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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Anatomy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anatomy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Anatomy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anatomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Head" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Head"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Head</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Head-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Brain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skeleton" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a 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id="toc-Physiology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Circulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Circulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Circulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Circulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Respiration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Respiration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Respiration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Respiration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abdominal_organs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abdominal_organs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Abdominal organs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abdominal_organs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Senses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vision" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vision"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Vision</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vision-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemical_senses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemical_senses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Chemical senses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemical_senses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electroreception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electroreception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.3</span> <span>Electroreception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electroreception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ears" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ears"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Ears</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ears-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Echolocation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Echolocation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Echolocation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Echolocation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chromosomes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chromosomes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Chromosomes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chromosomes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ecology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Range_and_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Range_and_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Range and habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Range_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whale_migration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whale_migration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Whale migration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whale_migration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behaviour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behaviour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Behaviour</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Behaviour-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Behaviour subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Behaviour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sleep" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sleep"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sleep</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sleep-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Diving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Social relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whale_song" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whale_song"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Whale song</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whale_song-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hunting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hunting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Hunting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hunting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intelligence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intelligence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Intelligence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intelligence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decision-making" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decision-making"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Decision-making</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decision-making-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Life history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Life_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Life history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Life_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reproduction_and_brooding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduction_and_brooding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Reproduction and brooding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproduction_and_brooding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suckling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suckling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Suckling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suckling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lifespan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lifespan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Lifespan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lifespan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disease" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disease"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Disease</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disease-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Evolution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Evolution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fossil_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fossil_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Fossil history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fossil_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transition_from_land_to_sea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transition_from_land_to_sea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>Transition from land to sea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transition_from_land_to_sea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marine_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marine_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.3</span> <span>Marine animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marine_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_phylogeny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_phylogeny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>External phylogeny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_phylogeny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_phylogeny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_phylogeny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Internal phylogeny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_phylogeny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Threats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Threats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Threats</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Threats-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Threats subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Threats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Whaling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whaling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Whaling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whaling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fishing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fishing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Fishing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fishing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strandings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strandings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Strandings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strandings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_hazards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_hazards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Environmental hazards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_hazards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_to_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_to_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Relationship to humans</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Relationship_to_humans-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Relationship to humans subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Relationship_to_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Research_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Research history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages_to_the_19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages_to_the_19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2.1</span> <span>Middle Ages to the 19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages_to_the_19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2.2</span> <span>Modern culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Captivity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Captivity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Captivity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Captivity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belugas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belugas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3.1</span> <span>Belugas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belugas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orcas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orcas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3.2</span> <span>Orcas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orcas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3.3</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cetacea</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 139 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-139" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">139 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Джейхэр – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Джейхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walvisagtiges" title="Walvisagtiges – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Walvisagtiges" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wale" title="Wale – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wale" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8B%93%E1%88%A3%E1%8A%95%E1%89%A0%E1%88%AA_%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B0%E1%8A%94" title="የዓሣንበሪ አስተኔ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የዓሣንበሪ አስተኔ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حوتيات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حوتيات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF" title="তিমি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তিমি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirapu%C3%A3" title="Pirapuã – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pirapuã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="بالیناکیمی‌لر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بالیناکیمی‌لر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="সিটাসিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিটাসিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кит һымаҡтар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кит һымаҡтар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Кітападобныя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кітападобныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Кітападобныя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кітападобныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Китоподобни – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Китоподобни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morvil" title="Morvil – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Morvil" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Халим – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Халим" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacis" title="Cetacis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cetacis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%B5%D0%B2%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Кит евĕрлисем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кит евĕрлисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balyenaglumod" title="Balyenaglumod – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Balyenaglumod" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kytovci" title="Kytovci – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kytovci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngumi" title="Ngumi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ngumi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfiligion" title="Morfiligion – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Morfiligion" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvaler" title="Hvaler – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hvaler" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wale" title="Wale – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wale" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3%C3%B3%CA%BCtsoh_d%C3%B3%C3%B3_T%C3%A9%C3%A9h_h%C3%B3y%C3%A1anii" title="Łóóʼtsoh dóó Tééh hóyáanii – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Łóóʼtsoh dóó Tééh hóyáanii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaalalised" title="Vaalalised – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vaalalised" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B7%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B7" title="Κητώδη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κητώδη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacoj" title="Cetacoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cetacoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zetazeo" title="Zetazeo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zetazeo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آب‌بازسانان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آب‌بازسانان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvalur" title="Hvalur – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Hvalur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9iticeach" title="Céiticeach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Céiticeach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muc-mhara" title="Muc-mhara – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Muc-mhara" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cet%C3%A1ceos" title="Cetáceos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cetáceos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AEn-%C7%B9g" title="Kîn-ǹg – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kîn-ǹg" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Тул – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Тул" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%9E%98" title="고래 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고래" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կետանմաններ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կետանմաններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3" title="तिमिगण – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तिमिगण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wjelryby" title="Wjelryby – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wjelryby" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitovi" title="Kitovi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kitovi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetaceo" title="Cetaceo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Cetaceo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Гайахуызтæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гайахуызтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvalir" title="Hvalir – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hvalir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" title="לווייתנאים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לווייתנאים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ვეშაპისნაირნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვეშაპისნაირნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Киттәрізділер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Киттәрізділер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morvil" title="Morvil – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Morvil" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyangumi" title="Nyangumi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nyangumi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megoldunol_(Cetacea)" title="Megoldunol (Cetacea) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Megoldunol (Cetacea)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal%C3%A8n" title="Balèn – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Balèn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кит сымалдар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кит сымалдар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Кит ганьывлӓ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Кит ганьывлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balena" title="Balena – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Balena" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Va%C4%BCveid%C4%ABgie" title="Vaļveidīgie – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vaļveidīgie" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walen" title="Walen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Walen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banginiai" title="Banginiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Banginiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walv%C3%A8sechtege" title="Walvèsechtege – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Walvèsechtege" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mond%C9%9B%CC%81l%C9%9B%CC%81_(nyama)" title="Mondɛ́lɛ́ (nyama) – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mondɛ́lɛ́ (nyama)" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setaseo" title="Setaseo – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Setaseo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetek" title="Cetek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cetek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Китови – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Китови" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="സീറ്റേസി ഗോത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സീറ്റേസി ഗോത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika_moana" title="Ika moana – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ika moana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حيتانيات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حيتانيات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setasea" title="Setasea – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Setasea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Халим – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Халим" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC" title="စီတက်ဆီယာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စီတက်ဆီယာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walvisachtigen" title="Walvisachtigen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Walvisachtigen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AF%A8%E9%A1%9E" title="鯨類 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鯨類" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waaler" title="Waaler – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Waaler" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvaler" title="Hvaler – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hvaler" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvalar" title="Kvalar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kvalar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitsimonlar" title="Kitsimonlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kitsimonlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਸੈਟੇਸ਼ੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੈਟੇਸ਼ੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wale" title="Wale – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Wale" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سیٹیشیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سیٹیشیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF" title="نهنگ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نهنگ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacei" title="Cetacei – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cetacei" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waalfisch" title="Waalfisch – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Waalfisch" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walenie" title="Walenie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Walenie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cet%C3%A1ceos" title="Cetáceos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cetáceos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacee" title="Cetacee – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cetacee" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallina" title="Wallina – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wallina" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Китообразные – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Китообразные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D2%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кииттиҥилэр аймахтара – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кииттиҥилэр аймахтара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacet%C3%AB" title="Cetacetë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Cetacetë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%DA%8A%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سامونڊي مماليا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سامونڊي مماليا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C4%BEryby_(rad)" title="Veľryby (rad) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Veľryby (rad)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiti" title="Kiti – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kiti" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8A" title="Китъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Китъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nibiri" title="Nibiri – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nibiri" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سیتەیسیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیتەیسیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Китови – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Китови" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitovi" title="Kitovi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kitovi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_(mamalia)" title="Paus (mamalia) – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Paus (mamalia)" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valaat" title="Valaat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valaat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valar" title="Valar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Valar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="கடற்பாலூட்டி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கடற்பாலூட்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AC%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="อันดับฐานวาฬและโลมา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อันดับฐานวาฬและโลมา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Кит – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кит" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balinalar" title="Balinalar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Balinalar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Китоподібні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Китоподібні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%81" title="حوتیہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حوتیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginghyiz" title="Ginghyiz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ginghyiz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitanvui%C4%8D%C4%8Ded" title="Kitanvuiččed – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kitanvuiččed" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_th%E1%BB%A9_b%E1%BB%99_C%C3%A1_voi" title="Phân thứ bộ Cá voi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phân thứ bộ Cá voi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balinnac%C3%AEs" title="Balinnacîs – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Balinnacîs" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walvissn" title="Walvissn – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Walvissn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cetacea" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%B8%E8%B1%9A%E7%B1%BB" title="鲸豚类 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鲸豚类" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A9" title="וואלפיש – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואלפיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AF%A8%E9%AD%9A" title="鯨魚 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鯨魚" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balina" title="Balina – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Balina" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walvisachtihen" title="Walvisachtihen – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Walvisachtihen" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bong%C4%97n%C4%93" title="Bongėnē – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Bongėnē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AF%A8%E8%B1%9A%E9%A1%9E" title="鯨豚類 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鯨豚類" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q160#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Infraorder of mammals</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Cetacea<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">53.5–0 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:17.583076923077px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.22px; width:14.807692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:70.027692307692px; width:7.9470769230769px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:77.974769230769px; width:20.564923076923px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.539692307692px; width:20.294153846154px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.732307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:171.56615384615px; width:26.095384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.540307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20184615385px; width:6.9249230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:201.89230769231px; width:18.107692307692px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:201.89230769231px; width:18.107692307692px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:202.89230769231px; width:16.107692307692px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span>Early <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a> – Present</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mother_and_baby_sperm_whale.jpg/195px-Mother_and_baby_sperm_whale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mother_and_baby_sperm_whale.jpg/260px-Mother_and_baby_sperm_whale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5115" data-file-height="2877" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">Sperm whale</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div style="height:73px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Humpback_stellwagen_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Humpback_stellwagen_edit.jpg/129px-Humpback_stellwagen_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Humpback_stellwagen_edit.jpg/194px-Humpback_stellwagen_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Humpback_stellwagen_edit.jpg/258px-Humpback_stellwagen_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3094" data-file-height="1753" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">Humpback whale</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:164px;max-width:164px"><div style="height:107px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Killerwhales_jumping.