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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-어원" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#어원"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>어원</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-어원-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-역사" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#역사"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>역사</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-역사-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>역사 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-역사-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-고대" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#고대"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>고대</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-고대-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-근대" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#근대"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>근대</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-근대-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20세기_이후" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20세기_이후"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>20세기 이후</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20세기_이후-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-개요" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#개요"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>개요</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-개요-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-지진발생물리학" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#지진발생물리학"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>지진발생물리학</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-지진발생물리학-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-참고_문헌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#참고_문헌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>참고 문헌</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-참고_문헌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외부_링크" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외부_링크"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>외부 링크</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외부_링크-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">지진학</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 83개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismologie" title="Seismologie – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Seismologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84" title="علم الزلازل – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الزلازل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismolox%C3%ADa" title="Sismoloxía – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sismoloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seysmologiya" title="Seysmologiya – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Seysmologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismolohiya" title="Sismolohiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sismolohiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Сейсмалогія – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сейсмалогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Сэйсмалёгія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сэйсмалёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сеизмология – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сеизмология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ভূকম্পবিজ্ঞান – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভূকম্পবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismologiezh" title="Seismologiezh – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Seismologiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seizmologija" title="Seizmologija – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Seizmologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismologia" title="Sismologia – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sismologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AA-c%C4%ABng-h%C5%8Fk" title="Dê-cīng-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dê-cīng-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismologie" title="Seismologie – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Seismologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismoleg" title="Seismoleg – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Seismoleg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismologi" title="Seismologi – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Seismologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismologie" title="Seismologie – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Seismologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Σεισμολογία – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σεισμολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismology" title="Seismology – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Seismology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertremoscienco" title="Tertremoscienco – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tertremoscienco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismolog%C3%ADa" title="Sismología – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sismología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismoloogia" title="Seismoloogia – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Seismoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismologia" title="Sismologia – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sismologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="لرزه‌شناسی – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لرزه‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismologia" title="Seismologia – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Seismologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismologie" title="Sismologie – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sismologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismology" title="Seismology – 서부 프리지아어" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Seismology" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="서부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismeola%C3%ADocht" title="Seismeolaíocht – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Seismeolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismolox%C3%ADa" title="Sismoloxía – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sismoloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="סייסמולוגיה – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סייסמולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भूकम्पविज्ञान – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भूकम्पविज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seizmologija" title="Seizmologija – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Seizmologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismoloji" title="Sismoloji – 아이티어" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sismoloji" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="아이티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szeizmol%C3%B3gia" title="Szeizmológia – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szeizmológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Երկրաշարժագիտություն – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկրաշարժագիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismologi" title="Seismologi – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Seismologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jar%C3%B0skj%C3%A1lftafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Jarðskjálftafræði – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jarðskjálftafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismologia" title="Sismologia – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sismologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%A6" title="地震学 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地震学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სეისმოლოგია – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სეისმოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сейсмология – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сейсмология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AEsmoloj%C3%AE" title="Sîsmolojî – 쿠르드어" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sîsmolojî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сейсмология – 키르기스어" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сейсмология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="키르기스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismologia" title="Sismologia – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sismologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismologie" title="Seismologie – 림버거어" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Seismologie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="림버거어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismologija" title="Seismologija – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Seismologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismolo%C4%A3ija" title="Seismoloģija – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Seismoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismologi" title="Seismologi – 미낭카바우어" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Seismologi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="미낭카바우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Сеизмологија – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сеизмологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF" title="സീസ്മോളജി – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സീസ്മോളജി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismologi" title="Seismologi – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Seismologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tl%C4%81lol%C4%ABnilizmatiliztli" title="Tlālolīnilizmatiliztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlālolīnilizmatiliztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismologie" title="Seismologie – 저지 독일어" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Seismologie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="저지 독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismologie" title="Seismologie – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Seismologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismologi" title="Seismologi – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Seismologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismologi" title="Seismologi – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Seismologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismologia" title="Sismologia – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sismologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejsmologia" title="Sejsmologia – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sejsmologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismolog%C3%ACa" title="Sismologìa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Sismologìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%87_%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="زلزله ‌پوهنه – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="زلزله ‌پوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismologia" title="Sismologia – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sismologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismologie" title="Seismologie – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Seismologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сейсмология – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сейсмология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seizmologija" title="Seizmologija – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Seizmologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismology" title="Seismology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Seismology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seizmol%C3%B3gia" title="Seizmológia – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Seizmológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seizmologija" title="Seizmologija – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Seizmologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sizmologjia" title="Sizmologjia – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sizmologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seizmologija" title="Seizmologija – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Seizmologija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismologi" title="Seismologi – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Seismologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="நில நடுக்கவியல் – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நில நடுக்கவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7" title="วิทยาแผ่นดินไหว – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิทยาแผ่นดินไหว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismolohiya" title="Sismolohiya – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sismolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismoloji" title="Sismoloji – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sismoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Сейсмологія – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сейсмологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زلزلہ شناسی – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زلزلہ شناسی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seysmologiya" title="Seysmologiya – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Seysmologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Ba_ch%E1%BA%A5n_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Địa chấn học – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Địa chấn học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismolohiya" title="Sismolohiya – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sismolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" title="地震學 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="地震學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EB%B0%9C%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="지진발생물리학">지진발생물리학</a>에서 넘어옴)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Seismograph_-_National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science,_Tokyo_-_DSC07172.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Seismograph_-_National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science%2C_Tokyo_-_DSC07172.JPG/250px-Seismograph_-_National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science%2C_Tokyo_-_DSC07172.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Seismograph_-_National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science%2C_Tokyo_-_DSC07172.JPG/375px-Seismograph_-_National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science%2C_Tokyo_-_DSC07172.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Seismograph_-_National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science%2C_Tokyo_-_DSC07172.JPG/500px-Seismograph_-_National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science%2C_Tokyo_-_DSC07172.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="지진">지진</a>으로 발생한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%8C%8C" title="지진파">지진파</a>를 감지하는 데 사용하는 대표적인 기계인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EA%B3%84" title="지진계">지진계</a>의 모습</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="분류:지진">시리즈</a>의 일부</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle navbox-title" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.2em;font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="지진">지진</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%9C%A0%ED%98%95" title="지진의 유형">유형</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%A7%84_(%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84)" title="전진 (지진)">전진</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AC%EC%A7%84_(%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84)" title="여진 (지진)">여진</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8%EB%93%9C_%EC%8A%A4%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="블라인드 스러스트 지진">블라인드 스러스트</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A4%91%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="이중지진">이중</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%90_%EA%B2%BD%EA%B3%84%EA%B0%84_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="판 경계간 지진">판경계</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%90_%EB%82%B4%EB%B6%80_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="판 내부 지진">판내부</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EA%B5%AC%ED%98%95_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="해구형 지진">해구형</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%B0%9C%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="유발지진">유발</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8A%90%EB%A6%B0_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" class="mw-redirect" title="느린 지진">느린 지진</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%A0%80_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="해저 지진">해저</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%88%ED%8D%BC%EC%8B%9C%EC%96%B4_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" class="mw-redirect" title="슈퍼시어 지진">슈퍼시어</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%9D%BC%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="해일지진">해일</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%B0%EB%B0%9C%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="군발지진">군발</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">원인</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%B8%B5" title="단층">단층</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0%EC%84%B1_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="화산성 지진">화산성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="인공지진">인공</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">특징</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%EC%95%99" title="진앙">진앙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%EC%9B%90" title="진원">진원</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%EC%98%81%EB%8C%80" title="암영대">암영대</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%8C%8C" title="지진파">지진파</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%ED%8C%8C" title="P파">P파</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%ED%8C%8C" title="S파">S파</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">측정</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EA%B3%84" title="지진계">지진계</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84_%EA%B7%9C%EB%AA%A8" title="지진 규모">지진 규모</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%EB%8F%84_(%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84)" title="진도 (지진)">진도</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84_%EC%98%88%EC%B8%A1" title="지진 예측">예측</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EC%98%88%EC%A7%80%EC%97%B0%EB%9D%BD%ED%9A%8C" title="지진예지연락회">지진예지연락회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84_%EC%98%88%EB%B3%B4" title="지진 예보">예보</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">기타 주제</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9A%A1%ED%8C%8C_%EB%B6%84%EB%A6%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="횡파 분리 (없는 문서)">횡파 분리</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%A0%EB%8D%A4%EC%8A%A4-%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84%EC%8A%A8_%EB%B0%A9%EC%A0%95%EC%8B%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="애덤스-윌리엄슨 방정식 (없는 문서)">애덤스-윌리엄슨 방정식</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%94%8C%EB%A6%B0-%EC%9E%89%EB%8B%AC_%EC%A7%80%EC%97%AD_%EA%B5%AC%EB%B6%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="플린-잉달 지역 구분 (없는 문서)">플린-잉달 지역 구분</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99" title="지진공학">지진공학</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EC%95%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="지진암 (없는 문서)">지진암</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">지진학</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%84%B8:%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="포털:지구과학">지구과학 포털</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="분류:지진">분류</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311309">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="틀:지진"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="틀토론:지진"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="특수:문서편집/틀:지진"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>지진학</b>(地震學, Seismology; <span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA for English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>, <wbr /><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>-/</a></span></span>)은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="지구물리학">지구물리학</a>의 하위항목으로, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="지진">지진</a>(과 더 나아가 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EC%99%B8_%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4%EC%9D%98_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="지구 외 천체의 지진">전반적인 자연적 흔들림 현상</a>)과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC" title="지구">지구</a> 및 지구 외 다른 <a href="/wiki/%ED%96%89%EC%84%B1" title="행성">행성</a>에서의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%A0%ED%98%95%ED%83%84%EC%84%B1" title="선형탄성">탄성파</a> 전파를 연구하는 학문이다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 또한 지진 그 자체 외에도 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%B4%EC%9D%BC" title="지진해일">지진해일</a>과 같이 지진으로 동반되는 여러 영향과 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0" title="화산">화산</a>, 지구조, 빙하, 조석, 해양, 대기, 심지어는 폭발로 인한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="인공지진">인위적 흔들림</a>에까지 이르기에까지 여러 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EC%9B%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="지진원 (없는 문서)">지진원</a>도 연구한다. 