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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oremus_magazine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span><i>Oremus</i> magazine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oremus_magazine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Burials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Westminster Cathedral</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Вэстмінстэрскі сабор – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вэстмінстэрскі сабор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedral_de_Westminster" title="Catedral de Westminster – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Catedral de Westminster" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminstersk%C3%A1_katedr%C3%A1la" title="Westminsterská katedrála – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Westminsterská katedrála" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Cathedral" title="Westminster Cathedral – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Westminster Cathedral" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Cathedral" title="Westminster Cathedral – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Westminster Cathedral" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedral_de_Westminster" title="Catedral de Westminster – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Catedral de Westminster" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedralo_de_Westminster" title="Katedralo de Westminster – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Katedralo de Westminster" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_katedrala" title="Westminster katedrala – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Westminster katedrala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="کلیسای جامع وست‌مینستر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلیسای جامع وست‌مینستر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Westminster" title="Cathédrale de Westminster – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cathédrale de Westminster" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedraal_fan_Westminster" title="Katedraal fan Westminster – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Katedraal fan Westminster" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardeaglais_Westminster" title="Ardeaglais Westminster – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ardeaglais Westminster" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%AF%BC%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0_%EB%8C%80%EC%84%B1%EB%8B%B9" title="웨스트민스터 대성당 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="웨스트민스터 대성당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Վեստմինստերյան տաճար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վեստմինստերյան տաճար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedral_Westminster" title="Katedral Westminster – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Katedral Westminster" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattedrale_di_Westminster" title="Cattedrale di Westminster – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cattedrale di Westminster" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%AA%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8" title="קתדרלת וסטמינסטר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קתדרלת וסטמינסטר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesia_cathedralis_Vestmonasteriensis" title="Ecclesia cathedralis Vestmonasteriensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ecclesia cathedralis Vestmonasteriensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestminsteras_katedr%C4%81le" title="Vestminsteras katedrāle – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vestminsteras katedrāle" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestminsterio_katedra" title="Vestminsterio katedra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vestminsterio katedra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="كاتدرائيه وستمنستر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاتدرائيه وستمنستر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathedraal_van_Westminster" title="Kathedraal van Westminster – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kathedraal van Westminster" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E5%A4%A7%E8%81%96%E5%A0%82" title="ウェストミンスター大聖堂 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウェストミンスター大聖堂" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminsterkatedralen" title="Westminsterkatedralen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Westminsterkatedralen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminsterkatedralen" title="Westminsterkatedralen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Westminsterkatedralen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%B9_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%D9%84" title="ویسٹ منسٹر کیتھیڈرل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ویسٹ منسٹر کیتھیڈرل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedral_%C3%ABd_Westminster" title="Catedral ëd Westminster – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Catedral ëd Westminster" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedra_Westminsterska" title="Katedra Westminsterska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Katedra Westminsterska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedral_de_Westminster" title="Catedral de Westminster – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Catedral de Westminster" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Cathedral" title="Westminster Cathedral – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Westminster Cathedral" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Вестминстерский собор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вестминстерский собор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Cathedral" title="Westminster Cathedral – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Westminster Cathedral" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminsterska_katedrala" title="Westminsterska katedrala – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Westminsterska katedrala" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminsterin_katedraali" title="Westminsterin katedraali – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Westminsterin katedraali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Cathedral" title="Westminster Cathedral – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Westminster Cathedral" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வெஸ்ட்மின்ஸ்டர் பேராலயம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெஸ்ட்மின்ஸ்டர் பேராலயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="อาสนวิหารเวสต์มินสเตอร์ – 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.geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Westminster_Cathedral&params=51.4961_N_0.1397_W_region:GB_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°29′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°08′23″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.4961°N 0.1397°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.4961; -0.1397</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Catholic cathedral in London, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> or <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Chapel" title="Westminster Chapel">Westminster Chapel</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Church in London, England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Westminster Cathedral</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold">Metropolitan Cathedral of the Most Precious Blood of Our Lord Jesus Christ</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WestminsterCathedralFull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/WestminsterCathedralFull.jpg/300px-WestminsterCathedralFull.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/WestminsterCathedralFull.jpg/450px-WestminsterCathedralFull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/WestminsterCathedralFull.jpg/600px-WestminsterCathedralFull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="1296" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cathedral from Victoria Street</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Open_street_map_central_london.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Westminster Cathedral is located in Central London"><img alt="Westminster Cathedral is located in Central London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Open_street_map_central_london.svg/250px-Open_street_map_central_london.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Open_street_map_central_london.svg/375px-Open_street_map_central_london.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Open_street_map_central_london.svg/500px-Open_street_map_central_london.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1193" data-file-height="754" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:81.113%;left:45.642%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Westminster Cathedral"><img alt="Westminster Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Westminster Cathedral</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shown within Central London</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Westminster_Cathedral&params=51.4961_N_0.1397_W_region:GB_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°29′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°08′23″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.4961°N 0.1397°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.4961; -0.1397</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Westminster_Cathedral&params=51.495832_N_0.139521_W_region:GB_scale:25000&title=Westminster+Cathedral">TQ 29248 79074</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label">Francis Street, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a><br />London, <a href="/wiki/SW_postcode_area" title="SW postcode area">SW1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data category">England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denomination</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://westminstercathedral.org.uk/">westminstercathedral<wbr />.org<wbr />.uk</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">History</th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">Cathedral</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dedication_of_churches" title="Dedication of churches">Dedication</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Christ" title="Blood of Christ">Most Precious Blood</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">Consecrated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1910</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Architecture</th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">Architect(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Francis_Bentley" title="John Francis Bentley">John Francis Bentley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sacred_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred architecture">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Byzantine_architecture" title="Neo-Byzantine architecture">Neo-Byzantine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years built</th><td class="infobox-data">1895–1903</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">110m (360ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">47m (156ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number of <a href="/wiki/Tower" title="Tower">towers</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tower height</th><td class="infobox-data">87m (284ft), including the cross</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Administration</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_province" title="Ecclesiastical province">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Westminster" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Westminster">Westminster</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">Diocese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Westminster" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Westminster">Westminster</a> (since 1884)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Clergy</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Nichols" title="Vincent Nichols">Vincent Nichols</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dean_(Christianity)" title="Dean (Christianity)">Dean</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Slawomir Witon</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Laity</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Organist" title="Organist">Organist(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Simon Johnson, Peter Stevens</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #FFC0CB; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Listed_building#England_and_Wales" title="Listed building">Listed Building</a> – Grade I</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">1 December 1987<br />Amended 15 February 1994</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">1066500<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of a <i><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Category:Catholic Church in England and Wales">series</a></i> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Catholic Church in England and Wales">Catholic Church<br />in England and Wales</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Westminster_Cathedral_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Westminster_Cathedral_interior.jpg/130px-Westminster_Cathedral_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Westminster_Cathedral_interior.jpg/195px-Westminster_Cathedral_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Westminster_Cathedral_interior.jpg/260px-Westminster_Cathedral_interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1345" data-file-height="1646" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Westminster Cathedral</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> Organisation</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Westminster" title="Archbishop of Westminster">Archbishop of Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bishops%27_Conference_of_England_and_Wales" title="Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales">Catholic Bishops' Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_Catholic_dioceses_in_England_and_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman Catholic dioceses in England and Wales">Dioceses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Ordinariate_of_Our_Lady_of_Walsingham" title="Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham">Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Chaplaincies_in_England_and_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Chaplaincies in England and Wales">Chaplaincies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunciature_to_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Nunciature to Great Britain">Nunciature to Great Britain</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Catholicism_in_England" title="Category:History of Catholicism in England">History</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_mission" title="Gregorian mission">Gregorian mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_saints" title="Category:English saints">English saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Welsh_saints" title="Category:Welsh saints">Welsh saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_IV" title="Pope Adrian IV">Pope Adrian IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recusancy" title="Recusancy">Recusancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Chapter" title="Old Chapter">Old Chapter</a></li> <li><a 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_Church_in_England_and_Wales_sidebar" title="Template:Catholic Church in England and Wales sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_Church_in_England_and_Wales_sidebar" title="Template talk:Catholic Church in England and Wales sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_Church_in_England_and_Wales_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic Church in England and Wales sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westminster_Cathedral_Nave,_London,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Westminster_Cathedral_Nave%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/220px-Westminster_Cathedral_Nave%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Westminster_Cathedral_Nave%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/330px-Westminster_Cathedral_Nave%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Westminster_Cathedral_Nave%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/440px-Westminster_Cathedral_Nave%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="6867" /></a><figcaption>Interior</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westminster_Cathedral_interior3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Westminster_Cathedral_interior3.jpg/220px-Westminster_Cathedral_interior3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Westminster_Cathedral_interior3.jpg/330px-Westminster_Cathedral_interior3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Westminster_Cathedral_interior3.jpg/440px-Westminster_Cathedral_interior3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1622" data-file-height="2478" /></a><figcaption>Baptistery</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westminster_Cathedral_from_the_south-west.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Westminster_Cathedral_from_the_south-west.jpg/220px-Westminster_Cathedral_from_the_south-west.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Westminster_Cathedral_from_the_south-west.jpg/330px-Westminster_Cathedral_from_the_south-west.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Westminster_Cathedral_from_the_south-west.jpg/440px-Westminster_Cathedral_from_the_south-west.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>South-western elevation</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westminster.cathedral.mosaic.london.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Westminster.cathedral.mosaic.london.arp.jpg/220px-Westminster.cathedral.mosaic.london.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Westminster.cathedral.mosaic.london.arp.jpg/330px-Westminster.cathedral.mosaic.london.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Westminster.cathedral.mosaic.london.arp.jpg/440px-Westminster.cathedral.mosaic.london.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1347" /></a><figcaption>Neo-Byzantine mosaics</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westminster_Cathedral_IMG_4612.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Westminster_Cathedral_IMG_4612.JPG/220px-Westminster_Cathedral_IMG_4612.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Westminster_Cathedral_IMG_4612.JPG/330px-Westminster_Cathedral_IMG_4612.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Westminster_Cathedral_IMG_4612.JPG/440px-Westminster_Cathedral_IMG_4612.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Reliquary of Saint <a href="/wiki/John_Southworth_(martyr)" title="John Southworth (martyr)">John Southworth</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westminster_Cathedral_from_the_west.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Westminster_Cathedral_from_the_west.jpg/220px-Westminster_Cathedral_from_the_west.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Westminster_Cathedral_from_the_west.jpg/330px-Westminster_Cathedral_from_the_west.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Westminster_Cathedral_from_the_west.jpg/440px-Westminster_Cathedral_from_the_west.