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Killerwhales_jumping.jpg/162px-Killerwhales_jumping.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Killerwhales_jumping.jpg/243px-Killerwhales_jumping.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Killerwhales_jumping.jpg/324px-Killerwhales_jumping.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2186" data-file-height="1453" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Orca" title="Orca">Orca</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:99px;max-width:99px"><div style="height:107px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eubalaena_glacialis_with_calf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Eubalaena_glacialis_with_calf.jpg/97px-Eubalaena_glacialis_with_calf.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Eubalaena_glacialis_with_calf.jpg/146px-Eubalaena_glacialis_with_calf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Eubalaena_glacialis_with_calf.jpg/194px-Eubalaena_glacialis_with_calf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1329" data-file-height="1486" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_right_whale" title="North Atlantic right whale">North Atlantic right whale</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:175px;max-width:175px"><div style="height:129px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazonas-Flussdelfin_Orinoko3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Amazonas-Flussdelfin_Orinoko3.jpg/173px-Amazonas-Flussdelfin_Orinoko3.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Amazonas-Flussdelfin_Orinoko3.jpg/260px-Amazonas-Flussdelfin_Orinoko3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Amazonas-Flussdelfin_Orinoko3.jpg/346px-Amazonas-Flussdelfin_Orinoko3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2608" data-file-height="1952" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_river_dolphin" title="Amazon river dolphin">Amazon river dolphin</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:88px;max-width:88px"><div style="height:129px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marsvin_(Phocoena_phocoena)_light.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Marsvin_%28Phocoena_phocoena%29_light.jpg/120px-Marsvin_%28Phocoena_phocoena%29_light.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Marsvin_%28Phocoena_phocoena%29_light.jpg/250px-Marsvin_%28Phocoena_phocoena%29_light.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1381" data-file-height="2072" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Harbor_porpoise" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbor porpoise">Harbor porpoise</a></div></div></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Cetacea" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Artiodactyl" title="Artiodactyl">Artiodactyla</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cetaceamorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetaceamorpha">Cetaceamorpha</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Infraorder: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cetacea</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Mathurin_Jacques_Brisson" title="Mathurin Jacques Brisson">Brisson</a>, 1762</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subgroups </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Pakicetidae" title="Pakicetidae">Pakicetidae</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Ambulocetidae" title="Ambulocetidae">Ambulocetidae</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Remingtonocetidae" title="Remingtonocetidae">Remingtonocetidae</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Protocetidae" title="Protocetidae">Protocetidae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a>)</li> <li><b>Pelagiceti</b> <small>Uhen, 2008</small><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Basilosauridae" title="Basilosauridae">Basilosauridae</a> (paraphyletic)</li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Kekenodontidae" title="Kekenodontidae">Kekenodontidae</a></li> <li><b>Neoceti</b> <small>Fordyce & de Muizon, 2001</small><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mysticeti" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysticeti">Mysticeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odontoceti" class="mw-redirect" title="Odontoceti">Odontoceti</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p><i>(<a href="#Classification">see text</a> for families)</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">Diversity</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cetaceans" title="List of cetaceans">Around 94 species</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Cetacea</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> <i> cetus</i> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text"><a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">whale</a></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>, from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a> <i> </i>κῆτος<i> (<span title="Ancient Greek transliteration" lang="grc-Latn"><i><a href="/wiki/Cetus_(mythology)" title="Cetus (mythology)">kêtos</a></i></span>)</i> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text"><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_fish" title="List of largest fish">huge fish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_monster" title="Sea monster">sea monster</a></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Infraorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Infraorder">infraorder</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aquatic_mammal" title="Aquatic mammal">aquatic mammals</a> belonging to the order <a href="/wiki/Artiodactyla" class="mw-redirect" title="Artiodactyla">Artiodactyla</a> that includes <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">whales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">dolphins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Porpoises" class="mw-redirect" title="Porpoises">porpoises</a>. Key characteristics are their fully aquatic lifestyle, <a href="/wiki/Streamlined" class="mw-redirect" title="Streamlined">streamlined</a> body shape, often large size and exclusively <a href="/wiki/Carnivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnivorous">carnivorous</a> diet. They propel themselves through the water with powerful up-and-down movement of their tail which ends in a paddle-like fluke, using their flipper-shaped forelimbs to maneuver.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the majority of cetaceans live in marine environments, a small number reside solely in <a href="/wiki/Brackish_water" title="Brackish water">brackish water</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fresh_water" title="Fresh water">fresh water</a>. Having a <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitan_distribution" title="Cosmopolitan distribution">cosmopolitan distribution</a>, they can be found in some rivers and all of Earth's oceans, and many species inhabit vast ranges where they migrate with the changing of the seasons. </p><p>Cetaceans are famous for <a href="/wiki/Cetacean_intelligence" title="Cetacean intelligence">their high intelligence</a>, complex social behaviour, and the enormous size of some of the group's members. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Blue_whale" title="Blue whale">blue whale</a> reaches a maximum confirmed length of 29.9 meters (98 feet) and a weight of 173 tonnes (190 short tons), making it the largest animal ever known to have existed.<sup id="cite_ref-Wood_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wood-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are approximately 89<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> living species split into two <a href="/wiki/Parvorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Parvorder">parvorders</a>: <a href="/wiki/Odontoceti" class="mw-redirect" title="Odontoceti">Odontoceti</a> or toothed whales (containing <a href="/wiki/Porpoise" title="Porpoise">porpoises</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">dolphins</a>, other predatory whales like the <a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">beluga</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">sperm whale</a>, and the poorly understood <a href="/wiki/Beaked_whale" title="Beaked whale">beaked whales</a>) and the filter feeding <a href="/wiki/Mysticeti" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysticeti">Mysticeti</a> or <a href="/wiki/Baleen" title="Baleen">baleen</a> whales (which includes species like the <a href="/wiki/Blue_whale" title="Blue whale">blue whale</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">humpback whale</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whale" title="Bowhead whale">bowhead whale</a>). Despite their highly modified bodies and carnivorous lifestyle, genetic and fossil evidence places cetaceans as nested within <a href="/wiki/Even-toed_ungulate" class="mw-redirect" title="Even-toed ungulate">even-toed ungulates</a>, most closely related to <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamidae" title="Hippopotamidae">hippopotamus</a> within the clade <a href="/wiki/Whippomorpha" title="Whippomorpha">Whippomorpha</a>. </p><p>Cetaceans have been extensively <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">hunted</a> for their meat, <a href="/wiki/Blubber" title="Blubber">blubber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whale_oil" title="Whale oil">oil</a> by commercial operations. Although the <a href="/wiki/International_Whaling_Commission" title="International Whaling Commission">International Whaling Commission</a> has agreed on putting a halt to commercial whaling, whale hunting is still going on, either under IWC quotas to assist the subsistence of Arctic native people or in the name of scientific research, although a large spectrum of non-lethal methods are now available to study marine mammals in the wild.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cetaceans also face severe environmental hazards from underwater <a href="/wiki/Noise_pollution#Wildlife" title="Noise pollution">noise pollution</a>, entanglement in abandoned ropes and nets, collisions with ships, plastic and heavy metals build-up, to accelerating <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-wdcs2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdcs2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nowacek2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nowacek2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but how much they are affected varies widely from species to species, from minimally in the case of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_bottlenose_whale" title="Southern bottlenose whale">southern bottlenose whale</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Baiji" title="Baiji">baiji</a> (Chinese river dolphin) which is considered to be functionally extinct due to human activity.<sup id="cite_ref-baiji_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baiji-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Baleen_whales_and_toothed_whales">Baleen whales and toothed whales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Baleen whales and toothed whales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cetacea" title="Special:EditPage/Cetacea">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:133px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eubalaena_glacialis_(North_Atlantic_right_whale)_1_(30986325841).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Eubalaena_glacialis_%28North_Atlantic_right_whale%29_1_%2830986325841%29.jpg/238px-Eubalaena_glacialis_%28North_Atlantic_right_whale%29_1_%2830986325841%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Eubalaena_glacialis_%28North_Atlantic_right_whale%29_1_%2830986325841%29.jpg/357px-Eubalaena_glacialis_%28North_Atlantic_right_whale%29_1_%2830986325841%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Eubalaena_glacialis_%28North_Atlantic_right_whale%29_1_%2830986325841%29.jpg/476px-Eubalaena_glacialis_%28North_Atlantic_right_whale%29_1_%2830986325841%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4004" data-file-height="2253" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Skull of the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_right_whale" title="North Atlantic right whale">North Atlantic right whale</a> (Mysticeti)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:158px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orca_Schaedel_Senckenberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Orca_Schaedel_Senckenberg.jpg/238px-Orca_Schaedel_Senckenberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Orca_Schaedel_Senckenberg.jpg/357px-Orca_Schaedel_Senckenberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Orca_Schaedel_Senckenberg.jpg/476px-Orca_Schaedel_Senckenberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Skull of the <a href="/wiki/Orca" title="Orca">orca</a> (Odontoceti)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The two parvorders, <a href="/wiki/Baleen_whale" title="Baleen whale">baleen whales</a> (Mysticeti) and <a href="/wiki/Toothed_whale" title="Toothed whale">toothed whales</a> (Odontoceti), are thought to have diverged around thirty-four million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baleen whales have bristles made of <a href="/wiki/Keratin" title="Keratin">keratin</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Teeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeth">teeth</a>. The bristles filter <a href="/wiki/Krill" title="Krill">krill</a> and other small <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrates</a> from seawater. <a href="/wiki/Grey_whale" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey whale">Grey whales</a> feed on bottom-dwelling mollusks. <a href="/wiki/Rorqual" title="Rorqual">Rorqual</a> <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> (balaenopterids) use throat pleats to expand their mouths to take in food and sieve out the water.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Balaenidae" title="Balaenidae">Balaenids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Right_whales" class="mw-redirect" title="Right whales">right whales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whales" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowhead whales">bowhead whales</a>) have massive heads that can make up 40% of their body mass. Most mysticetes prefer the food-rich colder waters of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, migrating to the Equator to give birth. During this process, they are capable of fasting for several months, relying on their fat reserves. </p><p>The parvorder of Odontocetes – the toothed whales – include sperm whales, beaked whales, orcas, dolphins and porpoises. Generally their teeth have evolved to catch fish, squid or other <a href="/wiki/Marine_invertebrates" title="Marine invertebrates">marine invertebrates</a>, not for chewing them, so prey is swallowed whole. Teeth are shaped like cones (dolphins and sperm whales), spades (<a href="/wiki/Porpoise" title="Porpoise">porpoises</a>), pegs (<a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">belugas</a>), tusks (<a href="/wiki/Narwhals" class="mw-redirect" title="Narwhals">narwhals</a>) or variable (beaked whale males). Female beaked whales' teeth are hidden in the gums and are not visible, and most male beaked whales have only two short tusks. Narwhals have vestigial teeth other than their tusk, which is present on males and 15% of females and has millions of nerves to sense water temperature, pressure and salinity. A few toothed whales, such as some <a href="/wiki/Orca" title="Orca">orcas</a>, feed on mammals such as <a href="/wiki/Pinnipeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinnipeds">pinnipeds</a> and other whales.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toothed whales have well-developed senses – their eyesight and hearing are adapted for both air and water, and they have advanced <a href="/wiki/Animal_echolocation#Toothed_whales" title="Animal echolocation">sonar capabilities</a> using their <a href="/wiki/Melon_(cetacean)" title="Melon (cetacean)">melon</a>. Their hearing is so well-adapted for both air and water that some blind specimens can survive. Some species, such as sperm whales, are well adapted for diving to great depths. Several species of toothed whales show <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">sexual dimorphism</a>, in which the males differ from the females, usually for purposes of sexual display or aggression.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anatomy">Anatomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Anatomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolphin_Anatomy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Dolphin_Anatomy.svg/330px-Dolphin_Anatomy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Dolphin_Anatomy.svg/500px-Dolphin_Anatomy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Dolphin_Anatomy.svg/960px-Dolphin_Anatomy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2493" data-file-height="1493" /></a><figcaption>Dolphin anatomy</figcaption></figure> <p>Cetacean bodies are generally similar to those of fish, which can be attributed to their lifestyle and the habitat conditions. Their body is well-adapted to their habitat, although they share essential characteristics with other higher mammals (<a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">Eutheria</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They have a streamlined shape, and their forelimbs are <a href="/wiki/Flipper_(anatomy)" title="Flipper (anatomy)">flippers</a>. Almost all have a <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_fin" title="Dorsal fin">dorsal fin</a> on their backs, but this can take on many forms, depending on the species. A few species, such as the <a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">beluga whale</a>, lack them. Both the flipper and the fin are for stabilization and steering in the water.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The male genitals and the mammary glands of females are sunken into the body.<sup id="cite_ref-Thewissen2013_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thewissen2013-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Miller2007_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller2007-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The male genitals are attached to a vestigial <a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">pelvis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The body is wrapped in a thick layer of fat, known as <a href="/wiki/Blubber" title="Blubber">blubber</a>. This provides <a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">thermal insulation</a> and gives cetaceans their smooth, streamlined body shape. In larger species, it can reach a thickness up to one-half meter (1.6 feet).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">Sexual dimorphism</a> evolved in many toothed whales. Sperm whales, <a href="/wiki/Narwhal" title="Narwhal">narwhals</a>, many members of the <a href="/wiki/Beaked_whale" title="Beaked whale">beaked whale</a> family, several species of the <a href="/wiki/Porpoise" title="Porpoise">porpoise</a> family, orcas, <a href="/wiki/Pilot_whale" title="Pilot whale">pilot whales</a>, eastern <a href="/wiki/Spinner_dolphin" title="Spinner dolphin">spinner dolphins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_right_whale_dolphin" title="Northern right whale dolphin">northern right whale dolphins</a> show this characteristic.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Males in these species developed external features absent in females that are advantageous in combat or display. For example, male sperm whales are up to 63% percent larger than females, and many beaked whales possess tusks used in competition among males.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hind legs are not present in cetaceans, nor are any other external body attachments such as a <a href="/wiki/Pinna_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinna (anatomy)">pinna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hair" title="Hair">hair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Head">Head</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Head"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:194px;max-width:194px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:127px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beluga_premier.gov.ru-1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Beluga_premier.gov.ru-1.jpeg/250px-Beluga_premier.gov.ru-1.jpeg" decoding="async" width="192" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Beluga_premier.gov.ru-1.jpeg/330px-Beluga_premier.gov.ru-1.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Beluga_premier.gov.ru-1.jpeg/500px-Beluga_premier.gov.ru-1.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1330" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Head profile of a <a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">beluga whale</a>, featuring the large "melon" region</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:194px;max-width:194px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:127px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SBNMS_-_feeding_humpback_whale_(31319806616).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/SBNMS_-_feeding_humpback_whale_%2831319806616%29.jpg/192px-SBNMS_-_feeding_humpback_whale_%2831319806616%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/SBNMS_-_feeding_humpback_whale_%2831319806616%29.jpg/288px-SBNMS_-_feeding_humpback_whale_%2831319806616%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/SBNMS_-_feeding_humpback_whale_%2831319806616%29.jpg/384px-SBNMS_-_feeding_humpback_whale_%2831319806616%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Close up of a feeding <a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">humpback whale</a>, showing baleen</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Whales have an elongated head, especially <a href="/wiki/Baleen_whales" class="mw-redirect" title="Baleen whales">baleen whales</a>, due to the wide overhanging jaw. Bowhead whale plates can be 9 metres (30 ft) long. Their nostril(s) make up the <a href="/wiki/Blowhole_(anatomy)" title="Blowhole (anatomy)">blowhole</a>, with one in toothed whales and two in baleen whales.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The nostrils are located on top of the head above the eyes so that the rest of the body can remain submerged while surfacing for air. The back of the skull is significantly shortened and deformed. By shifting the nostrils to the top of the head, the nasal passages extend perpendicularly through the skull.<sup id="cite_ref-Klima1999_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klima1999-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The teeth or baleen in the upper jaw sit exclusively on the <a href="/wiki/Maxilla" title="Maxilla">maxilla</a>. The braincase is concentrated through the nasal passage to the front and is correspondingly higher, with individual cranial bones that overlap.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In toothed whales, connective tissue exists in the <a href="/wiki/Melon_(cetacean)" title="Melon (cetacean)">melon</a> as a head buckle. This is filled with air sacs and fat that aid in buoyancy and <a href="/wiki/Biosonar" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosonar">biosonar</a>. The sperm whale has a particularly pronounced melon; this is called the <a href="/wiki/Spermaceti_organ" title="Spermaceti organ">spermaceti organ</a> and contains the eponymous <a href="/wiki/Spermaceti" title="Spermaceti">spermaceti</a>, hence the name "sperm whale". Even the long tusk of the narwhal is a vice-formed tooth. In many toothed whales, the depression in their skull is due to the formation of a large melon and multiple, asymmetric air bags.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/River_dolphin" title="River dolphin">River dolphins</a>, unlike most other cetaceans, can turn their head 90°. Most other cetaceans have fused neck vertebrae and are unable to turn their head at all.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Baleen" title="Baleen">baleen</a> of baleen whales consists of long, fibrous strands of keratin. Located in place of the teeth, it has the appearance of a huge fringe and is used to sieve the water for <a href="/wiki/Plankton" title="Plankton">plankton</a> and krill.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brain">Brain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Brain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Preserved_sperm_whale_brain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Preserved_sperm_whale_brain.jpg/220px-Preserved_sperm_whale_brain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Preserved_sperm_whale_brain.jpg/330px-Preserved_sperm_whale_brain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Preserved_sperm_whale_brain.jpg/440px-Preserved_sperm_whale_brain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>Brain of the <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">sperm whale</a>, considered the largest brain in the world</figcaption></figure> <p>Sperm whales have the largest brain mass of any animal on Earth, averaging 8,000 cm<sup>3</sup> (490 in<sup>3</sup>) and 7.8 kg (17 lb) in mature males.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Brain_to_body_mass_ratio" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain to body mass ratio">brain to body mass ratio</a> in some odontocetes, such as belugas and narwhals, is second only to humans.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some whales, however, it is less than half that of humans: 0.9% versus 2.1%.