이와 관련된 학문으로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88%ED%95%99" title="지질학">지질학</a>을 이용해 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="고지진">과거에 발생했던 지진</a>에 대한 정보를 추론하는 분야인 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="고지진학 (없는 문서)">고지진학</a>도 있다. 시간에 따른 지구의 움직임을 기록한 파형을 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EA%B8%B0%EB%A1%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="지진기록 (없는 문서)">지진기록</a>이라고 부른다. 지진학을 연구하는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90" title="학자">학자</a>를 <b>지진학자</b>(seismologist)라고 부른다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="어원"><span id=".EC.96.B4.EC.9B.90"></span>어원</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 어원"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>지진학의 영어 단어인 'Seismology'는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="고대 그리스어">고대 그리스어</a>에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="지진">지진</a>을 뜻하는 "σεισμός" (seismós)와 학문을 뜻하는 "-λογία"(-logía)의 합성어에서 유래했다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="역사"><span id=".EC.97.AD.EC.82.AC"></span>역사</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 역사"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="고대"><span id=".EA.B3.A0.EB.8C.80"></span>고대</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 고대"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>지진에 대한 학문적인 관심은 고대서부터 시작되었다. 대표적인 고대 학자로 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%88%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4" title="탈레스">탈레스</a> (c. 585 BCE), <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%99%EC%8B%9C%EB%A9%94%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="아낙시메네스">아낙시메네스</a> (c. 550 BCE), <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%ED%85%94%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4" title="아리스토텔레스">아리스토텔레스</a> (c. 340 BCE), <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%ED%98%95_(%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90)" title="장형 (학자)">장형</a> (132 CE)이 지진의 원인에 대해 추측했다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="고대 그리스">고대 그리스</a>에서는 자연철학자인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%99%EC%8B%9C%EB%A9%94%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="아낙시메네스">아낙시메네스</a>가 지진은 흙의 부재로, 즉 대지의 구덩이 안으로 흙이 함몰되어 지진이 일어난다고 생각했다.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindberg200729_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELindberg200729-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%99%EC%82%AC%EA%B3%A0%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4" title="아낙사고라스">아낙사고라스</a>는 지진이 지하에 물이 심하게 흘러내려서 발생하는 것이라고 생각했다.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이후 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%ED%85%94%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4" title="아리스토텔레스">아리스토텔레스</a>는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="고대 원소">4원소설</a>을 주창하면서 지진은 땅에서 증기와 같은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%84%A4%EC%9A%B0%EB%A7%88" title="프네우마">프네우마</a>가 밖으로 분출하면서 발생한다고 주장했다. 이를 종합해 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%ED%82%A4%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EC%95%88%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EC%84%B8%EB%84%A4%EC%B9%B4" title="루키우스 안나이우스 세네카">소 세네카</a>는 땅 속에서 공기가 분출하여 공동이 생기고 이 공동이 무너지면서 지진이 일어난다는 가설을 세웠다. 또한 이런 일이 발생하기 전에는 먼저 땅 밑 공동에서 바람이 불어들어가야 하기 때문에 지진이 발생하기 전에는 날씨가 숨이 막힐듯이 답답해진다는 이른바 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84_%EB%82%A0%EC%94%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="지진 날씨">지진 날씨</a>를 통해 지진을 예지할 수 있다고 생각했다.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE이기화201658_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE이기화201658-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 한편 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%9D%BC%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84%EB%B0%98%EB%8F%84" title="아라비아반도">아라비아반도</a>에서는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%90_%EC%8B%9C%EB%82%98" title="이븐 시나">이븐 시나</a>가 지진은 땅의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%B5%EA%B8%B0" title="융기">융기</a>로 발생하는 것이라고 추정했다.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>한편 기원후 132년 중국 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC" title="한나라">한나라</a> 시기 학자인 장형은 최초의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EA%B3%84" title="지진계">지진계</a>라고 할 수 있는 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="지동의 (없는 문서)">지동의</a>를 개발했다.<sup id="cite_ref-needham_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-needham-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DeweyByerly_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeweyByerly-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>17세기 경 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%83%80%EB%82%98%EC%8B%9C%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4_%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%ED%97%88" title="아타나시우스 키르허">아타나시우스 키르허</a>는 지진은 지구 내의 수로체계 내에서 불이 움직이며 발생한다고 생각했다. 또한 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%88%ED%8B%B4_%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="마틴 리처 (없는 문서)">마틴 리처</a>(1638-1712)와 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC_%EB%A5%B4%EB%A8%B8%EB%A6%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="니콜라 르머리 (없는 문서)">니콜라 르머리</a>(1645-1715)는 지진은 지구 내의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%ED%95%99" title="화학">화학</a>적 폭발로 발생한다고 생각했다.<sup id="cite_ref-Lisbon_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lisbon-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="근대"><span id=".EA.B7.BC.EB.8C.80"></span>근대</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 근대"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1755%EB%85%84_%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%B3%B8_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="1755년 리스본 지진">1755년 리스본 지진</a>으로 유럽에서 과학이 전반적으로 개화하던 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" class="mw-redirect" title="과학혁명">과학혁명</a> 시기와 맞물러 지진의 행동과 원인을 과학적으로 분석하러는 시도가 강화되었다. 대표적인 과학분석 초기 과학자로는 1757년 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A1%B4_%EB%B2%A0%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="존 베비스 (없는 문서)">존 베비스</a>와 1761년 존 미첼이 있다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%AF%B8%EC%B2%BC_(%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90)" title="존 미첼 (지진학자)">존 미첼</a>이 지진 연구를 수행하면서 화산의 영향으로 땅 속의 수증기가 이동해 지진이 발생하고, 이 때 땅이 이동하여 지진파가 발생한다고 주장했다.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1839년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94%ED%8B%80%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C" title="스코틀랜드">스코틀랜드</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%BB%B4%EB%A6%AC_(%ED%8D%BC%EC%8A%A4_%ED%82%A8%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="컴리 (퍼스 킨로스) (없는 문서)">컴리</a>에서 지진이 잇다라 발생하자 영국에서는 더 나은 지진 감지 방법을 개발하기 위한 위원회가 구성되었다. 그 결과 1842년 최초의 현대식 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EA%B3%84" title="지진계">지진계</a>인 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4_%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EB%93%9C_%ED%8F%AC%EB%B8%8C%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="제임스 데이비드 포브스 (없는 문서)">제임스 데이비드 포브스</a>의 지진계가 제작되었으며 이 물건이 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%AF%B8%EB%93%9C_%EB%B0%80%EB%A5%B8-%ED%99%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="데이미드 밀른-홈 (없는 문서)">데이미드 밀른-홈</a>의 보고서에서 처음 소개되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-JamesForbes_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JamesForbes-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이 지진계는 일종의 거꾸로 세워진 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%EC%9E%90" title="진자">진자</a>로, 진자 위에 있는 종이에 연필을 올려 지진 활동 측정값을 기록했다. 밀른의 보고서에서는 이런 설계로 만든 지진계가 효율적이었는지는 불분명하다고 기록했다.<sup id="cite_ref-JamesForbes_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JamesForbes-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1857년부터 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EB%A7%90%EB%A0%88%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="로버트 말레트 (없는 문서)">로버트 말레트</a>는 현대적인 지진계측학의 토대를 마련하고 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C%EB%AC%BC" title="폭발물">폭발물</a>을 이용한 지진학 실험을 수행했다. 말레트는 처음으로 '지진학'(seismology)이라는 단어를 만든 사람이기도 하다.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>19세기 말에는 일본의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%9A%A9_%EC%99%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8" title="고용 외국인">고용 외국인</a>이었던 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A1%B4_%EB%B0%80%EB%A6%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="존 밀린 (없는 문서)">존 밀린</a>이나 제임스 알프레드 유잉이 <a href="/w/index.php?title=1880%EB%85%84_%EC%9A%94%EC%BD%94%ED%95%98%EB%A7%88_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1880년 요코하마 지진 (없는 문서)">1880년 요코하마 지진</a>을 직접 겪으면서 1880년 최초의 지진학회인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99%ED%9A%8C" title="일본지진학회">일본지진학회</a>가 세워지고 일본에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EA%B3%84" title="지진계">지진계</a> 및 지진학 연구가 진행되기 시작하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE이기화2016112_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE이기화2016112-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1897년 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EB%B0%80_%EB%B9%84%ED%97%A4%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="에밀 비헤르트 (없는 문서)">에밀 비헤르트</a>는 이론적인 계산을 통해 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0" title="지구의 구조">지구의 구조</a>가 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%A0" title="철">철</a>로 된 핵과 그를 둘러싼 규산염의 맨틀로 구성되어 있다는 결론을 내렸다.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20세기_이후"><span id="20.EC.84.B8.EA.B8.B0_.EC.9D.B4.ED.9B.84"></span>20세기 이후</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 20세기 이후"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1906년 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_%EB%94%95%EC%8A%A8_%EC%98%AC%EB%93%9C%ED%97%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="리처드 딕슨 올드험 (없는 문서)">리처드 딕슨 올드험</a>은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%8C%8C" title="지진파">지진파</a>에서 <a href="/wiki/P%ED%8C%8C" title="P파">P파</a>와 <a href="/wiki/S%ED%8C%8C" title="S파">S파</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%91%9C%EB%A9%B4%ED%8C%8C" title="표면파">표면파</a>가 서로 다른 시간에 도착한다는 사실을 확인하고 지구에는 중심핵이 있다는 확실한 증거를 발견했다.