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>North-western elevation</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catedral_de_Westminster,_Londres,_Inglaterra,_2022-11-23,_DD_49-51_HDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Catedral_de_Westminster%2C_Londres%2C_Inglaterra%2C_2022-11-23%2C_DD_49-51_HDR.jpg/220px-Catedral_de_Westminster%2C_Londres%2C_Inglaterra%2C_2022-11-23%2C_DD_49-51_HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Catedral_de_Westminster%2C_Londres%2C_Inglaterra%2C_2022-11-23%2C_DD_49-51_HDR.jpg/330px-Catedral_de_Westminster%2C_Londres%2C_Inglaterra%2C_2022-11-23%2C_DD_49-51_HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Catedral_de_Westminster%2C_Londres%2C_Inglaterra%2C_2022-11-23%2C_DD_49-51_HDR.jpg/440px-Catedral_de_Westminster%2C_Londres%2C_Inglaterra%2C_2022-11-23%2C_DD_49-51_HDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3626" data-file-height="5439" /></a><figcaption>Blessed Sacrament Chapel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westminster_Cathedral,_London_-_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Westminster_Cathedral%2C_London_-_02.jpg/220px-Westminster_Cathedral%2C_London_-_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Westminster_Cathedral%2C_London_-_02.jpg/330px-Westminster_Cathedral%2C_London_-_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Westminster_Cathedral%2C_London_-_02.jpg/440px-Westminster_Cathedral%2C_London_-_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>Ceiling of the Lady Chapel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North-west_entrance_of_Westminster_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/North-west_entrance_of_Westminster_Cathedral.jpg/220px-North-west_entrance_of_Westminster_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/North-west_entrance_of_Westminster_Cathedral.jpg/330px-North-west_entrance_of_Westminster_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/North-west_entrance_of_Westminster_Cathedral.jpg/440px-North-west_entrance_of_Westminster_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>North-western portal</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Westminster Cathedral</b>, formally the <em>Metropolitan Cathedral of the Most Precious Blood of Our Lord Jesus Christ</em>, is the largest <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Catholic Church in England and Wales">Roman Catholic church in England and Wales</a> and the seat of the Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Westminster" title="Archbishop of Westminster">Archbishop of Westminster</a>. </p><p>The site on which the cathedral stands in the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a> was purchased by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Westminster" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Westminster">Diocese of Westminster</a> in 1885, and construction was completed in 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-sacred-destinations_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sacred-destinations-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Designed by <a href="/wiki/John_Francis_Bentley" title="John Francis Bentley">John Francis Bentley</a> in a 9th-century Christian <a href="/wiki/Neo-Byzantine_architecture" title="Neo-Byzantine architecture">neo-Byzantine style</a>, and accordingly made almost entirely of <a href="/wiki/Brick" title="Brick">brick</a>, without <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> reinforcements,<sup id="cite_ref-Daly2018_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daly2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DayMcNeil2002_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DayMcNeil2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Betjeman" title="John Betjeman">John Betjeman</a> called it "a masterpiece in striped brick and stone" that shows "the good craftsman has no need of steel or concrete."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Cathedral&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Westminster_Cathedral" title="Special:EditPage/Westminster Cathedral">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the late 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>'s hierarchy had only recently been <a href="/wiki/Catholic_emancipation" title="Catholic emancipation">restored</a> in England and Wales, and it was in memory of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Wiseman" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Wiseman">Cardinal Wiseman</a> (who died in 1865, and was the first Archbishop of Westminster from 1850) that the first substantial sum of money was raised for the new cathedral. The land was acquired in 1884 by Wiseman's successor, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Edward_Manning" title="Henry Edward Manning">Cardinal Manning</a>, having previously been occupied by the second <a href="/wiki/Tothill_Fields_Bridewell" title="Tothill Fields Bridewell">Tothill Fields Bridewell</a> prison. </p><p>After two false starts, in 1867 (under architect <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clutton" title="Henry Clutton">Henry Clutton</a>) and 1892 (architect <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baron_von_Herstel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baron von Herstel (page does not exist)">Baron von Herstel</a>), construction started in 1895 under Manning's successor, the third <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">archbishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Vaughan" title="Herbert Vaughan">Cardinal Vaughan</a>, with <a href="/wiki/John_Francis_Bentley" title="John Francis Bentley">John Francis Bentley</a> as architect, in a style heavily influenced by <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Byzantine architecture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cost of the building was anticipated at £150,000 and its area 54,000 sq ft, the cathedral to be 350 ft long by 156 ft wide by 90 ft high.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The foundation stone blessing by Cardinal Vaughan took place on a Saturday morning, 29 June 1895, before a "distinguished" gathering. After the "recitation of the Litanies, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Logue" title="Michael Logue">Cardinal Logue</a> celebrated Low Mass <i>coram episcopo</i>. A procession composed of <a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Passionists" title="Passionists">Passionists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Redemptorists" title="Redemptorists">Redemptorists</a>, and secular clergy made the circuit of the grounds. The choir, directed by the Rev. Charles Cox, rendered, among other pieces, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Webbe" title="Samuel Webbe">Webbe's</a> 'O Roma Felix' and 'O Salutaris'. At the luncheon which followed, the speakers included Cardinal Vaughan, Cardinal Logue, the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fitzalan-Howard,_15th_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk">Duke of Norfolk</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Dalberg-Acton,_1st_Baron_Acton" title="John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton">Lord Acton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Matthews,_1st_Viscount_Llandaff" title="Henry Matthews, 1st Viscount Llandaff">Henry Matthews MP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_FitzAlan-Howard,_1st_Viscount_FitzAlan_of_Derwent" title="Edmund FitzAlan-Howard, 1st Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent">Lord Edmund Talbot</a>, and Sir Donald Macfarlane."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cathedral opened in 1903, a year after Bentley's death. One of the first public liturgies to be celebrated in the cathedral was Cardinal Vaughan's Requiem Mass; the Cardinal died on 19 June 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the debt on the building fund was liquidated, consecration ceremony took place on 28 June 1910<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the laws of the Catholic Church, no place of worship could be <a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">consecrated</a> unless free from debt. </p><p>The decoration of the interior had hardly been started at the time of consecration, as the decoration in Byzantine churches is applied, rather than integral to the architecture. Therefore finishing the decoration of the cathedral was left to the subsequent generations. It is an architectural gem with its interior notable for rich marble decorations and the beautiful, but still incomplete, mosaics. </p><p>In 1895, the cathedral was dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Christ" title="Blood of Christ">Most Precious Blood of Our Lord Jesus Christ</a>. This is indicated by the Latin dedication above the portal arch: <i>Domine Jesus Rex et Redemptor per Sanguinem tuum salva nos</i> (English translation: "Lord Jesus, King and Redeemer, heal us through your blood"). The additional patrons are St Mary, the mother of Jesus, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">St Joseph</a>, his foster father, and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">St Peter</a>, his vicar. The cathedral also has numerous secondary patrons: <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">St Augustine</a> and all British saints, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">St Patrick</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_saints_of_Ireland" title="List of saints of Ireland">all saints of Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Feast of the Dedication of the Cathedral is celebrated each year on 1 July,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which from 1849 until 1969 was the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Most_Precious_Blood" title="Feast of the Most Precious Blood">feast of the Most Precious Blood of Our Lord Jesus Christ</a>. </p><p>In 1977, as part of her <a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Silver Jubilee Celebrations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> visited the cathedral to view a flower show. </p><p>On 28 May 1982, the first day of his six-day pastoral visit to the United Kingdom, <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> celebrated <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> in the cathedral. </p><p>On <a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St Andrew's Day">St Andrew's Day</a> (30 November) 1995, at the invitation of <a href="/wiki/Basil_Cardinal_Hume" class="mw-redirect" title="Basil Cardinal Hume">Basil Cardinal Hume</a>, Queen Elizabeth again visited the cathedral but this time she attended Choral <a href="/wiki/Vespers" title="Vespers">Vespers</a>, the first participation of the Queen in a Roman Catholic church <a href="/wiki/Liturgy#Christianity" title="Liturgy">liturgy</a> in Great Britain. </p><p>On 18 September 2010, on the third day of his four-day <a href="/wiki/State_visit" title="State visit">state visit</a> to the United Kingdom, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> celebrated Mass in the cathedral. </p><p>In January 2011 the cathedral was the venue for the reception and later ordination of three former Anglican bishops<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Personal_Ordinariate_of_Our_Lady_of_Walsingham" title="Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham">Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham</a>. </p><p>In 2012, the cathedral was the host of two episodes of the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a> three-part documentary series named <i>Catholics</i>: the first episode looked at women who attend and/or work at the cathedral and their faith, and the third episode looked at the men training to become priests at <a href="/wiki/Allen_Hall_seminary" class="mw-redirect" title="Allen Hall seminary">Allen Hall seminary</a>, and in the episode was a brief scene of their ordination at the cathedral. </p><p>In May 2021, during the Covid Pandemic and the banning of public mass, Prime Minister Boris Johnson and Carrie Symonds were wed at the Cathedral.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Cathedral&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Westminster_Cathedral" title="Special:EditPage/Westminster Cathedral">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Westminster Cathedral is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_church_buildings" title="List of largest church buildings">50th largest church in the world</a> in terms of interior area (5,017m²), seating up to 2,000 people. It is the 38th largest Catholic church globally in terms of interior area. </p><p>The whole building, in the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Byzantine_architecture" title="Neo-Byzantine architecture">neo-Byzantine</a> style, covers a floor area of about 5,017 square metres (54,000 sq ft); the dominating factor of the scheme, apart from the <a href="/wiki/Campanile" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanile">campanile</a>, being a spacious and uninterrupted <a href="/wiki/Nave" title="Nave">nave</a>, 18 metres (59 ft) wide and 70 metres (230 ft) long from the narthex to the sanctuary steps,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> covered with <a href="/wiki/Domical_vault" class="mw-redirect" title="Domical vault">domical vaulting</a>. </p><p>In planning the nave, a system of supports was adopted not unlike that to be seen in most Gothic cathedrals, where huge, yet narrow, <a href="/wiki/Buttresses" class="mw-redirect" title="Buttresses">buttresses</a> are projected at intervals, and stiffened by transverse walls, arcading and vaulting. Unlike in a <a href="/wiki/Gothic_cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic cathedral">Gothic cathedral</a>, at Westminster they are limited to the interior. The main piers and <a href="/wiki/Transverse_arch" class="mw-redirect" title="Transverse arch">transverse arches</a> that support the domes divide the nave into three bays, each about 395 square metres (4,250 sq ft). The domes rest on the arches at a height of 27 metres (89 ft) from the floor, the total internal height being 34 metres (112 ft). </p><p>In selecting the <a href="/wiki/Pendentive" title="Pendentive">pendentive</a> type of dome, of shallow concavity, for the main roofing, weight and pressure have been reduced to a minimum. The domes and pendentures are formed of concrete, and as extraneous roofs of timber were dispensed with, it was necessary to provide a thin independent outer shell of impervious stone. The concrete flat roofing around the domes is covered with asphalt. The <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary" title="Sanctuary">sanctuary</a> is essentially Byzantine in its system of construction. The extensions that open out on all sides make the corona of the dome seem independent of support. </p><p>The eastern termination of the cathedral suggests the <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Lombardic_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Lombardic architecture">Lombardic</a> style of Northern Italy. The <a href="/wiki/Crypt" title="Crypt">crypt</a> with openings into the sanctuary, thus closely following the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Sant%27Ambrogio" title="Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio">Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio</a>, Milan, the open colonnade under the eaves, the timber roof following the curve of the apex, are all familiar features. The large buttresses resist the pressure of a vault 14.5-metre (48 ft) in span. Although the cruciform plan is not very noticeable inside the building, it is emphasised outside by the boldly projecting transepts. These with their twin gables, slated roofs, and square turrets with pyramidal stone cappings suggest a <a href="/wiki/Norman_architecture" title="Norman architecture">Norman</a> prototype in striking contrast to the rest of the design. </p><p>The main structural parts of the building are of brick and concrete, the latter material being used for the vaulting and domes of graduated thickness and complicated curve. Following Byzantine tradition, the interior was designed with a view to the application of marble and <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a>. Throughout the exterior, the lavish introduction of white stone bands in connection with the red brickwork (itself quite common in the immediate area) produces an impression quite foreign to the British eye. The bricks were hand-moulded and delivered by Faversham Brickfields at Faversham in Kent and Thomas Lawrence Brickworks in <a href="/wiki/Bracknell" title="Bracknell">Bracknell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBS_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBS-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main entrance façade owes its composition, in a measure, to accident rather than design. The most prominent feature of the façade is the deeply recessed arch over the central entrance, flanked by tribunes, and stairway turrets. The elevation on the north, with a length of nearly 91.5 metres (300 ft) contrasted with the vertical lines of the campanile and the transepts, is most impressive. It rests on a continuous and plain basement of granite, and only above the flat roofing of the chapels does the structure assume a varied outline. </p><p>Marble columns, with capitals of Byzantine type, support the galleries and other subsidiary parts of the building. The marble selected for the columns was, in some instances, obtained from formations quarried by the ancient Romans, chiefly in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_altar">High altar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Cathedral&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: High altar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The central feature of the decoration in the cathedral is the baldacchino over the <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">high altar</a>. This is one of the largest structures of its kind, the total width being 9.5 metres (31 ft), and the height 11.5 metres (38 ft). The upper part of white marble is richly inlaid with coloured marbles, lapis lazuli, pearl, and gold. Eight columns of yellow marble, from <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a>, support the <a href="/wiki/Baldacchino" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldacchino">baldacchino</a> over the high altar, and others, white and pink, from <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, support the organ galleries. </p><p>Behind the baldacchino the <a href="/wiki/Crypt" title="Crypt">crypt</a> emerges above the floor of the <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary" title="Sanctuary">sanctuary</a>, and the podium thus formed is broken in the middle by the steps that lead up to the <a href="/wiki/Retroquire" title="Retroquire">retro-choir</a>. The curved wall of the crypt is lined with narrow slabs of green carystran marble. Opening out of this crypt is a smaller chamber, directly under the high altar. Here are laid the remains of the first two <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Westminster" title="Archbishop of Westminster">Archbishops of Westminster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Wiseman" title="Nicholas Wiseman">Cardinal Wiseman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Edward_Manning" title="Henry Edward Manning">Cardinal Manning</a>. The altar and <a href="/wiki/Relics" class="mw-redirect" title="Relics">relics</a> of <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Rich" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund Rich">Saint Edmund of Canterbury</a> occupy a recess on the south side of the chamber. The little chapel of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Saint Thomas of Canterbury</a>, entered from the north transept, is used as a <a href="/wiki/Chantry" title="Chantry">chantry</a> for <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Vaughan" title="Herbert Vaughan">Cardinal Vaughan</a>. A large Byzantine style <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">crucifix</a>, suspended from the sanctuary arch, dominates the nave. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chapels">Chapels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Cathedral&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chapels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The chapel of the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Sacrament" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Sacrament">Blessed Sacrament</a>, on the north side of the sanctuary, and the <a href="/wiki/Lady_Chapel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Chapel">Lady Chapel</a> on the south, are entered from the transepts; they are 6.7 m (22 ft) wide, lofty, with open arcades, barrel vaulting, and apsidal ends. Over the altar of the Blessed Sacrament chapel a small baldacchino is suspended from the vault, and the chapel is enclosed with bronze grilles and gates through which people may enter. In the Lady Chapel the walls are clad in marble and the altar <a href="/wiki/Reredos" title="Reredos">reredos</a> is a mosaic of the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_and_Child" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin and Child">Virgin and Child</a>, surrounded by a white marble frame. The conches of the chapel contain predominantly blue mosaics of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> prophets <a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a>. Unlike the Blessed Sacrament chapel, the chapel dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary (mother of Jesus)">Blessed Mother</a> is completely open. The building of the Lady Chapel was funded by <a href="/wiki/Jane_Weld" title="Jane Weld">Baroness Weld</a> in memory of her second husband.