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Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="العراق العثماني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="العراق العثماني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irak_otomano" title="Irak otomano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Irak otomano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irak_sous_l%27Empire_ottoman" title="Irak sous l'Empire ottoman – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Irak sous l'Empire ottoman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%8C%EB%A0%B9_%EC%9D%B4%EB%9D%BC%ED%81%AC" title="오스만령 이라크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오스만령 이라크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_ottomano" title="Iraq ottomano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Iraq ottomano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraque_otomano" title="Iraque otomano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Iraque otomano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Османский Ирак – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Османский Ирак" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="عێراقی عوسمانی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="عێراقی عوسمانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_Irak%27%C4%B1" title="Osmanlı Irak'ı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Osmanlı Irak'ı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Османський Ірак – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Османський Ірак" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="عثمانی عراق – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عثمانی عراق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2617267#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info"><p><b>This is an <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">old revision</a> of this page, as edited by <span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/wiki/User:Marcocapelle" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Marcocapelle" data-mw-revid="767387353"><bdi>Marcocapelle</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Marcocapelle" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Marcocapelle">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Marcocapelle" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Marcocapelle">contribs</a>)</span></span> at <span id="mw-revision-date">16:29, 25 February 2017</span><span id="mw-revision-summary"> <span class="comment">(more eyalets)</span></span>. The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this revision, which may differ significantly from the <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Iraq">current revision</a></span>.</b></p><div id="revision-info-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 16:29, 25 February 2017 by <a href="/wiki/User:Marcocapelle" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Marcocapelle" data-mw-revid="767387353"><bdi>Marcocapelle</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Marcocapelle" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Marcocapelle">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Marcocapelle" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Marcocapelle">contribs</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(more eyalets)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Iraq&diff=prev&oldid=767387353" title="Ottoman Iraq">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Iraq&direction=prev&oldid=767387353" title="Ottoman Iraq">← Previous revision</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Iraq" title="Ottoman Iraq">Latest revision</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Iraq&diff=cur&oldid=767387353" title="Ottoman Iraq">diff</a>) | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Iraq&direction=next&oldid=767387353" title="Ottoman Iraq">Newer revision →</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Iraq&diff=next&oldid=767387353" title="Ottoman Iraq">diff</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Ottoman Iraq</b> refers to the period of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Iraq" title="History of Iraq">history of Iraq</a> when the region was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> (1534–1704 and 1831–1920). </p><p>Before reforms (1534–1704), Iraq was divided into four <a href="/wiki/Eyalets" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalets">eyalets</a> (provinces): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Eyalet" title="Baghdad Eyalet">Baghdad Eyalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrizor_Eyalet" title="Shahrizor Eyalet">Shahrizor Eyalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basra_Eyalet" title="Basra Eyalet">Basra Eyalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosul_Eyalet" title="Mosul Eyalet">Mosul Eyalet</a></li></ul> <p>Ottoman Iraq was later (1831–1920) divided into the three <a href="/wiki/Vilayets" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilayets">vilayets</a> (provinces): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mosul_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosul Vilayet">Mosul Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Vilayet">Baghdad Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basra_Vilayet_(Ottoman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basra Vilayet (Ottoman Empire)">Basra Vilayet</a></li></ul> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, an invasion of the region was undertaken by <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> forces and was known as the <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_campaign" title="Mesopotamian campaign">Mesopotamian campaign</a>. Fighting commenced with the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basra_(1914)" title="Battle of Basra (1914)">Battle of Basra</a> in 1914 and continued for the duration of the war. The most notable action was the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kut" title="Siege of Kut">Siege of Kut</a>, which resulted in the surrender of the British and <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a> garrison of the town in April 1916, after a siege of 147 days. Of the 11,800 Allied soldiers who survived to be made prisoners, 4,250 died of disease or at the hands of their Ottoman guards during captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_Maps,_showing_Eyalets_(pre_Tanzimat_reforms)"><span id="Contemporary_Maps.2C_showing_Eyalets_.28pre_Tanzimat_reforms.29"></span>Contemporary Maps, showing Eyalets (pre Tanzimat reforms)</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="title"><div>Maps of Contemporary Ottoman Iraq showing Eyalets (pre 1864 Vilayet Law)</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ottoman_Empire_1696_by_Jaillot.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1696 (Jaillot), showing Eyalets"><img alt="1696 (Jaillot), showing Eyalets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ottoman_Empire_1696_by_Jaillot.jpg/180px-Ottoman_Empire_1696_by_Jaillot.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ottoman_Empire_1696_by_Jaillot.jpg/270px-Ottoman_Empire_1696_by_Jaillot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ottoman_Empire_1696_by_Jaillot.jpg/360px-Ottoman_Empire_1696_by_Jaillot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2399" data-file-height="2055" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1696 (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_Hubert_Jaillot" class="extiw" title="de:Alexis Hubert Jaillot">Jaillot</a>), showing Eyalets</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1730_Ottens_Map_of_Persia_(Iran,_Iraq,_Turkey)_-_Geographicus_-_RegnumPersicum-ottens-1730.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1730 (Ottens)"><img alt="1730 (Ottens)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/1730_Ottens_Map_of_Persia_%28Iran%2C_Iraq%2C_Turkey%29_-_Geographicus_-_RegnumPersicum-ottens-1730.jpg/180px-1730_Ottens_Map_of_Persia_%28Iran%2C_Iraq%2C_Turkey%29_-_Geographicus_-_RegnumPersicum-ottens-1730.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/1730_Ottens_Map_of_Persia_%28Iran%2C_Iraq%2C_Turkey%29_-_Geographicus_-_RegnumPersicum-ottens-1730.jpg/270px-1730_Ottens_Map_of_Persia_%28Iran%2C_Iraq%2C_Turkey%29_-_Geographicus_-_RegnumPersicum-ottens-1730.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/1730_Ottens_Map_of_Persia_%28Iran%2C_Iraq%2C_Turkey%29_-_Geographicus_-_RegnumPersicum-ottens-1730.jpg/360px-1730_Ottens_Map_of_Persia_%28Iran%2C_Iraq%2C_Turkey%29_-_Geographicus_-_RegnumPersicum-ottens-1730.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="2845" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1730 (<a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Ottens" class="extiw" title="hr:Joshua Ottens">Ottens</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1730_Seutter_Map_of_Turkey_(Ottoman_Empire),_Persia_and_Arabia_-_Geographicus_-_MagniTurcarum-seutter-1740.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1740 (Seutter), showing Eyalets"><img alt="1740 (Seutter), showing Eyalets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1730_Seutter_Map_of_Turkey_%28Ottoman_Empire%29%2C_Persia_and_Arabia_-_Geographicus_-_MagniTurcarum-seutter-1740.jpg/180px-1730_Seutter_Map_of_Turkey_%28Ottoman_Empire%29%2C_Persia_and_Arabia_-_Geographicus_-_MagniTurcarum-seutter-1740.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1730_Seutter_Map_of_Turkey_%28Ottoman_Empire%29%2C_Persia_and_Arabia_-_Geographicus_-_MagniTurcarum-seutter-1740.jpg/270px-1730_Seutter_Map_of_Turkey_%28Ottoman_Empire%29%2C_Persia_and_Arabia_-_Geographicus_-_MagniTurcarum-seutter-1740.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1730_Seutter_Map_of_Turkey_%28Ottoman_Empire%29%2C_Persia_and_Arabia_-_Geographicus_-_MagniTurcarum-seutter-1740.jpg/360px-1730_Seutter_Map_of_Turkey_%28Ottoman_Empire%29%2C_Persia_and_Arabia_-_Geographicus_-_MagniTurcarum-seutter-1740.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="4339" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1740 (<a href="/wiki/Matth%C3%A4us_Seutter" title="Matthäus Seutter">Seutter</a>), showing Eyalets</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1771_Bonne_Map_of_Turkey,_Syria_and_Iraq_-_Geographicus_-_Turkey-bone-1771.