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First, the papers by Watanabe and Koppenborg point to Japan’s pro-nuclear ‘iron triangle’ drifting apart, as LDP lawmakers supported the 2011 FIT Law out of self-interest and electric utilities’ nuclear safety investment decision undercut the government’s 2030 nuclear energy targets. Second, there are signs that, in fact, all energy politics is local. Hymans identifies onsen owners as veto players in geothermal electricity development, Koppenborg points to citizen groups’ class-action lawsuits against nuclear reactor restarts, and Kameyama highlights the recent emergence of both non-state and sub state actors as decarbonization drivers. As the paper by Satoh and Weiss argues, these developments challenge some prominent conceptualizations of Japan’s civil society in which hierarchical networks enable the state to shape public interest. In light of the 10th anniversary of 3.11 and Prime Minister Suga’s recent announcement that Japan will work towards carbon neutrality by 2050, we hope that this special issue will inspire further research on the drivers of Japan’s inevitable energy transition.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Florentine Koppenborg"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2021-03-08","dateModified":"2021-03-08","datePublished":"2021-01-01","headline":"Japan’s Energy Transition 10 Years after the Fukushima Nuclear Accident: Special Issue Introduction","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Renewable Energy","Energy Politics","Nuclear power","Energy transition","Social Movements/Civil Society"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Social Science Japan Journal","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/45436959/Japan_s_Energy_Transition_10_Years_after_the_Fukushima_Nuclear_Accident_Special_Issue_Introduction","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-352e32ba4e89304dc0b4fa5b3952eef2198174c54cdb79066bc62e91c68a1a91.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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[{"id":65947485,"identifier":"Attachment_65947485","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":45436959,"created_at":"2021-03-08T23:35:55.299-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-04-27T14:38:47.573-07:00","_data":{"doi":"10.1093/ssjj/jyaa052","abstract":"The five papers together shine a light on the driving forces behind Japan’s energy transition – civil society or vested interest – and identify two noteworthy patterns at play since 2011. First, the papers by Watanabe and Koppenborg point to Japan’s pro-nuclear ‘iron triangle’ drifting apart, as LDP lawmakers supported the 2011 FIT Law out of self-interest and electric utilities’ nuclear safety investment decision undercut the government’s 2030 nuclear energy targets. Second, there are signs that, in fact, all energy politics is local. Hymans identifies onsen owners as veto players in geothermal electricity development, Koppenborg points to citizen groups’ class-action lawsuits against nuclear reactor restarts, and Kameyama highlights the recent emergence of both non-state and sub state actors as decarbonization drivers. As the paper by Satoh and Weiss argues, these developments challenge some prominent conceptualizations of Japan’s civil society in which hierarchical networks enable the state to shape public interest. In light of the 10th anniversary of 3.11 and Prime Minister Suga’s recent announcement that Japan will work towards carbon neutrality by 2050, we hope that this special issue will inspire further research on the drivers of Japan’s inevitable energy transition.","publication_date":"2021,,","publication_name":"Social Science Japan Journal"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Japan’s Energy Transition 10 Years after the Fukushima Nuclear Accident: Special Issue Introduction","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [14192394]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":65947485,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Japan’s Energy Transition 10 Years after the Fukushima Nuclear Accident: Special Issue Introduction”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/65947485/mini_magick20210309-6520-1ed4tct.png?1615278027" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Japan’s Energy Transition 10 Years after the Fukushima Nuclear Accident: Special Issue Introduction</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="14192394" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FlorentineKoppenborg"><img alt="Profile image of Florentine Koppenborg" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/14192394/7773752/16233205/s65_florentine.koppenborg.jpg" />Florentine Koppenborg</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2021, Social Science Japan Journal</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The five papers together shine a light on the driving forces behind Japan’s energy transition – civil society or vested interest – and identify two noteworthy patterns at play since 2011. First, the papers by Watanabe and Koppenborg point to Japan’s pro-nuclear ‘iron triangle’ drifting apart, as LDP lawmakers supported the 2011 FIT Law out of self-interest and electric utilities’ nuclear safety investment decision undercut the government’s 2030 nuclear energy targets. Second, there are signs that, in fact, all energy politics is local. Hymans identifies onsen owners as veto players in geothermal electricity development, Koppenborg points to citizen groups’ class-action lawsuits against nuclear reactor restarts, and Kameyama highlights the recent emergence of both non-state and sub state actors as decarbonization drivers. As the paper by Satoh and Weiss argues, these developments challenge some prominent conceptualizations of Japan’s civil society in which hierarchical networks enable the state to shape public interest. In light of the 10th anniversary of 3.11 and Prime Minister Suga’s recent announcement that Japan will work towards carbon neutrality by 2050, we hope that this special issue will inspire further research on the drivers of Japan’s inevitable energy transition.