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<div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Riwayat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Riwayat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Riwayat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Riwayat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Desain </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sintaks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sintaks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Sintaks </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sintaks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Sintaks </button> <ul id="toc-Sintaks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gaya_pemrograman_prosedural" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaya_pemrograman_prosedural"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Gaya pemrograman prosedural </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaya_pemrograman_prosedural-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titik_masuk_utama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titik_masuk_utama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Titik masuk utama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titik_masuk_utama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fungsi_ekstensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fungsi_ekstensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Fungsi ekstensi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fungsi_ekstensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Argumen_Unpack_dengan_operator_spread" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argumen_Unpack_dengan_operator_spread"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Argumen Unpack dengan operator spread </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argumen_Unpack_dengan_operator_spread-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deklarasi_destructuring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deklarasi_destructuring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Deklarasi destructuring </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deklarasi_destructuring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fungsi_bersarang_(Nested)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fungsi_bersarang_(Nested)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Fungsi bersarang (Nested) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fungsi_bersarang_(Nested)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kelas_bersifat_final_secara_bawaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelas_bersifat_final_secara_bawaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Kelas bersifat final secara bawaan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kelas_bersifat_final_secara_bawaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kelas_abstrak_terbuka_secara_bawaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelas_abstrak_terbuka_secara_bawaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Kelas abstrak terbuka secara bawaan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kelas_abstrak_terbuka_secara_bawaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kelas_bersifat_publik_secara_bawaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelas_bersifat_publik_secara_bawaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Kelas bersifat publik secara bawaan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kelas_bersifat_publik_secara_bawaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konstruktor_utama_vs._konstruktor_sekunder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konstruktor_utama_vs._konstruktor_sekunder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 Konstruktor utama vs. konstruktor sekunder </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konstruktor_utama_vs._konstruktor_sekunder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kelas_tertutup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelas_tertutup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11 Kelas tertutup </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kelas_tertutup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kelas_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelas_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.12 Kelas data </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kelas_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shell_interaktif_Kotlin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shell_interaktif_Kotlin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.13 Shell interaktif Kotlin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shell_interaktif_Kotlin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kotlin_sebagai_bahasa_skrip" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kotlin_sebagai_bahasa_skrip"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.14 Kotlin sebagai bahasa skrip </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kotlin_sebagai_bahasa_skrip-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keamanan_kosong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keamanan_kosong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.15 Keamanan kosong </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keamanan_kosong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lambda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lambda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.16 Lambda </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lambda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contoh_kompleks_"hello_world"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contoh_kompleks_"hello_world""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.17 Contoh kompleks "hello world" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contoh_kompleks_"hello_world"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peralatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peralatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Peralatan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peralatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplikasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplikasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Aplikasi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aplikasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adopsi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adopsi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Adopsi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adopsi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Pranala luar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Rujukan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahan_bacaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahan_bacaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Bahan bacaan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahan_bacaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Gulingkan daftar isi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Kotlin (bahasa pemrograman)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 47 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" > 47 bahasa </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Kotlin" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86_(%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A9)" title="كوتلن (لغة برمجة) – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوتلن (لغة برمجة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(proqramla%C5%9Fd%C4%B1rma_dili)" title="Kotlin (proqramlaşdırma dili) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kotlin (proqramlaşdırma dili)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Kotlin" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Kotlin" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kotlin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%AA%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_(%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%95%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C)" title="کۆتلین (زمانی بەرنامەداڕێژی) – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆتلین (زمانی بەرنامەداڕێژی)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(programovac%C3%AD_jazyk)" title="Kotlin (programovací jazyk) – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kotlin (programovací jazyk)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kotlin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(Programmiersprache)" title="Kotlin (Programmiersprache) – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kotlin (Programmiersprache)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D)" title="Kotlin (γλώσσα προγραμματισμού) – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Kotlin (γλώσσα προγραμματισμού)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(programming_language)" title="Kotlin (programming language) – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kotlin (programming language)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(lenguaje_de_programaci%C3%B3n)" title="Kotlin (lenguaje de programación) – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kotlin (lenguaje de programación)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(programmeerimiskeel)" title="Kotlin (programmeerimiskeel) – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kotlin (programmeerimiskeel)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(programazio-lengoaia)" title="Kotlin (programazio-lengoaia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kotlin (programazio-lengoaia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کاتلین – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاتلین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(ohjelmointikieli)" title="Kotlin (ohjelmointikieli) – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kotlin (ohjelmointikieli)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(langage)" title="Kotlin (langage) – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kotlin (langage)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Kotlin" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(programoz%C3%A1si_nyelv)" title="Kotlin (programozási nyelv) – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kotlin (programozási nyelv)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Kotlin" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(programifo-linguo)" title="Kotlin (programifo-linguo) – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kotlin (programifo-linguo)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(forritunarm%C3%A1l)" title="Kotlin (forritunarmál) – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kotlin (forritunarmál)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(linguaggio_di_programmazione)" title="Kotlin (linguaggio di programmazione) – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kotlin (linguaggio di programmazione)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Kotlin" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(programmalast%C4%B1r%C4%B1w_tili)" title="Kotlin (programmalastırıw tili) – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kotlin (programmalastırıw tili)" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%ED%8B%80%EB%A6%B0_(%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%98%EB%B0%8D_%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4)" title="코틀린 (프로그래밍 언어) – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코틀린 (프로그래밍 언어)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(programm%C4%93%C5%A1anas_valoda)" title="Kotlin (programmēšanas valoda) – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kotlin (programmēšanas valoda)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_(%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7)" title="കോട്‌ലിൻ (പ്രോഗ്രാമിങ് ഭാഷ) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോട്‌ലിൻ (പ്രോഗ്രാമിങ് ഭാഷ)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kotlin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကော့တ်လင်း – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကော့တ်လင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(programmeertaal)" title="Kotlin (programmeertaal) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kotlin (programmeertaal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(j%C4%99zyk_programowania)" title="Kotlin (język programowania) – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kotlin (język programowania)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kotlin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Kotlin" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(programming_language)" title="Kotlin (programming language) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kotlin (programming language)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programski_jezik_Kotlin" title="Programski jezik Kotlin – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Programski jezik Kotlin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(programspr%C3%A5k)" title="Kotlin (programspråk) – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kotlin (programspråk)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Kotlin" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาคอตลิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาคอตลิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kotlin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Kotlin" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kotlin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin_(ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_l%E1%BA%ADp_tr%C3%ACnh)" title="Kotlin (ngôn ngữ lập trình) – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kotlin (ngôn ngữ lập trình)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Kotlin" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Kotlin" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Kotlin" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3816639#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c">Halaman</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t">Pembicaraan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j">Pranala balik</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k">Perubahan terkait</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q">Halaman istimewa</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&oldid=26917126" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini">Pranala permanen</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini">Informasi halaman</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Kotlin_%28bahasa_pemrograman%29&id=26917126&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini">Kutip halaman ini</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKotlin_%28bahasa_pemrograman%29">Lihat URL pendek</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKotlin_%28bahasa_pemrograman%29">Unduh kode QR</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kotlin+%28bahasa+pemrograman%29">Buat buku</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kotlin_%28bahasa_pemrograman%29&action=show-download-screen">Unduh versi PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p">Versi cetak</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kotlin_(programming_language)" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3816639" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g">Butir di Wikidata</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output 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.ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid transparent;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-b{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="box-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);border-radius: 2px;; line-height:1.2"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="background-color:#def0ff;border-top:2px solid gray; border-bottom:2px solid gray;font-size:130%; line-height: normal">Kotlin</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><center><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Kotlin_logo_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Kotlin_logo_2021.svg/70px-Kotlin_logo_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Kotlin_logo_2021.svg/105px-Kotlin_logo_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Kotlin_logo_2021.svg/140px-Kotlin_logo_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="111" /></a></center></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: pre-line; width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Paradigma_pemrograman" title="Paradigma pemrograman">Paradigma</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paradigma_pemrograman" title="Paradigma pemrograman">Multi-paradigma</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pemrograman_berorientasi_objek" title="Pemrograman berorientasi objek">berorientasi objek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pemrograman_fungsional" title="Pemrograman fungsional">fungsional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pemrograman_imperatif" title="Pemrograman imperatif">imperatif</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Block_(programming)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Block (programming) (halaman belum tersedia)">terstruktur blok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pemrograman_deklaratif" title="Pemrograman deklaratif">deklaratif</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemrograman_umum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemrograman umum (halaman belum tersedia)">generik</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Refleksi_(pemrograman_komputer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refleksi (pemrograman komputer) (halaman belum tersedia)">reflektif</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komputasi_bersamaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komputasi bersamaan (halaman belum tersedia)">bersamaan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: pre-line; width:33%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desain_Perangkat_Lunak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desain Perangkat Lunak (halaman belum tersedia)">Dirancang oleh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=JetBrains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JetBrains (halaman belum tersedia)">JetBrains</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: pre-line; width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Progammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Progammer">Pengembang</a></th><td class="infobox-data organiser">JetBrains dan