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1771 (Bonne)"><img alt="1771 (Bonne)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/1771_Bonne_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Syria_and_Iraq_-_Geographicus_-_Turkey-bone-1771.jpg/180px-1771_Bonne_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Syria_and_Iraq_-_Geographicus_-_Turkey-bone-1771.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/1771_Bonne_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Syria_and_Iraq_-_Geographicus_-_Turkey-bone-1771.jpg/270px-1771_Bonne_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Syria_and_Iraq_-_Geographicus_-_Turkey-bone-1771.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/1771_Bonne_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Syria_and_Iraq_-_Geographicus_-_Turkey-bone-1771.jpg/360px-1771_Bonne_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Syria_and_Iraq_-_Geographicus_-_Turkey-bone-1771.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2432" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1771 (<a href="/wiki/Rigobert_Bonne" title="Rigobert Bonne">Bonne</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anville,_Jean_Baptiste_Bourguignon._Turkey_in_Asia._1794_(A).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1794 (d'Anville)"><img alt="1794 (d'Anville)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Anville%2C_Jean_Baptiste_Bourguignon._Turkey_in_Asia._1794_%28A%29.jpg/180px-Anville%2C_Jean_Baptiste_Bourguignon._Turkey_in_Asia._1794_%28A%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Anville%2C_Jean_Baptiste_Bourguignon._Turkey_in_Asia._1794_%28A%29.jpg/270px-Anville%2C_Jean_Baptiste_Bourguignon._Turkey_in_Asia._1794_%28A%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Anville%2C_Jean_Baptiste_Bourguignon._Turkey_in_Asia._1794_%28A%29.jpg/360px-Anville%2C_Jean_Baptiste_Bourguignon._Turkey_in_Asia._1794_%28A%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4359" data-file-height="3211" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1794 (<a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Bourguignon_d%27Anville" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville">d'Anville</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1801_Cary_Map_of_Turkey,_Iraq,_Armenia_and_Sryia_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-cary-1801.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1801 (Cary)"><img alt="1801 (Cary)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/1801_Cary_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Iraq%2C_Armenia_and_Sryia_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-cary-1801.jpg/180px-1801_Cary_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Iraq%2C_Armenia_and_Sryia_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-cary-1801.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/1801_Cary_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Iraq%2C_Armenia_and_Sryia_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-cary-1801.jpg/270px-1801_Cary_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Iraq%2C_Armenia_and_Sryia_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-cary-1801.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/1801_Cary_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Iraq%2C_Armenia_and_Sryia_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-cary-1801.jpg/360px-1801_Cary_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Iraq%2C_Armenia_and_Sryia_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-cary-1801.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3564" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1801 (<a href="/wiki/John_Cary" title="John Cary">Cary</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cedid_Atlas_(Middle_East)_1803.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1803, from Cedid Atlas"><img alt="1803, from Cedid Atlas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Cedid_Atlas_%28Middle_East%29_1803.jpg/180px-Cedid_Atlas_%28Middle_East%29_1803.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Cedid_Atlas_%28Middle_East%29_1803.jpg/270px-Cedid_Atlas_%28Middle_East%29_1803.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Cedid_Atlas_%28Middle_East%29_1803.jpg/360px-Cedid_Atlas_%28Middle_East%29_1803.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10840" data-file-height="8199" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1803, from <a href="/wiki/Cedid_Atlas" title="Cedid Atlas">Cedid Atlas</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinkerton,_John._Turkey_in_Asia._1813.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1813 (Pinkerton), showing Eyalets"><img alt="1813 (Pinkerton), showing Eyalets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Pinkerton%2C_John._Turkey_in_Asia._1813.jpg/180px-Pinkerton%2C_John._Turkey_in_Asia._1813.