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aria-controls="toc-Hebrew_Bible-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hebrew Bible subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hebrew_Bible-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Genesis_14" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genesis_14"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Genesis 14</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genesis_14-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tithe_recipient" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tithe_recipient"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Tithe recipient</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tithe_recipient-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psalm_110" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psalm_110"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Psalm 110</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psalm_110-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samaritan_Pentateuch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samaritan_Pentateuch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Samaritan Pentateuch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samaritan_Pentateuch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Testament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Testament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>New Testament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Testament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In Judaism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_Judaism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In Judaism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hasmonean_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hasmonean_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Hasmonean dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hasmonean_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_Hellenistic_Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_Hellenistic_Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Late Hellenistic Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_Hellenistic_Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dead_Sea_Scrolls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dead_Sea_Scrolls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Dead Sea Scrolls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dead_Sea_Scrolls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Torah_commentaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torah_commentaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Torah commentaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torah_commentaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_rabbinic_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_rabbinic_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>In rabbinic literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_rabbinic_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transition_of_the_Priesthood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transition_of_the_Priesthood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1</span> <span>Transition of the Priesthood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transition_of_the_Priesthood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Midrash_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Midrash_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.2</span> <span>Midrash text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Midrash_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_Zohar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_Zohar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>In the Zohar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_Zohar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In Christianity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_Christianity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In Christianity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Association_with_the_Messiah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Association_with_the_Messiah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Association with the Messiah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Association_with_the_Messiah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liturgical_commemoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liturgical_commemoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Liturgical commemoration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liturgical_commemoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protestantism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protestantism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Protestantism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protestantism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latter_Day_Saint_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latter_Day_Saint_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Latter Day Saint movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latter_Day_Saint_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_modern_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_modern_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In modern culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_modern_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Melchizedek</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melgisedek" title="Melgisedek – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Melgisedek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%A8_%E1%8C%BC%E1%8B%B4%E1%89%85" title="መልከ ጼዴቅ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መልከ ጼዴቅ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%82" title="ملكي صادق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ملكي صادق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Мелхиседек – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мелхиседек" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malki-Sedek" title="Malki-Sedek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Malki-Sedek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melquisedec" title="Melquisedec – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Melquisedec" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchisedech" title="Melchisedech – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Melchisedech" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchisedec" title="Melchisedec – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Melchisedec" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkisedek_(Bibelen)" title="Melkisedek (Bibelen) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Melkisedek (Bibelen)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchisedek" title="Melchisedek – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Melchisedek" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%87%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B4%CE%AD%CE%BA" title="Μελχισεδέκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μελχισεδέκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melquisedec" title="Melquisedec – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Melquisedec" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkicedek" title="Melkicedek – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Melkicedek" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkisedek" title="Melkisedek – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Melkisedek" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchis%C3%A9dech" title="Melchisédech – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Melchisédech" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meilcizidic" title="Meilcizidic – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meilcizidic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%9C%EA%B8%B0%EC%84%B8%EB%8D%B1" title="멜기세덱 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="멜기세덱" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkisedek" title="Melkisedek – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Melkisedek" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkisedek" title="Melkisedek – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Melkisedek" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchisedec" title="Melchisedec – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Melchisedec" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%99-%D7%A6%D7%93%D7%A7" title="מלכי-צדק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלכי-צדק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Melchizedek" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkisedek" title="Melkisedek – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Melkisedek" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchisedech" title="Melchisedech – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Melchisedech" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedekas" title="Melchizedekas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Melchizedekas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkizedek" title="Melkizedek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Melkizedek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkizedeka" title="Melkizedeka – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Melkizedeka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchisedek" title="Melchisedek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Melchisedek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AD%E3%82%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%AF" title="メルキゼデク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メルキゼデク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkisedek" title="Melkisedek – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Melkisedek" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkisedek" title="Melkisedek – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Melkisedek" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melcq%C3%B9iss%C3%A9dec" title="Melcqùissédec – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Melcqùissédec" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Melchizedek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melquisedeque" title="Melquisedeque – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Melquisedeque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Мелхиседек – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мелхиседек" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchisedech" title="Melchisedech – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Melchisedech" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Мелхиседек – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мелхиседек" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melhisedek" title="Melhisedek – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Melhisedek" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkisedek" title="Melkisedek – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Melkisedek" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkisedek" title="Melkisedek – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Melkisedek" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melquisedec" title="Melquisedec – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Melquisedec" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84" title="เมลคีเซเดค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เมลคีเซเดค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%85%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Мелхіседек – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мелхіседек" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melquisedec" title="Melquisedec – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Melquisedec" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%9F%BA%E6%B4%97%E5%BE%B7" title="麥基洗德 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="麥基洗德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Biblical Figure</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Melchizedek_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Melchizedek (disambiguation)">Melchizedek (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Melchizedek</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abraham_y_Melquisedec,_por_Juan_Antonio_de_Fr%C3%ADas_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Abraham_y_Melquisedec%2C_por_Juan_Antonio_de_Fr%C3%ADas_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Abraham_y_Melquisedec%2C_por_Juan_Antonio_de_Fr%C3%ADas_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Abraham_y_Melquisedec%2C_por_Juan_Antonio_de_Fr%C3%ADas_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Abraham_y_Melquisedec%2C_por_Juan_Antonio_de_Fr%C3%ADas_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Abraham_y_Melquisedec%2C_por_Juan_Antonio_de_Fr%C3%ADas_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Abraham_y_Melquisedec%2C_por_Juan_Antonio_de_Fr%C3%ADas_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="779" data-file-height="1038" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Detail from <i>Abraham and Melchizedek</i> by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Antonio_de_Fr%C3%ADas_y_Escalante" title="Juan Antonio de Frías y Escalante">Juan Antonio de Frías y Escalante</a>, 1668</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;"><a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">Priest</a> and <a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a> of <a href="/wiki/Salem_(Bible)" title="Salem (Bible)">Salem</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Ismailism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Canonized</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints#Pre-Congregation" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Pre-Congregation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>22 May (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>)</li> <li>26 August (<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, <b>Melchizedek</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Hebrew language">Biblical Hebrew</a>: <span lang="hbo" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק</span>‎</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">malkī-ṣeḏeq</i></span>, 'king of righteousness,' 'my king is righteousness,' or 'my king is <a href="/wiki/Sydyk" title="Sydyk">Zedek</a>'<sup id="cite_ref-Cargill_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cargill-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), also transliterated <b>Melchisedech</b>, <b>Melchisedec</b> or <b>Malki Tzedek</b>, was the king of <a href="/wiki/Salem_(Bible)" title="Salem (Bible)">Salem</a> and priest of <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Elyon" title="Elyon">El Elyon</a></i></span> (often translated as 'most high God'). He is first mentioned in Genesis 14:18–20,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he brings out bread and wine and then blesses <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abram</a>, and El Elyon or "the Lord, God Most High". Abram was returning from pursuing the kings who came from the East and gave him a "<a href="/wiki/Tithes_in_Judaism" title="Tithes in Judaism">tenth of everything</a>". </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, according to the <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Epistle to the Hebrews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> Christ is identified as "High priest forever in the order of Melchizedek", and so Jesus assumes the role of <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest</a> once and for all. <a href="/wiki/Chazal" title="Chazal">Chazalic</a> literature – specifically <a href="/wiki/Targum_Jonathan" title="Targum Jonathan">Targum Jonathan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Targum_Pseudo-Jonathan" title="Targum Pseudo-Jonathan">Targum Yerushalmi</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> – presents his name (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">מלכי־צדק</span>‎</span></span>) as a <a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">nickname</a> for <a href="/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Shem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Blenkinsopp" title="Joseph Blenkinsopp">Joseph Blenkinsopp</a> has suggested