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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Вуруд</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Саҳмгузориҳо</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Баҳси пиромуни вироишҳо аз ин нишонаи IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Баҳс</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Муҳтавоҳо" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Муҳтавоҳо</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Ибтидо</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-НИЗОМҲОИ_ҶУСТУҶӮӢ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#НИЗОМҲОИ_ҶУСТУҶӮӢ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span><b>НИЗОМҲОИ ҶУСТУҶӮӢ</b></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-НИЗОМҲОИ_ҶУСТУҶӮӢ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle <b>НИЗОМҲОИ ҶУСТУҶӮӢ</b> subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-НИЗОМҲОИ_ҶУСТУҶӮӢ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Таърих" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Таърих"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span><b>Таърих</b></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Таърих-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тарзи_кори_низоми_ҷустуҷӯӣ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тарзи_кори_низоми_ҷустуҷӯӣ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span><b>Тарзи кори низоми ҷустуҷӯӣ</b></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тарзи_кори_низоми_ҷустуҷӯӣ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Саҳм_дар_бозори_ҷаҳонии_НҶ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Саҳм_дар_бозори_ҷаҳонии_НҶ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span><b>Саҳм дар бозори ҷаҳонии НҶ</b></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Саҳм_дар_бозори_ҷаҳонии_НҶ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Муҳтавоҳо" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Низомҳои ҷустуҷӯӣ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 забон</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%8D" title="Интернет-лъыхъулъэ – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Интернет-лъыхъулъэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB_(%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8)" title="محرك بحث (ويب) – арабӣ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محرك بحث (ويب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="موطور د التقلاب – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="موطور د التقلاب" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axtar%C4%B1%C5%9F_sistemi" title="Axtarış sistemi – озарбойҷонӣ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Axtarış sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="озарбойҷонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пошукавая сістэма – белорусӣ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пошукавая сістэма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пошукавая сыстэма – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пошукавая сыстэма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="वेब सर्च इंजन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="वेब सर्च इंजन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masin_panggagai_web" title="Masin panggagai web – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Masin panggagai web" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="ওয়েব অনুসন্ধান ইঞ্জিন – бинғолӣ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওয়েব অনুসন্ধান ইঞ্জিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бинғолӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetski_pretra%C5%BEiva%C4%8D" title="Internetski pretraživač – босниягӣ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Internetski pretraživač" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босниягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_de_cerca_web" title="Motor de cerca web – каталонӣ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Motor de cerca web" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DB%95%DA%95%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8E%D8%A8" title="بزوێنەری گەڕانی وێب – курдии марказӣ" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بزوێنەری گەڕانی وێب" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="курдии марказӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webov%C3%BD_vyhled%C3%A1va%C4%8D" title="Webový vyhledávač – чехӣ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Webový vyhledávač" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чехӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine" title="Search engine – Англисӣ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Search engine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Англисӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_de_b%C3%BAsqueda" title="Motor de búsqueda – испанӣ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Motor de búsqueda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otsingumootor" title="Otsingumootor – эстонӣ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Otsingumootor" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_bilaketa_motore" title="Web bilaketa motore – баскӣ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Web bilaketa motore" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A8" title="موتور جستجوی وب – форсӣ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موتور جستجوی وب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="форсӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakukone" title="Hakukone – финӣ" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hakukone" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moteur_de_recherche_web" title="Moteur de recherche web – франсузӣ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Moteur de recherche web" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франсузӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inneall_cuardaigh" title="Inneall cuardaigh – ирландӣ" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Inneall cuardaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A9_(%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%98)" title="מנוע חיפוש (אינטרנט) – ибронӣ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנוע חיפוש (אינטרנט)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ибронӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="वेब खोजी इंजन – ҳиндӣ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वेब खोजी इंजन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ҳиндӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetska_tra%C5%BEilica" title="Internetska tražilica – хорватӣ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Internetska tražilica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keres%C5%91rendszer_(informatika)" title="Keresőrendszer (informatika) – маҷорӣ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Keresőrendszer (informatika)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="маҷорӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Որոնողական համակարգ – арманӣ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Որոնողական համակարգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesin_pencari" title="Mesin pencari – индонезӣ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mesin pencari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leitarv%C3%A9l" title="Leitarvél – исландӣ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Leitarvél" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%9C%E7%B4%A2%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3" title="検索エンジン – японӣ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="検索エンジン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸರ್ಚ್ ಎಂಜಿನ್ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸರ್ಚ್ ಎಂಜಿನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%B9_%EA%B2%80%EC%83%89_%EC%97%94%EC%A7%84" title="웹 검색 엔진 – кореягӣ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="웹 검색 엔진" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="кореягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machina_quaesitoria" title="Machina quaesitoria – лотинӣ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Machina quaesitoria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="лотинӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetin%C4%97s_paie%C5%A1kos_sistema" title="Internetinės paieškos sistema – литвонӣ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Internetinės paieškos sistema" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литвонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Кычалше системе – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кычалше системе" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masin_paruntun_web" title="Masin paruntun web – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Masin paruntun web" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="शोधयंत्र – маратҳӣ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शोधयंत्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратҳӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enjin_gelintar_web" title="Enjin gelintar web – малайӣ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Enjin gelintar web" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%98%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%96%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ဝဘ်ရှာဖွေရေးစက်စနစ် – бирманӣ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝဘ်ရှာဖွေရေးစက်စနစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="वेब खोज संयन्त्र – непалӣ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वेब खोज संयन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesin_Wangalui" title="Mesin Wangalui – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Mesin Wangalui" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webs%C3%B8kemotor" title="Websøkemotor – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Websøkemotor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyszukiwarka_internetowa" title="Wyszukiwarka internetowa – лаҳистонӣ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wyszukiwarka internetowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="лаҳистонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mask%27ay_kuyuchina" title="Mask'ay kuyuchina – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mask'ay kuyuchina" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Поисковая система – русӣ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поисковая система" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8_%DA%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DA%BB" title="ويب ڳولا انجڻ – синдӣ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ويب ڳولا انجڻ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veb-pretra%C5%BEiva%C4%8D" title="Veb-pretraživač – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Veb-pretraživač" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansmassu_n_usiggl" title="Ansmassu n usiggl – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ansmassu n usiggl" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB" title="වෙබ් සෙවුම් යන්ත්‍ර – сингалӣ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වෙබ් සෙවුම් යන්ත්‍ර" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine" title="Search engine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Search engine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_engine" title="Web search engine – словакӣ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Web search engine" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словакӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spletni_iskalnik" title="Spletni iskalnik – словенӣ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Spletni iskalnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Веб-претраживач – сербӣ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Веб-претраживач" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF" title="வலை தேடு பொறி – тамилӣ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வலை தேடு பொறி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="శోధన యంత్రాలు – телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="శోధన