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cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Търсене в Уикипедия" aria-label="Търсене в Уикипедия" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Специални:Търсене"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Търсене</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Лични инструменти"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Облик" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Облик</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg" class=""><span>Направете дарение</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class=""><span>Създаване на сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Влизане</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg"><span>Направете дарение</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Създаване на сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Влизане</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането"><span>научете повече</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Приноси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-История" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#История"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>История</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-История-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Географско_разпространение" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Географско_разпространение"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Географско разпространение</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Географско_разпространение-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Официален_статут" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Официален_статут"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Официален статут</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Официален_статут-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Официален статут</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Официален_статут-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Страни" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Страни"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Страни</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Страни-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Разновидности" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Разновидности"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Разновидности</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Разновидности-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Разновидности</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Разновидности-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Книжовен_немски_език" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Книжовен_немски_език"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Книжовен немски език</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Книжовен_немски_език-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Диалекти" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Диалекти"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Диалекти</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Диалекти-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Немски_език_и_долногермански_говори" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Немски_език_и_долногермански_говори"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Немски език и долногермански говори</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Немски_език_и_долногермански_говори-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Граматика" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Граматика"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Граматика</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Граматика-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Граматика</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Граматика-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Имена" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Имена"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Имена</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Имена-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Глаголи" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Глаголи"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Глаголи</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Глаголи-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Словоред" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Словоред"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Словоред</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Словоред-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Речник" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Речник"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Речник</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Речник-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Речник</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Речник-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Немски_и_български_думи_с_общ_индоевропейски_корен" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Немски_и_български_думи_с_общ_индоевропейски_корен"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Немски и български думи с общ индоевропейски корен</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Немски_и_български_думи_с_общ_индоевропейски_корен-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Думи,_възприети_в_българския_от_немския" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Думи,_възприети_в_българския_от_немския"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Думи, възприети в българския от немския</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Думи,_възприети_в_българския_от_немския-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Азбука" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Азбука"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Азбука</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Азбука-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Бележки" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Бележки"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Бележки</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Бележки-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Вижте_също" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Вижте_също"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Вижте също</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Вижте_също-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Външни_препратки" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Външни_препратки"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Външни препратки</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Външни_препратки-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Скриване/показване на съдържанието</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Немски език</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 265 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-265" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">265 езика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Агерман бызшәа – абхазки" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Агерман бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="абхазки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahsa_Jeureuman" title="Bahsa Jeureuman – ачешки" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bahsa Jeureuman" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ачешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Германыбзэ – адигейски" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Германыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="адигейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duits" title="Duits – африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Duits" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Sprache" title="Deutsche Sprache – швейцарски немски" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Deutsche Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарски немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%80%E1%88%AD%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%9B" title="ጀርመንኛ – амхарски" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጀርመንኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Избрана статия"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_alem%C3%A1n" title="Idioma alemán – арагонски" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma alemán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C4%93odsc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Þēodsc sprǣc – староанглийски" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Þēodsc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="староанглийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – ангика" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангика" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الألمانية – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الألمانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%93%DC%AA%DC%A1%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܓܪܡܢܝܐ – арамейски" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܓܪܡܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="арамейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لألمانية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لألمانية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="لغه المانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه المانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="জাৰ্মান ভাষা – асамски" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জাৰ্মান ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="асамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_alem%C3%A1n" title="Idioma alemán – астурски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma alemán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="Герман мацӀ – аварски" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Герман мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="аварски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – авади" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="авади" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliman_aru" title="Aliman aru – аймара" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Aliman aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="аймара" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman_dili" title="Alman dili – азербайджански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alman dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="آلمان دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلمان دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Немец теле – башкирски" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Немец теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jerman" title="Basa Jerman – балийски" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="балийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deitsche_Sproch" title="Deitsche Sproch – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Deitsche Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuok%C4%ABtiu_kalba" title="Vuokītiu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vuokītiu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Aleman" title="Tataramon na Aleman – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Aleman" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Избрана статия"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нямецкая мова – беларуски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нямецкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нямецкая мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нямецкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="জার্মান ভাষা – бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জার্মান ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="འཇར་མན་སྐད། – тибетски" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཇར་མན་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="тибетски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamaneg" title="Alamaneg – бретонски" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alamaneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Njemački jezik – босненски" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Njemački jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босненски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Jerman" title="Saro Jerman – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Jerman" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Герман хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Герман хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemany" title="Alemany – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alemany" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1ik-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Dáik-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dáik-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Девтойн