125_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009">Köstenberger, Kellum & Quarles 2009</a>, hlm. 117–125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman199922–23-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman199922–23_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman199922–23_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEhrman1999">Ehrman 1999</a>, hlm. 22–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ThompsonPortraits-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ThompsonPortraits_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ThompsonPortraits_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ThompsonPortraits_80-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ThompsonPortraits_80-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thompson, Frank Charles. The Thompson Chain-Reference Bible. Kirk bride Bible Co & Zondervan Bible Publishers. 1983. p. 1563–1564.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-May_Metzger_Matthew-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-May_Metzger_Matthew_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-May_Metzger_Matthew_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">May, Herbert G. and Bruce M. Metzger. The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha. 1977. "Matthew" p. 1171–1212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-May_Metzger_Luke-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-May_Metzger_Luke_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-May_Metzger_Luke_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">May, Herbert G. and Bruce M. Metzger. The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha. 1977. "Luke" p. 1240-1285.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODCCgospelJohn-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODCCgospelJohn_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCCgospelJohn_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCCgospelJohn_83-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCCgospelJohn_83-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCCgospelJohn_83-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCCgospelJohn_83-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"John, Gospel of." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MayMetzgerJohn-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MayMetzgerJohn_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MayMetzgerJohn_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">May, Herbert G. and Bruce M. Metzger. The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha. 1977. "John" p. 1286-1318.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985302–310-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985302–310_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985302–310_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985302–310_85-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985302–310_85-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985302–310_85-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris1985">Harris 1985</a>, hlm. 302–310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERahner2004730–731-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERahner2004730–731_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERahner2004730–731_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRahner2004">Rahner 2004</a>, hlm. 730–731.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">O'Collins, Gerald (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/christologybibli00sjge"><i>Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus</i></a>. OUP Oxford. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/christologybibli00sjge/page/1">1</a>–3. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-955787-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-955787-5">978-0-19-955787-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christology%3A+A+Biblical%2C+Historical%2C+and+Systematic+Study+of+Jesus&rft.pages=1-3&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-955787-5&rft.aulast=O%27Collins&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchristologybibli00sjge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wiarda75-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wiarda75_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wiarda75_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wiarda, Timothy (2010). <i>Interpreting Gospel Narratives: Scenes, People, and Theology</i>. B&H Publishing Group. hlm. 75–78. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8054-4843-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8054-4843-6">978-0-8054-4843-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interpreting+Gospel+Narratives%3A+Scenes%2C+People%2C+and+Theology&rft.pages=75-78&rft.pub=B%26H+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8054-4843-6&rft.aulast=Wiarda&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turner613-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Turner613_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turner613_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Turner, David L. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/matthew0000turn"><i>Matthew</i></a>. Baker Academic. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/matthew0000turn/page/613">613</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8010-2684-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8010-2684-3">978-0-8010-2684-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Matthew&rft.pages=613&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8010-2684-3&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmatthew0000turn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MaryBrown-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MaryBrown_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brown, Raymond E. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ML1mnUBwmhcC&pg=PA163#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Mary in the New Testament</i></a>. Paulist Press. hlm. 163. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8091-2168-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8091-2168-7">978-0-8091-2168-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+in+the+New+Testament&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-8091-2168-7&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Raymond+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DML1mnUBwmhcC%26pg%3DPA163%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eusebius Pamphilius, <i>Church history, Life of Constantine</i> §VII.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. T. France, <i>The Gospel According to Matthew: An Introduction and Commentary</i> (Eerdmans, 1985) page 71-72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marcus J. Borg, John Dominic Crossan, The First Christmas (HarperCollins, 2009) page 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMillsBullard1998556-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMillsBullard1998556_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMillsBullard1998">Mills & Bullard 1998</a>, hlm. 556.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marsh37-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-marsh37_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marsh37_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marsh37_95-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Marsh, Clive; Moyise, Steve (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ecHpPzDLkhcC&pg=PA37#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Jesus and the Gospels</i></a>. Clark International. hlm. 37. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-567-04073-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-567-04073-2">978-0-567-04073-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+and+the+Gospels&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Clark+International&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-567-04073-2&rft.aulast=Marsh&rft.aufirst=Clive&rft.au=Moyise%2C+Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DecHpPzDLkhcC%26pg%3DPA37%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris199226-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris199226_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris 1992</a>, hlm. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jeffrey-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jeffrey_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeffrey_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeffrey_97-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jeffrey, David L. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=7R0IGTSvIVIC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>A Dictionary of biblical tradition in English literature</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. 538–540. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-85244-224-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-85244-224-1">978-0-85244-224-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+biblical+tradition+in+English+literature&rft.pages=538-540&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-85244-224-1&rft.aulast=Jeffrey&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D7R0IGTSvIVIC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxEasley200730–37-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley200730–37_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoxEasley2007">Cox & Easley 2007</a>, hlm. 30–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brownrigg, Ronald (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whoswhonewtestam00brow"><i>Who's Who in the New Testament</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whoswhonewtestam00brow/page/96">96</a>–100. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-26036-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-415-26036-7">978-0-415-26036-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who+in+the+New+Testament&rft.pages=96-100&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-26036-7&rft.aulast=Brownrigg&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhoswhonewtestam00brow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Virgin Birth of Christ." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985275-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985275_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris1985">Harris 1985</a>, hlm. 275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Talbert-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Talbert_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Talbert_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Talbert, Charles H. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=tbmoR2j0-sgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Matthew</i></a>. Baker Academic. hlm. 29–30. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8010-3192-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8010-3192-2">978-0-8010-3192-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Matthew&rft.pages=29-30&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8010-3192-2&rft.aulast=Talbert&rft.aufirst=Charles+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DtbmoR2j0-sgC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985272–285-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985272–285_103-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985272–285_103-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985272–285_103-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris1985">Harris 1985</a>, hlm. 272–285.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSchnackenburg2002" class="citation book">Schnackenburg, Rudolf (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pvR39Z9O01kC&pg=PA9#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Gospel of Matthew</i></a>. Wm.B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. 9–11. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-4438-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-4438-5">978-0-8028-4438-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+Matthew&rft.pages=9-11&rft.pub=Wm.B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4438-5&rft.aulast=Schnackenburg&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpvR39Z9O01kC%26pg%3DPA9%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Perrotta, Louise B. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/saintjosephhisli0000perr"><i>Saint Joseph: His Life and His Role in the Church Today</i></a>. Our Sunday Visitor Publishing. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/saintjosephhisli0000perr/page/21">21</a>, 110–112. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-87973-573-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-87973-573-9">978-0-87973-573-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+Joseph%3A+His+Life+and+His+Role+in+the+Church+Today&rft.pages=21%2C+110-112&rft.pub=Our+Sunday+Visitor+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-87973-573-9&rft.aulast=Perrotta&rft.aufirst=Louise+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsaintjosephhisli0000perr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aslan2013-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aslan2013_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Reza_Aslan" title="Reza Aslan">Aslan, Reza</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso0000asla"><i>Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth</i></a>. Random House. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/zealotlifetimeso0000asla/page/n756">756</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zealot%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+Jesus+of+Nazareth&rft.pages=756&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Aslan&rft.aufirst=Reza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fzealotlifetimeso0000asla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Josephus (2012). <i>Antiquities of the Jews</i>. Acheron Press. hlm. 21247.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antiquities+of+the+Jews&rft.pages=21247&rft.pub=Acheron+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Josephus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985270–272-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985270–272_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985270–272_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985270–272_108-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985270–272_108-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985270–272_108-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris1985">Harris 1985</a>, hlm. 270–272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Liddell, Henry G.; Scott, Robert (1889). <i>An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon: The Seventh Edition of Liddell and Scott's Greek–English Lexicon</i>. Clarendon Press. hlm. 797.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Intermediate+Greek%E2%80%93English+Lexicon%3A+The+Seventh+Edition+of+Liddell+and+Scott%27s+Greek%E2%80%93English+Lexicon&rft.pages=797&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1889&rft.aulast=Liddell&rft.aufirst=Henry+G.&rft.au=Scott%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDickson200868–69-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDickson200868–69_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDickson2008">Dickson 2008</a>, hlm. 68–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-literacy-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-literacy_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Evans, Craig A. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA14#v=onepage&q&f=false">"Context, family and formation"</a>. Dalam Bockmuehl, Markus N. A. <i>Cambridge companion to Jesus</i>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 14, 21. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-79678-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-79678-1">978-0-521-79678-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Context%2C+family+and+formation&rft.btitle=Cambridge+companion+to+Jesus&rft.pages=14%2C+21&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-521-79678-1&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Craig+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvSehrtQpcYcC%26pg%3DPA14%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009224–229-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009224–229_112-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009224–229_112-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009224–229_112-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlomberg2009">Blomberg 2009</a>, hlm. 224–229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009141–143-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009141–143_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009">Köstenberger, Kellum & Quarles 2009</a>, hlm. 141–143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGrath200616–22-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGrath200616–22_114-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGrath200616–22_114-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcGrath2006">McGrath 2006</a>, hlm. 16–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EerRoger-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EerRoger_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dunn, James D.G.; Rogerson, John W. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eerdmanscommenta0000unse"><i>Eerdmans commentary on the Bible</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eerdmanscommenta0000unse/page/1010">1010</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-3711-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-3711-0">978-0-8028-3711-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+commentary+on+the+Bible&rft.pages=1010&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=James+D.G.&rft.au=Rogerson%2C+John+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feerdmanscommenta0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zanzig-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zanzig_116-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zanzig_116-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Zanzig, Thomas (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QMyiWpV-dx8C&lpg=PA118&pg=PA118#v=onepage&q=118%20%22the%20Baptist%22&f=false"><i>Jesus of history, Christ of faith</i></a>. Saint Mary's Press. hlm. 118. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-88489-530-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-88489-530-5">978-0-88489-530-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+of+history%2C+Christ+of+faith&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Saint+Mary%27s+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-88489-530-5&rft.aulast=Zanzig&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQMyiWpV-dx8C%26lpg%3DPA118%26pg%3DPA118%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D118%2520%2522the%2520Baptist%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200421–30-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200421–30_117-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200421–30_117-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200421–30_117-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200421–30_117-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLee2004">Lee 2004</a>, hlm. 21–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nobbs-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nobbs_118-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nobbs_118-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nobbs_118-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Harding, Mark; Nobbs, Alanna (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/contentsettingof0000unse"><i>The Content and the Setting of the Gospel Tradition</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/contentsettingof0000unse/page/281">281</a>–282. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-3318-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-3318-1">978-0-8028-3318-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Content+and+the+Setting+of+the+Gospel+Tradition&rft.pages=281-282&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-3318-1&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Nobbs%2C+Alanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcontentsettingof0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sheen, Fulton J. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KyqQKohpVR4C&pg=PA65#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Life of Christ</i></a>. Random House. hlm. 65. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-385-52699-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-385-52699-9">978-0-385-52699-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+Christ&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-385-52699-9&rft.aulast=Sheen&rft.aufirst=Fulton+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKyqQKohpVR4C%26pg%3DPA65%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODCC_Jesus_Christ-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_Jesus_Christ_120-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_Jesus_Christ_120-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_Jesus_Christ_120-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_Jesus_Christ_120-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_Jesus_Christ_120-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Jesus Christ." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoringCraddock2004[https://books.google.com/books?id=N0tLXRIiIe0C&lpg=PA292&pg=PA292#v=onepage&q=%22the%20baptist%22&f=false_292]-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoringCraddock2004[https://books.google.com/books?id=N0tLXRIiIe0C&lpg=PA292&pg=PA292#v=onepage&q=%2522the%2520baptist%2522&f=false_292]_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoringCraddock2004">Boring & Craddock 2004</a>, hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N0tLXRIiIe0C&lpg=PA292&pg=PA292#v=onepage&q=%22the%20baptist%22&f=false">292</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985285–296-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985285–296_122-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985285–296_122-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985285–296_122-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985285–296_122-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985285–296_122-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris1985">Harris 1985</a>, hlm. 285–296.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford2007117–130-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford2007117–130_123-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford2007117–130_123-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedford2007">Redford 2007</a>, hlm. 117–130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Vaught, Carl G. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sermononmountthe0000vaug"><i>The Sermon on the mount: a theological investigation</i></a>. Baylor University Press. hlm. xi–xiv. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-918954-76-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-918954-76-3">978-0-918954-76-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sermon+on+the+mount%3A+a+theological+investigation&rft.pages=xi-xiv&rft.pub=Baylor+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-918954-76-3&rft.aulast=Vaught&rft.aufirst=Carl+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsermononmountthe0000vaug&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford2007143–160-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford2007143–160_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedford2007">Redford 2007</a>, hlm. 143–160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Nash, Henry S. (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=js5-eDk13TcC&pg=PA493#v=onepage&q&f=false">"Transfiguration, The"</a>. Dalam Jackson, Samuel M. <i>The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Thought: Son of Man-Tremellius V11</i>. Funk & Wagnalls Company. hlm. 493. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4286-3189-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4286-3189-2">978-1-4286-3189-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Transfiguration%2C+The&rft.btitle=The+New+Schaff-Herzog+Encyclopedia+of+Religious+Thought%3A+Son+of+Man-Tremellius+V11&rft.pages=493&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls+Company&rft.date=1909&rft.isbn=978-1-4286-3189-2&rft.aulast=Nash&rft.aufirst=Henry+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Djs5-eDk13TcC%26pg%3DPA493%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barton132-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barton132_127-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barton132_127-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barton132_127-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barton132_127-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Barton, Stephen C. <i>The Cambridge companion to the Gospels</i>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 132–133. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-80766-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-80766-1">978-0-521-80766-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+companion+to+the+Gospels&rft.pages=132-133&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-521-80766-1&rft.aulast=Barton&rft.aufirst=Stephen+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007137-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007137_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoxEasley2007">Cox & Easley 2007</a>, hlm. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford2007211–229-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford2007211–229_129-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedford2007">Redford 2007</a>, hlm. 211–229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007155–170-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007155–170_130-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007155–170_130-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007155–170_130-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007155–170_130-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007155–170_130-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007155–170_130-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoxEasley2007">Cox & Easley 2007</a>, hlm. 155–170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford2007257–274-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford2007257–274_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedford2007">Redford 2007</a>, hlm. 257–274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown198825–27-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown198825–27_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1988">Brown 1988</a>, hlm. 25–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoringCraddock2004292–293-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoringCraddock2004292–293_133-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoringCraddock2004">Boring & Craddock 2004</a>, hlm. 292–293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Patella, Michael F. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sdooTRyPMCwC&pg=PA255#v=onepage&q&f=false">"The Gospel According to Luke"</a>. Dalam Durken, Daniel. <i>New Collegeville Bible Commentary: New Testament</i>. Liturgical Press. hlm. 255. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8146-3260-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8146-3260-4">978-0-8146-3260-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Gospel+According+to+Luke&rft.btitle=New+Collegeville+Bible+Commentary%3A+New+Testament&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-3260-4&rft.aulast=Patella&rft.aufirst=Michael+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsdooTRyPMCwC%26pg%3DPA255%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODCCKingdomOfGod-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODCCKingdomOfGod_135-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCCKingdomOfGod_135-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Kingdom of God." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Jesus himself apparently anticipated the arrival of a heavenly figure whom he called "the Son of Man," who would come on clouds of glory and gather the elect.' Sanders, E. P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/303091/Jesus-Christ/">"Jesus Christ."</a> Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Retrieved 29 Dec 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Stassen, Glen H.; Gushee, David P. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LlMVrmA-b-4C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Kingdom Ethics: Following Jesus in Contemporary Context</i></a>. InterVarsity Press. hlm. 102–103, 138–140, 197–198, 295–298. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8308-2668-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8308-2668-1">978-0-8308-2668-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kingdom+Ethics%3A+Following+Jesus+in+Contemporary+Context&rft.pages=102-103%2C+138-140%2C+197-198%2C+295-298&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-2668-1&rft.aulast=Stassen&rft.aufirst=Glen+H.&rft.au=Gushee%2C+David+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLlMVrmA-b-4C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated98-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated98_138-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated98_138-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Osborn, Eric F. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/emergencechristi00osbo_404"><i>The emergence of Christian theology</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/emergencechristi00osbo_404/page/n115">98</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-43078-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-43078-4">978-0-521-43078-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+emergence+of+Christian+theology&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-43078-4&rft.aulast=Osborn&rft.aufirst=Eric+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Femergencechristi00osbo_404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Köstenberger, Andreas J. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/missionsofjesusd0000kost"><i>The missions of Jesus and the disciples according to the Fourth Gospel</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/missionsofjesusd0000kost/page/108">108</a>–109. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-4255-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-4255-8">978-0-8028-4255-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+missions+of+Jesus+and+the+disciples+according+to+the+Fourth+Gospel&rft.pages=108-109&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4255-8&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6stenberger&rft.aufirst=Andreas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmissionsofjesusd0000kost&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pentecost, J. Dwight (1998). <i>The parables of Jesus: lessons in life from the Master Teacher</i>. Kregel Publications. hlm. 10. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8254-9715-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8254-9715-5">978-0-8254-9715-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+parables+of+Jesus%3A+lessons+in+life+from+the+Master+Teacher&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Kregel+Publications&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8254-9715-5&rft.aulast=Pentecost&rft.aufirst=J.+Dwight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Howick, E. Keith (2003). <i>The Sermons of Jesus the Messiah</i>. WindRiver Publishing. hlm. 7–9. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-886249-02-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-886249-02-8">978-1-886249-02-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sermons+of+Jesus+the+Messiah&rft.pages=7-9&rft.pub=WindRiver+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-886249-02-8&rft.aulast=Howick&rft.aufirst=E.+Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lisco, Friedrich G. (1850). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OoIuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA9#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Parables of Jesus</i></a>. Daniels and Smith Publishers. hlm. 9–11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Parables+of+Jesus&rft.pages=9-11&rft.pub=Daniels+and+Smith+Publishers&rft.date=1850&rft.aulast=Lisco&rft.aufirst=Friedrich+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOoIuAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA9%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Oxenden, Ashton (1864). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5bUCAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA6#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The parables of our Lord?</i></a>. William Macintosh Publishers. hlm. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+parables+of+our+Lord%3F&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=William+Macintosh+Publishers&rft.date=1864&rft.aulast=Oxenden&rft.aufirst=Ashton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5bUCAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA6%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Blomberg, Craig L. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dPdANFaNgagC&pg=448#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Interpreting the Parables</i></a>. InterVarsity Press. hlm. 448. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8308-3967-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8308-3967-4">978-0-8308-3967-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interpreting+the+Parables&rft.pages=448&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-3967-4&rft.aulast=Blomberg&rft.aufirst=Craig+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdPdANFaNgagC%26pg%3D448%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Boucher, Madeleine I. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/jesus/parables.html">"The Parables"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Parables&rft.pub=BBC&rft.aulast=Boucher&rft.aufirst=Madeleine+I.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Fshows%2Freligion%2Fjesus%2Fparables.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenMcKnightMarshall1992299-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenMcKnightMarshall1992299_146-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreenMcKnightMarshall1992">Green, McKnight & Marshall 1992</a>, hlm. 299.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwelftree1999350-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwelftree1999350_147-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwelftree1999">Twelftree 1999</a>, hlm. 350.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenMcKnightMarshall1992300-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenMcKnightMarshall1992300_148-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreenMcKnightMarshall1992">Green, McKnight & Marshall 1992</a>, hlm. 300.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hindson, Edward E.; Mitchell, Daniel R. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Js9nFESO0VAC&pg=PA100#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Zondervan King James Version Commentary: New Testament</i></a>. Zondervan. hlm. 100. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-310-25150-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-310-25150-7">978-0-310-25150-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zondervan+King+James+Version+Commentary%3A+New+Testament&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-310-25150-7&rft.aulast=Hindson&rft.aufirst=Edward+E.&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Daniel+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJs9nFESO0VAC%26pg%3DPA100%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sign-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sign_150-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sign_150-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Achtemeier, Paul J.; Green, Joel B.; Thompson, Marianne M. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GP2VY68mp7AC&pg=PA198#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Introducing the New Testament: Its Literature and Theology</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. 198. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-3717-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-3717-2">978-0-8028-3717-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introducing+the+New+Testament%3A+Its+Literature+and+Theology&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-3717-2&rft.aulast=Achtemeier&rft.aufirst=Paul+J.&rft.au=Green%2C+Joel+B.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Marianne+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGP2VY68mp7AC%26pg%3DPA198%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ehrman, Bart D. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QDiT3ytZ8FEC&pg=PA84#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Jesus, Interrupted: Revealing the Hidden Contradictions in the Bible (And Why We Don't Know About Them)</i></a>. HarperCollins. hlm. 84. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-06-186328-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-06-186328-8">978-0-06-186328-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus%2C+Interrupted%3A+Revealing+the+Hidden+Contradictions+in+the+Bible+%28And+Why+We+Don%27t+Know+About+Them%29&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-06-186328-8&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQDiT3ytZ8FEC%26pg%3DPA84%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwelftree1999236-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwelftree1999236_152-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwelftree1999">Twelftree 1999</a>, hlm. 236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">van der Loos, Hendrik (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n4geAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA197#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Miracles Of Jesus</i></a>. Brill. hlm. 197.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Miracles+Of+Jesus&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=van+der+Loos&rft.aufirst=Hendrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn4geAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA197%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WPent212-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WPent212_154-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pentecost, J. Dwight (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bh3M_AfgXZAC&pg=PA212#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The words and works of Jesus Christ</i></a>. Zondervan. hlm. 212. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-310-30940-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-310-30940-6">978-0-310-30940-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+words+and+works+of+Jesus+Christ&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-310-30940-6&rft.aulast=Pentecost&rft.aufirst=J.+Dwight&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbh3M_AfgXZAC%26pg%3DPA212%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwelftree199995-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwelftree199995_155-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTwelftree1999">Twelftree 1999</a>, hlm. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonahueHarrington2002182-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonahueHarrington2002182_156-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonahueHarrington2002">Donahue & Harrington 2002</a>, hlm. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lockyer, Herbert (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/allmiraclesofbib0000lock"><i>All the Miracles of the Bible</i></a>. Zondervan. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/allmiraclesofbib0000lock/page/235">235</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-310-28101-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-310-28101-6">978-0-310-28101-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+the+Miracles+of+the+Bible&rft.pages=235&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-310-28101-6&rft.aulast=Lockyer&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fallmiraclesofbib0000lock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KingsburyMark-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KingsburyMark_158-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kingsbury, Jack D. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/christologyofmar0000king"><i>The Christology of Mark's Gospel</i></a>. Fortress Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/christologyofmar0000king/page/91">91</a>–95. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4514-1007-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4514-1007-5">978-1-4514-1007-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Christology+of+Mark%27s+Gospel&rft.pages=91-95&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-1-4514-1007-5&rft.aulast=Kingsbury&rft.aufirst=Jack+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchristologyofmar0000king&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karris-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Karris_159-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Karris, Robert J. (1992). <i>The Collegeville Bible Commentary: New Testament</i>. Liturgical Press. hlm. 885–886. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8146-2211-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8146-2211-7">978-0-8146-2211-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Collegeville+Bible+Commentary%3A+New+Testament&rft.pages=885-886&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-2211-7&rft.aulast=Karris&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kingsbury, Jack D.; Powell, Mark A.; Bauer, David R. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whodoyousaythati0000unse_i0j9"><i>Who do you say that I am? Essays on Christology</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. hlm. xvi. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-664-25752-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-664-25752-1">978-0-664-25752-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+do+you+say+that+I+am%3F+Essays+on+Christology&rft.pages=xvi&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-664-25752-1&rft.aulast=Kingsbury&rft.aufirst=Jack+D.&rft.au=Powell%2C+Mark+A.&rft.au=Bauer%2C+David+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhodoyousaythati0000unse_i0j9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonahueHarrington2002336-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonahueHarrington2002336_161-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonahueHarrington2002">Donahue & Harrington 2002</a>, hlm. 336.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OneTeacher-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OneTeacher_162-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Yieh, John Y. H. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=g0-NaraCrAoC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>One teacher: Jesus' teaching role in Matthew's gospel</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. hlm. 240–241. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-11-018151-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-11-018151-7">978-3-11-018151-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+teacher%3A+Jesus%27+teaching+role+in+Matthew%27s+gospel&rft.pages=240-241&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-3-11-018151-7&rft.aulast=Yieh&rft.aufirst=John+Y.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dg0-NaraCrAoC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPannenberg196853–54-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPannenberg196853–54_163-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPannenberg1968">Pannenberg 1968</a>, hlm. 53–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee200472–76-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee200472–76_164-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLee2004">Lee 2004</a>, hlm. 72–76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">May, Herbert G. and Bruce M. Metzger. The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha. 1977. p. 1481.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoringCraddock2004256–258-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoringCraddock2004256–258_166-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoringCraddock2004256–258_166-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoringCraddock2004">Boring & Craddock 2004</a>, hlm. 256–258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMajerníkPonessaManhardt2005133–134-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMajerníkPonessaManhardt2005133–134_167-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMajerníkPonessaManhardt2005">Majerník, Ponessa & Manhardt 2005</a>, hlm. 133–134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003381–395-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003381–395_168-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003381–395_168-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2003">Evans 2003</a>, hlm. 381–395.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lockyer106-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lockyer106_169-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lockyer, Herbert (1988). <i>All the Apostles of the Bible</i>. Zondervan. hlm. 106–111. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-310-28011-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-310-28011-8">978-0-310-28011-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+the+Apostles+of+the+Bible&rft.pages=106-111&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-310-28011-8&rft.aulast=Lockyer&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hayes, Doremus A. (2009). <i>The Synoptic Gospels and the Book of Acts</i>. HardPress. hlm. 88. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-313-53490-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-313-53490-1">978-1-313-53490-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Synoptic+Gospels+and+the+Book+of+Acts&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=HardPress&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-313-53490-1&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Doremus+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5GJohn-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5GJohn_171-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Funk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert W. Funk (halaman belum tersedia)">Funk, Robert W.</a>, Roy W. Hoover, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus_Seminar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jesus Seminar (halaman belum tersedia)">Jesus Seminar</a>. <i>The five gospels.</i> HarperSanFrancisco. 1993. "John" p. 401–470</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007180–191-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007180–191_172-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoxEasley2007">Cox & Easley 2007</a>, hlm. 180–191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007182-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007182_173-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007182_173-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoxEasley2007">Cox & Easley 2007</a>, hlm. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cross, F. L.; Livingstone, E. A. (2005). "Eucharist". <i>Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-280290-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-280290-3">978-0-19-280290-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Eucharist&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280290-3&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=F.+L.&rft.au=Livingstone%2C+E.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Pohle, Joseph (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/The_Blessed_Eucharist_as_a_Sacrament" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/The Blessed Eucharist as a Sacrament">The Blessed Eucharist as a Sacrament</a>". Dalam Herbermann, Charles. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Blessed+Eucharist+as+a+Sacrament&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Pohle&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreedman2000792-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedman2000792_176-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreedman2000">Freedman 2000</a>, hlm. 792.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Denial-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Denial_177-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Denial_177-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Perkins, Pheme (2000). <i>Peter: apostle for the whole church</i>. Fortress Press. hlm. 85. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4514-1598-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4514-1598-8">978-1-4514-1598-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peter%3A+apostle+for+the+whole+church&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-4514-1598-8&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Pheme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lange, Johann P. (1865). <i>The Gospel according to Matthew, Volume 1</i>. Charles Scribner Co. hlm. 499.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+according+to+Matthew%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=499&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner+Co&rft.date=1865&rft.aulast=Lange&rft.aufirst=Johann+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalvoordZuck198383–85-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalvoordZuck198383–85_179-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalvoordZuck198383–85_179-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalvoordZuck198383–85_179-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalvoordZuck198383–85_179-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalvoordZuck198383–85_179-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalvoordZuck198383–85_179-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalvoordZuck1983">Walvoord & Zuck 1983</a>, hlm. 83–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gail142-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gail142_180-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">O'Day, Gail R.; Hylen, Susan (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/john0000oday"><i>John</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/john0000oday/page/142">142</a>–168. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-664-25260-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-664-25260-1">978-0-664-25260-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John&rft.pages=142-168&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-664-25260-1&rft.aulast=O%27Day&rft.aufirst=Gail+R.&rft.au=Hylen%2C+Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjohn0000oday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herman546-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Herman546_181-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ridderbos, Herman (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gospelaccordingt0000ridd"><i>The Gospel according to John</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gospelaccordingt0000ridd/page/546">546</a>–576. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-0453-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-0453-2">978-0-8028-0453-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+according+to+John&rft.pages=546-576&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-0453-2&rft.aulast=Ridderbos&rft.aufirst=Herman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgospelaccordingt0000ridd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODCC_Jesus-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_Jesus_182-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_Jesus_182-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Jesus." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown1997146-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown1997146_183-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1997">Brown 1997</a>, hlm. 146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yklDk6Vv0l4C&pg=PA1050#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: E–J</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. 1050–1052. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-3782-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-3782-0">978-0-8028-3782-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Standard+Bible+Encyclopedia%3A+E%E2%80%93J&rft.pages=1050-1052&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-3782-0&rft.aulast=Bromiley&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyklDk6Vv0l4C%26pg%3DPA1050%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003487–500-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003487–500_185-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003487–500_185-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003487–500_185-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003487–500_185-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2003">Evans 2003</a>, hlm. 487–500.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009396–400-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009396–400_186-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009396–400_186-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009396–400_186-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlomberg2009">Blomberg 2009</a>, hlm. 396–400.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holman608-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holman608_187-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holman608_187-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holman608_187-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holman608_187-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holman608_187-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><i>Holman Concise Bible Dictionary</i>. B&H Publishing Group. 2011. hlm. 608–609. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8054-9548-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8054-9548-5">978-0-8054-9548-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holman+Concise+Bible+Dictionary&rft.pages=608-609&rft.pub=B%26H+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8054-9548-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003495-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003495_188-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2003">Evans 2003</a>, hlm. 495.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009396–398-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009396–398_189-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlomberg2009">Blomberg 2009</a>, hlm. 396–398.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">O'Toole, Robert F. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lukespresentatio0000otoo"><i>Luke's presentation of Jesus: a christology</i></a>. Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblico. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lukespresentatio0000otoo/page/166">166</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-88-7653-625-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-88-7653-625-0">978-88-7653-625-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luke%27s+presentation+of+Jesus%3A+a+christology&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Editrice+Pontificio+Istituto+Biblico&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-88-7653-625-0&rft.aulast=O%27Toole&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flukespresentatio0000otoo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ActJMark-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ActJMark_191-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Funk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert W. Funk (halaman belum tersedia)">Funk, Robert W.</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus_Seminar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jesus Seminar (halaman belum tersedia)">Jesus Seminar</a>. <i>The acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus.</i> HarperSanFrancisco. 1998. "Mark," p. 51-161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Elowsky, Joel C. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.id/books?id=VQ4kVJYEKfwC"><i>John 11-21</i></a>. Volume 4, Part 2 of Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture. InterVarsity Press. hlm. 303. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780830810994" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780830810994">9780830810994</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+11-21&rft.pages=303&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780830810994&rft.aulast=Elowsky&rft.aufirst=Joel+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.id%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVQ4kVJYEKfwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Binz, Stephen J. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/namesofjesus0000binz"><i>The Names of Jesus</i></a>. Twenty-Third Publications. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/namesofjesus0000binz/page/81">81</a>–82. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58595-315-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58595-315-8">978-1-58595-315-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Names+of+Jesus&rft.pages=81-82&rft.pub=Twenty-Third+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-58595-315-8&rft.aulast=Binz&rft.aufirst=Stephen+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnamesofjesus0000binz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ironside, H. A. (2006). <i>John</i>. Kregel Academic. hlm. 454. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8254-9619-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8254-9619-6">978-0-8254-9619-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John&rft.pages=454&rft.pub=Kregel+Academic&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8254-9619-6&rft.aulast=Ironside&rft.aufirst=H.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENiswonger1992172-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiswonger1992172_195-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiswonger1992172_195-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNiswonger1992">Niswonger 1992</a>, hlm. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMajerníkPonessaManhardt2005181-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMajerníkPonessaManhardt2005181_196-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMajerníkPonessaManhardt2005">Majerník, Ponessa & Manhardt 2005</a>, hlm. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarter2003120–121-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarter2003120–121_197-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarter2003120–121_197-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarter2003">Carter 2003</a>, hlm. 120–121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009400–401-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009400–401_198-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlomberg2009">Blomberg 2009</a>, hlm. 400–401.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown198893-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown198893_199-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1988">Brown 1988</a>, hlm. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Senior-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Senior_200-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Senior, Donald (1985). <i>The Passion of Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew</i>. Liturgical Press. hlm. 124. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8146-5460-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8146-5460-6">978-0-8146-5460-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Passion+of+Jesus+in+the+Gospel+of+Matthew&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5460-6&rft.aulast=Senior&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009402-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009402_201-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlomberg2009">Blomberg 2009</a>, hlm. 402.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520_202-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520_202-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520_202-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520_202-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520_202-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520_202-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003509–520_202-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2003">Evans 2003</a>, hlm. 509–520.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009211–214-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009211–214_203-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009211–214_203-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009">Köstenberger, Kellum & Quarles 2009</a>, hlm. 211–214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoninger1999271-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoninger1999271_204-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoninger1999">Doninger 1999</a>, hlm. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoninger1999[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZP_f9icf2roC&pg=PA271#v=onepage&q=%22already%20dead%22%20%22blood%20and%20water%22&f=false_271]-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoninger1999[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZP_f9icf2roC&pg=PA271#v=onepage&q=%2522already%2520dead%2522%2520%2522blood%2520and%2520water%2522&f=false_271]_205-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoninger1999">Doninger 1999</a>, hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZP_f9icf2roC&pg=PA271#v=onepage&q=%22already%20dead%22%20%22blood%20and%20water%22&f=false">271</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009213–214-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009213–214_206-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009">Köstenberger, Kellum & Quarles 2009</a>, hlm. 213–214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1992727-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1992727_207-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1992">Morris 1992</a>, hlm. 727.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985308–309-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985308–309_208-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985308–309_208-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985308–309_208-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985308–309_208-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris1985">Harris 1985</a>, hlm. 308–309.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985297–301-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985297–301_209-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris1985">Harris 1985</a>, hlm. 297–301.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007216–226-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxEasley2007216–226_210-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoxEasley2007">Cox & Easley 2007</a>, hlm. 216–226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Frederick F., Bruce (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=2lN0ibbLOHEC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i><span></span></i>The Acts of the Apostles<i><span></span></i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. 210. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-0966-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-0966-7">978-0-8028-0966-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Acts+of+the+Apostles&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-0966-7&rft.aulast=Frederick+F.&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D2lN0ibbLOHEC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HarringtonActs-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HarringtonActs_212-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HarringtonActs_212-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Johnson, Luke T.; Harrington, Daniel J. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/actsofapostles0000john"><i>The Acts of the Apostles</i></a>. Liturgical Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/actsofapostles0000john/page/164">164</a>–167. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8146-5807-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8146-5807-9">978-0-8146-5807-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Acts+of+the+Apostles&rft.pages=164-167&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5807-9&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Luke+T.&rft.au=Harrington%2C+Daniel+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Factsofapostles0000john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Van den Biesen, Christian (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Apocalypse" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Apocalypse">Apocalypse</a>". Dalam Herbermann, Charles. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Apocalypse&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Van+den+Biesen&rft.aufirst=Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine20065-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20065_214-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevine2006">Levine 2006</a>, hlm. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitherington19979–13-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitherington19979–13_215-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWitherington1997">Witherington 1997</a>, hlm. 9–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell199819–23-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell199819–23_216-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPowell1998">Powell 1998</a>, hlm. 19–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In a 2011 review of the state of modern scholarship, <a href="/wiki/Bart_Ehrman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bart Ehrman">Bart Ehrman</a> (who is a secular agnostic) wrote: "He certainly existed, as virtually every competent scholar of antiquity, Christian or non-Christian, agrees" B. Ehrman, 2011 <i>Forged : writing in the name of God</i> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780062078636" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-06-207863-6</a>. page 285</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Grant_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Grant (author) (halaman belum tersedia)">Michael Grant</a> (a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Classicist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Classicist (halaman belum tersedia)">classicist</a>) states that "In recent years, 'no serious scholar has ventured to postulate the non historicity of Jesus' or at any rate very few, and they have not succeeded in disposing of the much stronger, indeed very abundant, evidence to the contrary." in <i>Jesus: An Historian's Review of the Gospels</i> by Michael Grant 2004 <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1898799881" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-898799-88-1</a> page 200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amy-Jill_Levine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amy-Jill Levine (halaman belum tersedia)">Amy-Jill Levine</a> in <i>The Historical Jesus in Context</i> edited by Amy-Jill Levine et al. Princeton University Press <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780691009926" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-691-00992-6</a> page 4: "There is a consensus of sorts on a basic outline of Jesus' life. Most scholars agree that Jesus was baptized by John, debated with fellow Jews on how best to live according to God's will, engaged in healings and exorcisms, taught in parables, gathered male and female followers in Galilee, went to Jerusalem, and was crucified by Roman soldiers during the governorship of Pontius Pilate"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Quest for the Plausible Jesus: The Question of Criteria</i> by Gerd Theissen and Dagmar Winter (Aug 30, 2002) <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0664225373" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-664-22537-3</a> page 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jesus Research: An International Perspective (Princeton-Prague Symposia Series on the Historical Jesus)</i> by James H. Charlesworth and Petr Pokorny (Sep 15, 2009) <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0802863531" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8028-6353-1</a> pages 1-2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Keener, Craig S. (2012). <i>The Historical Jesus of the Gospels</i>. William B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. 163. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-6292-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-6292-1">978-0-8028-6292-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Jesus+of+the+Gospels&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-6292-1&rft.aulast=Keener&rft.aufirst=Craig+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChiltonEvans199827-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChiltonEvans199827_223-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChiltonEvans199827_223-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChiltonEvans1998">Chilton & Evans 1998</a>, hlm. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans20124–5-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans20124–5_224-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2012">Evans 2012</a>, hlm. 4–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Borg, Marcus J. (1994). <i>Jesus in Contemporary Scholarship</i>. Continuum. hlm. 4–6. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-56338-094-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-56338-094-5">978-1-56338-094-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+in+Contemporary+Scholarship&rft.pages=4-6&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-56338-094-5&rft.aulast=Borg&rft.aufirst=Marcus+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenWinter2002142–143-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenWinter2002142–143_226-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTheissenWinter2002">Theissen & Winter 2002</a>, hlm. 142–143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Anderson, Paul N.; Just, Felix; Thatcher, Tom (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=ryybidJYMAQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>John, Jesus, and History, Volume 1: Critical Appraisals of Critical Views</i></a>. Society of Biblical Lit. hlm. 131. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58983-293-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58983-293-0">978-1-58983-293-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John%2C+Jesus%2C+and+History%2C+Volume+1%3A+Critical+Appraisals+of+Critical+Views&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Lit&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-58983-293-0&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Paul+N.&rft.au=Just%2C+Felix&rft.au=Thatcher%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DryybidJYMAQC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeier2006124-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeier2006124_228-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeier2006">Meier 2006</a>, hlm. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica150916-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica150916_229-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanders, E.P. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/biography/Jesus-Christ">Jesus Christ</a>." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Retrieved September 16, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009431–436-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009431–436_230-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlomberg2009431–436_230-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlomberg2009">Blomberg 2009</a>, hlm. 431–436.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris1985263-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985263_231-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985263_231-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris1985263_231-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris1985">Harris 1985</a>, hlm. 263.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERausch200336–37-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERausch200336–37_232-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRausch2003">Rausch 2003</a>, hlm. 36–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Anderson, Paul N.; Just, Felix; Thatcher, Tom (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ryybidJYMAQC&pg=PA291#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>John, Jesus, and History, Volume 2</i></a>. Society of Biblical Lit. hlm. 291. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58983-293-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58983-293-0">978-1-58983-293-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John%2C+Jesus%2C+and+History%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=291&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Lit&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-58983-293-0&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Paul+N.&rft.au=Just%2C+Felix&rft.au=Thatcher%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DryybidJYMAQC%26pg%3DPA291%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Anderson, Paul N.; Just, Felix; Thatcher, Tom (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ryybidJYMAQC&pg=PA291#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>John, Jesus, and History, Volume 2</i></a>. Society of Biblical Lit. hlm. 292. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58983-293-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58983-293-0">978-1-58983-293-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John%2C+Jesus%2C+and+History%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=292&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Lit&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-58983-293-0&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Paul+N.&rft.au=Just%2C+Felix&rft.au=Thatcher%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DryybidJYMAQC%26pg%3DPA291%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5GThomas-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-5GThomas_235-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-5GThomas_235-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Funk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert W. Funk (halaman belum tersedia)">Funk, Robert W.</a>, Roy W. Hoover, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus_Seminar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jesus Seminar (halaman belum tersedia)">Jesus Seminar</a>. <i>The five gospels.</i> HarperSanFrancisco. 1993. "The Gospel of Thomas," p 471-532.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Tuckett, Christopher (2001). "Sources and methods". Dalam Bockmuehl, Markus N. A. <i>Cambridge Companion to Jesus</i>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 123–4. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-79678-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-79678-1">978-0-521-79678-1</a>. <q>All this does at least render highly implausible any far-fetched theories that even Jesus’ very existence was a Christian invention. The fact that Jesus existed, that he was crucified under Pontius Pilate (for whatever reason) and that he had a band of followers who continued to support his cause, seems to be part of the bedrock of historical tradition. If nothing else, the non-Christian evidence can provide us with certainty on that score.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sources+and+methods&rft.btitle=Cambridge+Companion+to+Jesus&rft.pages=123-4&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-521-79678-1&rft.aulast=Tuckett&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Voorst200039–53-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Voorst200039–53_237-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Voorst2000">Van Voorst 2000</a>, hlm. 39–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Voorst200083-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Voorst200083_238-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Voorst2000">Van Voorst 2000</a>, hlm. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Maier, Paul L. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c2Tu1Yp3n0EC&pg=PA285#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Josephus, the essential works: a condensation of Jewish antiquities and The Jewish war</i></a>. hlm. 285. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8254-3260-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8254-3260-6">978-0-8254-3260-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Josephus%2C+the+essential+works%3A+a+condensation+of+Jewish+antiquities+and+The+Jewish+war&rft.pages=285&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8254-3260-6&rft.aulast=Maier&rft.aufirst=Paul+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc2Tu1Yp3n0EC%26pg%3DPA285%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Evans, Craig A. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DRcQ2bkLxc8C&pg=PA42#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Jesus and His Contemporaries: Comparative Studies</i></a>. Brill. hlm. 42. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-391-04118-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-391-04118-9">978-0-391-04118-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+and+His+Contemporaries%3A+Comparative+Studies&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-391-04118-9&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Craig+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDRcQ2bkLxc8C%26pg%3DPA42%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Tafonao, Talizaro (2020-04-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kt/article/view/8390">"Yesus Sebagai Guru Teladan dalam Masyarkat Berdasarkan Perspektif Injil Matius"</a>. <i>Khazanah Theologia</i>. <b>2</b> (1): 52–60. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15575%2Fkt.v2i1.8390">10.15575/kt.v2i1.8390</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2715-9701">2715-9701</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Khazanah+Theologia&rft.atitle=Yesus+Sebagai+Guru+Teladan+dalam+Masyarkat+Berdasarkan+Perspektif+Injil+Matius&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=52-60&rft.date=2020-04-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15575%2Fkt.v2i1.8390&rft.issn=2715-9701&rft.aulast=Tafonao&rft.aufirst=Talizaro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.uinsgd.ac.id%2Findex.php%2Fkt%2Farticle%2Fview%2F8390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998_242-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTheissenMerz1998">Theissen & Merz 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReed200218-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReed200218_243-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReed2002">Reed 2002</a>, hlm. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gowler-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gowler_244-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gowler_244-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gowler, David B. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whataretheysayin00gowl_961"><i>What are they saying about the historical Jesus?</i></a>. Paulist Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whataretheysayin00gowl_961/page/102">102</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8091-4445-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8091-4445-7">978-0-8091-4445-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+are+they+saying+about+the+historical+Jesus%3F&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8091-4445-7&rft.aulast=Gowler&rft.aufirst=David+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhataretheysayin00gowl_961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Charlesworth, James H., ed. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QoIS7VApH6cC&pg=PA127#v=onepage&q&f=false">"Jesus and Archaeology"</a>. <i>Jesus and archaeology</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. 127. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-4880-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-4880-2">978-0-8028-4880-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jesus+and+Archaeology&rft.btitle=Jesus+and+archaeology&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4880-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQoIS7VApH6cC%26pg%3DPA127%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009114-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009114_246-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009">Köstenberger, Kellum & Quarles 2009</a>, hlm. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaier1989124-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaier1989124_247-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaier1989">Maier 1989</a>, hlm. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine20064-248"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20064_248-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine20064_248-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevine2006">Levine 2006</a>, hlm. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaier1989115–118-249"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaier1989115–118_249-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaier1989">Maier 1989</a>, hlm. 115–118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENiswonger1992121–122-250"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiswonger1992121–122_250-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiswonger1992121–122_250-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNiswonger1992">Niswonger 1992</a>, hlm. 121–122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009137–138-251"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009137–138_251-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009">Köstenberger, Kellum & Quarles 2009</a>, hlm. 137–138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENiswonger1992122–124-252"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENiswonger1992122–124_252-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNiswonger1992">Niswonger 1992</a>, hlm. 122–124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vermes2006-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vermes2006_253-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vermes2006_253-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Vermes, Géza (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a9EiEU_Yz_kC&pg=PA81#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Nativity: History and Legend</i></a>. Random House Digital. hlm. 81–82. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-307-49918-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-307-49918-9">978-0-307-49918-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nativity%3A+History+and+Legend&rft.pages=81-82&rft.pub=Random+House+Digital&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-307-49918-9&rft.aulast=Vermes&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9za&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da9EiEU_Yz_kC%26pg%3DPA81%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003324-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2003324_254-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2003">Dunn 2003</a>, hlm. 324.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009140-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009140_256-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009140_256-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009">Köstenberger, Kellum & Quarles 2009</a>, hlm. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreedman2000249-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedman2000249_257-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedman2000249_257-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreedman2000">Freedman 2000</a>, hlm. 249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaier1989120–121-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaier1989120–121_258-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaier1989">Maier 1989</a>, hlm. 120–121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaier1989123-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaier1989123_259-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaier1989">Maier 1989</a>, hlm. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Evans, Craig (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wMbEyeDSQQgC&pg=PA55#v=onepage&q&f=false">"Josephus on John the Baptist"</a>. Dalam Levine, Amy-Jill; Allison, Dale C.; Crossan, John D. <i>The Historical Jesus in Context</i>. Princeton University Press. hlm. 55–58. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-691-00992-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-691-00992-6">978-0-691-00992-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Josephus+on+John+the+Baptist&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Jesus+in+Context&rft.pages=55-58&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-691-00992-6&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwMbEyeDSQQgC%26pg%3DPA55%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gillman, Florence M. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/herodiasathomein0000gill"><i>Herodias: at home in that fox's den</i></a>. Liturgical Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/herodiasathomein0000gill/page/25">25</a>–30. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8146-5108-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8146-5108-7">978-0-8146-5108-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Herodias%3A+at+home+in+that+fox%27s+den&rft.pages=25-30&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5108-7&rft.aulast=Gillman&rft.aufirst=Florence+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fherodiasathomein0000gill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009398-262"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009398_262-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009">Köstenberger, Kellum & Quarles 2009</a>, hlm. 398.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199881–83-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199881–83_263-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTheissenMerz1998">Theissen & Merz 1998</a>, hlm. 81–83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Green, Joel B. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=wzRVN2S8cVgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The gospel of Luke: New International Commentary on the New Testament Series</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. 168. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-2315-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-2315-1">978-0-8028-2315-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+gospel+of+Luke%3A+New+International+Commentary+on+the+New+Testament+Series&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2315-1&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Joel+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DwzRVN2S8cVgC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarter200344–45-265"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarter200344–45_265-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarter2003">Carter 2003</a>, hlm. 44–45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009398–400-266"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009398–400_266-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009">Köstenberger, Kellum & Quarles 2009</a>, hlm. 398–400.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Barnett, Paul (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NlFYY_iVt9cC&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Jesus & the Rise of Early Christianity: A History of New Testament Times</i></a>. InterVarsity Press. hlm. 21. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8308-2699-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8308-2699-5">978-0-8308-2699-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+%26+the+Rise+of+Early+Christianity%3A+A+History+of+New+Testament+Times&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-2699-5&rft.aulast=Barnett&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNlFYY_iVt9cC%26pg%3DPA21%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Pratt, J. P. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johnpratt.com/items/docs/newton.html">"Newton's Date for the Crucifixion"</a>. <i>Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. <b>32</b>: 301–304. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991QJRAS..32..301P">1991QJRAS..32..301P</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.atitle=Newton%27s+Date+for+the+Crucifixion&rft.volume=32&rft.pages=301-304&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1991QJRAS..32..301P&rft.aulast=Pratt&rft.aufirst=J.+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johnpratt.com%2Fitems%2Fdocs%2Fnewton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanders, E.P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/biography/Jesus-Christ#toc223005">Jesus Christ</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Retrieved September 20, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vermes_1981_283-270"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vermes_1981_283_270-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vermes_1981_283_270-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Vermes, Geza (1981). <i>Jesus the Jew: A Historian's Reading of the Gospels</i>. Philadelphia: First Fortress. hlm. 283. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8006-1443-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8006-1443-7">0-8006-1443-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+the+Jew%3A+A+Historian%27s+Reading+of+the+Gospels&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=283&rft.pub=First+Fortress&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-8006-1443-7&rft.aulast=Vermes&rft.aufirst=Geza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sanders, E. P. (1995). <i>The Historical Figure of Jesus</i>. London: Penguin. hlm. 333. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-140-14499-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-140-14499-4">978-0-140-14499-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Figure+of+Jesus&rft.place=London&rft.pages=333&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-140-14499-4&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=E.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bromiley, Geoffrey (1995) <i>International Standard Bible Encyclopedia</i>, Eerdmans Publishing, <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780802837844" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8028-3784-4</a>, p. 991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Craig S. Keener, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8C2Y_HaL5W0C&pg=PA83#v=onepage&q=Keener%20infancy%20independent%20attestation&f=false">The Gospel of Matthew</a></i> (Eerdmans 2009 <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780802864987" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8028-6498-7</a>), p. 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Donald A. Hagner, <i>Matthew 1-13</i> (Paternoster Press 1993 <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780849902321" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8499-0232-1</a>), pp. 14-15, cited in the preceding</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Millard Erickson, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0PbBz6-XcssC&pg=PA761#v=onepage&q=Erickson%20stronger%20%20claim%20historicity&f=false">Christian Theology</a></i> (Baker Academic 1998 <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780801021824" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8010-2182-4</a>), p. 761</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fritz Allhoff, Scott C. Lowe, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2hYEngEACAAJ">Christmas –  Philosophy for Everyone: Better Than a Lump of Coal</a></i> (Wiley-Blackwell 2010 <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9781444330908" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-4443-3090-8</a>), p. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frederick Dale Bruner, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5jZlfg1yxIEC&pg=PA41#v=onepage&q=Bruner%20%22two%20independent%20literary%22%60&f=false">Matthew: The Christbook</a></i> (Eerdmans 2004 <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780802811189" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8028-1118-9</a>), p. 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell199847-278"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell199847_278-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPowell1998">Powell 1998</a>, hlm. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Murphy, Catherine (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=so_G78SBXAoC&pg=PA29#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>John the Baptist: Prophet of Purity for a New Age</i></a>. Liturgical Press. hlm. 29–30. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8146-5933-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8146-5933-5">978-0-8146-5933-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+the+Baptist%3A+Prophet+of+Purity+for+a+New+Age&rft.pages=29-30&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5933-5&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dso_G78SBXAoC%26pg%3DPA29%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998144-147-280"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998144-147_280-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998144-147_280-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998144-147_280-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTheissenMerz1998">Theissen & Merz 1998</a>, hlm. 144-147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998235-281"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998235_281-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998235_281-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTheissenMerz1998">Theissen & Merz 1998</a>, hlm. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunn303-282"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dunn303_282-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Borg, Marcus J. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=37uJRUF6btAC&pg=PA303#v=onepage&q&f=false">"The Spirit-Filled Experience of Jesus"</a>. Dalam Dunn, James D.G.; McKnight, Scot. <i>The Historical Jesus in Recent Research</i>. Eisenbrauns. hlm. 303. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-57506-100-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-57506-100-9">978-1-57506-100-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Spirit-Filled+Experience+of+Jesus&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Jesus+in+Recent+Research&rft.pages=303&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-100-9&rft.aulast=Borg&rft.aufirst=Marcus+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D37uJRUF6btAC%26pg%3DPA303%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998310-283"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998310_283-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTheissenMerz1998">Theissen & Merz 1998</a>, hlm. 310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Jesus_(persons_in_the_Bible).aspx#1">"Jesus of Nazareth."</a> Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2004. Retrieved 29 Dec 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998298-285"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998298_285-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTheissenMerz1998">Theissen & Merz 1998</a>, hlm. 298.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica15022016-286"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica15022016_286-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica15022016_286-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica15022016_286-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica15022016_286-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanders, E. P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/303091/Jesus-Christ/">"Jesus Christ."</a> Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Retrieved 15 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODCCMessiah-287"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODCCMessiah_287-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCCMessiah_287-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCCMessiah_287-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Messiah." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998533-540-288"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998533-540_288-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998533-540_288-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTheissenMerz1998">Theissen & Merz 1998</a>, hlm. 533-540.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ehrman, Bart. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ehrmanblog.org/judas-and-the-messianic-secret/">"Judas and the Messianic Secret"</a>. The Bart Ehrman Blog. Retrieved 15 February 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ehrman, Bart. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ehrmanblog.org/jesus-claim-to-be-the-messiah/">"Jesus' Claim to be the Messiah"</a>. The Bart Ehrman Blog. Retrieved 15 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeier2006126–128-291"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeier2006126–128_291-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeier2006">Meier 2006</a>, hlm. 126–128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. P. Sanders considers this explanation to be "likely." Sanders, E. P. The historical figure of Jesus. Penguin, 1993, pages 269-273</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Theissen and Merz state that the Temple elites sought to avoid unrest. Theissen, Gerd and Annette Merz. The historical Jesus: a comprehensive guide. Fortress Press. 1998. translated from German (1996 edition). p. 466</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders1993269-273-294"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders1993269-273_294-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanders1993">Sanders 1993</a>, hlm. 269-273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998465–466-295"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998465–466_295-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTheissenMerz1998">Theissen & Merz 1998</a>, hlm. 465–466.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Chilton" title="Bruce Chilton">Chilton, Bruce</a> (2014). "Simon, Peter". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=StasAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA573&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Routledge Encyclopedia of the Historical Jesus</i></a>. hlm. 573<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Simon%2C+Peter&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+the+Historical+Jesus&rft.pages=573&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Chilton&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DStasAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA573%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ehrman_2014_7-297"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ehrman_2014_7_297-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ehrman_2014_7_297-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ehrman, Bart. How Jesus became God. HarperOne. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780061778186" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-06-177818-6</a>. Chapter 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders1993-298"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders1993_298-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanders1993">Sanders 1993</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders1993276-281-299"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders1993276-281_299-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanders1993">Sanders 1993</a>, hlm. 276-281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders199311-300"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders199311_300-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanders1993">Sanders 1993</a>, hlm. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenWinter20024–5-301"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenWinter20024–5_301-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTheissenWinter2002">Theissen & Winter 2002</a>, hlm. 4–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenWinter20025-302"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenWinter20025_302-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTheissenWinter2002">Theissen & Winter 2002</a>, hlm. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">"Historical Jesus, Quest of the". <i>Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i>. Oxford University Press. hlm. 775. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-280290-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-280290-3">978-0-19-280290-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Historical+Jesus%2C+Quest+of+the&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.pages=775&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280290-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz19981–15-304"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz19981–15_304-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTheissenMerz1998">Theissen & Merz 1998</a>, hlm. 1–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CambHist23-305"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CambHist23_305-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mitchell, Margaret M.; Young, Frances M. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6UTfmw_zStsC&pg=PA23#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Cambridge History of Christianity</i></a>. <b>1</b>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 23. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-81239-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-81239-9">978-0-521-81239-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Christianity&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-81239-9&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Margaret+M.&rft.au=Young%2C+Frances+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6UTfmw_zStsC%26pg%3DPA23%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009124–125-306"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009124–125_306-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009">Köstenberger, Kellum & Quarles 2009</a>, hlm. 124–125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Brown, Colin (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LuKMmVu0tpMC&pg=PA1416#v=onepage&q&f=false">"Why Study the Historical Jesus?"</a>. Dalam Holmen, Tom; Porter, Stanley E. <i>Handbook for the Study of the Historical Jesus</i>. Brill. hlm. 1416. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-16372-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-04-16372-0">978-90-04-16372-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Why+Study+the+Historical+Jesus%3F&rft.btitle=Handbook+for+the+Study+of+the+Historical+Jesus&rft.pages=1416&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-90-04-16372-0&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLuKMmVu0tpMC%26pg%3DPA1416%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoulden200663–99-308"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoulden200663–99_308-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoulden200663–99_308-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoulden200663–99_308-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoulden200663–99_308-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoulden2006">Houlden 2006</a>, hlm. 63–99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Erricker44-309"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Erricker44_309-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erricker44_309-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Erricker, Clive (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/teachingchristia0000unse"><i>Teaching Christianity: a world religions approach</i></a>. James Clarke & Co. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/teachingchristia0000unse/page/44">44</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7188-2634-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7188-2634-5">978-0-7188-2634-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teaching+Christianity%3A+a+world+religions+approach&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=James+Clarke+%26+Co&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-7188-2634-5&rft.aulast=Erricker&rft.aufirst=Clive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fteachingchristia0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenMcKnightMarshall1992442-310"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenMcKnightMarshall1992442_310-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreenMcKnightMarshall1992">Green, McKnight & Marshall 1992</a>, hlm. 442.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BarrLang-311"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BarrLang_311-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Barr, James (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/uk-ac-man-scw:1m2973">"Which language did Jesus speak"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester</i>. <b>53</b> (1): 9–29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+John+Rylands+University+Library+of+Manchester&rft.atitle=Which+language+did+Jesus+speak&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=9-29&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.escholar.manchester.ac.uk%2Fuk-ac-man-scw%3A1m2973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Porter110-312"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Porter110_312-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Porter, Stanley E. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbooktoexeges00port"><i>Handbook to exegesis of the New Testament</i></a>. Brill. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbooktoexeges00port/page/n110">110</a>–112. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-09921-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-04-09921-0">978-90-04-09921-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+to+exegesis+of+the+New+Testament&rft.pages=110-112&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09921-0&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Stanley+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbooktoexeges00port&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn2003313–315-313"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn2003313–315_313-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2003">Dunn 2003</a>, hlm. 313–315.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman199996-314"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman199996_314-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEhrman1999">Ehrman 1999</a>, hlm. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Celebrating_sacraments-315"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Celebrating_sacraments_315-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Stoutzenberger, Joseph (2000). <i>Celebrating sacraments</i>. St Mary's Press. hlm. 286.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celebrating+sacraments&rft.pages=286&rft.pub=St+Mary%27s+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Stoutzenberger&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_religious_world_of_Jesus:_an_introduction_to_Second_Temple_Palestinian_Judaism-316"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_religious_world_of_Jesus:_an_introduction_to_Second_Temple_Palestinian_Judaism_316-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Murphy, Frederick (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/religiousworldof0000murp"><i>The religious world of Jesus: an introduction to Second Temple Palestinian Judaism</i></a>. Abingdon Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/religiousworldof0000murp/page/311">311</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+religious+world+of+Jesus%3A+an+introduction+to+Second+Temple+Palestinian+Judaism&rft.pages=311&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Frederick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freligiousworldof0000murp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Elliott, John (2007). "Jesus the Israelite Was Neither a 'Jew' nor a 'Christian': On Correcting Misleading Nomenclature". <i>Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus</i>. <b>5</b> (119): 119. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1476869007079741">10.1177/1476869007079741</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1476-8690">1476-8690</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Study+of+the+Historical+Jesus&rft.atitle=Jesus+the+Israelite+Was+Neither+a+%27Jew%27+nor+a+%27Christian%27%3A+On+Correcting+Misleading+Nomenclature&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=119&rft.pages=119&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1476869007079741&rft.issn=1476-8690&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See for example: <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Daniel R. Schwartz (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=o0NRBQAAQBAJ"><i>Judeans and Jews: Four Faces of Dichotomy in Ancient Jewish History</i></a>. University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9781442648395" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9781442648395">9781442648395</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judeans+and+Jews%3A+Four+Faces+of+Dichotomy+in+Ancient+Jewish+History&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781442648395&rft.au=Daniel+R.+Schwartz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do0NRBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Garroway, Rabbi Joshua (2011). "Ioudaios<i>". Dalam Amy-Jill Levine, Marc Z. Brettler. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=DZRJ5zXUI2QC&lpg=PA524&pg=PA524"></a></i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=DZRJ5zXUI2QC&lpg=PA524&pg=PA524">The Jewish Annotated New Testament<i></i></a><i>. Oxford University Press. hlm. 524–526. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780195297706" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780195297706">9780195297706</a>.</i></cite><i><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ioudaios&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Annotated+New+Testament&rft.pages=524-526&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780195297706&rft.aulast=Garroway&rft.aufirst=Rabbi+Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDZRJ5zXUI2QC%26lpg%3DPA524%26pg%3DPA524&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penyunting (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Menggunakan_parameter_penyunting" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penyunting">link</a>) </span></i></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Miller, David M. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130201163629/http://cbi.sagepub.com/content/9/1/98.full.pdf+html">"The Meaning of <i>Ioudaios</i> and its Relationship to Other Group Labels in Ancient 'Judaism<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>"</a>. <i>Currents in Biblical Research</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 98–126. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cbi.sagepub.com/content/9/1/98.full.pdf+html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-02-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2016-04-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Currents+in+Biblical+Research&rft.atitle=The+Meaning+of+Ioudaios+and+its+Relationship+to+Other+Group+Labels+in+Ancient+%E2%80%98Judaism%27&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=98-126&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcbi.sagepub.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F98.full.pdf%2Bhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Mason, Steve (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150325062826/http://www.stevemason.eu/resources/SMason-JSJ-2007-Jews-Judaism.pdf">"Jews, Judaeans, Judaizing, Judaism: Problems of Categorization in Ancient History"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal for the Study of Judaism</i>. <b>38</b>: 457–512. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F156851507X193108">10.1163/156851507X193108</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stevemason.eu/resources/SMason-JSJ-2007-Jews-Judaism.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2015-03-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2016-04-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Study+of+Judaism&rft.atitle=Jews%2C+Judaeans%2C+Judaizing%2C+Judaism%3A+Problems+of+Categorization+in+Ancient+History&rft.volume=38&rft.pages=457-512&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F156851507X193108&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stevemason.eu%2Fresources%2FSMason-JSJ-2007-Jews-Judaism.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine200610-320"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine200610_320-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevine2006">Levine 2006</a>, hlm. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Jensen, Robin M. (2010). "Jesus in Christian art". Dalam Burkett, Delbert. <i>The Blackwell Companion to Jesus</i>. John Wiley & Sons. hlm. 477–502. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4443-5175-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4443-5175-0">978-1-4443-5175-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jesus+in+Christian+art&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+Jesus&rft.pages=477-502&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-5175-0&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=Robin+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perkinson30-322"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perkinson30_322-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perkinson30_322-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Perkinson, Stephen (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/likenessofkingpr0000perk"><i>The likeness of the king: a prehistory of portraiture in late medieval France</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/likenessofkingpr0000perk/page/30">30</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-226-65879-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-226-65879-7">978-0-226-65879-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+likeness+of+the+king%3A+a+prehistory+of+portraiture+in+late+medieval+France&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-226-65879-7&rft.aulast=Perkinson&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flikenessofkingpr0000perk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kidd48-323"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kidd48_323-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kidd, Colin (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/forgingracesrace00kidd"><i>The forging of races: race and scripture in the Protestant Atlantic world</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/forgingracesrace00kidd/page/48">48</a>–51. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-139-45753-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-139-45753-8">978-1-139-45753-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+forging+of+races%3A+race+and+scripture+in+the+Protestant+Atlantic+world&rft.pages=48-51&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-139-45753-8&rft.aulast=Kidd&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fforgingracesrace00kidd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Gibson, David (February 21, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/21/arts/what-did-jesus-really-look-like.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm">"What Did Jesus Really Look Like?"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What+Did+Jesus+Really+Look+Like%3F&rft.date=2004-02-21&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F02%2F21%2Farts%2Fwhat-did-jesus-really-look-like.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall%26src%3Dpm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bart_Ehrman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bart Ehrman">Bart Ehrman</a>, <i>Did Jesus Exist?</i> Harper Collins, 2012, p. 12, ""In simpler terms, the historical Jesus did not exist . Or if he did, he had virtually nothing to do with the founding of Christianity." further quoting as authoritative the fuller definition provided by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_Doherty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Earl Doherty (halaman belum tersedia)">Earl Doherty</a> in <i>Jesus: Neither God Nor Man.</i> Age of Reason, 2009, pp. vii-viii: it is "the theory that no historical Jesus worthy of the name existed, that Christianity began with a belief in a spiritual, mythical figure, that the Gospels are essentially allegory and fiction, and that no single identifiable person lay at the root of the Galilean preaching tradition."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199890-326"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199890_326-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199890_326-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199890_326-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTheissenMerz1998">Theissen & Merz 1998</a>, hlm. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DunnPaul35-327"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DunnPaul35_327-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/James_D._G._Dunn" class="mw-redirect" title="James D. G. Dunn">James D. G. Dunn</a> "Paul's understanding of the death of Jesus" in <i>Sacrifice and Redemption</i> edited by S. W. Sykes (December 3, 2007) Cambridge University Press <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/052104460X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-04460-X</a> pages 35-36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Then'_2004_page_34-328"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Then'_2004_page_34_328-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jesus Now and Then</i> by Richard A. Burridge and Graham Gould (April 1, 2004) <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0802809774" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8028-0977-4</a> page 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jesus'_page_200-329"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jesus'_page_200_329-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jesus</i> by Michael Grant 2004 <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1898799881" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-898799-88-1</a> page 200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jesus'_page_145-330"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jesus'_page_145_330-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Gospels and Jesus</i> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Graham_Stanton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graham Stanton (halaman belum tersedia)">Graham Stanton</a>, 1989 <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0192132415" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-213241-5</a> Oxford University Press, page 145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-voorst16-331"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-voorst16_331-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Van_Voorst" title="Robert E. Van Voorst">Robert E. Van Voorst</a> <i>Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence</i> Eerdmans Publishing, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0802843689" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8028-4368-9</a> page 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><i>Did Jesus Exist?:The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth</i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>, USA. 2012. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-06-220460-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-06-220460-8">978-0-06-220460-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Did+Jesus+Exist%3F%3AThe+Historical+Argument+for+Jesus+of+Nazareth&rft.pub=HarperCollins%2C+USA&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-06-220460-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Ehrman, 2011 <i>Forged : writing in the name of God</i> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780062078636" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-06-207863-6</a>. page 285</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Watson, Francis (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vSehrtQpcYcC&pg=PA156#v=onepage&q&f=false">"The quest for the real Jesus"</a>. Dalam Bockmuehl, Markus N. A. <i>Cambridge companion to Jesus</i>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 156–157. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-79678-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-79678-1">978-0-521-79678-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+quest+for+the+real+Jesus&rft.btitle=Cambridge+companion+to+Jesus&rft.pages=156-157&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-521-79678-1&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvSehrtQpcYcC%26pg%3DPA156%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Evans, C. Stephen (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicalchrist0000evan"><i>The historical Christ and the Jesus of faith</i></a>. Oxford University Press. hlm. v. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-152042-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-152042-6">978-0-19-152042-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+historical+Christ+and+the+Jesus+of+faith&rft.pages=v&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-152042-6&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=C.+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricalchrist0000evan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-336">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Delbert, Burkett (2010). <i>The Blackwell Companion to Jesus</i>. John Wiley & Sons. hlm. 1. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4443-5175-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4443-5175-0">978-1-4443-5175-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+Jesus&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-5175-0&rft.aulast=Delbert&rft.aufirst=Burkett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGrath20064–6-337"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGrath20064–6_337-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGrath20064–6_337-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcGrath2006">McGrath 2006</a>, hlm. 4–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jackson, Gregory L. (1993). <i>Catholic, Lutheran, Protestant: a doctrinal comparison</i>. Christian News. hlm. 11–17. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-615-16635-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-615-16635-3">978-0-615-16635-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholic%2C+Lutheran%2C+Protestant%3A+a+doctrinal+comparison&rft.pages=11-17&rft.pub=Christian+News&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-615-16635-3&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Gregory+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">McGuckin, John A. (2010). <i>The Orthodox Church: An Introduction to Its History, Doctrine</i>. John Wiley & Sons. hlm. 6–7. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4443-9383-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4443-9383-5">978-1-4443-9383-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Orthodox+Church%3A+An+Introduction+to+Its+History%2C+Doctrine&rft.pages=6-7&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-9383-5&rft.aulast=McGuckin&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Leith, John H. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780664251925"><i>Basic Christian doctrine</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780664251925/page/1">1</a>–2. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-664-25192-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-664-25192-5">978-0-664-25192-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Christian+doctrine&rft.pages=1-2&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-664-25192-5&rft.aulast=Leith&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780664251925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-341"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Schreiner, Thomas R. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=elw8xkVeTTUC&pg=PA23#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>New Testament Theology: Magnifying God in Christ</i></a>. Baker Academic. hlm. 23–37. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8010-2680-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8010-2680-5">978-0-8010-2680-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Testament+Theology%3A+Magnifying+God+in+Christ&rft.pages=23-37&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8010-2680-5&rft.aulast=Schreiner&rft.aufirst=Thomas+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Delw8xkVeTTUC%26pg%3DPA23%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">"Great Schism". <i>Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i>. Oxford University Press. 2005. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-280290-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-280290-3">978-0-19-280290-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Great+Schism&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280290-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/137622/The-Letter-of-Paul-to-the-Corinthians">"The Letter of Paul to the Corinthians"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Letter+of+Paul+to+the+Corinthians&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F137622%2FThe-Letter-of-Paul-to-the-Corinthians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford_Companion-344"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_Companion_344-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Metzger, Bruce M.; Coogan, Michael D. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=Y2KGVuym5OUC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Oxford Companion to the Bible</i></a>. Oxford University Press. hlm. 649. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-974391-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-974391-9">978-0-19-974391-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Companion+to+the+Bible&rft.pages=649&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-19-974391-9&rft.aulast=Metzger&rft.aufirst=Bruce+M.&rft.au=Coogan%2C+Michael+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DY2KGVuym5OUC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cullmann, Oscar (1959). <i>The Christology of the New Testament</i>. Westminster John Knox Press. hlm. 79. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-664-24351-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-664-24351-7">978-0-664-24351-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Christology+of+the+New+Testament&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1959&rft.isbn=978-0-664-24351-7&rft.aulast=Cullmann&rft.aufirst=Oscar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Deme, Dániel (2004). <i>The Christology of Anselm of Canterbury</i>. Ashgate Publishing. hlm. 199–200. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7546-3779-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7546-3779-0">978-0-7546-3779-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Christology+of+Anselm+of+Canterbury&rft.pages=199-200&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-3779-0&rft.aulast=Deme&rft.aufirst=D%C3%A1niel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Pannenberg" title="Wolfhart Pannenberg">Pannenberg, Wolfhart</a> (2004). <i>Systematic Theology</i>. <b>2</b>. Continuum. hlm. 297–303. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-567-08466-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-567-08466-8">978-0-567-08466-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Systematic+Theology&rft.pages=297-303&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-567-08466-8&rft.aulast=Pannenberg&rft.aufirst=Wolfhart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-349"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_349-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_349-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Antitrinitarianism." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Friedmann, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/A597.html">"Antitrinitarianism"</a>. <i>Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Antitrinitarianism&rft.btitle=Global+Anabaptist+Mennonite+Encyclopedia&rft.aulast=Friedmann&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gameo.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Fcontents%2FA597.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Joyce, George H. 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Feldheim Publishers. hlm. 59–70. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-9771937-0-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-9771937-0-7">978-0-9771937-0-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twenty-six+reasons+why+Jews+don%27t+believe+in+Jesus&rft.pages=59-70&rft.pub=Feldheim+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-9771937-0-7&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=Asher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtx5qrKz6dRMC%26pg%3DPA59%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Simmons, Shraga (March 6, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060316040138/http://www.aish.com/jewishissues/jewishsociety/Why_Jews_Dont_Believe_In_Jesus.asp">"Why Jews Do not Believe in Jesus"</a>. Aish.com. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aish.com/jewishissues/jewishsociety/Why_Jews_Dont_Believe_In_Jesus.asp">versi asli</a> tanggal 2006-03-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2016-04-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Jews+Do+not+Believe+in+Jesus&rft.pub=Aish.com&rft.date=2004-03-06&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=Shraga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aish.com%2Fjewishissues%2Fjewishsociety%2FWhy_Jews_Dont_Believe_In_Jesus.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/10321-malachi-book-of">"MALACHI, BOOK OF"</a>. <i>Jewish Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=MALACHI%2C+BOOK+OF&rft.btitle=Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F10321-malachi-book-of&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-359"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-359">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14213-talmud">"TALMUD"</a>. <i>Jewish Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=TALMUD&rft.btitle=Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F14213-talmud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0011_0_10113.html">Jesus</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199874–75-361"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199874–75_361-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTheissenMerz1998">Theissen & Merz 1998</a>, hlm. 74–75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-362"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-362">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jeffrey, Grant R. 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Random House Digital. hlm. 108. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-307-50940-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-307-50940-6">978-0-307-50940-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heaven%3A+The+Mystery+of+Angels&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Random+House+Digital&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-307-50940-6&rft.aulast=Jeffrey&rft.aufirst=Grant+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxCW8fjiE-DYC%26pg%3DPA108%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CEI-363"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CEI_363-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CEI_363-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Glassé, Cyril (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D7tu12gt4JYC&pg=PA270#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Concise Encyclopedia of Islam</i></a>. 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Cambridge University Press. hlm. 183. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-79678-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-79678-1">978-0-521-79678-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Quests+for+the+historical+Jesus&rft.btitle=Cambridge+companion+to+Jesus&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-521-79678-1&rft.aulast=Paget&rft.aufirst=James+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvSehrtQpcYcC%26pg%3DPA183%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-366"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-366">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation audio-visual">Ashraf, Irshad (Director) (August 19, 2007). <i>The Muslim Jesus</i> (Television production). 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Naval Institute Press. hlm. 20. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-61251-015-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-61251-015-6">978-1-61251-015-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Militant+Islamist+Ideology%3A+Understanding+the+Global+Threat&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-61251-015-6&rft.aulast=Aboul-Enein&rft.aufirst=Youssef+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtX3suVDTJz0C%26pg%3DPA20%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-comparative-369"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-comparative_369-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-comparative_369-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Fasching, Darrell J.; deChant, Dell (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/comparativerelig0000fasc"><i>Comparative Religious Ethics: A Narrative Approach</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/comparativerelig0000fasc/page/241">241</a>, 274–275. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-631-20125-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-631-20125-0">978-0-631-20125-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparative+Religious+Ethics%3A+A+Narrative+Approach&rft.pages=241%2C+274-275&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-631-20125-0&rft.aulast=Fasching&rft.aufirst=Darrell+J.&rft.au=deChant%2C+Dell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcomparativerelig0000fasc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">George, Timothy (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A5uVfN5xT3YC&pg=PA150#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Is the Father of Jesus the God of Muhammad?: Understanding the Differences Between Christianity and Islam</i></a>. Zondervan. hlm. 150–151. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-310-24748-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-310-24748-7">978-0-310-24748-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Is+the+Father+of+Jesus+the+God+of+Muhammad%3F%3A+Understanding+the+Differences+Between+Christianity+and+Islam&rft.pages=150-151&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-310-24748-7&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA5uVfN5xT3YC%26pg%3DPA150%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morgan-371"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morgan_371-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morgan_371-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Morgan, Diane (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U94S6N2zECAC&pg=PA45#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Essential Islam: A Comprehensive Guide to Belief and Practice</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. hlm. 45–46. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-313-36025-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-313-36025-1">978-0-313-36025-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essential+Islam%3A+A+Comprehensive+Guide+to+Belief+and+Practice&rft.pages=45-46&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-313-36025-1&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU94S6N2zECAC%26pg%3DPA45%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-372"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-372">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dxFh1vETHYgC&pg=PA71#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Understanding Islam: Basic Principles</i></a>. Garnet & Ithaca Press. 2000. hlm. 71–73. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-85964-134-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-85964-134-7">978-1-85964-134-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Islam%3A+Basic+Principles&rft.pages=71-73&rft.pub=Garnet+%26+Ithaca+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-85964-134-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdxFh1vETHYgC%26pg%3DPA71%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-373"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-373">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Shedinger, Robert F. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=bSI9Fe9TCz8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Was Jesus a Muslim?: Questioning Categories in the Study of Religion</i></a>. Fortress Press. hlm. ix. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4514-1727-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4514-1727-2">978-1-4514-1727-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Was+Jesus+a+Muslim%3F%3A+Questioning+Categories+in+the+Study+of+Religion&rft.pages=ix&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4514-1727-2&rft.aulast=Shedinger&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DbSI9Fe9TCz8C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RobB32-374"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RobB32_374-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RobB32_374-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Burns, Robert A. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=akWUGyN7fwEC&pg=PA32#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Christianity, Islam, and the West</i></a>. University Press of America. hlm. 32. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7618-5560-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7618-5560-6">978-0-7618-5560-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christianity%2C+Islam%2C+and+the+West&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7618-5560-6&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DakWUGyN7fwEC%26pg%3DPA32%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peters23-375"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Peters23_375-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="id" dir="ltr">Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>Peters23</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-376"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Peters, F. E. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DRDwRPIQ1vUC&pg=PA23#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians</i></a>. Princeton University Press. hlm. 23. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-691-11553-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-691-11553-5">978-0-691-11553-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+A+Guide+for+Jews+and+Christians&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-691-11553-5&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=F.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDRDwRPIQ1vUC%26pg%3DPA23%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cite_quran|32|9|style=-377"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cite_quran|32|9|style=_377-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/id/32/9">As-Sajdah:9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-378"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-378">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cooper, Anne; Maxwell, Elsie A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X4J-p1E1OkwC&pg=PA59#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Ishmael My Brother: A Christian Introduction To Islam</i></a>. Monarch Books. hlm. 59. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8254-6223-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8254-6223-8">978-0-8254-6223-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ishmael+My+Brother%3A+A+Christian+Introduction+To+Islam&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Monarch+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8254-6223-8&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.au=Maxwell%2C+Elsie+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX4J-p1E1OkwC%26pg%3DPA59%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-379"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-379">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/2017/12/08/islam-and-the-beginning-of-human-life/">"Islam and the Beginning of Human Life"</a>. Harvard Law Petrie Flow Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Islam+and+the+Beginning+of+Human+Life&rft.pub=Harvard+Law+Petrie+Flow+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.petrieflom.law.harvard.edu%2F2017%2F12%2F08%2Fislam-and-the-beginning-of-human-life%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-380">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corpus.quran.com/translation.jsp?chapter=4&verse=157">The Quranic Arabic Corpus - Translation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-381"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-381">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corpus.quran.com/translation.jsp?chapter=3&verse=54">The Quranic Arabic Corpus - Translation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-382"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-382">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corpus.quran.com/translation.jsp?chapter=3&verse=55">The Quranic Arabic Corpus - Translation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cite_quran|4|157|style=ref-383"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cite_quran|4|157|style=ref_383-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/id/4/157">An-Nisa’:157</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khalidi-384"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Khalidi_384-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Khalidi, Tarif (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muslimjesussayin00"><i>The Muslim Jesus: Sayings and Stories in Islamic Literature</i></a>. Harvard University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muslimjesussayin00/page/12">12</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780674004771" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780674004771">9780674004771</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Muslim+Jesus%3A+Sayings+and+Stories+in+Islamic+Literature&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780674004771&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Tarif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuslimjesussayin00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-385"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-385">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beattie, Hugh (2016). "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315602585-9/mahdi-end-times-islam-hugh-beattie">The Mahdi and the end-times in Islam. In: Prophecy in the New Millennium</a></i>" (PDF). 1. Routledge.  Diakses pada 30 Maret 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Melton55-386"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Melton55_386-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v2yiyLLOj88C&pg=PA55#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. hlm. 55. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-59884-203-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-59884-203-6">978-1-59884-203-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religions+of+the+World%3A+A+Comprehensive+Encyclopedia+of+Beliefs+and+Practices&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-203-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv2yiyLLOj88C%26pg%3DPA55%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stockman-387"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stockman_387-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stockman_387-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stockman_387-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Stockman, Robert (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/stockman_jesus_bahai_writings">"Jesus Christ in the Bahá'í Writings"</a>. <i>Bahá'í Studies Review</i>. <b>2</b> (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=Jesus+Christ+in+the+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Writings&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Stockman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Fstockman_jesus_bahai_writings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-manifestation-388"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-manifestation_388-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manifestation_388-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manifestation_388-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Cole, Juan (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/cole_concept_manifestation">"The Concept of Manifestation in the Bahá'í Writings"</a>. <i>Bahá'í Studies</i>. <b>9</b>: 1–38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Concept+of+Manifestation+in+the+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Writings&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=1-38&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Juan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Fcole_concept_manifestation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-jesus-389"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith-jesus_389-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith-jesus_389-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Smith, Peter (2000). "peace". <i>A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith</i>. Oneworld Publications. hlm. 214. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-85168-184-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-85168-184-6">978-1-85168-184-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=peace&rft.btitle=A+concise+encyclopedia+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Faith&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=Oneworld+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-85168-184-6&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-psmith128-390"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-psmith128_390-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Smith, Peter (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z7zdDFTzNr0C&pg=PA128#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>An Introduction to the Baha'i Faith</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 128. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-86251-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-86251-6">978-0-521-86251-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Baha%27i+Faith&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-521-86251-6&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz7zdDFTzNr0C%26pg%3DPA128%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lepart118-391"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lepart118_391-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lepard, Brian D. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v2ob2Tw2k3MC&pg=PA118#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>In the Glory of the Father: The Bahai Faith and Christianity</i></a>. Bahai Publishing. hlm. 118. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-931847-34-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-931847-34-6">978-1-931847-34-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Glory+of+the+Father%3A+The+Bahai+Faith+and+Christianity&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Bahai+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-931847-34-6&rft.aulast=Lepard&rft.aufirst=Brian+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv2ob2Tw2k3MC%26pg%3DPA118%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cole-392"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cole_392-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cole_392-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Cole, Juan R. I. (1997). "Behold the Man: Baha'u'llah on the Life of Jesus". <i>Journal of the American Academy of Religion</i>. <b>65</b> (1): 51, 56, 60.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Academy+of+Religion&rft.atitle=Behold+the+Man%3A+Baha%27u%27llah+on+the+Life+of+Jesus&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=51%2C+56%2C+60&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Juan+R.+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-393"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-393">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">McManners, John (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DhpKxQT8n74C&pg=PA27#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity</i></a>. Oxford University Press. hlm. 27. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-285439-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-285439-1">978-0-19-285439-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Illustrated+History+of+Christianity&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-285439-1&rft.aulast=McManners&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDhpKxQT8n74C%26pg%3DPA27%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-394"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-394">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ehrman, Bart D. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=URdACxKubDIC&pg=PA124#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Lost Christianities: The Battles For Scripture And The Faiths We Never Knew</i></a>. Oxford University Press. hlm. 124–125. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-518249-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-518249-1">978-0-19-518249-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lost+Christianities%3A+The+Battles+For+Scripture+And+The+Faiths+We+Never+Knew&rft.pages=124-125&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-518249-1&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DURdACxKubDIC%26pg%3DPA124%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-395"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-395">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bevan, A. A. (1930). Hastings, James, ed. <i>Manichaeism</i>. <i>Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics</i>. <b>8</b>. Kessinger Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7661-3666-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7661-3666-3">978-0-7661-3666-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manichaeism&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=1930&rft.isbn=978-0-7661-3666-3&rft.aulast=Bevan&rft.aufirst=A.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-396"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-396">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brown, Peter R. L. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/augustineofhippo00brow_0"><i>Augustine of Hippo: A Biography</i></a>. University of California Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/augustineofhippo00brow_0/page/43">43</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-520-22757-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-520-22757-6">978-0-520-22757-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Augustine+of+Hippo%3A+A+Biography&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-520-22757-6&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Peter+R.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faugustineofhippo00brow_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-397"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-397">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Rishi Das, Shaunaka (24 Maret 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/hinduism/beliefs/jesus_1.shtml">"Jesus in Hinduism"</a>. BBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jesus+in+Hinduism&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2009-03-24&rft.aulast=Rishi+Das&rft.aufirst=Shaunaka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Freligion%2Freligions%2Fhinduism%2Fbeliefs%2Fjesus_1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-398"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-398">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Lal Goel, Madan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://secure.uwf.edu/govt/pdf/facforum/goel-religioustolerancehinduism.pdf">"RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE AND HINDUISM"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. University of West Florida<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RELIGIOUS+TOLERANCE+AND+HINDUISM&rft.pub=University+of+West+Florida&rft.aulast=Lal+Goel&rft.aufirst=Madan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.uwf.edu%2Fgovt%2Fpdf%2Ffacforum%2Fgoel-religioustolerancehinduism.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-399"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-399">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Yogananda, Paramahansa (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xsIi4ePN4hYC&pg=PA319#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Autobiography of a Yogi</i></a>. Diamond Pocket Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-81-902562-0-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-81-902562-0-9">978-81-902562-0-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autobiography+of+a+Yogi&rft.pub=Diamond+Pocket+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-902562-0-9&rft.aulast=Yogananda&rft.aufirst=Paramahansa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxsIi4ePN4hYC%26pg%3DPA319%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-400"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-400">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Beverley, James A. (11 Juni 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2001/june11/15.64.html?paging=off">"Hollywood's Idol"</a>. Christianity Today.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hollywood%27s+Idol&rft.pub=Christianity+Today&rft.date=2011-06-11&rft.aulast=Beverley&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianitytoday.com%2Fct%2F2001%2Fjune11%2F15.64.html%3Fpaging%3Doff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanet20123-401"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanet20123_401-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJanet2012">Janet 2012</a>, hlm. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanet20129-402"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanet20129_402-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJanet2012">Janet 2012</a>, hlm. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-other_views-403"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-other_views_403-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-other_views_403-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hutson, Steven (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sVnT_hSpSBAC&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>What They Never Taught You in Sunday School: A Fresh Look at Following Jesus</i></a>. City Boy Enterprises. hlm. 57. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-59886-300-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-59886-300-0">978-1-59886-300-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+They+Never+Taught+You+in+Sunday+School%3A+A+Fresh+Look+at+Following+Jesus&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=City+Boy+Enterprises&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-59886-300-0&rft.aulast=Hutson&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsVnT_hSpSBAC%26pg%3DPA57%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-404"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-404">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pike, Sarah M. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-vt8nTsS3XUC&pg=PA56#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>New Age and neopagan religions in America</i></a>. Columbia University Press. hlm. 56. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-231-12402-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-231-12402-7">978-0-231-12402-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Age+and+neopagan+religions+in+America&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-231-12402-7&rft.aulast=Pike&rft.aufirst=Sarah+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-vt8nTsS3XUC%26pg%3DPA56%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-405"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-405">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bailey, Alice; Khul, Djwhal (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=3FAZi674omIC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>A Treatise on Cosmic Fire</i></a>. Lucis Publishing Company. hlm. 678, 1150, 1193. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-85330-117-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-85330-117-2">978-0-85330-117-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Treatise+on+Cosmic+Fire&rft.pages=678%2C+1150%2C+1193&rft.pub=Lucis+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-85330-117-2&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft.au=Khul%2C+Djwhal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D3FAZi674omIC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-406"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-406">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientology.org/faq/scientology-beliefs/religious-figures-of-the-past.html">"What Is Scientology's View of Moses, Jesus, Muhammad, The Buddha and Other Religious Figures of the Past?"</a>. Church of Scientology International<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">13 Juni</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Is+Scientology%27s+View+of+Moses%2C+Jesus%2C+Muhammad%2C+The+Buddha+and+Other+Religious+Figures+of+the+Past%3F&rft.pub=Church+of+Scientology+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientology.org%2Ffaq%2Fscientology-beliefs%2Freligious-figures-of-the-past.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-407"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-407">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Hallowell, Billy (25 Oktober 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170629234013/http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2011/10/25/richard-dawkins-jesus-would-have-been-an-atheist-if-he-had-known-what-we-know-today/">"Richard Dawkins: 'Jesus Would Have Been an Atheist if He Had Known What We Know Today<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>"</a>. TheBlaze. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2011/10/25/richard-dawkins-jesus-would-have-been-an-atheist-if-he-had-known-what-we-know-today/">versi asli</a> tanggal 2017-06-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2016-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+Dawkins%3A+%27Jesus+Would+Have+Been+an+Atheist+if+He+Had+Known+What+We+Know+Today%27&rft.pub=TheBlaze&rft.date=2011-10-25&rft.aulast=Hallowell&rft.aufirst=Billy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theblaze.com%2Fstories%2F2011%2F10%2F25%2Frichard-dawkins-jesus-would-have-been-an-atheist-if-he-had-known-what-we-know-today%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-408"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-408">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Richard Dawkins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=yq1xDpicghkC&pg=PA284&lpg=PA284&dq=Jesus+was+not+content+to+derive+his+ethics+from+the+scriptures+of+his+upbringing.