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1909년에는 현대 지진학의 창시자 중 한명인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%88%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%BC_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%B8%EB%A1%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%B9%98%EC%B9%98" title="안드리야 모호로비치치">안드리야 모호로비치치</a>가<sup id="cite_ref-Penn_state_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Penn_state-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia.com_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia.com-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ssn_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ssn-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%B8%EB%A1%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%B9%98%EC%B9%98_%EB%B6%88%EC%97%B0%EC%86%8D%EB%A9%B4" title="모호로비치치 불연속면">모호로비치치 불연속면</a>을 발견했다.<sup id="cite_ref-McLeish_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McLeish-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이 불연속면은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98_%EC%A7%80%EA%B0%81" title="지구의 지각">지구의 지각</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%80" title="맨틀">맨틀</a>을 구분하는 일종의 경계에 해당한다. 지진파가 서로 다른 암석 밀도를 가진 암석면을 통과할 때 지진파의 속도가 달라진다는 것을 바탕으로 이 경계를 발견했다.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1910년 미국의 지진학자 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%B4%EB%A6%AC_%ED%95%84%EB%94%A9_%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="해리 필딩 라이드 (없는 문서)">해리 필딩 라이드</a>는 1906년 미국 샌프란시스코에서 발생한 지진과 눈에 띄게 나타난 단층과의 관계를 연구하여 암석이 응력을 받다가 그 한계점을 초과할 경우 암반이 파열되어 지진이 발생한다는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%84%B1%EB%B0%98%EB%B0%9C%EC%84%A4" title="탄성반발설">탄성반발설</a>을 주장했다.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE이기화201659-60_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE이기화201659-60-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>20세기 들어 1917∼1918년경 일본의 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%8B%9C%EB%8B%A4_%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="시다 도시 (없는 문서)">시다 도시</a>(志田順, 1876∼1936년)는 지진이 일어났을 때에 지면이 최초 진원에 대해 끌리는 식으로 움직였는지 밀리는 식으로 움직였는지를 지진계 기상(記象)에서 판독하여, 이를 관측점마다 지도상에 기입해 보고 규칙적인 분포를 이룬다는 것을 발견하였다. 이러한 <a href="/wiki/P%ED%8C%8C" title="P파">P파</a> 초동(初動)의 분포에는 두 가지 형이 있는데, 하나는 사상한형(四象限型), 또 하나는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%EC%95%99" title="진앙">진앙</a> 부근의 원내에 한정된 형(밀린 원추형)으로, 사상한형은 단층의 생성에 의해 설명되고 후자는 진앙 부근의 지각의 침강으로 설명된다. 이와 같은 얼개를 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EC%A7%84%EA%B8%B0%EA%B5%AC" title="발진기구">발진기구</a>라 한다. 그 후, 사상한형으로 초동이 분포하는 지진은 수없이 발견되어, 한때는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%B8%B5%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EC%84%A4" title="단층지진설">단층지진설</a>(單層地震說)이 유행하였다. 이에 대하여 1934년 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%9C%EB%AA%A8%ED%86%A0_%EB%AF%B8%EC%8B%9C%EC%98%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="이시모토 미시오 (없는 문서)">이시모토 미시오</a>(石本已四雄)는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EA%B7%B8%EB%A7%88_%EA%B4%80%EC%9E%85%EC%84%A4" title="마그마 관입설">마그마 관입설</a>(magma 貫入說)을 주창하였다. 1929년 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%99%80%EB%8B%A4%EC%B9%98_%EA%B8%B0%EC%9A%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="와다치 기요 (없는 문서)">와다치 기요</a>(和達淸夫)는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%80" title="맨틀">맨틀</a> 내에 일어나는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%AC%EB%B0%9C%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="심발지진">심발지진</a>을 발견하였는데, 심발지진의 <a href="/wiki/P%ED%8C%8C" title="P파">P파</a> 초동분포가 있는 것은 진앙 근처가 밀리고 있다. 이시모토는 이것은 원추 내에서 미는 힘이 작용하고 있어서 그 원추가 비스듬히 지표와 교차되므로 쌍곡선이나 타원형의 초동분포의 경계가 생긴다고 생각했다. 이 메커니즘은 마그마의 관입을 연상시킨다. 위와 같이 지진의 원인으로서는 단층지진설과 마그마 관입설이 있으나, 양쪽 다 하나의 가설만으로는 완전히 설명할 수 없다.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>파괴적인 강진으로 발생하는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AC%EC%A7%84_(%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84)" title="여진 (지진)">여진</a>에 대한 최초의 과학적인 연구는 <a href="/w/index.php?title=1920%EB%85%84_%ED%95%A0%EB%9D%BC%ED%8C%8C_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1920년 할라파 지진 (없는 문서)">1920년 할라파 지진</a> 이후로 추정된다. 지진 발생 이후 80 kg 무게의 비헤르트 지진계를 철도를 통해 멕시코 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%A0%EB%9D%BC%ED%8C%8C_(%EB%B2%A0%EB%9D%BC%ED%81%AC%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4%EC%A3%BC)" title="할라파 (베라크루스주)">할라파</a>로 옮겼으며 이 지진게로 여러 여진을 측정했다. 이 기록을 통해 본진이 매우 얕은 지각의 단층을 따라 발생했음이 밝혀졌다.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1926년에는 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%97%A4%EB%9F%B4%EB%93%9C_%EC%A0%9C%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="헤럴드 제프리스 (없는 문서)">헤럴드 제프리스</a>가 지진파 연구를 통해 맨틀 아래에 있는 핵이 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A1%EC%B2%B4" title="액체">액체</a>라고 최초로 주장했다.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1937년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%89%EC%97%90_%EB%A0%88%EB%A7%8C" title="잉에 레만">잉에 레만</a>이 지구의 액체 <a href="/wiki/%EC%99%B8%ED%95%B5" title="외핵">외핵</a> 안에 고체의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%B4%ED%95%B5" title="내핵">내핵</a>이 있다는 사실을 처음으로 밝혀냈다.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="개요"><span id=".EA.B0.9C.EC.9A.94"></span>개요</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 개요"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>심화적으로 살펴보면 지진에 대한 연구로서 지진의 영향 뿐만이 아니라 해일, 화산, 지각변동, 해양, 대기, 인공적인 지진(지하에서의 대규모 폭발, 지하수의 대량사용으로 인한 내부붕괴)에 대한 연구도 병행되고 있으며 또한 지진파의 궤적을 통해 행성 내부의 구조를 연구하고 있다. 특히 행성 내부 연구에 대한 데이터는 천문학과 결합하여 행성에서 관측되는 진동 데이터를 바탕으로 해당 천체의 내부구조를 연구하는 항목과 연계되고 있다. </p><p>대한민국에서는 단독적인 학문으로 자리잡기 보다는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88%ED%95%99" title="지질학">지질학</a>의 하위분류로 자리잡고 있으며 지진공학에 대한 연구와 함께 주로 이루어지고 있으며 연구소나 관측소에서 제공하는 정보보다는 대학에서 학문적 연구가 이루어지고 있으며 정부 기관부서로는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%81%EC%B2%AD" title="대한민국 기상청">기상청</a>에서 주로 다루고 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="지진발생물리학"><span id=".EC.A7.80.EC.A7.84.EB.B0.9C.EC.83.9D.EB.AC.BC.EB.A6.AC.ED.95.99"></span>지진발생물리학</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 지진발생물리학"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>지진발생물리학은 지진(<a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%B8%B5" title="단층">단층</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EA%B4%B4" title="파괴">파괴</a>)을 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="물리">물리</a>적 현상으로 간주하고 상세하게 분석하고 그 메커니즘을 해명하는 학문이다. 지진학 분야의 한개이다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%AF%B8%EC%B2%BC_(%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90)" title="존 미첼 (지진학자)">존 미첼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9C%B4%EA%B3%A0_%EB%B2%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%98%A4%ED%94%84" title="휴고 베니오프">휴고 베니오프</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation kotobank" id="Reference-Kotobank-地震学"><b><span style="color: #555; font-size: smaller;" title="언어: 일본어">(일본어)</span></b> 『<span lang="ja"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//kotobank.jp/word/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%A6">地震学</a></span>』 - <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF" class="extiw" title="ja:コトバンク">Kotobank</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELindberg200729-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindberg200729_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLindberg2007">Lindberg 2007</a>, 29쪽.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: 대상 없음: CITEREFLindberg2007 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kolb, Vera M.; Clark III, Benton C. (2020년 7월 13일). 〈10〉. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Astrobiology_for_a_General_Reader/HFLwDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Anaxagoras+Panspermia&pg=PA49&printsec=frontcover">《Astrobiology for a General Reader: A Question and Answers - Panspermia hypothesis》</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Scholars_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge Scholars Publishing (없는 문서)">Cambridge Scholars Publishing</a>. 47쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/1-5275-5502-X" title="특수:책찾기/1-5275-5502-X"><bdi>1-5275-5502-X</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2022년 5월 3일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=10&rft.btitle=Astrobiology+for+a+General+Reader%3A+A+Question+and+Answers+-+Panspermia+hypothesis&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2020-07-13&rft.isbn=1-5275-5502-X&rft.aulast=Kolb&rft.aufirst=Vera+M.&rft.au=Clark+III%2C+Benton+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FAstrobiology_for_a_General_Reader%2FHFLwDwAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3DAnaxagoras%2BPanspermia%26pg%3DPA49%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE이기화201658-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE이기화201658_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF이기화2016">이기화 2016</a>, 58쪽.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: 대상 없음: CITEREF이기화2016 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Toulmin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Toulmin (없는 문서)">Stephen Toulmin</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=June_Goodfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="June Goodfield (없는 문서)">June Goodfield</a> (1965), <i>The Ancestry of Science: The Discovery of Time</i>, p. 64, <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Chicago Press (없는 문서)">University of Chicago Press</a> (cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=319">The Contribution of Ibn Sina to the development of Earth sciences</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100314204805/http://muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=319">보관됨</a> 14 3월 2010 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-needham-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-needham_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Needham, Joseph (1959). 《Science and Civilization in China, Volume 3: Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth》. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 626–635쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1959scc3.book.....N">1959scc3.book.....N</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+and+Civilization+in+China%2C+Volume+3%3A+Mathematics+and+the+Sciences+of+the+Heavens+and+the+Earth&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=626-635&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1959scc3.book.....N&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeweyByerly-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DeweyByerly_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dewey, James; Byerly, Perry (February 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/eqsci-history/early-seismometry.php">“The early history of seismometry (to 1900)”</a>. 《Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America》 <b>59</b> (1): 183–227.