мотт – чеченски" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Девтойн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чеченски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inaleman" title="Inaleman – себуански" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Inaleman" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%9B%E1%8F%A5_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎠᏂᏛᏥ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ – черокски" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏂᏛᏥ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="черокски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%27%C4%97ho%C3%A9seotse" title="Ma'ėhoéseotse – шайенски" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Ma'ėhoéseotse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="шайенски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%B5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زمانی ئەڵمانی – кюрдски (централен)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ئەڵمانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="кюрдски (централен)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tedesca" title="Lingua tedesca – корсикански" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua tedesca" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корсикански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman_tili" title="Alman tili – кримскотатарски" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Alman tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="кримскотатарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bm%C4%8Dina" title="Němčina – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Němčina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niemiecczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Niemiecczi jãzëk – кашубски" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Niemiecczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="кашубски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%A3%D0%BC%D1%8C%D1%87%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Нѣмьчьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – църковнославянски" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Нѣмьчьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="църковнославянски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Нимĕç чĕлхи – чувашки" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нимĕç чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaeneg" title="Almaeneg – уелски" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Almaeneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уелски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tysk_(sprog)" title="Tysk (sprog) – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tysk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaamani" title="Jaamani – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Jaamani" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Sprache" title="Deutsche Sprache – немски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Deutsche Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanki" title="Almanki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Almanki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nim%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Nimšćina – долнолужишки" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Nimšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="долнолужишки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%A9" title="އަލްމާނީ – дивехи" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އަލްމާނީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="дивехи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Γερμανική γλώσσα – гръцки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γερμανική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="гръцки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted%C3%A8sch" title="Tedèsch – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Tedèsch" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language" title="German language – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="German language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germana_lingvo" title="Germana lingvo – есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Germana lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_alem%C3%A1n" title="Idioma alemán – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma alemán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksa_keel" title="Saksa keel – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saksa keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleman" title="Aleman – баски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aleman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_alemana" title="Lengua alemana – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua alemana" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان آلمانی – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان آلمانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almankoore" title="Almankoore – фула" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Almankoore" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="фула" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksan_kieli" title="Saksan kieli – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saksan kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%27aksa_kiil" title="S'aksa kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="S'aksa kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BDskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Týskt mál – фарьорски" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Týskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарьорски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allemand" title="Allemand – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Allemand" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemand" title="Alemand – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Alemand" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tj%C3%BCsch" title="Tjüsch – северен фризийски" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tjüsch" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северен фризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_todescje" title="Lenghe todescje – фриулски" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe todescje" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фриулски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BAtsk" title="Dútsk – западнофризийски" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dútsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ghearm%C3%A1inis" title="An Ghearmáinis – ирландски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ghearmáinis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="德語 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="德語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anlman" title="Anlman – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Anlman" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gearmailtis" title="Gearmailtis – шотландски келтски" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gearmailtis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотландски келтски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_alem%C3%A1" title="Lingua alemá – галисийски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua alemá" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%86" title="آلماني زوؤن – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="آلماني زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Alemañañe'ẽ – гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Alemañañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman – горонтало" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Bahasa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="горонтало" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – готически" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="готически" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="જર્મન ભાષા – гуджарати" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જર્મન ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуджарати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaanish" title="Germaanish – манкски" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Germaanish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="манкски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language" title="German language – хауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="German language" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet-ng%C3%AE" title="Tet-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tet-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_Kelem%C4%81nia" title="ʻŌlelo Kelemānia – хавайски" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Kelemānia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="хавайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="גרמנית – иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרמנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_bhasa" title="German bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="German bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Njemački jezik – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Njemački jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bm%C4%8Dina" title="Němčina – горнолужишки" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Němčina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="горнолужишки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_alman" title="Lang alman – хаитянски креолски" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang alman" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="хаитянски креолски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9met_nyelv" title="Német nyelv – унгарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Német nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="унгарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Գերմաներեն – арменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերմաներեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Գերմաներէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գերմաներէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_german" title="Lingua german – интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua german" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Jereman" title="Jaku Jereman – ибан" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Jereman" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ибан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman – индонезийски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/German" title="German – оксидентал" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="German" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="оксидентал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Aleman" title="Pagsasao nga Aleman – илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Aleman" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Немций мотт – ингушетски" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Немций мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ингушетски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniana_linguo" title="Germaniana linguo – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Germaniana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%BDska" title="Þýska – исландски" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þýska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tedesca" title="Lingua tedesca – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua tedesca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E8%AA%9E" title="ドイツ語 – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドイツ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joerman" title="Joerman – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Joerman" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/dotybau" title="dotybau – ложбан" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="dotybau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jerman" title="Basa Jerman – явански" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="явански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="გერმანული ენა – грузински" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გერმანული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemis_tili" title="Nemis tili – каракалпашки" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Nemis tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="каракалпашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Talmant" title="Tutlayt Talmant – кабилски" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayt Talmant" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Джэрмэныбзэ – кабардски" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Джэрмэныбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="кабардски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caama_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Caama kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Caama kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidoitce" title="Kidoitce – конгоански" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kidoitce" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="конгоански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Неміс тілі – казахски" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Неміс тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="ភាសាអាល្លឺម៉ង់ – кхмерски" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាអាល្លឺម៉ង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмерски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಭಾಷೆ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC%EC%96%B4" title="독일어 – корейски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독일어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Немеч кыв – коми-пермякски" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Немеч кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="коми-пермякски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Немец тил – карачай-балкарски" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Немец тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="карачай-балкарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8E%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%86_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جَرمَن زَبان – кашмирски" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جَرمَن زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCtsche_Sprooch" title="Dütsche Sprooch – кьолнски" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Dütsche Sprooch" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="кьолнски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_alman%C3%AE" title="Zimanê almanî – кюрдски" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê almanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="кюрдски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Немеч кыв – коми" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Немеч кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="коми" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaynek" title="Almaynek – корнуолски" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Almaynek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнуолски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Немис тили – киргизки" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Немис тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Избрана статия"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Theodisca" title="Lingua Theodisca – латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Theodisca" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_almana" title="Lingua almana – ладино" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua almana" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладино" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A4itsch" title="Däitsch – люксембургски" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Däitsch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Немец маз – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Немец маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Немец чӀал – лезгински" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Немец чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="лезгински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutx_(lingua)" title="Deutx (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Deutx (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duits" title="Duits – лимбургски" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Duits" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_tedesca" title="Lengua tedesca – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua tedesca" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_tud%C3%ABsch" title="Lingaz tudësch – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz tudësch" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_todesca" title="Lengua todesca – ломбардски" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua todesca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ломбардски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lial%C3%A9mani" title="Lialémani – лингала" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lialémani" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ພາສາເຢຍລະມັນ – лаоски" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາເຢຍລະມັນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаоски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Избрана статия"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_kalba" title="Vokiečių kalba – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vokiečių kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuoc%C4%AB%C5%A1u_vol%C5%ABda" title="Vuocīšu volūda – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Vuocīšu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%81cu_valoda" title="Vācu valoda – латвийски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vācu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – майтхили" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="майтхили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jerman" title="Basa Jerman – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Basa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Дойчень кяль – мокша" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Дойчень кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокша" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_alem%C3%A0na" title="Fiteny alemàna – малгашки" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny alemàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малгашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%87_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Немыч йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Немыч йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Tiamana" title="Reo Tiamana – маорски" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Tiamana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="маорски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Jerman" title="Bahaso Jerman – минангкабау" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Jerman" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Германски јазик – македонски" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Германски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ജർമ്മൻ ഭാഷ – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജർമ്മൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Герман хэл – монголски" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Герман хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монголски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯖꯔꯃꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ – манипурски" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯖꯔꯃꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="манипурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – марати" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="марати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_%C4%A0ermani%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Ġermaniża – малтийски" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Ġermaniża" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="малтийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lh%C3%A9ngua_almana" title="Lhéngua almana – мирандийски" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Lhéngua almana" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мирандийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဂျာမန်ဘာသာစကား – бирмански" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျာမန်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирмански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Немецень кель – ерзиа" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Немецень кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ерзиа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="آلمانی – мазандерански" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آلمانی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандерански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_germanese" title="Lengua germanese – неаполитански" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua germanese" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="неаполитански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BC%C3%BCtsche_Spraak" title="Düütsche Spraak – долнонемски" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Düütsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="долнонемски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duuts" title="Duuts – долносаксонски" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Duuts" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="долносаксонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मनेली भाषा – непалски" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जर्मनेली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – неварски" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duits" title="Duits – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Duits" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tysk" title="Tysk – норвежки (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tysk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвежки (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tysk" title="Tysk – норвежки (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tysk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежки (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanum" title="Germanum – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Germanum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allemaund" title="Allemaund – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Allemaund" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejeremane" title="Sejeremane – северен сото" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Sejeremane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="северен сото" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9%C3%A9sh_Bich%CA%BCahii_Bizaad" title="Béésh Bichʼahii Bizaad – навахо" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Béésh Bichʼahii Bizaad" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="навахо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemand" title="Alemand – окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alemand" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germuanien_kieli" title="Germuanien kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Germuanien kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Немыцаг æвзаг – осетински" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Немыцаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਜਰਮਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – пенджабски" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਰਮਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_Alemano" title="Salitan Alemano – пангасинан" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Alemano" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="пангасинан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alem%C3%A1n" title="Alemán – папиаменто" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Alemán" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="папиаменто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemant" title="Alemant – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Alemant" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schtandard-Deitsch" title="Schtandard-Deitsch – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Schtandard-Deitsch" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Sprache" title="Deutsche Sprache – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Deutsche Sprache" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jirman" title="Jirman – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Jirman" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_niemiecki" title="Język niemiecki – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język niemiecki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_ted%C3%ABsca" title="Lenga tedësca – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga tedësca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="جرمن بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جرمن بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="جرمني ژبه – пущу" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جرمني ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пущу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_alem%C3%A3" title="Língua alemã – португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua alemã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliman_simi" title="Aliman simi – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Aliman simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tudestga" title="Lingua tudestga – реторомански" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua tudestga" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="реторомански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jermanikani_chib" title="Jermanikani chib – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Jermanikani chib" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_german%C4%83" title="Limba germană – румънски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba germană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румънски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_gherm%C3%A3nesc%C3%A3" title="Limba ghermãnescã – арумънски" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Limba ghermãnescã" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="арумънски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_tedesche" title="Lènga tedesche – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga tedesche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Добра статия"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Немецкий язык – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Немецкий язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%97%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Нїмецькый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Нїмецькый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikidage" title="Ikidage – киняруанда" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikidage" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="киняруанда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मनभाषा – санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जर्मनभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ньиэмэс тыла – саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ньиэмэс тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – сантали" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="сантали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_tedesca" title="Limba tedesca – сардински" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba tedesca" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tidesca" title="Lingua tidesca – сицилиански" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua tidesca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_leid" title="German leid – шотландски" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="German leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="جرمن ٻولي – синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جرمن ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duiskkagiella" title="Duiskkagiella – северносаамски" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Duiskkagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="северносаамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Njemački jezik – сърбохърватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Njemački jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сърбохърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Talimant" title="Tutlayt Talimant – ташелхит" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Talimant" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ташелхит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ජර්මානු භාෂාව – синхалски" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජර්මානු භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="синхалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language" title="German language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="German language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nem%C4%8Dina" title="Nemčina – словашки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nemčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nem%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Nemščina – словенски" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nemščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Siamani" title="Faʻa Siamani – самоански" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Siamani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="самоански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksakiel%C3%A2" title="Saksakielâ – инари-саамски" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Saksakielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="инари-саамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chijerumani" title="Chijerumani – шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chijerumani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_gjermane" title="Gjuha gjermane – албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha gjermane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Немачки језик – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Немачки језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doysritongo" title="Doysritongo – сранан тонго" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Doysritongo" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="сранан тонго" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADJalim%C3%A1ne" title="SíJalimáne – свати" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="SíJalimáne" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="свати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejeremane" title="Sejeremane – сото" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Sejeremane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="сото" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BC%C3%BCtsk" title="Düütsk – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Düütsk" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_J%C3%A9rman" title="Basa Jérman – сундански" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Jérman" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyska" title="Tyska – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tyska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijerumani" title="Kijerumani – суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kijerumani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mjymjecko_godka" title="Mjymjecko godka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Mjymjecko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="இடாய்ச்சு மொழி – тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இடாய்ச்சு மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಭಾಷೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="జర్మన్ భాష – телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జర్మన్ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lia-alemaun" title="Lia-alemaun – тетум" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Lia-alemaun" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="тетум" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони олмонӣ – таджикски" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони олмонӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาเยอรมัน – тайски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาเยอรมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman_dili" title="Alman dili – туркменски" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Alman dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Aleman" title="Wikang Aleman – тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Aleman" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almani_zyvon" title="Almani zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Almani zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejeremane" title="Sejeremane – тсвана" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Sejeremane" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="тсвана" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Jeman" title="Tok Jeman – ток писин" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Jeman" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="ток писин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanca" title="Almanca – турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Almanca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman_tele" title="Alman tele – татарски" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Alman tele" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Heremani" title="Reo Heremani – таитянски" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo Heremani" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="таитянски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Немец дыл – тувински" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Немец дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тувински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Немец кыл – удмуртски" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Немец кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="удмуртски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%90%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="نېمىس تىلى – уйгурски" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نېمىس تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Німецька мова – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Німецька мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جرمن زبان – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جرمن زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemis_tili" title="Nemis tili – узбекски" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nemis tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_todesca" title="Łéngua todesca – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua todesca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksan_kel%27" title="Saksan kel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Saksan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Tiếng Đức – виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Đức" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duuts" title="Duuts – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Duuts" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deut%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Deutänapük – волапюк" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Deutänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almand_(lingaedje)" title="Almand (lingaedje) – валонски" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Almand (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inaleman" title="Inaleman – варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inaleman" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语 – ву китайски" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="德语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Немшин келн – калмик" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Немшин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="калмик" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiJamani" title="IsiJamani – кхоса" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IsiJamani" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="кхоса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="გერმანული ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გერმანული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A9" title="דייטש – идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דייטש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Germany" title="Èdè Germany – йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Germany" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vah_Dwzgoz" title="Vah Dwzgoz – зуанг" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vah Dwzgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="зуанг" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duuts" title="Duuts – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Duuts" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ – стандартен марокански тамазигт" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="стандартен марокански тамазигт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语 – китайски" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="德语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="德語 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="德語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tek-g%C3%AD" title="Tek-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tek-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87" title="德文 – кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="德文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiJalimani" title="IsiJalimani – зулуски" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiJalimani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на междуезиковите препратки" class="wbc-editpage">Редактиране</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именни пространства"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Преглед на основната страница [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Статия</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0:%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" rel="discussion" title="Беседа за страницата [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Промяна на езиковия вариант" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">български</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Прегледи"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=history" title="Предишни версии на страницата [h]" accesskey="h"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Инструменти" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Инструменти</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Допълнителни опции" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Действия </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=history"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Основни </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Списък на всички страници, сочещи насам [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Какво сочи насам</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" rel="nofollow" title="Последните промени на страници, сочени от тази страница [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Свързани промени</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/MediaWiki:Uploadtext" title="Качи файлове [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Качване на файл</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Списък на всички специални страници [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Специални страници</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&oldid=12251215" title="Постоянна препратка към тази версия на страницата"><span>Постоянна препратка</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=info" title="Повече за тази страница"><span>Информация за страницата</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&page=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&id=12251215&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Информация за начините за цитиране на тази страница"><span>Цитиране на статията</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbg.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259D%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA"><span>Кратък URL адрес</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbg.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259D%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA"><span>Изтегляне на QR код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Отпечатване/изнасяне </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA"><span>Създаване на книга</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=show-download-screen"><span>Изтегляне като PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&printable=yes" title="Версия за печат на страницата [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Версия за печат</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> В други проекти </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:German_language" hreflang="en"><span>Общомедия</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1430" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188" title="Препратка към свързания обект от хранилището за данни [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Обект в Уикиданни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Облик</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">скриване</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12144718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-lua{width:22em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data-only,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-above{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-italic-title{display:none}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;margin:-5px 0;border:0;border-spacing:0 5px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox th.onlysubbox,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td.onlysubbox{padding:0!important}</style><table class="infobox infobox-lua infobox_v2 vcard"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-above title book" style="background-color:#c4f5b8; border:1px solid #aaaaaa;">Немски език<div style="font-size: 76%; font-weight: normal;">Deutsch</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color: #ffffff; font-size: 110%; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">/<span class="noulinks IPA"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IPA" title="Уикипедия:IPA">[dɔʏtʃ]</a></span>/</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Страна</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австрия">Австрия</a> и др.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Регион</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Европа">Европа</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Говорещи</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">около 90-98 млн. говорещи като майчин език<br />(80 млн. като втори език)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Писменост</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Латиница">латиница</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background:#c4f5b8; border:1px solid #aaaaaa;">Систематизация по Ethnologue</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-data-only" style="text-align: left;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Tree_expanded_parrent.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="-"><img alt="-" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Tree_expanded_parrent.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Индоевропейски езици">Индоевропейски</a><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Tree_spacer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="."><img alt="." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Tree_spacer.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Tree_expanded_parrent.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="-"><img alt="-" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Tree_expanded_parrent.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Германски езици">Германски</a><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Tree_spacer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="."><img alt="." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Tree_spacer.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Tree_spacer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="."><img alt="." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Tree_spacer.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Tree_expanded_parrent.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="-"><img alt="-" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Tree_expanded_parrent.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Западногермански езици">Западногермански</a><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Tree_spacer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="."><img alt="." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Tree_spacer.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Tree_spacer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="."><img alt="." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Tree_spacer.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Tree_spacer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="."><img alt="." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Tree_spacer.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Tree_expanded_parrent.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="-"><img alt="-" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Tree_expanded_parrent.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Горногермански езици">Горногермански</a><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Tree_spacer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="."><img alt="." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Tree_spacer.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Tree_spacer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="."><img alt="." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Tree_spacer.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Tree_spacer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="."><img alt="." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Tree_spacer.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Tree_spacer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="."><img alt="." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Tree_spacer.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Tree_folded_current.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="→"><img alt="→" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Tree_folded_current.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12" data-file-height="12" /></a></span>Немски<br /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background:#c4f5b8; border:1px solid #aaaaaa;">Официално положение</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Официален в</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австрия">Австрия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Белгия">Белгия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Лихтенщайн">Лихтенщайн</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Люксембург">Люксембург</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Швейцария">Швейцария</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Европейски съюз">Европейски съюз</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Малцинствен в</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бразилия">Бразилия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Италия">Италия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Румъния">Румъния</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Русия">Русия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан">Казахстан</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Киргизстан">Киргизстан</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Словакия">Словакия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия">Чехия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Унгария">Унгария</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Република Южна Африка">Република Южна Африка</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украйна">Украйна</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Регулатор</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Институт по немски език<br />Съвет за немски правопис</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background:#c4f5b8; border:1px solid #aaaaaa;">Кодове</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-1</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">de</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ISO 639-2</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">ger, deu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ISO 639-3</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/deu">deu</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-data-only" style="text-align: left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg/250px-Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg/375px-Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg/500px-Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1326" data-file-height="601" /></a></span><br />Главни немскоговорещи общности по света</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-data-only" style="text-align: left;;text-align:center;"><div class="imagemap-inline" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Уикипедия"><img alt="Уикипедия" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/20px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span>  <b><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="de:">Уикипедия на <span style="text-transform: lowercase;">Немски език</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background:#c4f5b8; border:1px solid #aaaaaa;"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:German_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:German language">Немски език</a></b> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Общомедия">Общомедия</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Нѐмският езѝк</b> (на <a class="mw-selflink selflink">немски</a>: <span lang="de" dir="ltr" style="font-style:italic">deutsche Sprache</span> или само <span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:.25em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:De-Deutsch.ogg" title="Файл:De-Deutsch.ogg"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/De-Deutsch.ogg" class="internal" title="De-Deutsch.ogg"><i>Deutsch</i></a></span></span>, звучащо като <i>дойч</i>) е <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Западногермански езици">западногермански език</a>, близък до <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Люксембургски език">люксембургския</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Нидерландски език">нидерландския</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Английски език">английския</a>. С около 90<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis2009_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>-98<sup id="cite_ref-Marten20057_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marten20057-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> милиона души, говорещи го като роден език, немският е един от основните световни езици и най-разпространеният роден език в <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Европейски