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Those chapels which may be entered from the aisles of the nave are also 6.7 metres (22 ft) wide, and roofed with simple <a href="/wiki/Barrel_vault" title="Barrel vault">barrel vaulting</a>. The chapel of Saints <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine</a>, next to the <a href="/wiki/Baptistery" title="Baptistery">baptistery</a>, from which it is separated by an open screen of marble, was the first to have its decoration completed. The marble lining of the piers rises to the <a href="/wiki/Springing_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Springing level">springing level</a> of the vaulting and this level has determined the height of the altar reredos, and of the screen opposite. On the side wall, under the windows, the marble <a href="/wiki/Dado_(architecture)" title="Dado (architecture)">dado</a> rises to but little more than half this height. From the <a href="/wiki/Cornice" title="Cornice">cornices</a> the mosaic decoration begins on the walls and vault. This general arrangement applies to all the chapels yet each has its own distinct artistic character. Thus, in sharp contrast to the chapel dedicated to <a href="/wiki/St._Gregory" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Gregory">St. Gregory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">St. Augustine</a> which contains vibrant mosaics, the chapel of the <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">Holy Souls</a> employs a more subdued, almost funereal style, decoration with late Victorian on a background of silver.<sup id="cite_ref-trial_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trial-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As in many Catholic churches, there are the <a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations of the Cross</a> to be found along the outer aisles. The ones at Westminster Cathedral are by the sculptor <a href="/wiki/Eric_Gill" title="Eric Gill">Eric Gill</a>, and are considered to be amongst the finest examples of his work.<sup id="cite_ref-sacred-destinations_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sacred-destinations-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mosaics">Mosaics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Cathedral&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mosaics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the cathedral's architect John Bentley died, there were no completed mosaics in the cathedral and Bentley left behind precious little in terms of sketches and designs. Consequently, the subject and styles of the mosaics were influenced by donors as well as designers, overseen by a cathedral committee established for this purpose. Indeed, Bentley's influence is, in reality, only seen in the chapel dedicated to the Holy Souls.<sup id="cite_ref-trial_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trial-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the prevailing absence of any real designs by Bentley, there was no real agreement as to how the mosaics should look, and in one instance, works already installed (in the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart" title="Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a> shrine) were removed after the death of the artist, George Bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-trial_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trial-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mosaics installed during the period 1912–1916 were mostly done by devotees of the <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts and Crafts Movement">Arts and Crafts Movement</a>. Those in the Lady Chapel were installed by the experienced mosaicist <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Martin" title="Gertrude Martin">Gertrude Martin</a> (who had worked with George Bridge), in 1912–1913. The work was supervised by Anning Bell and Marshall, who later designed the mosaic of <a href="/wiki/Christ_enthroned" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ enthroned">Christ enthroned</a> which is above the entrance to the cathedral. The <a href="/wiki/Tympanum_(architecture)" title="Tympanum (architecture)">Tympanum</a> of the portal shows in a Byzantine mosaic technique from left to right the kneeling <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">St Peter</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Keys_of_Heaven" title="Keys of Heaven">Keys of Heaven</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Virgin Mary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> as <a href="/wiki/Christ_Pantocrator" title="Christ Pantocrator">Pantocrator</a> on the throne, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">St Joseph</a>, the Nursing Father of Jesus with a <a href="/wiki/Lilium" title="Lilium">lily</a> in his right hand, and in a kneeling position the canonized English King <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a> in royal regalia. As Jesus Christ blesses the viewer with his right hand, he holds in his left hand the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Life" title="Book of Life">Book of Life</a>. The Latin inscription of the opened book pages reads: <i>Ego sum ostium per me si quis introierit salvabitur</i> (I am the gate; whoever enters through me will be saved; <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> 10,9). </p><p>The mosaics in the chapel dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Andrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Andrew">Saint Andrew</a>, paid for by <a href="/wiki/John_Crichton-Stuart,_4th_Marquis_of_Bute" class="mw-redirect" title="John Crichton-Stuart, 4th Marquis of Bute">The 4th Marquess of Bute</a>, also belong to work of the Arts and Craft Movement.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The five-year period 1930 to 1935 saw a tremendous amount of work done, with mosaics placed in the Lady Chapel, in the alcoves above the confessionals, in the crypt dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a>, and on the sanctuary arch. </p><p>No new mosaics were installed until 1950 when one depicting <a href="/wiki/St_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" class="mw-redirect" title="St Thérèse of Lisieux">St Thérèse of Lisieux</a> (later replaced by a bronze) was placed in the south transept and another, in 1952, in memory of those in the Royal Army Medical Corps who died in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, in the chapel of <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a>. From 1960 to 1962, the Blessed Sacrament Chapel was decorated in a traditional, early Christian style, with the mosaics being predominantly pale pink in order to afford a sense of light and space. The designer, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Anrep" title="Boris Anrep">Boris Anrep</a>, chose various <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharistic</a> themes such as the sacrifice of <a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a>, the hospitality of <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> and the gathering of the <a href="/wiki/Manna" title="Manna">manna</a> in the wilderness, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_multitude" title="Feeding the multitude">Feeding the multitude</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Marriage_at_Cana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage at Cana">Wedding Feast at Cana</a>. In his old age, Anrep also acted as adviser and principal sketch artist for the mosaics installed in the chapel of <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Saint Paul</a> (1964–1965).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These mosaics depict various moments in the life of Paul; his occupation as a tent-maker, his <a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_Paul_the_Apostle" title="Conversion of Paul the Apostle">conversion</a> to Christ, the shipwreck on <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> and his eventual execution in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a>. </p><p>It was not until the visit of <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> in 1982 that the next mosaic was installed above the north-west entrance. Rather than a scene, this mosaic is an inscription: <i>Porta sis ostium pacificum per eum qui se ostium appellavit, Jesus Christum</i> (May this door be the gate of peace through Him who called Himself the gate, Jesus Christ). In 1999, the mosaic of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Saint Patrick</a>, holding a <a href="/wiki/Shamrock" title="Shamrock">shamrock</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Crosier" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosier">pastoral staff</a> as well as trampling on a snake, was installed at the entrance to the chapel in his honour. In 2001, a striking mosaic of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Alban" title="Saint Alban">Saint Alban</a>, strongly influenced by the style of early Byzantine iconography, was installed by the designer, Christopher Hobbs. Due to the very favourable reception of the work, Hobbs was commissioned for further mosaics: the chapel to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Saint Joseph</a> which contains mosaics of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a> (2003) and men working on Westminster Cathedral (2006). Hobbs also did the chapel in honour of <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a> illustrating the saint standing in front of the old <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a> on the chapel's east wall and the murder of Thomas on the west wall. The vault is decorated with a design of flowers, <a href="/wiki/Tendril" title="Tendril">tendrils</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roundel" title="Roundel">roundels</a> (2006). As of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Cathedral&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were plans for further mosaics, including depictions of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_of_Assisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Francis of Assisi">Saint Francis of Assisi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Saint Anthony</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Narthex" title="Narthex">narthex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Cathedral&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite its relatively short history compared to other English cathedrals, Westminster has a distinguished choral tradition. It has its origin in the shared vision of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Vaughan" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Vaughan">Cardinal Vaughan</a>, the cathedral's founder, and Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Runciman_Terry" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Runciman Terry">Richard Runciman Terry</a>, its inaugural Master of Music. Terry prepared his choristers for a year before their first sung service in public. For the remainder of his tenure (until 1924) he pursued a celebrated revival of great quantities of <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> repertoire from the <a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance" title="English Renaissance">English Renaissance</a>, most of which had lain unsung ever since the Reformation. Students at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Music" title="Royal College of Music">Royal College of Music</a> who would become household names were introduced to their heritage when <a href="/wiki/Charles_Villiers_Stanford" title="Charles Villiers Stanford">Charles Villiers Stanford</a> sent them to the cathedral to hear "<a href="/wiki/Polyphony" title="Polyphony">polyphony</a> for a penny" (the bus fare). This programme also required honing the boys' sight-reading ability to a then-unprecedented standard. </p><p>The choir has commissioned many works from distinguished composers, many of whom are better known for their contribution to <a href="/wiki/Anglican_church_music" title="Anglican church music">Anglican music</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" title="Ralph Vaughan Williams">Ralph Vaughan Williams</a>. However, the choir is particularly renowned for its performance of <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a> and polyphony of the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>. </p><p>Unlike most other English cathedrals, Westminster does not have a separate <a href="/wiki/Choir_(architecture)" title="Choir (architecture)">quire</a>; instead, the choir are hidden from view in the <a href="/wiki/Apse" title="Apse">apse</a> behind the <a href="/wiki/High_altar" class="mw-redirect" title="High altar">high altar</a>. This, with the excellent acoustic of the cathedral building, contributes to its distinctive sound. </p><p>Located in the west gallery, the Grand Organ of four manuals and 81 stops occupies a more commanding position than many British cathedral organs enjoy. Built by Henry Willis III from 1922 to 1932, it remains one of the most successful and admired. One of <a href="/wiki/Louis_Vierne" title="Louis Vierne">Louis Vierne</a>'s best-known organ pieces, "<a href="/wiki/Carillon_de_Westminster" title="Carillon de Westminster">Carillon de Westminster</a>", the final movement from Suite no. 3 (op. 54) of Pièces de Fantaisie, was originally improvised on it in 1924,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the subsequent 1927 published version is dedicated to Willis. </p><p>The apse organ of fifteen stops was built in 1910 by <a href="/wiki/Lewis_%26_Co" title="Lewis & Co">Lewis & Co</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Grand Organ has its own attached console, a console in the apse can play both instruments. </p><p>On 3 May 1902, some 3,000 people attended a concert of sacred music in the cathedral, organised to raise money for the Choir School and to test the acoustics in the building. The music was provided by an orchestra of a hundred and a choir of two hundred, including the Cathedral Choir, directed by Richard Terry. The programme included music by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Purcell" title="Henry Purcell">Purcell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina" title="Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina">Palestrina</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Byrd" title="William Byrd">Byrd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tallis" title="Thomas Tallis">Tallis</a>. The acoustics proved to be excellent.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One year later, on 6 June 1903, the first performance in London of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dream_of_Gerontius" title="The Dream of Gerontius">The Dream of Gerontius</a></i>, a poem by Cardinal <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">John Henry Newman</a>, set to music by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Edward Elgar</a>, took place in the cathedral. The composer himself conducted, with Richard Terry at the organ.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once again, the proceeds went to support the Cathedral Choir School. </p><p>John Tavener's <i>The Beautiful Names</i>, a setting of the 99 names of Allah found in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Qur'an</a>, premièred in the cathedral on 19 June 2007, in a performance by the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Symphony_Orchestra" title="BBC Symphony Orchestra">BBC Symphony Orchestra</a> and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Symphony_Chorus" title="BBC Symphony Chorus">Chorus</a> in the presence of <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles, Prince of Wales">Charles, Prince of Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Choir">Choir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Cathedral&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Choir"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The founder of Westminster Cathedral, <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Herbert_Vaughan" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Herbert Vaughan">Cardinal Herbert Vaughan</a> laid great emphasis on the beauty and integrity of the cathedral's liturgy. Initially, he determined there should be a community of Benedictine monks at the new cathedral, performing the liturgies and singing the daily Office. This caused great resentment amongst the secular clergy of the diocese, who felt they were being snubbed. In the end, negotiations with both the English Benedictines and the community of French Benedictines at <a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Abbey,_Farnborough" title="St Michael's Abbey, Farnborough">Farnborough</a> failed and a traditional choir of men and boys was set up instead.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite great financial problems, the Choir School opened on 5 October 1901 with eleven boy choristers, in the building originally intended for the monks. Cardinal Vaughan received the boys with the words "You are the foundation stones".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cathedral Choir was officially instituted three months later in January 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sung Masses and Offices were immediately established when the cathedral opened for worship in 1903, and have continued without interruption ever since. </p><p>In September 2020, Cardinal Vincent Nichols responded to a strategic review of sacred music at Westminster Cathedral, asking that "all those who profess to be fervent supporters of this precious inheritance of sacred music to become regular contributors to its financial support. It is, unquestionably, time to look ahead in order to ensure that this tradition of sacred music in Westminster Cathedral...can be put onto a firm footing for years to come."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the question of a musical director was first considered, the choice fell on the singer Sir <a href="/wiki/Charles_Santley" title="Charles Santley">Charles Santley</a>, who had conducted the choir of the <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Victories,_Kensington" title="Our Lady of Victories, Kensington">pro-cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kensington" title="Kensington">Kensington</a> on several occasions. But Santley knew his limitations and refused.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richard Runciman Terry—Director of Music at <a href="/wiki/Downside_School" title="Downside School">Downside Abbey School</a>—then became the first director of music of Westminster Cathedral. It proved to be an inspired choice. Terry was both a brilliant choir trainer and a pioneering scholar, one of the first musicologists to revive the great works of the English and other European Renaissance composers. Terry built Westminster Cathedral Choir's reputation on performances of music—by <a href="/wiki/William_Byrd" title="William Byrd">Byrd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tallis" title="Thomas Tallis">Tallis</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Taverner" title="John Taverner">Taverner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina" title="Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina">Palestrina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Luis_de_Victoria" title="Tomás Luis de Victoria">Victoria</a>, among others—that had not been heard since the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and Mass at the cathedral was soon attended by inquisitive musicians as well as the faithful. The performance of great Renaissance Masses and motets in their proper liturgical context remains the cornerstone of the choir's activity. </p><p>Terry resigned in 1924, and was succeeded by Canon <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lancelot_Long&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lancelot Long (page does not exist)">Lancelot Long</a> who had been one of the original eleven choristers in 1901. </p><p>At the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the boys were at first evacuated to <a href="/wiki/Uckfield" title="Uckfield">Uckfield</a> in East Sussex, but eventually the choir school was closed altogether for the remainder of the war. The music at the cathedral was performed by a reduced body of professional men singers.