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In cetaceans, evolution in the water has caused changes to the head that have modified brain shape such that the brain folds around the insula and expands more laterally than in terrestrial mammals. As a result, the cetacean prefrontal cortex (compared to that in humans) rather than frontal is laterally positioned.<sup id="cite_ref-Gerussi_Graïc_Peruffo_Behroozi_2023_pp._1963–1976_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gerussi_Graïc_Peruffo_Behroozi_2023_pp._1963–1976-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brain_size" title="Brain size">Brain size</a> was previously considered a major indicator of <a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">intelligence</a>. Since most of the brain is used for maintaining bodily functions, greater ratios of brain to body mass may increase the amount of brain mass available for cognitive tasks. <a href="/wiki/Allometric" class="mw-redirect" title="Allometric">Allometric</a> analysis of the relationship between mammalian brain mass (weight) and body mass for different species of mammals shows that larger species generally have larger brains. However, this increase is not fully proportional. Typically the brain mass only increases in proportion to somewhere between the two-thirds power (or the square of the cube root) and the three-quarters power (or the cube of the fourth root) of the body mass. <big><i>m</i><sub><i>brain</i></sub> ∝ (<i>m</i><sub><i>body</i></sub>)<sup><i>k</i></sup></big> where <i>k</i> is between two-thirds and three-quarters. Thus if Species B is twice the size of Species A, its brain size will typically be somewhere between 60% and 70% higher.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comparison of a particular animal's brain size with the expected brain size based on such an analysis provides an <a href="/wiki/Encephalization_quotient" title="Encephalization quotient">encephalization quotient</a> that can be used as an indication of animal intelligence.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Neocortex" title="Neocortex">neocortex</a> of many cetaceans is home to elongated <a href="/wiki/Spindle_neurons" class="mw-redirect" title="Spindle neurons">spindle neurons</a> that, prior to 2019, were known only in <a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">hominids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In humans, these cells are thought to be involved in social conduct, emotions, judgment and theory of mind.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cetacean <a href="/wiki/Spindle_neuron" class="mw-redirect" title="Spindle neuron">spindle neurons</a> are found in areas of the brain homologous to where they are found in humans, suggesting they perform a similar function.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skeleton">Skeleton</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Skeleton"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cetacea" title="Special:EditPage/Cetacea">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whales_skeletal_system_comparison.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Whales_skeletal_system_comparison.png/370px-Whales_skeletal_system_comparison.png" decoding="async" width="370" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Whales_skeletal_system_comparison.png/555px-Whales_skeletal_system_comparison.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Whales_skeletal_system_comparison.png/740px-Whales_skeletal_system_comparison.png 2x" data-file-width="2252" data-file-height="1332" /></a><figcaption>Diagram featuring the typical skeletal of a toothed whale (top) and a baleen whale (bottom)</figcaption></figure> <p>The cetacean skeleton is largely made up of <a href="/wiki/Cortical_bone" class="mw-redirect" title="Cortical bone">cortical bone</a>, which stabilizes the animal in the water. For this reason, the usual terrestrial compact bones, which are finely woven <a href="/wiki/Cancellous_bone" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancellous bone">cancellous bone</a>, are replaced with lighter and more elastic material. In many places, bone elements are replaced by cartilage and even fat, thereby improving their <a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrostatic">hydrostatic</a> qualities. The ear and the muzzle contain a bone shape that is exclusive to cetaceans with a high density, resembling <a href="/wiki/Porcelain" title="Porcelain">porcelain</a>. This conducts sound better than other bones, thus aiding <a href="/wiki/Biosonar" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosonar">biosonar</a>. </p><p>The number of <a href="/wiki/Vertebrae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrae">vertebrae</a> that make up the spine varies by species, ranging from forty to ninety-three. The <a href="/wiki/Cervical_spine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cervical spine">cervical spine</a>, found in all mammals, consists of seven vertebrae which, however, are reduced or fused. This fusion provides stability during swimming at the expense of mobility. The fins are carried by the <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_vertebrae" title="Thoracic vertebrae">thoracic vertebrae</a>, ranging from nine to seventeen individual vertebrae. The <a href="/wiki/Sternum" title="Sternum">sternum</a> is cartilaginous. The last two to three pairs of ribs are not connected and hang freely in the body wall. The stable lumbar and tail include the other vertebrae. Below the <a href="/wiki/Caudal_vertebrae" title="Caudal vertebrae">caudal vertebrae</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Chevron_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevron (anatomy)">chevron bone</a>. </p><p>The front limbs are paddle-shaped with shortened arms and elongated finger bones, to support movement. They are connected by cartilage. The second and third fingers display a proliferation of the finger members, a so-called hyperphalangy. The shoulder joint is the only functional joint in all cetaceans except for the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_river_dolphin" title="Amazon river dolphin">Amazon river dolphin</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Collarbone" class="mw-redirect" title="Collarbone">collarbone</a> is completely absent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fluke">Fluke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fluke"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Humpback_whale_fluke_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Humpback_whale_fluke_%282%29.jpg/260px-Humpback_whale_fluke_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Humpback_whale_fluke_%282%29.jpg/390px-Humpback_whale_fluke_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Humpback_whale_fluke_%282%29.jpg/520px-Humpback_whale_fluke_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Humpback whale fluke</figcaption></figure> <p>Cetaceans have a <a href="/wiki/Cartilage" title="Cartilage">cartilaginous</a> fluke at the end of their tails that is used for propulsion. The <a href="/wiki/Tail_fluke" class="mw-redirect" title="Tail fluke">fluke</a> is set horizontally on the body and used with vertical movements, unlike fish and ichthyosaurs, which have vertical tails which move horizontally.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physiology">Physiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Physiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Circulation">Circulation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Circulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cetaceans have powerful hearts. Blood oxygen is distributed effectively throughout the body. They are warm-blooded, i.e., they hold a nearly constant body temperature.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Respiration">Respiration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Respiration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cetacea" title="Special:EditPage/Cetacea">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Cetaceans have lungs, meaning they breathe air. An individual can last without a breath from a few minutes to over two hours depending on the species. Cetacea are deliberate breathers who must be awake to inhale and exhale. When stale air, warmed from the lungs, is exhaled, it condenses as it meets colder external air. As with a terrestrial mammal breathing out on a cold day, a small cloud of 'steam' appears. This is called the 'spout' and varies across species in shape, angle and height. Species can be identified at a distance using this characteristic. </p><p>The structure of the <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_system" title="Respiratory system">respiratory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">circulatory systems</a> is of particular importance for the life of <a href="/wiki/Marine_mammals" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine mammals">marine mammals</a>. The oxygen balance is effective. Each breath can replace up to 90% of the total lung volume. For land mammals, in comparison, this value is usually about 15%. During inhalation, about twice as much oxygen is absorbed by the lung tissue as in a land mammal. As with all mammals, the oxygen is stored in the blood and the lungs, but in cetaceans, it is also stored in various tissues, mainly in the muscles. The muscle pigment, <a href="/wiki/Myoglobin" title="Myoglobin">myoglobin</a>, provides an effective bond. This additional oxygen storage is vital for deep diving, since beyond a depth around 100 m (330 ft), the lung tissue is almost completely compressed by the water pressure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abdominal_organs">Abdominal organs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Abdominal organs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The stomach consists of three chambers. The first region is formed by a loose gland and a muscular forestomach (missing in beaked whales); this is followed by the main stomach and the <a href="/wiki/Pylorus" title="Pylorus">pylorus</a>. Both are equipped with glands to help digestion. A bowel adjoins the stomachs, whose individual sections can only be distinguished <a href="/wiki/Histology" title="Histology">histologically</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> is large and separate from the <a href="/wiki/Gall_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Gall bladder">gall bladder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The kidneys are long and flattened. The salt concentration in cetacean blood is lower than that in seawater, requiring kidneys to excrete salt. This allows the animals to drink seawater.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Urinary_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary bladder">urinary bladder</a> is proportionally smaller in cetaceans than in land mammals.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter2015_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter2015-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Testicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Testicles">testes</a> are located internally, without an external <a href="/wiki/Scrotum" title="Scrotum">scrotum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WürsigThewissen2017_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WürsigThewissen2017-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rommel2007_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rommel2007-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rommel1998_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rommel1998-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pabst,_D._Ann_1998_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pabst,_D._Ann_1998-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The uterus is <a href="/wiki/Uterus#Other_animals" title="Uterus">bicornuate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rommel2007_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rommel2007-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senses">Senses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Senses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vision">Vision</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Vision"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Monochromacy" title="Monochromacy">Monochromacy</a></div> <p>Cetacean eyes are set on the sides rather than the front of the head. This means only species with pointed 'beaks' (such as dolphins) have good <a href="/wiki/Binocular_vision" title="Binocular vision">binocular vision</a> forward and downward. <a href="/wiki/Lacrimal_gland" title="Lacrimal gland">Tear glands</a> secrete greasy tears, which protect the eyes from the salt in the water. The lens is almost spherical, which is most efficient at focusing the minimal light that reaches deep water.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2025)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chemical_senses">Chemical senses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Chemical senses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Odontocetes have little to no ability to taste or smell, while mysticetes are believed to have some ability to smell because of their reduced, but functional <a href="/wiki/Olfactory_system" title="Olfactory system">olfactory system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Electroreception">Electroreception</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Electroreception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At least one species, the <a href="/wiki/Tucuxi" title="Tucuxi">tucuxi</a> or Guiana dolphin, is able to use <a href="/wiki/Electroreception" class="mw-redirect" title="Electroreception">electroreception</a> to sense prey.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ears">Ears</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ears"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cetaceans are known to possess excellent hearing.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delfinekko.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Delfinekko.gif/260px-Delfinekko.gif" decoding="async" width="260" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Delfinekko.gif/390px-Delfinekko.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Delfinekko.gif 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="154" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Biosonar" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosonar">Biosonar</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>The external ear has lost the <a href="/wiki/Pinna_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinna (anatomy)">pinna</a> (visible ear), but still retains a narrow <a href="/wiki/Ear_canal" title="Ear canal">ear canal</a>. The three small bones or <a href="/wiki/Ossicles" title="Ossicles">ossicles</a> that transmit sound within each ear are <a href="/wiki/Pachyosteosclerosis" title="Pachyosteosclerosis">dense and compact</a>, and differently shaped from those of land mammals. The semicircular canals are much smaller relative to body size than in other mammals.<sup id="cite_ref-Thewissen-Hearing_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thewissen-Hearing-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A bony structure of the middle and inner ear, the <a href="/wiki/Auditory_bulla" class="mw-redirect" title="Auditory bulla">auditory bulla</a>, is composed of two compact and dense bones (the periotic and tympanic). It is housed in a cavity in the middle ear; in the Odontoceti (apart from in the <a href="/wiki/Physeteroidea" title="Physeteroidea">physeterids</a>, this cavity is filled with dense foam<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2025)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and completely surrounds the bulla, which is connected to the skull only by ligaments. This may isolate the ear from sounds transmitted through the bones of the skull, something that also happens in <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cetaceans use sound to <a href="/wiki/Communication" title="Communication">communicate</a>, using groans, moans, whistles, clicks or the 'singing' of the humpback whale.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Echolocation">Echolocation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Echolocation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Odontoceti" class="mw-redirect" title="Odontoceti">Odontoceti</a> are generally capable of <a href="/wiki/Animal_echolocation" title="Animal echolocation">echolocation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-emm_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emm-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They can discern the size, shape, surface characteristics, distance and movement of an object. They can search for, chase and catch fast-swimming prey in total darkness. Most Odontoceti can distinguish between prey and nonprey (such as humans or boats); captive Odontoceti can be trained to distinguish between, for example, balls of different sizes or shapes. Echolocation clicks also contain characteristic details unique to each animal, which may suggest that toothed whales can discern between their own click and that of others.<sup id="cite_ref-Obaldia2015Estimating_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obaldia2015Estimating-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While differences in ear structure associated with echolocating abilities are found amongst Cetacea, cranial asymmetry has also been found to be a factor in the ability to produce sounds used in echolocation. Mysticeti, who don't have the ability to echolocate, possess general symmetry of the skull and facial region, while Odontoceti display a nasofacial asymmetry that is linked to their echolocating abilities.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Differences in the level of asymmetry also seem to correlate with differences in the types of sounds produced.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mysticeti have exceptionally thin, wide basilar membranes in their <a href="/wiki/Cochlea" title="Cochlea">cochleae</a> without stiffening agents, making their ears adapted for processing low to <a href="/wiki/Infrasonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrasonic">infrasonic</a> frequencies.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chromosomes">Chromosomes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Chromosomes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The initial <a href="/wiki/Karyotype" title="Karyotype">karyotype</a> includes a set of <a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosomes</a> from 2n = 44. They have four pairs of telocentric chromosomes (whose <a href="/wiki/Centromeres" class="mw-redirect" title="Centromeres">centromeres</a> sit at one of the <a href="/wiki/Telomeres" class="mw-redirect" title="Telomeres">telomeres</a>), two to four pairs of subtelocentric and one or two large pairs of submetacentric chromosomes. The remaining chromosomes are metacentric—the centromere is approximately in the middle—and are rather small. All cetaceans have chromosomes 2n = 44, except the <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">sperm whales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pygmy_sperm_whale" title="Pygmy sperm whale">pygmy sperm whales</a>, which have 2n = 42.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Range_and_habitat">Range and habitat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Range and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cetaceans_of_the_Caribbean" title="Cetaceans of the Caribbean">Cetaceans of the Caribbean</a></div> <p>Cetaceans are found in many aquatic habitats. While many marine species, such as the <a href="/wiki/Blue_whale" title="Blue whale">blue whale</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">humpback whale</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Orca" title="Orca">orca</a>, have a distribution area that includes nearly the entire ocean, some species occur only locally or in broken populations. These include the <a href="/wiki/Vaquita" title="Vaquita">vaquita</a>, which inhabits a small part of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hector%27s_dolphin" title="Hector's dolphin">Hector's dolphin</a>, which lives in some coastal waters in New Zealand. Most <a href="/wiki/River_dolphin" title="River dolphin">river dolphin</a> species live exclusively in fresh water.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassens2000_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassens2000-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many species inhabit specific latitudes, often in tropical or subtropical waters, such as <a href="/wiki/Bryde%27s_whale" title="Bryde's whale">Bryde's whale</a> or <a href="/wiki/Risso%27s_dolphin" title="Risso's dolphin">Risso's dolphin</a>. Others are found only in a specific body of water. The <a href="/wiki/Southern_right_whale_dolphin" title="Southern right whale dolphin">southern right whale dolphin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hourglass_dolphin" title="Hourglass dolphin">hourglass dolphin</a> live only in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Southern Ocean</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Narwhal" title="Narwhal">narwhal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">beluga</a> live only in the Arctic Ocean. <a href="/wiki/Sowerby%27s_beaked_whale" title="Sowerby's beaked whale">Sowerby's beaked whale</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Clymene_dolphin" title="Clymene dolphin">Clymene dolphin</a> exist only in the Atlantic and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_white-sided_dolphin" title="Pacific white-sided dolphin">Pacific white-sided dolphin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lissodelphis_borealis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lissodelphis borealis">northern straight dolphin</a> live only in the North Pacific.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Cosmopolitan species may be found in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. However, northern and southern populations become genetically separated over time. In some species, this separation leads eventually to a divergence of the species, such as produced the <a href="/wiki/Southern_right_whale" title="Southern right whale">southern right whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Pacific_right_whale" title="North Pacific right whale">North Pacific right whale</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_right_whale" title="North Atlantic right whale">North Atlantic right whale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Migratory species' reproductive sites often lie in the tropics and their feeding grounds in polar regions. </p><p>Thirty-two species are found in European waters, including twenty-five toothed and seven baleen species.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whale_migration">Whale migration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Whale migration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many species of whales migrate on a latitudinal basis to move between seasonal habitats. For example, the gray whale migrates 10,000 miles (16,000 km) round trip. The journey begins at winter birthing grounds in warm lagoons along Baja California, and traverses 5,000–7,000 miles (8,000–11,300 km) of coastline to summer feeding grounds in the Bering, Chuckchi and Beaufort seas off the coast of Alaska.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behaviour">Behaviour</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Behaviour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sleep">Sleep</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sleep"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conscious breathing cetaceans <a href="/wiki/Sleep" title="Sleep">sleep</a> but cannot afford to be <a href="/wiki/Unconsciousness" title="Unconsciousness">unconscious</a> for long, because they may <a href="/wiki/Drowning" title="Drowning">drown</a>. While knowledge of sleep in wild cetaceans is limited, toothed cetaceans in captivity have been recorded to exhibit <a href="/wiki/Unihemispheric_slow-wave_sleep" title="Unihemispheric slow-wave sleep">unihemispheric slow-wave sleep</a> (USWS), which means they sleep with one <a href="/wiki/Brain_hemisphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain hemisphere">side of their brain</a> at a time, so that they may swim, breathe consciously and avoid both predators and social contact during their period of rest.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2008 study found that sperm whales sleep in vertical postures just under the surface in passive shallow 'drift-dives', generally during the day, during which whales do not respond to passing vessels unless they are in contact, leading to the suggestion that whales possibly sleep during such dives.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diving">Diving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Diving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Physiology_of_underwater_diving#Mammals" title="Physiology of underwater diving">Physiology of underwater diving § Mammals</a></div> <p>While diving, the animals reduce their oxygen consumption by lowering the heart activity and blood circulation; individual organs receive no oxygen during this time. Some <a href="/wiki/Rorqual" title="Rorqual">rorquals</a> can dive for up to 40 minutes, <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whales" class="mw-redirect" title="Sperm whales">sperm whales</a> between 60 and 90 minutes and <a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_whale" title="Bottlenose whale">bottlenose whales</a> for two hours. Diving depths average about 100 m (330 ft). Species such as sperm whales can dive to 3,000 m (9,800 ft), although more commonly 1,200 metres (3,900 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_relations">Social relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Social relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most cetaceans are social animals, although a few species live in pairs or are solitary. A group, known as a pod, usually consists of ten to fifty animals, but on occasion, such as mass availability of food or during mating season, groups may encompass more than one thousand individuals. Inter-species socialization can occur.<sup id="cite_ref-mann_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mann-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pods have a fixed hierarchy, with the priority positions determined by biting, pushing or ramming. The behavior in the group is aggressive only in situations of stress such as lack of food, but usually it is peaceful. Contact swimming, mutual fondling and nudging are common. The playful behavior of the animals, which is manifested in air jumps, somersaults, surfing, or fin hitting, occurs more often than not in smaller cetaceans, such as dolphins and porpoises.<sup id="cite_ref-mann_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mann-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whale_song">Whale song</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Whale song"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Males in some baleen species communicate via <a href="/wiki/Whale_vocalization" title="Whale vocalization">whale song</a>, sequences of high pitched sounds. These "songs" can be heard for hundreds of kilometers. Each population generally shares a distinct song, which evolves over time. Sometimes, an individual can be identified by its distinctive vocals, such as the <a href="/wiki/52-hertz_whale" title="52-hertz whale">52-hertz whale</a> that sings at a higher frequency than other whales. Some individuals are capable of generating over 600 distinct sounds.<sup id="cite_ref-mann_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mann-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In baleen species such as humpbacks, blues and fins, male-specific song is believed to be used to attract and display fitness to females.