съюз">Европейския съюз</a>. Немскоговорещите са наричани <b>немци</b> независимо от националността си. </p><p>Немският език се говори главно в <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австрия">Австрия</a>, основната част от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Швейцария">Швейцария</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Лихтенщайн">Лихтенщайн</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Люксембург">Люксембург</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Южен Тирол">Южен Тирол</a> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Италия">Италия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Немскоезична общност в Белгия">източните кантони</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Белгия">Белгия</a> и южната област на <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дания">Дания</a>, части от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Румъния">Румъния</a>, в <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Елзас">Елзас</a> и североизточната част от <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Горна Лотарингия">Горна Лотарингия</a> във <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция">Франция</a>. Освен това в няколко бивши колониални владения на Германия, най-вече в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Намибия">Намибия</a>, има значителни немскоговорещи общности. Немскоговорещи малцинства има и в някои източноевропейски страни, като <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Русия">Русия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Унгария">Унгария</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Словения">Словения</a>, както и в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Северна Америка">Северна Америка</a> и в някои латиноамерикански страни, като <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аржентина">Аржентина</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бразилия">Бразилия</a> (най-вече в щатите <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Рио Гранде до Сул">Рио Гранде до Сул</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Санта Катарина">Санта Катарина</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82,_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F)" class="mw-redirect" title="Парана (щат, Бразилия)">Парана</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ешпирито Санто">Ешпирито Санто</a>). </p><p>Основната част от немската лексика произлиза от <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Германски езици">германския клон</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Индоевропейски езици">индоевропейското езиково семейство</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-European_Commission2004_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-European_Commission2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Значителен брой думи са заети от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латински език">латинския</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Гръцки език">гръцкия</a> език, известно количество — от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Френски език">френския</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Английски език">английския</a>. Немският език използва <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Латиница">латинската азбука</a>, като към обичайните 26 букви се добавят три гласни с <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%82" title="Умлаут">умлаут</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ä (страницата не съществува)">Ä</a>/ä, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ö (страницата не съществува)">Ö</a>/ö и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ü (страницата не съществува)">Ü</a>/ü), както и съгласната <a href="/wiki/%C3%9F" title="ß">ß</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="История"><span id=".D0.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>История</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: История" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: История"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>За начало на историята на немския език се приема <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Горногерманско изместване на съгласните (страницата не съществува)">горногерманското изместване на съгласните</a>, при което <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Горногермански езици">горногерманските езици</a> се отделят от останалите <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Западногермански езици">западногермански езици</a>. Този процес протича през VI век, в хода на <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Велико преселение на народите">Великото преселение на народите</a>. Обособените при него горногермански говори стават основа на съвременния немски език, докато диалектите, неподложени на изместването на съгласните, в частност <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Старосаксонски език (страницата не съществува)">старосаксонският</a>, запазват редица архаични черти, които споделят с <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Нидерландски език">нидерландския</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фризийски език (страницата не съществува)">фризийския</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Английски език">английския</a> език. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:OldHighGermanlanguagearea962.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/OldHighGermanlanguagearea962.png/220px-OldHighGermanlanguagearea962.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/OldHighGermanlanguagearea962.png/330px-OldHighGermanlanguagearea962.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/OldHighGermanlanguagearea962.png/440px-OldHighGermanlanguagearea962.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1585" /></a><figcaption>Разпространение на стария горногермански език в средата на X век</figcaption></figure> <p>Историята на немския език се разделя на няколко основни периода. Първият от тях е този на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Стар горногермански език (страницата не съществува)">стария горногермански език</a> и обхваща времето от VI век до средата на XI век. Най-старият известен текст на един от тези диалекти е речникът <i>„<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abrogans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abrogans (страницата не съществува)">Abrogans</a>“</i> от VIII век, а първите по-значими текстове са от IX век. Въпреки фонологичните разлики с останалите западногермански езици, по отношение на граматиката старият горногермански остава много близък до тях. </p><p>В средата на XI век горногерманските диалекти претърпяват нова фонологична промяна — неударените гласни са редуцирани до „e“, което рязко опростява граматичните <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Словоизменение (страницата не съществува)">словоизменения</a>. С това започва периодът на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Среден горногермански език (страницата не съществува)">средния горногермански език</a>. Той продължава да се състои от множество регионални диалекти, което донякъде се дължи и на политическата разпокъсаност на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Свещена Римска империя">Свещената Римска империя</a>. Малко по-широко разпространение като междурегионален език получава швабският диалект, свързан с влиятелния двор на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Хоенщауфен">Щауфените</a>. През този период горногерманските говори се разпространяват на североизток, където стават основа на днешните <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Източни среднонемски езици">източни среднонемски диалекти</a>. </p><p>Начало на периода на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ранен нов горногермански език (страницата не съществува)">ранния нов горногермански език</a> е средата на XIV век, когато горногерманските говори до голяма степен приемат съвременната фонологична система, използвана от книжовния немски език. И през този период по-голямо значение имат диалектите, свързани с влиятелни владетелски дворове — този на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хабсбургите (страницата не съществува)">Хабсбургите</a> и двора на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Саксония">Саксония</a>. Стъпка към формирането на общ горногермански езиков стандарт е и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Реформация">Реформацията</a>, по време на която <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мартин Лутер">Мартин Лутер</a> превежда <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Библия">Библията</a>, използвайки диалекта на саксонската бюрокрация, относително архаичен в сравнение с говоримия език. От своя страна, католиците възприемат диалекта на хабсбургската администрация. Макар двете форми да са много близки, това става пречка за формирането на единна книжовна норма. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Historical_German_linguistical_area.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Historical_German_linguistical_area.PNG/220px-Historical_German_linguistical_area.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Historical_German_linguistical_area.PNG/330px-Historical_German_linguistical_area.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Historical_German_linguistical_area.PNG/440px-Historical_German_linguistical_area.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1031" data-file-height="651" /></a><figcaption>Разпространение на немския език в Европа през 1929 година</figcaption></figure> <p>Последният исторически период, на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нов горногермански език (страницата не съществува)">новия горногермански език</a>, започва в средата на XVII век. Самият език не претърпява значителни промени в сравнение с предходния период, но по това време той измества <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латински език">латинския</a> като език на образованите, а отделните горногермански диалекти постепенно започват да губят значението си. Първият голям немски речник е този на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Йохан Кристоф Аделунг (страницата не съществува)">Йохан Кристоф Аделунг</a> от 1781 г. </p><p>Нормирането на правописа се извършва главно през XIX век, особено по времето на <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ваймарска република">Втория райх</a>, когато Германия е политически обединена. През 1901 г. специална правописна конференция утвърждава стандарт, обхващащ всички подробности на немската литературна норма. </p><p>През този период немският език започва да се налага в северните части на <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германия</a>, където местните диалекти значително се различават от него и първоначално хората трябва да го учат като чужд език. В рамките на <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австрийска империя">Австрийската империя</a> немският се разпространява и на изток, където се превръща в предпочитан език на градските жители. Така големи градове, като <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Прага">Прага</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0" title="Будапеща">Будапеща</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Братислава">Братислава</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Загреб">Загреб</a>, по това време са предимно немскоезични, докато в заобикалящите ги области се говорят други езици. </p><p>През 1996 г. правителствата на Германия, Австрия и Швейцария вземат решение за пръв път след 1901 г. да въведат някои промени в правописните правила — т.нар. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Немска правописна реформа (страницата не съществува)">немска правописна реформа</a>. Решението предизвиква остри спорове. Някои германски провинции, като <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Северен Рейн-Вестфалия">Северен Рейн-Вестфалия</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бавария">Бавария</a>, отказват да приложат промените. Въпреки това от 2006 г. реформата е в сила в образователната система. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Географско_разпространение"><span id=".D0.93.D0.B5.D0.BE.D0.B3.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.84.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.BE_.