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src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-si.svg" width="104" height="12" style="width: 6.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="විකිපීඩියා ගවේෂණය [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>හොයන්න</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input 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class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_si.wikipedia.org&uselang=si" class=""><span>පරිත්‍යාග</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%A7&returnto=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A+%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" title="ඔබ ගිණුමක් තනා පිවිසෙන්නේ නම් මැනවි; කෙසේ වුවත්, එය අනිවාර්ය නොවේ." class=""><span>ගිණුමක් තනන්න</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%BA&returnto=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A+%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" title="අඩවියට පිවිසීමට ඔබව දිරිගැන්වේ. එහෙත් පිවිසීම අනිවාර්ය නොවේ. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>පිවිසෙන්න</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="පුද්ගලික මෙවලම්" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">පුද්ගලික මෙවලම්</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_si.wikipedia.org&uselang=si"><span>පරිත්‍යාග</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%A7&returnto=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A+%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" title="ඔබ ගිණුමක් තනා පිවිසෙන්නේ නම් මැනවි; කෙසේ වුවත්, එය අනිවාර්ය නොවේ."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ගිණුමක් තනන්න</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%BA&returnto=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A+%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" title="අඩවියට පිවිසීමට ඔබව දිරිගැන්වේ. එහෙත් පිවිසීම අනිවාර්ය නොවේ. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>පිවිසෙන්න</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>දායකත්වයන්</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="මෙම අන්තර්ජාල ලිපිනයෙන් කර ඇති සංස්කරණයන් පිළිබඳ සාකච්ඡාව [n]" accesskey="n"><span>සාකච්ඡාව</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crystal_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crystal_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Crystal structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crystal_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-යෙදවුම්" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#යෙදවුම්"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>යෙදවුම්</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-යෙදවුම්-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle යෙදවුම් subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-යෙදවුම්-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ඇසිටිලින්_නිපැයුම" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ඇසිටිලින්_නිපැයුම"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>ඇසිටිලින් නිපැයුම</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ඇසිටිලින්_නිපැයුම-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-කැල්සියම්_cyanamide_නිපැයුම" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#කැල්සියම්_cyanamide_නිපැයුම"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>කැල්සියම් cyanamide නිපැයුම</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-කැල්සියම්_cyanamide_නිපැයුම-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Steel_නිපැයුම" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Steel_නිපැයුම"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Steel නිපැයුම</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Steel_නිපැයුම-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-කාබයිඩ්_ලාම්පු" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#කාබයිඩ්_ලාම්පු"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>කාබයිඩ් ලාම්පු</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-කාබයිඩ්_ලාම්පු-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-බාහිර_සබැඳුම්" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#බාහිර_සබැඳුම්"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>බාහිර සබැඳුම්</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-බාහිර_සබැඳුම්-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">කැල්සියම් කාබයිඩ්</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalsiumkarbied" title="Kalsiumkarbied – අෆ්‍රිකාන්ස්" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kalsiumkarbied" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="අෆ්‍රිකාන්ස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="كربيد الكالسيوم – අරාබි" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كربيد الكالسيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="අරාබි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="کلسیوم کاربید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کلسیوم کاربید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8E" title="Карбід кальцыю – බෙලරුසියානු" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карбід кальцыю" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="බෙලරුසියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Калциев карбид – බල්ගේරියානු" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Калциев карбид" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="බල්ගේරියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1" title="ক্যালসিয়াম কার্বাইড – බෙංගාලි" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যালসিয়াম কার্বাইড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="බෙංගාලි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbur_de_calci" title="Carbur de calci – කැටලන්" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carbur de calci" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="කැටලන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbid_v%C3%A1penat%C3%BD" title="Karbid vápenatý – චෙක්" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karbid vápenatý" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="චෙක්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbit" title="Karbit – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Karbit" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%C4%95" title="Кальций карбичĕ – චවේෂ්" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кальций карбичĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="චවේෂ්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciumcarbid" title="Calciumcarbid – ජර්මන්" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Calciumcarbid" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ජර්මන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_carbide" title="Calcium carbide – ඉංග්‍රීසි" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Calcium carbide" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ඉංග්‍රීසි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalcia_karbonido" title="Kalcia karbonido – එස්පැරන්ටෝ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kalcia karbonido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="එස්පැරන්ටෝ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carburo_de_calcio" title="Carburo de calcio – ස්පාඤ්ඤ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carburo de calcio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ස්පාඤ්ඤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="کلسیم