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Seismological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=The+early+history+of+seismometry+%28to+1900%29&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=183-227&rft.date=1969-02&rft.aulast=Dewey&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Byerly%2C+Perry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Flearn%2Ftopics%2Feqsci-history%2Fearly-seismometry.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Agnew, Duncan Carr (2002). “History of seismology”. 《International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology》. International Geophysics <b>81A</b>: 3–11. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0074-6142%2802%2980203-0">10.1016/S0074-6142(02)80203-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/9780124406520" title="특수:책찾기/9780124406520"><bdi>9780124406520</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Handbook+of+Earthquake+and+Engineering+Seismology&rft.atitle=History+of+seismology&rft.volume=81A&rft.pages=3-11&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0074-6142%2802%2980203-0&rft.isbn=9780124406520&rft.aulast=Agnew&rft.aufirst=Duncan+Carr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lisbon-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lisbon_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Udías, Agustín; Arroyo, Alfonso López (2008). 〈The Lisbon earthquake of 1755 in Spanish contemporary authors〉. Mendes-Victor, Luiz A.; Oliveira, Carlos Sousa; Azevedo, João; Ribeiro, Antonio. 《The 1755 Lisbon earthquake: revisited》. Springer. 14쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/9781402086090" title="특수:책찾기/9781402086090"><bdi>9781402086090</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Lisbon+earthquake+of+1755+in+Spanish+contemporary+authors&rft.btitle=The+1755+Lisbon+earthquake%3A+revisited&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781402086090&rft.aulast=Ud%C3%ADas&rft.aufirst=Agust%C3%ADn&rft.au=Arroyo%2C+Alfonso+L%C3%B3pez&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Member of the Royal Academy of Berlin (2012). 《The History and Philosophy of Earthquakes Accompanied by John Michell's 'conjectures Concerning the Cause, and Observations upon the Ph'nomena of Earthquakes'<span></span>》. Cambridge Univ Pr. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/9781108059909" title="특수:책찾기/9781108059909"><bdi>9781108059909</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+and+Philosophy+of+Earthquakes+Accompanied+by+John+Michell%27s+%27conjectures+Concerning+the+Cause%2C+and+Observations+upon+the+Ph%27nomena+of+Earthquakes%27&rft.pub=Cambridge+Univ+Pr&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781108059909&rft.au=Member+of+the+Royal+Academy+of+Berlin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JamesForbes-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-JamesForbes_11-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-JamesForbes_11-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Oldroyd, David (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261697732">“The Study of Earthquakes in the Hundred Years Following Lisbon Earthquake of 1755”</a>. 《Researchgate》. Earth sciences history: journal of the History of the Earth Sciences Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2022년 10월 4일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Researchgate&rft.atitle=The+Study+of+Earthquakes+in+the+Hundred+Years+Following+Lisbon+Earthquake+of+1755&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Oldroyd&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F261697732&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Society, The Royal (2005년 1월 22일). “Robert Mallet and the 'Great Neapolitan earthquake' of 1857”. 《Notes and Records》 (영어) <b>59</b> (1): 45–64. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frsnr.2004.0076">10.1098/rsnr.2004.0076</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0035-9149">0035-9149</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:71003016">71003016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Records&rft.atitle=Robert+Mallet+and+the+%27Great+Neapolitan+earthquake%27+of+1857&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=45-64&rft.date=2005-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A71003016&rft.issn=0035-9149&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsnr.2004.0076&rft.aulast=Society&rft.aufirst=The+Royal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Massachusetts Institute of Technology, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050511093728/http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/milne.html">Inventor, John Milne</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE이기화2016112-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE이기화2016112_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF이기화2016">이기화 2016</a>, 112쪽.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: 대상 없음: CITEREF이기화2016 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Barckhausen, Udo; Rudloff, Alexander (2012년 2월 14일). “Earthquake on a stamp: Emil Wiechert honored”. 《Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union》 <b>93</b> (7): 67. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EOSTr..93...67B">2012EOSTr..93...67B</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1029%2F2012eo070002">10.1029/2012eo070002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Earthquake+on+a+stamp%3A+Emil+Wiechert+honored&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=67&rft.date=2012-02-14&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F2012eo070002&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012EOSTr..93...67B&rft.aulast=Barckhausen&rft.aufirst=Udo&rft.au=Rudloff%2C+Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">〈Oldham, Richard Dixon〉. 《Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography》 <b>10</b>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Scribner's Sons (없는 문서)">Charles Scribner's Sons</a>. 2008. 203쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Oldham%2C+Richard+Dixon&rft.btitle=Complete+Dictionary+of+Scientific+Biography&rft.pages=203&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Penn_state-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Penn_state_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130626180816/https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth520/node/1777">“Andrya (Andrija) Mohorovicic”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_State_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pennsylvania State University (없는 문서)">Penn State</a>. 2013년 6월 26일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth520/node/1777">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 1월 30일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andrya+%28Andrija%29+Mohorovicic&rft.pub=Penn+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-education.psu.edu%2Fearth520%2Fnode%2F1777&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia.com-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia.com_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210201205826/https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/historians-miscellaneous-biographies/andrija-mohorovicic">“Mohorovičić, Andrija”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedia.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopedia.com (없는 문서)">Encyclopedia.com</a>. 2021년 2월 1일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/historians-miscellaneous-biographies/andrija-mohorovicic">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 1월 30일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mohorovi%C4%8Di%C4%87%2C+Andrija&rft.pub=Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fpeople%2Fhistory%2Fhistorians-miscellaneous-biographies%2Fandrija-mohorovicic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ssn-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ssn_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210201210211/http://www.seismosoc.org/Publications/SRL/SRL_78/srl_78-6_hs.html">“Andrija Mohorovičić (1857–1936)—On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of his birth”</a>. seismosoc.org. 2021년 2월 1일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seismosoc.org/Publications/SRL/SRL_78/srl_78-6_hs.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2021년 1월 30일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andrija+Mohorovi%C4%8Di%C4%87+%281857%E2%80%931936%29%E2%80%94On+the+occasion+of+the+150th+anniversary+of+his+birth&rft.pub=seismosoc.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seismosoc.org%2FPublications%2FSRL%2FSRL_78%2Fsrl_78-6_hs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McLeish-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-McLeish_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Andrew McLeish (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rhkgwEvrVe8C&pg=PA122">《Geological science》</a> 2판. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Nelson_%26_Sons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Nelson & Sons (없는 문서)">Thomas Nelson & Sons</a>. 122쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-17-448221-5" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-17-448221-5"><bdi>978-0-17-448221-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geological+science&rft.pages=122&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson+%26+Sons&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-17-448221-5&rft.au=Andrew+McLeish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrhkgwEvrVe8C%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRudnickGao2003" class="citation">Rudnick, R. L.; Gao, S. (2003년 1월 1일), Holland, Heinrich D.; Turekian, Karl K., 편집., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080437516030164">“3.01 – Composition of the Continental Crust”</a>, 《Treatise on Geochemistry》 (Pergamon) <b>3</b>: 659, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003TrGeo...3....1R">2003TrGeo...3....1R</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fb0-08-043751-6%2F03016-4">10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/03016-4</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-08-043751-4" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-08-043751-4"><bdi>978-0-08-043751-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, 2019년 11월 21일에 확인함</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Treatise+on+Geochemistry&rft.atitle=3.01+%E2%80%93+Composition+of+the+Continental+Crust&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=659&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb0-08-043751-6%2F03016-4&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003TrGeo...3....1R&rft.isbn=978-0-08-043751-4&rft.aulast=Rudnick&rft.aufirst=R.+L.&rft.au=Gao%2C+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080437516030164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE이기화201659-60-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE이기화201659-60_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF이기화2016">이기화 2016</a>, 59-60쪽.