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hunting">Hunting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Hunting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pod groups also hunt, often with other species. Many species of dolphins accompany large tunas on hunting expeditions, following large schools of fish. The orca hunts in pods and targets belugas and even larger whales. Humpback whales, among others, form in collaboration <a href="/wiki/Bubble_net" class="mw-redirect" title="Bubble net">bubble carpets</a> to herd krill or plankton into bait balls before lunging at them.<sup id="cite_ref-mann_63-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mann-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intelligence">Intelligence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Intelligence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cetacean_intelligence" title="Cetacean intelligence">Cetacean intelligence</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whales_Bubble_Net_Feeding-edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Whales_Bubble_Net_Feeding-edit1.jpg/220px-Whales_Bubble_Net_Feeding-edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Whales_Bubble_Net_Feeding-edit1.jpg/330px-Whales_Bubble_Net_Feeding-edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Whales_Bubble_Net_Feeding-edit1.jpg/440px-Whales_Bubble_Net_Feeding-edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="1319" /></a><figcaption>Bubble net feeding</figcaption></figure> <p>Cetacea are known to teach, learn, cooperate, scheme and grieve.<sup id="cite_ref-wwwu_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwwu-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smaller cetaceans, such as dolphins and porpoises, engage in complex play behavior, including such things as producing stable underwater <a href="/wiki/Toroid" title="Toroid">toroidal</a> air-core <a href="/wiki/Vortex" title="Vortex">vortex</a> rings or "<a href="/wiki/Bubble_ring" title="Bubble ring">bubble rings</a>". The two main methods of bubble ring production are rapid puffing of air into the water and allowing it to rise to the surface, forming a ring, or swimming repeatedly in a circle and then stopping to inject air into the <a href="/wiki/Helix" title="Helix">helical</a> vortex currents thus formed. They also appear to enjoy biting the vortex rings, so that they burst into many separate bubbles and then rise quickly to the surface. Whales produce bubble nets to aid in herding prey.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orca_porpoising.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Orca_porpoising.jpg/220px-Orca_porpoising.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Orca_porpoising.jpg/330px-Orca_porpoising.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Orca_porpoising.jpg/440px-Orca_porpoising.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption>Killer whale <a href="/wiki/Cetacean_surfacing_behaviour#Porpoising" title="Cetacean surfacing behaviour">porpoising</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Larger whales are also thought to engage in play. The southern right whale elevates its tail fluke above the water, remaining in the same position for a considerable time. This is known as "sailing". It appears to be a form of play and is most commonly seen off the coast of Argentina and South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humpback whales also display this behaviour.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Self-awareness" title="Self-awareness">Self-awareness</a> appears to be a sign of abstract thinking. Self-awareness, although not well-defined, is believed to be a precursor to more advanced processes such as <a href="/wiki/Metacognition" title="Metacognition">metacognitive reasoning</a> (thinking about thinking) that humans exploit. Dolphins appear to possess self-awareness.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most widely used test for self-awareness in animals is the <a href="/wiki/Mirror_test" title="Mirror test">mirror test</a>, in which a temporary dye is placed on an animal's body and the animal is then presented with a mirror. Researchers then explore whether the animal shows signs of self-recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-Mirror_test_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mirror_test-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Critics claim that the results of these tests are susceptible to the <a href="/wiki/Clever_Hans" title="Clever Hans">Clever Hans</a> effect. This test is much less definitive than when used for <a href="/wiki/Primates" class="mw-redirect" title="Primates">primates</a>. Primates can touch the mark or the mirror, while dolphins cannot, making their alleged self-recognition behavior less certain. Skeptics argue that behaviors said to identify self-awareness resemble existing social behaviors, so researchers could be misinterpreting self-awareness for social responses. Advocates counter that the behaviors are different from normal responses to another individual. Dolphins show less definitive behavior of self-awareness, because they have no pointing ability.<sup id="cite_ref-Mirror_test_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mirror_test-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, Marten and Psarakos used video to test dolphin self-awareness.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They showed dolphins real-time footage of themselves, recorded footage and another dolphin. They concluded that their evidence suggested self-awareness rather than social behavior. While this particular study has not been replicated, dolphins later "passed" the mirror test.<sup id="cite_ref-Mirror_test_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mirror_test-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decision-making">Decision-making</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Decision-making"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Collective decisions are an important part of life as a cetacean for the many species that spend time in groups (whether these be temporary such as the fission-fusion dynamics of many smaller dolphin species or long-term stable associations as are seen in killer whale and sperm whale matrilines).<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Little is known about how these decisions work, though studies have found evidence messy consensus decisions in groups of sperm whales and leadership in other species like bottlenose dolphins and killer whales.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_history">Life history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Life history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproduction_and_brooding">Reproduction and brooding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Reproduction and brooding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most cetaceans sexually mature at seven to 10 years. An exception to this is the <a href="/wiki/La_Plata_dolphin" title="La Plata dolphin">La Plata dolphin</a>, which is sexually mature at two years, but lives only to about 20. The sperm whale reaches sexual maturity within about 20 years and has a lifespan between 50 and 100 years.<sup id="cite_ref-mann_63-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mann-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For most species, reproduction is seasonal. <a href="/wiki/Ovulation" title="Ovulation">Ovulation</a> coincides with male <a href="/wiki/Fertility" title="Fertility">fertility</a>. This cycle is usually coupled with seasonal movements that can be observed in many species. Most toothed whales have no fixed bonds. In many species, females choose several partners during a season. Baleen whales are largely <a href="/wiki/Monogamy_in_animals" title="Monogamy in animals">monogamous</a> within each reproductive period.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Gestation ranges from 9 to 16 months. Duration is not necessarily a function of size. Porpoises and blue whales gestate for about 11 months. As with all mammals other than marsupials and monotremes, the embryo is fed by the <a href="/wiki/Placenta" title="Placenta">placenta</a>, an organ that draws nutrients from the mother's bloodstream. Mammals without placentas either lay minuscule eggs (monotremes) or bear minuscule offspring (marsupials).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Cetaceans usually bear one calf. In the case of twins, one usually dies, because the mother cannot produce sufficient milk for both. In modern cetaceans, the fetus is usually positioned for a tail-first delivery. Contrary to popular belief, this is not to minimize the risk of drowning during delivery. More likely it has to do with the mechanics of birthing and the shape of the fetus.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After birth, the mother carries the infant to the surface for its first breath. At birth, they are about one-third of their adult length and tend to be independently active, comparable to terrestrial <a href="/wiki/Mammals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammals">mammals</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suckling">Suckling</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Suckling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like other placental mammals, cetaceans give birth to well-developed calves and nurse them with milk from their <a href="/wiki/Mammary_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammary glands">mammary glands</a>. When suckling, the mother actively splashes milk into the mouth of the calf, using the muscles of her mammary glands, as the calf has no lips. This milk usually has a high-fat content, ranging from 16 to 46%, causing the calf to increase rapidly in size and weight.<sup id="cite_ref-mann_63-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mann-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In many small cetaceans, suckling lasts for about four months. In large species, it lasts for over a year and involves a strong bond between mother and offspring.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In several species of both whales and dolphins, <a href="/wiki/Alloparenting" title="Alloparenting">alloparenting</a> has been observed.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This reproductive strategy provides a few offspring that have a high survival rate.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lifespan">Lifespan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Lifespan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among cetaceans, whales are distinguished by an unusual longevity compared to other higher mammals. Some species, such as the <a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whale" title="Bowhead whale">bowhead whale</a> (<i>Balaena mysticetus</i>), can reach over 200 years. Based on the annual rings of the bony <a href="/wiki/Otic_capsule" class="mw-redirect" title="Otic capsule">otic capsule</a>, the age of the oldest known specimen is a male determined to be 211 years at the time of death.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Whale_fall" title="Whale fall">Whale fall</a></div> <p>Upon death, whale carcasses fall to the deep ocean and provide a substantial habitat for marine life. Evidence of whale falls in present-day and fossil records shows that deep-sea whale falls support a rich assemblage of creatures, with a global diversity of 407 species, comparable to other <a href="/wiki/Neritic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neritic">neritic</a> biodiversity hotspots, such as <a href="/wiki/Cold_seep" title="Cold seep">cold seeps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent" title="Hydrothermal vent">hydrothermal vents</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith&Baco2003_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith&Baco2003-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Deterioration of whale carcasses happens through three stages. Initially, organisms such as <a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">sharks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hagfish" title="Hagfish">hagfish</a> scavenge the soft tissues at a rapid rate over a period of months and as long as two years. This is followed by the colonization of bones and surrounding sediments (which contain organic matter) by enrichment opportunists, such as <a href="/wiki/Crustaceans" class="mw-redirect" title="Crustaceans">crustaceans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polychaetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Polychaetes">polychaetes</a>, throughout a period of years. Finally, sulfophilic bacteria reduce the bones releasing <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide" title="Hydrogen sulfide">hydrogen sulfide</a> enabling the growth of <a href="/wiki/Chemoautotrophic" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemoautotrophic">chemoautotrophic</a> organisms, which in turn, support organisms such as mussels, clams, limpets and sea snails. This stage may last for decades and supports a rich assemblage of species, averaging 185 per site.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith&Baco2003_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith&Baco2003-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disease">Disease</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Disease"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Brucellosis" title="Brucellosis">Brucellosis</a> affects almost all mammals. It is distributed worldwide, while fishing and pollution have caused porpoise population density pockets, which risks further infection and disease spreading. <i><a href="/wiki/Brucella_ceti" title="Brucella ceti">Brucella ceti</a></i>, most prevalent in dolphins, has been shown to cause <a href="/wiki/Chronic_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronic disease">chronic disease</a>, increasing the chance of failed birth and <a href="/wiki/Miscarriage" title="Miscarriage">miscarriages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Male_infertility" title="Male infertility">male infertility</a>, neurobrucellosis, <a href="/wiki/Cardiopathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiopathy">cardiopathies</a>, bone and skin <a href="/wiki/Lesion" title="Lesion">lesions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cetacean_stranding" title="Cetacean stranding">strandings</a> and death. Until 2008, no case had ever been reported in porpoises, but isolated populations have an increased risk and consequentially a high mortality rate.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_cetaceans" title="Evolution of cetaceans">Evolution of cetaceans</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fossil_history">Fossil history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Fossil history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Origins">Origins</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The direct ancestors of today's cetaceans are probably found within the <a href="/wiki/Dorudontidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorudontidae">Dorudontidae</a> whose most famous member, <i><a href="/wiki/Dorudon" title="Dorudon">Dorudon</a></i>, lived at the same time as <i><a href="/wiki/Basilosaurus" title="Basilosaurus">Basilosaurus</a></i>. Both groups had already developed some of the typical anatomical features of today's whales, such as the fixed bulla, which replaces the mammalian <a href="/wiki/Eardrum" title="Eardrum">eardrum</a>, as well as sound-conducting elements for submerged directional hearing. Their wrists were stiffened and probably contributed to the typical build of flippers. The hind legs existed, however, but were significantly reduced in size and with a vestigial pelvis connection.<sup id="cite_ref-Thewissen_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thewissen-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transition_from_land_to_sea">Transition from land to sea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Transition from land to sea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adult_female_and_fetal_Maiacetus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Adult_female_and_fetal_Maiacetus.jpg/220px-Adult_female_and_fetal_Maiacetus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Adult_female_and_fetal_Maiacetus.jpg/330px-Adult_female_and_fetal_Maiacetus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Adult_female_and_fetal_Maiacetus.jpg/440px-Adult_female_and_fetal_Maiacetus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2067" data-file-height="1309" /></a><figcaption>Fossil of a <i>Maiacetus</i> (red, beige skull) with fetus (blue, red teeth) shortly before the end of gestation <sup id="cite_ref-Gingerich_PD_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gingerich_PD-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The fossil record traces the gradual transition from terrestrial to aquatic life. The regression of the hind limbs allowed greater flexibility of the spine. This made it possible for whales to move around with the vertical tail hitting the water. The front legs transformed into flippers, costing them their mobility on land.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the oldest members of ancient cetaceans (<a href="/wiki/Archaeoceti" title="Archaeoceti">Archaeoceti</a>) is <i><a href="/wiki/Pakicetus" title="Pakicetus">Pakicetus</a></i> from the Middle Eocene of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. This is an animal the size of a wolf, whose skeleton is known only partially. It had functioning legs and lived near the shore. This suggests the animal could still move on land. The long snout had <a href="/wiki/Carnivore" title="Carnivore">carnivorous</a> dentition.<sup id="cite_ref-Thewissen_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thewissen-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The transition from land to sea dates to about 49 million years ago, with the <i><a href="/wiki/Ambulocetus" title="Ambulocetus">Ambulocetus</a></i> ("running whale"), also discovered in Pakistan. It was up to 3 m (9.8 ft) long. The limbs of this archaeocete were leg-like, but it was already fully aquatic, indicating that a switch to a lifestyle independent from land happened extraordinarily quickly.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The snout was elongated with overhead nostrils and eyes. The tail was strong and supported movement through water. <i>Ambulocetus</i> probably lived in mangroves in <a href="/wiki/Brackish_water" title="Brackish water">brackish water</a> and fed in the <a href="/wiki/Riparian_zone" title="Riparian zone">riparian zone</a> as a predator of fish and other vertebrates.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dating from about 45 million years ago are species such as <i><a href="/wiki/Indocetus" title="Indocetus">Indocetus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kutchicetus" title="Kutchicetus">Kutchicetus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rodhocetus" title="Rodhocetus">Rodhocetus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Andrewsiphius" title="Andrewsiphius">Andrewsiphius</a></i>, all of which were adapted to life in water. The hind limbs of these species were regressed and their body shapes resemble modern whales. <a href="/wiki/Protocetidae" title="Protocetidae">Protocetidae</a> family member <i>Rodhocetus</i> is considered the first to be fully aquatic. The body was streamlined and delicate with extended hand and foot bones. The merged pelvic <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_spine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar spine">lumbar spine</a> was present, making it possible to support the floating movement of the tail. It was likely a good swimmer, but could probably move only clumsily on land, much like a modern <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thewissen_80-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thewissen-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Marine_animals">Marine animals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Marine animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the late Eocene, about 40 million years ago, cetaceans populated the subtropical oceans and no longer emerged on land. An example is the 18 metre long <i><a href="/wiki/Basilosaurus" title="Basilosaurus">Basilosaurus</a></i>, sometimes called <i>Zeuglodon</i>. The transition from land to water was completed in about 10 million years. The <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Al-Hitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wadi Al-Hitan">Wadi Al-Hitan</a> ("Whale Valley") in Egypt contains numerous skeletons of <i>Basilosaurus</i>, as well as other marine vertebrates.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Classification"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="External_phylogeny">External phylogeny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External phylogeny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology">Molecular biology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immunology" title="Immunology">immunology</a>, and fossils show that cetaceans are phylogenetically closely related with the <a href="/wiki/Even-toed_ungulate" class="mw-redirect" title="Even-toed ungulate">even-toed ungulates</a> (Artiodactyla). Whales' direct lineage began in the early <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a>, around 55.8 million years ago, with early artiodactyls.<sup id="cite_ref-Thewissen_80-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thewissen-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most molecular biological evidence suggests that <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamidae" title="Hippopotamidae">hippos</a> are the closest living relatives. Common anatomical features include similarities in the <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(biology)" title="Morphology (biology)">morphology</a> of the posterior <a href="/wiki/Molars" class="mw-redirect" title="Molars">molars</a>, and the bony ring on the temporal bone (bulla) and the involucre, a skull feature that was previously associated only with cetaceans.<sup id="cite_ref-Thewissen_80-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thewissen-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the fossil record suggests that the morphologically distinct hippo lineage dates back only about 15 million years, Cetacea and hippos apparently diverged from a common ancestor that was morphologically distinct from either.<sup id="cite_ref-DNA_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNA-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cetartiodactyla_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cetartiodactyla-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ScienceNews_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScienceNews-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most striking common feature is the <a href="/wiki/Talus_bone" title="Talus bone">talus</a>, a bone in the upper ankle. Early cetaceans, <a href="/wiki/Archaeocetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeocetes">archaeocetes</a>, show double castors, which occur only in even-toed ungulates. Corresponding findings are from <a href="/wiki/Tethys_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tethys Sea">Tethys Sea</a> deposits in northern India and Pakistan. The Tethys Sea was a shallow sea between the Asian continent and northward-bound Indian plate.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ichthyosaur_vs_dolphin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ichthyosaur_vs_dolphin.svg/220px-Ichthyosaur_vs_dolphin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ichthyosaur_vs_dolphin.svg/330px-Ichthyosaur_vs_dolphin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ichthyosaur_vs_dolphin.svg/440px-Ichthyosaur_vs_dolphin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Cetaceans <a href="/wiki/Convergent_evolution" title="Convergent evolution">evolved convergently</a> as <a href="/wiki/Streamlining_theory" title="Streamlining theory">streamlined</a> swimmers with fish and <a href="/wiki/Ichthyosaur" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichthyosaur">aquatic reptiles</a>. </figcaption></figure> <p>Molecular and morphological evidence suggests that <a href="/wiki/Artiodactyl" title="Artiodactyl">artiodactyls</a> as traditionally defined are <a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a> with respect to cetaceans. Cetaceans are deeply nested within the artiodactyls; the two groups together form a <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a>, a natural group with a common ancestor, for which the name <a href="/wiki/Cetartiodactyla" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetartiodactyla">Cetartiodactyla</a> is sometimes used. Modern nomenclature divides Artiodactyla (or Cetartiodactyla) into four subordinate taxa: camelids (Tylopoda), pigs and peccaries (Suina), ruminants (Ruminantia), and hippos plus whales (Whippomorpha). The Cetacea's presumed location within <a href="/wiki/Artiodactyla" class="mw-redirect" title="Artiodactyla">Artiodactyla</a> can be represented in the following <a href="/wiki/Cladogram" title="Cladogram">cladogram</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-O'Leary2013_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Leary2013-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Song2012_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Song2012-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dos_Reis2012_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dos_Reis2012-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Upham2019_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Upham2019-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261294616">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto;display:table}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf p{padding-right:5px;padding-left:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:100%;width:820px;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Artiodactyla" class="mw-redirect" title="Artiodactyla">Artiodactyla</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Tylopoda" title="Tylopoda">Tylopoda</a> (camels)<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cladogram_of_Cetacea_within_Artiodactyla_(Camelus_bactrianus).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Cladogram_of_Cetacea_within_Artiodactyla_%28Camelus_bactrianus%29.png/60px-Cladogram_of_Cetacea_within_Artiodactyla_%28Camelus_bactrianus%29.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Cladogram_of_Cetacea_within_Artiodactyla_%28Camelus_bactrianus%29.png/120px-Cladogram_of_Cetacea_within_Artiodactyla_%28Camelus_bactrianus%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="184" data-file-height="131" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Artiofabula" title="Artiofabula">Artiofabula</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Suina" title="Suina">Suina</a> (pigs)<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_(Pl._80)_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_%28Pl._80%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/50px-Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_%28Pl._80%29_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_%28Pl._80%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/75px-Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_%28Pl._80%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_%28Pl._80%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/100px-Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_%28Pl._80%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="437" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Cetruminantia" title="Cetruminantia">Cetruminantia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Ruminantia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruminantia">Ruminantia</a> (ruminants) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Chevrotain" title="Chevrotain">Tragulidae</a> (mouse deer)<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tragulus_napu_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Tragulus_napu_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-_%28white_background%29.jpg/50px-Tragulus_napu_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Tragulus_napu_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-_%28white_background%29.jpg/75px-Tragulus_napu_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Tragulus_napu_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-_%28white_background%29.jpg/100px-Tragulus_napu_-_1818-1842_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="298" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pecora" title="Pecora">Pecora</a> (horn bearers)<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Walia_ibex_illustration_white_background.