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":65947485,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/45436959/Japan_s_Energy_Transition_10_Years_after_the_Fukushima_Nuclear_Accident_Special_Issue_Introduction"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":65947485,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/45436959/Japan_s_Energy_Transition_10_Years_after_the_Fukushima_Nuclear_Accident_Special_Issue_Introduction"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="65947485" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/45436959/Japan_s_Energy_Transition_10_Years_after_the_Fukushima_Nuclear_Accident_Special_Issue_Introduction" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="27779220" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27779220/Japan_s_civil_society_and_its_fight_against_nuclear_energy_Series_Sustainability_and_Democracy_in_SGI_News_Sustainable_Governance_Indicators_2014_in_English_">Japan’s civil society and its fight against nuclear energy (Series: Sustainability & Democracy)”, in: SGI News (Sustainable Governance Indicators), (2014, in English)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29785630" href="https://teikyo-u.academia.edu/SusanneBrucksch">Susanne Brucksch</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Japan’s civil society and its fight against nuclear energy (Series: Sustainability \u0026 Democracy)”, in: SGI News (Sustainable Governance Indicators), (2014, in English)","attachmentId":48060162,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27779220/Japan_s_civil_society_and_its_fight_against_nuclear_energy_Series_Sustainability_and_Democracy_in_SGI_News_Sustainable_Governance_Indicators_2014_in_English_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27779220/Japan_s_civil_society_and_its_fight_against_nuclear_energy_Series_Sustainability_and_Democracy_in_SGI_News_Sustainable_Governance_Indicators_2014_in_English_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="27365740" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27365740/Low_Carbon_Communities_Energy_Policy_and_Energy_Democracy_in_Japan">Low Carbon Communities, Energy Policy and Energy Democracy in Japan</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3345097" href="https://rub.academia.edu/ThomasFeldhoff">Thomas Feldhoff</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">In: Federico Caprotti and Li Yu (eds): Sustainable Cities in Asia. London; New York: Routledge, Chapter 19. ISBN 9781138187481 (Paperback) bzw. 9781138182110 (Hardback)., 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In the aftermath of the 11 March 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, Japan is facing the endeavour to shape a new energy policy path. Top-down central state policies for low carbon communities of the “nuclear age” are now challenged by bottom-up local community and citizen initiatives looking for a non-nuclear future, new governance arrangements and a recalibration of traditional state-society-relations. A national mechanism for coordination and conflict management that brings together the top-down and bottom-up approaches, based on a consistent long-term energy policy framework and support for local approaches to a more decentralized energy supply structure, is a key policy desideratum. Moreover, a fundamental reform of central-local government relationships in the fiscal and financial policy fields would be a prerequisite to successfully strengthening local democracy. While the credibility and legitimacy of institutional standard practices to cope with the energy transition challenge is rapidly eroding, however, the resistance of vested interests in Japan’s political economy still is a major barrier to substantial policy change. Most importantly, current government policies suggest the assumption that, despite the disaster experience, nuclear power will remain part of Japan’s energy mix for the time being in order to realize a low carbon society.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Low Carbon Communities, Energy Policy and Energy Democracy in Japan","attachmentId":54866070,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27365740/Low_Carbon_Communities_Energy_Policy_and_Energy_Democracy_in_Japan","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27365740/Low_Carbon_Communities_Energy_Policy_and_Energy_Democracy_in_Japan"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="49512694" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49512694/Adherence_to_the_Past_or_Hope_for_the_Future_The_historical_development_of_Japans_energy_politics_and_its_implications_for_future_nuclear_policy">Adherence to the Past or Hope for the Future?: The historical development of Japan's energy politics and its implications for future nuclear policy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8878853" href="https://ceu.academia.edu/MasahiroSuzuki">Masahiro Suzuki</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Japan’s nuclear policy gained the attention of both domestic and international scholars