kontributor sistem terbuka</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: pre-line; width:33%">Rilis perdana</th><td class="infobox-data">22 Juli 2011; 13 tahun lalu (2011-07-22)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Daur_hidup_rilis_perangkat_lunak" title="Daur hidup rilis perangkat lunak">Rilis stabil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">2.1.10<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-e52a9ccf21c347a91d72f37ae4605108aa7c870e-v3-1">[1]</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816639?uselang=id#P348" title="Sunting di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> / 2 Februari 2023; 2 tahun lalu (2023-02-02)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: pre-line; width:33%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tipe_sistem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tipe sistem (halaman belum tersedia)">Tipe sistem</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengetikan_inferensi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengetikan inferensi (halaman belum tersedia)">Disimpulkan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenis_sistem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jenis sistem (halaman belum tersedia)">statis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengetikan_kuat_dan_lemah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengetikan kuat dan lemah (halaman belum tersedia)">kuat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: pre-line; width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Serambi_(komputer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serambi (komputer)">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_(sistem_operasi)" title="Android (sistem operasi)">Android</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Java_virtual_machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Java virtual machine (halaman belum tersedia)">JVM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotlinlang.org/docs/js-overview.html">Kotlin/JS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> (termasuk. dukungan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_silicon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apple silicon (halaman belum tersedia)">Apple silicon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=TvOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TvOS (halaman belum tersedia)">tvOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebAssembly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WebAssembly (halaman belum tersedia)">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LLVM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LLVM (halaman belum tersedia)">LLVM</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotlinlang.org/docs/native-overview.html">Kotlin/Native</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: pre-line; width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Sistem_operasi" title="Sistem operasi">Sistem operasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yang mendukung JVM atau interpreter JavaScript, <a href="/wiki/Lintas_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Lintas platform">Lintas platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: pre-line; width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Lisensi_perangkat_lunak" title="Lisensi perangkat lunak">Lisensi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lisensi_Apache#Lisensi_Apache_2.0" title="Lisensi Apache">Lisensi Apache 2.0</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: pre-line; width:33%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekstensi_nama_berkas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekstensi nama berkas (halaman belum tersedia)">Ekstensi nama berkas</a></th><td class="infobox-data">.kt, .kts, .kexe, .klib</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: pre-line; width:33%">Situs web</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotlinlang.org">kotlinlang.org</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: pre-line; width:33%">Repositori</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotlinlang.org/">kotlinlang.org</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#def0ff;font-size:100%; line-height: normal">Terpengaruh oleh</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(bahasa_pemrograman)" title="C Sharp (bahasa pemrograman)">C#</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eiffel_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eiffel (bahasa pemrograman) (halaman belum tersedia)">Eiffel</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gosu_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gosu (bahasa pemrograman) (halaman belum tersedia)">Gosu</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Groovy_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Groovy (bahasa pemrograman) (halaman belum tersedia)">Groovy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Java_(bahasa_pemrograman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Java (bahasa pemrograman)">Java</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML (bahasa pemrograman) (halaman belum tersedia)">ML</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Python_(bahasa_pemrograman)" title="Python (bahasa pemrograman)">Python</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Scala_(bahasa_pemrograman)" title="Scala (bahasa pemrograman)">Scala</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below hlist" style="font-weight:normal;font-size:80%;text-align:left;height:20px;padding-top:0.2em;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="Sunting kotak info" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=top&editintro=">Sunting kotak info</a> • <a href="/wiki/Templat:Infobox_programming_language" title="Templat:Infobox programming language">L</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Infobox_programming_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Infobox programming language (halaman belum tersedia)">B</a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Infobox_programming_language/doc" title="Bantuan penggunaan templat ini"><img alt="Info templat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Bantuan penggunaan templat ini</figcaption></figure></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"> Kotlin adalah sebuah bahasa pemrograman dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengetikan_statis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengetikan statis (halaman belum tersedia)">pengetikan statis</a> yang berjalan pada <a href="/wiki/Java_Virtual_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Java Virtual Machine">Mesin Virtual Java</a> ataupun menggunakan kompiler <a href="/w/index.php?title=LLVM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LLVM (halaman belum tersedia)">LLVM</a> yang dapat pula dikompilasikan kedalam bentuk <a href="/wiki/Kode_sumber" title="Kode sumber">kode sumber</a> JavaScript. Pengembang utamanya berasal dari tim programer dari JetBrains yang bermarkas di Rusia.<a href="#cite_note-oracle_interview-3">[3]</a> Meskipun sintaksisnya tidak kompatibel dengan bahasa <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, Kotlin didesain untuk dapat bekerja sama dengan kode bahasa Java dan bergantung kepada kode bahasa Java dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Java_Class_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Java Class Library (halaman belum tersedia)">Kelas Pustaka Java</a> yang ada, seperti berbagai framework Java yang ada. Tim Pengembang memutuskan menamakannya Kotlin dengan mengambil nama dari <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Kotlin" title="Pulau Kotlin">sebuah pulau di Rusia</a>, sebagaimana Java yang mengambil nama dari pulau Jawa di Indonesia.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Setelah Google mengumumkan bahwa Kotlin menjadi bahasa kelas satu bagi Android, maka bersama Java dan C++, Kotlin menjadi bahasa resmi untuk pengembangan aplikasi-aplikasi Android.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Riwayat">Riwayat</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Riwayat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Riwayat">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Kotlin_Mascot_2D_no._1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kotlin_Mascot_2D_no._1.svg/220px-Kotlin_Mascot_2D_no._1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kotlin_Mascot_2D_no._1.svg/330px-Kotlin_Mascot_2D_no._1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kotlin_Mascot_2D_no._1.svg/440px-Kotlin_Mascot_2D_no._1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Gambar 2D maskot Kotlin</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Kotlin_Mascot_3D_no._5.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Kotlin_Mascot_3D_no._5.png/220px-Kotlin_Mascot_3D_no._5.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Kotlin_Mascot_3D_no._5.png/330px-Kotlin_Mascot_3D_no._5.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Kotlin_Mascot_3D_no._5.png/440px-Kotlin_Mascot_3D_no._5.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Gambar 3D maskot Kotlin</figcaption></figure> Pada Juli 2011, <a href="/w/index.php?title=JetBrains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JetBrains (halaman belum tersedia)">JetBrains</a> meluncurkan Project Kotlin, bahasa baru untuk JVM, yang telah dikembangkan selama satu tahun.