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Walia_ibex_illustration_white_background.png/50px-Walia_ibex_illustration_white_background.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Walia_ibex_illustration_white_background.png/75px-Walia_ibex_illustration_white_background.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Walia_ibex_illustration_white_background.png/100px-Walia_ibex_illustration_white_background.png 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="421" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Cetancodonta" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetancodonta">Cetancodonta</a>/<a href="/wiki/Whippomorpha" title="Whippomorpha">Whippomorpha</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Hippopotamidae" title="Hippopotamidae">Hippopotamidae</a> (hippopotamuses)<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Voyage_en_Abyssinie_Plate_2_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Voyage_en_Abyssinie_Plate_2_%28white_background%29.jpg/50px-Voyage_en_Abyssinie_Plate_2_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Voyage_en_Abyssinie_Plate_2_%28white_background%29.jpg/75px-Voyage_en_Abyssinie_Plate_2_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Voyage_en_Abyssinie_Plate_2_%28white_background%29.jpg/100px-Voyage_en_Abyssinie_Plate_2_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="730" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b>Cetacea</b> (whales)<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowhead-Whale1_(16273933365).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bowhead-Whale1_%2816273933365%29.jpg/60px-Bowhead-Whale1_%2816273933365%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bowhead-Whale1_%2816273933365%29.jpg/120px-Bowhead-Whale1_%2816273933365%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3234" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">54 mya </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internal_phylogeny">Internal phylogeny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Internal phylogeny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cetaceans" title="List of cetaceans">List of cetaceans</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_cetaceans" title="List of extinct cetaceans">List of extinct cetaceans</a></div> <p>Within Cetacea, the two <a href="/wiki/Parvorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Parvorder">parvorders</a> are <a href="/wiki/Baleen_whales" class="mw-redirect" title="Baleen whales">baleen whales</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mysticeti" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysticeti">Mysticeti</a>) which owe their name to their baleen, and <a href="/wiki/Toothed_whales" class="mw-redirect" title="Toothed whales">toothed whales</a> (<a href="/wiki/Odontoceti" class="mw-redirect" title="Odontoceti">Odontoceti</a>), which have teeth shaped like cones, spades, pegs, or tusks, and can perceive their environment through <a href="/wiki/Animal_echolocation" title="Animal echolocation">biosonar</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; vertical-align: middle; width: 248px; margin:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; float:left; clear:left;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border: 0; padding: 0;"><small>Relationship of extinct and extant cetaceans<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small>: </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 5px"> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade" style="font-size:85%;line-height:100%;width:580px;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Raoellidae" title="Raoellidae">Raoellidae</a> † </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><b>Cetacea</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pakicetidae" title="Pakicetidae">Pakicetidae</a> † </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ambulocetidae" title="Ambulocetidae">Ambulocetidae</a> † <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambulocetus_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ambulocetus_BW.jpg/60px-Ambulocetus_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ambulocetus_BW.jpg/120px-Ambulocetus_BW.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Remingtonocetidae" title="Remingtonocetidae">Remingtonocetidae</a> † <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Remingtonocetus_cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Remingtonocetus_cropped.png/50px-Remingtonocetus_cropped.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Remingtonocetus_cropped.png/75px-Remingtonocetus_cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Remingtonocetus_cropped.png/100px-Remingtonocetus_cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="711" data-file-height="368" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Rodhocetus" title="Rodhocetus">Rodhocetus</a></i> † </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Dorudon" title="Dorudon">Dorudon</a></i> † </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Basilosaurus" title="Basilosaurus">Basilosaurus</a></i> † <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilosaurus_cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Basilosaurus_cropped.png/50px-Basilosaurus_cropped.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Basilosaurus_cropped.png/75px-Basilosaurus_cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Basilosaurus_cropped.png/100px-Basilosaurus_cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="317" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Mysticeti" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysticeti">Mysticeti</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Janjucetus" title="Janjucetus">Janjucetus</a></i> † </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Balaenidae" title="Balaenidae">Balaenidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Balaenidae" title="Balaenidae">Right whales</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balaena_mysticetus_NOAA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Balaena_mysticetus_NOAA.jpg/50px-Balaena_mysticetus_NOAA.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Balaena_mysticetus_NOAA.jpg/75px-Balaena_mysticetus_NOAA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Balaena_mysticetus_NOAA.jpg/100px-Balaena_mysticetus_NOAA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1791" data-file-height="672" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Neobalaenidae" title="Neobalaenidae">Neobalaenidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_right_whale" title="Pygmy right whale">Pygmy right whale</a> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caperea_marginata_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Caperea_marginata_3.jpg/60px-Caperea_marginata_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Caperea_marginata_3.jpg/120px-Caperea_marginata_3.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="376" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Balaenopteridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Balaenopteridae">Balaenopteridae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Rorqual" title="Rorqual">Rorquals</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Megaptera_novaeangliae_NOAA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Megaptera_novaeangliae_NOAA.jpg/50px-Megaptera_novaeangliae_NOAA.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Megaptera_novaeangliae_NOAA.jpg/75px-Megaptera_novaeangliae_NOAA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Megaptera_novaeangliae_NOAA.jpg/100px-Megaptera_novaeangliae_NOAA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="552" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Eschrichtiidae" title="Eschrichtiidae">Eschrichtiidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Gray_whale" title="Gray whale">Gray whales</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eschrichtius_robustus_NOAA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Eschrichtius_robustus_NOAA.jpg/60px-Eschrichtius_robustus_NOAA.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Eschrichtius_robustus_NOAA.jpg/120px-Eschrichtius_robustus_NOAA.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1696" data-file-height="472" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">(<a href="/wiki/Baleen_whales" class="mw-redirect" title="Baleen whales">baleen whales</a>, 25 mya) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Odontoceti" class="mw-redirect" title="Odontoceti">Odontoceti</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Kogiidae" title="Kogiidae">Kogiidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_sperm_whale" title="Dwarf sperm whale">Dwarf sperm whales</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kogia_sima_(transparent_background).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Kogia_sima_%28transparent_background%29.png/50px-Kogia_sima_%28transparent_background%29.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Kogia_sima_%28transparent_background%29.png/75px-Kogia_sima_%28transparent_background%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Kogia_sima_%28transparent_background%29.png/100px-Kogia_sima_%28transparent_background%29.png 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="418" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Physeteridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Physeteridae">Physeteridae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">Sperm whales</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Physeter_macrocephalus_NOAA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Physeter_macrocephalus_NOAA.jpg/50px-Physeter_macrocephalus_NOAA.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Physeter_macrocephalus_NOAA.jpg/75px-Physeter_macrocephalus_NOAA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Physeter_macrocephalus_NOAA.jpg/100px-Physeter_macrocephalus_NOAA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1965" data-file-height="577" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Platanistidae" title="Platanistidae">Platanistidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_river_dolphin" title="South Asian river dolphin">South Asian river dolphins</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganges.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ganges.png/50px-Ganges.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ganges.png/75px-Ganges.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ganges.png/100px-Ganges.png 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="213" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Ziphiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziphiidae">Ziphiidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Beaked_whale" title="Beaked whale">Beaked whales</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ziphius_cavirostris_NOAA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ziphius_cavirostris_NOAA.jpg/50px-Ziphius_cavirostris_NOAA.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ziphius_cavirostris_NOAA.jpg/75px-Ziphius_cavirostris_NOAA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ziphius_cavirostris_NOAA.jpg/100px-Ziphius_cavirostris_NOAA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1588" data-file-height="468" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Inioidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Inioidea">Inioidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Lipotidae" title="Lipotidae">Lipotidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_river_dolphin" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze river dolphin">Yangtze river dolphin</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lipotes_vexillifer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Lipotes_vexillifer.png/50px-Lipotes_vexillifer.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Lipotes_vexillifer.png/75px-Lipotes_vexillifer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Lipotes_vexillifer.png/100px-Lipotes_vexillifer.png 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="173" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Iniidae" title="Iniidae">Iniidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inia_geoffrensis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Inia_geoffrensis.jpg/50px-Inia_geoffrensis.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Inia_geoffrensis.jpg/75px-Inia_geoffrensis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Inia_geoffrensis.jpg/100px-Inia_geoffrensis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="468" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pontoporiidae" title="Pontoporiidae">Pontoporiidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pontoporia_blainvillei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Pontoporia_blainvillei.jpg/50px-Pontoporia_blainvillei.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Pontoporia_blainvillei.jpg/75px-Pontoporia_blainvillei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Pontoporia_blainvillei.jpg/100px-Pontoporia_blainvillei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="483" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">(South American<br />river dolphins) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Delphinoidea" title="Delphinoidea">Delphinoidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Delphinidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Delphinidae">Delphinidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_dolphins" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanic dolphins">Oceanic dolphins</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orcinus_orca_NOAA_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Orcinus_orca_NOAA_2.jpg/50px-Orcinus_orca_NOAA_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Orcinus_orca_NOAA_2.jpg/75px-Orcinus_orca_NOAA_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Orcinus_orca_NOAA_2.jpg/100px-Orcinus_orca_NOAA_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2076" data-file-height="1087" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">("true" dolphins) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Monodontidae" title="Monodontidae">Monodontidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">Belugas</a> & <a href="/wiki/Narwhal" title="Narwhal">Narwhals</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Delphinapterus_leucas_NOAA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Delphinapterus_leucas_NOAA.jpg/50px-Delphinapterus_leucas_NOAA.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Delphinapterus_leucas_NOAA.jpg/75px-Delphinapterus_leucas_NOAA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Delphinapterus_leucas_NOAA.jpg/100px-Delphinapterus_leucas_NOAA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1159" data-file-height="290" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Phocoenidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phocoenidae">Phocoenidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Porpoise" title="Porpoise">Porpoises</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaquita_swimming_through_the_void._(Phocoena_Sinus).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Vaquita_swimming_through_the_void._%28Phocoena_Sinus%29.png/60px-Vaquita_swimming_through_the_void._%28Phocoena_Sinus%29.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Vaquita_swimming_through_the_void._%28Phocoena_Sinus%29.png/120px-Vaquita_swimming_through_the_void._%28Phocoena_Sinus%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">(<a href="/wiki/Toothed_whales" class="mw-redirect" title="Toothed whales">toothed whales</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; font-size: 88%; border: 0; padding: 0;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">† Extinct taxa</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p>The terms <i>whale</i> and <i>dolphin</i> are informal: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mysticeti" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysticeti">Mysticeti</a>:</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">Whales</a>, with four families: <a href="/wiki/Balaenidae" title="Balaenidae">Balaenidae</a> (right and bowhead whales), <a href="/wiki/Cetotheriidae" title="Cetotheriidae">Cetotheriidae</a> (pygmy right whales), <a href="/wiki/Balaenopteridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Balaenopteridae">Balaenopteridae</a> (rorquals), <a href="/wiki/Eschrichtiidae" title="Eschrichtiidae">Eschrichtiidae</a> (grey whales)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odontoceti" class="mw-redirect" title="Odontoceti">Odontoceti</a>:</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">Whales</a>: with four families: <a href="/wiki/Monodontidae" title="Monodontidae">Monodontidae</a> (belugas and narwhals), <a href="/wiki/Physeteridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Physeteridae">Physeteridae</a> (sperm whales), <a href="/wiki/Kogiidae" title="Kogiidae">Kogiidae</a> (dwarf and pygmy sperm whales), and <a href="/wiki/Ziphiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziphiidae">Ziphiidae</a> (beaked whales)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">Dolphins</a>, with five families: <a href="/wiki/Delphinidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Delphinidae">Delphinidae</a> (oceanic dolphins), <a href="/wiki/Platanistidae" title="Platanistidae">Platanistidae</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Asian_river_dolphin" title="South Asian river dolphin">South Asian river dolphins</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lipotidae" title="Lipotidae">Lipotidae</a> (old world river dolphins) <a href="/wiki/Iniidae" title="Iniidae">Iniidae</a> (new world river dolphins), and <a href="/wiki/Pontoporiidae" title="Pontoporiidae">Pontoporiidae</a> (<a href="/wiki/La_Plata_dolphin" title="La Plata dolphin">La Plata dolphins</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porpoise" title="Porpoise">Porpoises</a>, with one family: <a href="/wiki/Phocoenidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phocoenidae">Phocoenidae</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <p>The term 'great whales' covers those currently regulated by the <a href="/wiki/International_Whaling_Commission" title="International Whaling Commission">International Whaling Commission</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-iwcjuris_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iwcjuris-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Odontoceti families Physeteridae (sperm whales), Ziphiidae (beaked whales), and Kogiidae (pygmy and dwarf sperm whales); and Mysticeti families Balaenidae (right and bowhead whales), Cetotheriidae (pygmy right whales), Eschrichtiidae (grey whales), as well as part of the family Balaenopteridae (minke, Bryde's, sei, blue and fin; not Eden's and Omura's whales).<sup id="cite_ref-iwcgreat_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iwcgreat-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Threats">Threats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Threats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The primary threats to cetaceans come from people, both directly from whaling or <a href="/wiki/Dolphin_drive_hunting" title="Dolphin drive hunting">drive hunting</a> and indirect threats from fishing and pollution.<sup id="cite_ref-wdcs_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdcs-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whaling">Whaling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Whaling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">Whaling</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Whaling" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Whaling">History of Whaling</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dolphin_drive_hunting" title="Dolphin drive hunting">Dolphin drive hunting</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">Methods of <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">whaling</a></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan_Factory_Ship_Nisshin_Maru_Whaling_Mother_and_Calf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mother and calf minke whales are pulled through the rear of a Japanese research ship." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Japan_Factory_Ship_Nisshin_Maru_Whaling_Mother_and_Calf.jpg/220px-Japan_Factory_Ship_Nisshin_Maru_Whaling_Mother_and_Calf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Japan_Factory_Ship_Nisshin_Maru_Whaling_Mother_and_Calf.jpg/330px-Japan_Factory_Ship_Nisshin_Maru_Whaling_Mother_and_Calf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Japan_Factory_Ship_Nisshin_Maru_Whaling_Mother_and_Calf.jpg/440px-Japan_Factory_Ship_Nisshin_Maru_Whaling_Mother_and_Calf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Japanese research ship whaling mother and calf <a href="/wiki/Minke_whales" class="mw-redirect" title="Minke whales">minke whales</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hvalba_26-08-06_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A dolphin caught in a drive hunt is transported away by a forklift." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hvalba_26-08-06_%283%29.jpg/220px-Hvalba_26-08-06_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hvalba_26-08-06_%283%29.jpg/330px-Hvalba_26-08-06_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hvalba_26-08-06_%283%29.jpg/440px-Hvalba_26-08-06_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">An <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_white-sided_dolphin" title="Atlantic white-sided dolphin">Atlantic white-sided dolphin</a> caught in a <a href="/wiki/Dolphin_drive_hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolphin drive hunt">drive hunt</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hvalba" title="Hvalba">Hvalba</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a> being taken away with a forklift.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Whaling is the practice of hunting whales, mainly baleen and sperm whales. This activity has gone on since the <a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, reasons for whaling included their <a href="/wiki/Whale_meat" title="Whale meat">meat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whale_oil" title="Whale oil">oil</a> usable as fuel and the jawbone, which was used in house construction. At the end of the Middle Ages, early whaling fleets aimed at <a href="/wiki/Baleen_whales" class="mw-redirect" title="Baleen whales">baleen whales</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whales" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowhead whales">bowheads</a>. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Dutch fleet had about 300 whaling ships with 18,000 crewmen.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the 18th and 19th centuries, baleen whales especially were hunted for their <a href="/wiki/Baleen" title="Baleen">baleen</a>, which was used as a replacement for wood, or in products requiring strength and flexibility such as <a href="/wiki/Corset" title="Corset">corsets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crinoline" title="Crinoline">crinoline</a> skirts. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Spermaceti" title="Spermaceti">spermaceti</a> found in the <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">sperm whale</a> was used as a machine lubricant and the <a href="/wiki/Ambergris" title="Ambergris">ambergris</a> as a material for pharmaceutical and perfume industries. In the second half of the 19th century, the explosive <a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">harpoon</a> was invented, leading to a massive increase in the catch size.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Large ships were used as "mother" ships for the whale handlers. In the first half of the 20th century, whales were of great importance as a supplier of raw materials. Whales were intensively hunted during this time; in the 1930s, 30,000 whales were killed. This increased to over 40,000 animals per year up to the 1960s, when stocks of large baleen whales collapsed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Most hunted whales are now threatened, with some great whale populations exploited to the brink of extinction. Atlantic and Korean <a href="/wiki/Gray_whale" title="Gray whale">gray whale</a> populations were completely eradicated and the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_right_whales" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic right whales">North Atlantic right whale</a> population fell to some 300–600. The <a href="/wiki/Blue_whale" title="Blue whale">blue whale</a> population is estimated to be around 14,000.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The first efforts to protect whales came in 1931. Some particularly endangered species, such as the <a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">humpback whale</a> (which then numbered about 100 animals),<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were placed under international protection and the first protected areas were established. In 1946, the <a href="/wiki/International_Whaling_Commission" title="International Whaling Commission">International Whaling Commission</a> (IWC) was established, to monitor and secure whale stocks. Whaling of 14 large species for commercial purposes was prohibited worldwide by this organization from 1985 to 2005, though some countries do not honor the prohibition.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whales_caught_recently.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Whales_caught_recently.png/300px-Whales_caught_recently.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Whales_caught_recently.png/450px-Whales_caught_recently.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Whales_caught_recently.png/600px-Whales_caught_recently.png 2x" data-file-width="993" data-file-height="818" /></a><figcaption>Whales caught 2010–2014, by country</figcaption></figure> <p>The stocks of species such as humpback and blue whales have recovered, though they are still threatened. The United States Congress passed the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Mammal_Protection_Act_of_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972">Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972</a> sustain the marine mammal population. It prohibits the taking of marine mammals except for several hundred per year taken in Alaska. Japanese whaling ships are allowed to hunt whales of different species for ostensibly scientific purposes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_whaling" title="Aboriginal whaling">Aboriginal whaling</a> is still permitted. About 1,200 pilot whales were taken in the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a> in 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-faroe_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faroe-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and about 900 <a href="/wiki/Narwhal" title="Narwhal">narwhals</a> and 800 <a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">belugas</a> per year are taken in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and Siberia. About 150 minke are taken in Greenland per year, 120 gray whales in Siberia and 50 bowheads in Alaska, as aboriginal whaling, besides the 600 minke taken commercially by Norway, 300 minke and 100 sei taken by Japan and up to 100 fin whales taken by Iceland.