that the story of Melchizedek is an informal insertion into the Genesis narration, possibly inserted in order to give validity to the priesthood and titles connected with the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a>. It has also been conjectured that the suffix "-<a href="/wiki/Sydyk" title="Sydyk">zedek</a>" may have been or become a reference to a <a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion">Canaanite</a> deity worshipped in <a href="/wiki/Jebusites" title="Jebusites">pre-Israelite</a> Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-Blenkinsopp_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blenkinsopp-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 56–60">: 56–60 </span></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the majority of <a href="/wiki/Masoretic" class="mw-redirect" title="Masoretic">Masoretic</a> <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Hebrew texts</a> the name is written as two words, <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Malki-ṣedeq</i></span> <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">מלכי־צדק</span>‎</span></span>, rendered in one word in both the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1180947483">.mw-parser-output .polytonic{font-family:"SBL BibLit","SBL Greek","New Athena Unicode","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Foulis Greek","Garamond Libre","Noto Sans","Noto Serif","Cardo","Gentium Plus","Gentium Book Plus","Garamond","Palatino Linotype","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif","FreeSerif","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Code2000",sans-serif}</style><span class="polytonic">Μελχισεδέκ</span></span></span>) and <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a> (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Melchisedech</i></span>). The <a href="/wiki/Authorised_King_James_Version" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorised King James Version">Authorised King James Version</a> of 1611 renders the name "Melchizedek" when translating from the Hebrew, and "Melchisedec" in the New Testament. </p><p>The name is composed from the two elements: <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Malik" title="Malik">melek(h)</a></i></span>, 'king', and <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tzadik" title="Tzadik">ṣedeq</a></i></span>, which means either 'righteousness'<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the proper name <a href="/wiki/Sydyk" title="Sydyk"><i>Zedek</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Toorn_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toorn-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the addition of the <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Hiriq" title="Hiriq">hiriq</a></i></span> compaginis (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-%D7%99" class="extiw" title="wikt:-י">-ī</a></i></span>) indicating the archaic construct form, <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">malk-ī</i></span> means 'king of', so that the name literally translates to 'king of righteousness'<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 'my king is Zedek',<sup id="cite_ref-Toorn_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toorn-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indicating that he worshipped <a href="/wiki/Zedek" class="mw-redirect" title="Zedek">Zedek</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Canaanite_religion#Deities" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Canaanite religion">Canaanite deity</a> worshipped in pre-Israelite Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-Blenkinsopp_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blenkinsopp-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 58">: 58 </span></sup> The latter, however, is often dismissed since Hebrews 7:2 gives the translation of the name Melchizedek as "king of righteousness", although Robert R. Cargill has recently argued in favour of that etymology.<sup id="cite_ref-Cargill_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cargill-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mainstream scholarly understanding of these names ("My King is Righteousness" and "My Lord is Righteousness" respectively) is that they refer to the concept of righteousness and not to a god.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name is formed in parallel with <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Adonizedek" title="Adonizedek">Adoni-ṣedeq</a></i></span> <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">אדני־צדק</span>‎</span></span>, also a king of Salem, mentioned in Joshua 10:1–3,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the element <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">malik</i></span> ('king') is replaced by <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Adon" title="Adon">adon</a></i></span> ('lord').<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parallel <a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">theophoric names</a>, with Sedeq replaced by <a href="/wiki/Yahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahu">Yahu</a>, are those of <a href="/wiki/Malchijah" title="Malchijah">Malchijah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adonijah" title="Adonijah">Adonijah</a>, both biblical characters placed in the time of <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hebrew_Bible">Hebrew Bible</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hebrew Bible"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genesis_14">Genesis 14</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Genesis 14"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The narrative of Genesis 14 is part of the larger story telling how <a href="/wiki/Abram" class="mw-redirect" title="Abram">Abram</a> returns from defeating king <a href="/wiki/Chedorlaomer" title="Chedorlaomer">Chedorlaomer</a> and meets with <a href="/wiki/Bera_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bera (Bible)">Bera</a> the king of <a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Sodom</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at which point: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine: and he was [is] the priest of the most high God. And he blessed him, and said, 'Blessed be Abram to the most high God, possessor of heaven and earth, And blessed be the most high God, which hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand'. And he gave him tithe from all.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a> 14:18–20, <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Some textual critics classify the narration as not being derived from any of the usual <a href="/wiki/Pentateuchal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateuchal">pentateuchal</a> sources.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been speculated that verses 18–20 (in which Melchizedek appears) are an informal insertion into the narration, as they interrupt the account of the meeting of Abraham with the king of Sodom.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blenkinsopp_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blenkinsopp-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 56">: 56 </span></sup> There is no consensus on when or why the story might have been added. It may have been inserted in order to give validity to the priesthood and tithes connected with the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Blenkinsopp_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blenkinsopp-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 59–60">: 59–60 </span></sup> It also may have been inserted to give validity to the superiority of the <a href="/wiki/Zadokite" class="mw-redirect" title="Zadokite">Zadokite</a> priests over the <a href="/wiki/Levite" title="Levite">Levite</a> priests.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lebanese Protestant scholar <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Salibi" title="Kamal Salibi">Kamal Salibi</a> (1929–2011) observes that <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ֹמַעֲשֵׂר</span>‎</span>, <i>m'sr</i>, which literally does mean 'tenth', might more loosely be used to mean 'portion', and <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">מִכֹּל</span>‎</span>, <i>m-kl</i>, or 'from all', might refer just to food in the giver's possession, so that the whole verse might mean "He gave him a portion of food".<sup id="cite_ref-Salibi_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salibi-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Genesis 14:18<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> introduces Melchizedek, a "Priest of the Most High God" (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">El Elyon</i></span>), a term which is re-used in Genesis 14:19–20<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Genesis 14:22.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "Most High" is used another twenty times to refer to the God of Israel in the Psalms. <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Levi_Della_Vida" title="Giorgio Levi Della Vida">Giorgio Levi Della Vida</a> (1944) suspects that this is a late development,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fitzmyer" title="Joseph Fitzmyer">Joseph Fitzmyer</a> (1962) connects Genesis 14 with the mention of a god called "<a href="/wiki/Elyon" title="Elyon">Most High</a>," who may appear according to one of three possible translations of a 750 BC inscription found at <a href="/wiki/Al-Safirah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Safirah">Al-Safirah</a> in Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remi Lack (1962) considers that the Genesis verses were taken over by Jewish redactor(s), for whom El was already identified with YHWH, <i>El-Elyon</i> became an epithet for the God of Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tithe_recipient">Tithe recipient</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tithe recipient"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to an ambiguity in the Hebrew text, it is unclear who gave tithe to whom: Abram to Melchizedek, or Melchizedek to Abram: the verse in question states simply, "And [he] gave him tithe from all" (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">v-yiten-lo ma'aser mekol</i></span>, <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ויתן לו מעשר מכל</span>‎</span></span>). Most translations of this verse preserve the ambiguity, "he gave to him", but some modern translations make explicit the mainstream interpretation of Abram being the giver and Melchizedek the recipient.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Targum_Pseudo-Jonathan" title="Targum Pseudo-Jonathan">Targum Pseudo-Jonathan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jubilees" class="mw-redirect" title="Jubilees">Book of Jubilees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philo_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Philo of Alexandria">Philo of Alexandria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a> all read Abram as the giver of the tithe to Melchizedek.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Rogatchover_Gaon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogatchover Gaon">Rogatchover Gaon</a>, also understanding Abram to be the tithe giver, comments that the presented tithe was not a standard tithe (<a href="/wiki/Maaser_Rishon" class="mw-redirect" title="Maaser Rishon">Maaser Rishon</a>) as described in the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> (given on an annual basis), but was a one-time "tribute offering" (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">trumat ha-mekhes</i></span>, <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">תרומת המכס</span>‎</span></span>), such as Moses gave to God in Numbers 31:41.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Expressing a <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">kabbalistic</a> point of view, the <a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a> commentary to Genesis 14 cites Rabbi Yitzchak as saying that it was God who gave a tithe to Abram in the form of removing the Hebrew letter <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn"><a href="/wiki/He_(letter)" title="He (letter)">He</a></i></span> from his own throne of glory and presenting it to the soul of Abram for his benefit.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Meir_Simcha_of_Dvinsk" title="Meir Simcha of Dvinsk">Meir Simcha of Dvinsk</a> (1843–1926) interprets the phrase "And he gave him tithe from all" as a verbal continuation of Melchizedek's speech, i.e., Melchizedek exclaimed that God had chosen to gift Abram a tenth of God's possession of the entire human race (consisting of seventy nations as described in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a>) in the form of the seven nations of the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Canaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Land of Canaan">land of Canaan</a>, including the cities of Sodom that Abram succeeded in saving. Rabbi Meir Simcha argues that continued speech of this sort was a common form of prophetic expression.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psalm_110">Psalm 110</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Psalm 110"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Psalm_110" title="Psalm 110">Psalm 110</a></div> <p>The second and final Hebrew Bible mention of Melchizedek is in <a href="/wiki/Psalm" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalm">Psalm</a> 110:4.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The many translations that follow the Septuagint<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> translate it as: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span> hath sworn, and will not repent: 'Thou art a priest for ever after the manner of Melchizedek.'</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>(<a href="/wiki/JPS_1917" class="mw-redirect" title="JPS 1917">JPS 1917</a>)</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Although the above is the traditional translation of the text, the Hebrew text can be interpreted in various ways, and the <a href="/wiki/New_Jewish_Publication_Society_of_America_Tanakh" title="New Jewish Publication Society of America Tanakh">New Jewish Publication Society of America Tanakh</a>, (1985 edition), for example, has: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>You are a priest forever, a rightful king by My decree.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>JPS 1985)</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Another alternative keeps Melchizedek as a personal name but changes the identity of the person addressed: "You are a priest forever by my order (or 'on my account'), O Melchizedek" – here it is Melchizedek who is being addressed throughout the psalm.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of <a href="/wiki/Chazal" title="Chazal">Chazalic</a> literature attributes the primary character of the psalm as <a href="/wiki/King_David" class="mw-redirect" title="King David">King David</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was a "righteous king" (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">מלכי צדק</span>‎</span></span>) of Salem and, like Melchizedek, had certain priest-like responsibilities, while the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> understands the chapter as referring to Abram who was victorious in battling to save his nephew Lot and merited priesthood.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Zohar defines the noted Melchizedek as referring to <a href="/wiki/Ahron" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahron">Ahron</a> the <a href="/wiki/Kohen_Gadol" class="mw-redirect" title="Kohen Gadol">Kohen Gadol</a> (high priest).