کاربید – පර්සියානු" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلسیم کاربید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="පර්සියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalsiumkarbidi" title="Kalsiumkarbidi – ෆින්ලන්ත" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kalsiumkarbidi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ෆින්ලන්ත" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbure_de_calcium" title="Carbure de calcium – ප්‍රංශ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Carbure de calcium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ප්‍රංශ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalsiumkarbide" title="Kalsiumkarbide – බටහිර ෆ්‍රිසියානු" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kalsiumkarbide" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="බටහිර ෆ්‍රිසියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%93%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%93" title="סידן קרביד – හීබෲ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סידן קרביד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="හීබෲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="कैल्सियम कार्बाइड – හින්දි" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैल्सियम कार्बाइड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="හින්දි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalcijev_karbid" title="Kalcijev karbid – කෝඒෂියානු" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kalcijev karbid" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="කෝඒෂියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalcium-karbid" title="Kalcium-karbid – හන්ගේරියානු" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kalcium-karbid" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="හන්ගේරියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%A4" title="Կալցիումի կարբիդ – ආර්මේනියානු" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կալցիումի կարբիդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ආර්මේනියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalsium_karbida" title="Kalsium karbida – ඉන්දුනීසියානු" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kalsium karbida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ඉන්දුනීසියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carburo_di_calcio" title="Carburo di calcio – ඉතාලි" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carburo di calcio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ඉතාලි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%AD%E5%8C%96%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="炭化カルシウム – ජපන්" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="炭化カルシウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ජපන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbit" title="Karbit – ජාවා" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Karbit" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ජාවා" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%84%ED%99%94_%EC%B9%BC%EC%8A%98" title="탄화 칼슘 – කොරියානු" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탄화 칼슘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="කොරියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Кальций карбиди – කිර්ගිස්" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кальций карбиди" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="කිර්ගිස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Калциум карбид – මැසිඩෝනියානු" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Калциум карбид" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="මැසිඩෝනියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="കാൽസ്യം കാർബൈഡ് – මලයාලම්" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാൽസ്യം കാർബൈഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="මලයාලම්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalsium_karbida" title="Kalsium karbida – මැලේ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kalsium karbida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="මැලේ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciumcarbide" title="Calciumcarbide – ලන්දේසි" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Calciumcarbide" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ලන්දේසි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalsiumkarbid" title="Kalsiumkarbid – නෝර්වීජියානු බොක්මල්" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kalsiumkarbid" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="නෝර්වීජියානු බොක්මල්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylenek_wapnia" title="Acetylenek wapnia – පෝලන්ත" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Acetylenek wapnia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="පෝලන්ත" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbeto_de_c%C3%A1lcio" title="Carbeto de cálcio – පෘතුගීසි" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carbeto de cálcio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="පෘතුගීසි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbur%C4%83_de_calciu" title="Carbură de calciu – රොමේනියානු" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Carbură de calciu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="රොමේනියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Карбид кальция – රුසියානු" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Карбид кальция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="රුසියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalcijum_karbid" title="Kalcijum karbid – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kalcijum karbid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbid_v%C3%A1penat%C3%BD" title="Karbid vápenatý – ස්ලෝවැක්" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Karbid vápenatý" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ස්ලෝවැක්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalcijev_karbid" title="Kalcijev karbid – ස්ලෝවේනියානු" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kalcijev karbid" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ස්ලෝවේනියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalcijum-karbid" title="Kalcijum-karbid – සර්බියානු" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kalcijum-karbid" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="සර්බියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalciumkarbid" title="Kalciumkarbid – ස්වීඩන්" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kalciumkarbid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ස්වීඩන්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="கல்சியம் கார்பைடு – දෙමළ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கல்சியம் கார்பைடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="දෙමළ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="కాల్షియం కార్బైడ్ – තෙළිඟු" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాల్షియం కార్బైడ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="තෙළිඟු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalsiyum_karb%C3%BCr" title="Kalsiyum karbür – තුර්කි" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kalsiyum karbür" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="තුර්කි" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8E" title="Карбід кальцію – යුක්රේනියානු" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карбід