యంత్రాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arama_motoru" title="Arama motoru – туркӣ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arama motoru" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="туркӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пошукова система – украинӣ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пошукова система" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86" title="سرچ انجن – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سرچ انجن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veb_qidiruv_tizimi" title="Veb qidiruv tizimi – ӯзбекӣ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Veb qidiruv tizimi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ӯзбекӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_truy_t%C3%ACm_d%E1%BB%AF_li%E1%BB%87u" title="Máy truy tìm dữ liệu – ветнамӣ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Máy truy tìm dữ liệu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ветнамӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%93_%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B3%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%8D" title="ⴰⵏⵙⵎⴰⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵏⵙⵎⴰⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" 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class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="НИЗОМҲОИ_ҶУСТУҶӮӢ"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.98.D0.97.D0.9E.D0.9C.D2.B2.D0.9E.D0.98_.D2.B6.D0.A3.D0.A1.D0.A2.D0.A3.D2.B6.D3.AE.D3.A2"></span><b>НИЗОМҲОИ ҶУСТУҶӮӢ</b></h1><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D2%B7%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D2%B7%D3%AF%D3%A3&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Вироиши қисмат: НИЗОМҲОИ ҶУСТУҶӮӢ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D2%B7%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D2%B7%D3%AF%D3%A3&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: НИЗОМҲОИ ҶУСТУҶӮӢ"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Низоми web-ҷустуҷӯ – ин системаи барномавие, ки барои ҷустуҷӯи маълумот дар шабакаи ҷаҳонӣ (World Wide Web, WWW) сохта шудааст. Натиҷаҳои ҷустуҷӯ умуман ба намуди рӯйхат пешниҳод мешаванд, ки саҳифаи натиҷаҳои ҷустуҷӯ (Search Engine Results Pages, SERP) ном доранд. Маълумотҳо метавонанд бо web-саҳифаҳо, тасвирҳо ва дигар намуди файлҳо омехта бошанд. Баъзе низомҳои ҷустуҷӯи, ҳамчунин маълумотҳои дар базаи маълумотҳо ё дар ҷузгирҳои кушода, мавҷуд бударо гирифта медиҳанд. Баръакси web-ҷузгирҳое, ки танҳо аз ҷониби муҳаррирон таъмин мегарданд. Низомҳои ҷустуҷӯи ҳамчунин маълумотҳои воқеиро бо воситаи алгоритмҳо ва web crawler-ҳо таъмин менамоянд. Барои ҷустуҷӯи маълумот бо ёрии низоми ҷустуҷӯи истифодабаранда дархости ҷустуҷӯиро таҳия мекунад. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Таърих"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.8A.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.85"></span><b>Таърих</b></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D2%B7%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D2%B7%D3%AF%D3%A3&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Вироиши қисмат: Таърих" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D2%B7%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D2%B7%D3%AF%D3%A3&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Таърих"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Низомҳои web-ҷустуҷӯи пеш аз ибтидои шабакаи глобалӣ декабри соли 1990 мавҷуд буданд. Низоми ҷустуҷӯии истифодабаранда “Who is” соли 1982 ва низоми ҷустуҷӯии мулти-шабакавии истифодабаранда “Knowbot Information Service” соли 1989 аввалин маротиба амалӣ гашта буданд. Санаи 10 сентябри соли 1990 низоми ҷустуҷӯии “Archie” ба кор сар дода шуд, ки файлҳои дар FTP (File Transfer Protocol) серверҳо мавҷуд бударо ҷустуҷӯ мекард. </p><p>Индексатсияи шабакаи глобалӣ (WWW) то сентябри соли 1993 умуман бо тарзи дастӣ иҷро карда мешуд. Дар он замон рӯйхати web-серверҳо буд, ки аз ҷониби Тим Бёрнерс-Лӣ (Tim Berners-Lee) таҳрир шуда буд ва дар web-серверҳои CERN баргузор гашта буданд. Як тасвири рӯйхати таърихи соли 1992 монда аст, лекин рӯз аз рӯз бисёртар web-серверҳои нав дар шабака пайваст мешуданд, ки рӯйхатро саривақт таҳрир додан мушкил буд. Дар сомонаи NCSA серверҳои нав, зери сарлавҳаи “What’s New!”, оғоз мешуданд. </p><p>Аввалин ассбобе, ки барои ҷустуҷӯи маълумот дар Интернет сохта шуда буд, ин “<b>Archie</b>” мебошад. Чунин ном аз калимаи “archive” бе ҳарфи “v”, ки маънои бойгонӣ дорад, гирифта шудааст. Низоми мазкур аз ҷониби Алан Имтейҷ (Alan Emtage), Билл Ҳилан (Bill Heelan) ва Ҷ. Питер Дутш (J. Peter Deutsch), донишҷӯёни ихтисоси илмҳои компютерӣ (Computer Science) – и донишгоҳи McGill дар шаҳри Монреал (McGill University in Montreal), сохта шудааст. Барномаи мазкур рӯйхати файлҳои дар FTP сомонаҳои анонимӣ мавҷуд бударо дар базаи маълумотҳо сабт мекард, ки роҳи ҷустуҷӯ осон мегашт. Низоми ҷустуҷӯии Archie маълумотҳои он сомонаҳоро индексатсия намекард, аз баски ҳаҷми маълумотҳо хеле маҳдуд буданд, ки онҳоро бо тарзи дастӣ дарёфт намудан осон буд. </p><p>Аз ҳисоби боло равии <b>Gopher</b> (соли 1991 аз ҷониби Марк МакКаҳилл (Mark McCahill дар донишкадаи Минесотта сохта шудааст) ду низоми ҷустуҷӯии нав, <b>Veronica</b> ва <b>Jughead</b> пайдо шуданд. Монанди Archie, онҳо номи файлҳо ва сарлавҳаҳое, ки дар низоми индексии Gopher нигоҳ дошта мешуданд ҷустуҷӯ мекарданд. Veronica (Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-wide Index to Computerized Archives) ҷустуҷӯи аксарият сарлавҳаҳои менюи дар ҳамаи рӯйхатҳои Gopher мавҷуд бударо, бо воситаи калимаҳои калидӣ таъмин мекард. Jughead асбобе буд, ки барои гирифтани маълумотҳо аз серверҳои махсуси Gopher истифода бурда мешуд. </p><p>Дар фасли тобистони соли 1993 низоми ҷустуҷӯи барои Web мавҷуд набуд, лекин якчанд каталогҳои махсус бо тарзи дастӣ таъмин карда мешуд. Оскар Нирстраз (Oscar Nierstrasz) дар донишгоҳи Женева якчанд Perl script – ҳоро навишта буд, ки онҳо саҳифаҳоро инъикос мекарданд ва ба формати стандартӣ аз нав менавиштанд. Ин ибтидои <b>W3Catalog</b>, ки аввалин низоми web-ҷустуҷӯ ба ҳисоб меравад. Низоми мазкур 