after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011. Three years later, in April 2014, the LDP, the political party in power, released the latest energy policy aiming to re-start nuclear power plants despite the increasing opposition against it among other political parties, media, and the public. Many scholars discuss the necessity of nuclear power in Japan from economic and environmental perspectives of energy. They also identify that the interlocking relationship between bureaucracy and business in nuclear power is the reason behind Japan’s adherence to it. However, there is insufficient understanding of Japan’s specific drivers of energy policy and of the historic emergence and progression of this relationship that promoted its nuclear dependence. Therefore, this thesis seeks to understand why Japan still adheres to nuclear power even after Fukushima. By developing and applying a framework to conduct a historical analysis, this thesis offers insight into how the nation’s energy politics developed in the last nine decades. This research identified that the interlocking relationship that has promoted nuclear power has its origin in the era of WWII and was strengthened by politicizing energy security threats over time. The ideology of energy independence also contributed to the increasing reliance on nuclear power. There is a change in Japan’s energy politics observed after Fukushima and an increasing number of the public began to participate in the nation’s energy debates, which shows a potential future paradigm shift in the nation’s energy policy.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Adherence to the Past or Hope for the Future?: The historical development of Japan's energy politics and its implications for future nuclear policy","attachmentId":67848117,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49512694/Adherence_to_the_Past_or_Hope_for_the_Future_The_historical_development_of_Japans_energy_politics_and_its_implications_for_future_nuclear_policy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49512694/Adherence_to_the_Past_or_Hope_for_the_Future_The_historical_development_of_Japans_energy_politics_and_its_implications_for_future_nuclear_policy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="89925998" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89925998/Energy_Transition_in_Japan_From_Consensus_to_Controversy">Energy Transition in Japan: From Consensus to Controversy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9103867" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IrisWieczorek">Iris Wieczorek</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Since the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, energy policy in Japan and Germany appears to have taken radically different directions. In contrast to Germany’s consensus for an Energiewende (“energy transition”), Japan has renewed its political support for nuclear power. Yet, energy transitions in both countries are highly contested – with a much less predictable future than government plans would like us to believe.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Energy Transition in Japan: From Consensus to Controversy","attachmentId":93631196,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89925998/Energy_Transition_in_Japan_From_Consensus_to_Controversy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89925998/Energy_Transition_in_Japan_From_Consensus_to_Controversy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="6558437" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6558437/New_Challenges_After_Fukushima_Nuclear_Energy_Critical_Junctures_and_Regional_Development_Policies_in_Japan_In_Electronic_Journal_for_Contemporary_Japanese_Studies_Vol_13_Issue_1_Article_6_in_2013_">New Challenges After Fukushima: Nuclear Energy, Critical Junctures and Regional Development Policies in Japan.In: Electronic Journal for Contemporary Japanese Studies, Vol. 13, Issue 1 (Article 6 in 2013). </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3345097" href="https://rub.academia.edu/ThomasFeldhoff">Thomas Feldhoff</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"New Challenges After Fukushima: Nuclear Energy, Critical Junctures and Regional Development Policies in Japan.In: Electronic Journal for Contemporary Japanese Studies, Vol. 13, Issue 1 (Article 6 in 2013). ","attachmentId":34030344,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6558437/New_Challenges_After_Fukushima_Nuclear_Energy_Critical_Junctures_and_Regional_Development_Policies_in_Japan_In_Electronic_Journal_for_Contemporary_Japanese_Studies_Vol_13_Issue_1_Article_6_in_2013_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6558437/New_Challenges_After_Fukushima_Nuclear_Energy_Critical_Junctures_and_Regional_Development_Policies_in_Japan_In_Electronic_Journal_for_Contemporary_Japanese_Studies_Vol_13_Issue_1_Article_6_in_2013_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="37164796" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37164796/An_institutional_analysis_of_the_Japanese_energy_transition">An institutional analysis of the Japanese energy transition</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4825138" href="https://royalroads.academia.edu/JeffKucharski">Jeffrey B . Kucharski</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">While most studies of Japan’s energy sector have focused analysis on why Japan’s energy sector has managed to resist change, the aim of this study is to show how Japan’s energy institutions have been and continue to evolve, especially in the post-Fukushima period. Rather than adhering to single model of institutional analysis, the approach in this study is broader and more systematic, integrating various economic, political and sociological perspectives on institutions in order to gain insights into Japan’s energy transition. In so doing, this study provides new evidence on the impact of policy reforms on energy sector structure and performance and demonstrates that significant structural and institutional changes are underway in Japan's energy transition.