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: 대상 없음: CITEREF이기화2016 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/1906/18april/reid.php">“Reid's Elastic Rebound Theory”</a>. 《1906 Earthquake》. United States Geological Survey<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2018년 4월 6일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=1906+Earthquake&rft.atitle=Reid%27s+Elastic+Rebound+Theory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fregional%2Fnca%2F1906%2F18april%2Freid.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%8C_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EB%8C%80%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="글로벌 세계대백과사전">글로벌 세계대백과사전</a>》, 〈지진의 원인〉</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Suárez, G.; Novelo‐Casanova, D. A. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326613511">“A Pioneering Aftershock Study of the Destructive 4 January 1920 Jalapa, Mexico, Earthquake”</a>. 《Seismological Research Letters》 <b>89</b> (5): 1894–1899. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1785%2F0220180150">10.1785/0220180150</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:134449441">134449441</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seismological+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=A+Pioneering+Aftershock+Study+of+the+Destructive+4+January+1920+Jalapa%2C+Mexico%2C+Earthquake&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1894-1899&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1785%2F0220180150&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A134449441&rft.aulast=Su%C3%A1rez&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Novelo%E2%80%90Casanova%2C+D.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F326613511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Jeffreys, Harold (1926년 6월 1일). “On the Amplitudes of Bodily Seismic Waues.”. 《Geophysical Journal International》 (영어) <b>1</b>: 334–348. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1926GeoJ....1..334J">1926GeoJ....1..334J</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-246X.1926.tb05381.x">10.1111/j.1365-246X.1926.tb05381.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1365-246X">1365-246X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Journal+International&rft.atitle=On+the+Amplitudes+of+Bodily+Seismic+Waues.&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=334-348&rft.date=1926-06-01&rft.issn=1365-246X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-246X.1926.tb05381.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1926GeoJ....1..334J&rft.aulast=Jeffreys&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Hjortenberg, Eric (December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/viewFile/4625/4693">“Inge Lehmann's work materials and seismological epistolary archive”</a>. 《Annals of Geophysics》 <b>52</b> (6). <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4401%2Fag-4625">10.4401/ag-4625</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Geophysics&rft.atitle=Inge+Lehmann%27s+work+materials+and+seismological+epistolary+archive&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=6&rft.date=2009-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4401%2Fag-4625&rft.aulast=Hjortenberg&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.annalsofgeophysics.eu%2Findex.php%2Fannals%2Farticle%2FviewFile%2F4625%2F4693&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="참고_문헌"><span id=".EC.B0.B8.EA.B3.A0_.EB.AC.B8.ED.97.8C"></span>참고 문헌</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=10" title="부분 편집: 참고 문헌"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480451">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Allaby, 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(2011). “Scientists on trial: At fault?”. 《<a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a>》 <b>477</b> (7364): 264–269. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Natur.477..264H">2011Natur.477..264H</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F477264a">10.1038/477264a</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21921895">21921895</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205067216">205067216</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Scientists+on+trial%3A+At+fault%3F&rft.volume=477&rft.issue=7364&rft.pages=264-269&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F477264a&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21921895&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205067216&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011Natur.477..264H&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Stephen+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiroo_Kanamori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiroo Kanamori (없는 문서)">Kanamori, Hiroo</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131024140004/http://www.gps.caltech.edu/uploads/File/People/kanamori/HKees03.pdf">《Earthquake prediction: An overview》</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology <b>81B</b>. International Association of Seismology & Physics of the Earth's Interior. 1205–1216쪽. 2013년 10월 24일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gps.caltech.edu/uploads/File/People/kanamori/HKees03.pdf">원본 문서</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>에서 보존된 문서.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Earthquake+prediction%3A+An+overview&rft.series=International+Handbook+of+Earthquake+and+Engineering+Seismology&rft.pages=1205-1216&rft.pub=International+Association+of+Seismology+%26+Physics+of+the+Earth%27s+Interior&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Kanamori&rft.aufirst=Hiroo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gps.caltech.edu%2Fuploads%2FFile%2FPeople%2Fkanamori%2FHKees03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Lay, Thorne, 편집. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iris.edu/hq/lrsps/seis_plan_final.pdf">《Seismological Grand Challenges in Understanding Earth's Dynamic Systems》</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Report to the National Science Foundation, IRIS consortium.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seismological+Grand+Challenges+in+Understanding+Earth%27s+Dynamic+Systems&rft.series=Report+to+the+National+Science+Foundation%2C+IRIS+consortium&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iris.edu%2Fhq%2Flrsps%2Fseis_plan_final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSchulte_et_al.2010" class="citation journal">Schulte, Peter; Laia Alegret; Ignacio Arenillas; José A. Arz; Penny J. Barton; Paul R. Bown; Timothy J. Bralower; Gail L. Christeson; Philippe Claeys; Charles S. Cockell; Gareth S. Collins; Alexander Deutsch; Tamara J. Goldin; Kazuhisa Goto; José M. Grajales-Nishimura; Richard A. F. Grieve; Sean P. S. Gulick; Kirk R. Johnson; Wolfgang Kiessling; Christian Koeberl; David A. Kring; Kenneth G. MacLeod; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Takafumi_Matsui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takafumi Matsui (없는 문서)">Takafumi Matsui</a>; Jay Melosh; Alessandro Montanari; Joanna V. Morgan; Clive R. Neal; Douglas J. Nichols; Richard D. Norris; Elisabetta Pierazzo; Greg Ravizza; Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra; Wolf Uwe Reimold; Eric Robin; Tobias Salge; Robert P. Speijer; Arthur R. Sweet; Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi; Vivi Vajda; Michael T. Whalen; Pi S. Willumsen (2010년 3월 5일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/327/5970/1214">“The Chicxulub Asteroid Impact and Mass Extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary”</a>. 《Science》 <b>327</b> (5970): 1214–1218. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Sci...327.1214S">2010Sci...327.1214S</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1177265">10.1126/science.1177265</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A0%A8_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 일련 번호">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1095-9203">1095-9203</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203042">20203042</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2659741">2659741</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 3월 5일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+Chicxulub+Asteroid+Impact+and+Mass+Extinction+at+the+Cretaceous-Paleogene+Boundary&rft.volume=327&rft.issue=5970&rft.pages=1214-1218&rft.date=2010-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2659741&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010Sci...327.1214S&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20203042&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1177265&rft.issn=1095-9203&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Laia+Alegret&rft.au=Ignacio+Arenillas&rft.au=Jos%C3%A9+A.+Arz&rft.au=Penny+J.+Barton&rft.au=Paul+R.+Bown&rft.au=Timothy+J.+Bralower&rft.au=Gail+L.+Christeson&rft.au=Philippe+Claeys&rft.au=Charles+S.+Cockell&rft.au=Gareth+S.+Collins&rft.au=Alexander+Deutsch&rft.au=Tamara+J.+Goldin&rft.au=Kazuhisa+Goto&rft.au=Jos%C3%A9+M.+Grajales-Nishimura&rft.au=Richard+A.+F.+Grieve&rft.au=Sean+P.+S.+Gulick&rft.au=Kirk+R.+Johnson&rft.au=Wolfgang+Kiessling&rft.au=Christian+Koeberl&rft.au=David+A.+Kring&rft.au=Kenneth+G.+MacLeod&rft.au=Takafumi+Matsui&rft.au=Jay+Melosh&rft.au=Alessandro+Montanari&rft.au=Joanna+V.+Morgan&rft.au=Clive+R.+Neal&rft.au=Douglas+J.+Nichols&rft.au=Richard+D.+Norris&rft.au=Elisabetta+Pierazzo&rft.au=Greg+Ravizza&rft.au=Mario+Rebolledo-Vieyra&rft.au=Wolf+Uwe+Reimold&rft.au=Eric+Robin&rft.au=Tobias+Salge&rft.au=Robert+P.+Speijer&rft.au=Arthur+R.+Sweet&rft.au=Jaime+Urrutia-Fucugauchi&rft.au=Vivi+Vajda&rft.au=Michael+T.+Whalen&rft.au=Pi+S.+Willumsen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F327%2F5970%2F1214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Shearer, Peter M. (2009). 《Introduction to Seismology》 Seco판. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-521-70842-5" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-521-70842-5"><bdi>978-0-521-70842-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Seismology&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-521-70842-5&rft.aulast=Shearer&rft.aufirst=Peter+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Stein, Seth; Wysession, Michael (2002). 《An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes and Earth Structure》. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiley-Blackwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiley-Blackwell (없는 문서)">Wiley-Blackwell</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-86542-078-6" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-86542-078-6"><bdi>978-0-86542-078-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Seismology%2C+Earthquakes+and+Earth+Structure&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-86542-078-6&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft.au=Wysession%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Wen, Lianxing; Helmberger, Donald V. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geophysics.geo.sunysb.edu/wen/Reprints/WenHelmberger98Science.pdf">“Ultra-Low Velocity Zones Near the Core-Mantle Boundary from Broadband PKP Precursors”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 《<a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Science (journal)">Science</a>》 <b>279</b> (5357): 1701–1703. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998Sci...279.1701W">1998Sci...279.1701W</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.279.5357.1701">10.1126/science.279.5357.1701</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9497284">9497284</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Ultra-Low+Velocity+Zones+Near+the+Core-Mantle+Boundary+from+Broadband+PKP+Precursors&rft.volume=279&rft.issue=5357&rft.pages=1701-1703&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9497284&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.279.5357.1701&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1998Sci...279.1701W&rft.aulast=Wen&rft.aufirst=Lianxing&rft.au=Helmberger%2C+Donald+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeophysics.geo.sunysb.edu%2Fwen%2FReprints%2FWenHelmberger98Science.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF이기화2016" class="citation book">이기화 (2016년 10월 30일). 박상준, 편집. 《모든 사람을 위한 지진 이야기》 1판. 서울: 사이언스북스. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-89-8371-730-6" title="특수:책찾기/978-89-8371-730-6"><bdi>978-89-8371-730-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%EB%AA%A8%EB%93%A0+%EC%82%AC%EB%9E%8C%EC%9D%84+%EC%9C%84%ED%95%9C+%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84+%EC%9D%B4%EC%95%BC%EA%B8%B0&rft.place=%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B8%EC%8A%A4%EB%B6%81%EC%8A%A4&rft.date=2016-10-30&rft.isbn=978-89-8371-730-6&rft.au=%EC%9D%B4%EA%B8%B0%ED%99%94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외부_링크"><span id=".EC.99.B8.EB.B6.80_.EB.A7.81.ED.81.AC"></span>외부 링크</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=11" title="부분 편집: 외부 링크"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> 위키미디어 공용에 <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Seismology?uselang=ko">지진학</a></span> 관련 미디어 분류가 있습니다.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emsc-csem.org/">European-Mediterranean Seismological Center</a> - 실시간 지진 정보 홈페이지</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seismosoc.org/">Seismological Society of America</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iris.edu/">Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/">USGS Earthquake Hazards Program</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projects.eri.ucsb.edu/understanding/history.html">A brief history of seismology to 1910</a> (UCSB ERI)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36429174">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311309"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="틀:지진 이론"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="틀토론:지진 이론"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="특수:문서편집/틀:지진 이론"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="지진_이론" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="지진">지진</a> 이론</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">표제</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%EC%9B%90" title="진원">진원 및 진원역</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%EC%95%99" title="진앙">진앙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%EC%9B%90_%EA%B9%8A%EC%9D%B4" title="진원 깊이">진원 깊이</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EC%A7%84%EA%B8%B0%EA%B5%AC" title="발진기구">발진기구</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CMT%ED%95%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="CMT해">CMT해</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84_%EB%AA%A8%EB%A9%98%ED%8A%B8" title="지진 모멘트">지진 모멘트</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%B8%B5_%EB%A7%A4%EA%B0%9C%EB%B3%80%EC%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="단층 매개변수">단층 매개변수</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84_%EA%B7%9C%EB%AA%A8" title="지진 규모">지진 규모</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AD%ED%84%B0_%EA%B7%9C%EB%AA%A8" title="릭터 규모">리히터 규모</a> (M<sub>L</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A4%EC%B2%B4%ED%8C%8C_%EA%B7%9C%EB%AA%A8" title="실체파 규모">실체파 규모</a> (M<sub>B</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%91%9C%EB%A9%B4%ED%8C%8C_%EA%B7%9C%EB%AA%A8" title="표면파 규모">표면파 규모</a> (M<sub>s</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%A9%98%ED%8A%B8_%EA%B7%9C%EB%AA%A8" title="모멘트 규모">모멘트 규모</a> (M<sub>w</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8_%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%81%EC%B2%AD_%EA%B7%9C%EB%AA%A8" title="일본 기상청 규모">일본 기상청 규모</a> (M<sub>j</sub>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%EB%8F%84_(%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84)" title="진도 (지진)">지진 진도</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8_%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%81%EC%B2%AD_%EC%A7%84%EB%8F%84_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89" title="일본 기상청 진도 계급">JMA 계급</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%EB%8F%847" title="진도7">진도7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%A0%95_%EB%A9%94%EB%A5%B4%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC_%EC%A7%84%EB%8F%84_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89" title="수정 메르칼리 진도 계급">MMI 계급</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%8D%B0%ED%94%84-%EC%8A%A4%ED%8F%B0%ED%95%98%EC%9A%B0%EC%96%B4-%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%88%ED%81%AC_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89" title="메드베데프-스폰하우어-카르니크 계급">MSK 계급</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD_%EC%A7%84%EB%8F%84_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89" title="중국 진도 계급">CSIS 계급</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD_%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%81%EA%B5%AD_%EC%A7%84%EB%8F%84_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89" title="중화민국 중앙기상국 진도 계급">CWB 계급</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD_%EA%B4%91%EB%8C%80%EC%97%AD_%EC%A7%84%EB%8F%84_%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89" title="유럽 광대역 진도 계급">EMS-98 계급</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B5%9C%EB%8C%80_%EC%A7%80%EB%B0%98_%EA%B0%80%EC%86%8D%EB%8F%84" title="최대 지반 가속도">최대 지반 가속도</a> (PGA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B5%9C%EB%8C%80_%EC%A7%80%EB%B0%98_%EC%9B%80%EC%A7%81%EC%9E%84" class="mw-redirect" title="최대 지반 움직임">최대 지반 움직임</a> (PGV)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%A2%85%EB%A5%98" class="mw-redirect" title="지진의 종류">종류</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%90%EA%B2%BD%EA%B3%84%EA%B0%84_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" class="mw-redirect" title="판경계간 지진">판경계간 지진</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%90%EB%82%B4%EB%B6%80_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" class="mw-redirect" title="판내부 지진">판내부 지진</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%96%91%ED%8C%90_%EB%82%B4%EB%B6%80_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" class="mw-redirect" title="해양판 내부 지진">해양판 내부 지진</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%A5%99_%EC%A7%80%EA%B0%81_%EB%82%B4%EB%B6%80_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" class="mw-redirect" title="대륙 지각 내부 지진">대륙 지각 내부 지진</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0%EC%84%B1_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="화산성 지진">화산성 지진</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="인공지진">인공지진</a></li> <li>비지진성 움직임 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%83%81_%EB%AF%B8%EB%81%84%EB%9F%AC%EC%A7%90" title="정상 미끄러짐">정상 미끄러짐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%AC%EB%A1%9C%EC%9A%B0_%EC%8A%AC%EB%A6%BD" title="슬로우 슬립">슬로우 슬립</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%ED%94%84_%EB%8B%A8%EC%B8%B5" title="크리프 단층">크리프 단층</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%A7%84_(%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84)" title="전진 (지진)">전진</a> - <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B8%EC%A7%84" title="본진">본진</a> - <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AC%EC%A7%84_(%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84)" title="여진 (지진)">여진</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%B0%EB%B0%9C%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="군발지진">군발지진</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%B0%9C%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="유발지진">유발지진</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EB%8F%99%ED%98%95_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="연동형 지진">연동형 지진</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%9D%BC%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="해일지진">해일지진</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A4%91%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="이중지진">이중지진</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%A0%80%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" class="mw-redirect" title="해저지진">해저지진</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EB%B0%9C%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="천발지진">천발지진</a> - <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%B0%9C%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="중발지진">중발지진</a> - <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%AC%EB%B0%9C%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="심발지진">심발지진</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">원인·매커니즘</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%B8%B5%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EC%84%A4" title="단층지진설">단층지진설</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%84%B1%EB%B0%98%EB%B0%9C%EC%84%A4" title="탄성반발설">탄성반발설</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EA%B7%B8%EB%A7%88_%EA%B4%80%EC%9E%85%EC%84%A4" title="마그마 관입설">마그마 관입설</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%9D%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EC%84%A4" title="조석지진설">조석지진설</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%9C%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="고유지진">고유지진설</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EA%B3%B5%EB%B0%B1%EC%97%AD" title="지진공백역">지진공백역설</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%99%9C%EB%8F%99%EA%B8%B0%EC%84%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="지진활동기설 (없는 