<a href="#cite_note-announce3-6">[6]</a> Pimpinan JetBrains Dmitry Jemerov mengatakan bahwa sebagian besar bahasa tidak memiliki fitur yang mereka cari, kecuali <a href="/wiki/Scala_(bahasa_pemrograman)" title="Scala (bahasa pemrograman)">Scala</a>. Namun, ia menyebut waktu <a href="/wiki/Kompilator" title="Kompilator">kompilasi</a> Scala yang lambat sebagai kekurangan.<a href="#cite_note-announce3-6">[6]</a> Salah satu tujuan yang dinyatakan dari Kotlin adalah untuk mengkompilasi secepat Java. Pada bulan Februari 2012, JetBrains membuat proyek open source di bawah <a href="/wiki/Lisensi_Apache" title="Lisensi Apache">lisensi Apache 2</a>.<a href="#cite_note-open_source3-7">[7]</a> Nama itu berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Kotlin" title="Pulau Kotlin">Pulau Kotlin</a>, dekat <a href="/wiki/Sankt-Peterburg" title="Sankt-Peterburg">St. Petersburg</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrey_Breslav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrey Breslav (halaman belum tersedia)">Andrey Breslav</a> menyebutkan bahwa tim memutuskan untuk menamainya setelah sebuah pulau, seperti halnya Java dinamai menurut pulau <a href="/wiki/Jawa" title="Jawa">Jawa</a> di Indonesia<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> (meskipun bahasa pemrograman Java diartikan dengan nama kopi daripada pulau).<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> JetBrains berharap bahasa baru ini akan mendorong penjualan <a href="/w/index.php?title=IntelliJ_IDEA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IntelliJ IDEA (halaman belum tersedia)">IntelliJ IDEA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Kotlin versi 1.0 dirilis pada 15 Februari 2016<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Versi ini secara resmi ditetapkan sebagai versi rilis stabil pertama dan JetBrains telah menetapkan dukungan versi sebelumnya untuk jangka panjangan dengan versi ini. Pada <a href="/wiki/Google_I/O" title="Google I/O">Google I/O</a> 2017, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> mengumumkan dukungan kelas pertama untuk Kotlin pada <a href="/wiki/Android_(sistem_operasi)" title="Android (sistem operasi)">Android</a>. Kotlin versi 1.2 dirilis pada 28 November 2017.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Fitur berbagi kode antara JVM dan platform Javascript baru ditambahkan pada versi rilis ini. Kotlin versi 1.3 dirilis pada 29 Oktober 2018, membawa coroutines pada pemrograman asynchronous. Pada 7 Mei 2019, Google mengumumkan bahwa bahasa pemrograman Kotlin sekarang menjadi bahasa pilihan untuk pengembang aplikasi Android.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-13">[13]</a> Kotlin 1.4 dirilis pada Agustus 2020, misalnya dengan beberapa perubahan kecil pada dukungan untuk platform Apple, yaitu pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interoperabilitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interoperabilitas (halaman belum tersedia)">interop</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Objective-C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Objective-C (halaman belum tersedia)">Objective-C</a>/<a href="/wiki/Swift_(bahasa_pemrograman)" title="Swift (bahasa pemrograman)">Swift</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:03-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Kotlin 1.5 dirilis pada Mei 2021.<a href="#cite_note-:03-14">[14]</a> Kotlin 1.6 dirilis pada November 2021.<a href="#cite_note-:03-14">[14]</a> Kotlin 1.7 dirilis pada Juni 2022.<a href="#cite_note-:03-14">[14]</a> Kotlin 1.8 dirilis pada Desember 2022, 1.8.0 dirilis pada 11 Januari 2023.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Desain">Desain</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Desain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Desain">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Pemimpin pengembangan Andrey Breslav mengatakan bahwa Kotlin dirancang untuk menjadi bahasa <a href="/wiki/Pemrograman_berorientasi_objek" title="Pemrograman berorientasi objek">berorientasi objek</a> berkekuatan industri, dan "bahasa yang lebih baik" daripada <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, tetapi masih sepenuhnya dapat dioperasikan dengan kode Java, memungkinkan perusahaan untuk melakukan migrasi bertahap dari Java ke Kotlin.<a href="#cite_note-interview3-17">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tanda_titik_koma" title="Tanda titik koma">Titik koma</a> adalah opsional sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terminator_pernyataan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terminator pernyataan (halaman belum tersedia)">terminator</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pernyataan_(ilmu_komputer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pernyataan (ilmu komputer) (halaman belum tersedia)">pernyataan</a>; dalam kebanyakan kasus, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_baru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis baru (halaman belum tersedia)">baris baru</a> sudah cukup bagi <a href="/wiki/Kompilator" title="Kompilator">kompiler</a> untuk menyimpulkan bahwa pernyataan telah berakhir.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Deklarasi <a href="/wiki/Variabel_(ilmu_komputer)" title="Variabel (ilmu komputer)">variabel</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parameter_(pemrograman_komputer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parameter (pemrograman komputer) (halaman belum tersedia)">daftar parameter</a> Kotlin memiliki <a href="/wiki/Tipe_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipe data">tipe data</a> yang muncul setelah nama variabel (dan dengan pemisah <a href="/wiki/Tanda_titik_dua" title="Tanda titik dua">titik dua</a>), mirip dengan <a href="/wiki/Ada_(bahasa_pemrograman)" title="Ada (bahasa pemrograman)">Ada</a>, <a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(bahasa_pemrograman)" title="Pascal (bahasa pemrograman)">Pascal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=TypeScript&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TypeScript (halaman belum tersedia)">TypeScript</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Rust_(bahasa_pemrograman)" title="Rust (bahasa pemrograman)">Rust</a>. Ini, menurut sebuah artikel dari Roman Elizarov, pemimpin proyek saat ini, menghasilkan penyelarasan nama variabel dan lebih menyenangkan untuk dilihat terutama ketika ada beberapa deklarasi variabel berturut-turut dan satu atau lebih tipe terlalu rumit untuk inferensi tipe atau perlu dideklarasikan secara eksplisit agar dapat dipahami oleh pembaca manusia.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Variabel di Kotlin dapat dibaca-saja, dideklarasikan dengan val <a href="/wiki/Kata_kunci" title="Kata kunci">kata kunci</a>, atau bisa berubah, dideklarasikan denganvarkata kunci.<a href="#cite_note-Basic_Syntax3-21">[21]</a> Anggota kelas bersifat publik secara default, dan kelas itu sendiri adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelas_akhir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelas akhir (halaman belum tersedia)">final</a> secara default, artinya membuat kelas turunan dinonaktifkan kecuali kelas dasar dideklarasikan dengan open kata kunci. Selain <a href="/wiki/Kelas_(ilmu_komputer)" title="Kelas (ilmu komputer)">kelas</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metode_(pemrograman_komputer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metode (pemrograman komputer) (halaman belum tersedia)">fungsi anggota</a> (yang setara dengan metode) pemrograman berorientasi objek, Kotlin juga mendukung <a href="/wiki/Pemrograman_prosedural" title="Pemrograman prosedural">pemrograman prosedural</a> dengan penggunaan <a href="/wiki/Subrutin" title="Subrutin">fungsi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Fungsi dan konstruktor Kotlin mendukung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Argumen_default&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argumen default (halaman belum tersedia)">argumen default</a>, daftar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fungsi_variadik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fungsi variadik (halaman belum tersedia)">argumen panjang variabel</a>, argumen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parameter_bernama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parameter bernama (halaman belum tersedia)">bernama</a>, dan kelebihan beban dengan tanda tangan unik. Fungsi anggota kelas adalah virtual, yaitu dikirim berdasarkan jenis runtime dari objek yang dipanggil. Kotlin 1.3 menambahkan dukungan untuk kontrak,<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> yang stabil untuk deklarasi pustaka standar, tetapi masih eksperimental untuk deklarasi yang ditentukan pengguna. Kontrak terinspirasi oleh desain <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eiffel_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eiffel (bahasa pemrograman) (halaman belum tersedia)">Eiffel</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desain_berdasarkan_kontrak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desain berdasarkan kontrak (halaman belum tersedia)">dengan paradigma pemrograman kontrak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Menurut pengembang Kotlin, Anda dapat memanggil kode <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> dari Kotlin, misalnya menulis aplikasi <a href="/w/index.php?title=React&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="React (halaman belum tersedia)">React</a> yang aman untuk jenis tertentu, atau menulis dan memelihara <a href="/wiki/Aplikasi_web" title="Aplikasi web">aplikasi web</a> tumpukan penuh yang berbagi logika validasi dengan frontend, atau Anda dapat "menghasilkan pustaka dari kode Kotlin Anda yang dapat dikonsumsi sebagai modul dari basis kode apa pun yang ditulis dalam JavaScript atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=TypeScript&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TypeScript (halaman belum tersedia)">TypeScript</a>".