кальцію" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="යුක්රේනියානු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%88" title="کیلشیئم کاربائڈ – උර්දු" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیلشیئم کاربائڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="උර්දු" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calci_carbide" title="Calci carbide – වියට්නාම්" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Calci carbide" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="වියට්නාම්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalburo" title="Kalburo – වොරෙය්" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kalburo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="වොරෙය්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E5%8C%96%E9%92%99" title="碳化钙 – චීන" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="碳化钙" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="චීන" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E5%8C%96%E9%88%A3" title="碳化鈣 – කැන්ටොනීස්" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="碳化鈣" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="කැන්ටොනීස්" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q421801#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/si/thumb/4/41/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92.svg/60px-%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/si/thumb/4/41/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92.svg/90px-%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/si/thumb/4/41/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92.svg/120px-%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">මෙම ලිපිය <b><a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="විකිපීඩියා:අනාථ ලිපිය">අනාථ ලිපියක්</a> වන්නේ, වෙනත් කිසිම ලිපියක් <a class="external text" href="https://si.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:WhatLinksHere&target=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A&namespace=0">මෙය වෙත නොබැඳෙන බැවිනි</a></b>. කරුණාකර මෙම ලිපියට <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://si.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A+%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A+%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A">ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි වලින්</a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B3%E0%B7%92" title="උදවු:සබැඳි">සබැඳි එක්කරන්න</a>; යෝජනා සඳහා <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?lang=si&q=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A">සබැඳි සෙවීමේ මෙවලම</a> භාවිතා කරන්න. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2013 ජූනි</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="notice metadata" id="cleanup" style="text-align:left; background: #efefff; margin: 1em 10%; border: #9F9FFF 1px solid;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Translation_arrow_Si.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/si/thumb/6/65/Translation_arrow_Si.svg/60px-Translation_arrow_Si.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/si/thumb/6/65/Translation_arrow_Si.svg/90px-Translation_arrow_Si.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/si/thumb/6/65/Translation_arrow_Si.svg/120px-Translation_arrow_Si.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><big><b>මෙම ලිපිය පරිවර්තනය කළ යුතුය</b></big> <br /> කරුණාකර මෙම ලිපිය සිංහල භාෂාවට පරිවර්තනය කිරීමෙන් දායකවන්න. </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r538571">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>කැල්සියම් කාබයිඩ් </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Calcium_carbide_formula.png" class="mw-file-description" title="කැල්සියම් කාබයිඩ්"><img alt="කැල්සියම් කාබයිඩ්" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Calcium_carbide_formula.png/220px-Calcium_carbide_formula.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Calcium_carbide_formula.png/330px-Calcium_carbide_formula.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Calcium_carbide_formula.png/440px-Calcium_carbide_formula.png 2x" data-file-width="761" data-file-height="581" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:BaO2structure.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/BaO2structure.jpg/220px-BaO2structure.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/BaO2structure.jpg/330px-BaO2structure.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/BaO2structure.jpg/440px-BaO2structure.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="362" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Names </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_nomenclature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemical nomenclature (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">IUPAC name</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">කැල්සියම් කාබයිඩ්</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Identifiers </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=CAS_registry_number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CAS registry number (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">CAS number</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commonchemistry.org/ChemicalDetail.aspx?ref={{{value}}}">{{{value}}}</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChEBI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChEBI (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ChEBI</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId={{{value}}}">CHEBI:{{{value}}}</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChemSpider&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChemSpider (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=DrugBank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DrugBank (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">DrugBank</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ECHA_InfoCard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ECHA InfoCard (පිටුව නොපවතියි)"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.000.772">100.000.772</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421801#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEGG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KEGG (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">KEGG</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kegg.jp/entry/{{{value}}}">{{{value}}}</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubChem (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">PubChem</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid={{{value}}}">{{{value}}}</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=RTECS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTECS (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">RTECS number</a> </td> <td>{{{value}}} </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unique_Ingredient_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">UNII</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r573301">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID4026399">DTXSID4026399</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421801#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2">Properties </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical formula">Molecular formula</a> </td> <td>CaC<sub>2</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="අණුක