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An institutional analysis of the Japanese energy transition","attachmentId":57238776,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37164796/An_institutional_analysis_of_the_Japanese_energy_transition","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37164796/An_institutional_analysis_of_the_Japanese_energy_transition"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="40233565" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40233565/Empowered_Evaluating_Japan_s_national_energy_strategy_under_the_DPJ_administration">Empowered? Evaluating Japan’s national energy strategy under the DPJ administration</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2574925" href="https://bu.academia.edu/BenjaminSovacool">Benjamin Sovacool</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In August 2009, after 54 years of virtually unbroken rule, Japan’s Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) was ousted from power by the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ). The DPJ’s campaign platform included a pledge to facilitate extreme reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Yet, at the COP16 meeting in Cancun, Japan announced that it would not accept further emission reduction targets without broader commitment from all nations. This paper seeks to explain this dichotomy by employing a targeted stakeholder evaluation based on surveys with 321 Japanese citizens to assess the extent to which influential stakeholder groups in Japan supports a potentially costly transition to a low-carbon energy infrastructure amidst severe economic challenges that the nation faces. Findings help explain Japan’s adversarial role in COP16 negotiations in Cancun, despite the stated GHG reduction ambitions of Japan’s current ruling party. The analysis concludes that if the DPJ does embrace aggressive CO2 reduction targets in the future, the strategic focus will likely mirror the former ruling party’s energy policy of bolstering nuclear power generation capacity and promoting energy efficiency improvements while exhibiting lukewarm commitment to supporting capacity development in alternative sources of energy supply such as solar panels and wind turbines.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Empowered? Evaluating Japan’s national energy strategy under the DPJ administration","attachmentId":60464421,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40233565/Empowered_Evaluating_Japan_s_national_energy_strategy_under_the_DPJ_administration","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40233565/Empowered_Evaluating_Japan_s_national_energy_strategy_under_the_DPJ_administration"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="42468361" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42468361/The_Developmental_State_and_Public_Participation_The_Case_of_Energy_Policy_making_in_Post_Fukushima_Japan">The Developmental State and Public Participation: The Case of Energy Policy-making in Post-Fukushima Japan</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="64870713" href="https://u-tokyo.academia.edu/HiroSaito">Hiro Saito</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Science, Technology, & Human Values, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, the Japanese government tried to democratize energy policy-making by introducing public participation. Over the course of its implementation, however, public participation came to be subordinated to expert committees as the primary mechanism of policy rationalization. The expert committees not only neutralized the results of public participation but also discounted the necessity of public participation itself. This trajectory of public participation, from its historic introduction to eventual collapse, can be fully explained only in reference to complex interactions between the macroinstitutions and microsituations of Japanese policy-making at the time of the nuclear disaster: the macro-institutional reassembling of the developmental state to reallocate more power from the bureaucracy to the cabinet office and the civil society vis-à</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Developmental State and Public Participation: The Case of Energy Policy-making in Post-Fukushima Japan","attachmentId":62642347,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42468361/The_Developmental_State_and_Public_Participation_The_Case_of_Energy_Policy_making_in_Post_Fukushima_Japan","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/42468361/The_Developmental_State_and_Public_Participation_The_Case_of_Energy_Policy_making_in_Post_Fukushima_Japan"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="3648093" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3648093/Policy_Images_Issue_Frames_and_Technical_Realities_Contrasting_Views_of_Japans_Energy_Policy_Development">Policy Images, Issue Frames, and Technical Realities: Contrasting Views of Japan's Energy Policy Development</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="270520" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PaulJScalise">Paul