<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sintaks">Sintaks</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Sintaks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sintaks">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gaya_pemrograman_prosedural">Gaya pemrograman prosedural</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Gaya pemrograman prosedural" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Gaya pemrograman prosedural">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Kotlin melonggarkan batasan Java yang mengizinkan metode dan variabel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statis_(kata_kunci)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statis (kata kunci) (halaman belum tersedia)">statis</a> hanya ada di dalam badan kelas. Objek dan fungsi statis dapat didefinisikan di tingkat atas paket tanpa memerlukan tingkat kelas yang berlebihan. Untuk kompatibilitas dengan Java, Kotlin menyediakan anotasi <code>JvmName</code> yang menentukan nama kelas yang digunakan saat paket dilihat dari proyek Java. Misalnya, <code>@file:JvmName("JavaClassName")</code>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Titik_masuk_utama">Titik masuk utama</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Titik masuk utama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Titik masuk utama">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Seperti pada <a href="/wiki/C_(bahasa_pemrograman)" title="C (bahasa pemrograman)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(bahasa_pemrograman)" title="C Sharp (bahasa pemrograman)">C#</a>, Java, dan <a href="/wiki/Go_(bahasa_pemrograman)" title="Go (bahasa pemrograman)">Go</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Titik_masuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titik masuk (halaman belum tersedia)">titik masuk</a> ke <a href="/wiki/Program_komputer" title="Program komputer">program</a> Kotlin adalah fungsi bernama "main", yang dapat dilewatkan array yang berisi argumen <a href="/wiki/Antarmuka_baris_perintah" title="Antarmuka baris perintah">baris perintah</a> apa pun. Ini opsional karena Kotlin 1.3.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>, <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpolasi_string&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interpolasi string (halaman belum tersedia)">interpolasi string</a> gaya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shell_Unix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shell Unix (halaman belum tersedia)">shell Unix</a> didukung. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketik_inferensi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketik inferensi (halaman belum tersedia)">Jenis inferensi</a> juga didukung.<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-kotlin mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>// Hello, World! example fun main() { val scope = "World" println("Hello, $scope!") } fun main(args: Array<String>) { for (arg in args) println(arg) } </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fungsi_ekstensi">Fungsi ekstensi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Fungsi ekstensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fungsi ekstensi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Mirip dengan C#, Kotlin memungkinkan penambahan fungsi ekstensi ke kelas mana pun tanpa formalitas membuat kelas turunan dengan fungsi baru. Fungsi ekstensi memiliki akses ke semua antarmuka publik kelas, yang dapat digunakan untuk membuat antarmuka fungsi baru ke kelas target. Fungsi ekstensi akan muncul persis seperti fungsi kelas dan akan ditampilkan dalam pemeriksaan penyelesaian kode fungsi kelas. Sebagai contoh:<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-kotlin mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>package MyStringExtensions fun String.lastChar(): Char = get(length - 1) >>> println("Kotlin".lastChar()) </pre></div>Dengan menempatkan kode sebelumnya di tingkat atas sebuah paket, kelas String diperluas untuk menyertakan fungsi <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">lastChar</code> yang tidak termasuk dalam definisi asli kelas String.<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-kotlin mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>// Overloading '+' operator using an extension function operator fun Point.plus(other: Point): Point { return Point(x + other.x, y + other.y) } >>> val p1 = Point(10, 20) >>> val p2 = Point(30, 40) >>> println(p1 + p2) Point(x=40, y=60) </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argumen_Unpack_dengan_operator_spread">Argumen Unpack dengan operator spread</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Argumen Unpack dengan operator spread" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Argumen Unpack dengan operator spread">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Sama halnya dengan sintaks program Python, operator spread asterisk (*) membongkar (unpack) konten array sebagai argumen yang dipisahkan koma ke suatu fungsi:<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-kotlin mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>fun main(args: Array<String>) { val list = listOf("args: ", *args) println(list) } </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deklarasi_destructuring">Deklarasi destructuring</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Deklarasi destructuring" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Deklarasi destructuring">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Deklarasi destructuring menguraikan objek menjadi beberapa variabel sekaligus, misalnya objek koordinat 2D mungkin didestruktur menjadi dua <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_bulat" title="Bilangan bulat">bilangan bulat</a>, x dan y. Misalnya, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">Map.Entry</code>. Objek Entry mendukung destrukturisasi untuk menyederhanakan akses ke bidang kunci dan nilainya:<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-kotlin mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>for ((key, value) in map) println("$key: $value") </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fungsi_bersarang_(Nested)">Fungsi bersarang (Nested)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Fungsi bersarang (Nested)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fungsi bersarang (Nested)">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Kotlin memungkinkan fungsi lokal dideklarasikan di dalam fungsi atau metode lain.<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-kotlin mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>class User(val id: Int, val name: String, val address: String) fun saveUserToDb(user: User) { fun validate(user: User, value: String, fieldName: String) { require(value.isNotEmpty()) { "Can't save user ${user.id}: empty $fieldName" } } validate(user, user.name, "Name") validate(user, user.address, "Address") // Save user to the database ... } </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kelas_bersifat_final_secara_bawaan">Kelas bersifat final secara bawaan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Kelas bersifat final secara bawaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kelas bersifat final secara bawaan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Di Kotlin, untuk mendapatkan kelas baru dari tipe kelas dasar, kelas dasar harus secara eksplisit ditandai sebagai "terbuka". Ini berbeda dengan kebanyakan bahasa berorientasi objek seperti Java di mana kelas terbuka secara bawaan. Contoh kelas dasar yang terbuka untuk menurunkan subkelas baru darinya.<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-kotlin mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>// open on the class means this class will allow derived classes open class MegaButton { // no-open on a function means that // polymorphic behavior disabled if function overridden in derived class fun disable() { ... } // open on a function means that // polymorphic behavior allowed if function is overridden in derived class open fun animate() { ... } } class GigaButton: MegaButton() { // Explicit use of override keyword required to override a function in derived class override fun animate() { println("Giga Click!") } } </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kelas_abstrak_terbuka_secara_bawaan">Kelas abstrak terbuka secara bawaan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Kelas abstrak terbuka secara bawaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kelas abstrak terbuka secara bawaan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Kelas abstrak mendefinisikan fungsi placeholder abstrak atau "virtual murni" yang akan didefinisikan dalam kelas turunan. Kelas abstrak terbuka secara bawaan.