ස්කන්ධය (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">අණුක ස්කන්ධය</a> </td> <td>64.099 g/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>Appearance </td> <td>White powder to grey/black crystals </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Density&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Density (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Density</a> </td> <td>2.22 g/cm<sup>3</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melting_point&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melting point (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Melting point</a> </td> <td> <p>2160 °C, 2433 K, 3920 °F </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boiling_point&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boiling point (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Boiling point</a> </td> <td> <p>2300 °C, 2573 K, 4172 °F </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solubility&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solubility (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Solubility</a> in <a href="/wiki/Water" class="mw-redirect" title="Water">water</a> </td> <td>decomposes </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2">Structure </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crystal_structure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crystal structure (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Crystal structure</a> </td> <td>Tetragonal <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space group (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Space group</a> </td> <td>D<sup>17</sup><sub>4h</sub>, I4/mmm, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pearson_symbol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pearson symbol (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">tI6</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordination_geometry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coordination geometry (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Coordination<br />geometry</a> </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Hazards </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/21px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/28px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="විකිපීඩියා:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">(what is this?)</a>  <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://si.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A&diff=cur&oldid=267279722">(verify)</a></span><br /></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:Chemical_infobox#References" title="විකිපීඩියා:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD:SHORTDESC:Chemical_compound&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="සැකිල්ල:SHORTDESC:Chemical compound (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">සැකිල්ල:SHORTDESC:Chemical compound</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Carbid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Carbid.jpg/220px-Carbid.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Carbid.jpg/330px-Carbid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Carbid.jpg/440px-Carbid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1208" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption>Calcium carbide.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Calcium carbide</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical compound">chemical compound</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical formula">chemical formula</a> of <a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="කැල්සියම්">Ca</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbide (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">C<sub>2</sub></a>. The pure material is colorless, but most samples have a color ranging from black to grayish-white, depending on the grade. Its main use industrially is in the production of <a href="/wiki/Acetylene" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetylene">acetylene</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcium_cyanamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calcium cyanamide (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">calcium cyanamide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A&action=edit&section=1" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: Production"><span>සංස්කරණය</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Calcium carbide is produced industrially in an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electric_arc_furnace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electric arc furnace (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">electric arc furnace</a> from a mixture of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lime_(mineral)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lime (mineral) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">lime</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coke_(fuel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coke (fuel) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">coke</a> at approximately 2000 °C. This method has not changed since its invention in 1888: </p> <dl><dd>CaO + 3 C → CaC<sub>2</sub> + CO</dd></dl> <p>The high temperature required for this reaction is not practically achievable by traditional combustion, so the reaction is performed in an electric arc furnace with <a href="/wiki/Graphite" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphite">graphite</a> electrodes. The carbide product produced generally contains around 80% calcium carbide by weight. The carbide is crushed to produce small lumps that can range a few mm up to 50 mm. The impurities are concentrated in the finer fractions. The CaC<sub>2</sub> content of the product is assayed by measuring the amount of acetylene produced on hydrolysis. As an example, the British and German standards for the content of the coarser fractions are 295 L/kg and 300 L/kg respectively. Impurities present in the carbide include phosphide, which produces <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phosphine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phosphine (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">phosphine</a> when hydrolysed.