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, from 1941 to 1947, the Master of Music was William Hyde, who had been the sub-organist under Richard Terry.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hyde was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/George_Malcolm_(musician)" title="George Malcolm (musician)">George Malcolm</a>, who developed the continental sound of the choir and consolidated its musical reputation—in particular through the now legendary recording of Victoria's <i><a href="/wiki/Tenebrae_Responsories_(Victoria)" title="Tenebrae Responsories (Victoria)">Tenebrae responsories</a></i>. More recent holders of the post have included Francis Cameron, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Mawby" title="Colin Mawby">Colin Mawby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cleobury" title="Stephen Cleobury">Stephen Cleobury</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Hill_(choral_director)" title="David Hill (choral director)">David Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_O%27Donnell_(organist)" title="James O'Donnell (organist)">James O'Donnell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Baker_(organist)" title="Martin Baker (organist)">Martin Baker</a>. In May 2021, Simon Johnson was appointed as the Master of Music.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to its performances of Renaissance masterpieces, Westminster Cathedral Choir has given many first performances of music written especially for it by contemporary composers. Terry gave the premières of music by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" title="Ralph Vaughan Williams">Vaughan Williams</a> (whose Mass in G minor received its liturgical performance at a Mass in the cathedral), <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Holst" title="Gustav Holst">Gustav Holst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Howells" title="Herbert Howells">Herbert Howells</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wood_(composer)" title="Charles Wood (composer)">Charles Wood</a>; in 1959 <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a> wrote his Missa brevis for the choristers; and since 1960 works by <a href="/wiki/Lennox_Berkeley" title="Lennox Berkeley">Lennox Berkeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Mathias" title="William Mathias">William Mathias</a>, Colin Mawby and <a href="/wiki/Francis_Grier" title="Francis Grier">Francis Grier</a> have been added to the repertoire. Most recently four new Masses—by <a href="/wiki/Roxanna_Panufnik" title="Roxanna Panufnik">Roxanna Panufnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_MacMillan" title="James MacMillan">James MacMillan</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Peter_Maxwell_Davies" title="Peter Maxwell Davies">Peter Maxwell Davies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judith_Bingham" title="Judith Bingham">Judith Bingham</a>—have received their first performance in the cathedral. In June 2005 the choristers performed the world première of Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Tavener" title="John Tavener">John Tavener</a>'s Missa Brevis for boys' voices. </p><p>Westminster Cathedral Choir made its first recording in 1907. Many more have followed in the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Cathedral_Choir_discography" title="Westminster Cathedral Choir discography">Westminster Cathedral Choir discography</a>, most recently the series on the <a href="/wiki/Hyperion_Records" title="Hyperion Records">Hyperion</a> label, and many awards have been conferred on the choir's recordings. Of these the most prestigious are the 1998 Gramophone Awards for both Best Choral Recording of the Year and Record of the Year, for the performance of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Martin_(composer)" title="Frank Martin (composer)">Martin</a>'s Mass for Double Choir and <a href="/wiki/Ildebrando_Pizzetti" title="Ildebrando Pizzetti">Pizzetti's</a> Requiem, conducted by O'Donnell. It is the only cathedral choir to have won in either of these categories. </p><p>When its duties at the cathedral permit, the choir also gives concert performances both at home and abroad. It has appeared at many important festivals, including <a href="/wiki/Aldeburgh" title="Aldeburgh">Aldeburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham" title="Cheltenham">Cheltenham</a>, Salzburg, Copenhagen, <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spitalfields" title="Spitalfields">Spitalfields</a>. It has appeared in many of the major concert halls of Britain, including the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Festival_Hall" title="Royal Festival Hall">Royal Festival Hall</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wigmore_Hall" title="Wigmore Hall">Wigmore Hall</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a>. The cathedral choir also broadcasts frequently on radio and television. </p><p>Westminster Cathedral Choir has undertaken a number of international tours, including visits to Hungary, Germany and the US. The choristers participated in the 2003 and 2006 International <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a> Festival in <a href="/wiki/Watou" title="Watou">Watou</a>, Belgium, and the full choir performed twice at the <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a> International Church Music Festival in March 2006. In April 2005, 2007 and 2008 they performed as part of the "Due Organi in Concerto" festival in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>. In October 2011, they sang the inaugural concert of the Institute for Sacred Music at <a href="/wiki/College_of_Saint_Benedict_and_Saint_John%27s_University" title="College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University">Saint John's</a> in <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>. </p><p>The cathedral is frequently referred to as the 'Drome'. This dates from the early 20th century days when the Lay Clerks were represented by Equity—the trade union for actors and variety artists. In the profession, it was jokingly referred to as 'The Westminster Hippodrome'—a nickname which was later shortened to the 'Drome'.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oremus_magazine"><i>Oremus</i> magazine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Cathedral&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Oremus magazine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Westminster Cathedral has published a monthly magazine since 1896, before the building work was completed. The latest in a series of titles is <i>Oremus</i>, which first appeared in 1996. (The Latin word <i>oremus</i> translates into English as "Let us pray".) <i>Oremus</i> is a 32-page colour magazine, which contains features and articles by well-known members of the Catholic community, as well as non-Catholic commentators and leading figures within British society. It is the successor of titles such as the <i>Westminster Cathedral Record</i>, selling at 6d per copy from January 1896, the <i>Westminster Cathedral Chronicle</i>, a monthly, available from January 1907 at 2d a copy or 3/- a year, post paid, and the <i>Westminster Cathedral Bulletin</i>, first published in 1974. Dylan Parry, who edited the magazine between 2012 and August 2016, took the decision to make <i>Oremus</i> a free publication in 2013. The magazine is also available to download via Westminster Cathedral's website.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Burials">Burials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Cathedral&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Burials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In order of years of office: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Challoner" title="Richard Challoner">Richard Challoner</a> (1691–1781) Vicar Apostolic of the London District (Re-interred in the cathedral 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Wiseman" title="Nicholas Wiseman">Nicholas Wiseman</a> (28 September 1850 – 15 February 1865) First Archbishop of Westminster upon the re-establishment of the Catholic hierarchy in England and Wales in 1850. (Re-interred in the cathedral 1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Edward_Manning" title="Henry Edward Manning">Henry Edward Manning</a> (16 May 1865 – 14 January 1892) Archbishop of Westminster. (Re-interred in the cathedral 1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Vaughan" title="Herbert Vaughan">Herbert Vaughan</a> (8 April 1832 – 19 June 1903) Archbishop of Westminster. (Re-interred in the cathedral 2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hinsley" title="Arthur Hinsley">Arthur Hinsley</a> (1 April 1935 – 17 March 1943) Archbishop of Westminster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Griffin" title="Bernard Griffin">Bernard Griffin</a> (18 December 1943 – 19 August 1956) Archbishop of Westminster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godfrey" title="William Godfrey">William Godfrey</a> (3 December 1956 – 22 January 1963) Archbishop of Westminster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Heenan_(bishop)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Heenan (bishop)">John Heenan</a> (22 February 1965 – 7 November 1975) Archbishop of Westminster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Hume" title="Basil Hume">Basil Hume</a> (9 February 1976 – 17 June 1999) Archbishop of Westminster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cormac_Murphy-O%27Connor" title="Cormac Murphy-O'Connor">Cormac Murphy-O'Connor</a> (15 February 2000 – 3 April 2009) (Died on 1 September 2017) Archbishop of Westminster and first emeritus Archbishop, since the other holders died in office</li></ul> <p>Also buried in the crypt is Alexander count <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Konstantinovich_Benckendorff" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Konstantinovich Benckendorff">Benckendorff</a>, the Russian ambassador to the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_St_James%27s" title="Court of St James's">Court of St James's</a> from 1903 until his death in 1917. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Cathedral&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westminster_Cathedral_by_Brian_Whelan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Westminster_Cathedral_by_Brian_Whelan.jpg/220px-Westminster_Cathedral_by_Brian_Whelan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Westminster_Cathedral_by_Brian_Whelan.jpg/330px-Westminster_Cathedral_by_Brian_Whelan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Westminster_Cathedral_by_Brian_Whelan.jpg/440px-Westminster_Cathedral_by_Brian_Whelan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Westminster Cathedral by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Whelan" title="Brian Whelan">Brian Whelan</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Monsignor" title="Monsignor">Monsignor</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hugh_Benson" title="Robert Hugh Benson">Robert Hugh Benson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">apocalyptic</a> science fiction novel <i><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_World" title="Lord of the World">Lord of the World</a></i>, Westminster Cathedral is the only church in London still used for religious purposes. The others have all been confiscated by the state.</li> <li>The Campanile Bell Tower of Westminster Cathedral was featured prominently in the <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Correspondent_(film)" title="Foreign Correspondent (film)">Foreign Correspondent</a></i>, at which the attempted murder of a journalist played by <a href="/wiki/Joel_McCrea" title="Joel McCrea">Joel McCrea</a> took place.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Shekhar_Kapur" title="Shekhar Kapur">Shekhar Kapur</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth:_The_Golden_Age" title="Elizabeth: The Golden Age">Elizabeth: The Golden Age</a></i> scenes taking place at <a href="/wiki/El_Escorial" title="El Escorial">El Escorial</a> were shot in Westminster Cathedral.</li> <li>The cathedral has been painted by London-born Irish artist <a href="/wiki/Brian_Whelan" title="Brian Whelan">Brian Whelan</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Cathedral&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_and_cathedrals_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="List of churches and cathedrals of London">List of churches and cathedrals of London</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Cathedral&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1066500" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1066500?section=official-list-entry">"Wesminster Cathedral (1066500)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Wesminster+Cathedral+%281066500%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1066500%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sacred-destinations-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sacred-destinations_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sacred-destinations_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/london-westminster-cathedral">"Westminster Cathedral – London, England"</a>. <i>www.sacred-destinations.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sacred-destinations.com&rft.atitle=Westminster+Cathedral+%E2%80%93+London%2C+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-destinations.com%2Fengland%2Flondon-westminster-cathedral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daly2018-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Daly2018_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Daly2018" class="citation book cs1">Mark Daly (16 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iKF5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA134"><i>London Uncovered (New Edition): More than Sixty Unusual Places to Explore</i></a>. White Lion Publishing. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7112-3998-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7112-3998-2"><bdi>978-0-7112-3998-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=London+Uncovered+%28New+Edition%29%3A+More+than+Sixty+Unusual+Places+to+Explore&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=White+Lion+Publishing&rft.date=2018-10-16&rft.isbn=978-0-7112-3998-2&rft.au=Mark+Daly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiKF5DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DayMcNeil2002-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DayMcNeil2002_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLance_DayIan_McNeil2002" class="citation book cs1">Lance Day; Ian McNeil (11 September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FmoTeX3aGl4C&pg=PT111"><i>Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology</i></a>. Routledge. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-65019-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-65019-4"><bdi>978-1-134-65019-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Dictionary+of+the+History+of+Technology&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002-09-11&rft.isbn=978-1-134-65019-4&rft.au=Lance+Day&rft.au=Ian+McNeil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFmoTeX3aGl4C%26pg%3DPT111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBetjeman1974" class="citation book cs1">Betjeman, John (25 July 1974). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=68YjAAAAMAAJ&q=westminster+cathedral"><i>A Pictorial History of English Architecture</i></a></span>. Penguin Books Ltd. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0140038248" title="Special:BookSources/978-0140038248"><bdi>978-0140038248</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Pictorial+History+of+English+Architecture&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Ltd.&rft.date=1974-07-25&rft.isbn=978-0140038248&rft.aulast=Betjeman&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D68YjAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dwestminster%2Bcathedral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.londongardensonline.org.uk/gardens-online-record.asp?ID=WST146">Westminster Cathedral Piazza</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140819090616/http://www.londongardensonline.org.uk/gardens-online-record.asp?ID=WST146">Archived</a> 19 August 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from <i>London Gardens Online</i> retrieved 16 May 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"The New Roman Catholic Cathedral, Westminster". <i>The Illustrated London News</i>: 3. 20 July 1895 – via Archive.Org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Illustrated+London+News&rft.atitle=The+New+Roman+Catholic+Cathedral%2C+Westminster&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1895-07-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"The New Roman Catholic Cathedral, Westminster". <i>The Illustrated London News</i>: 3. 20 July 1895 – via Archive.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Illustrated+London+News&rft.atitle=The+New+Roman+Catholic+Cathedral%2C+Westminster&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1895-07-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowse2005" class="citation news cs1">Howse, Christopher (30 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3616563/Sacred-mysteries.html">"Sacred Mysteries"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Sacred+Mysteries&rft.date=2005-04-30&rft.aulast=Howse&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fcomment%2Fpersonal-view%2F3616563%2FSacred-mysteries.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlba2013" class="citation news cs1">Alba, M.J. (14 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://listverse.com/2013/05/14/10-most-famous-unfinished-buildings/">"10 Most Famous Unfinished Buildings"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=10+Most+Famous+Unfinished+Buildings&rft.date=2013-05-14&rft.aulast=Alba&rft.aufirst=M.J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flistverse.com%2F2013%2F05%2F14%2F10-most-famous-unfinished-buildings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westminstercathedral.org.uk/history_dedication.php">"Dedication of the Cathedral – Westminster Cathedral"</a>. <i>www.westminstercathedral.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.westminstercathedral.org.uk&rft.atitle=Dedication+of+the+Cathedral+%E2%80%93+Westminster+Cathedral&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminstercathedral.org.uk%2Fhistory_dedication.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12197985">"Ex-Anglican bishops ordained as Catholics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 15 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ex-Anglican+bishops+ordained+as+Catholics&rft.date=2011-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-12197985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2023/01/catholic-church-changes-roe-v-wade-pope-francis/672235/">"The Reinvention of the Catholic Church"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>. 11 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Reinvention+of+the+Catholic+Church&rft.date=2022-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farchive%2F2023%2F01%2Fcatholic-church-changes-roe-v-wade-pope-francis%2F672235%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winefride de L'Hôpital, <i>Westminster Cathedral and its Architect</i>, vol. 1, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBS-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBS_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://britishbricksoc.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/BBS_110_2009_Jul_.pdf">"Data"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. britishbricksoc.co.uk. 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Data&rft.pub=britishbricksoc.co.uk&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbritishbricksoc.co.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2013%2F10%2FBBS_110_2009_Jul_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooksey2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Cooksey, Pamela (4 October 2007). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-95696">"Weld, Jane Charlotte [known as Baroness Weld] (1806–1871), convert to Roman Catholicism and benefactor"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F95696">10.1093/ref:odnb/95696</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861412-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861412-8"><bdi>978-0-19-861412-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Weld%2C+Jane+Charlotte+%5Bknown+as+Baroness+Weld%5D+%281806%E2%80%931871%29%2C+convert+to+Roman+Catholicism+and+benefactor&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007-10-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F95696&rft.isbn=978-0-19-861412-8&rft.aulast=Cooksey&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-95696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trial-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-trial_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trial_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trial_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2004" class="citation web cs1">Rogers, Patrick (July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170530235721/http://www.westminstercathedral.org.uk/tour_mosaics.php">"Cathedral Mosaics: Part I – Trial and Error"</a>. <i>Oremus</i>. Westminster Cathedral. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westminstercathedral.org.uk/tour_mosaics.php">the original</a> on 30 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oremus&rft.atitle=Cathedral+Mosaics%3A+Part+I+%E2%80%93+Trial+and+Error&rft.date=2004-07&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminstercathedral.org.uk%2Ftour_mosaics.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2004" class="citation journal cs1">Rogers, Patrick (July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170530235721/http://www.westminstercathedral.org.uk/tour_mosaics.php">"Cathedral Mosaics: Part III – The Arts and Crafts Men"</a>. <i>Oremus</i>. Westminster Cathedral. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westminstercathedral.org.uk/tour_mosaics.php">the original</a> on 30 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oremus&rft.atitle=Cathedral+Mosaics%3A+Part+III+%E2%80%93+The+Arts+and+Crafts+Men&rft.date=2004-07&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminstercathedral.org.uk%2Ftour_mosaics.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2004" class="citation web cs1">Rogers, Patrick (July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170530235721/http://www.westminstercathedral.org.uk/tour_mosaics.php">"Cathedral Mosaics: Part V – A Russian Perspective"</a>. <i>Oremus</i>. Westminster Cathedral. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westminstercathedral.org.uk/tour_mosaics.php">the original</a> on 30 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oremus&rft.atitle=Cathedral+Mosaics%3A+Part+V+%E2%80%93+A+Russian+Perspective&rft.date=2004-07&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminstercathedral.org.uk%2Ftour_mosaics.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2004" class="citation web cs1">Rogers, Patrick (July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170530235721/http://www.westminstercathedral.org.uk/tour_mosaics.php">"Cathedral Mosaics: Part VI – The Journey proceeds"</a>. <i>Oremus</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oremus&rft.atitle=Cathedral+Mosaics%3A+Part+VI+%E2%80%93+The+Journey+proceeds&rft.date=2004-07&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminstercathedral.org.uk%2Ftour_mosaics.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://westminstercathedral.org.uk/music/the-grand-organ/">"Westminster Cathedral - The Grand Organ"</a>. westminstercathedral.org.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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An Illustrated History</i>, London, 2012, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150922071434/http://archive.thetablet.co.uk/article/13th-june-1903/7/-gerontius-at-the-westminster-cathedral">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Gerontius" At The Westminster Cathedral"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.thetablet.co.uk/article/13th-june-1903/7/-gerontius-at-the-westminster-cathedral">the original</a> on 22 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%22Gerontius%22+At+The+Westminster+Cathedral&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.thetablet.co.uk%2Farticle%2F13th-june-1903%2F7%2F-gerontius-at-the-westminster-cathedral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>, article in: <i>The Tablet</i>, 13 June 1903, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catholicactionuk.blogspot.com/2007/05/allah-to-be-glorified-in-westminster.html">"Allah to be glorified in Westminster Cathedral"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Action" title="Catholic Action">Catholic Action</a> UK. 20 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Allah+to+be+glorified+in+Westminster+Cathedral&rft.date=2007-06-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatholicactionuk.blogspot.com%2F2007%2F05%2Fallah-to-be-glorified-in-westminster.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Westminster Cathedral 1895–1995. A souvenir brochure compiled by Mgr George Stack, Cathedral Administrator</i>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan Mould, <i>The English Chorister. A History</i>, London, 2007, p. 221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrick Rogers, <i>Westminster Cathedral. An Illustrated History</i>, London, 2012, p.38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rcdow.org.uk/cardinal/news/cardinals-response-to-strategic-review-of-sacred-music/">"Cardinal's Response to Strategic Review of Sacred Music"</a>. <i>rcdow.org.uk</i>. 25 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rcdow.org.uk&rft.atitle=Cardinal%27s+Response+to+Strategic+Review+of+Sacred+Music&rft.date=2020-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frcdow.org.uk%2Fcardinal%2Fnews%2Fcardinals-response-to-strategic-review-of-sacred-music%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rev. Lancelot Long, <i>A "Song School" Jubilee</i>. Article in <i>The Tablet</i>, 2 October 1926.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Doyle, <i>Westminster Cathedral 1895–1995</i>, London, 1995, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Tablet</i>, 6 February 1954, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhinegold.co.uk/choir_organ/westminster-cathedral-appoint-simon-johnson-as-master-of-music/">"Westminster Cathedral Appoints Simon Johnson as Master of Music -"</a>. <i>Rhinegold</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rhinegold&rft.atitle=Westminster+Cathedral+Appoints+Simon+Johnson+as+Master+of+Music+-&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhinegold.co.uk%2Fchoir_organ%2Fwestminster-cathedral-appoint-simon-johnson-as-master-of-music%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westminstercathedral.org.uk/downloads/November17Website.pdf">"Oremus, Nov. 2017"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oremus%2C+Nov.+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminstercathedral.org.uk%2Fdownloads%2FNovember17Website.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://westminstercathedral.org.uk/oremus.php">"Oremus – The Cathedral Magazine"</a>. <i>Westminster Cathedral</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Westminster+Cathedral&rft.atitle=Oremus+%E2%80%93+The+Cathedral+Magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwestminstercathedral.org.uk%2Foremus.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://westminstercathedral.org.uk/oremus_behind.php">"Behind the Scenes of Oremus"</a>. <i>Westminster Cathedral</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Westminster+Cathedral&rft.atitle=Behind+the+Scenes+of+Oremus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwestminstercathedral.org.uk%2Foremus_behind.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestminster+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Cathedral&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>This article incorporates text (concerning architecture) from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Westminster Cathedral". <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. Robert Appleton Company.</li> <li>Winefride de L'Hôpital. <i>Westminster Cathedral and Its Architect</i>, 2 vols. Dodd, Mead & Co., New York (1919).</li> <li>Patrick Rogers. <i>Westminster Cathedral: from Darkness to Light</i>. Burns & Continuum International Publishing Group, London (2003). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86012-358-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-86012-358-8">0-86012-358-8</a>.</li> <li>Peter Doyle. <i>Westminster Cathedral: 1895–1995</i>. Geoffrey Chapman Publishers, London (1995). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-225-66684-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-225-66684-7">978-0-225-66684-7</a>.</li> <li>John Browne and Timothy Dean. <i>Westminster Cathedral: Building of Faith</i>. Booth-Clibborn Editions, London (1995). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-873968-45-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-873968-45-0">1-873968-45-0</a>.</li> <li>John Jenkins and Alana Harris, 'More English than the English, more Roman than Rome? Historical signifiers and cultural memory at Westminster Cathedral', <i>Religion</i> 49:1 (2019), pp. 48–73 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2018.1515328">https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2018.1515328</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Cathedral&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Diocese_of_Westminster" title="Template:Diocese of Westminster"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Diocese_of_Westminster" title="Template talk:Diocese of Westminster"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Diocese_of_Westminster" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Diocese of Westminster"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diocese_of_Westminster" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Westminster" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Westminster">Diocese of Westminster</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div>Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Westminster</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Westminster" title="Archbishop of Westminster">Archbishops of Westminster</a></dt></dl> <ul><li>I: <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Wiseman" title="Nicholas Wiseman">Nicholas Wiseman</a></li> <li>II: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Edward_Manning" title="Henry Edward Manning">Henry Manning</a></li> <li>III: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Vaughan" title="Herbert Vaughan">Herbert Vaughan</a></li> <li>IV: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bourne" title="Francis Bourne">Francis Bourne</a></li> <li>V: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hinsley" title="Arthur Hinsley">Arthur Hinsley</a></li> <li>VI: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Griffin" title="Bernard Griffin">Bernard Griffin</a></li> <li>VII: <a href="/wiki/William_Godfrey" title="William Godfrey">William Godfrey</a></li> <li>VIII: <a href="/wiki/John_Heenan_(cardinal)" title="John Heenan (cardinal)">John Heenan</a></li> <li>IX: <a href="/wiki/Basil_Hume" title="Basil Hume">Basil Hume</a></li> <li>X: <a href="/wiki/Cormac_Murphy-O%27Connor" title="Cormac Murphy-O'Connor">Cormac Murphy-O'Connor</a></li> <li>XI: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Nichols" title="Vincent Nichols">Vincent Nichols</a> <br /></li> <li>Auxiliary bishops in Westminster:<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Weathers" title="William Weathers">William Weathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Laird_Patterson" title="James Laird Patterson">James Laird Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Butler_(bishop)" title="Christopher Butler (bishop)">Christopher Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Guazzelli" title="Victor Guazzelli">Victor Guazzelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_James_Benedict_Harvey" title="Philip James Benedict Harvey">Philip James Benedict Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Joseph_O%27Brien" title="James Joseph O'Brien">James Joseph O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherrington" title="John Sherrington">John Sherrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Hudson_(bishop)" title="Nicholas Hudson (bishop)">Nicholas Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McAleenan" title="Paul McAleenan">Paul McAleenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Curry_(bishop)" title="Jim Curry (bishop)">James Curry</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Coat_of_arms_of_the_Archdiocese_of_Westminster.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Diocese of Westminster"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Diocese of Westminster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/New_Coat_of_arms_of_the_Archdiocese_of_Westminster.svg/75px-New_Coat_of_arms_of_the_Archdiocese_of_Westminster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/New_Coat_of_arms_of_the_Archdiocese_of_Westminster.svg/113px-New_Coat_of_arms_of_the_Archdiocese_of_Westminster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/New_Coat_of_arms_of_the_Archdiocese_of_Westminster.svg/150px-New_Coat_of_arms_of_the_Archdiocese_of_Westminster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="721" data-file-height="1533" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Churches</dt></dl> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Westminster Cathedral</a> – Metropolitan Cathedral of the Precious Blood of Our Lord Jesus Christ</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_Church,_Acton" title="Our Lady of Lourdes Church, Acton">Our Lady of Lourdes, Acton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary_of_the_Angels,_Bayswater" title="St Mary of the Angels, Bayswater">St Mary of the Angels, Bayswater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Casimir%27s_Lithuanian_Church" title="St Casimir's Lithuanian Church">St Casimir, Bethnal Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Name_and_Our_Lady_of_the_Sacred_Heart,_Bow" title="Church of the Holy Name and Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, Bow">Holy Name and Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_and_St_Catherine_of_Siena,_Bow" title="Church of Our Lady and St Catherine of Siena, Bow">Our Lady and St Catherine of Siena, Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John_the_Evangelist_Church,_Brentford" title="St John the Evangelist Church, Brentford">St John the Evangelist, Brentford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brompton_Oratory" title="Brompton Oratory">Brompton Oratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity,_Brook_Green" title="Holy Trinity, Brook Green">Holy Trinity, Brook Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benson_Memorial_Church" title="Benson Memorial Church">St Richard of Chichester, Buntingford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s,_Cadogan_Street" title="St Mary's, Cadogan Street">St Mary, Cadogan Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Hal,_Camden_Town" title="Church of Our Lady of Hal, Camden Town">Our Lady of Hal, Camden Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Priory_Church" title="St Dominic's Priory Church">Our Lady of the Rosary and St Dominic, Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Dolours,_Chelsea" title="Our Lady of Dolours, Chelsea">Our Lady of Dolours, Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Most_Holy_Redeemer_and_St_Thomas_More,_Chelsea" title="Church of Our Most Holy Redeemer and St Thomas More, Chelsea">Our Most Holy Redeemer and St Thomas More, Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Grace_%26_St_Edward,_Chiswick" title="Church of Our Lady of Grace & St Edward, Chiswick">Our Lady of Grace and St Edward, Chiswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Italian_Church" title="St Peter's Italian Church">St Peter, Clerkenwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parafia_Ealing" title="Parafia Ealing">Parafia Ealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Etheldreda%27s_Church,_London" title="St Etheldreda's Church, London">St Etheldreda, Ely Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Immaculate_Conception,_Farm_Street" title="Church of the Immaculate Conception, Farm Street">Immaculate Conception, Farm Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Perpetual_Help_Catholic_Church,_London" title="Our Lady of Perpetual Help Catholic Church, London">Our Lady of Perpetual Help, Fulham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Thomas_of_Canterbury_Church,_Fulham" title="St Thomas of Canterbury Church, Fulham">St Thomas of Canterbury, Fulham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Edward_the_Confessor_Church,_Golders_Green" title="St Edward the Confessor Church, Golders Green">St Edward the Confessor, Golders Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrew_Bobola_Church,_Hammersmith" title="St Andrew Bobola Church, Hammersmith">St Andrew Bobola, Hammersmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Augustine%27s_Church,_Hammersmith" title="St Augustine's Church, Hammersmith">St Augustine, Hammersmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Theodore%27s_Roman_Catholic_Church,_Hampton" title="St Theodore's Roman Catholic Church, Hampton">St Theodore, Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Francis_de_Sales,_Hampton_Hill_and_Upper_Teddington" title="St Francis de Sales, Hampton Hill and Upper Teddington">St Francis de Sales, Hampton Hill and Upper Teddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_and_St_Thomas_of_Canterbury,_Harrow" title="Our Lady and St Thomas of Canterbury, Harrow">Our Lady and St Thomas of Canterbury, Harrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_Queen_of_Apostles_Church,_Heston" title="Our Lady Queen of Apostles Church, Heston">Our Lady Queen of Apostles, Heston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Joseph%27s_Church,_Highgate" title="St Joseph's Church, Highgate">St Joseph, Highgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Monica%27s_Church,_Hoxton" title="St Monica's Church, Hoxton">St Monica, Hoxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John_the_Evangelist_Church,_Islington" title="St John the Evangelist Church, Islington">St John the Evangelist, Islington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel_and_St_Simon_Stock" title="Our Lady of Mount Carmel and St Simon Stock">Our Lady of Mount Carmel and St Simon Stock, Kensington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Victories,_Kensington" title="Our Lady of Victories, Kensington">Our Lady of Victories, Kensington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Church,_Kilburn" title="Sacred Heart Church, Kilburn">Sacred Heart, Kilburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Hugh_of_Lincoln,_Letchworth" title="Church of St Hugh of Lincoln, Letchworth">St Hugh of Lincoln, Letchworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Anselm_and_St_Cecilia" title="Church of St Anselm and St Cecilia">St Anselm and St Cecilia, Lincoln's Inn Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_Roman_Catholic_Church,_Maiden_Lane" class="mw-redirect" title="Corpus Christi Roman Catholic Church, Maiden Lane">Corpus Christi, Maiden Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian_Angels_Church,_Mile_End" title="The Guardian Angels Church, Mile End">Guardian Angels, Mile End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary_Moorfields" title="St Mary Moorfields">St Mary Moorfields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Immaculate_and_St_Peter,_New_Barnet" title="Mary Immaculate and St Peter, New Barnet">Mary Immaculate and St Peter, New Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_France" title="Notre Dame de France">Notre Dame de France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Francis_of_Assisi_Church,_Notting_Hill" title="St Francis of Assisi Church, Notting Hill">St Francis of Assisi, Notting Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Monica%27s_Church,_Palmers_Green" title="St Monica's Church, Palmers Green">St Monica, Palmer's Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Alban_and_St_Stephen%27s_Church,_St_Albans" title="St Alban and St Stephen's Church, St Albans">St Alban and St Stephen, St Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Church,_Soho_Square" title="St Patrick's Church, Soho Square">St Patrick, Soho Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Anselm%27s_Church,_Southall" title="St Anselm's Church, Southall">St