<sup id="cite_ref-iwcatch_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iwcatch-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iceland and Norway do not recognize the ban and operate commercial whaling. Norway and Japan are committed to ending the ban.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Dolphins and other smaller cetaceans are sometimes hunted in an activity known as dolphin drive hunting. This is accomplished by driving a pod together with boats, usually into a bay or onto a beach. Their escape is prevented by closing off the route to the ocean with other boats or nets. Dolphins are hunted this way in several places around the world, including the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> and Japan (the most well-known practitioner). Dolphins are mostly hunted for their <a href="/wiki/Whale_meat" title="Whale meat">meat</a>, though some end up in <a href="/wiki/Dolphinarium" title="Dolphinarium">dolphinaria</a>. Despite the controversy thousands of dolphins are caught in drive hunts each year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fishing">Fishing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Fishing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cetacean_bycatch" title="Cetacean bycatch">Cetacean bycatch</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Domino_whale-bone_hg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Domino_whale-bone_hg.jpg/220px-Domino_whale-bone_hg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Domino_whale-bone_hg.jpg/330px-Domino_whale-bone_hg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Domino_whale-bone_hg.jpg/440px-Domino_whale-bone_hg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dominoes" title="Dominoes">Dominoes</a> made of baleen</figcaption></figure> <p>Dolphin pods often reside near large tuna shoals. This is known to fishermen, who look for dolphins to catch tuna. Dolphins are much easier to spot from a distance than tuna, since they regularly breathe. The fishermen pull their nets hundreds of meters wide in a circle around the dolphin groups, in the expectation that they will net a tuna shoal. When the nets are pulled together, the dolphins become entangled under water and drown. Line fisheries in larger rivers are threats to <a href="/wiki/River_dolphins" class="mw-redirect" title="River dolphins">river dolphins</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A greater threat than by-catch for small cetaceans is targeted hunting. In Southeast Asia, they are sold as fish-replacement to locals, since the region's edible fish promise higher revenues from exports. In the Mediterranean, small cetaceans are targeted to ease pressure on edible fish.<sup id="cite_ref-wdcs_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdcs-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strandings">Strandings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Strandings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cetacean_stranding" title="Cetacean stranding">Cetacean stranding</a></div> <p>A stranding is when a cetacean leaves the water to lie on a beach. In some cases, groups of whales strand together. The best known are mass strandings of <a href="/wiki/Pilot_whale" title="Pilot whale">pilot whales</a> and sperm whales. <a href="/wiki/Cetacean_stranding" title="Cetacean stranding">Stranded</a> cetaceans usually die, because their as much as 90 metric tons (99 short tons) body weight compresses their lungs or breaks their ribs. Smaller whales can die of heatstroke because of their thermal insulation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ecomare_-_gestrande_bultrug_op_Razende_Bol_(bultrug2012-razende-bol-412-sw).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ecomare_-_gestrande_bultrug_op_Razende_Bol_%28bultrug2012-razende-bol-412-sw%29.jpg/250px-Ecomare_-_gestrande_bultrug_op_Razende_Bol_%28bultrug2012-razende-bol-412-sw%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ecomare_-_gestrande_bultrug_op_Razende_Bol_%28bultrug2012-razende-bol-412-sw%29.jpg/330px-Ecomare_-_gestrande_bultrug_op_Razende_Bol_%28bultrug2012-razende-bol-412-sw%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ecomare_-_gestrande_bultrug_op_Razende_Bol_%28bultrug2012-razende-bol-412-sw%29.jpg/500px-Ecomare_-_gestrande_bultrug_op_Razende_Bol_%28bultrug2012-razende-bol-412-sw%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Beached humpback whale</figcaption></figure> <p>The causes are not clear. Possible reasons for mass beachings are:<sup id="cite_ref-wdcs_97-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdcs-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>toxic contaminants</li> <li>debilitating parasites (in the respiratory tract, brain or middle ear)</li> <li>infections (bacterial or viral)</li> <li>flight from predators (including humans)</li> <li>social bonds within a group, so that the pod follows a stranded animal</li> <li>disturbance of their magnetic senses by natural anomalies in the Earth's magnetic field</li> <li>injuries</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_pollution#Wildlife" title="Noise pollution">noise pollution</a> by shipping traffic, seismic surveys and military sonar experiments</li></ul> <p>Since 2000, whale strandings frequently occurred following military <a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">sonar</a> testing. In December 2001, the US Navy admitted partial responsibility for the beaching and the deaths of several marine mammals in March 2000. The coauthor of the interim report stated that animals killed by active sonar of some Navy ships were injured. Generally, underwater noise, which is still on the increase, is increasingly tied to strandings; because it impairs communication and sense of direction.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">Climate change</a> influences the major wind systems and ocean currents, which also lead to cetacean strandings. Researchers studying strandings on the Tasmanian coast from 1920 to 2002 found that greater strandings occurred at certain time intervals. Years with increased strandings were associated with severe storms, which initiated cold water flows close to the coast. In nutrient-rich, cold water, cetaceans expect large prey animals, so they follow the cold water currents into shallower waters, where the risk is higher for strandings. Whales and dolphins who live in pods may accompany sick or debilitated pod members into shallow water, stranding them at low tide.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_hazards">Environmental hazards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Environmental hazards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Marine_mammals_and_sonar" title="Marine mammals and sonar">Marine mammals and sonar</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:30%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>Worldwide, use of active sonar has been linked to about 50 marine mammal strandings between 1996 and 2006. In all of these occurrences, there were other contributing factors, such as unusual (steep and complex) underwater geography, limited egress routes, and a specific species of marine mammal—beaked whales—that are suspected to be more sensitive to sound than other marine mammals. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Rear Admiral Lawrence Rice</cite></div> </div> <p>Heavy metals, residues of many plant and insect venoms and plastic waste <a href="/wiki/Flotsam" class="mw-redirect" title="Flotsam">flotsam</a> are not biodegradable. Sometimes, cetaceans consume these hazardous materials, mistaking them for food items. As a result, the animals are more susceptible to disease and have fewer offspring.<sup id="cite_ref-wdcs_97-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdcs-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Damage to the <a href="/wiki/Ozone_layer" title="Ozone layer">ozone layer</a> reduces plankton reproduction because of its resulting radiation. This shrinks the food supply for many marine animals, but the filter-feeding baleen whales are most impacted. Even the <a href="/wiki/Nekton" title="Nekton">Nekton</a> is, in addition to intensive exploitation, damaged by the radiation.<sup id="cite_ref-wdcs_97-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdcs-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Food supplies are also reduced long-term by <a href="/wiki/Ocean_acidification" title="Ocean acidification">ocean acidification</a> due to increased absorption of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. The CO<sub>2</sub> reacts with water to form <a href="/wiki/Carbonic_acid" title="Carbonic acid">carbonic acid</a>, which reduces the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbonate" title="Calcium carbonate">calcium carbonate</a> skeletons of food supplies for zooplankton that baleen whales depend on.<sup id="cite_ref-wdcs_97-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdcs-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The military and resource extraction industries operate strong <a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">sonar</a> and blasting operations. Marine seismic surveys use loud, low-frequency sound that show what is lying underneath the Earth's surface.<sup id="cite_ref-Nowacek_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nowacek-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vessel traffic also increases noise in the oceans. Such noise can disrupt cetacean behavior such as their use of <a href="/wiki/Biosonar" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosonar">biosonar</a> for orientation and communication. Severe instances can panic them, driving them to the surface. This leads to bubbles in blood gases and can cause <a href="/wiki/Decompression_sickness" title="Decompression sickness">decompression sickness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naval exercises with sonar regularly results in fallen cetaceans that wash up with fatal decompression. Sounds can be disruptive at distances of more than 100 kilometres (62 mi). Damage varies across frequency and species.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_to_humans">Relationship to humans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Relationship to humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_history">Research history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Research history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cryptid_whale" title="Cryptid whale">Cryptid whale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whale#In_myth,_literature_and_art" title="Whale">Whale § In myth, literature and art</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trolual_(Gessner).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Trolual_%28Gessner%29.jpg/220px-Trolual_%28Gessner%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Trolual_%28Gessner%29.jpg/330px-Trolual_%28Gessner%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Trolual_%28Gessner%29.jpg/440px-Trolual_%28Gessner%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>A whale as depicted by Conrad Gesner, 1587, in <i>Historiae animalium</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>'s time, the fourth century BCE, whales were regarded as fish due to their superficial similarity. Aristotle, however, observed many physiological and anatomical similarities with the terrestrial vertebrates, such as blood (circulation), lungs, uterus and fin anatomy.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His detailed descriptions were assimilated by the Romans, but mixed with a more accurate knowledge of the dolphins, as mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural history</a></i>. In the art of this and subsequent periods, dolphins are portrayed with a high-arched head (typical of porpoises) and a long snout. The <a href="/wiki/Harbour_porpoise" title="Harbour porpoise">harbour porpoise</a> was one of the most accessible species for early <a href="/wiki/Cetology" title="Cetology">cetologists</a>; because it could be seen close to land, inhabiting shallow coastal areas of Europe. Much of the findings that apply to all cetaceans were first discovered in porpoises.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the first anatomical descriptions of the airways of a harbor porpoise dates from 1671 by John Ray. It nevertheless referred to the porpoise as a fish.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The tube in the head, through which this kind fish takes its breath and spitting water, located in front of the brain and ends outwardly in a simple hole, but inside it is divided by a downward bony septum, as if it were two nostrils; but underneath it opens up again in the mouth in a void.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>John Ray, 1671, the earliest description of cetacean airways</cite></div></blockquote> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">10th edition of Systema Naturae</a> (1758), Swedish biologist and taxonomist <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> asserted that cetaceans were mammals and not fish. His groundbreaking binomial system formed the basis of modern whale classification.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture">Culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cetacea" title="Special:EditPage/Cetacea">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Destruction_of_Leviathan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Destruction_of_Leviathan.png/220px-Destruction_of_Leviathan.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Destruction_of_Leviathan.png/330px-Destruction_of_Leviathan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Destruction_of_Leviathan.png/440px-Destruction_of_Leviathan.png 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="2890" /></a><figcaption><i>Destruction of Leviathan</i>; engraving by <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9" title="Gustave Doré">Gustave Doré</a>, 1865</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarentum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tarentum.jpg/220px-Tarentum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tarentum.jpg/330px-Tarentum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tarentum.jpg/440px-Tarentum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Silver coin with <a href="/wiki/Taras_(mythology)" title="Taras (mythology)">Taras</a> riding a dolphin</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a> <a href="/wiki/Petroglyphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Petroglyphs">petroglyphs</a>, such as those in Roddoy and Reppa (Norway), and the <a href="/wiki/Bangudae_Petroglyphs" title="Bangudae Petroglyphs">Bangudae Petroglyphs</a> in South Korea, depict them.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whale bones were used for many purposes. In the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> settlement of Skara Brae on <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a> sauce pans were made from whale vertebrae.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The whale was first mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a> by <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>. There, it is called Ketos, from which was derived the Roman word for whale, <a href="/wiki/Cetus_(mythology)" title="Cetus (mythology)">Cetus</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> especially, the leviathan plays a role as a <a href="/wiki/Sea_monster" title="Sea monster">sea monster</a>. The prophet <a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a>, on his flight from the city of <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>, is swallowed by a whale. Dolphins are mentioned far more often than whales. Aristotle discusses the sacred animals of the Greeks in his <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Animalium" class="mw-redirect" title="Historia Animalium">Historia Animalium</a></i>. The Greeks admired the dolphin as a "king of the aquatic animals" and referred to them erroneously as fish. <a href="/wiki/Dolphins_in_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolphins in mythology">Dolphins appear in Greek mythology</a>. Because of their intelligence, they rescued multiple people from drowning. They were said to love music, probably because of their own song, and in the legends they saved famous musicians, such as <a href="/wiki/Arion" title="Arion">Arion</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lesbos" title="Lesbos">Lesbos</a> from <a href="/wiki/Mithymna" title="Mithymna">Methymna</a>. Dolphins belong to the domain of <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a> and led him to his wife <a href="/wiki/Amphitrite" title="Amphitrite">Amphitrite</a>. Dolphins are associated with other gods, such as <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a>. The Greeks paid tribute to both whales and dolphins with their own constellation. The constellation of the Whale (Ketos, lat. <a href="/wiki/Cetus" title="Cetus">Cetus</a>) is located south of the Dolphin (Delphi, lat. <a href="/wiki/Delphinus" title="Delphinus">Delphinus</a>) north of the <a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">zodiac</a>. Ancient art often included dolphin representations, including the Cretan <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoans</a>. A particularly popular representation is that of Arion or <a href="/wiki/Taras_(mythology)" title="Taras (mythology)">Taras</a> riding on a dolphin. In early <a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Christian art</a>, the dolphin is a popular motif, at times used as a symbol of <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Middle_Ages_to_the_19th_century">Middle Ages to the 19th century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Middle Ages to the 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Whaling" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Whaling">History of Whaling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cryptid_whales" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptid whales">Cryptid whales</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Baleine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/La_Baleine.jpg/250px-La_Baleine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/La_Baleine.jpg/330px-La_Baleine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/La_Baleine.jpg/500px-La_Baleine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="455" /></a><figcaption>Depiction of baleen whaling, 1840</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Im_Februar_1598_an_der_holl%C3%A4ndischen_K%C3%BCste_gestrandeter_Walfisch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Im_Februar_1598_an_der_holl%C3%A4ndischen_K%C3%BCste_gestrandeter_Walfisch.jpg/250px-Im_Februar_1598_an_der_holl%C3%A4ndischen_K%C3%BCste_gestrandeter_Walfisch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Im_Februar_1598_an_der_holl%C3%A4ndischen_K%C3%BCste_gestrandeter_Walfisch.jpg/330px-Im_Februar_1598_an_der_holl%C3%A4ndischen_K%C3%BCste_gestrandeter_Walfisch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Im_Februar_1598_an_der_holl%C3%A4ndischen_K%C3%BCste_gestrandeter_Walfisch.jpg/500px-Im_Februar_1598_an_der_holl%C3%A4ndischen_K%C3%BCste_gestrandeter_Walfisch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2466" data-file-height="1844" /></a><figcaption>Stranded sperm whale engraving, 1598</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/St._Brendan" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Brendan">St. Brendan</a> described in his travel story <i>Navigatio Sancti Brendani</i> an encounter with a whale, between the years 565–573.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Most descriptions of large whales from the Middle Ages until the whaling era, beginning in the 17th century, were of beached whales. <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Gilmore" title="Raymond Gilmore">Raymond Gilmore</a> documented seventeen sperm whales in the estuary of the Elbe from 1723 to 1959 and thirty-one animals on the coast of Great Britain in 1784. In 1827, a blue whale beached itself off the coast of Ostend. Whales were used as attractions in museums and traveling exhibitions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Whalers from the 17th to 19th centuries depicted whales in drawings and recounted tales of their occupation. Although they knew that whales were harmless giants, they described battles with harpooned animals. These included descriptions of sea monsters, including huge whales, sharks, sea snakes, giant squid and octopuses.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Among the first whalers who described their experiences on whaling trips was Captain <a href="/wiki/William_Scoresby" title="William Scoresby">William Scoresby</a> from Great Britain, who published the book <i>Northern Whale Fishery</i>, describing the hunt for northern baleen whales. This was followed by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Beale" title="Thomas Beale">Thomas Beale</a>, a British surgeon, in his book <i>Some observations on the natural history of the sperm whale</i> in 1835; and Frederick Debell Bennett's <i>The tale of a whale hunt</i> in 1840. Whales were described in narrative literature and paintings, most famously in the novels <i><a href="/wiki/Moby-Dick" title="Moby-Dick">Moby Dick</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Seas" title="Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas">Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Baleen was used to make vessel components such as the bottom of a bucket in the Scottish National Museum. The <a href="/wiki/Norsemen" title="Norsemen">Norsemen</a> crafted ornamented plates from baleen.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the Canadian Arctic (east coast) in Punuk and <a href="/wiki/Thule" title="Thule">Thule</a> culture (1000–1600 C.E.),<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> baleen was used to construct houses in place of wood as roof support for winter houses.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modern_culture">Modern culture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Modern culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Whale#Interactions_with_humans" title="Whale">Whale § Interactions with humans</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sea_World1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Sea_World1.jpg/220px-Sea_World1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Sea_World1.jpg/330px-Sea_World1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Sea_World1.jpg/440px-Sea_World1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Sea World show featuring <a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin" title="Bottlenose dolphin">bottlenose dolphins</a> and <a href="/wiki/False_killer_whale" title="False killer whale">false killer whales</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 20th century, perceptions of cetaceans changed. They transformed from monsters into creatures of wonder, as science revealed them to be intelligent and peaceful animals. Hunting was replaced by whale and dolphin tourism. This change is reflected in films and novels. For example, the protagonist of the series <i><a href="/wiki/Flipper_(1995_TV_series)" title="Flipper (1995 TV series)">Flipper</a></i> was a bottle-nose dolphin. The TV series <i><a href="/wiki/SeaQuest_DSV" title="SeaQuest DSV">SeaQuest DSV</a></i> (1993–1996), the movies <i><a href="/wiki/Free_Willy" title="Free Willy">Free Willy</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_IV:_The_Voyage_Home" title="Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home">Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home</a></i>, and the book series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy" title="The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy">The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Adams" title="Douglas Adams">Douglas Adams</a> are examples.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The study of <a href="/wiki/Whale_vocalization" title="Whale vocalization">whale songs</a> also produced a popular album, <i><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_the_Humpback_Whale_(album)" title="Songs of the Humpback Whale (album)">Songs of the Humpback Whale</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Captivity">Captivity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Captivity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Whales and dolphins have been kept in captivity for use in education, research and entertainment since the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Belugas">Belugas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Belugas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale#Captivity" title="Beluga whale">Beluga whale § Captivity</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">Beluga whales</a> were the first whales to be kept in captivity. Other species were too rare, too shy or too big. The first was shown at <a href="/wiki/Barnum%27s_American_Museum" title="Barnum's American Museum">Barnum's Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> in 1861.<sup id="cite_ref-New_York_Tribune_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_York_Tribune-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For most of the 20th century, Canada was the predominant source.<sup id="cite_ref-cmeps_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cmeps-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were taken from the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a> estuary until the late 1960s, after which they were predominantly taken from the <a href="/wiki/Churchill_River_(Hudson_Bay)" title="Churchill River (Hudson Bay)">Churchill River</a> estuary until capture was banned in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-cmeps_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cmeps-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russia then became the largest provider.<sup id="cite_ref-cmeps_118-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cmeps-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Belugas are caught in the <a href="/wiki/Amu_Darya" title="Amu Darya">Amur Darya</a> delta and their eastern coast and are transported domestically to aquaria or <a href="/wiki/Dolphinarium" title="Dolphinarium">dolphinaria</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sochi" title="Sochi">Sochi</a>, or exported to countries such as Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-cmeps_118-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cmeps-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have not been domesticated.<sup id="cite_ref-zoos_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zoos-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2006, 30 belugas lived in Canada and 28 in the United States. 42 deaths in captivity had been reported.<sup id="cite_ref-cmeps_118-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cmeps-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A single specimen can reportedly fetch up to US$100,000 (<a href="/wiki/STG_pound" class="mw-redirect" title="STG pound">£</a>64,160). The beluga's popularity is due to its unique color and its <a href="/wiki/Facial_expression" title="Facial expression">facial expressions</a>. The latter is possible because while most cetacean "smiles" are fixed, the extra movement afforded by the beluga's unfused cervical vertebrae allows a greater range of apparent expression.