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data-file-height=\"600\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EUskoro počinje \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Ure%C4%91iva%C4%8Dki_maraton_povodom_Me%C4%91unarodnog_dana_Roma_2025.\" title=\"Wikipedija:Uređivački maraton povodom Međunarodnog dana Roma 2025.\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:#008100;\"\u003EUređivački maraton povodom Međunarodnog dana Roma\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Dalekozor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dalekozor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Dalekozor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dalekozor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mjerenje_nivelirom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mjerenje_nivelirom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mjerenje nivelirom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mjerenje_nivelirom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Libela</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Libela-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Libela</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Libela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cijevna_libela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cijevna_libela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Cijevna libela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cijevna_libela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kružna_libela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kružna_libela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Kružna libela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kružna_libela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mjerenje_visinskih_razlika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mjerenje_visinskih_razlika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mjerenje visinskih razlika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mjerenje_visinskih_razlika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podjela_nivelira" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podjela_nivelira"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Podjela nivelira</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podjela_nivelira-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niveliri_s_kompenzatorom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niveliri_s_kompenzatorom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Niveliri s kompenzatorom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niveliri_s_kompenzatorom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pogreške_nivelira" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pogreške_nivelira"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pogreške nivelira</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pogreške_nivelira-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dodaci_niveliru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dodaci_niveliru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Dodaci niveliru</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dodaci_niveliru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digitalni_nivelir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digitalni_nivelir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Digitalni nivelir</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Digitalni_nivelir-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Digitalni nivelir</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Digitalni_nivelir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Optika_i_mehanika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Optika_i_mehanika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Optika i mehanika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Optika_i_mehanika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elektronika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektronika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Elektronika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektronika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Sadržaj" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nivelir</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 37 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelir" title="Nivelir — Azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nivelir" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%80" title="Нівелір — Beloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нівелір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Beloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Нивелир — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нивелир" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivell_topogr%C3%A0fic" title="Nivell topogràfic — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nivell topogràfic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivellering" title="Nivellering — Danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nivellering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivellierger%C3%A4t" title="Nivelliergerät — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nivelliergerät" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%89%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Χωροβάτης — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χωροβάτης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_(optical_instrument)" title="Level (optical instrument) — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Level (optical instrument)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivel_topogr%C3%A1fico" title="Nivel topográfico — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nivel topográfico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelliir" title="Nivelliir — Estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nivelliir" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nibel_topografiko" title="Nibel topografiko — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nibel topografiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaaituskoje" title="Vaaituskoje — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vaaituskoje" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niveau_optique" title="Niveau optique — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Niveau optique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%AA" title="מאזנת — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מאזנת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2" title="डम्पी लेवल — Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डम्पी लेवल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelir" title="Nivelir — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nivelir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%83" title="Հարթաչափ — Jermenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարթաչափ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Jermenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livello_(strumento)" title="Livello (strumento) — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Livello (strumento)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ნიველირი — Gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიველირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Нивелир — Kozački" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нивелир" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kozački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Нивелир — Kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нивелир" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelyras" title="Nivelyras — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nivelyras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leidz%C4%AB%C5%86s" title="Leidzīņs — Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Leidzīņs" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelieris" title="Nivelieris — Letonski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nivelieris" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Нивелир — Makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нивелир" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2" title="डम्पी लेवल — Marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डम्पी लेवल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterpas_(landmeetkunde)" title="Waterpas (landmeetkunde) — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Waterpas (landmeetkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niwelator" title="Niwelator — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Niwelator" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ADvel_topogr%C3%A1fico" title="Nível topográfico — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nível topográfico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivel%C4%83_topografic%C4%83" title="Nivelă topografică — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nivelă topografică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Нивелир — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нивелир" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Нивелир — Tađik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нивелир" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tađik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%89%DB%8B%D9%88" title="نىۋو — Ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نىۋو" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%80" title="Нівелір — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нівелір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelir" title="Nivelir — Uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nivelir" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%BA%96%E5%84%80" title="水準儀 — Kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="水準儀" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%B4%E9%8F%A1" title="平水鏡 — kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="平水鏡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q584082#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredite jezičke veze" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nivelir" title="Vidi stranicu sadržaja [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:Nivelir&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovarajte o sadržini ove stranice (stranica ne postoji) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Latinica</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-sh-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&variant=sh-latn" lang="sh-Latn" hreflang="sh-Latn"><span>Latinica</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-sh-Cyrl mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&variant=sh-cyrl" lang="sh-Cyrl" hreflang="sh-Cyrl"><span>Ћирилица</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Teme"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nivelir"><span>Prikaži</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kod</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&action=history" title="Pogledajte prethodne verzije ove stranice [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alatke" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alatke</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Alati</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nivelir"><span>Prikaži</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kod</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&action=history"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Opšte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovdje/Nivelir" title="Pogledajte listu svih stranica koje vode ovamo [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Šta vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_izmjene/Nivelir" rel="nofollow" title="Prelistajte nedavne izmjene stranica koje su povezane s ovom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane izmjene</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&oldid=41245089" title="Nabavite trajnu vezu do ove verzije stranice"><span>Trajna veza</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&action=info" title="Pronađite više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podaci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Nivelir&id=41245089&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Saznajte kako da citirate ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNivelir"><span>Skrati URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNivelir"><span>Preuzmi QR kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Štampanje/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Kolekcija&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Nivelir"><span>Napravi knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Nivelir&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&printable=yes" title="Odštampajte ovu stranicu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Odštampaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na drugim projektima </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Surveying_levels" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q584082" title="Pogledajte povezanu stavku u skladištu podataka [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodacima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Us_land_survey_officer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Us_land_survey_officer.jpg/300px-Us_land_survey_officer.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Us_land_survey_officer.jpg/450px-Us_land_survey_officer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Us_land_survey_officer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>Korištenje nivelira na gradilištu</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Automatic_Level.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Automatic_Level.svg/300px-Automatic_Level.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Automatic_Level.svg/450px-Automatic_Level.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Automatic_Level.svg/600px-Automatic_Level.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="175" /></a><figcaption>Automatski nivelir koristi optički element na njihalu (kompenzator) da kompenzira male greške</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Surveyors_tripod.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Surveyors_tripod.jpg/300px-Surveyors_tripod.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Surveyors_tripod.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Stalak za nivelir</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:DetalleNivelDeBurbuja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/DetalleNivelDeBurbuja.jpg/300px-DetalleNivelDeBurbuja.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/DetalleNivelDeBurbuja.jpg/450px-DetalleNivelDeBurbuja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/DetalleNivelDeBurbuja.jpg/600px-DetalleNivelDeBurbuja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Cijevna libela</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Green_bull%27s_eye_level_(level).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Green_bull%27s_eye_level_%28level%29.jpg/300px-Green_bull%27s_eye_level_%28level%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Green_bull%27s_eye_level_%28level%29.jpg/450px-Green_bull%27s_eye_level_%28level%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Green_bull%27s_eye_level_%28level%29.jpg/600px-Green_bull%27s_eye_level_%28level%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Kružna libela</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Surveyors_tripod_head.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Surveyors_tripod_head.jpg/300px-Surveyors_tripod_head.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Surveyors_tripod_head.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Na stalku se nalazi vijak za pritezanje nivelira</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Surveyors_tripod_foot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Surveyors_tripod_foot.jpg/300px-Surveyors_tripod_foot.