Anselm, Southall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s,_Spanish_Place" title="St James's, Spanish Place">St James, Spanish Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Ignatius_Church,_Stamford_Hill" title="St Ignatius Church, Stamford Hill">St Ignatius, Stamford Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Mary_and_St_Michael,_Stepney" title="Church of St Mary and St Michael, Stepney">St Mary and St Michael, Stepney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Church,_Teddington" title="Sacred Heart Church, Teddington">Sacred Heart, Teddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Martyrs_Church,_Tower_Hill" title="English Martyrs Church, Tower Hill">English Martyrs, Tower Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_James,_Twickenham" title="Church of St James, Twickenham">St James, Twickenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Margaret_of_Scotland,_Twickenham" title="Church of St Margaret of Scotland, Twickenham">St Margaret of Scotland, Twickenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Rood_Church,_Watford" title="Holy Rood Church, Watford">Holy Rood, Watford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Joseph%27s_Church,_Wembley" title="St Joseph's Church, Wembley">St Joseph, Wembley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Catherine%27s_Church,_West_Drayton" title="St Catherine's Church, West Drayton">St Catherine, West Drayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary_Magdalen_Catholic_Church,_Whetstone" title="St Mary Magdalen Catholic Church, Whetstone">St Mary Magdalen, Whetstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Edmund_of_Canterbury,_Whitton" title="St Edmund of Canterbury, Whitton">St Edmund of Canterbury, Whitton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Willesden_Church" title="Our Lady of Willesden Church">Our Lady of Willesden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Patronal Feasts of the Diocese</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Saint Joseph</a> (March 19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a> (June 29)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Saint Edward the Confessor</a> (October 13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception">Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception</a> (8 December)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Schools</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_School,_Arnos_Grove" title="Our Lady of Lourdes School, Arnos Grove">Our Lady of Lourdes School, Arnos Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Primary_School,_Teddington" title="Sacred Heart Primary School, Teddington">Sacred Heart Primary School, Teddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints_Catholic_College,_North_Kensington" title="All Saints Catholic College, North Kensington">All Saints Catholic College, North Kensington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Edmund%27s_Roman_Catholic_Primary_School" title="St Edmund's Roman Catholic Primary School">St Edmund's Roman Catholic Primary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Challoner_Catholic_School" title="Bishop Challoner Catholic School">Bishop Challoner Catholic School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Douglass_Catholic_School" title="Bishop Douglass Catholic School">Bishop Douglass Catholic School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Pole_Catholic_School" title="Cardinal Pole Catholic School">Cardinal Pole Catholic School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Vaughan_Memorial_School" title="Cardinal Vaughan Memorial School">Cardinal Vaughan Memorial School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cardinal_Wiseman_Catholic_School,_Greenford" title="The Cardinal Wiseman Catholic School, Greenford">The Cardinal Wiseman Catholic School, Greenford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Douay_Martyrs_School" title="The Douay Martyrs School">The Douay Martyrs School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Augustine%27s_Priory,_Ealing" title="St Augustine's Priory, Ealing">St Augustine's Priory, Ealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Benedict%27s_School,_Ealing" title="St Benedict's School, Ealing">St Benedict's School, Ealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finchley_Catholic_High_School" title="Finchley Catholic High School">Finchley Catholic High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumley_House_Convent_School" title="Gumley House Convent School">Gumley House Convent School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnersbury_Boys%27_School" title="Gunnersbury Boys' School">Gunnersbury Boys' School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F_Kennedy_Catholic_School" title="John F Kennedy Catholic School">John F Kennedy Catholic School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Saint_John_Henry_Newman_Catholic_School,_Stevenage" title="The Saint John Henry Newman Catholic School, Stevenage">The John Henry Newman School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Sainte_Union_Catholic_School" title="La Sainte Union Catholic School">La Sainte Union Catholic School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Oratory_School" title="London Oratory School">London Oratory School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loreto_College,_St_Albans" title="Loreto College, St Albans">Loreto College, St Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Fidelis_Roman_Catholic_Convent_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Fidelis Roman Catholic Convent School">Maria Fidelis Roman Catholic Convent School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_House_School" title="Mount House School">Mount House School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newman_Catholic_College" title="Newman Catholic College">Newman Catholic College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Breakspear_School" title="Nicholas Breakspear School">Nicholas Breakspear School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady%27s_Catholic_High_School,_Stamford_Hill" title="Our Lady's Catholic High School, Stamford Hill">Our Lady's Catholic High School, Stamford Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_High_School,_Hammersmith" title="Sacred Heart High School, Hammersmith">Sacred Heart High School, Hammersmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Language_College" title="Sacred Heart Language College">Sacred Heart Language College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Anthony%27s_School,_Hampstead" title="St Anthony's School, Hampstead">St Anthony's School, Hampstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Aloysius%27_College,_Highgate" title="St Aloysius' College, Highgate">St Aloysius' College, Highgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Angela%27s_Ursuline_School" title="St Angela's Ursuline School">St Angela's Ursuline School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Anne%27s_Catholic_High_School" title="St Anne's Catholic High School">St Anne's Catholic High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Claudine%27s_Catholic_School_for_Girls" title="St Claudine's Catholic School for Girls">St Claudine's Catholic School for Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Sixth_Form_College" title="St Dominic's Sixth Form College">St Dominic's Sixth Form College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Catholic_School" title="St George's Catholic School">St George's Catholic School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Gregory%27s_Catholic_Science_College" title="St Gregory's Catholic Science College">St Gregory's Catholic Science College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Ignatius_College,_Enfield" title="St Ignatius College, Enfield">St Ignatius College, Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27_Catholic_High_School,_Colindale" title="St James' Catholic High School, Colindale">St James' Catholic High School, Colindale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Joan_of_Arc_Catholic_School,_Rickmansworth" title="St Joan of Arc Catholic School, Rickmansworth">St Joan of Arc Catholic School, Rickmansworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Catholic_School,_Bishop%27s_Stortford" title="St Mary's Catholic School, Bishop's Stortford">St Mary's Catholic School, Bishop's Stortford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mark%27s_Catholic_School,_Hounslow" title="St Mark's Catholic School, Hounslow">St Mark's Catholic School, Hounslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Catholic_Grammar_School" title="St Michael's Catholic Grammar School">St Michael's Catholic Grammar School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Catholic_High_School" title="St Michael's Catholic High School">St Michael's Catholic High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Columba%27s_College,_St_Albans" title="St Columba's College, St Albans">St Columba's College, St Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_College,_Sunbury-on-Thames" title="St Paul's College, Sunbury-on-Thames">St Paul's College, Sunbury-on-Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Richard_Reynolds_Catholic_College" title="St Richard Reynolds Catholic College">St Richard Reynolds Catholic College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatorian_College" title="Salvatorian College">Salvatorian College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Thomas_More_Language_College" title="St Thomas More Language College">St Thomas More Language College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Catherine%27s_School,_Twickenham" title="St Catherine's School, Twickenham">St Catherine's School, Twickenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Edmund%27s_College,_Ware" title="St Edmund's College, Ware">St Edmund's College, Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Cathedral_Choir_School" title="Westminster Cathedral Choir School">Westminster Cathedral Choir School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Thomas_More_Catholic_School,_Wood_Green" title="St Thomas More Catholic School, Wood Green">St Thomas More Catholic School, Wood Green</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>See also</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_University,_Twickenham" title="St Mary's University, Twickenham">St Mary's University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Hall_Seminary" title="Allen Hall Seminary">Allen Hall Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemptoris_Mater_House_of_Formation" title="Redemptoris Mater House of Formation">Redemptoris Mater House of Formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Assumption_and_St_Gregory" title="Church of Our Lady of the Assumption and St Gregory">Church of Our Lady of the Assumption and St Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_the_King,_Cockfosters" title="Christ the King, Cockfosters">Christ the King, Cockfosters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adorers_of_the_Sacred_Heart_of_Montmartre" class="mw-redirect" title="Adorers of the Sacred Heart of Montmartre">Adorers of the Sacred Heart of Montmartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealing_Abbey" title="Ealing Abbey">Ealing Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Oratory" title="London Oratory">London Oratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Errington_(bishop)" title="George Errington (bishop)">George Errington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Vicariate_of_the_London_District" title="Apostolic Vicariate of the London District">Apostolic Vicariate of the London District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster,_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/9px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/14px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/19px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="427" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:London" title="Portal:London">London portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Churches_in_the_City_of_Westminster" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Churches_in_Westminster" title="Template:Churches in Westminster"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Churches_in_Westminster" title="Template talk:Churches in Westminster"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Churches_in_Westminster" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Churches in Westminster"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Churches_in_the_City_of_Westminster" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_the_City_of_Westminster" title="List of churches in the City of Westminster">Churches in the City of Westminster</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient parish<br />churches<br />(pre-1800)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Anne%27s_Church,_Soho" title="St Anne's Church, Soho">St Anne, Soho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Clement_Danes" title="St Clement Danes">St Clement Danes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George%27s,_Hanover_Square" title="St George's, Hanover Square">St George, Hanover Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Church,_Piccadilly" title="St James's Church, Piccadilly">St James, Piccadilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Margaret%27s,_Westminster" title="St Margaret's, Westminster">St Margaret, Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Martin-in-the-Fields" title="St Martin-in-the-Fields">St Martin-in-the-Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Marylebone_Parish_Church" title="St Marylebone Parish Church">St Marylebone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary_le_Strand" title="St Mary le Strand">St Mary le Strand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s,_Covent_Garden" title="St Paul's, Covent Garden">St Paul, Covent Garden</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="deconsecrated" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal">deconsecrated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s,_Smith_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="St John's, Smith Square">St John the Evangelist, Smith Square</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anglican<br />daughter<br />churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints,_Margaret_Street" title="All Saints, Margaret Street">All Saints, Margaret Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Souls_Church,_Langham_Place" title="All Souls Church, Langham Place">All Souls, Langham Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Annunciation,_Marble_Arch" title="Church of the Annunciation, Marble Arch">Annunciation, Marble Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_Chapel" title="Grosvenor Chapel">Grosvenor Chapel, Mayfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guards_Chapel,_Wellington_Barracks" class="mw-redirect" title="Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks">Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Church,_South_Kensington" title="Holy Trinity Church, South Kensington">Holy Trinity, South Kensington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Augustine%27s,_Kilburn" title="St Augustine's, Kilburn">St Augustine, Kilburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Cyprian%27s,_Clarence_Gate" title="St Cyprian's, Clarence Gate">St Cyprian, Clarence Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Gabriel%27s_Church,_Pimlico" title="St Gabriel's Church, Pimlico">St Gabriel, Pimlico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Church,_Paddington" title="St James's Church, Paddington">St James, Paddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James_the_Less,_Pimlico" title="St James the Less, Pimlico">St James the Less, Pimlico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Wood_Church" title="St John's Wood Church">St John's Wood Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mark%27s,_Hamilton_Terrace" title="St Mark's, Hamilton Terrace">St Mark, Hamilton Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s,_Bourne_Street" title="St Mary's, Bourne Street">St Mary, Bourne Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s,_Bryanston_Square" title="St Mary's, Bryanston Square">St Mary, Bryanston Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary_on_Paddington_Green_Church" title="St Mary on Paddington Green Church">St Mary, Paddington Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary_Magdalene,_Paddington" title="St Mary Magdalene, Paddington">St Mary Magdalene, Paddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Matthew%27s,_Bayswater" title="St Matthew's, Bayswater">St Matthew, Bayswater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Matthew%27s_Church,_Westminster" title="St Matthew's Church, Westminster">St Matthew, Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Church,_Knightsbridge" title="St Paul's Church, Knightsbridge">St Paul, Knightsbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Eaton_Square" title="St Peter's Church, Eaton Square">St Peter, Eaton Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Saviour%27s,_Pimlico" title="St Saviour's, Pimlico">St Saviour, Pimlico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Stephen%27s_Church,_Rochester_Row" title="St Stephen's Church, Rochester Row">St Stephen, Rochester Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Stephen%27s_Church,_Westbourne_Park" title="St Stephen's Church, Westbourne Park">St Stephen, Westbourne Park</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="deconsecrated" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal">deconsecrated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Marylebone" title="Christ Church, Marylebone">Christ Church, Marylebone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Church,_Marylebone" title="Holy Trinity Church, Marylebone">Holy Trinity, Marylebone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter,_Vere_Street" title="St Peter, Vere Street">St Peter, Vere Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mark%27s,_Mayfair" title="St Mark's, Mayfair">St Mark's, Mayfair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Royal Peculiars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_Chapel" title="Henry VII Chapel">Henry VII Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Chapel" title="Queen's Chapel">Queen's Chapel, St James's Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Chapel" title="Savoy Chapel">Savoy Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary_Undercroft" title="St Mary Undercroft">St Mary Undercroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Catholic<br />churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Roman" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Westminster Cathedral</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_Roman_Catholic_Church,_Maiden_Lane" class="mw-redirect" title="Corpus Christi Roman Catholic Church, Maiden Lane">Corpus Christi, Maiden Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Immaculate_Conception,_Farm_Street" title="Church of the Immaculate Conception, Farm Street">Immaculate Conception, Farm Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_France" title="Notre Dame de France">Notre Dame de France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Assumption_and_St_Gregory" title="Church of Our Lady of the Assumption and St Gregory">Our Lady of the Assumption and St Gregory, Warwick Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Charles_Borromeo_Church,_Westminster" title="St Charles Borromeo Church, Westminster">St Charles Borromeo, Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s,_Spanish_Place" title="St James's, Spanish Place">St James, Spanish Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary_of_the_Angels,_Bayswater" title="St Mary of the Angels, Bayswater">St Mary of the Angels, Bayswater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Church,_Soho_Square" title="St Patrick's Church, Soho Square">St Patrick, Soho Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukrainian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Family_in_Exile" title="Ukrainian Catholic Cathedral of the Holy Family in Exile">Cathedral of the Holy Family in Exile, Mayfair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other<br />denominations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Court_Church" title="Crown Court Church">Crown Court Church, Covent Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormition_Cathedral,_London" title="Dormition