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmans_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmans-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This reaction was an important part of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Industrial_revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Industrial revolution (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">industrial revolution</a> in chemistry, and was made possible in the USA as a product of massive amounts of cheap <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydro-electric_power&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydro-electric power (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">hydro-electric power</a> liberated from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Niagara_Falls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niagara Falls (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Niagara Falls</a> before the turn of the 20th century. </p><p>The method for the production in an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electric_arc_furnace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electric arc furnace (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">electric arc furnace</a> was discovered independently by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Willson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Willson (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">T. L Willson</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Moissan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Moissan (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">H. Moissan</a> in 1888 and 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crystal_structure">Crystal structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A&action=edit&section=2" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: Crystal structure"><span>සංස්කරණය</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pure calcium carbide is a colourless solid. The common crystalline form at room temperature is a distorted rock salt structure with the C<sub>2</sub><sup>2−</sup> units lying parallel.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="යෙදවුම්"><span id=".E0.B6.BA.E0.B7.99.E0.B6.AF.E0.B7.80.E0.B7.94.E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.8A"></span>යෙදවුම්</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A&action=edit&section=3" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: යෙදවුම්"><span>සංස්කරණය</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ඇසිටිලින්_නිපැයුම"><span id=".E0.B6.87.E0.B7.83.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.A7.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.BD.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.B1.E0.B7.8A_.E0.B6.B1.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.B4.E0.B7.90.E0.B6.BA.E0.B7.94.E0.B6.B8"></span>ඇසිටිලින් නිපැයුම</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A&action=edit&section=4" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: ඇසිටිලින් නිපැයුම"><span>සංස්කරණය</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reaction of calcium carbide with water was discovered by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Wöhler (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Friedrich Wöhler</a> in 1862. </p> <dl><dd>CaC<sub>2</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> + Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <p>This reaction is the basis of the industrial manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Acetylene" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetylene">acetylene</a>, and is the major industrial use of calcium carbide. In China, acetylene derived from calcium carbide remains a raw material for the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical industry">chemical industry</a>, in particular for the production of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyvinyl_chloride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polyvinyl chloride (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">polyvinyl chloride</a>. Locally produced acetylene is more economical than using imported oil.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production of calcium carbide in China has been increasing. In 2005 output was 8.94 million tons, with the capacity to produce 17 million tons.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the USA, Europe and Japan consumption is generally declining.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production levels in the USA in 1990s were 236,000 tons per year.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="කැල්සියම්_cyanamide_නිපැයුම"><span id=".E0.B6.9A.E0.B7.90.E0.B6.BD.E0.B7.8A.E0.B7.83.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.BA.E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.8A_cyanamide_.E0.B6.B1.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.B4.E0.B7.90.E0.B6.BA.E0.B7.94.E0.B6.B8"></span>කැල්සියම් cyanamide නිපැයුම</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A&action=edit&section=5" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: කැල්සියම් cyanamide නිපැයුම"><span>සංස්කරණය</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>කැල්සියම් කාබයිඩ් reacts with nitrogen at high temperature to form කැල්සියම් cyanamide: </p> <dl><dd>CaC<sub>2</sub> + N<sub>2</sub> → CaCN<sub>2</sub> + C</dd></dl> <p>Calcium cyanamide is used as fertilizer. It is hydrolysed to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyanamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyanamide (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">cyanamide</a>, H<sub>2</sub>NCN.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Steel_නිපැයුම"><span id="Steel_.E0.B6.B1.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.B4.E0.B7.90.E0.B6.BA.E0.B7.94.E0.B6.B8"></span>Steel නිපැයුම</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A&action=edit&section=6" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: Steel නිපැයුම"><span>සංස්කරණය</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>කැල්සියම් කාබයිඩ් is used: </p> <ul><li>in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desulfurisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desulfurisation (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">desulfurisation</a> of iron (pig iron, cast iron and steel)<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmans_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmans-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>as a fuel in steelmaking to extend the scrap ratio to liquid iron, depending on economics.</li> <li>as a powerful <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deoxidizer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deoxidizer (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">deoxidizer</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ladle_(metallurgy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ladle (metallurgy) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ladle</a> treatment facilities.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="කාබයිඩ්_ලාම්පු"><span id=".E0.B6.9A.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.B6.E0.B6.BA.