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5"></span>Географско разпространение</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: Географско разпространение" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Географско разпространение"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:1em;"> <caption>Страни с голям брой говорещи немски език като роден </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Страна</th> <th>Брой говорещи<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis2009_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германия</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">75 300 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австрия">Австрия</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 500 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Швейцария">Швейцария</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 640 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция">Франция</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 500 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан">Казахстан</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">958 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Полша">Полша</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">500 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Италия">Италия</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">225 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/22px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/33px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/44px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Парагвай">Парагвай</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">166 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Белгия">Белгия</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">150 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Румъния">Румъния</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">45 100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия">Чехия</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">39 100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Унгария">Унгария</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">33 800 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дания">Дания</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">25 900 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/22px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/33px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/44px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Люксембург">Люксембург</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 900 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_(2010).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_%282010%29.svg/220px-Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_%282010%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_%282010%29.svg/330px-Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_%282010%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_%282010%29.svg/440px-Knowledge_of_German_EU_map_%282010%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="603" /></a><figcaption>Разпространение на немския като роден или втори език в Европейския съюз</figcaption></figure> <p>Немският език преобладава в няколко европейски държави: <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австрия">Австрия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Швейцария">Швейцария</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Люксембург">Люксембург</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Лихтенщайн">Лихтенщайн</a>. Други над 2 милиона немскоезични живеят в съседните на тези страни държави:  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция">Франция</a> (в регионите <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Елзас">Елзас</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Лорен">Лорен</a>), <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Полша">Полша</a> (главно в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Силезия">Силезия</a>), <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Италия">Италия</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Южен Тирол">Южен Тирол</a>), <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Белгия">Белгия</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Немскоезична общност в Белгия">Източни кантони</a>), <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия">Чехия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Унгария">Унгария</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дания">Дания</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Словакия">Словакия</a>. </p><p>Традиционни немскоезични общности има и в по-отдалечени части на <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Източна Европа">Източна Европа</a>, но от средата на XX век голяма част от тях се преселва в Германия, като днес по-значителни групи са останали в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан">Казахстан</a> (принудително изселени от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украйна">Украйна</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Русия">Русия</a> по време на <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Втора световна война">Втората световна война</a>) и в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Румъния">Румъния</a>. </p><p>Между 1843 г. и 1910 г. над 5 милиона немци емигрират в <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Америка">Америка</a><sup id="cite_ref-Commager1961102_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commager1961102-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Съединени американски щати">Съединените щати</a> (днес 49 милиона души се определят като американци с немски произход<sup id="cite_ref-United_States_Census_Bureau2007_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-United_States_Census_Bureau2007-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Аржентина">Аржентина</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бразилия">Бразилия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Венецуела">Венецуела</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Парагвай">Парагвай</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Чили">Чили</a>. Там те често формират значителни по размер компактни общности, които дълго време запазват своята културна идентичност. По-голямата част от тези групи постепенно възприемат преобладаващия местен език (английски, испански, португалски). Днес немският е запазен като роден език в отделни общности, най-големите от които са в Парагвай, южните части на Бразилия, американските щати <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Северна Дакота">Северна</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Южна Дакота">Южна Дакота</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-census.gov2001_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census.gov2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> канадските провинции <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Онтарио">Онтарио</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Британска Колумбия">Британска Колумбия</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-statcan.ca2010_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statcan.ca2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Немскоезични общности са запазени и в някои от някогашните германски владения: <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Намибия">Намибия</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%E2%80%93_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Папуа – Нова Гвинея (страницата не съществува)">Папуа – Нова Гвинея</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Микронезия">Микронезия</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Официален_статут"><span id=".D0.9E.D1.84.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.82"></span>Официален статут</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Редактиране на раздел: Официален статут" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Официален статут"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Немският е единственият <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Официален език">официален език</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австрия">Австрия</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Лихтенщайн">Лихтенщайн</a>. В <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Швейцария">Швейцария</a> немският е официален език, наред с <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Френски език">френския</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Италиански език">италианския</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Реторомански език">ретороманския</a> език и е най-разпространеният език в страната. Той е официален език също в <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Белгия">Белгия</a> (заедно с <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Нидерландски език">нидерландския</a> и френския език) и в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Люксембург">Люксембург</a> (заедно с френския и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Люксембургски език">люксембургския</a> език), но в тези страни разпространението му е ограничено. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Страни"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8"></span>Страни</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Редактиране на раздел: Страни" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Страни"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Немският език има статут на официален език в 6 държави и едно политическо обединение на държави: </p> <ul><li><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия"><span style="white-space: normal">Германия</span></a></span>;</li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австрия"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австрия"><span style="white-space: normal">Австрия</span></a></span>;</li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Белгия"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Белгия"><span style="white-space: normal">Белгия</span></a></span>;</li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Лихтенщайн"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/20px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/30px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/40px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Лихтенщайн"><span style="white-space: normal">Лихтенщайн</span></a></span>;</li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Люксембург"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Люксембург"><span style="white-space: normal">Люксембург</span></a></span>;</li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Швейцария"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Швейцария"><span style="white-space: normal">Швейцария</span></a></span>;</li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Европейски съюз"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/20px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Европейски съюз"><span style="white-space: normal">Европейски съюз</span></a></span>.</li></ul> <p>Немският език има статут на малцинствен/регионален език в 11 държави: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11651663">.mw-parser-output .div-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .div-columns dl,.mw-parser-output .div-columns ol,.mw-parser-output .div-columns ul,.mw-parser-output .div-columns table{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-columns dt,.mw-parser-output .div-columns dd,.mw-parser-output .div-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .div-columns h1,.mw-parser-output .div-columns h2,.mw-parser-output .div-columns h3,.mw-parser-output .div-columns h4,.mw-parser-output .div-columns h5,.mw-parser-output .div-columns h6{column-span:all}</style><div class="div-columns" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> <ul><li><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бразилия"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/20px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бразилия"><span style="white-space: normal">Бразилия</span></a></span>;</li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Италия"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Италия"><span style="white-space: normal">Италия</span></a></span>;</li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Румъния"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Румъния"><span style="white-space: normal">Румъния</span></a></span>;</li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Русия"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Русия"><span style="white-space: normal">Русия</span></a></span>;</li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан"><span style="white-space: normal">Казахстан</span></a></span>;</li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Киргизстан"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Киргизстан"><span style="white-space: normal">Киргизстан</span></a></span>;</li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Словакия"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Словакия"><span style="white-space: normal">Словакия</span></a></span>;</li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия"><span style="white-space: normal">Чехия</span></a></span>;</li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Унгария"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Унгария"><span style="white-space: normal">Унгария</span></a></span>;</li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Република Южна Африка"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Република Южна Африка"><span style="white-space: normal">Република Южна Африка</span></a></span>;</li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украйна"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украйна"><span style="white-space: normal">Украйна</span></a></span>.