<sup id="cite_ref-Bonner,_W.N._17,_23–24_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bonner,_W.N._17,_23–24-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Orcas">Orcas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Orcas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Captive_killer_whales" class="mw-redirect" title="Captive killer whales">Captive killer whales</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/SeaWorld#Criticism_and_resulting_impact" title="SeaWorld">SeaWorld § Criticism and resulting impact</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Incidents_at_SeaWorld_parks" class="mw-redirect" title="Incidents at SeaWorld parks">Incidents at SeaWorld parks</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2009-Seaworld-Shamu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2009-Seaworld-Shamu.jpg/250px-2009-Seaworld-Shamu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2009-Seaworld-Shamu.jpg/330px-2009-Seaworld-Shamu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2009-Seaworld-Shamu.jpg/500px-2009-Seaworld-Shamu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="637" /></a><figcaption>Ulises the orca, 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>The orca's <a href="/wiki/Animal_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal intelligence">intelligence</a>, trainability, striking appearance, playfulness in captivity and sheer size have made it a popular exhibit at aquaria and aquatic theme parks. From 1976 to 1997, fifty-five whales were taken from the wild in Iceland, nineteen from Japan and three from Argentina. These figures exclude animals that died during capture. Live captures fell dramatically in the 1990s and by 1999, about 40% of the forty-eight animals on display in the world were captive-born.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Organizations such as <a href="/wiki/World_Animal_Protection" title="World Animal Protection">World Animal Protection</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Whale_and_Dolphin_Conservation" title="Whale and Dolphin Conservation">Whale and Dolphin Conservation</a> campaign against the practice of keeping them in captivity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In captivity, they often develop pathologies, such as the <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_fin" title="Dorsal fin">dorsal fin</a> collapse seen in 60–90% of captive males. Captives have reduced life expectancy, on average only living into their 20s, although some live longer, including several over 30 years old and two, Corky II and Lolita, in their mid-40s. In the wild, females who survive infancy live 46 years on average and up to 70–80 years. Wild males who survive infancy live 31 years on average and can reach 50–60 years.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Captivity usually bears little resemblance to wild habitat and captive whales' social groups are foreign to those found in the wild. Critics claim captive life is stressful due to these factors and the requirement to perform circus tricks that are not part of wild orca behavior. Wild orca may travel up to 160 kilometres (100 mi) in a day and critics say the animals are too big and intelligent to be suitable for captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-cbs2010_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs2010-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Captives occasionally act aggressively towards themselves, their tankmates, or humans, which critics say is a result of <a href="/wiki/Stress_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stress (medicine)">stress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-armstrong_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-armstrong-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orcas are well known for their performances in shows, but the number of orcas kept in captivity is small, especially when compared to the number of bottlenose dolphins, with only forty-four <a href="/wiki/List_of_captive_orcas" title="List of captive orcas">captive orcas</a> being held in aquaria as of 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each country has its own tank requirements; in the US, the minimum enclosure size is set by the <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a>, 9 CFR E § 3.104, under the <i>Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment and Transportation of Marine Mammals</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dawn_Brancheau_-_Riders_on_the_Storm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Dawn_Brancheau_-_Riders_on_the_Storm.jpg/220px-Dawn_Brancheau_-_Riders_on_the_Storm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Dawn_Brancheau_-_Riders_on_the_Storm.jpg/330px-Dawn_Brancheau_-_Riders_on_the_Storm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Dawn_Brancheau_-_Riders_on_the_Storm.jpg/440px-Dawn_Brancheau_-_Riders_on_the_Storm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2795" data-file-height="1859" /></a><figcaption>Dawn Brancheau doing a show four years before <a href="/wiki/Incidents_at_SeaWorld_parks#SeaWorld_Orlando" class="mw-redirect" title="Incidents at SeaWorld parks">the incident</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Aggression among captive orcas is common. They attack each other and their trainers as well. In 2013, SeaWorld's treatment of orcas in captivity was the basis of the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Blackfish_(film)" title="Blackfish (film)">Blackfish</a></i>, which documents the history of <a href="/wiki/Tilikum_(orca)" title="Tilikum (orca)">Tilikum</a>, an orca at SeaWorld Orlando, who had been involved in the deaths of three people.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film led to proposals by some lawmakers to ban captivity of cetaceans, and led SeaWorld to announce in 2016 that it would phase out its orca program.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Others">Others</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Short-finned_Pilot_Whale_(8793172995).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Short-finned_Pilot_Whale_%288793172995%29.jpg/220px-Short-finned_Pilot_Whale_%288793172995%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Short-finned_Pilot_Whale_%288793172995%29.jpg/330px-Short-finned_Pilot_Whale_%288793172995%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Short-finned_Pilot_Whale_%288793172995%29.jpg/440px-Short-finned_Pilot_Whale_%288793172995%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/SeaWorld_San_Diego" title="SeaWorld San Diego">SeaWorld</a> <a href="/wiki/Pilot_whale" title="Pilot whale">pilot whale</a> with trainers</figcaption></figure> <p>Dolphins and porpoises are kept in captivity. <a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin" title="Bottlenose dolphin">Bottlenose dolphins</a> are the most common, as they are relatively easy to train, have a long lifespan in captivity and have a friendly appearance. Bottlenose dolphins live in captivity across the world, though exact numbers are hard to determine. Other species kept in captivity are <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_spotted_dolphin" title="Atlantic spotted dolphin">spotted dolphins</a>, <a href="/wiki/False_killer_whale" title="False killer whale">false killer whales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_dolphin" title="Common dolphin">common dolphins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commerson%27s_dolphin" title="Commerson's dolphin">Commerson's dolphins</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Rough-toothed_dolphin" title="Rough-toothed dolphin">rough-toothed dolphins</a>, but all in much lower numbers. There are also fewer than ten <a href="/wiki/Pilot_whale" title="Pilot whale">pilot whales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_river_dolphin" title="Amazon river dolphin">Amazon river dolphins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Risso%27s_dolphin" title="Risso's dolphin">Risso's dolphins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spinner_dolphin" title="Spinner dolphin">spinner dolphins</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Tucuxi" title="Tucuxi">tucuxi</a> in captivity. Two unusual and rare <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybrid</a> dolphins, known as <a href="/wiki/Wolphins" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolphins">wolphins</a>, are kept at <a href="/wiki/Sea_Life_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea Life Park">Sea Life Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, which is a cross between a bottlenose dolphin and a <a href="/wiki/False_killer_whale" title="False killer whale">false killer whale</a>. Also, two <a href="/wiki/Common_dolphin" title="Common dolphin">common</a>/bottlenose hybrids reside in captivity at <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Cove" title="Discovery Cove">Discovery Cove</a> and <a href="/wiki/SeaWorld_San_Diego" title="SeaWorld San Diego">SeaWorld San Diego</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In repeated attempts in the 1960s and 1970s, <a href="/wiki/Narwhal" title="Narwhal">narwhals</a> kept in captivity died within months. A breeding pair of <a href="/wiki/Pygmy_right_whale" title="Pygmy right whale">pygmy right whales</a> were retained in a netted area. They were eventually released in South Africa. In 1971, SeaWorld captured a California gray whale calf in Mexico at <a href="/wiki/Ojo_de_Liebre_Lagoon" title="Ojo de Liebre Lagoon">Scammon's Lagoon</a>. The calf, later named Gigi, was separated from her mother using a form of lasso attached to her flukes. Gigi was displayed at <a href="/wiki/SeaWorld_San_Diego" title="SeaWorld San Diego">SeaWorld San Diego</a> for a year. She was then released with a radio beacon affixed to her back; however, contact was lost after three weeks. Gigi was the first captive baleen whale. JJ, another <a href="/wiki/Gray_whale" title="Gray whale">gray whale</a> calf, was kept at <a href="/wiki/SeaWorld_San_Diego" title="SeaWorld San Diego">SeaWorld San Diego</a>. JJ was an orphaned calf that beached itself in April 1997 and was transported two miles to SeaWorld. The 680 kilograms (1,500 lb) calf was a popular attraction and behaved normally, despite separation from his mother. A year later, the then 8,164.7 kilograms (18,000 lb) whale though smaller than average, was too big to keep in captivity, and was released on April 1, 1998. A captive <a href="/wiki/Amazon_river_dolphin" title="Amazon river dolphin">Amazon river dolphin</a> housed at <a href="/wiki/Acuario_de_Valencia" class="mw-redirect" title="Acuario de Valencia">Acuario de Valencia</a> is the only trained <a href="/wiki/River_dolphin" title="River dolphin">river dolphin</a> in captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-Whales_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whales-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFUhen,_M.D.2008" class="citation journal cs1">Uhen, M.D. (2008). "New protocetid whales from Alabama and Mississippi, and a new Cetacean clade, Pelagiceti". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Vertebrate_Paleontology" title="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology">Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology</a></i>. <b>28</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">589–</span>593. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1671%2F0272-4634%282008%2928%5B589%3ANPWFAA%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[589:NPWFAA]2.0.CO;2</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20490986">20490986</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86326007">86326007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.atitle=New+protocetid+whales+from+Alabama+and+Mississippi%2C+and+a+new+Cetacean+clade%2C+Pelagiceti&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E589-%3C%2Fspan%3E593&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A86326007%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20490986%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1671%2F0272-4634%282008%2928%5B589%3ANPWFAA%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft.au=Uhen%2C+M.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACetacea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFordyce,_E.de_Muizon,_C.2001" class="citation conference cs1">Fordyce, E.; de Muizon, C. (2001). "Evolutionary history of the cetaceans: a review". In Mazin, J.-M.; de Buffrénil, V. (eds.). <i>Secondary Adaptations of Tetrapods to Life in the Water: Proceedings of the international meeting, Poitiers, 1996</i>. 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(2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313901">"Anatomy of nasal complex in the southern right whale, Eubalaena australis (Cetacea, Mysticeti)"</a>. <i>Journal of Anatomy</i>. <b>226</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">81–</span>92. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjoa.12250">10.1111/joa.12250</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1469-7580">1469-7580</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313901">4313901</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25440939">25440939</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Anatomy&rft.atitle=Anatomy+of+nasal+complex+in+the+southern+right+whale%2C+Eubalaena+australis+%28Cetacea%2C+Mysticeti%29&rft.volume=226&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E81-%3C%2Fspan%3E92&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4313901%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1469-7580&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25440939&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjoa.12250&rft.aulast=Buono&rft.aufirst=M%C3%B3nica+R.&rft.au=Fern%C3%A1ndez%2C+Marta+S.&rft.au=Fordyce%2C+R.+Ewan&rft.au=Reidenberg%2C+Joy+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4313901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACetacea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klima1999-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Klima1999_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMilan_Klima1999" class="citation book cs1">Milan Klima (29 January 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kOHAz9SCL54C"><i>Development of the Cetacean Nasal Skull</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-64996-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-64996-0"><bdi>978-3-540-64996-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Development+of+the+Cetacean+Nasal+Skull&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1999-01-29&rft.isbn=978-3-540-64996-0&rft.au=Milan+Klima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkOHAz9SCL54C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACetacea" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (April 2018)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCranfordAmundinNorris1996" class="citation journal cs1">Cranford, Ted W.; Amundin, Mats; Norris, Kenneth S. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199606)228:3%3C223::AID-JMOR1%3E3.0.CO;2-3">"Functional morphology and homology in the odontocete nasal complex: Implications for sound generation"</a>. <i>Journal of Morphology</i>. <b>228</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">223–</span>285. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-4687%28199606%29228%3A3%3C223%3A%3AAID-JMOR1%3E3.0.CO%3B2-3">10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199606)228:3<223::AID-JMOR1>3.0.CO;2-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1097-4687">1097-4687</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Morphology&rft.atitle=Functional+morphology+and+homology+in+the+odontocete+nasal+complex%3A+Implications+for+sound+generation&rft.volume=228&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E223-%3C%2Fspan%3E285&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-4687%28199606%29228%3A3%3C223%3A%3AAID-JMOR1%3E3.0.CO%3B2-3&rft.issn=1097-4687&rft.aulast=Cranford&rft.aufirst=Ted+W.&rft.au=Amundin%2C+Mats&rft.au=Norris%2C+Kenneth+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-4687%28199606%29228%3A3%253C223%3A%3AAID-JMOR1%253E3.0.CO%3B2-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACetacea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://us.whales.org/whales-dolphins/what-is-baleen/">"What is baleen?"</a>. <i>Whale & Dolphin Conservation USA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/07/guiana-dolphins-can-use-electric.html?ref=hp">the original</a> on 2013-05-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Guiana+Dolphins+Can+Use+Electric+Signals+to+Locate+Prey&rft.date=2011-07&rft.aulast=Morell&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sciencemag.org%2Fsciencenow%2F2011%2F07%2Fguiana-dolphins-can-use-electric.html%3Fref%3Dhp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACetacea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMead" class="citation web cs1">Mead, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/cetacean/105982">"Cetacea"</a>. <i>Britannica School High</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica+School+High&rft.atitle=Cetacea&rft.aulast=Mead&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fschool.eb.com%2Flevels%2Fhigh%2Farticle%2Fcetacean%2F105982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACetacea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thewissen-Hearing-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thewissen-Hearing_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThewissen2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Thewissen" title="Hans Thewissen">Thewissen</a>, J. G. M. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofma2002unse/page/570">"Hearing"</a>. In Perrin, William R.; Wiirsig, Bernd; <a href="/wiki/Hans_Thewissen" title="Hans Thewissen">Thewissen</a>, J. G. M. (eds.). <i>Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals</i>. Academic Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofma2002unse/page/570">570–572</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-551340-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-551340-1"><bdi>978-0-12-551340-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hearing&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Marine+Mammals&rft.pages=570-572&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-12-551340-1&rft.aulast=Thewissen&rft.aufirst=J.+G.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofma2002unse%2Fpage%2F570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACetacea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKetten1992" class="citation book cs1">Ketten, Darlene R. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230691464">"The Marine Mammal Ear: Specializations for Aquatic Audition and Echolocation"</a>. In Webster, Douglas B.; Fay, Richard R.; Popper, Arthur N. (eds.). <i>The Evolutionary Biology of Hearing</i>. Springer. pp. <span class="nowrap">717–</span>750.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Marine+Mammal+Ear%3A+Specializations+for+Aquatic+Audition+and+Echolocation&rft.btitle=The+Evolutionary+Biology+of+Hearing&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E717-%3C%2Fspan%3E750&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Ketten&rft.aufirst=Darlene+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F230691464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACetacea" class="Z3988"></span> Pages 725–727 used here.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-emm-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-emm_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHooker2009" class="citation book cs1">Hooker, Sascha K. (2009). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dolphins%2C+Porpoises%2C+and+Whales+of+the+World%3A+the+IUCN+Red+Data+Book&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Klinowska&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.au=Cooke%2C+Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportals.iucn.org%2Flibrary%2Fsites%2Flibrary%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2FRD-1991-001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACetacea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJ._L._SumichT._GoffW._L._Perryman2001" class="citation journal cs1">J. L. Sumich; T. Goff; W. L. Perryman (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aquaticmammalsjournal.org/share/AquaticMammalsIssueArchives/2001/AquaticMammals_27-03/27-03_Goff.pdf">"Growth of two gray whale calves"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Aquatic Mammals</i>: <span class="nowrap">231–</span>233. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015214719/http://www.aquaticmammalsjournal.org/share/AquaticMammalsIssueArchives/2001/AquaticMammals_27-03/27-03_Goff.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2015-10-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Mammals&rft.atitle=Growth+of+two+gray+whale+calves&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E231-%3C%2Fspan%3E233&rft.date=2001&rft.au=J.+L.+Sumich&rft.au=T.+Goff&rft.au=W.+L.+Perryman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aquaticmammalsjournal.org%2Fshare%2FAquaticMammalsIssueArchives%2F2001%2FAquaticMammals_27-03%2F27-03_Goff.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACetacea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cetacea" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Cetacea">Cetacea</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/40px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/60px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/120px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Cetacea">Cetacea</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cetacea" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cetacea">Cetacea</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Dichotomous_Key/Cetacea" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Dichotomous Key/Cetacea">Cetacea</a> at Wikibooks</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Cetacea"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cetacea">"Cetacea" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cetacea&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACetacea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eoearth.org/article/Cetaceans?topic=49540">"Cetaceans"</a>. Encyclopedia of Earth.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cetaceans&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+of+Earth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eoearth.org%2Farticle%2FCetaceans%3Ftopic%3D49540&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACetacea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crru.org.uk/">Scottish Cetacean Research & Rescue</a> – see page on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crru.org.uk/taxonomy.asp">Taxonomy</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/news/plants_animals/dolphins_and_whales/">"Dolphin and Whale News"</a>. <i>Science Daily</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+Daily&rft.atitle=Dolphin+and+Whale+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Fnews%2Fplants_animals%2Fdolphins_and_whales%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACetacea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFutuyma1998" class="citation web cs1">Futuyma, Douglas J. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080529032651/http://www.stephenjaygould.org/library/futuyma_cetacea.html">"Cetacea Evolution"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stephenjaygould.org/library/futuyma_cetacea.html">the original</a> on 2008-05-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cetacea+Evolution&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Futuyma&rft.aufirst=Douglas+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stephenjaygould.org%2Flibrary%2Ffutuyma_cetacea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACetacea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110227051045/http://www.eia-international.org/campaigns/species/cetaceans/">EIA Cetacean campaign</a>: Reports and latest info.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101121062046/http://www.eia-global.org/species_in_peril/">EIA in USA</a>: reports etc.