+He+explicitly+departed+from+them&source=bl&ots=1icKZ9HaDS&sig=nxegX38T-71JaTFET-7G1WMFdMA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=dVmMVMSJKoiYPNr-gIAP&ved=0CDYQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Jesus%20was%20not%20content%20to%20derive%20his%20ethics%20from%20the%20scriptures%20of%20his%20upbringing.%20He%20explicitly%20departed%20from%20them&f=false">"The God Delusion"</a>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. hlm. 284<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+God+Delusion&rft.pages=284&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.au=Richard+Dawkins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyq1xDpicghkC%26pg%3DPA284%26lpg%3DPA284%26dq%3DJesus%2Bwas%2Bnot%2Bcontent%2Bto%2Bderive%2Bhis%2Bethics%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2Bscriptures%2Bof%2Bhis%2Bupbringing.%2BHe%2Bexplicitly%2Bdeparted%2Bfrom%2Bthem%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3D1icKZ9HaDS%26sig%3DnxegX38T-71JaTFET-7G1WMFdMA%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DdVmMVMSJKoiYPNr-gIAP%26ved%3D0CDYQ6AEwBA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DJesus%2520was%2520not%2520content%2520to%2520derive%2520his%2520ethics%2520from%2520the%2520scriptures%2520of%2520his%2520upbringing.%2520He%2520explicitly%2520departed%2520from%2520them%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-409"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-409">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Chadwick, Henry, ed. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=wsKLIV3TpOYC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Contra Celsum</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. xxviii. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-29576-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-29576-5">978-0-521-29576-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contra+Celsum&rft.pages=xxviii&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-521-29576-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DwsKLIV3TpOYC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-410"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-410">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Stevenson, J. (1987). Frend, W. H. C., ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/neweusebiusdocum0000unse"><i>A New Eusebius: Documents illustrating the history of the Church to AD 337</i></a>. SPCK. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/neweusebiusdocum0000unse/page/257">257</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-281-04268-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-281-04268-5">978-0-281-04268-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+Eusebius%3A+Documents+illustrating+the+history+of+the+Church+to+AD+337&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=SPCK&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-281-04268-5&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fneweusebiusdocum0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-411"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-411">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Nietzsche, Friedrich (2010). <i>Twilight of the Idols, Morality as Anti-nature</i>. Digireads.com Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4209-3717-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4209-3717-6">978-1-4209-3717-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twilight+of+the+Idols%2C+Morality+as+Anti-nature&rft.pub=Digireads.com+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4209-3717-6&rft.aulast=Nietzsche&rft.aufirst=Friedrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-412"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-412">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Russell, Bertrand (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whyiamnotchristi00russ"><i>Why I am Not a Christian: And Other Essays on Religion and Related Subjects</i></a>. Routledge Classics. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whyiamnotchristi00russ/page/13">13</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-671-20323-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-671-20323-8">978-0-671-20323-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+I+am+Not+a+Christian%3A+And+Other+Essays+on+Religion+and+Related+Subjects&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Routledge+Classics&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-671-20323-8&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Bertrand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhyiamnotchristi00russ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Routledge-413"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Routledge_413-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Routledge_413-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://readfwd.com/download/Russell-Bertrand-Why-I-Am-Not-a-Christian.epub"><i>Russell on Religion: Selections from the Writings of Bertrand Russell</i></a>. Routledge. 1999. hlm. 86.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russell+on+Religion%3A+Selections+from+the+Writings+of+Bertrand+Russell&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freadfwd.com%2Fdownload%2FRussell-Bertrand-Why-I-Am-Not-a-Christian.epub&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-414"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-414">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Gutmann, Joseph (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jVyzbHAJ_hAC&pg=PA283#v=onepage&q&f=false">"Early Christian and Jewish Art"</a>. Dalam Attridge, Harold W.; Hata, Gohei. <i>Eusebius, Christianity, and Judaism</i>. Wayne State University Press. hlm. 283–284. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0814323618" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0814323618">0814323618</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Early+Christian+and+Jewish+Art&rft.btitle=Eusebius%2C+Christianity%2C+and+Judaism&rft.pages=283-284&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0814323618&rft.aulast=Gutmann&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjVyzbHAJ_hAC%26pg%3DPA283%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-415"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-415">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Benedetto, Robert (2006). <i>The New Westminster Dictionary of Church History</i>. Westminster John Knox Press. hlm. 51–53. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-664-22416-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-664-22416-5">978-0-664-22416-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Westminster+Dictionary+of+Church+History&rft.pages=51-53&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-664-22416-5&rft.aulast=Benedetto&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-phschaff-416"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-phschaff_416-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Schaff, Phillip (1 Juli 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NV8sAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA381#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>History of the Christian Church,8 volumes, 3rd edition</i></a>. Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9781565631960" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9781565631960">9781565631960</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Christian+Church%2C8+volumes%2C+3rd+edition&rft.place=Massachusetts&rft.pub=Hendrickson+Publishers&rft.date=2006-07-01&rft.isbn=9781565631960&rft.aulast=Schaff&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNV8sAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA381%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Irenaeus1-417"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Irenaeus1_417-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Schaff commenting on Irenaeus, wrote, 'This censure of images as a Gnostic peculiarity, and as a heathenish corruption, should be noted'. Footnote 300 on Contr. Her. .I.XXV.6. ANF</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elvira36-418"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Elvira36_418-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synod_of_Elvira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synod of Elvira (halaman belum tersedia)">Synod of Elvira</a>, 'Pictures are not to be placed in churches, so that they do not become objects of worship and adoration', AD 306, Canon 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Icons-419"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Icons_419-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Icons_419-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Icons." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-420"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-420">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bigham, Steven (1995). <i>The image of God the Father in Orthodox theology and iconography</i>. St Vladimir's Seminary Press. hlm. 226–227. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-879038-15-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-879038-15-8">978-1-879038-15-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+image+of+God+the+Father+in+Orthodox+theology+and+iconography&rft.pages=226-227&rft.pub=St+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-879038-15-8&rft.aulast=Bigham&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crucifix-421"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crucifix_421-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crucifix_421-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crucifix_421-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Crucifix." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB16032015-422"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB16032015_422-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB16032015_422-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB16032015_422-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB16032015_422-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Creche." Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Diakses pada 16 Maret 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-423"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-423">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Michalski, Sergiusz (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reformationvisua0000mich"><i>Reformation and the Visual Arts</i></a>. Routledge. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reformationvisua0000mich/page/n220">195</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-134-92102-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-134-92102-7">978-1-134-92102-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reformation+and+the+Visual+Arts&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-134-92102-7&rft.aulast=Michalski&rft.aufirst=Sergiusz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freformationvisua0000mich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-424"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-424">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Payton, James R. (2007). <i>Light from the Christian East: An Introduction to the Orthodox Tradition</i>. InterVarsity Press. hlm. 178–179. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8308-2594-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8308-2594-3">978-0-8308-2594-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Light+from+the+Christian+East%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Orthodox+Tradition&rft.pages=178-179&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-2594-3&rft.aulast=Payton&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RWilliams83-425"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RWilliams83_425-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Williams, Rowan (2003). <i>The Dwelling of the Light: Praying with Icons of Christ</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. 83. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-2778-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-2778-4">978-0-8028-2778-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dwelling+of+the+Light%3A+Praying+with+Icons+of+Christ&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2778-4&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Rowan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-426"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-426">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Wojtyła, Karol J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/audiences/1997/documents/hf_jp-ii_aud_29101997_en.html">"General audience 29 October 1997"</a>. Vatican Publishing House<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+audience+29+October+1997&rft.pub=Vatican+Publishing+House&rft.aulast=Wojty%C5%82a&rft.aufirst=Karol+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fholy_father%2Fjohn_paul_ii%2Faudiences%2F1997%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_jp-ii_aud_29101997_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-427"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-427">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ratzinger, Joseph A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/audiences/2009/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20090506_en.html">"General audience 6 May 2009"</a>. Vatican Publishing House<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+audience+6+May+2009&rft.pub=Vatican+Publishing+House&rft.aulast=Ratzinger&rft.aufirst=Joseph+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fholy_father%2Fbenedict_xvi%2Faudiences%2F2009%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_ben-xvi_aud_20090506_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoninger1999231-428"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoninger1999231_428-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoninger1999">Doninger 1999</a>, hlm. 231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-429"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-429">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Casiday, Augustine (2012). <i>The Orthodox Christian World</i>. Routledge. hlm. 447. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-45516-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-415-45516-9">978-0-415-45516-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Orthodox+Christian+World&rft.pages=447&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-415-45516-9&rft.aulast=Casiday&rft.aufirst=Augustine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-430"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-430">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ball, P. (2008). "Material witness: Shrouded in mystery". <i>Nature Materials</i>. <b>7</b> (5): 349. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008NatMa...7..349B">2008NatMa...7..349B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnmat2170">10.1038/nmat2170</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18432204">18432204</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Materials&rft.atitle=Material+witness%3A+Shrouded+in+mystery&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=349&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18432204&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnmat2170&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008NatMa...7..349B&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine200624-25-431"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine200624-25_431-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevine2006">Levine 2006</a>, hlm. 24-25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Koester382-432"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Koester382_432-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koester382_432-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Koester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helmut Koester (halaman belum tersedia)">Helmut Koester</a> <i>Introduction to the New Testament</i>, Vol. 1: History, Culture, and Religion of the Hellenistic Age. Berlin: <a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Gruyter_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Gruyter Press (halaman belum tersedia)">de Gruyter Press</a>, 1995 p 382</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-433"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-433">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flavius Josephus, <i>The Jewish War</i> Book VII, section 1.1"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-435"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-435">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_M._Mitchell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret M. Mitchell (halaman belum tersedia)">Margaret M. Mitchell</a> "The Cambridge History of Christianity, Volume 1: Origins to Constantine" Cambridge University Press 2006 p 298</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDillenberger19995-436"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDillenberger19995_436-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDillenberger1999">Dillenberger 1999</a>, hlm. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-437"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-437">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Thurston, Herbert (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Holy_Nails" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Holy Nails">Holy Nails</a>". Dalam Herbermann, Charles. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Holy+Nails&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Thurston&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-438"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-438">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Delaney, Sarah (24 Mei 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20100608223917/http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1002157.htm">"Shroud exposition closes with more than 2 million visits"</a>. Catholic News Service. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1002157.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2010-06-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2016-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Shroud+exposition+closes+with+more+than+2+million+visits&rft.date=2010-05-24&rft.aulast=Delaney&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnews.com%2Fdata%2Fstories%2Fcns%2F1002157.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-439"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-439">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Wojtyła, Karol J. (24 Mei 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/travels/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_24051998_sindone_en.html">"Pope John Paul II's address in Turin Cathedral"</a>. Vatican Publishing House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pope+John+Paul+II%27s+address+in+Turin+Cathedral&rft.pub=Vatican+Publishing+House&rft.date=1998-05-24&rft.aulast=Wojty%C5%82a&rft.aufirst=Karol+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fholy_father%2Fjohn_paul_ii%2Ftravels%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_jp-ii_spe_24051998_sindone_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-440"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-440">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Squires, Nick (3 Mei 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2010/0503/Pope-Benedict-says-Shroud-of-Turin-authentic-burial-robe-of-Jesus">"Pope Benedict says Shroud of Turin authentic burial robe of Jesus"</a>. <i>Christian Science Monitor</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Pope+Benedict+says+Shroud+of+Turin+authentic+burial+robe+of+Jesus&rft.date=2010-05-03&rft.aulast=Squires&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2FEurope%2F2010%2F0503%2FPope-Benedict-says-Shroud-of-Turin-authentic-burial-robe-of-Jesus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-441"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-441">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Nickell, Joe (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=J-m_mblG-A8C&pg=PT210&dq=most+scholars+jesus+relics+authentic#v=snippet&q=not%20a%20single%2C%20reliably%20authenticated%20relic%20of%20Jesus%20exists&f=false"><i>Relics of the Christ</i></a>. University Press of Kentucky. hlm. 191. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8131-3731-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8131-3731-5">978-0-8131-3731-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Relics+of+the+Christ&rft.pages=191&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-3731-5&rft.aulast=Nickell&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DJ-m_mblG-A8C%26pg%3DPT210%26dq%3Dmost%2Bscholars%2Bjesus%2Brelics%2Bauthentic%23v%3Dsnippet%26q%3Dnot%2520a%2520single%252C%2520reliably%2520authenticated%2520relic%2520of%2520Jesus%2520exists%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-442"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-442">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Habermas, Gary R. "Shroud of Turin." <i>The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization</i> (2011). <a href="/wiki/Pengenal_objek_digital" title="Pengenal objek digital">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470670606.wbecc1257">10.1002/9780470670606.wbecc1257</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-443"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-443">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ball, P. (2008). "Material witness: Shrouded in mystery". <i>Nature Materials</i>. <b>7</b> (5): 349. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnmat2170">10.1038/nmat2170</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18432204">18432204</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Materials&rft.atitle=Material+witness%3A+Shrouded+in+mystery&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=349&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnmat2170&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18432204&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daftar_pustaka">Daftar pustaka</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBlomberg2009" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Blomberg" title="Craig Blomberg">Blomberg, Craig L.</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=U5rIPC1UgsgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Jesus and the Gospels: An Introduction and Survey</i></a>. B&H Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8054-4482-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8054-4482-7">978-0-8054-4482-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+and+the+Gospels%3A+An+Introduction+and+Survey&rft.pub=B%26H+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8054-4482-7&rft.aulast=Blomberg&rft.aufirst=Craig+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DU5rIPC1UgsgC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBoringCraddock2004" class="citation book">Boring, M. Eugene; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Craddock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred Craddock (halaman belum tersedia)">Craddock, Fred B.</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=N0tLXRIiIe0C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The people's New Testament commentary</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-664-22754-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-664-22754-8">978-0-664-22754-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+people%27s+New+Testament+commentary&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-664-22754-8&rft.aulast=Boring&rft.aufirst=M.+Eugene&rft.au=Craddock%2C+Fred+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DN0tLXRIiIe0C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBrown1988" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_E._Brown" title="Raymond E. Brown">Brown, Raymond E.</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=JIM0Q0bjgYkC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Gospel and Epistles of John: A Concise Commentary</i></a>. Liturgical Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8146-1283-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8146-1283-5">978-0-8146-1283-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+and+Epistles+of+John%3A+A+Concise+Commentary&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-1283-5&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Raymond+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DJIM0Q0bjgYkC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBrown1997" class="citation book">Brown, Raymond E. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontone00brow_0"><i>An Introduction to the New Testament</i></a>. Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-385-24767-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-385-24767-2">978-0-385-24767-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+New+Testament&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-385-24767-2&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Raymond+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontone00brow_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCarter2003" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Carter" title="Warren Carter">Carter, Warren</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=mvhHcXKK0UEC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Pontius Pilate: portraits of a Roman governor</i></a>. Liturgical Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8146-5113-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8146-5113-1">978-0-8146-5113-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pontius+Pilate%3A+portraits+of+a+Roman+governor&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5113-1&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DmvhHcXKK0UEC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFChiltonEvans1998" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Chilton" title="Bruce Chilton">Chilton, Bruce</a>; <a href="/wiki/Craig_A._Evans" title="Craig A. Evans">Evans, Craig A.</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=AJM9grxOjjMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Studying the Historical Jesus: Evaluations of the State of Current Research</i></a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-11142-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-04-11142-4">978-90-04-11142-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studying+the+Historical+Jesus%3A+Evaluations+of+the+State+of+Current+Research&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11142-4&rft.aulast=Chilton&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.au=Evans%2C+Craig+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DAJM9grxOjjMC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCoxEasley2007" class="citation book">Cox, Steven L.; Easley, Kendell H (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=QjmwuFUksOQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Harmony of the Gospels</i></a>. B&H Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8054-9444-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8054-9444-0">978-0-8054-9444-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harmony+of+the+Gospels&rft.pub=B%26H+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8054-9444-0&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Steven+L.&rft.au=Easley%2C+Kendell+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DQjmwuFUksOQC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCrossanWatts1999" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/John_Dominic_Crossan" title="John Dominic Crossan">Crossan, John D.</a>; Watts, Richard G. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XNkKf5htZq4C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Who Is Jesus?: Answers to Your Questions About the Historical Jesus</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-664-25842-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-664-25842-9">978-0-664-25842-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Is+Jesus%3F%3A+Answers+to+Your+Questions+About+the+Historical+Jesus&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-664-25842-9&rft.aulast=Crossan&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft.au=Watts%2C+Richard+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXNkKf5htZq4C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Crossan is a prominent figure in contemporary historical Jesus research, particularly in advancing the unorthodox view that Jesus was more of a Cynic sage than an apocalyptic prophet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998_445-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998-445"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDickson2008" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Dickson_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Dickson (author) (halaman belum tersedia)">Dickson, John</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jesusshortlife0000dick_v0i4"><i>Jesus: A Short Life</i></a>. Kregel Publications. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8254-7802-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8254-7802-4">978-0-8254-7802-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus%3A+A+Short+Life&rft.pub=Kregel+Publications&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8254-7802-4&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjesusshortlife0000dick_v0i4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDillenberger1999" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Dillenberger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Dillenberger (halaman belum tersedia)">Dillenberger, John</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/imagesrelicstheo0000dill"><i>Images and Relics : Theological Perceptions and Visual Images in Sixteenth-Century Europe: Theological Perceptions and Visual Images in Sixteenth-Century Europe</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-976146-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-976146-3">978-0-19-976146-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Images+and+Relics+%3A+Theological+Perceptions+and+Visual+Images+in+Sixteenth-Century+Europe%3A+Theological+Perceptions+and+Visual+Images+in+Sixteenth-Century+Europe&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-976146-3&rft.aulast=Dillenberger&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fimagesrelicstheo0000dill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDonahueHarrington2002" class="citation book">Donahue, John R.; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_J._Harrington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel J. Harrington (halaman belum tersedia)">Harrington, Daniel J.</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=xZAIsUZOwSQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Gospel of Mark</i></a>. Liturgical Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8146-5804-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8146-5804-8">978-0-8146-5804-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+Mark&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5804-8&rft.aulast=Donahue&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rft.au=Harrington%2C+Daniel+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DxZAIsUZOwSQC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDoninger1999" class="citation book">Doninger, Wendy (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=ZP_f9icf2roC"><i>Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions</i></a>. Merriam-Webster. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-87779-044-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-87779-044-0">978-0-87779-044-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+Encyclopedia+of+World+Religions&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-87779-044-0&rft.aulast=Doninger&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DZP_f9icf2roC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDunn2003" class="citation book">Dunn, James D.G. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=G4qpnvoautgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Jesus Remembered</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-3931-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-3931-2">978-0-8028-3931-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+Remembered&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-3931-2&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=James+D.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DG4qpnvoautgC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Dunn, James D. G. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oralgospeltradit0000dunn"><i>The Oral Gospel Tradition</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oralgospeltradit0000dunn/page/290">290</a>–291.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oral+Gospel+Tradition&rft.pages=290-291&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=James+D.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foralgospeltradit0000dunn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEddyBoyd2007" class="citation book">Eddy, Paul R.; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greg_Boyd_(theologian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greg Boyd (theologian) (halaman belum tersedia)">Boyd, Gregory A.</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=U26_85NmwPUC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Jesus legend: a case for the historical reliability of the synoptic Jesus tradition</i></a>. Baker Academic. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8010-3114-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8010-3114-4">978-0-8010-3114-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jesus+legend%3A+a+case+for+the+historical+reliability+of+the+synoptic+Jesus+tradition&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8010-3114-4&rft.aulast=Eddy&rft.aufirst=Paul+R.&rft.au=Boyd%2C+Gregory+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DU26_85NmwPUC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Erickson, Millard J. (2001). <i>The Concise Dictionary of Christian Theology</i>. Baker Books. hlm. 95.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Dictionary+of+Christian+Theology&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Baker+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=Millard+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEhrman1999" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Bart_D._Ehrman" title="Bart D. Ehrman">Ehrman, Bart</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=c9K_6NN3llcC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-983943-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-983943-8">978-0-19-983943-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus%3A+Apocalyptic+Prophet+of+the+New+Millennium&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-983943-8&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dc9K_6NN3llcC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEvans2003" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Craig_A._Evans" title="Craig A. Evans">Evans, Craig A.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=iZC-tdB35bAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: Matthew-Luke</i></a>. David C. Cook. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7814-3868-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7814-3868-1">978-0-7814-3868-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bible+Knowledge+Background+Commentary%3A+Matthew-Luke&rft.pub=David+C.+Cook&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7814-3868-1&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Craig+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DiZC-tdB35bAC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEvans2005" class="citation book">Evans, Craig A. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=UzWD61mgp7EC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: John's Gospel, Hebrews-Revelation</i></a>. David C. Cook. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7814-4228-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7814-4228-2">978-0-7814-4228-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bible+Knowledge+Background+Commentary%3A+John%27s+Gospel%2C+Hebrews-Revelation&rft.pub=David+C.+Cook&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7814-4228-2&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Craig+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DUzWD61mgp7EC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEvans2012" class="citation book">Evans, Craig A. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=87x8TqW6MJQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Jesus and His World: The Archaeological Evidence</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-664-23413-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-664-23413-3">978-0-664-23413-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+and+His+World%3A+The+Archaeological+Evidence&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-664-23413-3&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Craig+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D87x8TqW6MJQC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFrance2007" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._T._France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. T. France (halaman belum tersedia)">France, R. T.</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=0ruP6J_XPCEC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Gospel of Matthew</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-2501-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-2501-8">978-0-8028-2501-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+Matthew&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2501-8&rft.aulast=France&rft.aufirst=R.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D0ruP6J_XPCEC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFreedman2000" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Noel_Freedman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Noel Freedman (halaman belum tersedia)">Freedman, David N.</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=P9sYIRXZZ2MC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible</i></a>. Amsterdam University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-2400-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-2400-4">978-0-8028-2400-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2400-4&rft.aulast=Freedman&rft.aufirst=David+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DP9sYIRXZZ2MC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Funk, Robert W.; Hoover, Roy W. (1993). <i>The Five Gospels</i>. Harper.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Five+Gospels&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Funk&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft.au=Hoover%2C+Roy+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Garrett, James L. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WZEhBQAAQBAJ&lpg=PA766&dq=resurrection%20before%20after%20second%20coming&pg=PA766#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Systematic Theology, Volume 2, Second Edition: Biblical, Historical, and Evangelical</i></a>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. hlm. 766.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Systematic+Theology%2C+Volume+2%2C+Second+Edition%3A+Biblical%2C+Historical%2C+and+Evangelical&rft.pages=766&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Garrett&rft.aufirst=James+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWZEhBQAAQBAJ%26lpg%3DPA766%26dq%3Dresurrection%2520before%2520after%2520second%2520coming%26pg%3DPA766%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGreenMcKnightMarshall1992" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joel_B._Green&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joel B. Green (halaman belum tersedia)">Green, Joel B.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scot_McKnight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scot McKnight (halaman belum tersedia)">McKnight, Scot</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=I._Howard_Marshall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="I. Howard Marshall (halaman belum tersedia)">Marshall, I. Howard</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=9ntwNm-tOogC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels</i></a>. InterVarsity Press. hlm. 442. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8308-1777-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8308-1777-1">978-0-8308-1777-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Jesus+and+the+Gospels&rft.pages=442&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-1777-1&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Joel+B.&rft.au=McKnight%2C+Scot&rft.au=Marshall%2C+I.+Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D9ntwNm-tOogC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGrudem1994" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayne_Grudem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayne Grudem (halaman belum tersedia)">Grudem, Wayne</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=wzRVN2S8cVgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine</i></a>. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-310-28670-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-310-28670-7">978-0-310-28670-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Systematic+Theology%3A+An+Introduction+to+Biblical+Doctrine&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-310-28670-7&rft.aulast=Grudem&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DwzRVN2S8cVgC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHarris1985" class="citation book">Harris, Stephen L. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/understandingbib0000harr_w2l8"><i>Understanding the Bible</i></a>. Mayfield.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+the+Bible&rft.pub=Mayfield&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Stephen+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funderstandingbib0000harr_w2l8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hezser, Catherine (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bKMkEVSvCoUC&pg=PA59#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Social Structure of the Rabbinic Movement in Roman Palestine</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Social+Structure+of+the+Rabbinic+Movement+in+Roman+Palestine&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Hezser&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbKMkEVSvCoUC%26pg%3DPA59%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHoulden2006" class="citation book">Houlden, J. Leslie (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=Ey8mZKV_jfkC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Jesus: the complete guide</i></a>. Continuum. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8264-8011-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8264-8011-8">978-0-8264-8011-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus%3A+the+complete+guide&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-8011-8&rft.aulast=Houlden&rft.aufirst=J.+Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DEy8mZKV_jfkC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hoekema, Anthony A. (1994). <i>The Bible and the Future</i>. Eerdmans Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bible+and+the+Future&rft.pub=Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Hoekema&rft.aufirst=Anthony+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKöstenbergerKellumQuarles2009" class="citation book">Köstenberger, Andreas J.; Kellum, L. Scott; Quarles, Charles L (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=g-MG9sFLAz0C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament</i></a>. B&H Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8054-4365-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8054-4365-3">978-0-8054-4365-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cradle%2C+the+Cross%2C+and+the+Crown%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+New+Testament&rft.pub=B%26H+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8054-4365-3&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6stenberger&rft.aufirst=Andreas+J.&rft.au=Kellum%2C+L.+Scott&rft.au=Quarles%2C+Charles+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dg-MG9sFLAz0C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLee2004" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Lee_(theologian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorothy Lee (theologian) (halaman belum tersedia)">Lee, Dorothy A.</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=cYWwEefwCegC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Transfiguration</i></a>. Continuum. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8264-7595-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8264-7595-4">978-0-8264-7595-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transfiguration&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-7595-4&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Dorothy+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DcYWwEefwCegC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLevine2006" class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amy-Jill_Levine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amy-Jill Levine (halaman belum tersedia)">Levine, Amy-Jill</a> (2006). "Introduction". Dalam Levine, Amy-Jill; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dale_Allison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dale Allison (halaman belum tersedia)">Allison, Dale C.</a>; Crossan, John D. <i>The Historical Jesus in Context</i>. Princeton Univ Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-691-00992-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-691-00992-6">978-0-691-00992-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Jesus+in+Context&rft.pub=Princeton+Univ+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-691-00992-6&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Amy-Jill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLicona2010" class="citation book">Licona, Michael R. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rv8xNoRBtxMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach</i></a>. InterVarsity Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8308-2719-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8308-2719-0">978-0-8308-2719-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Resurrection+of+Jesus%3A+A+New+Historiographical+Approach&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-2719-0&rft.aulast=Licona&rft.aufirst=Michael+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drv8xNoRBtxMC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMaier1989" class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_L._Maier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul L. Maier (halaman belum tersedia)">Maier, Paul L.</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UCBBY_O88uYC&pg=PA113#v=onepage&q&f=false">"The Date of the Nativity and Chronology of Jesus"</a>. Dalam <a href="/wiki/Jack_Finegan" title="Jack Finegan">Finegan, Jack</a>; Vardaman, Jerry; <a href="/wiki/Edwin_M._Yamauchi" title="Edwin M. Yamauchi">Yamauchi, Edwin M.</a> <i>Chronos, kairos, Christos: nativity and chronological studies</i>. Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-931464-50-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-931464-50-8">978-0-931464-50-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Date+of+the+Nativity+and+Chronology+of+Jesus&rft.btitle=Chronos%2C+kairos%2C+Christos%3A+nativity+and+chronological+studies&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-931464-50-8&rft.aulast=Maier&rft.aufirst=Paul+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUCBBY_O88uYC%26pg%3DPA113%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMajerníkPonessaManhardt2005" class="citation book">Majerník, Ján; Ponessa, Joseph; Manhardt, Laurie W. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=cqP5xHXGYPQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Synoptics: Matthew, Mark, Luke</i></a>. Emmaus Road Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-931018-31-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-931018-31-9">978-1-931018-31-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Synoptics%3A+Matthew%2C+Mark%2C+Luke&rft.pub=Emmaus+Road+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-931018-31-9&rft.aulast=Majern%C3%ADk&rft.aufirst=J%C3%A1n&rft.au=Ponessa%2C+Joseph&rft.au=Manhardt%2C+Laurie+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DcqP5xHXGYPQC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMcGrath2006" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alister_McGrath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alister McGrath (halaman belum tersedia)">McGrath, Alister E.</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v26doW8jIyYC&pg=PA4#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Christianity: An Introduction</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. hlm. 4–6. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4051-0899-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4051-0899-7">978-1-4051-0899-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christianity%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pages=4-6&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-0899-7&rft.aulast=McGrath&rft.aufirst=Alister+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv26doW8jIyYC%26pg%3DPA4%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMeier2006" class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/wiki/John_P._Meier" title="John P. Meier">Meier, John P.</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=37uJRUF6btAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">"How do we decide what comes from Jesus"</a>. Dalam Dunn, James D.G.; McKnight, Scot. <i>The Historical Jesus in Recent Research</i>. Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-57506-100-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-57506-100-9">978-1-57506-100-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=How+do+we+decide+what+comes+from+Jesus&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Jesus+in+Recent+Research&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-100-9&rft.aulast=Meier&rft.aufirst=John+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D37uJRUF6btAC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMillsBullard1998" class="citation book">Mills, Watson E.; Bullard, Roger A. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Mercer dictionary of the Bible</i></a>. Mercer University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-86554-373-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-86554-373-7">978-0-86554-373-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mercer+dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-86554-373-7&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=Watson+E.&rft.au=Bullard%2C+Roger+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dgoq0VWw9rGIC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMorris1992" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon_Morris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leon Morris (halaman belum tersedia)">Morris, Leon</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=-pwaSKcHyEEC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Gospel according to Matthew</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-85111-338-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-85111-338-8">978-0-85111-338-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+according+to+Matthew&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-85111-338-8&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Leon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D-pwaSKcHyEEC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNiswonger1992" class="citation book">Niswonger, Richard L. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=uyAXaNnz9sUC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>New Testament History</i></a>. Zondervan. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-310-31201-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-310-31201-7">978-0-310-31201-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Testament+History&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-310-31201-7&rft.aulast=Niswonger&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DuyAXaNnz9sUC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPannenberg1968" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Pannenberg" title="Wolfhart Pannenberg">Pannenberg, Wolfhart</a> (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=zWfvlpURwiIC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Jesus—God and Man</i></a>. S.C.M. Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-334-00783-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-334-00783-8">978-0-334-00783-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus%E2%80%94God+and+Man&rft.pub=S.C.M.+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=978-0-334-00783-8&rft.aulast=Pannenberg&rft.aufirst=Wolfhart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DzWfvlpURwiIC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPowell1998" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Allan_Powell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Allan Powell (halaman belum tersedia)">Powell, Mark A.</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=IJP4DRCVaUMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Jesus as a Figure in History: How Modern Historians View the Man from Galilee</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-664-25703-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-664-25703-3">978-0-664-25703-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+as+a+Figure+in+History%3A+How+Modern+Historians+View+the+Man+from+Galilee&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-664-25703-3&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Mark+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DIJP4DRCVaUMC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRahner2004" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rahner" title="Karl Rahner">Rahner, Karl</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=WtnR-6_PlJAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Encyclopedia of theology: a concise Sacramentum mundi</i></a>. Continuum. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-86012-006-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-86012-006-3">978-0-86012-006-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+theology%3A+a+concise+Sacramentum+mundi&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-86012-006-3&rft.aulast=Rahner&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DWtnR-6_PlJAC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRausch2003" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Rausch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Rausch (halaman belum tersedia)">Rausch, Thomas P.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=8OJCa6euw5gC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Who is Jesus?: an introduction to Christology</i></a>. Liturgical Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8146-5078-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8146-5078-3">978-0-8146-5078-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+is+Jesus%3F%3A+an+introduction+to+Christology&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5078-3&rft.aulast=Rausch&rft.aufirst=Thomas+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D8OJCa6euw5gC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRedford2007" class="citation book">Redford, Douglas (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=dDMQz5BVFbEC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Life and Ministry of Jesus: The Gospels</i></a>. Standard Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7847-1900-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7847-1900-8">978-0-7847-1900-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Ministry+of+Jesus%3A+The+Gospels&rft.pub=Standard+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7847-1900-8&rft.aulast=Redford&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DdDMQz5BVFbEC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFReed2002" class="citation book">Reed, Jonathan L. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=Xrav1ge-A_sC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Archaeology and the Galilean Jesus: a re-examination of the evidence</i></a>. Continuum. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-56338-394-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-56338-394-6">978-1-56338-394-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeology+and+the+Galilean+Jesus%3A+a+re-examination+of+the+evidence&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-56338-394-6&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DXrav1ge-A_sC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSanders1993" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/E._P._Sanders" title="E. P. Sanders">Sanders, Ed P.</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicalfigure0000sand"><i>The Historical Figure of Jesus</i></a>. Allen Lane Penguin Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7139-9059-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7139-9059-1">978-0-7139-9059-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Figure+of+Jesus&rft.pub=Allen+Lane+Penguin+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-7139-9059-1&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=Ed+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricalfigure0000sand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Sanders is a prominent scholar in contemporary historical Jesus research, particularly for contributing to the mainstream view that Jesus founded a renewal movement within Judaism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998_445-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998-445"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStanton2002" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graham_Stanton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graham Stanton (halaman belum tersedia)">Stanton, Graham</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=A7wNGMrAiD0C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Gospels and Jesus</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-00802-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-00802-0">978-0-521-00802-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospels+and+Jesus&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-00802-0&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DA7wNGMrAiD0C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTheissenMerz1998" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Gerd_Theissen" title="Gerd Theissen">Theissen, Gerd</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Annette_Merz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annette Merz (halaman belum tersedia)">Merz, Annette</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=3ZU97DQMH6UC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Historical Jesus : a Comprehensive Guide</i></a>. Fortress Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4514-0863-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4514-0863-8">978-1-4514-0863-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Jesus+%3A+a+Comprehensive+Guide&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-4514-0863-8&rft.aulast=Theissen&rft.aufirst=Gerd&rft.au=Merz%2C+Annette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D3ZU97DQMH6UC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTheissenWinter2002" class="citation book">Theissen, Gerd; Winter, Dagmar (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=qB5ulgKx4OUC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Quest for the Plausible Jesus: The Question of Criteria</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-664-22537-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-664-22537-7">978-0-664-22537-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quest+for+the+Plausible+Jesus%3A+The+Question+of+Criteria&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-664-22537-7&rft.aulast=Theissen&rft.aufirst=Gerd&rft.au=Winter%2C+Dagmar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DqB5ulgKx4OUC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTwelftree1999" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Graham_Twelftree" title="Graham Twelftree">Twelftree, Graham H.</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DitVtGWdYeYC&pg=PA95#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Jesus the miracle worker: a historical & theological study</i></a>. InterVarsity Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8308-1596-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8308-1596-8">978-0-8308-1596-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+the+miracle+worker%3A+a+historical+%26+theological+study&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-1596-8&rft.aulast=Twelftree&rft.aufirst=Graham+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDitVtGWdYeYC%26pg%3DPA95%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVan_Voorst2000" class="citation book">Van Voorst, Robert E (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=lwzliMSRGGkC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence</i></a>. Eerdmans Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8028-4368-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8028-4368-5">978-0-8028-4368-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+Outside+the+New+Testament%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Ancient+Evidence&rft.pub=Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4368-5&rft.aulast=Van+Voorst&rft.aufirst=Robert+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DlwzliMSRGGkC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVine1940" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Edwy_Vine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Edwy Vine (halaman belum tersedia)">Vine, William E.</a> (1940). <i>Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words</i>. Fleming H. Revell Company. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-916441-31-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-916441-31-9">978-0-916441-31-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Expository+Dictionary+of+New+Testament+Words&rft.pub=Fleming+H.+Revell+Company&rft.date=1940&rft.isbn=978-0-916441-31-9&rft.aulast=Vine&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Geza_Vermes" class="mw-redirect" title="Geza Vermes">Vermes, Geza</a> (1981). <i>Jesus the Jew: A Historian's Reading of the Gospels</i>. Philadelphia: First Fortress. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8006-1443-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8006-1443-7">0-8006-1443-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+the+Jew%3A+A+Historian%27s+Reading+of+the+Gospels&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=First+Fortress&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-8006-1443-7&rft.aulast=Vermes&rft.aufirst=Geza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Geza_Vermes" class="mw-redirect" title="Geza Vermes">Vermes, Geza</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/authenticgospelo00verm"><i>The Authentic Gospel of Jesus</i></a>. London: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/014100360X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/014100360X">014100360X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Authentic+Gospel+of+Jesus&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=014100360X&rft.aulast=Vermes&rft.aufirst=Geza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fauthenticgospelo00verm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWalvoordZuck1983" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Walvoord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Walvoord (halaman belum tersedia)">Walvoord, John F.</a>; Zuck, Roy B. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=DP4UiA4gQNMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Bible Knowledge Commentary: New Testament</i></a>. David C. Cook. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-88207-812-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-88207-812-0">978-0-88207-812-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bible+Knowledge+Commentary%3A+New+Testament&rft.pub=David+C.+Cook&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-88207-812-0&rft.aulast=Walvoord&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft.au=Zuck%2C+Roy+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DDP4UiA4gQNMC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Wilhelm, Joseph (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11049a.htm">"The Nicene Creed"</a>. <i>The Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. <b>11</b>. Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Nicene+Creed&rft.btitle=The+Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Wilhelm&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F11049a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWitherington1997" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Witherington_III" title="Ben Witherington III">Witherington, Ben</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=IE_T3Xh2fyUC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Jesus Quest: The Third Search for the Jew of Nazareth</i></a>. InterVarsity Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8308-1544-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8308-1544-9">978-0-8308-1544-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jesus+Quest%3A+The+Third+Search+for+the+Jew+of+Nazareth&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-1544-9&rft.aulast=Witherington&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DIE_T3Xh2fyUC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYesus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ylsa.org/next/map.php?map=indo8">Peta interaktif pelayanan Yesus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Christianity/Jesus_Christ/">Yesus</a> di Curlie (dari <a href="/wiki/DMOZ" title="DMOZ">DMOZ</a>)</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Latin" lang="Latin">(Latin)</span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latinvulgate.com/christverse.aspx">Perkataan Lengkap Yesus Kristus</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79-84784">Karya atau profil mengenai Yesus</a> di perpustakaan (katalog <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Yesus_footer" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Yesus footer"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Yesus_footer&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yesus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yesus</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nama_dan_gelar_Yesus" title="Nama dan gelar Yesus">Nama dan gelar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristus" title="Kristus">Kristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesias" title="Mesias">Mesias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isa_Almasih" class="mw-redirect" title="Isa Almasih">Isa Almasih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juruselamat" class="mw-redirect" title="Juruselamat">Juruselamat (Penebus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anak_Allah" title="Anak Allah">Anak Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anak_Manusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anak Manusia">Anak Manusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anak_Domba" title="Anak Domba">Anak Domba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anak_Daud" title="Anak Daud">Anak Daud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imanuel" title="Imanuel">Imanuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allah_Anak" title="Allah Anak">Allah Anak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sejarah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keterangan_Tacitus_tentang_Kristus" title="Keterangan Tacitus tentang Kristus">Keterangan Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronologi_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kronologi Yesus">Lini Masa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yesus_dan_nubuat_mesianik" title="Yesus dan nubuat mesianik">Penggenapan Nubuat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silsilah_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Silsilah Yesus">Silsilah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yesus_sebagai_tokoh_dalam_sejarah" title="Yesus sebagai tokoh dalam sejarah">Yesus Historis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kehidupan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kelahiran_Yesus" title="Kelahiran Yesus">Kelahiran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natal" title="Natal">Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_(ibu_Yesus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria (ibu Yesus)">Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Yusuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo Yusuf">Yusuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudara-saudara_Yesus" title="Saudara-saudara Yesus">Saudara-saudara Yesus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanak-kanak_Yesus" title="Kanak-kanak Yesus">Masa kanak-kanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahun-tahun_Yesus_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Tahun-tahun Yesus yang tidak diketahui">Tahun-tahun tak diketahui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembaptisan_Yesus" title="Pembaptisan Yesus">Baptisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencobaan_Yesus" title="Pencobaan Yesus">Pencobaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keduabelas_Rasul" class="mw-redirect" title="Keduabelas Rasul">Rasul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penetapan_Kedua_Belas_Rasul" title="Penetapan Kedua Belas Rasul">pemilihan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelayanan_Yesus" title="Pelayanan Yesus">Pelayanan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_Kasih" title="Hukum Kasih">Hukum Kasih</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukjizat_Yesus_Kristus" title="Mukjizat Yesus Kristus">Mukjizat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfigurasi_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfigurasi Yesus">Transfigurasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketunawismaan_Yesus" title="Ketunawismaan Yesus">Tunawisma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yesus_berdoa" title="Yesus berdoa">Doa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesengsaraan_Yesus" title="Kesengsaraan Yesus">Sengsara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perjamuan_Malam" class="mw-redirect" title="Perjamuan Malam">Perjamuan Malam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penangkapan_Yesus" title="Penangkapan Yesus">Penangkapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengadilan_Yesus" title="Pengadilan Yesus">Pengadilan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yesus_memanggul_salib" title="Yesus memanggul salib">Yesus memanggul salib</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kematian_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kematian Yesus">Penyaliban dan kematian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tujuh_Perkataan_Salib" title="Tujuh Perkataan Salib">Tujuh Perkataan Salib</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguburan_Yesus" title="Penguburan Yesus">Penguburan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penurunan_dari_salib" class="mw-redirect" title="Penurunan dari salib">Penurunan dari salib</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_Yesus" title="Kebangkitan Yesus">Kebangkitan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paskah" title="Paskah">Paskah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemunculan_Yesus_setelah_kebangkitan" title="Kemunculan Yesus setelah kebangkitan">Penampakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenaikan_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenaikan Yesus">Kenaikan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amanat_Agung" title="Amanat Agung">Amanat Agung</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pengajaran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kotbah_di_Bukit" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotbah di Bukit">Kotbah di Bukit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kotbah_di_Tempat_Datar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotbah di Tempat Datar">di Tempat Datar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotbah_di_atas_Bukit_Zaitun" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotbah di atas Bukit Zaitun">di atas Bukit Zaitun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doa_Bapa_Kami" title="Doa Bapa Kami">Doa Bapa Kami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ucapan_bahagia" title="Ucapan bahagia">Ucapan bahagia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_Yesus" title="Perumpamaan Yesus">Perumpamaan</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_anak_yang_hilang" title="Perumpamaan anak yang hilang">Anak yang hilang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_bendahara_yang_tidak_jujur" title="Perumpamaan bendahara yang tidak jujur">Bendahara yang tidak jujur</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_benih_yang_tumbuh" title="Perumpamaan benih yang tumbuh">Benih yang tumbuh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_biji_sesawi" title="Perumpamaan biji sesawi">Biji sesawi yang kecil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_dirham_yang_hilang" title="Perumpamaan dirham yang hilang">Dirham yang hilang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_domba_dan_kambing" title="Perumpamaan domba dan kambing">Domba dan kambing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_domba_yang_hilang" title="Perumpamaan domba yang hilang">Domba yang hilang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_dua_macam_dasar" title="Perumpamaan dua macam dasar">Dua macam dasar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_dua_orang_anak" title="Perumpamaan dua orang anak">Dua orang anak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_dua_orang_yang_berhutang" title="Perumpamaan dua orang yang berhutang">Dua orang yang berhutang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_gadis-gadis_yang_bijaksana_dan_gadis-gadis_yang_bodoh" title="Perumpamaan gadis-gadis yang bijaksana dan gadis-gadis yang bodoh">Gadis yang bijaksana</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_Gembala_yang_baik" title="Perumpamaan Gembala yang baik">Gembala yang baik</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_hakim_yang_tidak_benar" title="Perumpamaan hakim yang tidak benar">Hakim yang tidak benar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_berjaga-jaga" title="Perumpamaan berjaga-jaga">Hamba yang berjaga-jaga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_kewaspadaan" title="Perumpamaan kewaspadaan">Hamba yang menanti-nantikan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_hamba_yang_setia_dan_hamba_yang_jahat" title="Perumpamaan hamba yang setia dan hamba yang jahat">Hamba yang setia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_pengampunan" title="Perumpamaan pengampunan">Hamba yang tidak mengampuni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_harta_terpendam" title="Perumpamaan harta terpendam">Harta yang terpendam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_lalang_di_antara_gandum" title="Perumpamaan lalang di antara gandum">Lalang di antara gandum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_mutiara_yang_berharga" title="Perumpamaan mutiara yang berharga">Mutiara yang berharga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_orang_Farisi_dengan_pemungut_cukai" title="Perumpamaan orang Farisi dengan pemungut cukai">Orang Farisi dan pemungut cukai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_orang_kaya_dan_Lazarus_yang_miskin" title="Perumpamaan orang kaya dan Lazarus yang miskin">Orang kaya dan Lazarus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_orang_kaya_yang_bodoh" title="Perumpamaan orang kaya yang bodoh">Orang kaya yang bodoh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_orang_kuat" title="Perumpamaan orang kuat">Orang kuat (Beelzebub)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_orang-orang_yang_berdalih" title="Perumpamaan orang-orang yang berdalih">Orang yang berdalih</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_orang_yang_meminjam_roti" title="Perumpamaan orang yang meminjam roti">Orang yang meminjam roti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_orang_Samaria_yang_murah_hati" title="Perumpamaan orang Samaria yang murah hati">Orang Samaria yang murah hati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_pelita_dan_ukuran" title="Perumpamaan pelita dan ukuran">Pelita dan ukuran</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_seorang_penabur" title="Perumpamaan seorang penabur">Penabur dan benih</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_penggarap-penggarap_kebun_anggur" title="Perumpamaan penggarap-penggarap kebun anggur">Penggarap kebun anggur yang jahat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_orang-orang_upahan_di_kebun_anggur" title="Perumpamaan orang-orang upahan di kebun anggur">Pekerja di kebun anggur</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_perjamuan_kawin" title="Perumpamaan perjamuan kawin">Perjamuan kawin yang besar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_pohon_ara" title="Perumpamaan pohon ara">Pohon ara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_pohon_ara_yang_tidak_berbuah" title="Perumpamaan pohon ara yang tidak berbuah">Pohon ara yang tidak berbuah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_pokok_anggur_yang_benar" title="Perumpamaan pokok anggur yang benar">Pokok anggur yang benar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_pukat" title="Perumpamaan pukat">Pukat dan ikan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_ragi" title="Perumpamaan ragi">Ragi dan tepung</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_talenta" title="Perumpamaan talenta">Talenta dan mina</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Baru" title="Perjanjian Baru">Perjanjian Baru (PB)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Injil" title="Injil">Injil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Injil_Matius" title="Injil Matius">Matius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injil_Markus" title="Injil Markus">Markus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injil_Lukas" title="Injil Lukas">Lukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injil_Yohanes" title="Injil Yohanes">Yohanes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmoni_Injil" title="Harmoni Injil">Harmoni Injil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tradisi_Injil_lisan" title="Tradisi Injil lisan">Tradisi Injil lisan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehidupan_Yesus_dalam_Perjanjian_Baru" title="Kehidupan Yesus dalam Perjanjian Baru">Yesus dalam PB</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" class="extiw" title="en:Historical background of the New Testament">Latar belakang sejarah PB</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" class="extiw" title="en:New Testament places associated with Jesus">Tempat-tempat terkait</a></li> <li>Lima amanat/khotbah Yesus dalam <a href="/wiki/Injil_Matius" title="Injil Matius">Injil Matius</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Kotbah_di_Bukit" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotbah di Bukit">Kotbah di Bukit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matius_10" title="Matius 10">Kotbah tentang penginjilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matius_13" title="Matius 13">Kotbah dalam bentuk perumpamaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matius_18" title="Matius 18">Kotbah tentang gereja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotbah_di_atas_Bukit_Zaitun" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotbah di atas Bukit Zaitun">Kotbah di atas Bukit Zaitun</a></li></ol></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Budaya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Yesus">Bahasa Yesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram_Yesus" title="Bahasa Aram Yesus">Aram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani_Koine" title="Bahasa Yunani Koine">Yunani Koine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_books_about_Jesus" class="extiw" title="en:List of books about