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Samaritan_Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Samaritan Pentateuch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a> reads <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">שלמו</span>‎</span></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">his peace</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> or in contextual flow 'allied with him') in place of the Masoretic <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">שלם</span>‎</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Salem_(Bible)" title="Salem (Bible)">Salem</a>), with addition of a letter <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ו</span>‎</span></span> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Vav_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vav (letter)">vav</a></i></span>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_F._Albright" title="William F. Albright">William F. Albright</a> views the Samaritan wording as authentic<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as does the <a href="/wiki/New_American_Bible" title="New American Bible">New American Bible</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NAB-Gen14_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAB-Gen14-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regarding the residence of Melchizedek, Samaritan tradition identified a "Salem" as a place on the slopes of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Mount Gerizim</a> which served as a blessing place of the children of Israel upon their initial crossing of the Jordan river.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a> allocate Gerizim (and not Jerusalem) as the site intended for the Temple, and thus the "<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">שלמו</span>‎</span></span>" text serves an obvious sectarian purpose. However, this practice is not solely associated with the Samaritans: the possessive suffix is also found in the 3rd- or 2nd-century BC <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Book of Jubilees</a>, and Greek possessive suffixes are even used in the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> version of Genesis.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_Testament">New Testament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: New Testament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With respect to Genesis 14:20, <a href="/wiki/Hebrews_7" title="Hebrews 7">Hebrews chapter 7</a> <a href="/wiki/Hebrews_7:2" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrews 7:2">verses 2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hebrews_7:4" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrews 7:4">4</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> state that the patriarch Abraham gave a tenth of the spoil to Melchizedek. </p><p>Psalm 110:4 is cited in the New Testament letter to the Hebrews as an indicator that Jesus, regarded in the letter as the Messiah, had a right to a priesthood pre-dating the Jewish Aaronic priesthood (Hebrews 5:5–6).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Judaism">In Judaism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hasmonean_dynasty">Hasmonean dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hasmonean dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> recounts that <a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Hasmonean</a> rulers used to identify themselves as "High Priest of <a href="/wiki/El_Elyon" class="mw-redirect" title="El Elyon">El Elyon</a>": "When the Hasmonean kingdom became strong and defeated the Greeks, they instituted that people should mention the name of Heaven even in their legal documents. And therefore they would write: In year such and such of <a href="/wiki/John_Hyrcanus" title="John Hyrcanus">Yoḥanan the High Priest</a> of the God Most High."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholars have observed that the Hasmoneans used Melchizedek's example of monarch-priest to justify occupying both offices.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_Hellenistic_Judaism">Late Hellenistic Judaism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Late Hellenistic Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> refers to Melchizedek as a "Canaanite chief" in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_War" title="The Jewish War">The Jewish War</a></i>, but as a priest in <i><a href="/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">Antiquities of the Jews</a></i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a> identifies Melchizedek with the <a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">Logos</a> as priest of God,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and honoured as an untutored priesthood.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Second_Book_of_Enoch" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Book of Enoch">Second Book of Enoch</a> (also called "Slavonic Enoch") is apparently a Jewish sectarian work of the 1st century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last section of the work, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Book_of_Enoch#Exaltation_of_Melchizedek" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Book of Enoch">Exaltation of Melchizedek</a>, tells how Melchizedek was born of a virgin, Sofonim (or Sopanima), the wife of Nir, a brother of <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>. The child came out from his mother after she had died and sat on the bed beside her corpse, already physically developed, clothed, speaking and blessing the Lord, and marked with the badge of priesthood. Forty days later, Melchizedek was taken by the archangel <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a> in some manuscripts) to the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a> and was thus preserved from the <a href="/wiki/Deluge_myth" class="mw-redirect" title="Deluge myth">Deluge</a> without having to be in <a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Story_of_Melchizedek" title="Story of Melchizedek">Story of Melchizedek</a></i> is a short <a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_Testament_pseudepigrapha" title="List of Old Testament pseudepigrapha">pseudepigraphon</a> composed in Greek in the first three centuries AD, probably in a Jewish milieu. It survives today only in Christian recensions, but in at least ten languages.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dead_Sea_Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Dead Sea Scrolls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/11Q13" title="11Q13">11Q13</a> (11QMelch) is a fragment of a text, dated to the end of the second or start of the first century BC, about Melchizedek, found in <a href="/wiki/List_of_manuscripts_from_Qumran_Cave_11" title="List of manuscripts from Qumran Cave 11">Cave 11</a> at <a href="/wiki/Qumran" title="Qumran">Qumran</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and part of the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a>. Melchizedek is seen as a divine being in the text and is referred to as "El" or "<a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Elohim</a>", titles usually reserved for God.<sup id="cite_ref-hs2010_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hs2010-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the text, Melchizedek will proclaim the "Day of <a href="/wiki/Atonement_in_Judaism" title="Atonement in Judaism">Atonement</a>" and he will atone for the people who are predestined to him. He also will judge the peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Genesis_Apocryphon" title="Genesis Apocryphon">Genesis Apocryphon</a> (1QapGen) repeats information from Genesis.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Qumran_Scrolls" class="mw-redirect" title="Qumran Scrolls">Qumran Scrolls</a>, also indicate that Melchizedek was used as a name of the <a href="/wiki/Archangel_Michael" class="mw-redirect" title="Archangel Michael">Archangel Michael</a>, interpreted as a heavenly priest; Michael as <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Melchi-zedek</i></span> contrast with <a href="/wiki/Belial" title="Belial">Belial</a>, who is given the name of <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Melchi-resha</i></span> 'king of wickedness'.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The text of the <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Epistle to the Hebrews</a> follows this interpretation in stating explicitly that the name in Greek translation (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1180947483"><span class="polytonic">ἑρμηνευόμενος</span></span></span>) means <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1180947483"><span class="polytonic">βασιλεὺς δικαιοσύνης</span></span></span> ('king of righteousness'), omitting translation of the possessive suffix; the same passage interprets Melchizedek's title of king of Salem as translating to <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1180947483"><span class="polytonic">βασιλεὺς εἰρήνης</span></span></span> 'king of peace', the context being the presentation of Melchizedek's as an eternal priesthood associated with Jesus Christ (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1180947483"><span class="polytonic">ἀφωμοιωμένος δὲ τῷ υἱῷ τοῦ θεοῦ μένει ἱερεὺς εἰς τὸ διηνεκές</span></span></span>, 'made like unto the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">Son of God</a> abideth a priest continually').<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Torah_commentaries">Torah commentaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Torah commentaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hebrew-language <a href="/wiki/Torah_commentaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Torah commentaries">Torah commentarians</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Rishonim" title="Rishonim">Rishonim</a> era (11th to 15th centuries) have explained the (seemingly) abrupt intrusion of Melchizedek into the narration in various ways; <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah_ben_Manoah" title="Hezekiah ben Manoah">Hezekiah ben Manoah</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1250</span>) points out that the following verses have Abraham refusing any of the king of Sodom's possessions<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which, if not for the insertion of Melchizedek's hospitality, would prompt the query as to where Abraham and his weary men got their refreshments from.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rashbam, <a href="/wiki/Shmuel_ben_Meir" class="mw-redirect" title="Shmuel ben Meir">Shmuel ben Meir</a> (11th century), offers a similar explanation but varies by saying that only Abram's men partook in the booty (originally belonging to the king of Sodom)<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas the Melchizedek intrusion explains that Abram himself was sustained by Melchizedek since he refused to consume of the luxury of Sodom because his Lord was of the non-material world.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, the commentary of <a href="/wiki/Chaim_ibn_Attar" title="Chaim ibn Attar">Chaim ibn Attar</a> (17th century) offers a three-pronged slew of reasons for the Melchizedek insertion.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_rabbinic_literature">In rabbinic literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In rabbinic literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The narrative preceding Melchizedek's introduction presents a picture of Melchizedek's involvement in the events of his era. The narration details Abram's rescue of his nephew <a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a> and his spectacular defeat of multiple kings and goes on to define the meeting place of Melchizedek and Abram as "<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Emek HaShaveh</i></span> which is <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Emek HaMelech</i></span>". The meeting site has been associated with <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Emek Yehoshaphat</i></span> (the <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Josaphat" title="Valley of Josaphat">Valley of Josaphat</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Targum_Onkelos" title="Targum Onkelos">Targum Onkelos</a> describes the meeting location's size as "a plot the size of a king's <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Riis</i></span>". <a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrashic</a> exegesis describes how a large group of governors and kings convened in unison to pay homage to the victor Abram and desired to make him a <a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">deity</a>, at which point he declined, attributing his victory to God's might and will alone.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The chronological work <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Seder_ha-Dorot" class="mw-redirect" title="Seder ha-Dorot">Seder ha-Dorot</a></i></span> (published 1769) quotes that Melchizedek was the first to initiate and complete a wall in circumference of the city,<sup id="cite_ref-seder_hadoroth_p._9b_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seder_hadoroth_p._9b-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had to exit Salem to reach Abram and his men. Upon exiting Salem, he presented to them "bread and wine" with the intent to refresh them from their journey.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assuming the premise that Melchizedek was <a href="/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Shem</a>, he would have been 465 years old at the time and Abram was 75 years of age.<sup id="cite_ref-seder_hadoroth_p._9b_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seder_hadoroth_p._9b-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chazal" title="Chazal">Chazalic</a> literature unanimously identify Melchizedek as Shem son of <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Targum_Yonathan" class="mw-redirect" title="Targum Yonathan">Targum Yonathan</a> to Genesis chapter 14, <a href="/wiki/Genesis_Rabba" class="mw-redirect" title="Genesis Rabba">Genesis Rabbah</a> 46:7, <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> to Tractate Nedarim 32b). The <a href="/wiki/Talmud_Bavli" class="mw-redirect" title="Talmud Bavli">Talmud Bavli</a> attributes him (Shem and his <a href="/wiki/Beth_din" title="Beth din">beth din</a> court of justice) as pioneers in banning prostitution (Avodah Zarah p.<span class="nowrap"> </span>36a). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Middle_East_Shem-Ham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Middle_East_Shem-Ham.jpg/220px-Middle_East_Shem-Ham.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Middle_East_Shem-Ham.jpg/330px-Middle_East_Shem-Ham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Middle_East_Shem-Ham.jpg/440px-Middle_East_Shem-Ham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="895" /></a><figcaption>Middle Eastern land distribution demonstrating the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Canaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Land of Canaan">land of Canaan</a> governed by <a href="/wiki/Ham_(son_of_Noah)" title="Ham (son of Noah)">Cham</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There is, however, disagreement amongst <a href="/wiki/Rishonim" title="Rishonim">Rishonim</a> as to whether Salem was Melchizedek/Shem's allocated residence by his father Noah or whether he was a foreigner in Salem which was considered the rightful land of his brother <a href="/wiki/Ham_(son_of_Noah)" title="Ham (son of Noah)">Cham</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Nahmanides" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahmanides">Ramban</a> is of the opinion that the land was rightfully owned and governed by the offspring of <a href="/wiki/Ham_(son_of_Noah)" title="Ham (son of Noah)">Cham</a>, and explains that Melchizedek/Shem left his home country and came to Salem as a foreigner wishing to serve God as a <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Kohen</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a> maintains that the land of Canaan was initially allotted to Shem, by Noah his father, and the offspring of Cham conquered the land by forced expansion.