<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-kotlin mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>// No need for the open keyword here, it’s already open by default abstract class Animated { // This virtual function is already open by default as well abstract fun animate() open fun stopAnimating() { } fun animateTwice() { } } </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kelas_bersifat_publik_secara_bawaan">Kelas bersifat publik secara bawaan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Kelas bersifat publik secara bawaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kelas bersifat publik secara bawaan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Kotlin menyediakan kata kunci berikut untuk membatasi visibilitas deklarasi tingkat atas, seperti kelas, dan untuk anggota kelas: <code>public</code>, <code>internal</code>, <code>protected</code>, dan <code>private</code>. Penerapan kedalam anggota kelas: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Kata kunci </th> <th>Visibilitas </th></tr> <tr> <td><code>public</code> (bawaan) </td> <td>Di mana pun </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>internal</code> </td> <td>Dalam modul </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>protected</code> </td> <td>Di dalam subkelas </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>private</code> </td> <td>Dalam satu kelas </td></tr></tbody></table> Ketika diterapkan ke deklarasi tingkat atas: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Kata kunci </th> <th>Visibilitas </th></tr> <tr> <td><code>public</code> (bawaan) </td> <td>Di mana pun </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>internal</code> </td> <td>Dalam modul </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>private</code> </td> <td>Dalam sebuah file </td></tr></tbody></table> Contoh:<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-kotlin mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>// Class is visible only to current module internal open class TalkativeButton{ // method is only visible to current class private fun yell() = println("Hey!") // method is visible to current class and derived classes protected fun whisper() = println("Let's talk!") } internal class MyTalkativeButton: TalkativeButton() { fun utter() = super.whisper() } MyTalkativeButton().utter() </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konstruktor_utama_vs._konstruktor_sekunder">Konstruktor utama vs. konstruktor sekunder</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Konstruktor utama vs. konstruktor sekunder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Konstruktor utama vs. konstruktor sekunder">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Kotlin mendukung spesifikasi "konstruktor utama" sebagai bagian dari definisi kelas itu sendiri, yang terdiri dari daftar argumen yang mengikuti nama kelas. Daftar argumen ini mendukung sintaks yang diperluas pada daftar argumen fungsi standar Kotlin, yang memungkinkan deklarasi properti kelas di konstruktor utama, termasuk atribut visibilitas, ekstensibilitas, dan mutabilitas. Selain itu, saat mendefinisikan subkelas, properti di antarmuka super dan kelas super dapat diganti di konstruktor utama.<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-kotlin mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>// Example of class using primary constructor syntax // (Only one constructor required for this class) open class BaseUser(open var isSubscribed: Boolean) open class PowerUser(protected val nickname: String, final override var isSubscribed: Boolean = true):BaseUser(isSubscribed) { } </pre></div>Namun, dalam kasus di mana lebih dari satu konstruktor diperlukan untuk sebuah kelas, konstruktor yang lebih umum dapat digunakan disebut sintaks konstruktor sekunder yang sangat mirip dengan sintaks konstruktor yang digunakan di sebagian besar bahasa berorientasi objek seperti C++, C#, dan Java.<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-kotlin mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>// Example of class using secondary constructor syntax // (more than one constructor required for this class) class Context class AttributeSet open class View(ctx:Context) { constructor(ctx: Context, attr: AttributeSet): this(ctx) } class MyButton : View { // Constructor #1 constructor(ctx: Context) : super(ctx) { } // Constructor #2 constructor(ctx: Context, attr: AttributeSet) : super(ctx, attr) { // ... } } </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kelas_tertutup">Kelas tertutup</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Kelas tertutup" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kelas tertutup">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Kelas dan antarmuka yang disegel membatasi hierarki subkelas, yang berarti lebih banyak kontrol atas hierarki pewarisan. Deklarasi antarmuka dan kelas yang disegel:<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-kotlin mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>sealed interface Expr sealed class Job </pre></div>Semua subclass dari kelas yang disegel didefinisikan pada waktu kompilasi. Tidak ada subkelas baru yang dapat ditambahkan ke dalamnya setelah kompilasi modul yang memiliki kelas tersegel. Misalnya, kelas yang disegel dalam file jar yang dikompilasi tidak dapat disubklasifikasikan.<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-kotlin mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>sealed class Vehicle data class Car(val brandName: String, val owner: String, val color: String): Vehicle() class Bike(val brandName: String, val owner: String, val color: String): Vehicle() class Tractor(val brandName: String, val owner: String, val color: String): Vehicle() val kiaCar = Car("KIA", "John", "Blue") val hyundaiCar = Car("Hyundai", "Britto", "Green") </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kelas_data">Kelas data</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Kelas data" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kelas data">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Konstruksi <code>data class</code> Kotlin mendefinisikan kelas yang tujuan utamanya adalah menyimpan data. Konstruksi ini mirip dengan kelas normal kecuali bahwa fungsi kunci <code>equals</code>, <code>toString</code>, dan kode <code>hashCode</code> secara otomatis dihasilkan dari properti kelas. Di Jawa, kelas seperti itu diharapkan menyediakan berbagai macam fungsi standar seperti itu. Kelas data tidak diharuskan untuk mendeklarasikan metode apa pun, meskipun masing-masing harus memiliki setidaknya satu properti. Kelas data sering ditulis tanpa badan, meskipun dimungkinkan untuk memberikan kelas data metode apa pun atau konstruktor sekunder yang valid untuk kelas lain mana pun. Kata kunci <code>data</code> digunakan sebelum kata kunci <code>class</code> untuk mendefinisikan kelas data.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-kotlin mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>// data class with parameters and their optional default values data class Book(val name: String = "", val price: Int = 0) fun main(args: Array<String>) { // create a data class object like any other class object var book1 = Book("Kotlin Programming", 250) println(book1) // output: Book(name=Kotlin Programming, price=250) } </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shell_interaktif_Kotlin">Shell interaktif Kotlin</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Shell interaktif Kotlin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Shell interaktif Kotlin">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-pycon mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>$ kotlinc-jvm type :help for help; :quit for quit >>> 2 + 2 4 >>> println("Hello, World!") Hello, World! </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kotlin_sebagai_bahasa_skrip">Kotlin sebagai bahasa skrip</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Kotlin sebagai bahasa skrip" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kotlin sebagai bahasa skrip">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Kotlin juga dapat digunakan sebagai bahasa scripting. Skrip adalah file sumber Kotlin (.kts) dengan kode yang dapat dieksekusi tingkat atas.<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-kotlin mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>// list_folders.kts import java.io.File val folders = File(args[0]).listFiles { file -> file.isDirectory() } folders?.forEach(::println) </pre></div>Skrip dapat dijalankan dengan meneruskan opsi <code>-script</code> dan file skrip yang sesuai ke kompiler.<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bash mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>$ kotlinc -script list_folders.kts "path_to_folder_to_inspect" </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keamanan_kosong">Keamanan kosong</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Keamanan kosong" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keamanan kosong">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Kotlin membedakan antara tipe data <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tidak_dapat_dibatalkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tidak dapat dibatalkan (halaman belum tersedia)">nullable</a> dan non-nullable. Semua objek nullable harus dideklarasikan dengan tanda "?" postfix setelah nama tipe. Operasi pada objek yang dapat dibatalkan memerlukan perhatian khusus dari pengembang: pemeriksaan nol harus dilakukan sebelum menggunakan nilai. Kotlin menyediakan operator null-safe untuk membantu developer. <ul><li>?. (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_navigation_operator" class="extiw" title="en:Safe navigation operator">operator navigasi aman</a>) dapat digunakan untuk mengakses metode atau properti objek yang mungkin null dengan aman. Jika objeknya nol, metode tidak akan dipanggil dan ekspresi dievaluasi menjadi nol.