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Surveyors_tripod_foot.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Noga stalka se može podešavati</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Nivelir</b> je osnovni <a href="/wiki/Mjerni_instrument" title="Mjerni instrument">mjerni instrument</a> za mjerenje visinskih razlika kod <a href="/wiki/Geodetsko_mjerenje" title="Geodetsko mjerenje">geodetskih mjerenja</a>. Osnovni princip zasniva se na djelovanju <a href="/wiki/Gravitacija" title="Gravitacija">sile teže</a>, odnosno dovođenje vizurne osi <a href="/wiki/Dalekozor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalekozor">dalekozora</a> u horizontalni položaj. To se postiže primjenom <a href="/wiki/Libela" title="Libela">libele</a> ili kompenzatora. Korištenjem nivelira, visinske razlike se dobivaju iz direktnih mjerenja. <b>Nivelmanska letva</b> treba biti vertikalno postavljena u prostoru, što se postiže kružnom libelom. </p><p>Na donjem dijelu nivelira nalaze se tri podnožna <a href="/wiki/Vijak" title="Vijak">vijka</a> koji služe za horizontiranje instrumenta. Gornji dio se okreće oko glavne (vertikalne) osi, a ujedno je i nosač dalekozora. Glavna os mora osigurati stabilnost instrumenta i vrlo pravilno zakretanje ostalih pokretnih dijelova, što zahtijeva posebnu kvalitetu materijala i točnu izradu. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dalekozor">Dalekozor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Dalekozor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Dalekozor"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Dalekozor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalekozor">Dalekozor</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Osnovna operacija pri geodetskim mjerenjima , bilo da se radi o mjerenjima <a href="/wiki/Pravac" title="Pravac">pravaca</a> ili mjerenjima na nivelmansku letvu, je viziranje. Za tu svrhu služi dalekozor. Osnovni dijelovi dalekozora su: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Objektiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Objektiv (stranica ne postoji)">objektiv</a>, nitni križ, <a href="/wiki/Okular" title="Okular">okular</a>. Objektiv služi za preslikavanje predmeta (vizurnih marki) iz prostora predmeta u prostor slike. Slika predmeta koju stvara objektiv mora se nalaziti u ravnini nitnog križa (ako to nije slučaj dolazi do paralakse nitnog križa). Spojnica presjeka niti nitnog križa i glavne točke objektiva čini vizurnu os. Nitni križ zajedno sa nastalom slikom opažanog predmeta (marke) promatramo okularom koji ima ulogu lupe (povećala). Dalekozor zajedno sa <a href="/wiki/Oko" title="Oko">okom</a> opažača čini cjelinu i konačno slika nitnog križa i mjerenog predmeta stvara se na <a href="/wiki/Mre%C5%BEnica_(oko)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mrežnica (oko)">mrežnici oka</a>. </p><p>Dalekozor je <a href="/wiki/Optika" title="Optika">optički</a> instrument koji u svojoj osnovnoj namjeni služi za povećanje vidnog kuta prilikom promatranja udaljenih predmeta. Dalekozor je građen od objektiva i okulara. Objektiv je sabirni optički sustav koji stvara realnu međusliku udaljenih predmeta po zakonima optičkog preslikavanja. Predmet promatranja nalazi se na udaljenosti većoj od 2 <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDari%C5%A1te" class="mw-redirect" title="Žarište">žarišta</a> objektiva, te je slika koju stvara objektiv umanjena, realna i preokrenuta. Okular je povećalo kojim se promatra realna međuslika. Iza okulara se nalazi oko opažača, dalekozor je stoga subjektivni optički instrument. <b>Mjerni dalekozor</b> (1611. je napravio <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Kepler</a>) ima u ravnini zadanog vidnog polja ugrađenu staklenu pločicu s nitnim križem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mjerenje_nivelirom">Mjerenje nivelirom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Mjerenje nivelirom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mjerenje nivelirom"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Dioptriranje</b> je postupak izoštravanja slike nitnog križa okretanjem tubusa okulara. Oko sliku nitnog križa treba vidjeti oštro u stanju mirovanja akomodacije. Samo je jedan položaj <a href="/wiki/Okular" title="Okular">okulara</a> u koji ga treba postaviti prije mjerenja dalekozorom i više ga u toku mjerenja ne smijemo mijenjati. Okular odvinemo toliko da slika nitnog križa ne bude oštra. Zakrećemo okular prema pločici sa nitnim križem do najpovoljnije oštrine. Pročitamo položaj na dioptrijskoj skali, te u istom smjeru zakrenemo okular za otprilike 0,5 dioptrije. Time smo okular doveli u optimalan položaj, a oko u stanje mirovanja akomodacije. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Viziranjem</b> navodimo nitni križ (tj. njegovu sliku) na točku cilja (vizurnu točku, objekt, marku). U prvom položaju nivelira grubo se vizira vizurna točka preko nišana dalekozora tako da se slika opažanog objekta dovede u vidno polje. Nakon grubog viziranja, kod zakočenog gornjeg dijela i dalekozora, <a href="/wiki/Vijak" title="Vijak">vijcima</a> za fini pomak dalekozora fino viziramo, dovodimo niti nitnog križa na mjerni objekt. </p><p><b>Vizurna os</b> određena je <a href="/wiki/Pravac" title="Pravac">pravcem</a> koji prolazi presjecištem glavnih niti nitnog križa i glavnom točkom objektiva. Ravnina koju opisuje vizurna os pri okretanju oko horizontalne osi nivelira naziva se <b>vizurnom ravninom</b>. </p><p>Pod pojmom <b>vizure</b> podrazumijeva se skup točaka kojim prolazi zraka <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlosti</a> od vizirane točke kroz <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_atmosfera" title="Zemljina atmosfera">atmosferu</a> do objektiva dalekozora, te dalje do presjecišta nitnog križa. Zbog utjecaja <a href="/wiki/Refrakcija" class="mw-redirect" title="Refrakcija">refrakcije</a> vizura je u prostoru blago zakrivljena <a href="/wiki/Krivulja" title="Krivulja">krivulja</a>. </p><p>Prije finog viziranja potrebno je <b>izoštriti sliku</b> opažanog objekta. Slika mjernog objekta mora biti oštra i treba se nalaziti u ravnini nitnog križa. Prema konstrukciji dalekozora postoje dva načina izoštravanja: </p> <ul><li>Vanjsko izoštravanje - okular se zajedno sa nitnim križem pomiče unutar cijevi objektiva. Duljina dalekozora je promjenjiva i ovisi o udaljenosti opažane točke. Nedostatak ovakvog načina izoštravanja je u tome što je pomična okularna cijev izložena vanjskim oštećenjima i utjecajima.</li> <li>Unutrašnje izoštravanje - dalekozor je zatvorena cjelina, duljina je konstantna. Izoštravanje se radi pomicanjem jednog optičkog elementa, a to je <a href="/wiki/Le%C4%87a_(optika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leća (optika)">leća</a> ili zrcalo. Kod današnjih dalekozora nivelira najčešće se pomiče negativni član objektiva. Što je objekt bliži, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDari%C5%A1te" class="mw-redirect" title="Žarište">žarišna daljina</a> je kraća, negativni član je bliže nitnom križu.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Oko" title="Oko">Oko</a> zajedno s dalekozorom čini optičku cjelinu, te je viziranje prema tome subjektivno fiziološko-optička pojava. Točnost viziranja ovisi o mnogim faktorima kao što su: rasvjeta, kontrast i oblik mjernog objekta, oblik i debljina niti nitnog križa, <a href="/wiki/Paralaksa" title="Paralaksa">paralaksa</a> nitnog križa, udaljenost opažanog objekta, stanje u atmosferi, fiziološka i optička svojstva oka opažača i psihološki utjecaji. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Libela">Libela</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Libela" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Libela"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Libela" title="Libela">Libela</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Kod geodetskih instrumenata libele služe za postavljanje osi u vertikalan ili horizontalan položaj; a također, koriste se i kod geodetskog pribora. Po obliku se libele mogu podijeliti na cijevne i kružne (dozne). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cijevna_libela">Cijevna libela</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Cijevna libela" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Cijevna libela"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cijevna libela se prvi puta primijenila 1661. Sastoji se od <a href="/wiki/Staklo" title="Staklo">staklene</a> <a href="/wiki/Cijev" title="Cijev">cijevi</a> koja je sa unutrašnje strane brušena u bačvastom obliku. Ispunjena je tekućinom niskog ledišta (nižeg od - 50˚C), a to je <a href="/wiki/Alkoholi" title="Alkoholi">alkohol</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Eter" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Eter">eter</a>. </p><p>S vanjske strane libele nalazi se ugravirana podjela koja može biti kontinuirana ili simetrična (prekinuta). Središnja točka podjele naziva se markom libele. Osjetljivost ili podatak libele mjeri se središnjim kutom koji odgovara luku od jednog parsa (ε). To je kut promjene nagiba libele uz pomak mjehura za veličinu jednog parsa. Najpreciznije libele imaju osjetljivost od 1˝ do 2˝. Osjetljivost se kod geodetskih instrumenata kreće od: 10˝ - 120˝. Ispravno promatranje podjele libele je promatranje okomito na podjelu. Temperatura utječe na duljinu mjehura libele. Libela na dalekozoru postavljena je paralelno sa vizurnom osi dalekozora i služi za točnije postavljanje dalekozora tj. vizurne osi u horizontalan položaj. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kružna_libela"><span id="Kru.C5.BEna_libela"></span>Kružna libela</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Kružna libela" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kružna libela"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kružna (dozna) libela datira od 1770. Primjenjuje se za grubo horizontiranje. Gornja ploha libele je dio kugle. Sa vanjske strane stakla nalazi se jedan ili više koncentričnih kružića. Središte <a href="/wiki/Krug" title="Krug">kružića</a> je marka libele. Os dozne libele prolazi markom i središtem zakrivljenosti unutrašnje brušene plohe. Kada se mjehurić nalazi u središtu kružića libela je namještena; os libele je vertikalna u prostoru. Osjetljivost kružne (dozne) libele kreće se od 2΄ - 30΄ te se koristi za grubo horizontiranje instrumenata i pribora. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mjerenje_visinskih_razlika">Mjerenje visinskih razlika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Mjerenje visinskih razlika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mjerenje visinskih razlika"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Korištenjem nivelira, visinske razlike se određuju očitanjem na nivelmanskim letvama, koje se postavljaju vertikalno pomoću dozne libele na točke na kojima se određuju visinske razlike. Pri tome, vizurna linija treba biti u horizontalnoj ravnini. Nivelir se postavlja na stativ, u pravilu u sredinu između točaka čija se visinska razlika određuje. </p><p>Za određivanje visinske razlike između udaljenih točaka, potrebno je postupno prenositi visine od točke do točke. Visina neke točke na Zemljinoj površini je udaljenost te točke od srednje nivo plohe <a href="/wiki/More" title="More">mora</a>. Nivo ploha mora određuje se dugogodišnjim opažanjem s instrumentima – <a href="/wiki/Mareograf" title="Mareograf">mareografima</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Podjela_nivelira">Podjela nivelira</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Podjela nivelira" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Podjela nivelira"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nivelire dijelimo po točnosti na osnovi srednje visinske razlike po 1 <a href="/wiki/Metar" title="Metar">km</a> obostranog niveliranja: </p> <ul><li>niveliri najviše točnosti ≤ 0,5 mm / km</li> <li>niveliri visoke točnosti ≤ 1,0 mm / km</li> <li>niveliri više točnosti ≤ 3,0 mm / km</li> <li>niveliri srednje točnosti ≤ 8,0 mm / km</li> <li>obični ili jednostavni niveliri > 8 mm / km</li></ul> <p>Podjela nivelira po namjeni: </p> <ul><li>precizni niveliri</li> <li>inženjerski niveliri</li> <li>građevinski niveliri</li></ul> <p>Podjela nivelira prema načinu horizontiranja vizurne linije: </p> <ul><li>niveliri s libelom</li> <li>digitalni niveliri</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Niveliri_s_kompenzatorom">Niveliri s kompenzatorom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odjeljak Niveliri s kompenzatorom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Niveliri s kompenzatorom"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U današnjoj primjeni najviše se koriste niveliri s kompenzatorom koji omogućuje automatsko horizontiranje geodetske vizurne linije u radnom području kompenzatora. Kompenzator je optičko-mehanički sklop, koji unutar područja rada (hoda) automatski kompenzira utjecaj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagib_osi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagib osi (stranica ne postoji)">nagiba</a> vertikalne osi na položaj vizurne osi, te je dovodi horizontalno u prostoru. Kompenzator radi na principu fizikalnog <a href="/wiki/Njihalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Njihalo">njihala</a>. Kompenzator je u većini nivelira smješten unutar kućišta dalekozora, između objektiva i nitnog križa. </p><p>Prva konstrukcija nivelira, gdje se kao kompenzator primjenjuje optički element na njihalu, datira od 1950. (prvi nivelir izrađen je u tvornici ZEISS – Opton, Oberkochen, tadašnja <a href="/wiki/Zapadna_Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Zapadna Njemačka">Zapadna Njemačka</a>). Zadatak kompenzatora je da pri nagnutom dalekozoru (tj. nagnutoj vertikalnoj osi) unutar područja kompenzacije, obično od 5´ do 30´, automatski otkloni zrake snopa, tako da vizurna linija bude u prostoru horizontalna. </p><p>Uređaj za kompenzaciju je složene optičko – mehaničke građe, gdje se kompenzatorom naziva samo pomični element. Kao pomični optički elementi koriste se: prizme za refleksiju (pravokutna, krovna, sustav prizama), ravno zrcalo, kutno zrcalo, <a href="/wiki/Le%C4%87a_(optika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leća (optika)">leća</a>, te u nekim slučajevima i tekućina. Unutar samog kompenzatora nalazi se i optički sustav od više optičkih elemenata koji su nepomični. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pogreške_nivelira"><span id="Pogre.C5.A1ke_nivelira"></span>Pogreške nivelira</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odjeljak Pogreške nivelira" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Pogreške nivelira"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kao i kod <a href="/wiki/Teodolit" title="Teodolit">teodolita</a>, tako i kod nivelira, ispituje se ispravnost pojedinih osi: ispravnost glavne osi, vizurne osi, osi kružne libele. Glavna ili vertikalna os nivelira za vrijeme mjerenja mora biti vertikalna. Vizurna os mora biti u prostoru horizontalna. Os kružne libele treba biti paralelna s glavnom osi. Kod niveliranja glavni uvjet nivelira je da pri vertikalnom položaju glavne osi vizurna os mora biti u prostoru horizontalna. Ako uvjet nije zadovoljen, kao posljedica je pogreška visinske razlike pri nejednakim udaljenostima nivelmanske letve od nivelira. Svi ostali uvjeti su sporedni. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dodaci_niveliru">Dodaci niveliru</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odjeljak Dodaci niveliru" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Dodaci niveliru"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Plan paralelna ploča kao mikrometarski vijak može biti ugrađena ispred objektiva dalekozora ili samostalno kao dodatak ispred objektiva. Primjenjuje se kod nivelira najviše točnosti ili kod preciznih nivelira.</li> <li>Objektivna prizma za otklon zrake svjetlosti za 90°. Primjenjuje se za dovođenje vizurne osi u vertikalnu ravninu.</li> <li>Predleća kao dodatak objektivu radi viziranja vrlo bliskih točaka ili očitanja lineala.</li> <li>„Slomljeni“ okular za promatranje kroz dalekozor odozgo.</li> <li>Dodatak za osvjetljenje nitnog križa.