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transition_of_the_Priesthood">Transition of the Priesthood</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Transition of the Priesthood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Brith_HaKehuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Brith HaKehuna">Brith HaKehuna</a></div> <p>Although Melchizedek is the first person in the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> to be titled a <a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Kohen</a> (priest), the <a href="/wiki/Medrash" class="mw-redirect" title="Medrash">medrash</a> records that he was preceded in priesthood (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">kehuna</i></span>) by <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_commentaries_on_the_Bible" title="Jewish commentaries on the Bible">Rabbinic commentarians</a> to the Torah explain that Melchizedek – (sometimes associated with Shem) – was given the priesthood (Hebrew: <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">kehuna</i></span>) by receipt of his father Noah's blessing "G-d beatified <a href="/wiki/Yefet" class="mw-redirect" title="Yefet">Yefeth</a> and <i>will dwell in the house of Shem</i>";<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i.e., he will merit to serve and host God as a <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Kohen</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Torah_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Torah Laws">Torah Laws</a> require that the <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Kohen</a></i></span> (priest) must be a patrilineal descendant of a prior <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Kohen</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Leviticus_Rabbah" title="Leviticus Rabbah">Leviticus Rabbah</a> maintains that God intended to <em>permanently</em> bring forth the priesthood (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Kehuna</i></span>) through Melchizedek's patrilineal descendants, but since Melchizedek <em>preceded</em> Abram's blessing to that of God,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> God instead chose to bring the priesthood (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">kehuna</i></span>) forth from Abram's descendants.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the text states in regard to Melchizedek; "and <i>he is a Kohen" (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">והוא כהן</span>‎</span></span>) meaning himself in the exclusive sense and not his patrilineal descendants.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ohr_HaChayim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohr HaChayim">Ohr HaChayim</a> commentary presents that God was not angered by Melchizedek's preceding Abram's blessing to that of God, since Abram was rightfully deemed worthy of precedence for independently coming to recognize God amidst a world of <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a>, but Melchizedek <em>willingly</em> gave the priesthood to Abram upon recognizing his outstanding uniqueness and godly character traits.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rabbinic authorities differ as to whether <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">kehuna</i></span> was given to Abram there and then<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or after the demise of Melchizedek.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Midrash records that Shem functioned as <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kohen_gadol" class="mw-redirect" title="Kohen gadol">kohen gadol</a></i></span> (high priest) in that he taught <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> to the Patriarchs before it was publicly given at Mount Sinai, while the official title of High Priest was conferred upon Aaron after the erection of the <a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Midrash_text">Midrash text</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Midrash text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Midrash quotes multiple aspects of both Melchizedek and Abram; the Rabbis taught that Melchizedek acted as a <a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">priest</a> and handed down <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam's</a> robes to Abram (Numbers Rabbah 4:8). </p><p>Rabbi Isaac the Babylonian said that Melchizedek was born <a href="/wiki/Brith_milah" class="mw-redirect" title="Brith milah">circumcised</a> (Genesis Rabbah 43:6). Melchizedek called Jerusalem "Salem." (Genesis Rabbah 56:10.) The Rabbis said that Melchizedek instructed Abram in the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>. (Genesis Rabbah 43:6.) Rabbi Eleazar said that Melchizedek's school was one of three places where the Holy Spirit (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ruach_HaKodesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruach HaKodesh">Ruach HaKodesh</a></i></span>) manifested himself (Babylonian Talmud Makkot 23b). </p><p>Rabbi Judah said in Rabbi Nehorai's name that Melchizedek's blessing yielded prosperity for Abram, Isaac, and Jacob (Genesis Rabbah 43:8). Ephraim Miksha'ah the disciple of Rabbi Meir said in the latter's name that <a href="/wiki/Tamar_(Genesis)" title="Tamar (Genesis)">Tamar</a> descended from Melchizedek (Genesis Rabbah 85:10). </p><p>Rabbi Hana bar Bizna citing Rabbi Simeon Hasida identified Melchizedek as one of the four craftsmen of whom <a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah</a> wrote in Zechariah 2:3.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Babylonian Talmud Sukkah 52b; see also <a href="/wiki/Shir_ha-Shirim_Rabbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shir ha-Shirim Rabbah">Song of Songs Rabbah</a> 2:33 (crediting Rabbi Berekiah in the name of Rabbi Isaac).) The Talmud teaches that <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> wrote the Book of <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a>, including in it the work of the elders, including Melchizedek.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thus according to Jewish legend, confusion over Melchizedek being both King and Priest is solved by knowing that Shem was also a progenitor of the Davidic Monarchy, which descended from both Judah and <a href="/wiki/Tamar_(Genesis)" title="Tamar (Genesis)">Tamar</a>, who was sentenced to 'death by fire' when accused of committing prostitution as the daughter of high priest Shem.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_Zohar">In the Zohar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: In the Zohar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a> (redacted by <a href="/wiki/Moses_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Moses de León">Moses de León</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1290s</span>) finds in "Melchizedek king of Salem" a reference to "the King Who rules with complete sovereignty". or according to another explanation, that "Melchizedek" alludes to the lower world and "king of Salem" to the upper world (Zohar 1:86b–87a). The Zohar's commentary on Genesis 14 cites a Rabbi Yitzchak as saying that it was God who gave tithe to Abram in the form of removing the Hebrew letter <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/He_(letter)" title="He (letter)">He</a></i></span> from his throne of glory and presenting it to the soul of Abram for his benefit.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The letter <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">he</i></span> is the letter God added to Abram's name to become "Abra-ha-m" in Genesis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Christianity">In Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: In Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biserica_de_lemn_Sf.Arhangheli_din_Libotin_(13).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Biserica_de_lemn_Sf.Arhangheli_din_Libotin_%2813%29.JPG/220px-Biserica_de_lemn_Sf.Arhangheli_din_Libotin_%2813%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Biserica_de_lemn_Sf.Arhangheli_din_Libotin_%2813%29.JPG/330px-Biserica_de_lemn_Sf.Arhangheli_din_Libotin_%2813%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Biserica_de_lemn_Sf.Arhangheli_din_Libotin_%2813%29.JPG/440px-Biserica_de_lemn_Sf.Arhangheli_din_Libotin_%2813%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>An image of Melchizedek painted onto the altar side near the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Doors" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Doors">Royal Doors</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cup%C5%9Feni" class="mw-redirect" title="Cupşeni">Libotin</a> wooden church, <a href="/wiki/Maramure%C8%99_County" title="Maramureș County">Maramureș County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Melchizedek_priesthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Melchizedek priesthood">Melchizedek priesthood</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, references to Melchizedek appear only in the <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Epistle to the Hebrews</a>, though these are extensive (Hebrews 5:6, 10; 6:20; 7:1, 10, 11, 15, 17, 21).<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> is there identified as "a priest forever in the order of Melchizedek", quoting from Psalm 110:4.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Association_with_the_Messiah">Association with the Messiah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Association with the Messiah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The association or identification of Melchizedek with the <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a> predates Christianity, developing in <a href="/wiki/Jewish_messianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish messianism">Jewish messianism</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_Judaism" title="Second Temple Judaism">Second Temple period</a>. </p><p>A collection of early <a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnostic</a> scripts dating on or before the 4th century, discovered in 1945 and known as the <a href="/wiki/Nag_Hammadi_library" title="Nag Hammadi library">Nag Hammadi library</a>, contains a tractate pertaining to Melchizedek. Here it is proposed that Melchizedek <em>is</em> Jesus Christ.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Melchizedek, as Jesus Christ, lives, preaches, dies and is resurrected, in a gnostic perspective. <i><a href="/wiki/Melchizedek_(text)" title="Melchizedek (text)">The Coming of the Son of God Melchizedek</a></i> speaks of his return to bring peace, supported by God, and he is a priest-king who dispenses justice.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The association with <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a> is made explicit by the author of the <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Epistle to the Hebrews</a>, where Melchizedek the "king of righteousness" and "king of peace" is explicitly associated with the "eternal priesthood" of the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">Son of God</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This association between Melchizedek and Jesus is indirectly supported by a quotation attributed directly to Jesus himself in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a>, in which Jesus obliquely claims to have personally met Abraham: "Abraham your father rejoiced to see my day; he saw it and was glad." (John 8:56.)<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christological</a> interpretation of this Old Testament character being a prefiguration or prototype of the Christ has varied between Christian denominations. <a href="/wiki/Typology_(theology)" title="Typology (theology)">Typological</a> association of Jesus Christ with Old Testament characters occurs frequently in the New Testament and in later Christian writings; thus, Jesus Christ is also associated with Adam (as the "<a href="/wiki/New_Adam" class="mw-redirect" title="New Adam">New Adam</a>") and with <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bread and wine offering of Melchizedek has been interpreted by church fathers including <a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a> as being a prefiguration of the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pelagians" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelagians">Pelagians</a> saw in Melchizedek merely a man who lived a perfect life.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liturgical_commemoration">Liturgical commemoration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Liturgical commemoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Melchizedek is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Text_and_rubrics_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="Text and rubrics of the Roman Canon">Roman Canon</a>, the First <a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_Prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucharistic Prayer">Eucharistic Prayer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman rite">Roman rite</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, and also figures in the current <a href="/wiki/Roman_Martyrology" title="Roman Martyrology">Roman Martyrology</a> as a commemoration on August 26.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is commemorated in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> on May 22,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on the "Sunday of the Forefathers" (two Sundays before Christmas). In the <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_Saints_(Armenian_Apostolic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of Saints (Armenian Apostolic Church)">Calendar of Saints</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a> Melkisetek (<a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: <span lang="hy">Մելքիսեդեք</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian" title="Romanization of Armenian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">Melkisetek</i></span>) is commemorated as one of the Holy Forefathers on July 26. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protestantism">Protestantism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Protestantism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditional Protestant Christian denominations, <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">following Luther</a>, teach that Melchizedek was a historical figure and an archetype of Christ.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tremper_Longman" title="Tremper Longman">Tremper Longman III</a> notes that a popular understanding of the relationship between Melchizedek and Jesus is that Melchizedek is an Old Testament <a href="/wiki/Christophany" title="Christophany">Christophany</a> – in other words, that Melchizedek <em>is</em> Jesus, or at the very least, is a close resemblance of Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latter_Day_Saint_movement">Latter Day Saint movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Latter Day Saint movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Mormon" title="Book of Mormon">Book of Mormon</a> makes reference to Melchizedek in (<a href="/wiki/Book_of_Alma" title="Book of Alma">Alma</a> 13:17–19).<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a>, the movement's founder, "appointed his male followers to priesthoods, named for the biblical figures Melchizedek and Aaron, that were overseen by the office of High Priest", incorporating selected practices from the Hebrew Bible.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica-JosephSmith_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-JosephSmith-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These priesthoods are laid out by Smith in Doctrine and Covenants 107:1–2, 4, 6–10, 14, 17–18, 22, 29, 71, 73, 76,<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as more than twenty additional references in that work. </p><p>The largest denomination in the movement, <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>, states it derives authority to act in God's name through the Melchizedek Priesthood, both from an administrative perspective—performing sacred ordinances—and a ministering capacity. According to the church's summary of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/gospel-topics/melchizedek-priesthood?lang=eng">Melchizedek Priesthood</a>, there are but two priesthoods, "the Melchizedek and the Aaronic." And that the Melchizedek is the higher or greater priesthood, "after the order of the Son of God (or Jesus Christ)." According to their doctrine, this priesthood is the priesthood of Jesus Christ himself, i.e. it is his power which he delegates to certain persons as he sees fit by "calling". This power is not directly cited as His power to avoid the frequent repetition of His sacred name.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its offices include elder, high priest, patriarch, seventy, and apostle.