Jesus">Bibliografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_film_mengenai_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar film mengenai Yesus">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_dan_penampilan_Yesus" title="Ras dan penampilan Yesus">Ras dan penampilan Yesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikonografi" title="Ikonografi">Ikonografi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kristen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kristus" title="Kristus">Kristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristologi" title="Kristologi">Kristologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simbol_Kristen" title="Simbol Kristen">Kristogram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salib_Kristen" title="Salib Kristen">Salib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi_Rho" class="mw-redirect" title="Chi Rho">Chi Rho</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubuh_Kristus" title="Tubuh Kristus">Tubuh Kristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yesus_dalam_karya_seni" title="Yesus dalam karya seni">Penggambaran Yesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandangan_Kristen_tentang_Yesus" title="Pandangan Kristen tentang Yesus">Pandangan Kristen tentang Yesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedatangan_Kedua_Yesus_Kristus" title="Kedatangan Kedua Yesus Kristus">Kedatangan kedua Yesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penghakiman_Yesus" title="Penghakiman Yesus">Penghakiman Yesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antikristus" title="Antikristus">Antikristus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Berkaitan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saudara-saudara_Yesus" title="Saudara-saudara Yesus">Saudara-saudara Yesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keluarga_Kudus" title="Keluarga Kudus">Keluarga Kudus</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuism" class="extiw" title="en:Jesuism">Yesuisme</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_in_comparative_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Jesus in comparative mythology">Yesus dalam mitologi komparatif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_mitos_Yesus" title="Teori mitos Yesus">Teori mitos Yesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isa" title="Isa">Yesus dalam Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="extiw" title="en:Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Ahmadiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_in_Scientology" class="extiw" title="en:Jesus in Scientology">Yesus dalam Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandangan_Yahudi_tentang_Yesus" title="Pandangan Yahudi tentang Yesus">Pandangan Agama Yahudi</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_in_the_Talmud" class="extiw" title="en:Jesus in the Talmud">di dalam Talmud</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_Jesus" class="extiw" title="en:Master Jesus">Guru Yesus</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_the_Splendour" class="extiw" title="en:Jesus the Splendour">Yesus yang Agung</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus" class="extiw" title="en:Religious perspectives on Jesus">Perspektif agamawi mengenai Yesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kritik_terhadap_Yesus" title="Kritik terhadap Yesus">Kritisisme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kesehatan_mental_Yesus" title="Kesehatan mental Yesus">Kesehatan mental</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint plainlist portalbox portalborder tright"> <ul> <li><span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/60px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/120px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kristen" title="Portal:Kristen">Portal Kristen </a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons page"><img alt="Commons page" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jesus" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Jesus">Commons</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="Wikiquote page" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Yesus" class="extiw" title="q:Yesus">Wikiquote</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pranala_ke_artikel_terkait" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Pranala_ke_artikel_terkait" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Pranala ke artikel terkait</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Peristiwa_utama_dalam_kehidupan_Yesus_dalam_Injil" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible {{{state}}} navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Peristiwa_utama_dalam_kehidupan_Yesus" title="Templat:Peristiwa utama dalam kehidupan Yesus"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Peristiwa_utama_dalam_kehidupan_Yesus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Peristiwa utama dalam kehidupan Yesus (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Peristiwa_utama_dalam_kehidupan_Yesus&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Peristiwa_utama_dalam_kehidupan_Yesus_dalam_Injil" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kronologi_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kronologi Yesus">Peristiwa</a> utama dalam kehidupan <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yesus</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Injil" title="Injil">Injil</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kelahiran_Yesus" title="Kelahiran Yesus">Kelahiran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanak-kanak_Yesus" title="Kanak-kanak Yesus">Masa kanak-kanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembaptisan_Yesus" title="Pembaptisan Yesus">Pembaptisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencobaan_Yesus" title="Pencobaan Yesus">Pencobaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penetapan_Kedua_Belas_Rasul" title="Penetapan Kedua Belas Rasul">Pemilihan Rasul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotbah_di_Bukit" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotbah di Bukit">Kotbah di Bukit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfigurasi_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfigurasi Yesus">Transfigurasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perjamuan_Terakhir" class="mw-redirect" title="Perjamuan Terakhir">Perjamuan Terakhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesengsaraan_Yesus" title="Kesengsaraan Yesus">Kesengsaraan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyaliban_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Penyaliban Yesus">Penyaliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_Yesus" title="Kebangkitan Yesus">Kebangkitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenaikan_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenaikan Yesus">Kenaikan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Natal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color: white; background: #F00000"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Natal" title="Templat:Natal"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style="color: white">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Natal" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Natal"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini" style="color: white">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Natal&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style="color: white">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Natal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Natal" title="Natal"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Natal</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color: white; background: #F00000;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Natal" title="Natal"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Natal</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Natal#Sejarah" title="Natal">Sejarah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Natal#Kelahiran_Yesus" title="Natal">Kelahiran Yesus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Natal#Perayaan" title="Natal">Perayaan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Natal#Ekonimi" title="Natal">Ekonomi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Natal#Kebiasaan_lokal" title="Natal">Kebiasaan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Natal#Kontroversi" title="Natal">Kontroversi</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kelahiran Yesus"><img alt="Kelahiran Yesus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans_002.jpg/100px-Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans_002.jpg/150px-Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans_002.jpg/200px-Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3121" data-file-height="4226" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color: white; background: #F00000;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan" title="Kekristenan"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kekristenan</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kelahiran_Yesus" title="Kelahiran Yesus">Kelahiran Yesus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yesus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Anunsiasi" title="Anunsiasi">Pemberitahuan kepada Maria</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Maria" title="Maria">Maria</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mimpi_Yusuf" title="Mimpi Yusuf">Mimpi Yusuf</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Santo_Yusuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo Yusuf">Yusuf</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Malaikat Gabriel</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pemberitahuan_kepada_para_gembala" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemberitahuan kepada para gembala">Pemberitahuan kepada para gembala</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Penyembahan_para_gembala" title="Penyembahan para gembala">Penyembahan para gembala</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Orang-orang_majus_dari_Timur" title="Orang-orang majus dari Timur">Orang majus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Penyembahan_para_majus" class="mw-redirect" title="Penyembahan para majus">Penyembahan para majus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bintang_Natal" title="Bintang Natal">Bintang Natal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Herodes_yang_Agung" class="mw-redirect" title="Herodes yang Agung">Raja Herodes</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pembantaian_Kanak-Kanak_Suci" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembantaian Kanak-Kanak Suci">Pembunuhan anak-anak di Betlehem</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Santo_Nikolas" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo Nikolas">Santo Nikolas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Epifani" title="Epifani">Epifani</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Adven" title="Adven">Adven</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Puasa_Natal" title="Puasa Natal">Puasa Natal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color: white; background: #F00000;width:1%"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Cerita rakyat</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bapak_Natal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bapak Natal (halaman belum tersedia)">Bapak Natal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Santo_Nikolas" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo Nikolas">Santo Nikolas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sinterklas" title="Sinterklas">Sinterklas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibu_Sinterklas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibu Sinterklas (halaman belum tersedia)">Ibu Sinterklas</a> (Ibu Natal)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pit_hitam" title="Pit hitam">Pit hitam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rusa_Sinterklas" title="Rusa Sinterklas">Rusa Sinterklas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Peri#Peri_pada_Natal" title="Peri">Peri</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kutub_Utara" title="Kutub Utara">Kutub Utara</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Tokoh_Natal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Tokoh Natal (halaman belum tersedia)">Tokoh Natal lainnya</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color: white; background: #F00000;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tradisi_Natal" title="Kategori:Tradisi Natal"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Tradisi</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Duabelas_Hari_Natal" title="Duabelas Hari Natal">Duabelas Hari Natal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Malam_Natal" title="Malam Natal">Malam Natal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pohon_Natal" title="Pohon Natal">Pohon Natal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hiasan_Natal" title="Hiasan Natal">Hiasan Natal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_Natal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu Natal (halaman belum tersedia)">Lampu Natal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kartu_Natal" title="Kartu Natal">Kartu Natal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pasar_Natal" title="Pasar Natal">Pasar Natal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gua_Natal" class="mw-redirect" title="Gua Natal">Gua Natal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kaos_kaki_Natal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaos kaki Natal">Kaos kaki</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Permen_tongkat" title="Permen tongkat">Permen tongkat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/NORAD_Tracks_Santa" title="NORAD Tracks Santa">NORAD Tracks Santa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Tanaman_Natal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Tanaman Natal (halaman belum tersedia)">Tanaman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Makanan_Natal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Makanan Natal (halaman belum tersedia)">Makanan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_budaya_Natal" title="Sejarah budaya Natal">Sejarah budaya Natal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Perayaan_Natal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Perayaan Natal (halaman belum tersedia)">Perayaan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color: white; background: #F00000;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Natal_di_media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Natal di media (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Media</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Film_Natal" title="Kategori:Film Natal">Film</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Sandiwara_Natal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Sandiwara Natal (halaman belum tersedia)">Sandiwara</a> — <i>TV:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Episode_Natal_di_televisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Episode Natal di televisi (halaman belum tersedia)">Episode</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Edisi_spesial_natal_di_televisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Edisi spesial natal di televisi (halaman belum tersedia)">Spesial</a> — <i>Musik:</i> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Album_Natal" title="Kategori:Album Natal">Album</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_singel_lagu_Natal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar singel lagu Natal (halaman belum tersedia)">Singel</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kidung_Natal" title="Kategori:Kidung Natal">Kidung Natal atau <i>Carol</i></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Lagu_Natal" title="Kategori:Lagu Natal">Musik dan lagu Natal lainnya</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelahiran_Yesus_dalam_seni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelahiran Yesus dalam seni (halaman belum tersedia)">Kelahiran Yesus dalam seni</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color: white; background: #F00000"><div><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Portal: <a href="/wiki/Portal:Kristen" title="Portal:Kristen">Kristen</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Paskah" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Paskah" title="Templat:Paskah"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Paskah" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Paskah"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Paskah&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Paskah" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Paskah" title="Paskah">Paskah</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Paskah" title="Kategori:Paskah">Paskah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_Yesus" title="Kebangkitan Yesus">Kebangkitan Yesus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Paskah" title="Paskah">Minggu Paskah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Paskah#Paskah_dalam_kekristenan" title="Paskah">Teologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Paskah#Etimologi" title="Paskah">Etimologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Paskah#Tanggal_Paskah" title="Paskah">Penanggalan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Paskah#Perayaan_Paskah" title="Paskah">Perayaan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Paskah#Kontroversi_seputar_Paskah" title="Paskah">Kontroversi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan" title="Kekristenan">Kekristenan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yesus_Kristus" class="mw-redirect" title="Yesus Kristus">Yesus Kristus</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Minggu_Sengsara" title="Minggu Sengsara">Minggu Sengsara</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Perjamuan_Malam" class="mw-redirect" title="Perjamuan Malam">Perjamuan Malam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Penangkapan_Yesus" title="Penangkapan Yesus">Penangkapan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Penyaliban_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Penyaliban Yesus">Penyaliban/Kematian</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Penguburan_Yesus" title="Penguburan Yesus">Penguburan</a></small>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Prapaskah" title="Prapaskah">Masa Prapaskah</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Rabu_Abu" title="Rabu Abu">Rabu Abu</a></small>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Masa_Prapuasa_Agung" title="Masa Prapuasa Agung">Masa Prapuasa Agung</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Puasa_Besar" class="mw-redirect" title="Puasa Besar">Puasa Agung</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pekan_Suci" title="Pekan Suci">Pekan Suci</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Minggu_Palma" title="Minggu Palma">Minggu Palma</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Trihari_Suci" title="Trihari Suci">Triduum Paskah</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Kamis_Putih" title="Kamis Putih">Kamis Putih</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Jumat_Agung" title="Jumat Agung">Jumat Agung</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doa_Jumat_Agung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doa Jumat Agung (halaman belum tersedia)">Doa Jumat Agung</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sabtu_Suci" title="Sabtu Suci">Sabtu Suci</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kebaktian_Malam_Paskah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kebaktian Malam Paskah">Kebaktian Malam Paskah</a></small>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Masa_Paskah" title="Masa Paskah">Masa Paskah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pekan_Paskah" title="Pekan Paskah">Pekan Paskah</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Paskah" title="Paskah">Minggu Paskah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Senin_Paskah" title="Senin Paskah">Senin Paskah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Selasa_Paskah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selasa Paskah (halaman belum tersedia)">Selasa Paskah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabu_Paskah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabu Paskah (halaman belum tersedia)">Rabu Paskah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamis_Paskah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamis Paskah (halaman belum tersedia)">Kamis Paskah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jumat_Paskah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jumat Paskah (halaman belum tersedia)">Jumat Paskah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sabtu_Paskah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabtu Paskah">Sabtu Paskah</a></small>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Oktaf_Paskah" title="Oktaf Paskah">Oktaf Paskah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertengahan_Pentakosta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertengahan Pentakosta (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertengahan Pentakosta</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kenaikan_Yesus_Kristus" title="Kenaikan Yesus Kristus">Asensi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pentakosta" title="Pentakosta">Pentakosta</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Minggu_Trinitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Minggu Trinitas">Minggu Trinitas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Puasa_Para_Rasul" title="Puasa Para Rasul">Puasa Para Rasul</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Salam_Paskah" title="Salam Paskah">Salam Paskah</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tradisi_Paskah" title="Kategori:Tradisi Paskah">Tradisi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lilin_Paskah" title="Lilin Paskah">Lilin Paskah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bakung_Paskah" title="Bakung Paskah">Bakung Paskah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kelinci_Paskah" title="Kelinci Paskah">Kelinci Paskah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kartu_Paskah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kartu Paskah (halaman belum tersedia)">Kartu Paskah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Telur_Paskah" title="Telur Paskah">Telur Paskah</a>: <a href="/wiki/Telur_Paskah#Hiasan" title="Telur Paskah">Menghias telur Paskah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Telur_Paskah#Permainan" title="Telur Paskah">Berburu telur Paskah</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bulan_Purnama_Paskah" title="Bulan Purnama Paskah">Bulan Purnama Paskah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Festival_Paskah_Salzburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Festival Paskah Salzburg (halaman belum tersedia)">Festival Paskah Salzburg</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Maslenitsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Maslenitsa">Maslenitsa</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Paskah_Yahudi" title="Paskah Yahudi">Paskah Yahudi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Kristen" title="Portal:Kristen">Portal:Kristen</a><br /><b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_book_class2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia book"><img alt="Wikipedia book" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/20px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/40px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Buku/Paskah" title="Wikipedia:Buku/Paskah">Wikipedia:Buku/Paskah</a></b> - <b><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Paskah" class="extiw" title="b:Paskah">BukuWiki Paskah</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26593761" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tokoh_Perjanjian_Baru" style="width=50px;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Tokoh_Perjanjian_Baru" title="Templat:Tokoh Perjanjian Baru"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Tokoh_Perjanjian_Baru" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Tokoh Perjanjian Baru"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tokoh_Perjanjian_Baru&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tokoh_Perjanjian_Baru" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_nama_tokoh_dalam_Alkitab#Tokoh_Perjanjian_Baru" title="Daftar nama tokoh dalam Alkitab">Tokoh Perjanjian Baru</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#ccf;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Dalam kitab-kitab <a href="/wiki/Injil" title="Injil">Injil</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pemimpin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i> <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Kristus" title="Kristus">Kristus</a></b> </i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pribadi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfeus" title="Alfeus">Alfeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barabas" title="Barabas">Barabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartimeus_(tokoh_Alkitab)" title="Bartimeus (tokoh Alkitab)">Bartimeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hana_(nabiah)" title="Hana (nabiah)">Hana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanas" title="Hanas">Hanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayafas" title="Kayafas">Kayafas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleopas" title="Kleopas">Kleopas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iblis_dalam_Kekristenan" title="Iblis dalam Kekristenan">Iblis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabet_(tokoh_Alkitab)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabet (tokoh Alkitab)">Elisabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_dari_Betania" class="mw-redirect" title="Lazarus dari Betania">Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malkhus" title="Malkhus">Malkhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markus" title="Markus">Markus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marta" title="Marta">Marta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Magdalena" title="Maria Magdalena">Maria Magdalena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria" title="Maria">Maria ibu Yesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_dari_Betania" title="Maria dari Betania">Maria saudari Marta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_(isteri_Klopas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria (isteri Klopas)">Maria (isteri Klopas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikodemus" title="Nikodemus">Nikodemus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikodemus_ben_Gurion" title="Nikodemus ben Gurion">Nikodemus ben Gurion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_(murid_Yesus)" title="Salome (murid Yesus)">Salome (murid Yesus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(orang_saleh)" title="Simeon (orang saleh)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_dari_Kirene" title="Simon dari Kirene">Simon dari Kirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_orang_Farisi" title="Simon orang Farisi">Simon orang Farisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_(saudara_Yesus)" title="Simon (saudara Yesus)">Simon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saudara_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudara Yesus">saudara Yesus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_si_kusta" title="Simon si kusta">Simon si kusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susana_(tokoh_Perjanjian_Baru)" title="Susana (tokoh Perjanjian Baru)">Susana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teofilus" title="Teofilus">Teofilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yairus" class="mw-redirect" title="Yairus">Yairus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakobus_yang_Adil" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakobus yang Adil">Yakobus Muda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saudara_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudara Yesus">saudara Yesus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohana_(isteri_Khuza)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yohana (isteri Khuza)">Yohana (isteri Khuza)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohanes_Pembaptis" title="Yohanes Pembaptis">Yohanes Pembaptis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoses" title="Yoses">Yusuf</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saudara_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudara Yesus">saudara Yesus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yudas_(saudara_Yesus)" title="Yudas (saudara Yesus)">Yudas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saudara_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudara Yesus">saudara Yesus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Yusuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo Yusuf">Yusuf (suami Maria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_dari_Arimatea" title="Yusuf dari Arimatea">Yusuf Arimatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakheus" title="Zakheus">Zakheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakharia_(imam)" title="Zakharia (imam)">Zakharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebedeus" title="Zebedeus">Zebedeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Tidak bernama</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anak_janda_dari_Nain" title="Anak janda dari Nain">Anak janda dari Nain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murid_yang_Yesus_kasihi" title="Murid yang Yesus kasihi">Murid yang Yesus kasihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_buta_dari_Betsaida" title="Orang buta dari Betsaida">Orang buta dari Betsaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_telanjang_yang_mengikuti" title="Orang telanjang yang mengikuti">Orang telanjang yang mengikuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yairus" class="mw-redirect" title="Yairus">Putri Yairus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pejabat Romawi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herodes_yang_Agung" class="mw-redirect" title="Herodes yang Agung">Herodes Agung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodes_Antipas" title="Herodes Antipas">Herodes Antipas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodes_Arkhelaus" title="Herodes Arkhelaus">Herodes Arkhelaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipus_bin_Herodes_(raja)" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipus bin Herodes (raja)">Herodes Filipus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodias" title="Herodias">Herodias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisanias" title="Lisanias">Lisanias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilatus" title="Pontius Pilatus">Pontius Pilatus</a> dan istrinya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirenius" title="Kirenius">Kirenius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_anak_Herodias" title="Salome anak Herodias">Salome anak Herodias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a><br /></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kelompok</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legion_(roh_jahat)" title="Legion (roh jahat)">Legion (roh jahat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelologi_Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Angelologi Kristen">Malaikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penginjil" class="mw-redirect" title="Penginjil">Penginjil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodian" title="Herodian">Herodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang-orang_majus_dari_Timur" title="Orang-orang majus dari Timur">Orang majus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farisi" title="Farisi">Orang Farisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Saduki" class="mw-redirect" title="Orang Saduki">Orang Saduki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Samaria" title="Orang Samaria">Orang Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Zelot" title="Orang Zelot">Orang Zelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tujuh_puluh_murid" title="Tujuh puluh murid">70 Murid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#ccf;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Rasul" title="Templat:Rasul"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Rasul" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Rasul"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Rasul&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kedua_belas_Rasul_Yesus_Kristus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kedua_belas_Rasul" class="mw-redirect" title="Kedua belas Rasul">Kedua belas Rasul</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Kristus" title="Kristus">Kristus</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Petrus" title="Simon Petrus">Simon Petrus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Andreas" title="Andreas">Andreas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Yohanes" title="Yohanes">Yohanes</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Yakobus" title="Yakobus">Yakobus</a> anak-anak <a href="/wiki/Zebedeus" title="Zebedeus">Zebedeus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Filipus" title="Filipus">Filipus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Yakobus_anak_Alfeus" title="Yakobus anak Alfeus">Yakobus anak Alfeus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Matius" title="Matius">Matius</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tomas" title="Tomas">Tomas</a>/Didimus<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeus" title="Bartolomeus">Bartolomeus</a>/Natanael<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Yudas_bin_Yakobus" title="Yudas bin Yakobus">Yudas anak Yakobus</a>/Tadeus<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Simon_orang_Zelot" title="Simon orang Zelot">Simon orang Zelot</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Matias" title="Matias">Matias</a> (menggantikan <a href="/wiki/Yudas_Iskariot" title="Yudas Iskariot">Yudas Iskariot</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Kisah_Para_Rasul" title="Kisah Para Rasul">Kisah Para Rasul</a> dan Surat-surat para Rasul</b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#ccf;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pemimpin<br />(selain 12 rasul)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulus_dari_Tarsus" title="Paulus dari Tarsus">Paulus, yang nama Yahudinya, Saulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakobus_yang_Adil" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakobus yang Adil">Yakobus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saudara_Yesus_Kristus" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudara Yesus Kristus">saudara Yesus Kristus</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pribadi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhaikus" title="Akhaikus">Akhaikus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_dan_Safira" title="Ananias dan Safira">Ananias dan Safira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_dari_Damsyik" title="Ananias dari Damsyik">Ananias dari Damsyik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_(Imam_Besar)" title="Ananias (Imam Besar)">Ananias (Imam Besar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apfia" class="mw-redirect" title="Apfia">Apfia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apolos" title="Apolos">Apolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akwila_dan_Priskila" title="Akwila dan Priskila">Akwila dan Priskila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristarkhus_dari_Tesalonika" title="Aristarkhus dari Tesalonika">Aristarkhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkhipus" title="Arkhipus">Arkhipus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas" title="Artemas">Artemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernike" title="Bernike">Bernike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elimas" title="Elimas">Baryesus (Elimas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_(tokoh_Alkitab)" title="Demetrius (tokoh Alkitab)">Demetrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionisius_dari_Areopagus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dionisius dari Areopagus">Dionisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorkas" title="Dorkas">Dorkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eneas" title="Eneas">Eneas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epafras" title="Epafras">Epafras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epafroditus" title="Epafroditus">Epafroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutikhus" title="Eutikhus">Eutikhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Febe" title="Febe">Febe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filemon" title="Filemon">Filemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortunatus" title="Fortunatus">Fortunatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamaliel" title="Gamaliel">Gamaliel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayus" title="Gayus">Gayus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krispus" title="Krispus">Krispus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kloe" title="Kloe">Kloe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kornelius_(tokoh_Alkitab)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kornelius (tokoh Alkitab)">Kornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidia_dari_Tiatira" title="Lidia dari Tiatira">Lidia dari Tiatira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukas" title="Lukas">Lukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukius_dari_Kirene" class="mw-redirect" title="Lukius dari Kirene">Lukius dari Kirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_ibu_Markus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria ibu Markus">Maria ibu Markus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menahem_dari_Antiokhia" title="Menahem dari Antiokhia">Menahem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohanes_Markus" title="Yohanes Markus">(Yohanes) Markus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesiforus" title="Onesiforus">Onesiforus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesimus" title="Onesimus">Onesimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publius" title="Publius">Publius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skewa" title="Skewa">Skewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silas/Silwanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Niger" title="Simeon Niger">Simeon</a> yang disebut Niger</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_sang_Penyihir" title="Simon sang Penyihir">Simon sang Penyihir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopater" title="Sopater">Sopater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sostenes" title="Sostenes">Sostenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanus_dari_Korintus" title="Stefanus dari Korintus">Stefanus dari Korintus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabita" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabita">Tabita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertius" title="Tertius">Tertius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teudas" title="Teudas">Teudas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikhikus" title="Tikhikus">Tikhikus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Timotius" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo Timotius">Timotius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_(tokoh_Alkitab)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titus (tokoh Alkitab)">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trofimus" title="Trofimus">Trofimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yason" class="mw-disambig" title="Yason">Yason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yudas_dari_Galilea" title="Yudas dari Galilea">Yudas dari Galilea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yudas_Barsabas" title="Yudas Barsabas">Yudas Barsabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Barsabas" title="Yusuf