J. Scalise</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Social Science Japan Journal, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Policy Images, Issue Frames, and Technical Realities: Contrasting Views of Japan's Energy Policy Development","attachmentId":31341887,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3648093/Policy_Images_Issue_Frames_and_Technical_Realities_Contrasting_Views_of_Japans_Energy_Policy_Development","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3648093/Policy_Images_Issue_Frames_and_Technical_Realities_Contrasting_Views_of_Japans_Energy_Policy_Development"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="108587887" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/108587887/Nuclear_denial_in_Japan_the_network_power_of_an_energy_industrial_complex">Nuclear denial in Japan: the network power of an energy industrial complex</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35293806" href="https://uoregon.academia.edu/MichaelDreiling">Michael Dreiling</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Theory and Society, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Given the known hazards of nuclear energy in seismically active Japan after the Fukushima meltdowns as well as the presence of viable conservation and renewable energy options, the question of Japan's stalled energy transition warrants critical interrogation. To better understand why, after Fukushima, Japan's energy policy trajectory maintained the nuclear status quo and an increased reliance on fossil fuels, this article employs network and historical analyses to examine the confluence of post-Fukushima political forces connected to Japan's nuclear energy sector. Our novel network dataset combines with historical analysis to identify a dense network of overlapping executives and officials in Japan that forge long-term ties between the nuclear energy industry, the state, and the leading business federation in Japan. Following the 3.11 disaster and the meltdowns at the Fukushima-Daiichi facility, a long-standing nuclear safety myth and a tightly networked nuclear energy industrial complex provided an ideological and structural context to re-legitimize nuclear energy in spite of widespread public concern. Instead of a bold, ecologically rational policy to quickly phase out nuclear power and phase in renewable energy, wellworn class and state networks aligned to recommit Japan to a nuclear-reliant energy path. These findings support a theoretical synthesis around our concept of an energy industrial complex with applications in environmental and political sociology.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Nuclear denial in Japan: the network power of an energy industrial complex","attachmentId":106930308,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108587887/Nuclear_denial_in_Japan_the_network_power_of_an_energy_industrial_complex","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/108587887/Nuclear_denial_in_Japan_the_network_power_of_an_energy_industrial_complex"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":65947485,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":65947485,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_65947485" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="7449994" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7449994/Japan_s_Energy_Future_Challenges_and_Opportunities_in_a_Changing_Geopolitical_Environment_In_Geopolitics_History_and_International_Relations_Vol_3_No_2_S_34_47">Japan’s Energy Future: Challenges and Opportunities in a Changing Geopolitical Environment.In: Geopolitics, History, and International Relations, Vol. 3, No. 2, S. 34-47</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3345097" href="https://rub.academia.edu/ThomasFeldhoff">Thomas Feldhoff</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Japan’s Energy Future: Challenges and Opportunities in a Changing Geopolitical Environment.In: Geopolitics, History, and International Relations, Vol. 3, No. 2, S. 34-47","attachmentId":34030203,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7449994/Japan_s_Energy_Future_Challenges_and_Opportunities_in_a_Changing_Geopolitical_Environment_In_Geopolitics_History_and_International_Relations_Vol_3_No_2_S_34_47","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7449994/Japan_s_Energy_Future_Challenges_and_Opportunities_in_a_Changing_Geopolitical_Environment_In_Geopolitics_History_and_International_Relations_Vol_3_No_2_S_34_47"><span 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data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Title: Power Fluctuations: How Japan's Nuclear Infrastructure Priorities Influence Electric Utilities' Clout","attachmentId":57491873,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37518779/Title_Power_Fluctuations_How_Japans_Nuclear_Infrastructure_Priorities_Influence_Electric_Utilities_Clout","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37518779/Title_Power_Fluctuations_How_Japans_Nuclear_Infrastructure_Priorities_Influence_Electric_Utilities_Clout"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="1686871" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1686871/Rethinking_National_Energy_Policy_Japans_Looming_Electricity_Crisis_Nuclear_Power_and_the_Fate_of_TEPCO_in_2011_2012">Rethinking National Energy Policy: Japan's Looming Electricity Crisis, Nuclear Power, and the Fate of TEPCO in 2011-2012</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="270520" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PaulJScalise">Paul J. 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