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High blood pressure, atrial fibrillation and smoking linked to severe stroke risk
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" 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<div class="h1-wrap"> <h1 id="h1-6d8e51aa-da47-4fcd-9203-d1af744a1c72" itemprop="headline" class="page-title">High blood pressure, atrial fibrillation and smoking linked to severe stroke risk</h1> </div> <div class="in-content-ctas-container in-content-ctas-container-top in-content-ctas-container-with-reviewers-notes"> <div class="in-content-ctas in-content-ctas-top cta-btns-cols-1"> <ul> <li class="cta-printpdf"><a href="#" class="request-pdf-download" onclick="return false;"><span class="cta-text"><span>Download</span> <span>PDF Copy</span></span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="article-status-details"> <img src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/images/editorial-checklist.svg" alt="Editorial Checklist" width="129" height="150" /> <a href="#" tabindex="0" class="reviewed-indicator" data-content="<p><img src="https://d2jx2rerrg6sh3.cloudfront.net/image.axd?picture=2014%2f7%2fStroke-80x70.jpg" alt="" width="80" height="70" /> This article has been provided by <a href="https://www.aan.com/PressRoom/Home/PressRelease/5212" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">American Academy of Neurology</a> and subjected to News-Medical.Net's <a href="/medical/content-policy">review protocols</a>, complying with its guidelines. To guarantee the article's authority, our editing team has highlighted the following features: verified accuracy, undergone scholarly review, sourced from a reliable authority, and meticulously scrutinized for errors. Modifications may be made to the article's style and length.</p>">Reviewed</a> </div> </div> <div class="overlay-content-wrapper"> <div class="reviewers-notes-modal"> <div class="reviewers-notes-body item-body"> <div class="reviewers-notes-content"> </div> <div class="reviewers-notes-close-wrap"> <input class="reviewers-notes-close close-reviewers-notes-button" type="button" value="Close" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div id="body-6d8e51aa-da47-4fcd-9203-d1af744a1c72" class="page-content clearfix" itemprop="articleBody"> <div id="mobile-top-promo-spot" class="mobile-promo-wrap mobile-promo-leaderboard-320"> <div class="mobile-promo-item sponsorer-note-bottom" id='div-gpt-mobile-top-leaderboard' style='width:320px; min-height:65px; text-align: center;'> <script type='text/javascript'> if (g_displayableSlots.mobileTopLeaderboard) { pushDisplayAd(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-mobile-top-leaderboard'); }); } </script> </div> </div><div class="article-meta article-meta-byline"><span class="article-meta-contents"><span class="article-meta-left"><span class="article-meta-source"><a href="https://www.aan.com/PressRoom/Home/PressRelease/5212" rel="noopener">American Academy of Neurology</a></span></span><span class="article-meta-right article-meta-right-with-date article-meta-right-one-item"><span class="article-meta-date">Nov 13 2024</span></span></span></div><span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="News Medical" /><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.news-medical.net/" /></span> <p>People with conditions or habits such as high blood pressure, an irregular heartbeat called atrial fibrillation, or smoking, not only have a higher risk of stroke, they may also have more severe strokes than people without these risk factors, according to a study published in the November 13, 2024, online issue of <em>Neurology<sup>®</sup></em>, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.</p> <blockquote> <p>Stroke can lead to disability or even death, yet there are a number of risk factors that people can modify with a change in lifestyle or medication. Our results emphasize the importance of managing risk factors for stroke, especially high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation and smoking in order to prevent severe, disabling stroke."</p> <p style="text-align: right;">Catriona Reddin, MD, <span style="font-style: italic; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">study author</span> at the University of Galway in Ireland and a member of the American Academy of Neurology</p> </blockquote> <p>The study involved 26,948 people from 32 countries with an average age of 62. Of this group, half the people had a stroke and half were people who did not have a stroke. Participants without stroke were matched for age and sex to people who had stroke.</p> <p>Of those with stroke, 4,848 people had a severe stroke and 8,612 people had a mild to moderate stroke. Severe stroke was defined as outcomes ranging from being unable to walk or care for oneself without assistance to requiring constant nursing care to death. Mild to moderate stroke was defined as outcomes ranging from having no symptoms to requiring some help with personal care but being able to walk without the assistance of another person.</p> <p>Researchers determined the following stroke risk factors for each person: blood pressure higher than 140/90 millimeters of mercury (mmHg); atrial fibrillation; diabetes; high cholesterol; smoking; alcohol use; diet quality; physical inactivity; psychological and social stress; and excess body fat around the waist called waist-to-hip ratio.</p> <p>Researchers compared how important risk factors were for severe stroke and mild to moderate stroke to people who did not have a stroke. Researchers also compared how important risk factors were in those with stroke only, where people with a severe stroke were matched with and compared to people with a mild to severe stroke.</p><div id="mobile-middle-mrec-promo-spot" class="mobile-promo-wrap mobile-promo-mrec"> <div class="mobile-promo-item sponsorer-note-bottom" id='div-gpt-mobile-middle-mrec' style='width:300px; height:250px;'> <script type='text/javascript'> if (g_displayableSlots.mobileMiddleMrec) { pushDisplayAd(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-mobile-middle-mrec'); }); } </script> </div> </div> <!