</li> <li>Laserski okular za projekciju nitnog križa laserskom svjetlošću kod mjerenja u tamnim prostorijama (npr. <a href="/wiki/Tunel" title="Tunel">tunel</a> i dr.)</li> <li>Izmjenljivi okulari za različita povećanja dalekozora.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Digitalni_nivelir">Digitalni nivelir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odjeljak Digitalni nivelir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Digitalni nivelir"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Optika_i_mehanika">Optika i mehanika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odjeljak Optika i mehanika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Optika i mehanika"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Digitalni nivelir izrađen je isto kao nivelir s kompenzatorom. Optički i mehanički dijelovi su istovjetni. S digitalnim nivelirom mogu se izvoditi i klasična vizualna opažanja. <a href="/wiki/Digitalizacija" title="Digitalizacija">Digitalni</a> nivelir ima ugrađenu diobenu kocku koja ima ulogu djelitelja zračenja (<a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlosti</a>). Diobena kocka dijeli <a href="/wiki/Infracrveno_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Infracrveno zračenje">infracrvenu svijetlost</a> od vidljive. Infracrvenu svjetlost (sliku) otklanja na <a href="/wiki/Fotodioda" title="Fotodioda">fotodiode</a> poredane u jednom redu, a vidljivu svjetlost (sliku) otklanja na nitni križ. U redu se nalazi 256 fotodioda na približno 6,5 mm dužine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elektronika">Elektronika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odjeljak Elektronika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Elektronika"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fotodiode pretvaraju sliku kodirane (digitalne) podjele u analogni videosignal. Signal odlazi na analogno-digitalni pretvarač, a zatim podaci odlaze u <a href="/wiki/Procesor" title="Procesor">procesor</a> na obradu. Poslije obrade mjernih signala u procesoru, na ekranu se prikazuje duljina do letve i očitanje letve. Putem tipkovnice unose se različiti numerički podaci i upravlja radom nivelira. </p><p>Mjerni podaci se registriraju u modulu za registraciju podataka. Nivelir ima niz programa koji omogućavaju kontrolu i obradu dobivenih podataka – očitanje letve, duljina, broj točke, stajalište, visinske razlike i dr. Podaci se prenose na <a href="/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Računalo">računalo</a> za daljnju obradu. Uz digitalni nivelir postoji specijalna letva, koja kao podjelu ima <a href="/wiki/Binarni_brojevni_sustav" class="mw-redirect" title="Binarni brojevni sustav">binarni kod</a> – kodirana letva. S druge strane letve obično se nalazi klasična podjela u jedinicama za duljinu. Ta podjela služi pri vizualnom opažanju. Kodirane letve su duljine 1,35 <a href="/wiki/Metar" title="Metar">m</a>, 2,70 m, ili 4,05 m. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poveznice">Poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odjeljak Poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&action=edit&section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Poveznice"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teodolit" title="Teodolit">Teodolit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotacijski_laserski_nivelir" title="Rotacijski laserski nivelir">Rotacijski laserski nivelir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalna_stanica" title="Totalna stanica">Totalna stanica</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odjeljak Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&action=edit&section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r42389381">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.geof.unizg.hr/~zlasic/Geodetski%20instrumenti_predavanja.pdf">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140922132544/http://www2.geof.unizg.hr/~zlasic/Geodetski%20instrumenti_predavanja.pdf">Arhivirano</a> 2014-09-22 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a> "Geodetski instrumenti" Prof. dr. sc. Zlatko Lasić, Geodetski fakultet Zagreb, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.geof.unizg.hr/~zlasic/vjezbe.pdf">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131228113136/http://www2.geof.unizg.hr/~zlasic/vjezbe.pdf">Arhivirano</a> 2013-12-28 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a> "Geodetski instrumenti - vježbe" Prof. dr. sc. Zlatko Lasić, Geodetski fakultet Zagreb, 2011.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&oldid=41245089">https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nivelir&oldid=41245089</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Geodezija" title="Kategorija:Geodezija">Geodezija</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Opti%C4%8Dki_ure%C4%91aji" title="Kategorija:Optički uređaji">Optički uređaji</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Mjerni_instrumenti" title="Kategorija:Mjerni instrumenti">Mjerni instrumenti</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Sakrivena kategorija: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Kategorija:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena 16. marta 2022. u 20:53.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uslovi. 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