</li> <li>?: (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_coalescing_operator" class="extiw" title="en:Null coalescing operator">operator penggabungan kosong</a>) sering disebut sebagai <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_operator" class="extiw" title="en:Elvis operator">operator Elvis</a>:</li></ul> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-kotlin mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>fun sayHello(maybe: String?, neverNull: Int) { // use of elvis operator val name: String = maybe ?: "stranger" println("Hello $name") } </pre></div>Contoh penggunaan operator navigasi aman:<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-kotlin mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>// returns null if... // - foo() returns null, // - or if foo() is non-null, but bar() returns null, // - or if foo() and bar() are non-null, but baz() returns null. // vice versa, return value is non-null if and only if foo(), bar() and baz() are non-null foo()?.bar()?.baz() </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lambda">Lambda</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Lambda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lambda">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Kotlin menyediakan dukungan untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fungsi_tingkat_tinggi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fungsi tingkat tinggi (halaman belum tersedia)">fungsi tingkat tinggi</a> dan fungsi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fungsi_anonim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fungsi anonim (halaman belum tersedia)">anonim</a> atau lambda.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-kotlin mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>// the following function takes a lambda, f, and executes f passing it the string "lambda" // note that (String) -> Unit indicates a lambda with a String parameter and Unit return type fun executeLambda(f: (String) -> Unit) { f("lambda") } </pre></div>Lambdas dideklarasikan menggunakan kurung kurawal,{ } . Jika lambda mengambil parameter, mereka dideklarasikan dalam kurung kurawal dan diikuti oleh-> operator.<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-kotlin mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>// the following statement defines a lambda that takes a single parameter and passes it to the println function val l = { c : Any? -> println(c) } // lambdas with no parameters may simply be defined using { } val l2 = { print("no parameters") } </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contoh_kompleks_"hello_world"">Contoh kompleks "hello world"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Contoh kompleks "hello world"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Contoh kompleks "hello world"">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-kotlin mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre>fun main(args: Array<String>) { greet { to.place }.print() } // Inline higher-order functions inline fun greet(s: () -> String) : String = greeting andAnother s() // Infix functions, extensions, type inference, nullable types, // lambda expressions, labeled this, Elvis operator (?:) infix fun String.andAnother(other : Any?) = buildString() { append(this@andAnother); append(" "); append(other ?: "") } // Immutable types, delegated properties, lazy initialization, string templates val greeting by lazy { val doubleEl: String = "ll"; "he${doubleEl}o" } // Sealed classes, companion objects sealed class to { companion object { val place = "world"} } // Extensions, Unit fun String.print() = println(this) </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peralatan">Peralatan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Peralatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Peralatan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IntelliJ_IDEA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IntelliJ IDEA (halaman belum tersedia)">IntelliJ IDEA</a> memiliki dukungan plug-in untuk Kotlin.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> IntelliJ IDEA 15 adalah versi pertama yang menggabungkan plugin Kotlin di IntelliJ Installer, dan memberikan dukungan Kotlin secara langsung.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li> <li>JetBrains juga menyediakan plugin untuk <a href="/wiki/Eclipse_(perangkat_lunak)" title="Eclipse (perangkat lunak)">Eclipse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li> <li>Integrasi dengan alat build Java umum didukung termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Maven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apache Maven (halaman belum tersedia)">Apache Maven</a>,<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Semut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apache Semut (halaman belum tersedia)">Apache Ant</a>,<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gradle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gradle (halaman belum tersedia)">Gradle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_Studio" title="Android Studio">Android Studio</a> (berdasarkan IntelliJ IDEA) memiliki dukungan resmi untuk Kotlin, mulai dari Android Studio 3.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emacs" title="Emacs">Emacs</a> memiliki Mode Kotlin di repositori paket Melpa-nya.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vim_(penyunting_teks)" title="Vim (penyunting teks)">Vim</a> memiliki plugin yang dikelola di GitHub.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://json2kotlin.com/">Json2Kotlin</a> menghasilkan kode Kotlin asli gaya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Objek_Jawa_kuno_biasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Objek Jawa kuno biasa (halaman belum tersedia)">POJO</a> untuk pemetaan respons <a href="/wiki/Layanan_web" title="Layanan web">layanan web</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplikasi">Aplikasi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Sunting bagian: Aplikasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Aplikasi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Saat Kotlin diumumkan sebagai bahasa pengembangan Android resmi di <a href="/wiki/Google_I/O" title="Google I/O">Google I/O</a> pada Mei 2017, Kotlin menjadi bahasa ketiga yang didukung penuh untuk Android, selain Java dan C++.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Pada tahun 2020, Kotlin masih paling banyak digunakan di Android, dengan Google memperkirakan bahwa 70% dari 1000 aplikasi teratas di Play Store ditulis dalam Kotlin. Google sendiri memiliki 60 aplikasi yang ditulis dalam Kotlin, termasuk Maps dan Drive. Banyak aplikasi Android, seperti Google Home, sedang dalam proses migrasi ke Kotlin, jadi gunakan Kotlin dan Java. Kotlin di Android dipandang bermanfaat karena <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keamanan_penunjuk_nol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keamanan penunjuk nol (halaman belum tersedia)">keamanan penunjuk nolnya</a> serta fitur-fiturnya yang membuat kode lebih pendek dan lebih mudah dibaca.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Selain penggunaannya yang menonjol di Android, Kotlin mendapatkan daya tarik dalam pengembangan sisi server. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerangka_Musim_Semi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerangka Musim Semi (halaman belum tersedia)">Spring Framework</a> secara resmi menambahkan dukungan Kotlin dengan versi 5 pada 4 Januari 2017.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Untuk lebih mendukung Kotlin, Spring telah menerjemahkan semua dokumentasinya ke Kotlin dan menambahkan dukungan bawaan untuk banyak fitur khusus Kotlin seperti coroutine.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Selain Spring, JetBrains telah menghasilkan kerangka kerja pertama Kotlin yang disebut Ktor untuk membangun aplikasi web.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Pada tahun 2020, JetBrains menemukan dalam survei pengembang yang menggunakan Kotlin bahwa 56% menggunakan Kotlin untuk aplikasi seluler, sementara 47% menggunakannya untuk back-end web. Lebih dari sepertiga pengembang Kotlin mengatakan bahwa mereka bermigrasi ke Kotlin dari bahasa lain. Sebagian besar pengguna Kotlin menargetkan Android (atau sebaliknya di JVM), dengan hanya 6% yang menggunakan Kotlin Native.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adopsi">Adopsi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Sunting bagian: Adopsi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=23" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Adopsi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Pada tahun 2018, Kotlin adalah bahasa dengan pertumbuhan tercepat di GitHub dengan 2,6 kali lebih banyak pengembang dibandingkan tahun 2017.