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Pinkerton%2C_John._Turkey_in_Asia._1813.jpg/270px-Pinkerton%2C_John._Turkey_in_Asia._1813.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Pinkerton%2C_John._Turkey_in_Asia._1813.jpg/360px-Pinkerton%2C_John._Turkey_in_Asia._1813.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6149" data-file-height="3697" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1813 (<a href="/wiki/John_Pinkerton" title="John Pinkerton">Pinkerton</a>), showing Eyalets</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1827_Finley_Map_of_Turkey_in_Asia,_Iraq_and_Israel_-_Palestine_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-finely-1827.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1827 (Finley)"><img alt="1827 (Finley)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/1827_Finley_Map_of_Turkey_in_Asia%2C_Iraq_and_Israel_-_Palestine_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-finely-1827.jpg/180px-1827_Finley_Map_of_Turkey_in_Asia%2C_Iraq_and_Israel_-_Palestine_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-finely-1827.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/1827_Finley_Map_of_Turkey_in_Asia%2C_Iraq_and_Israel_-_Palestine_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-finely-1827.jpg/270px-1827_Finley_Map_of_Turkey_in_Asia%2C_Iraq_and_Israel_-_Palestine_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-finely-1827.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/1827_Finley_Map_of_Turkey_in_Asia%2C_Iraq_and_Israel_-_Palestine_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-finely-1827.jpg/360px-1827_Finley_Map_of_Turkey_in_Asia%2C_Iraq_and_Israel_-_Palestine_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-finely-1827.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2353" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1827 (Finley)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1835_Bradford_Map_of_Turkey_in_Asia_and_the_Caucases_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-bradford-1835.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1835, showing Eyalets (Bradford)"><img alt="1835, showing Eyalets (Bradford)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/1835_Bradford_Map_of_Turkey_in_Asia_and_the_Caucases_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-bradford-1835.jpg/180px-1835_Bradford_Map_of_Turkey_in_Asia_and_the_Caucases_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-bradford-1835.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/1835_Bradford_Map_of_Turkey_in_Asia_and_the_Caucases_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-bradford-1835.jpg/270px-1835_Bradford_Map_of_Turkey_in_Asia_and_the_Caucases_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-bradford-1835.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/1835_Bradford_Map_of_Turkey_in_Asia_and_the_Caucases_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-bradford-1835.jpg/360px-1835_Bradford_Map_of_Turkey_in_Asia_and_the_Caucases_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-bradford-1835.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2359" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1835, showing Eyalets (Bradford)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1849_Mitchell_Map_of_Turkey_(_Iraq,_Syria,_Palestine_)_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-m-1849.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1849 (Mitchell), showing Eyalets"><img alt="1849 (Mitchell), showing Eyalets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/1849_Mitchell_Map_of_Turkey_%28_Iraq%2C_Syria%2C_Palestine_%29_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-m-1849.jpg/180px-1849_Mitchell_Map_of_Turkey_%28_Iraq%2C_Syria%2C_Palestine_%29_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-m-1849.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/1849_Mitchell_Map_of_Turkey_%28_Iraq%2C_Syria%2C_Palestine_%29_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-m-1849.jpg/270px-1849_Mitchell_Map_of_Turkey_%28_Iraq%2C_Syria%2C_Palestine_%29_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-m-1849.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/1849_Mitchell_Map_of_Turkey_%28_Iraq%2C_Syria%2C_Palestine_%29_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-m-1849.jpg/360px-1849_Mitchell_Map_of_Turkey_%28_Iraq%2C_Syria%2C_Palestine_%29_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyAsia-m-1849.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3276" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1849 (<a href="/wiki/Samuel_Augustus_Mitchell" title="Samuel Augustus Mitchell">Mitchell</a>), showing Eyalets</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_Maps,_showing_Vilayets_(post_Tanzimat_reforms)"><span id="Contemporary_Maps.2C_showing_Vilayets_.28post_Tanzimat_reforms.29"></span>Contemporary Maps, showing Vilayets (post Tanzimat reforms)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="title"><div>Maps of Contemporary Ottoman Iraq showing Vilayets (post Tanzimat reforms)</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1855_Colton_Map_of_Turkey,_Iraq,_and_Syria_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyIraq-colton-1855.