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.A9.E0.B7.8A_.E0.B6.BD.E0.B7.8F.E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.8A.E0.B6.B4.E0.B7.94"></span>කාබයිඩ් ලාම්පු</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A&action=edit&section=7" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: කාබයිඩ් ලාම්පු"><span>සංස්කරණය</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle" style="font-style:italic; padding-left:2em;">මූලික ලිපිය: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbide_lamp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbide lamp (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Carbide lamp</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80:Carbide_lamp_lit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Carbide_lamp_lit.jpg/220px-Carbide_lamp_lit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Carbide_lamp_lit.jpg/330px-Carbide_lamp_lit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Carbide_lamp_lit.jpg/440px-Carbide_lamp_lit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="904" data-file-height="998" /></a><figcaption>Lit carbide lamp</figcaption></figure> <p>Calcium carbide is used in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbide_lamp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbide lamp (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">carbide lamps</a>, in which water drips on the carbide and the acetylene formed is ignited. These lamps were usable but dangerous in coal mines, where the presence of the flammable gas methane made them a serious hazard. The presence of flammable gases in coal mines led to the miner <a href="/w/index.php?title=Safety_lamp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Safety lamp (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">safety lamp</a>. However, carbide lamps were used extensively in slate, copper and tin mines, but most have now been replaced by electric lamps. Carbide lamps are still used for mining in some less wealthy countries, such as in the silver mines near Potosi, Bolivia. Carbide lamps are also still used by some <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caver (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">cavers</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caving&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caving (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">exploring caves</a> and other underground areas,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though they are increasingly being replaced in this use by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Light-emitting_diode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Light-emitting diode (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">LED</a> lights. They were also used extensively as headlights in early automobiles, motorcycles and bicycles, although in this application they are also obsolete, having been replaced entirely by electric lamps.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A&action=edit&section=8" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: Other uses"><span>සංස්කරණය</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the ripening of fruit, calcium carbide is used as source of acetylene gas, which is a ripening agent (similar to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethylene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethylene (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">ethylene</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is still used in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netherlands (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Netherlands</a> for a traditional custom called <i>Carbidschieten</i> (Shooting Carbide). To create an explosion, carbide and water are put in a milk churn with a lid. Ignition is usually done with a torch. Some villages in the Netherlands fire multiple milk churns in a row as a New Year's Eve tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tradition comes from an old <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paganism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paganism (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">pagan</a> religious practice intended to chase off spirits. </p><p>It is used in toy cannons (see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Big-Bang_Cannon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Big-Bang Cannon (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Big-Bang Cannon</a>), as well as in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamboo_cannon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bamboo cannon (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">bamboo cannons</a>. </p><p>Together with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calcium_phosphide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calcium phosphide (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">calcium phosphide</a>, calcium carbide is used in floating, self-igniting naval <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flare_(pyrotechnic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flare (pyrotechnic) (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">signal flares</a> (see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holmes%27_Marine_Life_Protection_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holmes' Marine Life Protection Association (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Holmes' Marine Life Protection Association</a>). </p><p>Calcium carbide is also used in small carbide lamps called <i>carbide candles</i>, which are used for blackening rifle sights to reduce glare. These "candles" are used due to the sooty flame produced by acetylene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="බාහිර_සබැඳුම්"><span id=".E0.B6.B6.E0.B7.8F.E0.B7.84.E0.B7.92.E0.B6.BB_.E0.B7.83.E0.B6.B6.E0.B7.90.E0.B6.B3.E0.B7.94.E0.B6.B8.E0.B7.8A"></span>බාහිර සබැඳුම්</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A&action=edit&section=9" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: බාහිර සබැඳුම්"><span>සංස්කරණය</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch11/final/c11s04.pdf">Calcium Carbide Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scholarchemistry.com/msds/Cal_Carbide.pdf">2008 Material Safety Data Sheet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121119023814/http://www.scholarchemistry.com/msds/Cal_Carbide.pdf">සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත</a> 2012-11-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A&action=edit&section=10" title="ඡේදය සංස්කරණය: References"><span>සංස්කරණය</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r688372">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r713704">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFMassalimov,_I._A.KireevaSangalov2002" class="citation journal cs1">Massalimov, I. A.; Kireeva, M. S.; Sangalov, Yu. A. (2002). <i>Inorganic Materials</i>. <b>38</b>: 363. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1015105922260">10.1023/A:1015105922260</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inorganic+Materials&rft.volume=38&rft.pages=363&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1015105922260&rft.au=Massalimov%2C+I.+A.&rft.au=Kireeva%2C+M.+S.&rft.au=Sangalov%2C+Yu.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A+%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD:Cite_journal" title="සැකිල්ල:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="උදවු:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-handbook-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-handbook_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFPatnaik2003" class="citation book cs1">Patnaik, Pradyot (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=Xqj-TTzkvTEC&pg=PA243"><i>Handbook of Inorganic Chemical Compounds</i></a>. McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB/0070494398" title="විශේෂ:ග්‍රන්ථ මූලාශ්‍ර/0070494398"><bdi>0070494398</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2009-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Inorganic+Chemical+Compounds&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0070494398&rft.aulast=Patnaik&rft.aufirst=Pradyot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DXqj-TTzkvTEC%26pg%3DPA243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A+%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ullmans-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ullmans_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ullmans_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/emrw/9783527306732/ueic/article/a04_533/current/pdf">Calcium Carbide</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:Link_rot" title="විකිපීඩියා:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup>, Bernhard Langhammer, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley Interscience. (Subscription required)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFJ._T._Morehead,_G._de_Chalmot1896" class="citation journal cs1">J. T. Morehead, G. de Chalmot (1896). "The Manufacture of Calcium Carbide". <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. <b>18</b> (4): 311–331. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fja02090a001">10.1021/ja02090a001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=The+Manufacture+of+Calcium+Carbide&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=311-331&rft.date=1896&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja02090a001&rft.au=J.+T.+Morehead%2C+G.+de+Chalmot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A+%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFH._Moissan1892" class="citation journal cs1">H. Moissan (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3071t/f1031.chemindefer">"Chimie Minérale.- Description d'un nouveau four électrique"</a>. <i>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences</i>. <b>115</b>: 1031.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comptes+rendus+hebdomadaires+des+s%C3%A9ances+de+l%27Acad%C3%A9mie+des+sciences&rft.atitle=Chimie+Min%C3%A9rale.-+Description+d%27un+nouveau+four+%C3%A9lectrique&rft.volume=115&rft.pages=1031&rft.date=1892&rft.au=H.+Moissan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k3071t%2Ff1031.chemindefer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A+%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD:Greenwood%26Earnshaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="සැකිල්ල:Greenwood&Earnshaw (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">සැකිල්ල:Greenwood&Earnshaw</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFYa_Dun2006" class="citation web cs1">Ya Dun (2006-01-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tdctrade.com/report/indprof/indprof_060106.htm">"Troubles in the PVC industry"</a>. Hong Kong Trade Development Council.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Troubles+in+the+PVC+industry&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+Trade+Development+Council&rft.date=2006-01-23&rft.au=Ya+Dun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tdctrade.com%2Freport%2Findprof%2Findprof_060106.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A+%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070211125931/http://www.busytrade.com/news/newsinfo.php?id=2425">"Government takes measures to curb development of calcium carbide sector"</a>. BusyTrade.com. 2007-05-16. 2007-02-11 දින <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.busytrade.com/news/newsinfo.php?id=2425">මුල් පිටපත</a> වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී<span class="reference-accessdate">. සම්ප්‍රවේශය <span class="nowrap">2010-08-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Government+takes+measures+to+curb+development+of+calcium+carbide+sector&rft.date=2007-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.busytrade.com%2Fnews%2Fnewsinfo.php%3Fid%3D2425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A+%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFJamie_Lacson,_Stefan_Schlag_and_Goro_Toki2004" class="citation web cs1">Jamie Lacson, Stefan Schlag and Goro Toki (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sriconsulting.com/CEH/Public/Reports/724.5000/">"Calcium Carbide"</a>. SRI Consulting.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Calcium+Carbide&rft.pub=SRI+Consulting&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Jamie+Lacson%2C+Stefan+Schlag+and+Goro+Toki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sriconsulting.com%2FCEH%2FPublic%2FReports%2F724.5000%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A+%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD:Cite_web" class="mw-redirect" title="සැකිල්ල:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="උදවු:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/TheBush/BushAndMountainRecreation/Caving/4/en">"Caving equipment and culture (from [[Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand]])"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caving+equipment+and+culture+%28from+Te+Ara+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2FTheBush%2FBushAndMountainRecreation%2FCaving%2F4%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A+%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD:Cite_web" class="mw-redirect" title="සැකිල්ල:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">URL–wikilink conflict (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:CS1_errors#wikilink_in_url" title="උදවු:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFClemmer,_Gregg1987" class="citation book cs1">Clemmer, Gregg (1987). <i>American Miners' Carbide Lamps: A Collectors Guide to American Carbide Mine Lighting</i>. Westernlore Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Miners%27+Carbide+Lamps%3A+A+Collectors+Guide+to+American+Carbide+Mine+Lighting&rft.pub=Westernlore+Publications&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Clemmer%2C+Gregg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A+%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r713704"><cite id="CITEREFF._B._Abeles_and_H._E._Gahagan,_III1968" class="citation journal cs1">F. B. Abeles and H. E. Gahagan, III (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/content/abstract/43/8/1255">"Abscission: The Role of Ethylene, Ethylene Analogues, Carbon Dioxide, and Oxygen"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plant_Physiol.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plant Physiol. (පිටුව නොපවතියි)">Plant Physiol.</a></i> <b>43</b> (8): 1255–1258. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1104%2Fpp.43.8.1255">10.1104/pp.43.8.1255</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1087003">1087003</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16656908">16656908</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Physiol.&rft.atitle=Abscission%3A+The+Role+of+Ethylene%2C+Ethylene+Analogues%2C+Carbon+Dioxide%2C+and+Oxygen&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1255-1258&rft.date=1968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1087003%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16656908&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1104%2Fpp.43.8.1255&rft.au=F.+B.+Abeles+and+H.+E.+Gahagan%2C+III&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.plantphysiol.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F8%2F1255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A+%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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