2 сентябри соли 1993 сохта шудааст. </p><p>Моҳи июни соли 1993 аз ҷониби Меттю Грей (Matthew Gray) дар Донишкадаи Технологии Массачусеттс (MIT), аввалин web-робот сохта шуда буд, ки дар асоси Perl World Wide Web Wanderer асос дошта, барои генератсияи индексе, ки “Wandex” ном дошт истифода бурда мешуд. Мақсади асосии “Wanderer” инченкунии ҳачми WWW буд, ки то охири соли 1995 кори худро иҷро мекард. Дуюмин низоми web-ҷустуҷӯ “<b>Aliweb</b>” моҳи ноябри соли 1993 пайдо шуд. Aliweb web-роботро истифода намебурд, лекин аз хабари мавҷуд будани файлҳои индексӣ, ки дар формати муайян буданд, аз ҷониби маъмурияти web-сомонаҳо вобаста буд. </p><p>Web-браузери “<b>Mosaic</b>” аз ҷониби NCSA, аввалин браузер набуд, лекин аввалин зуд паҳн шуда буд. Моҳи ноябри соли 1993  Mosaic версияи 1.0 аз гурӯҳи браузерҳои мавҷуд буда ҷудо шуд, ки нишонҳо, хатчӯбҳо, интерфейси хубтар ва тасвирҳоро ба худ дохил мекард, ки истифодаи барномаро барои истифодабарандаи оддӣ осон мекард. </p><p><b>JumpStation</b> (моҳи декабри соли 1993 аз ҷониби Ҷонатан Флетчер (Jonathan Fletcher) сохта шудааст) web-роботро барои ёфтани web-саҳифаҳо ва сохтани индекси он истифода мебурд, web-формаро ҳамчун интерфейс барои барномаи қабулкунии дархост истифода мебурд. Ин якумин асбобе, ки барои ҷустуҷӯи маълумот дар шабакаи ҷаҳонӣ бо якҷоягии се функсияҳои асосӣ (crawling, indexing ва searching) истифода мебурд. Аз сабаби маҳдуд будани маълумотҳои дар платформаҳое, ки низоми мазкур кор мекард, индексатсия ва ҷустуҷӯ ҳам ба сарлавҳаҳои саҳифаҳо маҳдуд буд. </p><p>Яке аз аввалин низоми ҷустуҷӯии crawler-асос “<b>WebCrawler</b>” буд, ки соли 1994 пайдо шуд. Баръакси пешояндагонаш, низоми мазкур ба истифодабарандагон имконияти ҷустуҷӯи ҳар як калима дар ҳар як саҳифаро пешниҳод мекард. Аз ҳамин замон стандарти аксарият низомҳои ҷустуҷӯӣ гардид. Ҳамҷунин аввалин низоми васеъ паҳн шудатарин буд. Инчунин соли 1994, “<b>Lycos</b>” (дар донишкадаи Carnegie Mellon ибтидо ёфта буд) ба кор монда шуд ва ба кори тиҷоратии азим гашт. </p><p>Баъд аз аксарият низомҳои ҷустуҷӯи пайдо шуданд, ва барои машҳурият рақобат мебурданд. Дар қатори онҳо Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, ва AltaVista, буданд. Yahoo! Яке аз машҳуртарин роҳи ҷустуҷӯи саҳифаҳои шавқовар барои истифодабарандагон, ба ҳисоб мерафт, лекин функсияи ҷустуҷӯ дар web—узгир хеш кор мекард, бартар аз нусхаи матни пурраи web-саҳифаҳои. Истифодабарандагон имконият доштанд, ки web-ҷузгирро аз назар гузаронанд, бештар аз навиштани дархости калимаи калидӣ-асос. </p><p>Соли 1996 “<b>Netscape</b>” дар ҷустуҷӯи низоми ҷустуҷӯи буд, ки барои як низом шартномаи эксклюзивӣ пешниҳод намояд, ки низоми ҷустуҷӯии муайян гардида ҳамчун низоми ҷустуҷӯии web-браузери Netscape шавад. Дар он вақт шавқи хеле калон буд, ки Netscape ба ҷойи як низоми ҷустуҷӯи бо панҷ низомҳои ҷустуҷӯии калонтарин шартнома баст, ки арзиши шартнома, дар як сол, панҷ миллион доллари ИМА ($5 000 000) буд. Ҳар як низоми ҷустуҷӯи дар саҳифаи ҷустуҷӯии Netscape бо навбат ҷойгир карда мешуданд. Панҷ низомҳои ҷустуҷӯӣ инҳо буданд: Yahoo!, Magellan, Lycos, Infoseek, ва Excite буданд. </p><p><b>Google</b> идеяи фурӯхтани критерияҳои ҷустуҷӯиро соли 1998 аз ҷониби ширкати хурди <b>goto.com</b>  қабул кард. Чунин қадам дар бизнеси Низомҳои Ҷустуҷӯӣ (НҶ) таъсири калон расонид, ки аз мубориза то фоиданоктарин ширкат дар Интернет омада расид. </p><p>Низомҳои ҷустуҷӯи ҳамчун ситораҳои дурахшони Интернет инвеститсия буданд, ки охири солҳои 1990-ум пайдо шудаанд. Якчанд ширкатҳо ба бозори НҶ зуд ҷойгир шуданд, ки аз ибтидои пешниҳоди умумӣ даромади калон ба даст оварда буданд. Баъзе аз онҳо низоми ҷустуҷӯии умумии худро маҳкам карда, фақат бо нашрияҳои барои корхона сохта шударо мефурӯшанд, аз он ҷумла ширкати Northern Light. Бисёр ширкатҳои НҶ аз соли 1999 то соли 2001 дар қулла буданду, лекин аз байн рафтанд. </p><p>Тақрибан соли 2000-ум низоми ҷустуҷӯии Google, хеле машҳур шуд. Ширкати мазкур натиҷаҳои хубро аз ҳисоби инноватсияи <b>PageRank</b>, ки дар мақолаи “Анатомияи Низоми Ҷустуҷӯӣ”, ки аз ҷониби асосгузорони Google Сергей Брин (Sergey Brin) ва Ларри Пейҷ (Larry Page) навишта шуда буд, ба даст овард. Ин аргоритм дар асоси рақами тартиби ва PageRank-и дигар web-сомонаҳо ва web-саҳифаҳои монанд ва алоқаманд, ба web-саҳифаҳо баҳогузори мекунад, ки web-саҳифаҳои хубу дилхоҳ алоқамандӣ доранд. Инчунин, Google низоми ҷустуҷӯии худро бо интерфейси минималистӣ таъмин карда буд. Баръакси ин аксарияти рақобатпазирон низоми ҷустуҷӯии худро дар web-портал ҷойгир карданд. Ҳақиқатан, низоми ҷустуҷӯии Google машҳур шуд, ки ҳатто низомҳои фиребгарона, монанди Mystery Seeker, пайдо шуданд. </p><p>Дар соли 2000-ум, Yahoo! Хизматрасонии ҷустуҷӯии худро, дар асоси низоми ҷустуҷӯии Inktomi, пешниҳод мекард. Yahoo! соли 2002 Inktomi , ва соли 2003 Overture-ро (ки AlltheWeb ва AltaVista-ро дар даст дошт) ба даст овард. Yahoo! ба низоми ҷустуҷӯии Google то соли 2004-ум гузашт, вақте ки онҳо низоми ҷустуҷӯии худро дар асоси технологияҳои ба даст овардаашон ба кор сар доданд. </p><p><b>Microsoft</b> аввалин <b>MSN Search</b>-ро тирамоҳи соли 1998 бо истифодаи нитиҷаҳои ҷустуҷӯии Inktomi, ба кор сар дод. Дар ибтидои соли 1999 сомонаи мазкур, рӯйхатҳоро аз <b>Looksmart</b> ва бо натиҷаҳои Inktomi омехта карда, нишон доданро сар кард. Дар муддати кӯтоҳ дар соли 1999, MSN Search натиҷаҳои ҷустуҷӯии AltaVista –ро истифода мебурд. Дар соли 2004-ум Microsoft ба низоми ҷустуҷӯии худ гузаштанро сар кард, ки ин дар асоси web-crawler, бо номи <b>msnbot</b> буд. </p><p>Якуми июни соли 2009, Microsoft низоми ҷустуҷӯии худро бо номи <b>Bing</b> аз нав сар дод. Бисту нуҳуми июли соли 2009, Yahoo! ва Microsoft шартнома бастанд, ки Yahoo! Search дар асоси технологияи Microsoft Bing кор мекунад. </p><p>Дар ҷадвали 1 низомҳои ҷустуҷӯӣ, бо соли таъсис ёбӣ ва ҳолати ҷории онҳо оварда шудаанд. </p><p><b>Ҷадвали 1. Рӯйхати низомҳои ҷустуҷӯӣ</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Сол</b> </td> <td><b>Низом</b> </td> <td><b>Ҳолат ҷорӣ</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1993 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=W3Catalog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W3Catalog (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">W3Catalog</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aliweb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aliweb (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Aliweb</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=JumpStation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JumpStation (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">JumpStation</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=World-Wide_Web_Worm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World-Wide Web Worm (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">WWW Worm</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1994 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=WebCrawler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WebCrawler (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">WebCrawler</a> </td> <td>Фаъол, Aggregator </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Go.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Go.com (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Go.com</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол, redirects to Disney </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lycos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycos (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Lycos</a> </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infoseek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infoseek (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Infoseek</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6">1995 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=AltaVista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AltaVista (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">AltaVista</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол, redirected to Yahoo! </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daum_Communications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daum Communications (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Daum</a> </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magellan_(search_engine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magellan (search engine) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Magellan</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Excite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Excite (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Excite</a> </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=SAPO_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SAPO (company) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">SAPO</a> </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a> </td> <td>Фаъол, Launched as a directory </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1996 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogpile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dogpile (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Dogpile</a> </td> <td>Фаъол, Aggregator </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inktomi_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inktomi (company) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Inktomi</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол, acquired by Yahoo! </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=HotBot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HotBot (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">HotBot</a> </td> <td>Фаъол (lycos.com) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ask.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ask.com (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ask Jeeves</a> </td> <td>Фаъол (rebranded ask.com) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1997 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Light_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Light Group (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Northern Light</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yandex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yandex (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Yandex</a> </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1998 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Google_Search&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Google Search (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Google</a> </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ixquick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ixquick (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ixquick</a> </td> <td>Фаъол also as Startpage </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=MSN_Search&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MSN Search (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">MSN Search</a> </td> <td>Фаъол, ҳамчун Bing </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empas (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">empas</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол (merged with NATE) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">1999 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=AlltheWeb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AlltheWeb (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">AlltheWeb</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол (URL redirected to Yahoo!) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=GenieKnows&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GenieKnows (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">GenieKnows</a> </td> <td>Фаъол, rebranded Yellowee.com </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naver (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Naver</a> </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoma (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Teoma</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол, redirects to Ask.com </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vivisimo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vivisimo (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Vivisimo</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">2000 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baidu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baidu (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Baidu</a> </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exalead&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exalead (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Exalead</a> </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigablast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gigablast (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Gigablast</a> </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kartoo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kartoo (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Kartoo</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2003 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Info.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Info.com (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Info.com</a> </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scroogle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scroogle (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Scroogle</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">2004 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yahoo!_Search&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yahoo! Search (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Yahoo! Search</a> </td> <td>Фаъол, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=A9.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A9.com (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">A9.com</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sogou.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sogou.com (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Sogou</a> </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2005 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=AOL_Search&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AOL Search (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">AOL Search</a> </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=GoodSearch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GoodSearch (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">GoodSearch</a> </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=SearchMe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SearchMe (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">SearchMe</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6">2006 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soso_(search_engine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soso (search engine) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Soso</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол, redirects to Sogou </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quaero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quaero (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Quaero</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Search.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Search.com (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Search.com</a> </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChaCha_(search_engine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChaCha (search engine) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">ChaCha</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ask.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ask.com (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ask.com</a> </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Live_Search&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Live Search (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Live Search</a> </td> <td>Фаъол, ҳамчун Bing, Launched as <p>rebranded MSN Search </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">2007 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiseek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikiseek (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">wikiseek</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sproose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sproose (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Sproose</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikia_Search&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikia Search (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Wikia Search</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackle.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blackle.com (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Blackle.com</a> </td> <td>Фаъол, Google Search </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7">2008 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Powerset_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Powerset (company) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Powerset</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол (redirects to Bing) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Picollator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Picollator (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Picollator</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viewzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viewzi (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Viewzi</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boogami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boogami (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Boogami</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=LeapFish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LeapFish (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">LeapFish</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forestle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forestle (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Forestle</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол (redirects to Ecosia) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuckDuckGo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DuckDuckGo (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">DuckDuckGo</a> </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">2009 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bing_(search_engine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bing (search engine) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Bing</a> </td> <td>Фаъол, Launched as rebranded Live Search </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yebol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yebol (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Yebol</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugurdy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mugurdy (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Mugurdy</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол due to a lack of funding </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goby_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goby Inc. (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Scout (Goby)</a> </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nate_(web_portal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nate (web portal) (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">NATE</a> </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">2010 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blekko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blekko (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Blekko</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол, sold to IBM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuil (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Cuil</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yandex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yandex (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Yandex</a> (English) </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=YaCy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YaCy (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">YaCy</a> </td> <td>Фаъол, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peer-to-peer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peer-to-peer (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">P2P</a> web search engine </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volunia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volunia (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Volunia</a> </td> <td>Ғайри фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">2013 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qwant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qwant (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Qwant</a> </td> <td>Фаъол </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coc_Coc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coc Coc (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Coc Coc</a> </td> <td>Фаъол, Vietnamese search engine </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egerin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egerin (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Egerin</a> </td> <td>Фаъол, Kurdish / Sorani search engine </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cliqz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cliqz (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Cliqz</a> </td> <td>Фаъол, Browser integrated search engine </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Дар ҷадвали овардашуда, 35 низоми ҷустуҷӯии фаъол ва 37 низоми ҷустуҷӯии ғайри фаъол оварда шудаанд, ки миқдорашон ба 72 расидааст. Мумкин аст, ки рӯйхати овардашуда рӯз аз рӯз, метавонад тағйир ёбад. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тарзи_кори_низоми_ҷустуҷӯӣ"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B7.D0.B8_.D0.BA.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8_.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B8_.D2.B7.D1.83.D1.81.D1.82.D1.83.D2.B7.D3.AF.D3.A3"></span><b>Тарзи кори низоми ҷустуҷӯӣ</b></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D2%B7%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D2%B7%D3%AF%D3%A3&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Вироиши қисмат: Тарзи кори низоми ҷустуҷӯӣ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D2%B7%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D2%B7%D3%AF%D3%A3&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Тарзи кори низоми ҷустуҷӯӣ"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Низоми ҷустуҷӯи протсессҳои дар поён оварда шударо, дар вақти воқеъӣ таъмин мекунад. </p><p>- сканиронӣ (crawling); </p><p>- индексиронӣ (indexing); </p><p>- ҷустуҷӯкунӣ (searching). </p><p>Низомҳои web-ҷустуҷӯӣ маълумотҳоро бо воситаи web-сканиронӣ аз сомона то сомона, ба даст меоранд. Пеш аз фиристодани маълумоти муайян, “Тортанак” барои файли стандартӣ бо ном robot.txt, ки барои ин омода шудааст, тафтиш мекунад, ки индексиронии маълумотҳо аз якчанд факторҳо иборат аст, чунин факторҳо инҳоянд: сарлавҳаи саҳифа, маълумоти саҳифа, JavaScript (JS), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), бобҳои стандартии HTML ё мета-маълумоти (metadata) дар HTMLтеги meta мавҷуд буда. </p><p>Индексиронӣ маънои онро дорад, ки калимаҳо ва дигар намуди маълумотҳо, ки дар web-саҳифаҳо мавҷуданд, ба номи домении сомона ва майдонҳои HTML-асос иттиҳод менамояд. Иттиҳодияҳо дар базаи маълумоти умумӣ сохта мешаванд, ки барои дархостҳои ҷустуҷӯи Интернетӣ, дастрас шаванд. Дархост, аз ҷониби истифодабаранда, метавонад аз як калима иборат бошад. Индекс барои зуд ёфтани маълумотҳои ба дархост дахл дошта ёри мерасонад. </p><p>Баъзе техникаҳои индексиронӣ ва кэширонӣ сирри тиҷоратӣ мебошанд, вале web-сканиронӣ протсесси оддӣ мебошад, ки ҳамаи сомонаҳоро дар асоси систематикӣ аз назар мегузаронад. </p><p>Дар байни аз назар гузаронии “Тортонак” версияи саҳифаи кэширонидашудае, ки дар хотираи кории низоми ҷустуҷӯӣ нигоҳ дошта мешавад, зуд ба дархостдиҳанда равона карда мешавад. Агар, аз назар гузаронӣ дер монад, низоми ҷустуҷӯӣ ҳамчун web-прокси фаъолият мебарад. Дар ин ҳолат саҳифа метавонад аз саҳифаи индексиронидашуда