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Yinotheria" title="Yinotheria">Yinotheria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Australosphenida20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australosphenida" title="Australosphenida">Australosphenida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monotreme" title="Monotreme">Monotremata <small>(platypuses and echidnas)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theria" title="Theria">Theria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metatheria" title="Metatheria">Metatheria</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Marsupial" title="Marsupial">Marsupial</a> inclusive)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ameridelphia" title="Ameridelphia">Ameridelphia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paucituberculata" title="Paucituberculata">Paucituberculata <small>(shrew opossums)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opossum" title="Opossum">Didelphimorphia <small>(opossums)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australidelphia" title="Australidelphia">Australidelphia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microbiotheria" title="Microbiotheria">Microbiotheria <small>(monitos del monte)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notoryctidae" title="Notoryctidae">Notoryctemorphia <small>(marsupial moles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasyuromorphia" title="Dasyuromorphia">Dasyuromorphia <small>(quolls and dunnarts)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peramelemorphia" title="Peramelemorphia">Peramelemorphia <small>(bilbies and bandicoots)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diprotodontia" title="Diprotodontia">Diprotodontia <small>(kangaroos, koalas, and relatives)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">Eutheria</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia">Placental</a> inclusive)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atlantogenata" title="Atlantogenata">Atlantogenata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xenarthra" title="Xenarthra">Xenarthra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cingulata" title="Cingulata">Cingulata <small>(armadillos)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilosa" title="Pilosa">Pilosa <small>(anteaters and sloths)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afrotheria" title="Afrotheria">Afrotheria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrosoricida" title="Afrosoricida">Afrosoricida <small>(tenrecs, golden moles, and otter shrews)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_shrew" title="Elephant shrew">Macroscelidea <small>(elephant shrews)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orycteropodidae" title="Orycteropodidae">Tubulidentata <small>(aardvarks)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyrax" title="Hyrax">Hyracoidea <small>(hyraxes)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proboscidea" title="Proboscidea">Proboscidea <small>(elephants)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirenia" title="Sirenia">Sirenia <small>(dugongs and manatees)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boreoeutheria" title="Boreoeutheria">Boreoeutheria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Laurasiatheria" title="Laurasiatheria">Laurasiatheria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eulipotyphla" title="Eulipotyphla">Eulipotyphla <small>(hedgehogs, shrews, moles and relatives)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">Chiroptera <small>(bats)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangolin" title="Pangolin">Pholidota <small>(pangolins)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora <small>(dogs, cats and relatives)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd-toed_ungulate" class="mw-redirect" title="Odd-toed ungulate">Perissodactyla <small>(horses, zebras, donkeys, rhinoceroses and tapirs)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artiodactyl" title="Artiodactyl">Artiodactyla <small>(pigs, camels, hippos, deer, buffalo, gazelles, giraffes, whales, dolphins and relatives)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Euarchontoglires" title="Euarchontoglires">Euarchontoglires</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">Rodentia <small>(rats, mice, guinea pigs, squirrels, beavers, chinchillas, porcupines, capybaras and relatives)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagomorpha" title="Lagomorpha">Lagomorpha <small>(rabbits, hares and pikas)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treeshrew" title="Treeshrew">Scandentia <small>(treeshrews)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colugo" title="Colugo">Dermoptera <small>(colugos)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">Primates <small>(lorises, lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes (including humans) and relatives)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extant_Cetacea_species374" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cetacea" title="Template:Cetacea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cetacea" title="Template talk:Cetacea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cetacea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cetacea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extant_Cetacea_species374" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cetacea</a> species</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Infraclass <a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">Eutheria</a></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/wiki/Laurasiatheria" title="Laurasiatheria">Laurasiatheria</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Artiodactyl" title="Artiodactyl">Artiodactyla</a></li> <li>Suborder <a href="/wiki/Whippomorpha" title="Whippomorpha">Whippomorpha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parvorder_Mysticeti_(Baleen_whales)374" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parvorder <a href="/wiki/Baleen_whale" title="Baleen whale">Mysticeti <small>(Baleen whales)</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balaenidae" title="Balaenidae">Balaenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whale" title="Bowhead whale">Balaena</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whale" title="Bowhead whale">Bowhead whale (<i>B. mysticetus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Right_whale" title="Right whale">Eubalaena</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Right whales)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_right_whale" title="Southern right whale">Southern right whale (<i>E. australis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_right_whale" title="North Atlantic right whale">North Atlantic right whale (<i>E. glacialis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Pacific_right_whale" title="North Pacific right whale">North Pacific right whale (<i>E. japonica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rorqual" title="Rorqual">Balaenopteridae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Rorquals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Balaenoptera" title="Balaenoptera">Balaenoptera</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_minke_whale" title="Common minke whale">Common minke whale (<i>B. acutorostrata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_minke_whale" title="Antarctic minke whale">Antarctic minke whale (<i>B. bonaerensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sei_whale" title="Sei whale">Sei whale (<i>B. borealis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryde%27s_whale" title="Bryde's whale">Bryde's whale (<i>B. brydei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryde%27s_whale" title="Bryde's whale">Pygmy Bryde's whale (<i>B. edeni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_whale" title="Blue whale">Blue whale (<i>B. musculus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omura%27s_whale" title="Omura's whale">Omura's whale (<i>B. omurai</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fin_whale" title="Fin whale">Fin whale (<i>B. physalus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice%27s_whale" title="Rice's whale">Rice's whale (<i>B. ricei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Gray_whale" title="Gray whale">Eschrichtius</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gray_whale" title="Gray whale">Gray whale (<i>E. robustus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">Megaptera</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">Humpback whale (<i>M. novaeangliae</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cetotheriidae" title="Cetotheriidae">Cetotheriidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Caperea33" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_right_whale" title="Pygmy right whale">Caperea</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_right_whale" title="Pygmy right whale">Pygmy right whale (<i>C. marginata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parvorder_Odontoceti_(Toothed_whales)374" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parvorder <a href="/wiki/Toothed_whale" title="Toothed whale">Odontoceti <small>(Toothed whales)</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_dolphin" title="Oceanic dolphin">Delphinidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Oceanic dolphins)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Cephalorhynchus" title="Cephalorhynchus">Cephalorhynchus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commerson%27s_dolphin" title="Commerson's dolphin">Commerson's dolphin (<i>C. commersonii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_dolphin" title="Chilean dolphin">Chilean dolphin (<i>C. eutropia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaviside%27s_dolphin" title="Heaviside's dolphin">Heaviside's dolphin (<i>C. heavisidii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector%27s_dolphin" title="Hector's dolphin">Hector's dolphin (<i>C. hectori</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Common_dolphin" title="Common dolphin">Delphinus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_dolphin" title="Common dolphin">Common dolphin (<i>D. delphis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_killer_whale" title="Pygmy killer whale">Feresa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_killer_whale" title="Pygmy killer whale">Pygmy killer whale (<i>F. attenuata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pilot_whale" title="Pilot whale">Globicephala</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Pilot whales)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short-finned_pilot_whale" title="Short-finned pilot whale">Short-finned pilot whale (<i>G. macrorhynchus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-finned_pilot_whale" title="Long-finned pilot whale">Long-finned pilot whale (<i>G. melas</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Risso%27s_dolphin" title="Risso's dolphin">Grampus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Risso%27s_dolphin" title="Risso's dolphin">Risso's dolphin (<i>G. griseus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Fraser%27s_dolphin" title="Fraser's dolphin">Lagenodelphis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fraser%27s_dolphin" title="Fraser's dolphin">Fraser's dolphin (<i>L. hosei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Lagenorhynchus" title="Lagenorhynchus">Lagenorhynchus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-beaked_dolphin" title="White-beaked dolphin">White-beaked dolphin (<i>L. albirostris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_white-sided_dolphin" title="Atlantic white-sided dolphin">Atlantic white-sided dolphin (<i>L. acutus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peale%27s_dolphin" title="Peale's dolphin">Peale's dolphin (<i>L. australis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hourglass_dolphin" title="Hourglass dolphin">Hourglass dolphin (<i>L. cruciger</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_white-sided_dolphin" title="Pacific white-sided dolphin">Pacific white-sided dolphin (<i>L. obliquidens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusky_dolphin" title="Dusky dolphin">Dusky dolphin (<i>L. obscurus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Right_whale_dolphin" title="Right whale dolphin">Lissodelphis</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Right whale dolphins)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_right_whale_dolphin" title="Northern right whale dolphin">Northern right whale dolphin (<i>L. borealis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_right_whale_dolphin" title="Southern right whale dolphin">Southern right whale dolphin (<i>L. peronii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Orcaella" title="Orcaella">Orcaella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irrawaddy_dolphin" title="Irrawaddy dolphin">Irrawaddy dolphin (<i>O. brevirostris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_snubfin_dolphin" title="Australian snubfin dolphin">Australian snubfin dolphin (<i>O. heinsohni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Orcinus" title="Orcinus">Orcinus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orca" title="Orca">Orca or killer whale (<i>O. orca</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Melon-headed_whale" title="Melon-headed whale">Peponocephala</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melon-headed_whale" title="Melon-headed whale">Melon-headed whale (<i>P. electra</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/False_killer_whale" title="False killer whale">Pseudorca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/False_killer_whale" title="False killer whale">False killer whale (<i>P. crassidens</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Sotalia_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sotalia (genus)">Sotalia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tucuxi" title="Tucuxi">Tucuxi (<i>S. fluviatilis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiana_dolphin" title="Guiana dolphin">Guiana dolphin (<i>S. guianensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Humpback_dolphin" title="Humpback dolphin">Sousa</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Humpback dolphins)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_humpback_dolphin" title="Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin">Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (<i>S. chinensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_humpback_dolphin" title="Indian Ocean humpback dolphin">Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (<i>S. plumbea</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_humpback_dolphin" title="Australian humpback dolphin">Australian humpback dolphin (<i>S. sahulensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_humpback_dolphin" title="Atlantic humpback dolphin">Atlantic humpback dolphin (<i>S. teuszii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Stenella" title="Stenella">Stenella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantropical_spotted_dolphin" title="Pantropical spotted dolphin">Pantropical spotted dolphin (<i>S. attenuata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clymene_dolphin" title="Clymene dolphin">Clymene dolphin (<i>S. clymene</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_dolphin" title="Striped dolphin">Striped dolphin (<i>S. coeruleoalba</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_spotted_dolphin" title="Atlantic spotted dolphin">Atlantic spotted dolphin (<i>S. frontalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinner_dolphin" title="Spinner dolphin">Spinner dolphin (<i>S. longirostris</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Rough-toothed_dolphin" title="Rough-toothed dolphin">Steno</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rough-toothed_dolphin" title="Rough-toothed dolphin">Rough-toothed dolphin (<i>S. bredanensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin" title="Bottlenose dolphin">Tursiops</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Bottlenose dolphins)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_bottlenose_dolphin" title="Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin">Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (<i>T. aduncus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrunan_dolphin" title="Burrunan dolphin">Burrunan dolphin (<i>T. australis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamanend%27s_bottlenose_dolphin" title="Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin">Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin (<i>T. erebennus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_bottlenose_dolphin" title="Common bottlenose dolphin">Common bottlenose dolphin (<i>T. truncatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monodontidae" title="Monodontidae">Monodontidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">Delphinapterus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beluga_whale" title="Beluga whale">Beluga whale (<i>D. leucas</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Narwhal" title="Narwhal">Monodon</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narwhal" title="Narwhal">Narwhal (<i>M. monoceros</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Porpoise" title="Porpoise">Phocoenidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Porpoises)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Finless_porpoise" title="Finless porpoise">Neophocoena</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Finless porpoises)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_finless_porpoise" title="Indo-Pacific finless porpoise">Indo-Pacific finless porpoise (<i>N. phocaenoides</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_finless_porpoise" title="Yangtze finless porpoise">Yangtze finless porpoise (<i>N. asiaeorientalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_finless_porpoise" title="East Asian finless porpoise">East Asian finless porpoise (<i>N. sunameri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Phocoena" title="Phocoena">Phocoena</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spectacled_porpoise" title="Spectacled porpoise">Spectacled porpoise (<i>P. dioptrica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbour_porpoise" title="Harbour porpoise">Harbour porpoise (<i>P. phocoena</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaquita" title="Vaquita">Vaquita (<i>P. sinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmeister%27s_porpoise" title="Burmeister's porpoise">Burmeister's porpoise (<i>P. spinipinnis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Dall%27s_porpoise" title="Dall's porpoise">Phocoenoides</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dall%27s_porpoise" title="Dall's porpoise">Dall's porpoise (<i>P. dalli</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Physeteroidea" title="Physeteroidea">Physeteridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Physeter16" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Physeter" title="Physeter">Physeter</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">Sperm whale (<i>P. macrocephalus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kogiidae" title="Kogiidae">Kogiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Kogia13" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Kogia" title="Kogia">Kogia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_sperm_whale" title="Pygmy sperm whale">Pygmy sperm whale (<i>K. breviceps</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_sperm_whale" title="Dwarf sperm whale">Dwarf sperm whale (<i>K. simus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iniidae" title="Iniidae">Iniidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Inia12" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Inia" title="Inia">Inia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araguaian_river_dolphin" title="Araguaian river dolphin">Araguaian river dolphin (<i>I. araguaiaensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_river_dolphin" title="Bolivian river dolphin">Bolivian river dolphin (<i>I. boliviensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_river_dolphin" title="Amazon river dolphin">Amazon river dolphin (<i>I. geoffrensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lipotidae" title="Lipotidae">Lipotidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lipotes21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Baiji" title="Baiji">Lipotes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baiji" title="Baiji">Baiji (<i>L. vexillifer</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Platanistidae" title="Platanistidae">Platanistidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Platanista44" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_river_dolphin" title="South Asian river dolphin">Platanista</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_river_dolphin" title="Ganges river dolphin">Ganges river dolphin (<i>P. gangetica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_river_dolphin" title="Indus river dolphin">Indus river dolphin (<i>P. minor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/La_Plata_dolphin" title="La Plata dolphin">Pontoporiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pontoporia35" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/La_Plata_dolphin" title="La Plata dolphin">Pontoporia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Plata_dolphin" title="La Plata dolphin">La Plata dolphin (<i>P. blainvillei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beaked_whale" title="Beaked whale">Ziphiidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Beaked whales)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Berardius" title="Berardius">Berardius</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnoux%27s_beaked_whale" title="Arnoux's beaked whale">Arnoux's beaked whale (<i>B. arnuxii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baird%27s_beaked_whale" title="Baird's beaked whale">Baird's beaked whale (<i>B. bairdii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sato%27s_beaked_whale" title="Sato's beaked whale">Sato's beaked whale (<i>B. minimus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_whale" title="Bottlenose whale">Hyperoodon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Bottlenose whales)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_bottlenose_whale" title="Northern bottlenose whale">Northern bottlenose whale (<i>H. ampullatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_bottlenose_whale" title="Southern bottlenose whale">Southern bottlenose whale (<i>H. planifrons</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tropical_bottlenose_whale" title="Tropical bottlenose whale">Indopacetus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_bottlenose_whale" title="Tropical bottlenose whale">Tropical bottlenose whale (<i>I. pacificus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Mesoplodont_whale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoplodont whale">Mesoplodon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(Mesoplodont whales)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sowerby%27s_beaked_whale" title="Sowerby's beaked whale">Sowerby's beaked whale (<i>M. bidens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrews%27_beaked_whale" title="Andrews' beaked whale">Andrews' beaked whale (<i>M. bowdoini</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubbs%27_beaked_whale" title="Hubbs' beaked whale">Hubbs' beaked whale (<i>M. carlhubbsi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blainville%27s_beaked_whale" title="Blainville's beaked whale">Blainville's beaked whale (<i>M. densirostris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramari%27s_beaked_whale" title="Ramari's beaked whale">Ramari's beaked whale (<i>M. eueu</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gervais%27s_beaked_whale" title="Gervais's beaked whale">Gervais's beaked whale (<i>M. europaeus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgo-toothed_beaked_whale" title="Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale">Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale (<i>M. ginkgodens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_beaked_whale" title="Gray's beaked whale">Gray's beaked whale (<i>M. grayi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector%27s_beaked_whale" title="Hector's beaked whale">Hector's beaked whale (<i>M. hectori</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deraniyagala%27s_beaked_whale" title="Deraniyagala's beaked whale">Deraniyagala's beaked whale (<i>M. hotaula</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strap-toothed_whale" title="Strap-toothed whale">Strap-toothed whale (<i>M. layardii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True%27s_beaked_whale" title="True's beaked whale">True's beaked whale (<i>M. mirus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrin%27s_beaked_whale" title="Perrin's beaked whale">Perrin's beaked whale (<i>M. perrini</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_beaked_whale" title="Pygmy beaked whale">Pygmy beaked whale (<i>M. peruvianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stejneger%27s_beaked_whale" title="Stejneger's beaked whale">Stejneger's beaked whale (<i>M. stejnegeri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spade-toothed_whale" title="Spade-toothed whale">Spade-toothed whale (<i>M. traversii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_beaked_whale" title="Shepherd's beaked whale">Tasmacetus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_beaked_whale" title="Shepherd's beaked whale">Shepherd's beaked whale (<i>T. shepherdi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Cuvier%27s_beaked_whale" title="Cuvier's beaked whale">Ziphius </a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuvier%27s_beaked_whale" title="Cuvier's beaked whale">Cuvier's beaked whale (<i>Z. cavirostris</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 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.portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sperm_whale_fluke.jpg/21px-Sperm_whale_fluke.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sperm_whale_fluke.jpg/32px-Sperm_whale_fluke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sperm_whale_fluke.jpg/42px-Sperm_whale_fluke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="239" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cetaceans" title="Portal:Cetaceans">Cetaceans</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Okapi2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/21px-Okapi2.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/32px-Okapi2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/42px-Okapi2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1707" data-file-height="1482" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mammals" title="Portal:Mammals">Mammals</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Yellow.tang.arp.jpg/21px-Yellow.tang.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Yellow.tang.arp.jpg/32px-Yellow.tang.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Yellow.tang.arp.jpg/42px-Yellow.tang.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1315" data-file-height="1039" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Marine_life" title="Portal:Marine life">Marine life</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/21px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/32px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/42px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1358" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceans" title="Portal:Oceans">Oceans</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers4567" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers4567" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Cetacea</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q160">Q160</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Cetacea">Cetacea</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Cetacea/">Cetacea</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Cetacea">Cetacea</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id20741">20741</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=303">303</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/WP">WP</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/7649">7649</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1CETAO">1CETAO</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/733">733</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/152871">152871</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10262">10262</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=180403">180403</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=14300001">14300001</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0000376171">NHMSYS0000376171</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9721">9721</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/8f9e8922-b0d7-45b2-84b6-de4fb895042a">8f9e8922-b0d7-45b2-84b6-de4fb895042a</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=698424">698424</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36652">36652</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=2688">2688</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Pelagiceti</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37496661" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q37496661">Q37496661</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pelagiceti" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Pelagiceti">Pelagiceti</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/61129705">61129705</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=134057">134057</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Taxonomicon: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonName.aspx?id=6431402">6431402</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Neoceti</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21075082" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q21075082">Q21075082</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Neoceti" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Neoceti">Neoceti</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63145">63145</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox1613" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Wale"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4064432-7">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cetacea"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85022218">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119792857">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119792857">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="kytovci"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph122072&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cetáceos"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX532182">Spain</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987012440948305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&oldid=1281202243">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cetacea&oldid=1281202243</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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