Barsabas">Yusuf Barsabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenas" title="Zenas">Zenas</a><br /></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diaken" title="Diaken">Tujuh Diaken</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Stefanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo Stefanus">Stefanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipus_(diaken)" title="Filipus (diaken)">Filipus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prokhorus_(diaken)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokhorus (diaken)">Prokhorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikanor_(diaken)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikanor (diaken)">Nikanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timon_(diaken)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timon (diaken)">Timon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmenas_(diaken)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parmenas (diaken)">Parmenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_(diaken)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolaus (diaken)">Nikolaus</a><br /></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pejabat Romawi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agripa_I" title="Agripa I">Agripa I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agripa_II" title="Agripa II">Agripa II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonius_Feliks" title="Antonius Feliks">Feliks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretas_IV" title="Aretas IV">Aretas IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaudius_Lisias" title="Klaudius Lisias">Klaudius Lisias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galio" title="Galio">Galio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkius_Festus" title="Perkius Festus">Perkius Festus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_Paulus" title="Sergius Paulus">Sergius Paulus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#ccf; font-size: smaller;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tokoh_Perjanjian_Baru" title="Kategori:Tokoh Perjanjian Baru">Daftar artikel</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Baru" title="Perjanjian Baru">Perjanjian Baru</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pelayanan_Yesus" title="Pelayanan Yesus">Pelayanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujizat_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mujizat Yesus">Mujizat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perumpamaan_Yesus" title="Perumpamaan Yesus">Perumpamaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronologi_kehidupan_Yesus" title="Kronologi kehidupan Yesus">Kronologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nama_dan_gelar_Yesus" title="Nama dan gelar Yesus">Nama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat-surat_Paulus" title="Surat-surat Paulus">Surat Paulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat-surat_Am" class="mw-redirect" title="Surat-surat Am">Surat Am</a> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint plainlist portalbox portalborder tright"></div></li></ul> <ul> <li><span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/60px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/120px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kristen" title="Portal:Kristen">Portal Kristen </a></span></li></ul></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nabi_dan_Rasul_yang_disebutkan_dalam_Al-Qur&#039;an" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Nabi_dan_Rasul_dalam_Al-Qur%27an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Nabi dan Rasul dalam Al-Qur'an (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Nabi_dan_Rasul_dalam_Al-Qur%27an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Nabi dan Rasul dalam Al-Qur'an (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Nabi_dan_Rasul_dalam_Al-Qur%27an&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nabi_dan_Rasul_yang_disebutkan_dalam_Al-Qur&#039;an" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nabi_dan_rasul_dalam_Islam" title="Nabi dan rasul dalam Islam">Nabi dan Rasul</a> yang disebutkan dalam <a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">آدم</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">إدريس</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">نوح</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">هود</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">صالح</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">إبراهيم</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">لوط</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">إسماعيل</span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_(tokoh_Al-Qur%27an)" title="Adam (tokoh Al-Qur'an)">Adam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Idris" title="Idris">Idris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henokh_(leluhur_Nuh)" title="Henokh (leluhur Nuh)">Henokh</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nuh_(tokoh_Al-Qur%27an)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuh (tokoh Al-Qur'an)">Nuh</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuh" title="Nuh">Nuh</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hud" title="Hud">Hud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eber" title="Eber">Eber</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Saleh" title="Saleh">Saleh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selah" title="Selah">Selah</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim" title="Ibrahim">Ibrahim</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lut" title="Lut">Lut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot" title="Lot">Lot</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ismail" title="Ismail">Ismail</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismael" title="Ismael">Ismael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">إسحاق</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">يعقوب</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">يوسف</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">أيوب</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">شُعيب</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">موسى</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">هارون</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">داود</span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ishak_(tokoh_Al-Qur%27an)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishak (tokoh Al-Qur'an)">Ishaq</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishak" title="Ishak">Ishak</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakub_(tokoh_Al-Qur%27an)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakub (tokoh Al-Qur'an)">Ya'qub</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakub" title="Yakub">Yakub</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_(tokoh_Al-Qur%27an)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf (tokoh Al-Qur'an)">Yusuf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf" title="Yusuf">Yusuf</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ayub_(tokoh_Al-Qur%27an)" title="Ayub (tokoh Al-Qur'an)">Ayyub</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayub" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ayub">Ayub</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Syu%27aib" class="mw-redirect" title="Syu'aib">Syu'aib</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitro" title="Yitro">Yitro</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Musa_(tokoh_Al-Qur%27an)" title="Musa (tokoh Al-Qur'an)">Musa</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa" title="Musa">Musa</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Harun_(tokoh_Al-Qur%27an)" title="Harun (tokoh Al-Qur'an)">Harun</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harun" class="mw-disambig" title="Harun">Harun</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daud_(tokoh_Al-Qur%27an)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daud (tokoh Al-Qur'an)">Dawud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daud" title="Daud">Daud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">سليمان</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">إلياس</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">إليسع</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">يونس</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">ذو الكفل</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">زكريا</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">يحيى</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">عيسى</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:large;">مُحمد</span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman" title="Sulaiman">Sulaiman</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salomo" title="Salomo">Salomo</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ilyas" title="Ilyas">Ilyas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia" title="Elia">Elia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ilyasa" title="Ilyasa">Ilyasa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisa" title="Elisa">Elisa</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yunus" title="Yunus">Yunus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zulkifli" title="Zulkifli">Zulkifli</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zakariyya" title="Zakariyya">Zakariyya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakharia" class="mw-disambig" title="Zakharia">Zakharia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yahya" title="Yahya">Yahya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohanes_Pembaptis" title="Yohanes Pembaptis">Yohanes Pembaptis</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Isa" title="Isa">Isa</a></b></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yesus</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;;;;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div>Umat Muslim meyakini bahwa telah banyak nabi diutus oleh <a href="/wiki/Allah_(Islam)" title="Allah (Islam)">Allah</a> untuk umat manusia. Nabi-nabi ini disebutkan namanya dalam Al-Qur'an. <b>Tebal:</b> lima rasul yang mendapatkan gelar <a href="/wiki/Ululazmi" title="Ululazmi">Ululazmi</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kekristenan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kristen_footer" title="Templat:Kristen footer"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Kristen_footer" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kristen footer"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kristen_footer&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kekristenan" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan" title="Kekristenan">Kekristenan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indeks_artikel_terkait_Kekristenan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indeks artikel terkait Kekristenan (halaman belum tersedia)">Indeks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis-garis_besar_Kekristenan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis-garis besar Kekristenan (halaman belum tersedia)">Garis-Garis Besar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glosarium_Kekristenan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glosarium Kekristenan (halaman belum tersedia)">Glosarium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_tokoh_Kristen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar tokoh Kristen (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar tokoh Kristen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristen_menurut_negara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen menurut negara">Menurut Negara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alkitab" title="Alkitab">Alkitab</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanon_Alkitab" title="Kanon Alkitab">Kanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Lama" title="Perjanjian Lama">Perjanjian Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Baru" title="Perjanjian Baru">Perjanjian Baru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dasar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gereja" title="Gereja">Gereja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kredo" title="Kredo">Syahadat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabar_Baik" title="Kabar Baik">Injil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Baru_(teologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perjanjian Baru (teologi)">Perjanjian Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradisi_Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Tradisi Kristen">Tradisi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibadat_Kristen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibadat Kristen (halaman belum tersedia)">Ibadat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Kekristenan" title="Sejarah Kekristenan">Sejarah</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Linimasa_Kekristenan" class="mw-redirect" title="Linimasa Kekristenan">Lini Masa</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Kekristenan#Gereja_mula-mula" title="Sejarah Kekristenan">Kristen Perdana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pandangan_Kristen_tentang_Yesus" title="Pandangan Kristen tentang Yesus">Yesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kelahiran_Yesus" title="Kelahiran Yesus">Kelahiran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembaptisan_Yesus" title="Pembaptisan Yesus">Pembaptisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelayanan_Yesus" title="Pelayanan Yesus">Karya Pelayanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotbah_di_Bukit" title="Khotbah di Bukit">Khotbah di Bukit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyaliban_dan_kematian_Yesus" title="Penyaliban dan kematian Yesus">Wafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_Yesus" title="Kebangkitan Yesus">Kebangkitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanat_Agung" title="Amanat Agung">Amanat Agung</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para_rasul" title="Para rasul">Para Rasul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bapa_Gereja" title="Bapa Gereja">Bapa-Bapa Gereja</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bapa_Apostolik" title="Bapa Apostolik">Bapa-Bapa Apostolik</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Raya" title="Gereja Raya">Gereja Raya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekristenan_pada_zaman_Pra-Nikea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekristenan pada zaman Pra-Nikea (halaman belum tersedia)">Zaman Pra-Nikea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_pada_Abad_Kuno_Akhir" title="Kekristenan pada Abad Kuno Akhir">Akhir Abad Kuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinus_Agung_dan_Kekristenan" title="Konstantinus Agung dan Kekristenan">Konstantinus Agung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tujuh_konsili_oikumenis_pertama" title="Tujuh konsili oikumenis pertama">Tujuh Konsili Ekumene Pertama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konsili_Nikea_I" title="Konsili Nikea I">Nikea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konsili_Kalsedon" title="Konsili Kalsedon">Kalsedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_negara_Kekaisaran_Romawi" title="Gereja negara Kekaisaran Romawi">Gereja Negara Kekaisaran Romawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanon_Alkitab" title="Kanon Alkitab">Kanon Alkitab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_pada_Abad_Pertengahan" title="Kekristenan pada Abad Pertengahan">Abad Pertengahan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monastisisme_Kristiani" title="Monastisisme Kristiani">Zuhud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negara_Gereja" title="Negara Gereja">Negara Gereja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skisma_Timur%E2%80%93Barat" title="Skisma Timur–Barat">Skisma Akbar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontroversi_Investitur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontroversi Investitur (halaman belum tersedia)">Kontroversi Investitur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Salib" title="Perang Salib">Perang Salib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_dan_Zaman_Penjelajahan" title="Gereja Katolik dan Zaman Penjelajahan">Abad Penjelajahan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_pada_zaman_modern" title="Kekristenan pada zaman modern">Zaman Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformasi_Protestan" title="Reformasi Protestan">Reformasi Protestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformasi_Katolik" title="Reformasi Katolik">Reformasi Katolik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Tiga_Puluh_Tahun" title="Perang Tiga Puluh Tahun">Perang Tiga Puluh Tahun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abad_Pencerahan" title="Abad Pencerahan">Abad Pencerahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekristenisasi_Prancis_pada_Revolusi_Prancis" title="Dekristenisasi Prancis pada Revolusi Prancis">Revolusi Prancis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penindasan_terhadap_orang_Kristen" title="Penindasan terhadap orang Kristen">Persekusi</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penindasan_umat_Kristen_di_Uni_Soviet" title="Penindasan umat Kristen di Uni Soviet">Komunis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam dan Kristen">Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Denominasi_Kristen" title="Denominasi Kristen">Denominasi</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Daftar_denominasi_Kristen" title="Daftar denominasi Kristen">Daftar</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_Barat" title="Kekristenan Barat">Kristen Barat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventisme" title="Adventisme">Adventis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptis" title="Anabaptis">Anabaptis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglikanisme" title="Anglikanisme">Anglikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Baptis" title="Gereja Baptis">Baptis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelikalisme" title="Evangelikalisme">Injili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvinisme" title="Calvinisme">Kalvinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristen_kharismatik" title="Kristen kharismatik">Karismatik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Katolik">Katolik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_Kekudusan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerakan Kekudusan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kekudusan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheranisme">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Metodis" title="Gereja Metodis">Metodis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Pentakosta" title="Gereja Pentakosta">Pentakosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestanisme" title="Protestanisme">Protestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaum_Quaker" title="Kaum Quaker">Perhimpunan Handai Tolan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_Timur" title="Kekristenan Timur">Kristen Timur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Timur" title="Gereja Ortodoks Timur">Ortodoks Timur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Oriental" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Ortodoks Oriental">Ortodoks Oriental (Miafisit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_dari_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja dari Timur">Gereja di Timur (Nestorian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja-Gereja_Katolik_Timur" title="Gereja-Gereja Katolik Timur">Katolik Timur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorasionisme" title="Restorasionisme">Restorasionis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saksi-Saksi_Yehuwa" title="Saksi-Saksi Yehuwa">Saksi Yehuwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Orang_Suci_Zaman_Akhir" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerakan Orang Suci Zaman Akhir">Gerakan Orang Suci Zaman Akhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" class="mw-redirect" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Teologi_Kristen" title="Teologi Kristen">Teologi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allah_(Kristen)" title="Allah (Kristen)">Allah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tritunggal" title="Tritunggal">Tritunggal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allah_Bapa" title="Allah Bapa">Bapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allah_Anak" title="Allah Anak">Anak/Putra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roh_Kudus_(Kekristenan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roh Kudus (Kekristenan)">Roh Kudus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristologi" title="Kristologi">Kristologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syahadat_Nikea" class="mw-redirect" title="Syahadat Nikea">Syahadat Nikea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradisi_Suci" title="Tradisi Suci">Tradisi Suci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosa_asal" title="Dosa asal">Dosa Asal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keselamatan_(Kristen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keselamatan (Kristen)">Keselamatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahir_kembali" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lahir kembali">Lahir Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibadat_Kristen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibadat Kristen (halaman belum tersedia)">Ibadat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariologi" title="Mariologi">Mariologi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Teotokos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo" title="Santo">Orang Kudus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eklesiologi" title="Eklesiologi">Eklesiologi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empat_Ciri_Gereja" title="Empat Ciri Gereja">Empat Tanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubuh_Kristus" title="Tubuh Kristus">Tubuh Kristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satu_gereja_benar" title="Satu gereja benar">Satu Gereja Sejati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umat_Allah" title="Umat Allah">Umat Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_kanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukum kanon">Hukum Kanon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakramen" title="Sakramen">Sakramen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptisan">Baptis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekaristi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekaristi">Ekaristi/Perjamuan Kudus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkawinan_menurut_Kekristenan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkawinan menurut Kekristenan (halaman belum tersedia)">Perkawinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguatan" title="Penguatan">Krisma/Peneguhan Sidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitensi" title="Penitensi">Tobat/Pengakuan Dosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengurapan_orang_sakit" title="Pengurapan orang sakit">Pengurapan Orang Sakit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamat_kudus" title="Imamat kudus">Imamat Kudus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misi_(Kristen)" title="Misi (Kristen)">Misi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembasuhan_dalam_Kekristenan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembasuhan dalam Kekristenan (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembasuhan</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesehatan_dalam_Kekristenan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesehatan dalam Kekristenan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kesehatan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Kristen" title="Filsafat Kristen">Filsafat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_kodrat" title="Hukum kodrat">Hukum Kodrati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etika_Kristen" title="Etika Kristen">Etika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_dan_ilmu_pengetahuan" title="Kekristenan dan ilmu pengetahuan">Ilmu Pengetahuan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kontroversi_penciptaan-evolusi" title="Kontroversi penciptaan-evolusi">Evolusi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_dan_politik" title="Kekristenan dan politik">Politik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandangan_Kristen_tentang_kemiskinan_dan_kekayaan" title="Pandangan Kristen tentang kemiskinan dan kekayaan">Pandangan tentang miskin dan kaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebudayaan_Kristen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebudayaan Kristen (halaman belum tersedia)">Kebudayaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsitektur_Gereja" title="Arsitektur Gereja">Arsitektur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsitektur_katedral_dan_gereja_besar" title="Arsitektur katedral dan gereja besar">Arsitektur katedral dan gereja besar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seni_rupa_Kristen" title="Seni rupa Kristen">Seni rupa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yesus_dalam_karya_seni" title="Yesus dalam karya seni">Yesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seni_rupa_Maria_dalam_Gereja_Katolik" title="Seni rupa Maria dalam Gereja Katolik">Maria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesusastraan_Kristen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesusastraan Kristen (halaman belum tersedia)">Sastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musik_Kristen" title="Musik Kristen">Musik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_(gedung)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja (gedung)">Bangunan gereja</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_katedral" title="Daftar katedral">Katedral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma_dan_peradaban_manusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Katolik Roma dan peradaban manusia">Peran dalam peradaban</a></li> <li>Baca juga:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_dan_agama_lain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekristenan dan agama lain">Hubungan dengan agama-agama lain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristen_budaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristen budaya (halaman belum tersedia)">Kristen budaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kritik_terhadap_Kekristenan" title="Kritik terhadap Kekristenan">Kritik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penindasan_terhadap_orang_Kristen" title="Penindasan terhadap orang Kristen">Aniaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_gerakan_Kristen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar gerakan Kristen (halaman belum tersedia)">Gerakan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asketisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Asketisme">Asketisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Karismatik" title="Gerakan Karismatik">Karismatik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demokrasi_Kristen" title="Demokrasi Kristen">Demokrasi Kristen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandangan_Kristen_tentang_lingkungan_hidup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandangan Kristen tentang lingkungan hidup (halaman belum tersedia)">Lingkungan Hidup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eksistensialisme_Kristen" title="Eksistensialisme Kristen">Eksistensialisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalisme_Kristen" title="Fundamentalisme Kristen">Fundamentalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teologi_pembebasan" title="Teologi pembebasan">Pembebasan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristen_kiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristen kiri (halaman belum tersedia)">Kiri</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kristen_sayap_kanan" title="Kristen sayap kanan">Kanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasifisme_Kristen" title="Pasifisme Kristen">Pasifisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teologi_kemakmuran" title="Teologi kemakmuran">Kemakmuran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kerja Sama</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunia_Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunia Kristen">Dunia Kristen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekumenisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekumenisme">Ekumenisme</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charta_Oecumenica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charta Oecumenica (halaman belum tersedia)">Charta Oecumenica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Gereja-Gereja_Sedunia" title="Dewan Gereja-Gereja Sedunia">Dewan Gereja Sedunia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aliansi_Injili_Sedunia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aliansi Injili Sedunia (halaman belum tersedia)">Aliansi Injili Sedunia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekristenan_nondenominasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekristenan nondenominasional (halaman belum tersedia)">Nondenominasionalisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/20px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Kristen" title="Portal:Kristen">Portal Kristen</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_book_class2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia book"><img alt="Wikipedia book" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/20px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/40px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buku:Kristen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buku:Kristen (halaman belum tersedia)">Buku</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kristen" title="Kategori:Kristen">Kategori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14985869">.mw-parser-output .subjectbar{background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:88%}</style><table role="presentation" class="subjectbar noprint metadata plainlist"><tbody><tr><td style="width:220px"><span style="font-size:125%"><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a></b></span><br /><span style="font-size:90%">Akses topik terkait</span></td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/60px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kristen" title="Portal:Kristen">Portal Kristen</a></b></i></span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Allah-green.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/60px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Portal Islam</a></b></i></span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/40px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/60px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Agama" title="Portal:Agama">Portal Agama</a></b></i></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td style="width:220px"><span style="font-size:90%">Temukan informasi lain di</span><br /><span style="font-size:125%"><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proyek_saudari_Wikimedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Proyek saudari Wikimedia">proyek saudari Wikimedia</a></b></span></td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A2" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/ישוע">Berkas dan media</a><br />dari Commons</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/30px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/45px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Yesus#bahasa_Inggris" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/Yesus">Definisi</a><br />dari Wiktionary</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/30px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/45px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Yesus" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Yesus">Buku teks</a><br />dari Wikibooks</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/25px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/38px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Yesus" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Yesus">Kutipan</a><br />dari Wikiquote</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Author:Jesus_of_Nazareth" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Author:Jesus of Nazareth">Teks sumber</a><br />dari Wikisource</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/30px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/45px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/60px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Yesus" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/Yesus">Sumber pembelajaran</a><br />dari Wikiversity</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/45px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Q302" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/Q302">Data</a><br />dari Wikidata</span></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118557513">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISNI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISNI (identifier)">ISNI</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000120370699">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORCID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ORCID (identifier)">ORCID</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-7848">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/141145970137232251241">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/141145970137232251241">WorldCat (via VIAF)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90053303">Norwegia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000010094">Chili</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1724284">Spanyol</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119392246">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119392246">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79084784">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000097693&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleweb.ncl.edu.tw/F/?func=accref&acc_sequence=004313686&CON_LNG=ENG">Taiwan</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00565948">Jepang</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002103454&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35246449">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record1138">Yunani</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000324349&local_base=nlx10">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000100031&local_base=nsk10">Kroasia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07286978X">Belanda</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=1&NU=1&IM=4&WI=9810651577205606">Polandia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000008166&CON_LNG=ENG">Rusia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/222130">Swedia</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/387654">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/492_47907">Vatikan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Galeri seni dan museum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/34591">Te Papa (Selandia Baru)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lembaga penelitian seni</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/9ef47cdc-471d-4863-9c7e-0f78bdfc05fb">KulturNav (Norway)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500344051">Artist Names (Getty)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basis data ilmiah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA11512117?l=en">CiNii (Jepang)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/144692014">Semantic Scholar</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/40116/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-lir.ch/e-LIR___Lexicon.598.450.0.html">Lexicon Istoric Retic (Swiss)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a href="/wiki/MBA_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBA (identifier)">MusicBrainz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/bde40933-e89b-4f10-8e52-faa040c4cae4">artist</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/559041">National Archives (US)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RERO_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RERO (identifier)">RERO (Swiss)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A022812195">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w628066c">Social Networks and Archival Context</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC (Prancis)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027325636">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mesih">Encyclopedia of Islam</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trove_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trove (identifier)">Trove (Australia)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/880661">1</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1472328">2</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/880655">3</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998-445"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998_445-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz1998_445-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTheissenMerz1998">Theissen & Merz 1998</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yesus&oldid=27066598">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yesus&oldid=27066598</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tokoh_Perjanjian_Baru" title="Kategori:Tokoh Perjanjian Baru">Tokoh Perjanjian Baru</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_LIR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda LIR (halaman belum tersedia)">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda LIR</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Yesus" title="Kategori:Yesus">Yesus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kelahiran_0-an_SM" title="Kategori:Kelahiran 0-an SM">Kelahiran 0-an SM</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kematian_30-an" title="Kategori:Kematian 30-an">Kematian 30-an</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Orang_yang_dieksekusi_dengan_penyaliban" title="Kategori:Orang yang dieksekusi dengan penyaliban">Orang yang dieksekusi dengan penyaliban</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Orang_yang_dieksekusi_oleh_Kekaisaran_Romawi" title="Kategori:Orang yang dieksekusi oleh Kekaisaran Romawi">Orang yang dieksekusi oleh Kekaisaran Romawi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tokoh_Yudea" title="Kategori:Tokoh Yudea">Tokoh Yudea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Apokaliptisis" title="Kategori:Apokaliptisis">Apokaliptisis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Mesianisme" title="Kategori:Mesianisme">Mesianisme</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Nabi_Kristen" title="Kategori:Nabi Kristen">Nabi Kristen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Nabi_Islam" title="Kategori:Nabi Islam">Nabi Islam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tuhan_dalam_Kekristenan" title="Kategori:Tuhan dalam Kekristenan">Tuhan dalam Kekristenan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rabi" title="Kategori:Rabi">Rabi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tukang_kayu" title="Kategori:Tukang kayu">Tukang kayu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kata_dan_frasa_Yunani" title="Kategori:Kata dan frasa Yunani">Kata dan frasa Yunani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tokoh_tunawisma" title="Kategori:Tokoh tunawisma">Tokoh tunawisma</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_kesalahan_referensi" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan kesalahan referensi">Halaman dengan kesalahan referensi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_yang_memuat_teks_dari_1913_Catholic_Encyclopedia_dengan_rujukan_Wikisource" title="Kategori:Artikel yang memuat teks dari 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia dengan rujukan Wikisource">Artikel yang memuat teks dari 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia 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