фарқ кунад. Дар саҳифаи кэширонидашуда, версияе нишон дода мешавад, ки калимаҳои он индексиронидашуда буданд. Вақте ки саҳифаи асли гум мешавад, версияи кэширонидашудаи саҳифа фоиданок меояд, лекин ин проблема формаи оддии <b>linkrot</b> шуморида мешавад. </p><p>Одатан, вақте ки  истифодабаранда дархостро ба низоми ҷустуҷӯӣ ворид мекунад, ин якчанд калимаи калидӣ мебошад. Индекс аллакай номи сомонаҳое, ки калимаҳои калидиро доранд, дар худ нигоҳ медорад ва онҳо аз индекс фавран дастрас мешаванд. Протсесси ҳақиқии сарборӣ ин генератсияи web-саҳифаҳое, ки рӯйхати натиҷаҳои ҷустуҷӯ мебошанд. Ҳар як саҳифа дар рӯйхати умумӣ, вобаста ба маълумоти индексҳо, бояд чен карда шаванд. Дар он вақт элементи натиҷаҳои ҷустуҷӯ, формаи ҷустуҷӯӣ, азнавсозӣ ва ҷойгиршавии фрагментҳое, ки зерматни калимаҳои калидиро нишон медиҳанд, дошта бошад. Он протсессҳо барои ҳар як саҳифаҳои натиҷаҳои ҷустуҷӯ такрор мешаванд. </p><p>Ба ғайр аз ҷустуҷӯи оддие, ки бо воситаи калимаи калидӣ иҷро мешавад, низомҳои ҷустуҷӯӣ GUI-и худро ё операторҳои коммандавӣ асос ва параметрҳои ҷустуҷӯие, ки барои аниқ кардани натиҷаҳои ҷустуҷӯ истифода бурда мешаванд, пешниҳод мекунанд. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Саҳм_дар_бозори_ҷаҳонии_НҶ"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B0.D2.B3.D0.BC_.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80_.D0.B1.D0.BE.D0.B7.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8_.D2.B7.D0.B0.D2.B3.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B8_.D0.9D.D2.B6"></span><b>Саҳм дар бозори ҷаҳонии НҶ</b></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D2%B7%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D2%B7%D3%AF%D3%A3&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Вироиши қисмат: Саҳм дар бозори ҷаҳонии НҶ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D2%B7%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D2%B7%D3%AF%D3%A3&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Саҳм дар бозори ҷаҳонии НҶ"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Google машҳуртарин низоми ҷустуҷӯӣ дар ҷаҳон ба ҳисоб меравад, ки саҳмияи бозориаш дар моҳи июни соли 2017 ба 91.86% расида аст. Дар ҷадвали 2 рӯйхати машҳуртарин НҶ дар ҷаҳон оварда шудаанд. </p><p><b>Ҷадвали 2. Рӯйхати машҳуртарин НҶ дар ҷаҳон</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>№</b> </td> <td><b>Низоми ҷустуҷӯи</b> </td> <td><b>Саҳм дар бозор, Июни соли 2017</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>Google </td> <td>91.86% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>Bing </td> <td>2.89% </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>Yahoo! </td> <td>2.18% </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>Baidu </td> <td>1.45% </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>Yandex </td> <td>0.75% </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>Дигарон </td> <td>0.87% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Чи хеле, ки дар ҷадвали 2 омори оварда шуда, низоми ҷустуҷӯии Google машҳуртарин дар ҷаҳон мебошад. Дар ҷадвали 3 рӯйхати машҳуртарин НҶ дар Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон (ҶТ) оварда шудааст. </p><p><b>Ҷадвали 3. Рӯйхати машҳуртарин НҶ дар ҶТ</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>№</b> </td> <td><b>Низоми ҷустуҷӯи</b> </td> <td><b>Саҳм дар бозор, Июни соли 2017</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>Google </td> <td>81.43% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>Yandex </td> <td>14.15% </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>Mail.ru </td> <td>2.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>Yahoo! </td> <td>0.71% </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>Baidu </td> <td>0.61% </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>Bing </td> <td>0.59% </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>Дигарон </td> <td>0.31% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Дар Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон ҷои якум низоми ҷустуҷӯии Google бо 81.43%, ҷои дуюм Yandex бо 14.15% ва ҷои сеюмро Mail.ru бо 2.2% саҳмияи бозор ишғол менамоянд. </p><p>По пайдоиши Интернет, одамон тарзи додугирифти нави маълумотҳоро пайдо карданд. Дар ибтидои соли 1990-ум шабакаи умумиҷаҳонӣ (WWW) пайдо шуда буд, ки имконияти гирифтани маълумотҳои ҳуҷҷатҳои дар байни худ алоқаманд ва дар компютерҳои гуногун ҷойгир ва ба Интернет пайваст бударо, пешниҳод мекард. Бо пайдоиши WWW, низомҳои ҷустуҷӯӣ пайдо шуданд, ки ҷустуҷӯи маълумотҳоро дар Интернет хеле осон мекарданд. </p><p>Дар ҷадвали 1-и ҳисоботи мазкур рӯйхати низомҳои ҷустуҷӯӣ овардашудаанд, ки аз онҳо 35 низоми ҷустуҷӯии фаъол ва 37 низоми ҷустуҷӯии ғайри фаъол, ки миқдорашон ба 72 расидааст. Мумкин аст, ки рӯйхати овардашуда рӯз аз рӯз, тавонад тағйир ёбад. </p><p>Чи хеле, ки дар қисми “Саҳм дар бозори Низомҳои ҷустуҷӯӣ”-и ҳисоботи мазкур оварда шудааст, низоми ҷустуҷӯии Google дар ҷаҳон бо 91.86% ва дар Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон бо 81.43%-и саҳми бозор, машҳуртарин низоми ҷустуҷӯӣ ба ҳисоб меравад. </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Баргирифта аз "<a dir="ltr" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Низомҳои_ҷустуҷӯӣ&oldid=1411984">https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Низомҳои_ҷустуҷӯӣ&oldid=1411984</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Вижа:Гурӯҳҳо">Гурӯҳҳо</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Интрнет (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Интрнет</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D2%B7%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D2%B7%D3%AF%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Низомҳои ҷустуҷӯӣ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Низомҳои ҷустуҷӯӣ</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ин саҳифаро бори охир дар 10 октябри 2024, 13:52 вироиш карда буданд.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Матн зери иҷозатномаи <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> дастрас мебошад, дигар иҷозатномаҳои иловагӣ низ ба кор бурда мешаванд. 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