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Islam">In Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: In Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Melchizedek is not referred to in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, some have identified him with the figure known as the <a href="/wiki/Khidr" title="Khidr">Khidr</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a>, Melchizedek (known as Malik as-Salām; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">King of Peace</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is believed to have been the one to initiate Abraham into prophethood.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An Ismaili treatise dated to the 1300s proclaimed that Melchizedek would return following the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Resurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Resurrection">resurrection</a> as a righteous judge and reveal the divine mysteries which the prophets have kept secret throughout the centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_modern_culture">In modern culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: In modern culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Melchizedek appears as a character in <a href="/wiki/Paulo_Coelho" title="Paulo Coelho">Paulo Coelho</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Alchemist_(novel)" title="The Alchemist (novel)">The Alchemist</a></i>, where he guides the protagonist, Santiago.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Melchisedec is the name of a rat befriended by Sarah Crewe in <a href="/wiki/A_Little_Princess" title="A Little Princess"><i>The Little Princess</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Frances_Hodgson_Burnett" title="Frances Hodgson Burnett">Frances Hodgson Burnett</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amraphel" title="Amraphel">Amraphel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arioch" title="Arioch">Arioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Melchizedek" title="Dominion of Melchizedek">Dominion of Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lech-Lecha" title="Lech-Lecha">Lech-Lecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchisedechians" class="mw-redirect" title="Melchisedechians">Melchisedechians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Righteous_Priest" title="Righteous Priest">Righteous Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadok" title="Zadok">Zadok</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Nahmanides" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahmanides">Ramban</a>, <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Bereishith</i></span> chapter 14, opines that the name implies "my king is <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">tzedek</i></span>", based on the notion that the city of Salem is associated with the attribute of righteousness.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I.e., beginning in a form of talking to the person directly and ending the speech as speaking for the recipient – Meshech Chochma to Bereishit chapter 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based on the text <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">שב ל<b>ימיני</b></span></span> with "Yemini" referring either to <a href="/wiki/King_Saul" class="mw-redirect" title="King Saul">King Saul</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Benjamin" title="Tribe of Benjamin">tribe of Benjamin</a> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Bin<b><em>yamin</em></b></i></span>) whom David was careful not to overthrow <em>or</em> to the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> (as per it being referred to as "from his right hand – a fire of religion to them" Deuteronomy)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albright reads <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">melek shelomo</i></span> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">מלך-שלמו</span></span>), "of his peace", instead of <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">melek Salem</i></span>, "king of Jerusalem", brought out bread and wine..."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">English pronunciation according to the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/pronunciation?lang=eng">"Book of Mormon Pronunciation Guide"</a> (churchofjesuschrist.org; retrieved 2012-02-25), <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English">IPA</a>-ified from «mĕl-kĭz'a-dĭk»</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cargill-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cargill_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cargill_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCargill2019" class="citation book cs1">Cargill, Robert R. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZugDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12"><i>Melchizedek, King of Sodom: How Scribes Invented the Biblical Priest-King</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 12–14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-094696-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-094696-8"><bdi>978-0-19-094696-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Melchizedek%2C+King+of+Sodom%3A+How+Scribes+Invented+the+Biblical+Priest-King&rft.pages=12-14&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-19-094696-8&rft.aulast=Cargill&rft.aufirst=Robert+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3ZugDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0114.htm#18">Genesis 14:18–20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Targum_Yonathan" class="mw-redirect" title="Targum Yonathan">Targum Yonathan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Targum_Yerushalmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Targum Yerushalmi">Targum Yerushalmi</a> to Bereishith 14:18–20. <a href="/wiki/Talmud_Bavli" class="mw-redirect" title="Talmud Bavli">Talmud Bavli</a> to tractate Nedarim 32b et al.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blenkinsopp-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blenkinsopp_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blenkinsopp_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blenkinsopp_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blenkinsopp_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlenkinsopp2015" class="citation book cs1">Blenkinsopp, Joseph (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i3Z3BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA56"><i>Abraham: The Story of a Life</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-7287-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-7287-6"><bdi>978-0-8028-7287-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abraham%3A+The+Story+of+a+Life&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-7287-6&rft.aulast=Blenkinsopp&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di3Z3BwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Strong%27s_Concordance" title="Strong's Concordance">Strong's Concordance</a></i> no. 4428 and 6666.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toorn-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Toorn_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toorn_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_Toorn,_K.1996" class="citation book cs1">van der Toorn, K.; et al. (1996). <i><span></span></i>Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible<i><span></span></i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 560.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Deities+and+Demons+in+the+Bible&rft.pages=560&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.au=van+der+Toorn%2C+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassonSznycer1972" class="citation book cs1">Masson, Olivier; Sznycer, Maurice (1972). <i>Recherches sur les Phéniciens à Chypre</i>. Librairie Droz. p. 99.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recherches+sur+les+Ph%C3%A9niciens+%C3%A0+Chypre&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Librairie+Droz&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Masson&rft.aufirst=Olivier&rft.au=Sznycer%2C+Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Page:A_Hebrew_and_English_Lexicon_%28Brown-Driver-Briggs%29.djvu/599"><i>A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament with an appendix containing the Biblical Aramaic</i></a>, written by Francis Brown, Samuel Rolles Driver and Charles Augustus Briggs, based on the Hebrew lexicon of Wilhelm Gesenius as translated by Edward Robinson, Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1906, p. 575.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Geoffrey W. Bromiley ed., The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1994, entries Melchizedek, Adoni-zedek</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0610.htm#1">Joshua 10:1–3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WQI9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA176"><i>The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges</i></a> at Google Books</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0114.htm#17">Genesis 14:17–24</a> see below</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#14:18" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 14:18–20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Speiser, E. A. "Genesis. Introduction, translation, and notes" (AB 1; Garden City 1964) p. 105; Von Rad, "Genesis", pp. 170, 174; Noth, Martin. "A History of Pentateuchal Traditions" (Englewood Cliffs 1972) p. 28, n. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gunkel, Hermann. <i>Genesis</i> (Göttingen 1922) pp. 284–5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZP_f9icf2roC"><i>Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions</i></a>. Encyclopaedia Britannica Publishers, Inc. Staff. 1999. p. 708. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780877790440" title="Special:BookSources/9780877790440"><bdi>9780877790440</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+Encyclopedia+of+World+Religions&rft.pages=708&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Britannica+Publishers%2C+Inc.+Staff&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780877790440&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZP_f9icf2roC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salibi-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Salibi_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Salibi" title="Kamal Salibi">Kamal Salibi</a>, <i>The Bible Came from Arabia</i> Jonathan Cape, 1985, chapter 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0114.htm#18">Genesis 14:18</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0114.htm#19">Genesis 14:19–20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0114.htm#22">Genesis 14:22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Della Vida, G. Levi. "El Elyon in Genesis 14:18–20", JBL 63 (1944) pp. 1–9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fitzmyer, J. A. <i>The Aramaic Inscriptions of Sefire</i>, Revised Edition (Bibor 19A; Rome 1995) pp. 41, 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lack, R. "Les origines de Elyon, le Très-Haut, dans la tradition cultuelle d’Israel", <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Biblical_Quarterly" title="Catholic Biblical Quarterly">CBQ</a> 24 (1962) pp. 44–64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlter2004" class="citation book cs1">Alter, Robert (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fivebooksofmoses00alte/page/70"><i>The Five Books of Moses</i></a></span>. W. W. Norton & Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fivebooksofmoses00alte/page/70">70</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-01955-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-01955-1"><bdi>0-393-01955-1</bdi></a>. <q>Employment of the verb without a subject, not uncommon in biblical usage, occurs at the end of verse 20, where the Hebrew does not state what the context implies, that it is Abram who gives the tithe.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Five+Books+of+Moses&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Co.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-393-01955-1&rft.aulast=Alter&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffivebooksofmoses00alte%2Fpage%2F70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rebstandardediti00bibl"><i>The Revised English Bible</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press, Cambridge University Press. 1989. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rebstandardediti00bibl/page/11">11</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Revised+English+Bible&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frebstandardediti00bibl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayward2010" class="citation book cs1">Hayward, C. T. Robert (2010). <i>Targums and the transmission of scripture into Judaism and Christianity</i>. Koninklijke Brill NV. p. 15. <q>Targum Pseudo-Jonathan makes it clear that Abraham paid tithes to Melchizedek, as does the interpretation adopted by Jub. 13.25–27; Josephus Ant. 1.181; Philo Cong. 93, 99; and, of course, the epistle to the Hebrews [7:4].</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Targums+and+the+transmission+of+scripture+into+Judaism+and+Christianity&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Koninklijke+Brill+NV&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Hayward&rft.aufirst=C.+T.+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerczeg1995" class="citation book cs1">Herczeg, Yisrael Isser Zvi (1995). <i>The Torah: With Rashi's Commentary Translated, Annotated, and Elucidated</i>. Mesorah Publications. p. 140.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Torah%3A+With+Rashi%27s+Commentary+Translated%2C+Annotated%2C+and+Elucidated&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Mesorah+Publications&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Herczeg&rft.aufirst=Yisrael+Isser+Zvi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0431.htm#41">Numbers 31:41</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogatchover_Gaon" class="citation book cs1">Rogatchover Gaon. <i>Tzafnat Paaneach al HaTorah</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tzafnat+Paaneach+al+HaTorah&rft.au=Rogatchover+Gaon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span> commentary on Gen. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar Chodosh</a> to Bereishit chap. 14 (the Zohar text, however, does not state that a name change to "Abra-ha-m" occurred at this point).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt26b0.htm#4">Psalm 110:4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">such as the Vulgate, KJV 1611, JPS 1917</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kugel, James L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VNFnnwcV8jAC"><i>Traditions of the Bible</i>, pp. 278–9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Targum Yonathan to Psalm 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Babylonian Talmud to Nedarim, p. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">zohar vol. 3 p. 53b</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albright, W. F. "Abram the Hebrew: A New Archaeological Interpretation", <i>BASOR</i> 163 (1961) 36–54, esp. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NAB-Gen14-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NAB-Gen14_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/nab/bible/genesis/genesis14.htm#foot5"><i>New American Bible</i> (1980), Genesis 14, fn.5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VNFnnwcV8jAC">James L. Kugel, <i>Traditions of the Bible</i>, pp. 283–284</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Hebrews%205:5–6&version=nrsv">Hebrews 5:5–6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Rosh_Hashanah.18b">Rosh Hashanah 18b</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongenecker2004" class="citation book cs1">Longenecker, Richard N. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8M4fCLIdjuEC&pg=PA191"><i>Studies in Hermeneutics, Christology and Discipleship</i></a>. Sheffield Phoenix Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905048-05-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905048-05-2"><bdi>978-1-905048-05-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Hermeneutics%2C+Christology+and+Discipleship&rft.pub=Sheffield+Phoenix+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-905048-05-2&rft.aulast=Longenecker&rft.aufirst=Richard+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8M4fCLIdjuEC%26pg%3DPA191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBokedalJansenBorowski2023" class="citation book cs1">Bokedal, Tomas; Jansen, Ludger; Borowski, Michael (21 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jlXPEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA77"><i>Scripture and Theology: Historical and Systematic Perspectives</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-076841-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-076841-1"><bdi>978-3-11-076841-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scripture+and+Theology%3A+Historical+and+Systematic+Perspectives&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter+GmbH+%26+Co+KG&rft.date=2023-08-21&rft.isbn=978-3-11-076841-1&rft.aulast=Bokedal&rft.aufirst=Tomas&rft.au=Jansen%2C+Ludger&rft.au=Borowski%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjlXPEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalton2015" class="citation book cs1">Walton, John H. (23 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UMnYBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA97"><i>The Lost World of Adam and Eve: Genesis 2-3 and the Human Origins Debate</i></a>. InterVarsity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-9771-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-9771-1"><bdi>978-0-8308-9771-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lost+World+of+Adam+and+Eve%3A+Genesis+2-3+and+the+Human+Origins+Debate&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2015-02-23&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-9771-1&rft.aulast=Walton&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUMnYBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jutta Leonhardt Jewish worship in Philo of Alexandria 2001 p216 "IIl 82 Philo also identifies Melchizedek with the Logos as priest of God. Thus Melchizedek, Although Philo interprets the Jewish first-fruit offering and quotes the Jewish laws, the general context is still Cain's sacrifice."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fred L. Horton The Melchizedek Tradition: A Critical Examination of the Sources 2005 p170 "In the Genesis Apocryphon Melchizedek is brought into connection with Jerusalem (as he is later in Josephus), and in Philo Melchizedek is honored as the possessor of an unlearned and untutored priesthood, indeed as a representation"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarry_Alan_Hahne2006" class="citation book cs1">Harry Alan Hahne (2006). <i>Corruption and Redemption of Creation: the Natural World in Romans 8.19–22 and Jewish Apocalyptic Literature</i>. A&C Black. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-567-03055-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-567-03055-5"><bdi>0-567-03055-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corruption+and+Redemption+of+Creation%3A+the+Natural+World+in+Romans+8.19%E2%80%9322+and+Jewish+Apocalyptic+Literature&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-567-03055-5&rft.au=Harry+Alan+Hahne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100129084437/http://www.ueberallesdownload.com/enoch7.html">2 Enoch, Chapters 69–72</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorfill,_W_R" class="citation book cs1">Morfill, W R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/3678772/The-Book-of-the-Secrets-of-Enoch-WR-Morfill"><i>The Book of the Secrets of Enoch</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+the+Secrets+of+Enoch&rft.au=Morfill%2C+W+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F3678772%2FThe-Book-of-the-Secrets-of-Enoch-WR-Morfill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Pelle2013" class="citation journal cs1">Stephen Pelle (2013). "A Preliminary Study of the <i>Historia de Melchisedech</i> in the Latin West". <i>Apocrypha</i>. <b>24</b>: 60–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1484%2Fj.apocra.1.103498">10.1484/j.apocra.1.103498</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Apocrypha&rft.atitle=A+Preliminary+Study+of+the+Historia+de+Melchisedech+in+the+Latin+West&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=60-61&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1484%2Fj.apocra.1.103498&rft.au=Stephen+Pelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hs2010-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hs2010_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSumner2010" class="citation web cs1">Sumner, Paul (February 25, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hebrew-streams.org/works/qumran/melchizedek-dss.html">"Melchizedek: Angel, Man or Messiah?"</a>. <i>Hebrew Streams</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hebrew+Streams&rft.atitle=Melchizedek%3A+Angel%2C+Man+or+Messiah%3F&rft.date=2010-02-25&rft.aulast=Sumner&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hebrew-streams.org%2Fworks%2Fqumran%2Fmelchizedek-dss.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWise,_Abegg,_Cook1996" class="citation book cs1">Wise, Abegg, Cook (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780060692001"><i>The Dead Sea Scrolls: a New Translation</i></a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dead+Sea+Scrolls%3A+a+New+Translation&rft.date=1996&rft.au=Wise%2C+Abegg%2C+Cook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780060692001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Melchizedek Tradition: A Critical Examination of the Sources p. 85 Fred L. Horton – 2005 "Interestingly enough, we see that the Genesis Apocryphon offers no unique information about Melchizedek. Josephus gives three items of information not found in the other sources, and Philo four."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearson2003" class="citation book cs1">Pearson, Birger A. (2003). "Melchizedek in Early Judaism, Christianity and Gnosticism". In Stone, Michael E.; Bergren, Theodore A. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eXM1YwCGipMC"><i>Biblical Figures Outside the Bible</i></a>. A&C Black. p. 181. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56338-411-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56338-411-0"><bdi>978-1-56338-411-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Melchizedek+in+Early+Judaism%2C+Christianity+and+Gnosticism&rft.btitle=Biblical+Figures+Outside+the+Bible&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-56338-411-0&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Birger+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeXM1YwCGipMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gareth Lee Cockerill, <i>The Epistle to the Hebrews</i>, vol. 29 of The New International Commentary on the New Testament Author, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2012, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y1kXO5_k5hEC&pg=PA298">298f.</a> (fn. 14).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Willard M. Swartley, <i>Covenant of Peace</i>, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2006, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z0F7NzlsuboC&pg=PA255">p. 255</a>. Gary Staats, <i>A Christological Commentary on Hebrews</i> (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=04GRPAth37oC&pg=PA71">p. 71</a>: "[The writer of <i>Hebrews</i>] is identifying Melchizedek as a king of righteousness and a king of peace. He thus becomes a beautiful type of Jesus Christ who is also the final King of righteousness and the final King of peace."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"if from a string and until a shoe string" – Bereishith 14:23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chizkuni to Bereishith 14:18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0114.htm#21">Genesis 14:21–24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rashbam to Bereishith 1418</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see ohr hachayim to Bereishit 14:18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Machzor_Vitry" class="mw-redirect" title="Machzor Vitry">Machzor Vitry</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pirkei_Avoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirkei Avoth">Pirkei Avoth</a> 4:22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a> to genesis 14:17, quoting <i>medrash aggadah</i>authored by <i><a href="/wiki/Moshe_haDarshan" class="mw-redirect" title="Moshe haDarshan">Rabbi Moshe HaDarshan</a></i>. Medrash Rabbah</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seder_hadoroth_p._9b-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-seder_hadoroth_p._9b_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seder_hadoroth_p._9b_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">seder hadoroth p. 9b.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Malbim" title="Malbim">malbim</a> to genesis chap. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Nahmanides" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahmanides">Ramban</a> to Bereishith 14:18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rashi (based on <a href="/wiki/Sifra" title="Sifra">Sifra</a>) to Bereishith 12:6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">introduction to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hebrewbooks.org/2722"><i>Torath HaKohanim</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Mnachem_Risikoff" title="Mnachem Risikoff">M. Rizikoff</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 9:27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maharzav (Rabbi Zev Wolf Einhorn; ?–1862; Lithuania), to Leviticus Rabbah 25:6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bamidbar 18:7. The <a href="/wiki/Chizkuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Chizkuni">Chizkuni</a> to Leviticus reasons that since the kohen father of the household naturally instills in his children the duties of Kehuna from birth and onward making them successful at their Kohanic duties</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0114.htm#19">Genesis 14:19–20</a>, a precedence not befitting a <i>kohen</i> who is to be of total service to God – <i>Eitz Yosef</i> to Leviticu Rabbah 25:6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rabbi Zechariah, quoting <a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Ishmael" title="Rabbi Ishmael">Rabbi Ishmael</a>; Leviticus Rabbah 25:6, Babylonian Talmud to Nedarim 32b. Zohar vol. 1 p. 86b.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ohr_HaChayim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohr HaChayim">Ohr HaChayim</a> (Rabbi Chaim ben Attar 1696–1742, Morocco) to Genesis 14:18 (first explanation). <i>Eitz Yosef</i> commentary to Leviticus Rabbah 25:6. <a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a> vol. 1 p. 86b</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ohr HaChaim to Bereishith 14:18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maharzav (Z. V. Einhorn) to Leviticus Rabbah 25:6 (since Abraham's demise preceded Shem's by 35 years)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This latter opinion being of the <i>Eitz Yosef</i> commentary to <a href="/wiki/Vayikra_Rabbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Vayikra Rabbah">Vayikra Rabbah</a> 25:6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2302.htm#3">Zechariah 2:3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt26b0.htm#1">Psalm 110</a>). (Babylonian Talmud Baba Batra 14b–15a.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ginzberg, Louis (1909). <i>The Legends of the Jews <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swartzentrover.com/cotor/e-books/misc/Legends/Legends%20of%20the%20Jews.pdf">Volume III: Judah and His Sons</a></i> (translated by Henrietta Szold) Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Hebrews%205:6–10&version=nrsv">Hebrews 5:6–10</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Hebrews%206:20&version=nrsv">Hebrews 6:20</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Hebrews%207:1–21&version=nrsv">Hebrews 7:1–21</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Psalms#110:4" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Psalms">Psalm 110:4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Hebrews#5:6" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Hebrews">Hebrews 5:6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson,_James_M1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_M._Robinson" title="James M. Robinson">Robinson, James M</a> (1978). <i>The Nag Hammadi Library in English</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nag+Hammadi+Library+in+English&rft.date=1978&rft.au=Robinson%2C+James+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Text of the tractate: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/melchiz.html">http://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/melchiz.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gareth Lee Cockerill, "The Epistle to the Hebrews", vol. 29 of <i>The New International Commentary on the New Testament</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2012, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y1kXO5_k5hEC&pg=PA298">298f.</a> (fn. 14).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Willard M. Swartley, <i>Covenant of Peace</i>, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2006, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z0F7NzlsuboC&pg=PA255">p. 255</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gary Staats, <i>A Christological Commentary on Hebrews</i> (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=04GRPAth37oC&pg=PA71">p. 71</a>: "[The writer of <i>Hebrews</i>] is identifying Melchizedek as a king of righteousness and a king of peace. He thus becomes a beautiful type of Jesus Christ who is also the final King of righteousness and the final King of peace."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mail.biblehub.com/nabre/john/8.htm">"John 8 New American Bible"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+8+New+American+Bible&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmail.biblehub.com%2Fnabre%2Fjohn%2F8.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Jesus Christ is not only typologically linked with the priestly order of Melchizedek, but fulfills and supersedes Melchizedek's person and role" Willard M. Swartley, <i>Covenant of Peace</i>, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2006, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z0F7NzlsuboC&pg=PA255">p. 255f.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hprweb.com/2018/09/christ-melchizedek-and-the-eucharistic-sacrifice/">"Christ, Melchizedek, and the Eucharistic Sacrifice"</a>. 3 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christ%2C+Melchizedek%2C+and+the+Eucharistic+Sacrifice&rft.date=2018-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hprweb.com%2F2018%2F09%2Fchrist-melchizedek-and-the-eucharistic-sacrifice%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Edgcumbe Hughes, <i>A Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews</i>, p. 244</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Martyrologium Romanum ex Decreto Sacrosancti Concilii Oecumenici Vaticani II instauratum, auctoritate Ioannis Pauli Pp. II promulgatum</i>, editio [typica] altera, Typis vaticanis, [2004], p. 476.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://days.pravoslavie.ru/en/Days/20120522.htm">May 22/June 4</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140822184924/http://days.pravoslavie.ru/en/Days/20120522.htm">Archived</a> 2014-08-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</i> Orthodox Calendar (Provaslavie.ru).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Luther's works: First lectures on the Psalms II, Psalms 76-126 Martin Luther, Hilton C. Oswald – 1976 "After the order of Melchizedek, which is understood, first, in accordance with the name.