Cathedral, London">Dormition Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emmanuel_Evangelical_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emmanuel Evangelical Church (page does not exist)">Emmanuel Evangelical Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enon_Chapel" title="Enon Chapel">Enon Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Protestant_Church_of_London" title="French Protestant Church of London">French Protestant Church, Soho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinde_Street_Methodist_Church" title="Hinde Street Methodist Church">Hinde Street Methodist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_Hall" title="Regent Hall">Regent Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Wood_Road_Baptist_Church" title="St John's Wood Road Baptist Church">St John's Wood Road Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral,_London" title="Saint Sophia Cathedral, London">St Sophia's Cathedral, Bayswater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_churches_in_London#Swedish_Church" title="Nordic churches in London">Ulrika Eleonora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Church_of_Central_London" title="Welsh Church of Central London">Welsh Church of Central London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_London_Methodist_Mission" title="West London Methodist Mission">West London Methodist Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Street_Chapel" title="West Street Chapel">West Street Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Central_Hall,_Westminster" title="Methodist Central Hall, Westminster">Methodist Central Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Chapel" title="Westminster Chapel">Westminster Chapel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">see also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fitzrovia_Chapel" title="Fitzrovia Chapel">Fitzrovia Chapel</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cathedrals_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_the_United_Kingdom_and_Ireland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cathedrals_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_the_United_Kingdom_and_Ireland" title="Template:Cathedrals of the Catholic Church in the United Kingdom and Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cathedrals_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_the_United_Kingdom_and_Ireland" title="Template talk:Cathedrals of the Catholic Church in the United Kingdom and Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cathedrals_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_the_United_Kingdom_and_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cathedrals of the Catholic Church in the United Kingdom and Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cathedrals_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_the_United_Kingdom_and_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">Cathedrals</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Catholic Church in the United Kingdom">Catholic Church in the United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Ireland" title="Catholic Church in Ireland">Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Catholic Church in England and Wales">England<br />and<br />Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:13em">Province of Westminster</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brentwood_Cathedral" title="Brentwood Cathedral">Brentwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral,_Norwich" title="St John the Baptist Cathedral, Norwich">Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_Cathedral" title="Northampton Cathedral">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Cathedral" title="Nottingham Cathedral">Nottingham</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Westminster</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:13em">Province of Birmingham</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/St_Chad%27s_Cathedral,_Birmingham" title="St Chad's Cathedral, Birmingham">Birmingham</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Cathedral" title="Clifton Cathedral">Clifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrewsbury_Cathedral" title="Shrewsbury Cathedral">Shrewsbury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:13em">Province of Liverpool</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_Cathedral" title="Lancaster Cathedral">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Cathedral" title="Leeds Cathedral">Leeds</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral" title="Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral">Liverpool</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesbrough_Cathedral" title="Middlesbrough Cathedral">Middlesbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle-upon-Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salford_Cathedral" title="Salford Cathedral">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Church_of_St_Marie,_Sheffield" title="Cathedral Church of St Marie, Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:13em">Province of Southwark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arundel_Cathedral" title="Arundel Cathedral">Arundel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Cathedral" title="Plymouth Cathedral">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St_John_the_Evangelist,_Portsmouth" title="Cathedral of St John the Evangelist, Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Cathedral,_Southwark" title="St George's Cathedral, Southwark">Southwark</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:13em">Province of Cardiff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Metropolitan_Cathedral" title="Cardiff Metropolitan Cathedral">Cardiff</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Joseph%27s_Cathedral,_Swansea" title="St Joseph's Cathedral, Swansea">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrexham_Cathedral" title="Wrexham Cathedral">Wrexham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church#Equivalents_of_diocesan_bishops_in_law" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Other dioceses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St_Michael_and_St_George,_Aldershot" title="Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Aldershot">Bishopric of the Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Cathedral_of_St_Alphonsa,_Preston" title="Syro-Malabar Cathedral of St Alphonsa, Preston">Syro-Malabar Eparchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Family_in_Exile" title="Ukrainian Catholic Cathedral of the Holy Family in Exile">Ukrainian Eparchy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ArmaghRCCathedral.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Armagh Cathedral"><img alt="Armagh Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/ArmaghRCCathedral.JPG/100px-ArmaghRCCathedral.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/ArmaghRCCathedral.JPG/150px-ArmaghRCCathedral.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/ArmaghRCCathedral.JPG/200px-ArmaghRCCathedral.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3440" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Scotland" title="Catholic Church in Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:13em">Province of<br />St Andrews & Edinburgh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Aberdeen" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayr_Cathedral" title="Ayr Cathedral">Ayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Cathedral,_Dundee" title="St Andrew's Cathedral, Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Edinburgh_(Roman_Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (Roman Catholic)">Edinburgh</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Columba%27s_Cathedral" title="St Columba's Cathedral">Oban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:13em">Province of Glasgow</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Cathedral,_Glasgow" title="St Andrew's Cathedral, Glasgow">Glasgow</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motherwell_Cathedral" title="Motherwell Cathedral">Motherwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mirin%27s_Cathedral" title="St Mirin's Cathedral">Paisley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Ireland" title="Catholic Church in Ireland">Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:13em">Province of Armagh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Cathedral,_Armagh_(Roman_Catholic)" title="St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh (Roman Catholic)">Armagh</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Cathedral,_Belfast" title="St Peter's Cathedral, Belfast">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavan_Cathedral" title="Cavan Cathedral">Cavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Eugene%27s_Cathedral" title="St Eugene's Cathedral">Derry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St_Eunan_and_St_Columba" title="Cathedral of St Eunan and St Columba">Letterkenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mel%27s_cathedral,_Longford" class="mw-redirect" title="St Mel's cathedral, Longford">Longford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Macartan%27s_Cathedral,_Monaghan" title="St Macartan's Cathedral, Monaghan">Monaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Christ_the_King,_Mullingar" title="Cathedral of Christ the King, Mullingar">Mullingar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newry_Cathedral" title="Newry Cathedral">Newry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:13em">Province of Cashel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Colman%27s_Cathedral,_Cobh" title="St Colman's Cathedral, Cobh">Cobh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St_Mary_and_St_Anne" title="Cathedral of St Mary and St Anne">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennis_Cathedral" title="Ennis Cathedral">Ennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Killarney" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney">Killarney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Cathedral_(Limerick)" title="St John's Cathedral (Limerick)">Limerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skibbereen_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Skibbereen Cathedral">Skibbereen</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Assumption,_Thurles" title="Cathedral of the Assumption, Thurles">Thurles</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Most_Holy_Trinity,_Waterford" title="Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity, Waterford">Waterford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:13em">Province of Dublin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Assumption_of_Blessed_Virgin_Mary,_Carlow" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of the Assumption of Blessed Virgin Mary, Carlow">Carlow</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Pro-Cathedral" title="St Mary's Pro-Cathedral">Dublin</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Aidan%27s_Cathedral" title="St. Aidan's Cathedral">Enniscorthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Kilkenny" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Cathedral, Kilkenny">Kilkenny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:13em">Province of Tuam</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_and_St_Nathy,_Ballaghaderreen" title="Cathedral of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St Nathy, Ballaghaderreen">Ballaghaderreen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Muredach%27s_Cathedral,_Ballina" title="St Muredach's Cathedral, Ballina">Ballina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_Assumed_into_Heaven_and_St_Nicholas,_Galway" title="Cathedral of Our Lady Assumed into Heaven and St Nicholas, Galway">Galway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Brendan%27s_Cathedral,_Loughrea" title="St Brendan's Cathedral, Loughrea">Loughrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Immaculate_Conception,_Sligo" title="Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Sligo">Sligo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Assumption_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary,_Tuam" title="Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Tuam">Tuam</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <dl><dd>Provincial <a href="/wiki/Mother_church" title="Mother church">mother churches</a> are shown in <b>bold</b></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Lists of cathedrals in</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Ireland" title="List of cathedrals in Ireland">Ireland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_England" title="List of cathedrals in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Wales" title="List of cathedrals in Wales">Wales</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Scotland" title="List of cathedrals in Scotland">Scotland</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="London_landmarks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:London_landmarks" title="Template:London landmarks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:London_landmarks" title="Template talk:London landmarks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:London_landmarks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:London landmarks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="London_landmarks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> landmarks</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_London" title="Category:Buildings and structures in London">Buildings and<br />structures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Bridges_in_London" title="Category:Bridges in London">Bridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bridge,_London" title="Albert Bridge, London">Albert Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_Bridge" title="Battersea Bridge">Battersea Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_Bridge" title="Blackfriars Bridge">Blackfriars Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Bridge" title="Chelsea Bridge">Chelsea Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Bridge" title="Hammersmith Bridge">Hammersmith Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungerford_Bridge_and_Golden_Jubilee_Bridges" title="Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges">Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Bridge" title="Lambeth Bridge">Lambeth Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Bridge" title="London Bridge">London Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Bridge,_London" title="Millennium Bridge, London">Millennium Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putney_Bridge" title="Putney Bridge">Putney Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Bridge,_London" title="Richmond Bridge, London">Richmond Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwark_Bridge" title="Southwark Bridge">Southwark Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Bridge" title="Tower Bridge">Tower Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Bridge" title="Vauxhall Bridge">Vauxhall Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Bridge" title="Waterloo Bridge">Waterloo Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Bridge" title="Westminster Bridge">Westminster Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Entertainment_venues_in_London" title="Category:Entertainment venues in London">Entertainment<br />venues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Cinemas_in_London" title="Category:Cinemas in London">Cinemas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BFI_IMAX" title="BFI IMAX">BFI IMAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire,_Leicester_Square" title="Empire, Leicester Square">Empire, Leicester Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odeon_Luxe_Leicester_Square" title="Odeon Luxe Leicester Square">Odeon Luxe Leicester Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Football stadia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wembley_Stadium" title="Wembley Stadium">Wembley Stadium</a> (national stadium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brentford_Community_Stadium" title="Brentford Community Stadium">Brentford Community Stadium</a> (Brentford)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisbane_Road" title="Brisbane Road">Brisbane Road</a> (Leyton Orient)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craven_Cottage" title="Craven Cottage">Craven Cottage</a> (Fulham)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Den" title="The Den">The Den</a> (Millwall)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Stadium" title="Emirates Stadium">Emirates Stadium</a> (Arsenal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loftus_Road" title="Loftus Road">Loftus Road</a> (Queens Park Rangers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Stadium" title="London Stadium">London Stadium</a> (West Ham United)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plough_Lane" title="Plough Lane">Plough Lane</a> (AFC Wimbledon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selhurst_Park" title="Selhurst Park">Selhurst Park</a> (Crystal Palace)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamford_Bridge_(stadium)" title="Stamford Bridge (stadium)">Stamford Bridge</a> (Chelsea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Valley_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Valley (London)">The Valley</a> (Charlton Athletic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur_Stadium" title="Tottenham Hotspur Stadium">Tottenham Hotspur Stadium</a> (Tottenham Hotspur)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sports_venues_in_London" title="Category:Sports venues in London">Other major<br />sports venues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_England_Lawn_Tennis_and_Croquet_Club" title="All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club">All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Championship_Course" title="The Championship Course">The Championship Course</a> (rowing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_National_Sports_Centre" title="Crystal Palace National Sports Centre">Crystal Palace National Sports Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s" title="Lord's">Lord's</a> (cricket)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Olympic_Park" title="Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park">Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oval" title="The Oval">The Oval</a> (cricket)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twickenham_Stadium" title="Twickenham Stadium">Twickenham Stadium</a> (rugby)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Theatres_in_London" title="Template:Theatres in London">Theatres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelphi_Theatre" title="Adelphi Theatre">Adelphi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Victoria_Theatre" title="Apollo Victoria Theatre">Apollo Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Coliseum" title="London Coliseum">Coliseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criterion_Theatre" title="Criterion Theatre">Criterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_Theatre" title="Dominion Theatre">Dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_Theatre,_London" title="Lyceum Theatre, London">Lyceum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Vic" title="The Old Vic">Old Vic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Palladium" title="London Palladium">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">Royal National Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Opera House">Royal Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Globe" title="Shakespeare's Globe">Shakespeare's Globe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Royal,_Drury_Lane" title="Theatre Royal, Drury Lane">Theatre Royal, Drury Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Royal_Haymarket" title="Theatre Royal Haymarket">Theatre Royal Haymarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaudeville_Theatre" title="Vaudeville Theatre">Vaudeville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Palace" title="Alexandra Palace">Alexandra Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brixton_Academy" title="Brixton Academy">Brixton Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExCeL_London" title="ExCeL London">ExCeL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Apollo" title="Hammersmith Apollo">Hammersmith Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_O2_Arena" title="The O2 Arena">The O2 Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Festival_Hall" title="Royal Festival Hall">Royal Festival Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wembley_Arena" title="Wembley Arena">Wembley Arena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_Downing_Street" title="10 Downing Street">10 Downing Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Arch" title="Admiralty Arch">Admiralty Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_London_(Southwark)" title="City Hall, London (Southwark)">City Hall (Southwark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_London_(Newham)" title="City Hall, London (Newham)">City Hall (Newham)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_London" title="County Hall, London">County Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildhall,_London" title="Guildhall, London">Guildhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_Guards_(building)" title="Horse Guards (building)">Horse Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansion_House,_London" title="Mansion House, London">Mansion House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bailey" title="Old Bailey">Old Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Courts_of_Justice" title="Royal Courts of Justice">Royal Courts of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_Yard" title="Scotland Yard">Scotland Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIS_Building" title="SIS Building">SIS Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_House" title="Thames House">Thames House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_in_London" title="Category:Museums in London">Museums</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Art_museums_and_galleries_in_London" title="Category:Art museums and galleries in London">galleries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_War_Rooms" title="Churchill War Rooms">Churchill War Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtauld_Gallery" title="Courtauld Gallery">Courtauld Gallery</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cutty_Sark" title="Cutty Sark">Cutty Sark</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Hinde_(1973)" title="Golden Hinde (1973)"><i>Golden Hinde</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildhall_Art_Gallery" title="Guildhall Art Gallery">Guildhall Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Belfast" title="HMS Belfast">HMS <i>Belfast</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Tussauds" title="Madame Tussauds">Madame Tussauds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_London" title="Museum of London">Museum of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Maritime_Museum" title="National Maritime Museum">National Maritime Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Arts" title="Royal Academy of Arts">Royal Academy of Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Observatory,_Greenwich" title="Royal Observatory, Greenwich">Royal Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Britain" title="Tate Britain">Tate Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Collection" title="Wallace Collection">Wallace Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_V%26A" title="Young V&A">Young V&A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_buildings_and_structures_in_London" title="Category:Religious buildings and structures in London">Places of worship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Hallows-by-the-Tower" title="All Hallows-by-the-Tower">All Hallows-by-the-Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAPS_Shri_Swaminarayan_Mandir_London" title="BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir London">BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevis_Marks_Synagogue" title="Bevis Marks Synagogue">Bevis Marks Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Central_Hall,_Westminster" title="Methodist Central Hall, Westminster">Methodist Central Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Central_Mosque" title="London Central Mosque">Regent's Park Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Clement_Danes" title="St Clement Danes">St Clement Danes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Margaret%27s,_Westminster" title="St Margaret's, Westminster">St Margaret's, Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Martin-in-the-Fields" title="St Martin-in-the-Fields">St Martin-in-the-Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary-le-Bow" title="St Mary-le-Bow">St Mary-le-Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwark_Cathedral" title="Southwark Cathedral">Southwark Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Westminster Cathedral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Retailing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Shops_in_London" title="Category:Shops in London">Shops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortnum_%26_Mason" title="Fortnum & Mason">Fortnum & Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamleys" title="Hamleys">Hamleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrods" title="Harrods">Harrods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Nichols" title="Harvey Nichols">Harvey Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatchards" title="Hatchards">Hatchards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_(department_store)" title="Liberty (department store)">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jones_(department_store)" title="Peter Jones (department store)">Peter Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfridges,_Oxford_Street" title="Selfridges, Oxford Street">Selfridges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Shopping_centres_in_London" title="Category:Shopping centres in London">Shopping centres</a><br />and markets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_Market" title="Borough Market">Borough Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Cross_Shopping_Centre" title="Brent Cross Shopping Centre">Brent Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington_Arcade" title="Burlington Arcade">Burlington Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden_Market" title="Camden Market">Camden Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Arcade" title="Kensington Arcade">Kensington Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadenhall_Market" title="Leadenhall Market">Leadenhall Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_New_Change" title="One New Change">One New Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petticoat_Lane_Market" title="Petticoat Lane Market">Petticoat Lane Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Exchange,_London" title="Royal Exchange, London">Royal Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_London" title="Westfield London">Westfield London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Stratford_City" title="Westfield Stratford City">Westfield Stratford City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Royal_buildings_in_London" title="Category:Royal buildings in London">Royal buildings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Partly occupied by<br />the royal family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_House" title="Clarence House">Clarence House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Palace" title="Kensington Palace">Kensington Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Palace" title="St James's Palace">St James's Palace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Unoccupied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banqueting_House,_Whitehall" class="mw-redirect" title="Banqueting House, Whitehall">Banqueting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace" title="Hampton Court Palace">Hampton Court Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Palace" title="Kew Palace">Kew Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Gallery">The Queen's Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Mews" title="Royal Mews">Royal Mews, Buckingham Palace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Skyscrapers_in_London" title="Category:Skyscrapers in London">Skyscrapers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Canada_Square" title="One Canada Square">One Canada Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Churchill_Place" title="One Churchill Place">One Churchill Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_Canada_Square" title="8 Canada Square">8 Canada Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_Fenchurch_Street" title="20 Fenchurch Street">20 Fenchurch Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/122_Leadenhall_Street" title="122 Leadenhall Street">122 Leadenhall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadgate_Tower" title="Broadgate Tower">Broadgate Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citigroup_Centre_(London)" title="Citigroup Centre (London)">Citigroup Centre (London)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gherkin" title="The Gherkin">The Gherkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heron_Tower" title="Heron Tower">Heron Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shard" title="The Shard">The Shard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George_Wharf_Tower" title="St George Wharf Tower">St George Wharf Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_42" title="Tower 42">Tower 42</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Memorial" title="Albert Memorial">Albert Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArcelorMittal_Orbit" title="ArcelorMittal Orbit">ArcelorMittal Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Big Ben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cenotaph" title="The Cenotaph">The Cenotaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra%27s_Needle,_London" title="Cleopatra's Needle, London">Cleopatra's Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_transmitting_station" title="Crystal Palace transmitting station">Crystal Palace transmitting station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Eye" title="London Eye">London Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Wall" title="London Wall">London Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Arch" title="Marble Arch">Marble Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Great_Fire_of_London" title="Monument to the Great Fire of London">Monument to the Great Fire of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson%27s_Column" title="Nelson's Column">Nelson's Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury_Memorial_Fountain" title="Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain">Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain ("Eros")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_Barrier" title="Thames Barrier">Thames Barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Arch" title="Wellington Arch">Wellington Arch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_City_Airport" title="London City Airport">City Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">Heathrow Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_station" title="Blackfriars station">Blackfriars station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_Street_station" title="Cannon Street station">Cannon Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_railway_station" title="Charing Cross railway station">Charing Cross station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clapham_Junction_railway_station" title="Clapham Junction railway station">Clapham Junction station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euston_railway_station" title="Euston railway station">Euston station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenchurch_Street_railway_station" title="Fenchurch Street railway station">Fenchurch Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_King%27s_Cross_railway_station" title="London King's Cross railway station">King's Cross station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Street_station" title="Liverpool Street station">Liverpool Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Bridge_station" title="London Bridge station">London Bridge station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Paddington_station" title="London Paddington station">Paddington station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Pancras_railway_station" title="St Pancras railway station">St Pancras station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_station" title="Stratford station">Stratford station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Victoria_station" title="London Victoria station">Victoria station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Waterloo_station" title="London Waterloo station">Waterloo station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Cable_Car" class="mw-redirect" title="London Cable Car">London Cable Car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Coach_Station" title="Victoria Coach Station">Victoria Coach Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbican_Estate" title="Barbican Estate">Barbican Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_Power_Station" title="Battersea Power Station">Battersea Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Tower" title="BT Tower">BT Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Kew Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Palace" title="Lambeth Palace">Lambeth Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_building" title="Lloyd's building">Lloyd's building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Zoo" title="London Zoo">London Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxo_Tower" title="Oxo Tower">Oxo Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithfield_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithfield Market">Smithfield Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_House" title="Somerset House">Somerset House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Bartholomew%27s_Hospital" title="St Bartholomew's Hospital">St Bartholomew's Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_London" title="Parks and open spaces in London">Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Parks_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Parks of London">Royal Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushy_Park" title="Bushy Park">Bushy Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Park" title="Green Park">Green Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Park" title="Greenwich Park">Greenwich Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Park" title="Hampton Court Park">Hampton Court Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London" title="Hyde Park, London">Hyde Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Gardens" title="Kensington Gardens">Kensington Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_Park" title="Regent's Park">Regent's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Park" title="Richmond Park">Richmond Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Park" title="St James's Park">St James's Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_Park" title="Battersea Park">Battersea Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgess_Park" title="Burgess Park">Burgess Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clapham_Common" title="Clapham Common">Clapham Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Green,_London" title="College Green, London">College Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epping_Forest" title="Epping Forest">Epping Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finsbury_Park" title="Finsbury Park">Finsbury Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnersbury_Park" title="Gunnersbury Park">Gunnersbury Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampstead_Heath" title="Hampstead Heath">Hampstead Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_Park" title="Holland Park">Holland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Kew Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitcham_Common" title="Mitcham Common">Mitcham Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osterley_Park" title="Osterley Park">Osterley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Park" title="Trent Park">Trent Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Park,_London" title="Victoria Park, London">Victoria Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandsworth_Common" title="Wandsworth Common">Wandsworth Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_Common" title="Wimbledon Common">Wimbledon Common</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Squares_in_London" title="Squares in London">Squares</a> and<br />public spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Covent_Garden" title="Covent Garden">Covent Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_Guards_Parade" title="Horse Guards Parade">Horse Guards Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester_Square" title="Leicester Square">Leicester Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_Square" title="Parliament Square">Parliament Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccadilly_Circus" title="Piccadilly Circus">Piccadilly Circus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloane_Square" title="Sloane Square">Sloane Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Streets_in_London" title="Category:Streets in London">Streets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldwych" title="Aldwych">Aldwych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Street" title="Baker Street">Baker Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopsgate" title="Bishopsgate">Bishopsgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_Street" title="Bond Street">Bond Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnaby_Street" title="Carnaby Street">Carnaby Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_Road" title="Charing Cross Road">Charing Cross Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheapside" title="Cheapside">Cheapside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornhill,_London" title="Cornhill, London">Cornhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_Street" title="Denmark Street">Denmark Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenchurch_Street" title="Fenchurch Street">Fenchurch Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Street" title="Fleet Street">Fleet Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket,_London" title="Haymarket, London">Haymarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jermyn_Street" title="Jermyn Street">Jermyn Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_High_Street" title="Kensington High Street">Kensington High Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Road" title="King's Road">King's Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_Street,_London" title="Lombard Street, London">Lombard Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mall,_London" title="The Mall, London">The Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtle_Avenue,_Hounslow" title="Myrtle Avenue, Hounslow">Myrtle Avenue, Hounslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Street" title="Oxford Street">Oxford Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Lane" title="Park Lane">Park Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccadilly" title="Piccadilly">Piccadilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portobello_Road" title="Portobello Road">Portobello Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_Street" title="Regent Street">Regent Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury_Avenue" title="Shaftesbury Avenue">Shaftesbury Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloane_Street" title="Sloane Street">Sloane Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strand,_London" title="Strand, London">Strand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tottenham_Court_Road" title="Tottenham Court Road">Tottenham Court 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/159217517">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4385860-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82001196">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Westminster Cathedral"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2013750971&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007331404105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/20009406">Structurae</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/c4c0f145-a089-4d88-a227-6496be275f53">MusicBrainz place</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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