문서)">지진활동기설</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%9C%EB%8F%99_%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0" title="활동 구조">활동 구조</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%B8%B5" title="단층">단층</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%B5%EA%B3%A1" title="습곡">습곡</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%90_%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0%EB%A1%A0" title="판 구조론">판 구조론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A0%EC%8A%A4%ED%8C%A8%EB%A6%AC%ED%8B%B0" title="애스패리티">애스패리티</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%80%ED%98%95%EB%A0%A5" title="변형력">변형력</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%80%ED%98%95%EB%8F%84" class="mw-redirect" title="변형도">변형도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EB%8F%99" title="지진동">지진동</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EA%B8%B0%EB%AF%B8%EB%8F%99" title="초기미동">초기미동</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%9A%94%EB%8F%99" title="주요동">주요동</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%8C%8C" title="지진파">지진파</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%81%EC%A7%84%EC%97%AD" title="이상진역">이상진역</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%91%9C%EC%B8%B5%EC%A7%80%EB%B0%98%EC%A6%9D%ED%8F%AD%EB%A5%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="표층지반증폭률 (없는 문서)">표층지반증폭률</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">관측·조사</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EA%B3%84" title="지진계">지진계</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EA%B4%80%EC%B8%A1%EB%A7%9D" title="지진관측망">지진관측망</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EA%B4%80%EC%B8%A1%EB%A7%9D" title="세계 표준 지진관측망">세계 표준 지진관측망</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EA%B0%90%EB%8F%84_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EA%B4%80%EC%B8%A1%EB%A7%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="고감도 지진관측망">고감도 지진관측망</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EC%A7%84%EA%B4%80%EC%B8%A1%EB%A7%9D" title="강진관측망">강진관측망</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DONET&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DONET (없는 문서)">DONET</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DONET2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DONET2 (없는 문서)">DONET2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%88%98%EB%8F%84%EA%B6%8C_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EA%B4%80%EC%B8%A1%EB%A7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="수도권 지진관측망 (없는 문서)">수도권 지진관측망</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%ED%95%B4%EA%B5%AC_%ED%95%B4%EC%A0%80%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%B4%EC%9D%BC_%EA%B4%80%EC%B8%A1%EB%A7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="일본해구 해저지진해일 관측망 (없는 문서)">일본해구 해저지진해일 관측망</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B8%A1%EC%A7%80%EC%B8%A1%EB%9F%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="측지측량 (없는 문서)">측지측량</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%B8%ED%8A%B8%EB%AF%B8%ED%84%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틸트미터 (없는 문서)">틸트미터</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%99%9C%EA%B3%A1%EC%B8%A1%EC%A0%95%EA%B8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="왜곡측정기">왜곡측정기</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%A9%EC%84%B1%EA%B0%9C%EA%B5%AC%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EB%8B%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="합성개구레이다">합성개구레이다</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPS" title="GPS">GPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EC%9E%A5%EA%B8%B0%EC%84%A0_%EA%B0%84%EC%84%AD_%EA%B4%80%EC%B8%A1%EB%B2%95" title="초장기선 간섭 관측법">초장기선 간섭 관측법</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88_%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%AC" title="지질 조사">지질 조사</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B5%B4%EC%B0%A9%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="굴착조사 (없는 문서)">굴착조사</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%8B%A8%EC%B8%B5%ED%83%90%EC%82%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="단층탐사 (없는 문서)">단층탐사</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%ED%97%8C_%EC%9E%90%EB%A3%8C" title="문헌 자료">문헌조사</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">피해·<a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84_%EB%8C%80%EB%B9%84" title="지진 대비">대책</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EC%9E%AC%ED%95%B4" title="지진재해">지진재해</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A8%B8%EB%93%9C%ED%94%8C%EB%A1%9C%EC%9A%B0" title="머드플로우">머드플로우</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EC%96%91%EC%95%A1%EC%83%81%ED%99%94" title="토양액상화">토양액상화</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%B5%EA%B8%B0%EC%99%80_%EC%B9%A8%EA%B0%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="융기와 침강 (없는 문서)">융기와 침강</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%A7%84_(%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99)" title="해진 (지진학)">해진</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%B4%EC%9D%BC" title="지진해일">지진해일</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99" title="지진공학">지진공학</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%B4%EC%A7%84%EC%84%A4%EA%B3%84" title="내진설계">내진</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%9C%EC%A7%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="제진 (없는 문서)">제진</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A9%B4%EC%A7%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="면진 (없는 문서)">면진</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%82%B4%EC%A7%84_%EA%B8%B0%EC%A4%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="내진 기준 (없는 문서)">내진 기준</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%82%B4%EC%A7%84_%EC%A7%84%EB%8B%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="내진 진단 (없는 문서)">내진 진단</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%90%EC%A7%84%EA%B3%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="감진계 (없는 문서)">감진계</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EA%B2%BD%EB%B3%B4%EC%B2%B4%EA%B3%84" title="지진경보체계">지진경보체계</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EC%A1%B0%EA%B8%B0%EA%B2%BD%EB%B3%B4" title="지진조기경보">지진조기경보</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90_%EB%A7%9E%EC%B6%A4%ED%98%95_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4%EC%84%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4" title="사용자 맞춤형 지진정보서비스">사용자 맞춤형 지진정보서비스</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%A0%EB%A0%88%EB%8B%A4%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="유레다스 (없는 문서)">유레다스</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B4%EA%B8%89%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EC%86%8D%EB%B3%B4" title="긴급지진속보">긴급지진속보</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AQUA_%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AQUA 시스템 (없는 문서)">AQUA 시스템</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EC%97%B4%EB%8F%84%EC%86%8D%EB%B3%B4_%EB%B0%8F_%EC%98%88%EA%B2%BD%EA%B3%B5%EC%A0%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="국가지진열도속보 및 예경공정 (없는 문서)">국가지진열도속보 및 예경공정</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%9C%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4_%ED%95%B4%EA%B3%A1_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84_%EA%B4%80%EB%A0%A8_%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4" title="난카이 해곡 지진 관련 정보">난카이 해곡 지진 관련 정보</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">과거의 지진</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="지진 목록">과거의 지진 목록</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="역사지진">역사지진</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="고지진">고지진</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">예지·예측</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84_%EC%98%88%EC%A7%80" class="mw-redirect" title="지진 예지">지진 예지 및 예측</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84_%EC%98%88%EB%B3%B4" title="지진 예보">확률적 지진 위험 추정</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EC%9C%84%ED%97%98%EB%8F%84" title="지진위험도">지진위험도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84_%EC%A0%84%EC%A1%B0_%ED%98%84%EC%83%81" class="mw-redirect" title="지진 전조 현상">지진 전조 현상</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%AC%EB%A6%BD" title="프리슬립">프리슬립</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%89%EA%B4%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%81%ED%98%84%EC%83%81" title="굉관이상현상">굉관이상현상</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">지진학</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%EB%B0%9C%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="지진발생물리학">지진발생물리학</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%95%EC%A7%84%EB%8F%99%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="강진동지진학 (없는 문서)">강진동지진학</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EB%82%B4%EB%B6%80_%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="지구 내부 물리학 (없는 문서)">지구 내부 물리학</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">타 천체의 지진</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%94%EC%A7%84" title="월진">월진</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EC%A7%84%ED%95%99" title="일진학">일진</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EC%99%B8_%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4%EC%9D%98_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="지구 외 천체의 지진">기타 천체</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과:전거 통제">전거 통제</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371#identifiers" title="위키데이터에서 편집하기"><img alt="위키데이터에서 편집하기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국제</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1111306/">FAST</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국가</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Sismologie"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933257q">프랑스</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Sismologie"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933257q">BnF 데이터</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Seismologie"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4379341-1">독일</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007529486905171">이스라엘</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Seismology"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85119634">미국</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000108268&P_CON_LNG=ENG">라트비아</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00574861">일본</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="seizmologie"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116120&CON_LNG=ENG">체코</a></abbr></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">기타</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10644832">국립문서기록관리청</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" 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