<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] Therefore He is the true Melchizedek. Second, this is understood in accordance with the office, because Melchizedek offered the bread and wine"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongman2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tremper_Longman" title="Tremper Longman">Longman, Tremper</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SKEJ3kT7S2kC&pg=PA172"><i>How To Read Genesis</i></a>. InterVarsity Press. p. 172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780830875603" title="Special:BookSources/9780830875603"><bdi>9780830875603</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+To+Read+Genesis&rft.pages=172&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780830875603&rft.aulast=Longman&rft.aufirst=Tremper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSKEJ3kT7S2kC%26pg%3DPA172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/alma/13.17-19?lang=eng">Alma 13:17–19</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-JosephSmith-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica-JosephSmith_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBushman2017" class="citation web cs1">Bushman, Richard L. (25 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Smith-American-religious-leader-1805-1844">"Joseph Smith — American religious leader (1805–1844)"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2017</span>. <q>He appointed his male followers to priesthoods, named for the biblical figures Melchizedek and Aaron, that were overseen by the office of High Priest.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Joseph+Smith+%E2%80%94+American+religious+leader+%281805%E2%80%931844%29&rft.date=2017-04-25&rft.aulast=Bushman&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FJoseph-Smith-American-religious-leader-1805-1844&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/107?lang=eng">Doctrine and Covenants 107:1–2, 4, 6–10, 14, 17–18, 22, 29, 71, 73, 76</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/107?lang=eng&id=p3-p4#p3?lang=eng?lang=eng">Doctrine & Covenants 107:3-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/gospel-topics/melchizedek-priesthood?lang=eng?lang=eng">Melchizedek Priesthood Summary</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ismailignosis.com/2018/03/28/world-of-faith-the-imams-dais-and-the-ismaili-dawah/">"WORLD OF FAITH: THE IMAM'S DA'IS AND THE ISMAILI DA'WAH"</a>. March 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WORLD+OF+FAITH%3A+THE+IMAM%27S+DA%27IS+AND+THE+ISMAILI+DA%27WAH&rft.date=2018-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fismailignosis.com%2F2018%2F03%2F28%2Fworld-of-faith-the-imams-dais-and-the-ismaili-dawah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivingstone2002" class="citation book cs1">Livingstone, David (2002). <i>The Dying God: The Hidden History of Western Civilization</i>. iUniverse. p. 260. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0595231993" title="Special:BookSources/0595231993"><bdi>0595231993</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dying+God%3A+The+Hidden+History+of+Western+Civilization&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0595231993&rft.aulast=Livingstone&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58493333/Multi-disciplinary_dimensions_in_Paulo_C-libre.pdf?1551084973=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DMulti_disciplinary_dimensions_in_Paulo_C.pdf&Expires=1710184377&Signature=N1i3e1WVsHBliY2dFSD8XMM2PuHORk9Ex3tBDIzspkF3S0~Tfa6e3jbPVi6igA-LhSCYPxjPUbhGv8ffQzaJ5WaRtLA6X-dHfV9-qT8SeIbfdueOnLPgktvAnc6j-lBeIMziUVHx588EMBGHsXzIE-36RjJ0Np7IF7M9KqaGAAWSRVBypD5LPCCFhjaua3jH1-nDmMkaR2M0h7MNu5AqEbR-sAp5GAp~WR6ouaAhE~dZ1sxty4vuOgFNoQFlVGYUnm2vz3A8S87r9pQ~LzWWutn1O-EWMHsJx3VR6tpYiGfg1pbpRznzLY7JIKjAYOXNNc2AogAXWGS0uOHZol9iDA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA">Muraleedharan, Manju. "Multi-disciplinary dimensions in Paulo Coelho’s Novel The Alchemist." <i>Journal of Literature, Culture and Media Studies</i> 3.5&6 (2012).</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnett" class="citation book cs1">Burnett, Frances Hodgson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/ALittlePrincess_201303"><i>A Little Princess</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Little+Princess&rft.aulast=Burnett&rft.aufirst=Frances+Hodgson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FALittlePrincess_201303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDallmann2013" class="citation book cs1">Dallmann, Robert W. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christ-like.net/melchisedec.html"><i>Melchisedec: A Character Study</i></a>. Niagara Falls, NY: ChristLife. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780991489114" title="Special:BookSources/9780991489114"><bdi>9780991489114</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Melchisedec%3A+A+Character+Study&rft.place=Niagara+Falls%2C+NY&rft.pub=ChristLife&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780991489114&rft.aulast=Dallmann&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christ-like.net%2Fmelchisedec.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorton1976" class="citation book cs1">Horton, Fred L. (1976). <i>The Melchizedek Tradition: A Critical Examination of the Sources to the Fifth Century A.D. and in the Epistle to the Hebrews</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Melchizedek+Tradition%3A+A+Critical+Examination+of+the+Sources+to+the+Fifth+Century+A.D.+and+in+the+Epistle+to+the+Hebrews&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Fred+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKugel1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Kugel" title="James Kugel">Kugel, James L.</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VNFnnwcV8jAC&pg=PA275">"Melchizedek"</a>. <i>Traditions of the Bible: A Guide to the Bible as It Was at the Start of the Common Era</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. pp. 275–93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-79151-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-79151-7"><bdi>0-674-79151-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Melchizedek&rft.btitle=Traditions+of+the+Bible%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Bible+as+It+Was+at+the+Start+of+the+Common+Era&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=275-93&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-674-79151-7&rft.aulast=Kugel&rft.aufirst=James+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVNFnnwcV8jAC%26pg%3DPA275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.letusreason.org/Doct16.htm">"Priesthood of Melchizedek"</a>. Let Us Reason Ministries. 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Priesthood+of+Melchizedek&rft.pub=Let+Us+Reason+Ministries&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.letusreason.org%2FDoct16.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManzi1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Franco_Manzi" title="Franco Manzi">Manzi, Franco</a> (1997). <i>Melchisedek e l'angelologia nell'Epistola agli Ebrei e a Qumran</i>. <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>: Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblico. p. 433. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-7653-136-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-7653-136-1"><bdi>978-88-7653-136-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Melchisedek+e+l%27angelologia+nell%27Epistola+agli+Ebrei+e+a+Qumran&rft.place=Rome&rft.pages=433&rft.pub=Editrice+Pontificio+Istituto+Biblico&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-88-7653-136-1&rft.aulast=Manzi&rft.aufirst=Franco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathews2013" class="citation book cs1">Mathews, Joshua G. (2013). <i>Melchizedek's Alternative Priestly Order: A Compositional Analysis of Genesis 14:18–20 and Its Echoes Throughout the Tanak</i>. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-820-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-820-6"><bdi>978-1-57506-820-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Melchizedek%27s+Alternative+Priestly+Order%3A+A+Compositional+Analysis+of+Genesis+14%3A18%E2%80%9320+and+Its+Echoes+Throughout+the+Tanak&rft.place=Winona+Lake%2C+IN&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-820-6&rft.aulast=Mathews&rft.aufirst=Joshua+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Williams, Logan (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0142064X231191176">"Melchizedek, the Son of Man, and Eschatological Jubilee: The Sin-Forgiving Messiahs in 11QMelchizedek and Mark"</a>. <i>Journal for the Study of the New Testament</i> 46: 111–149.</li> <li>Speculations on Melchizedek <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.keepandshare.com/doc18/31076/melchizedek-pdf-41k?da=y">[1]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Melchizedek" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Melchizedek"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Melchizedek">"Melchizedek" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Melchizedek&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchizedek" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Extra-Quranic_prophets_of_Islam" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#dcf5dc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Extra-Quranic_prophets_of_Islam" title="Template:Extra-Quranic prophets of Islam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Extra-Quranic_prophets_of_Islam" title="Template talk:Extra-Quranic prophets of Islam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Extra-Quranic_prophets_of_Islam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Extra-Quranic prophets of Islam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extra-Quranic_prophets_of_Islam" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extra-Quranic prophets of Islam</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#dcf5dc;">In <i><a href="/wiki/Qisas_Al-Anbiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Qisas Al-Anbiya">Stories of the Prophets</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#ffffff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_(ancestor_of_Noah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enoch (ancestor of Noah)">Enoch</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eber" title="Eber">Eber</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khidr" title="Khidr">Khidr</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon" title="Gideon">Gideon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daniel_in_Islam" title="Daniel in Islam">Daniel</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#dcf5dc;">In Islamic tradition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Shem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eli_(biblical_figure)" title="Eli (biblical figure)">Eli</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahijah" title="Ahijah">Ahijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shmaya_(tanna)" title="Shmaya (tanna)">Shemaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddo_(prophet)" title="Iddo (prophet)">Iddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanani" title="Hanani">Hanani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehu_(prophet)" title="Jehu (prophet)">Jehu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micaiah" title="Micaiah">Micaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer" title="Eliezer">Eliezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_ben_Jehoiada" title="Zechariah ben Jehoiada">Zechariah ben Jehoiada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriah_(prophet)" title="Uriah (prophet)">Uriah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shadrach,_Meshach,_and_Abednego" title="Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego">Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berechiah" title="Berechiah">Berechiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Rass" title="Companions of the Rass">Hanzalah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khaled_bin_Sinan" title="Khaled bin Sinan">Khaled bin Sinan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#dcf5dc;">In Quranic exegesis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#ffffff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Abel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/People_of_Ya-Sin" title="People of Ya-Sin">People of Ya-Sin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah, son of Berechiah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#dcf5dc;;"><div><i>Italics</i> = While the figure has been revered by many Muslims as a saint, status as a prophet is not accepted by all.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_saints" title="Template talk:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints of the Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Dicastery for the Causes of Saints</a><br />Stages of <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a>: <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God#Catholic_Church" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/The_Venerable#Christianity" title="The Venerable">Venerable</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Virgin Mary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God (Theotokos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (husband)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James of Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a>  <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Saint Michael in the Catholic Church">in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Kiev" title="Anthony of Kiev">Anthony of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_the_Confessor" title="Chariton the Confessor">Chariton the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Borgia" title="Francis Borgia">Francis Borgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Homobonus" title="Saint Homobonus">Homobonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Zographos" title="Lazarus Zographos">Lazarus Zographos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bertrand_(saint)" title="Louis Bertrand (saint)">Louis Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_of_Synnada" title="Michael of Synnada">Michael of Synnada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_of_Thebes" title="Paphnutius of Thebes">Paphnutius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paul I of Constantinople">Paul I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Claver" title="Peter Claver">Peter Claver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonius" title="Salonius">Salonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_of_Radonezh" title="Sergius of Radonezh">Sergius of Radonezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padre_Pio" title="Padre Pio">Pio of Pietrelcina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla and Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede the Venerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church<br />Fathers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Jerusalem" title="Alexander of Jerusalem">Alexander of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles" title="Caesarius of Arles">Caesarius of Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caius_(presbyter)" title="Caius (presbyter)">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Fathers" title="Desert Fathers">Desert Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Mothers" title="Desert Mothers">Desert Mothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Corinth" title="Dionysius of Corinth">Dionysius of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgentius_of_Ruspe" title="Fulgentius of Ruspe">Fulgentius of Ruspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus of Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome of Stridonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melito_of_Sardis" title="Melito of Sardis">Melito of Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_of_Athens" title="Quadratus of Athens">Quadratus of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias of Hierapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_of_Antioch" title="Theophilus of Antioch">Theophilus of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorinus_of_Pettau" title="Victorinus of Pettau">Victorinus of Pettau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_L%C3%A9rins" title="Vincent of Lérins">Vincent of Lérins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abda_and_Abdisho" title="Abda and Abdisho">Abda and Abdisho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_and_Gleb" title="Boris and Gleb">Boris and Gleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld" title="Charles de Foucauld">Charles de Foucauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Martyrs" title="Canadian Martyrs">Canadian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Martyrs" title="Carthusian Martyrs">Carthusian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Martyrs_of_Tlaxcala" title="Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala">Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Persia" title="Christina of Persia">Christina of Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Dismas the Good Thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales" title="Forty Martyrs of England and Wales">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Crowned_Martyrs" title="Four Crowned Martyrs">Four Crowned Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Csan%C3%A1d" title="Gerard of Csanád">Gerard of Csanád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_martyr" title="Great martyr">Great Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">The Holy Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Martyrs" title="Irish Catholic Martyrs">Irish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_martyrs" title="Lübeck martyrs">Martyrs of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Versiglia" title="Luigi Versiglia">Luigi Versiglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Albania" title="Martyrs of Albania">Martyrs of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_martyrs_of_Algeria" title="19 martyrs of Algeria">Martyrs of Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Cajonos" title="Martyrs of Cajonos">Martyrs of Cajonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina" title="Blessed Martyrs of Drina">Martyrs of Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_Saints_of_China" title="Martyr Saints of China">Martyrs of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">21 Martyrs of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_La_Rioja" title="Martyrs of La Rioja">Martyrs of La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Damascus" title="Martyrs of Damascus">Martyrs of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Laos" title="Martyrs of Laos">Martyrs of Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Natal" title="Martyrs of Natal">Martyrs of Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Otranto" title="Martyrs of Otranto">Martyrs of Otranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Prague" title="Martyrs of Prague">Martyrs of Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadok_and_48_Dominican_martyrs_from_Sandomierz" title="Sadok and 48 Dominican martyrs from Sandomierz">Martyrs of Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War">Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Zenta" title="Martyrs of Zenta">Martyrs of Zenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Kolbe" title="Maximilian Kolbe">Maximilian Kolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod">Pedro Calungsod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetua_and_Felicity" title="Perpetua and Felicity">Perpetua and Felicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chanel" title="Peter Chanel">Peter Chanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parenzo" title="Pietro Parenzo">Pietro Parenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomena" title="Philomena">Philomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_of_the_Cristero_War" title="Saints of the Cristero War">Saints of the Cristero War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Teresa Benedicta of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasian_Martyrs" title="Thomasian Martyrs">17 Thomasian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Martyrs_of_Chimbote" title="Three Martyrs of Chimbote">Three Martyrs of Chimbote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulma_family" title="Ulma family">Ulma Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Martyrs" title="Uganda Martyrs">Uganda Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Martyrs" title="Vietnamese Martyrs">Vietnamese Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine" title="Saint Valentine">Valentine of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_and_Corona" title="Victor and Corona">Victor and Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanitas_and_Lazarus_of_Persia" title="Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia">Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions" title="Catholic missions">Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Damien" title="Father Damien">Damien of Molokai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evermode_of_Ratzeburg" title="Evermode of Ratzeburg">Evermode of Ratzeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laval" title="François de Laval">François de Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Illuminator" title="Gregory the Illuminator">Gregory the Illuminator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nino" title="Saint Nino">Nino of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Patrick of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Remigius" title="Saint Remigius">Remigius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (father of Jesus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Popes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_I" title="Pope Adeodatus I">Adeodatus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_II" title="Pope Adeodatus II">Adeodatus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_III" title="Pope Adrian III">Adrian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agapetus_I" title="Pope Agapetus I">Agapetus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho" title="Pope Agatho">Agatho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I" title="Pope Alexander I">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anacletus" title="Pope Anacletus">Anacletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_I" title="Pope Anastasius I">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anicetus" title="Pope Anicetus">Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anterus" title="Pope Anterus">Anterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_II" title="Pope Benedict II">Benedict II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_I" title="Pope Boniface I">Boniface I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IV" title="Pope Boniface IV">Boniface IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Caius" title="Pope Caius">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I" title="Pope Callixtus I">Callixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_I" title="Pope Celestine I">Celestine I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Celestine V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cornelius" title="Pope Cornelius">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eleutherius" title="Pope Eleutherius">Eleuterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_I" title="Pope Eugene I">Eugene I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eusebius" title="Pope Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eutychian" title="Pope Eutychian">Eutychian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Evaristus" title="Pope Evaristus">Evaristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Fabian" title="Pope Fabian">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_I" title="Pope Felix I">Felix I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Felix III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_IV" title="Pope Felix IV">Felix IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_II" title="Pope Gregory II">Gregory II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III" title="Pope Gregory III">Gregory III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Gregory VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hilarius" title="Pope Hilarius">Hilarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hormisdas" title="Pope Hormisdas">Hormisdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hyginus" title="Pope Hyginus">Hyginus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_I" title="Pope Innocent I">Innocent I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_I" title="Pope John I">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_I" title="Pope Julius I">Julius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Leo IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Linus" title="Pope Linus">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Lucius_I" title="Pope Lucius I">Lucius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellinus" title="Pope Marcellinus">Marcellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellus_I" title="Pope Marcellus I">Marcellus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Mark" title="Pope Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_I" title="Pope Martin I">Martin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Miltiades" title="Pope Miltiades">Miltiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_I" title="Pope Paschal I">Paschal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_I" title="Pope Paul I">Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_I" title="Pope Pius I">Pius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pontian" title="Pope Pontian">Pontian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Sergius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Silverius" title="Pope Silverius">Silverius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simplicius" title="Pope Simplicius">Simplicius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Siricius" title="Pope Siricius">Siricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_I" title="Pope Sixtus I">Sixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_II" title="Pope Sixtus II">Sixtus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_III" title="Pope Sixtus III">Sixtus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Soter" title="Pope Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_I" title="Pope Stephen I">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_IV" title="Pope Stephen IV">Stephen IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Symmachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Telesphorus" title="Pope Telesphorus">Telesphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_I" title="Pope Urban I">Urban I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_I" title="Pope Victor I">Victor I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Vitalian" title="Pope Vitalian">Vitalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Zachary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zosimus" title="Pope Zosimus">Zosimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch ben Neriah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_seven_sons" title="Woman with seven sons">Seven Maccabees and their mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah (prophet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah (NT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_of_Sicily" title="Agatha of Sicily">Agatha of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Rome" title="Agnes of Rome">Agnes of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_of_the_Cross" title="Angela of the Cross">Angela of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelthryth" title="Æthelthryth">Æthelthryth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous">Bernadette Soubirous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bologna" title="Catherine of Bologna">Catherine of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_of_Kildare" title="Brigid of Kildare">Brigid of Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Labour%C3%A9" title="Catherine Labouré">Catherine Labouré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Cecilia" title="Saint Cecilia">Cecilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulalia_of_M%C3%A9rida" title="Eulalia of Mérida">Eulalia of Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia" title="Euphemia">Euphemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_Kowalska" title="Faustina Kowalska">Faustina Kowalska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_and_Liberata_of_Como" title="Faustina and Liberata of Como">Faustina and Liberata of Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve" title="Genevieve">Genevieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltrude_of_Liessies" title="Hiltrude of Liessies">Hiltrude of Liessies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateri_Tekakwitha" title="Kateri Tekakwitha">Kateri Tekakwitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Lucy of Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goretti" title="Maria Goretti">Maria Goretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Maravillas_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="María de las Maravillas de Jesús">María de las Maravillas de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcisa_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Narcisa de Jesús">Narcisa de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_of_Naples" title="Patricia of Naples">Patricia of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Rosalia" title="Saint Rosalia">Rosalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_the_Andes" title="Teresa of the Andes">Teresa of the Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Teresa of Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasilla_and_Emiliana" title="Trasilla and Emiliana">Trasilla and Emiliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaldesca_Taccini" title="Ubaldesca Taccini">Ubaldesca Taccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Bakhita" title="Josephine Bakhita">Josephine Bakhita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Marshals" title="Four Holy Marshals">Four Holy Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Holy_Helpers" title="Fourteen Holy Helpers">Fourteen Holy Helpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_of_charity" title="Martyr of charity">Martyr of charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_saint" title="Military saint">Military saints</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athleta_Christi" title="Athleta Christi">Athleta Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Christianus" title="Miles Christianus">Miles Christianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Church Militant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Champions_of_Christendom" title="Seven Champions of Christendom">Seven Champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuous_pagan" title="Virtuous pagan">Virtuous pagan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/16px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/24px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219395#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219395#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219395#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Melchisedek"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/283467894">VIAF</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Melchizedek, King of Salem"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/65317303">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/65647/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjqvbwW3YPKbxVhfyW87Xm">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Melchisedek"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118580515">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Melchizedek, King of Salem"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80163553">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Melchisedech, biblická postava"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=uk2005277718&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007299939605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Melchisedek"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118580515.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118580515">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&oldid=1259236250">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melchizedek&oldid=1259236250</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Melchizedek" title="Category:Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_history_of_Jerusalem" title="Category:Ancient history of Jerusalem">Ancient history of Jerusalem</a></li><li><a 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