-- end mobile middle mrec --> <p>A total of 74% of those with severe stroke had high blood pressure, compared to 72% of those with mild to moderate stroke. For atrial fibrillation, 11% of those with severe stroke had the condition, compared to 9% of those with mild to moderate stroke. In both groups, 30% were current smokers.</p> <div id="trendmd-conditional-suggestions" class="related-content-embed"></div><div class="related-content-embed related-stories-embed"><h3>Related Stories</h3><ul><li><a href="/news/20250219/Nerinetide-shows-promise-in-stroke-treatment-meta-analysis.aspx">Nerinetide shows promise in stroke treatment meta-analysis</a></li><li><a href="/news/20250207/ESCAPE-MeVO-trial-advances-understanding-of-stroke-treatment-for-medium-sized-vessel-blockages.aspx">ESCAPE-MeVO trial advances understanding of stroke treatment for medium-sized vessel blockages</a></li><li><a href="/news/20250208/Clot-busting-drug-alteplase-shows-promise-for-stroke-treatment-up-to-24-hours-after-onset.aspx">Clot-busting drug alteplase shows promise for stroke treatment up to 24 hours after onset</a></li></ul></div><p>After adjusting for age, sex, country and type of stroke, researchers found people with high blood pressure were 3.2 times more likely to have a severe stroke and 2.9 times more likely to have a mild to moderate stroke than people without high blood pressure.</p> <p>They also found people with atrial fibrillation were 4.7 times more likely to have severe stroke and 3.6 times more likely to have mild to moderate stroke than people without atrial fibrillation.</p> <p>Researchers found people who smoked were 1.9 times more likely to have severe stroke and 1.7 times more likely to have mild to moderate stroke than people who were not current smokers.</p> <p>"Our findings emphasize the importance of controlling high blood pressure, which is the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke globally," said Reddin. "This is particularly relevant for lower- and middle-income countries that have rapidly increasing rates of high blood pressure and strokes at younger ages."</p> <p>A limitation of the study was that some factors that may contribute to stroke severity were not measured. For example, Reddin noted that smoking is associated with factors such as cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that may also contribute to increased stroke severity.</p> <div id="mobile-bottom-promo-spot" class="mobile-promo-wrap mobile-promo-leaderboard-320"> <div class="mobile-promo-item sponsorer-note-bottom" id='div-gpt-mobile-bottom-leaderboard' style='width:320px; min-height:50px; text-align: center;'> <script type='text/javascript'> if (g_displayableSlots.mobileBottomLeaderboard) { pushDisplayAd(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-mobile-bottom-leaderboard'); }); } </script> </div> </div><div id="sources" class="content-source below-content-common-a"><div class="content-src-label">Source:</div><div class="content-src-value"><p><a href="https://www.aan.com/PressRoom/Home/PressRelease/5212" rel="noopener">American Academy of Neurology</a></p></div><div class="content-src-label">Journal reference:</div><div class="content-src-value"><p>Reddin, C.,<em> et al.</em> (2024). Association of Vascular Risk With Severe vs Non-Severe Stroke. <em>Neurology</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000210087" rel="noopener">doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000210087</a>.</p></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="outside-content-zone below-content"> <div class="ratingcontainer" style="visibility:hidden" data-id="6d8e51aa-da47-4fcd-9203-d1af744a1c72" data-raters="0" data-rating=".0" data-page-location="BottomOfContent"></div> <p class="categories">Posted in: <a href="/category/Medical-Research-News.aspx">Medical Research News</a> | <a href="/category/Medical-Condition-News.aspx">Medical Condition News</a></p> <p class="tags">Tags: <a href="/?tag=/Alcohol" rel="tag">Alcohol</a>, <a href="/?tag=/Atrial-Fibrillation" rel="tag">Atrial Fibrillation</a>, <a href="/?tag=/Blood" rel="tag">Blood</a>, <a href="/?tag=/Blood-Pressure" rel="tag">Blood Pressure</a>, <a href="/?tag=/Brain" rel="tag">Brain</a>, <a href="/condition/Cancer" rel="tag">Cancer</a>, <a href="/?tag=/Cholesterol" rel="tag">Cholesterol</a>, <a href="/?tag=/Chronic" rel="tag">Chronic</a>, <a href="/condition/Chronic-Obstructive-Pulmonary-Disease" rel="tag">Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease</a>, <a href="/?tag=/Concussion" rel="tag">Concussion</a>, <a href="/condition/Diabetes" rel="tag">Diabetes</a>, <a href="/condition/Diet" rel="tag">Diet</a>, <a href="/?tag=/Disability" rel="tag">Disability</a>, <a href="/?tag=/Doctor" rel="tag">Doctor</a>, <a href="/condition/Epilepsy" rel="tag">Epilepsy</a>, <a href="/condition/Headache" rel="tag">Headache</a>, <a href="/condition/High-Blood-Pressure" rel="tag">High Blood Pressure</a>, <a href="/?tag=/High-Cholesterol" rel="tag">High Cholesterol</a>, <a href="/condition/Migraine" rel="tag">Migraine</a>, <a href="/condition/Multiple-Sclerosis" rel="tag">Multiple Sclerosis</a>, <a href="/condition/Nervous-System" rel="tag">Nervous System</a>, <a href="/condition/Neurology" rel="tag">Neurology</a>, <a href="/?tag=/Neuroscience" rel="tag">Neuroscience</a>, <a href="/condition/Nursing" rel="tag">Nursing</a>, <a href="/?tag=/Research" rel="tag">Research</a>, <a href="/?tag=/Sclerosis" rel="tag">Sclerosis</a>, <a href="/?tag=/Smoking" rel="tag">Smoking</a>, <a href="/?tag=/Stress" rel="tag">Stress</a>, <a href="/?tag=/Stroke" rel="tag">Stroke</a></p> <div style="display:none;" itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <div itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.news-medical.net/themes/Standard/images/amp_site_logo.jpg" /> <meta itemprop="width" content="600" /> <meta itemprop="height" content="56" /> </div> <meta itemprop="name" content="News-Medical" /> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.news-medical.net/" /> </div> <div class="below-content-footer"> <div class="right snap-suppress-first-snap-network-delimiter"> <a href="#commentblock">Comments (0)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div 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