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Ini adalah bahasa pemrograman keempat yang paling dicintai menurut Survei Pengembang Stack Overflow 2020.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Kotlin juga dianugerahi O'Reilly Open Source Software Conference Breakout Award untuk 2019.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Banyak perusahaan/organisasi telah menggunakan Kotlin untuk pengembangan backend: <ul><li>Google<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></li> <li>Norwegian Tax Administration<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></li> <li>Gradle<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li> <li>Amazon<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li> <li>Cash App<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li> <li>JetBrains<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li> <li>Flux<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li> <li>Allegro<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li> <li>OLX<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li> <li>Shazam<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></li> <li>Pivotal<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li> <li>Rocket Travel<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></li> <li>Meshcloud<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></li> <li>Zalando<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></li></ul> Beberapa perusahaan/organisasi telah menggunakan Kotlin untuk <a href="/wiki/Pengembangan_web" title="Pengembangan web">pengembangan web</a>: <ul><li>JetBrains<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></li> <li>Data2viz<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li> <li>Fritz2<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li> <li>Barclay's Bank<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li></ul> Sejumlah perusahaan secara terbuka menyatakan bahwa mereka menggunakan Kotlin: <ul><li>DripStat<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basecamp_(software)" class="extiw" title="en:Basecamp (software)">Basecamp</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinterest" class="extiw" title="en:Pinterest">Pinterest</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li> <li>Coursera<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li>Netflix<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li> <li>Uber<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li>Cash App<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li>Trello<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li>Duolingo<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li> <li>Corda, buku besar terdistribusi yang dikembangkan oleh konsorsium bank terkenal (seperti <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo" title="Wells Fargo">Wells Fargo</a>, <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JP Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a>, <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/BNP_Paribas" title="BNP Paribas">BNP Paribas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" title="Société Générale">Société Générale</a>), memiliki lebih dari 90% kode Kotlin dalam basis kodenya.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=24" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Comparison of programming languages">Perbandingan bahasa pemrograman</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotlinlang.org">Situs web resmi</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://try.kotlinlang.org/">Sampel kode</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Sunting bagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=25" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Rujukan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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Diakses tanggal 11 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blog.dripstat.com&rft.atitle=Kotlin+in+Production+%E2%80%93+What+works%2C+Whats+broken&rft.date=2016-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.dripstat.com%2Fkotlin-in-production-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKotlin+%28bahasa+pemrograman%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.signalvnoise.com/how-we-made-basecamp-3s-android-app-100-kotlin-35e4e1c0ef12">"How we made Basecamp 3's Android app 100% Kotlin – Signal v. Noise"</a>. Signal v. Noise. 29 April 2017. Diakses tanggal 1 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Signal+v.+Noise&rft.atitle=How+we+made+Basecamp+3%27s+Android+app+100%25+Kotlin+%E2%80%93+Signal+v.+Noise&rft.date=2017-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.signalvnoise.com%2Fhow-we-made-basecamp-3s-android-app-100-kotlin-35e4e1c0ef12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKotlin+%28bahasa+pemrograman%29" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati">pranala nonaktif permanen</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDpnc45WwlI">"Droidcon NYC 2016 - Kotlin in Production"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. Diakses tanggal 24 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Droidcon+NYC+2016+-+Kotlin+in+Production&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DmDpnc45WwlI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKotlin+%28bahasa+pemrograman%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/coursera-engineering/becoming-bilingual-coursera-d8048dce73e3">"Becoming bilingual@coursera"</a>. 26 April 2018. Diakses tanggal 24 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Becoming+bilingual%40coursera&rft.date=2018-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fcoursera-engineering%2Fbecoming-bilingual-coursera-d8048dce73e3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKotlin+%28bahasa+pemrograman%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/robspieldenner/status/708355228832178176">"Rob Spieldenner on twitter"</a>. Diakses tanggal 24 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rob+Spieldenner+on+twitter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Frobspieldenner%2Fstatus%2F708355228832178176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKotlin+%28bahasa+pemrograman%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/androiddev/comments/5sihp0/2017_whos_using_kotlin/ddfmkf7/">"2017 Who's using Kotlin?"</a>. 7 February 2017. Diakses tanggal 24 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2017+Who%27s+using+Kotlin%3F&rft.date=2017-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reddit.com%2Fr%2Fandroiddev%2Fcomments%2F5sihp0%2F2017_whos_using_kotlin%2Fddfmkf7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKotlin+%28bahasa+pemrograman%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/square/sqldelight">"square/sqldelight"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>. Diakses tanggal 24 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=square%2Fsqldelight&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fsquare%2Fsqldelight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKotlin+%28bahasa+pemrograman%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/danlew42/status/809065097339564032">"Dan Lew on Twitter"</a>. Diakses tanggal 24 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dan+Lew+on+Twitter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fdanlew42%2Fstatus%2F809065097339564032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKotlin+%28bahasa+pemrograman%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/duolingo/status/1247876630984474626">"Duolingo on Twitter"</a>. Diakses tanggal 13 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Duolingo+on+Twitter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fduolingo%2Fstatus%2F1247876630984474626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKotlin+%28bahasa+pemrograman%29" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.jetbrains.com/kotlin/2017/03/kotlin-1-1/">"Kotlin 1.1 Released with JavaScript Support, Coroutines and more"</a>. Diakses tanggal 1 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kotlin+1.1+Released+with+JavaScript+Support%2C+Coroutines+and+more&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.jetbrains.com%2Fkotlin%2F2017%2F03%2Fkotlin-1-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKotlin+%28bahasa+pemrograman%29" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bahan_bacaan">Bahan bacaan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Sunting bagian: Bahan bacaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotlin_(bahasa_pemrograman)&action=edit&section=26" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bahan bacaan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Hardiansah; Suryono, Sigit (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Panduan_Praktis_Membuat_Aplikasi_ANDROID/Wh_xDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=pemrograman+android+kotlin&printsec=frontcover">Panduan Praktis Membuat Aplikasi ANDROID Dengan Android Studio (Kotlin)</a> (edisi ke-4). <a href="/wiki/Daerah_Istimewa_Yogyakarta" title="Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta">Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sleman" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleman">Sleman</a>: PT. 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