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1855, showing sanjaks"><img alt="1855, showing sanjaks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/1855_Colton_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Syria_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyIraq-colton-1855.jpg/180px-1855_Colton_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Syria_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyIraq-colton-1855.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/1855_Colton_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Syria_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyIraq-colton-1855.jpg/270px-1855_Colton_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Syria_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyIraq-colton-1855.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/1855_Colton_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Syria_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyIraq-colton-1855.jpg/360px-1855_Colton_Map_of_Turkey%2C_Iraq%2C_and_Syria_-_Geographicus_-_TurkeyIraq-colton-1855.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3034" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1855, showing sanjaks</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1873_Stieler_Map_of_Asia_Minor,_Syria_and_Israel_-_Palestine_(modern_Turkey)_-_Geographicus_-_Klein-AsienSyrien-stieler-1873.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1873"><img alt="1873" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/1873_Stieler_Map_of_Asia_Minor%2C_Syria_and_Israel_-_Palestine_%28modern_Turkey%29_-_Geographicus_-_Klein-AsienSyrien-stieler-1873.jpg/180px-1873_Stieler_Map_of_Asia_Minor%2C_Syria_and_Israel_-_Palestine_%28modern_Turkey%29_-_Geographicus_-_Klein-AsienSyrien-stieler-1873.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/1873_Stieler_Map_of_Asia_Minor%2C_Syria_and_Israel_-_Palestine_%28modern_Turkey%29_-_Geographicus_-_Klein-AsienSyrien-stieler-1873.jpg/270px-1873_Stieler_Map_of_Asia_Minor%2C_Syria_and_Israel_-_Palestine_%28modern_Turkey%29_-_Geographicus_-_Klein-AsienSyrien-stieler-1873.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/1873_Stieler_Map_of_Asia_Minor%2C_Syria_and_Israel_-_Palestine_%28modern_Turkey%29_-_Geographicus_-_Klein-AsienSyrien-stieler-1873.jpg/360px-1873_Stieler_Map_of_Asia_Minor%2C_Syria_and_Israel_-_Palestine_%28modern_Turkey%29_-_Geographicus_-_Klein-AsienSyrien-stieler-1873.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3270" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1873</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ottoman_Asia_(partial,_1893).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1893"><img alt="1893" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ottoman_Asia_%28partial%2C_1893%29.jpg/180px-Ottoman_Asia_%28partial%2C_1893%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ottoman_Asia_%28partial%2C_1893%29.jpg/270px-Ottoman_Asia_%28partial%2C_1893%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ottoman_Asia_%28partial%2C_1893%29.jpg/360px-Ottoman_Asia_%28partial%2C_1893%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4424" data-file-height="3377" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1893</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ottoman_Middle_East_in_1900,_Edward_Stanford.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1900 (Stanford), showing Vilayets"><img alt="1900 (Stanford), showing Vilayets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ottoman_Middle_East_in_1900%2C_Edward_Stanford.jpg/180px-Ottoman_Middle_East_in_1900%2C_Edward_Stanford.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ottoman_Middle_East_in_1900%2C_Edward_Stanford.jpg/270px-Ottoman_Middle_East_in_1900%2C_Edward_Stanford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ottoman_Middle_East_in_1900%2C_Edward_Stanford.jpg/360px-Ottoman_Middle_East_in_1900%2C_Edward_Stanford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8412" data-file-height="6586" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1900 (<a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanford" title="Edward Stanford">Stanford</a>), showing Vilayets</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/firstworldwar/battles/mesopotamia.htm">The National Archives - Exhibitions - First World War - Battles - The Mesopotamia campaign</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk dynasty of Iraq">Mamluk dynasty of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ottoman_governors_of_Baghdad" title="List of Ottoman governors of Baghdad">List of Ottoman governors of Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Mandate_of_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Mandate of Mesopotamia">British Mandate of Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sykes-Picot_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Sykes-Picot Agreement">Sykes-Picot Agreement</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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