</li></ul></div> <p>На местно ниво немският е официален език на областта <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Южен Тирол">Южен Тирол</a> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Италия">Италия</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%AE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Южен Ютланд (страницата не съществува)">Южен Ютланд</a> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дания">Дания</a>, части от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Ополско войводство">Ополското войводство</a> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Полша">Полша</a>, както и на градовете <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Шопрон">Шопрон</a> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Унгария">Унгария</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Крахуле (страницата не съществува)">Крахуле</a> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Словакия">Словакия</a> и няколко града в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Румъния">Румъния</a>. Наред с италианския, немският е и един от официалните езици на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Швейцарска гвардия">Швейцарската гвардия</a> във <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ватикан">Ватикана</a>. Немският е и един от 23-те официални езика на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Европейски съюз">Европейския съюз</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Разновидности"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B4.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8"></span>Разновидности</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Редактиране на раздел: Разновидности" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Разновидности"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Книжовен_немски_език"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B6.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D0.BD.D0.B5.D0.BC.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.B8.D0.BA"></span>Книжовен немски език</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Редактиране на раздел: Книжовен немски език" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Книжовен немски език"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/17px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/26px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/34px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Вижте също: <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Швейцарски немски език">Швейцарски немски език</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Westgermanische_Sprachvariet%C3%A4ten_1990.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Westgermanische_Sprachvariet%C3%A4ten_1990.png/300px-Westgermanische_Sprachvariet%C3%A4ten_1990.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Westgermanische_Sprachvariet%C3%A4ten_1990.png/450px-Westgermanische_Sprachvariet%C3%A4ten_1990.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Westgermanische_Sprachvariet%C3%A4ten_1990.png/600px-Westgermanische_Sprachvariet%C3%A4ten_1990.png 2x" data-file-width="1653" data-file-height="1323" /></a><figcaption>Национални и регионални разновидности на книжовния немски език<sup id="cite_ref-Ammon2004_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ammon2004-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Книжовният немски се формира като писмен език, без да представлява традиционен местен диалект на една конкретна област. Същевременно в Северна Германия и в повечето големи градове местните диалекти са изместени практически напълно от книжовния език. </p><p>В повечето области говорещите немски в зависимост от ситуацията използват смесени в различно съотношение книжовен немски език и съответния местен диалект. В немскоезичните части на Швейцария такова смесване е рядко, като между диалектните форми и книжовния език съществува рязко разграничение. </p><p>Макар че книжовният немски език следва общ стандарт за граматиката, в него съществуват няколко регионални разновидности, отличаващи се донякъде по отношение на лексиката и произношението. Тези разновидности не бива да се бъркат с традиционните диалекти, макар че в известна степен са повлияни от тях. Наличието на тези разновидности в Германия, Австрия (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Австрийски книжовен немски език (страницата не съществува)">австрийски книжовен немски език</a>) и Швейцария (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Швейцарски книжовен немски език (страницата не съществува)">швейцарски книжовен немски език</a>) дава основание на някои автори да определят немския като <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Плурицентричен език">плурицентричен език</a>, макар че различията между тях са по-малки, отколкото в други плурицентрични езици, като <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Български език">българския</a> или <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Персийски език">персийския</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Диалекти"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B8.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D0.B8"></span>Диалекти</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Редактиране на раздел: Диалекти" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Диалекти"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Continental_West_Germanic_languages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Continental_West_Germanic_languages.png/220px-Continental_West_Germanic_languages.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Continental_West_Germanic_languages.png/330px-Continental_West_Germanic_languages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Continental_West_Germanic_languages.png/440px-Continental_West_Germanic_languages.png 2x" data-file-width="1796" data-file-height="2332" /></a><figcaption>Разпространение на западногерманските диалекти в континентална Европа</figcaption></figure> <p>Книжовният немски език не е базиран на конкретен традиционен диалект, но отделните диалекти се отличават от него в различна степен. Различията между тях са значителни, като някои диалекти не са взаимноразбираеми с други и дори с книжовния език. В някои езикови класификации тези диалекти се разглеждат като самостоятелни езици, образуващи групата на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Немски езици">немските езици</a>. </p><p>Немските диалекти се разделят на две големи групи: <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Среднонемски езици">среднонемски</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Горнонемски езици">горнонемски</a>. Най-близки до книжовния немски са <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Източни среднонемски езици">източните среднонемски диалекти</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тюрингски диалект (страницата не съществува)">тюрингският</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Долносилезийски език (страницата не съществува)">долносилезийският</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Горносаксонски език (страницата не съществува)">горносаксонският</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Берлински диалект (страницата не съществува)">берлинският</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Западни среднонемски езици">Западните среднонемски диалекти</a> включват <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Мозелфранконски езици">мозелфранконския</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Рейнфранконски езици">рейнфранконския</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Рипуарски франконски езици">рипуарския франконски</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хесенски диалект (страницата не съществува)">хесенския</a> диалект. Освен в Германия тези диалекти се говорят и в съседните части на Белгия и Люксембург, където мозелфранконските диалекти са стандартизирани в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Люксембургски език">люксембургски език</a> — един от официалните езици на Люксембург. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Източнофранконски диалекти (страницата не съществува)">Източнофранконските</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Южнофранконски диалекти (страницата не съществува)">южнофранконските диалекти</a>, говорени главно в северната част на <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бавария">Бавария</a>, заемат междинно положение между среднонемските и горнонемските диалекти. Същинските горнонемски диалекти се разделят на две подгрупи: <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Австро-баварски езици">австро-баварски</a> (на изток в Бавария, Австрия и Южен Тирол) и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Алемански езици">алемански</a> (на запад в <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%92%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Баден-Вюртемберг">Баден-Вюртемберг</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Швейцария">Швейцария</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция">Франция</a>). Алеманските диалекти, говорени в Швейцария, са известни като <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Швейцарски немски език">швейцарски немски език</a>. В сравнение с останалите местни диалекти те са особено жизнени и се използват широко успоредно с книжовния немски, включително в училищата, по телевизията и в печата. Горногермански диалекти се говорят и в Източна Европа сред немскоезичното население в Полша и Румъния. Въз основа на горногермански диалекти е формиран и езикът <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Идиш">идиш</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Ашкенази">ашкеназите</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Немски_език_и_долногермански_говори"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B5.D0.BC.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D0.B8_.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D0.B3.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8"></span>Немски език и долногермански говори</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Редактиране на раздел: Немски език и долногермански говори" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Немски език и долногермански говори"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>За разлика от немските диалекти, традиционните диалекти в северната част на Германия са част от <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Долногермански езици">долногерманската група</a>, което ги прави по-близки до книжовния <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Нидерландски език">нидерландски език</a>, отколкото до книжовния немски. Тяхна основа е <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Среден долногермански език (страницата не съществува)">средният долногермански език</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лингва франка">лингва франка</a> на средновековната <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Ханза">Ханза</a>. Доминиращ език в Северна Германия, той постепенно губи значението си с упадъка на Ханзата и разпространението на Реформацията. С политическото обединение на Германия местните диалекти, които силно се отличават от книжовния език, до голяма степен са унищожени. Говорените днес разновидности са силно повлияни от книжовния немски. </p><p>Традиционните долногермански диалекти се разделят на две групи. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Долнорейнски диалект (страницата не съществува)">Долнорейнският диалект</a> е част от <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Долнофранконски езици (страницата не съществува)">долнофранконската група</a>, част от която е книжовният нидерландски. Повечето долногермански диалекти на територията на Германия са част от <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Долносаксонски езици (страницата не съществува)">долносаксонската група</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шлезвигски диалект (страницата не съществува)">шлезвигски</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Холщайнски диалект (страницата не съществува)">холщайнски</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Северен долносаксонски диалект (страницата не съществува)">северен долносаксонски</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Източнофризийски диалект (страницата не съществува)">източнофризийски</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вестфалски език (страницата не съществува)">вестфалски</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Остфалски диалект (страницата не съществува)">остфалски</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Северномеркски диалект (страницата не съществува)">северномеркски</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Южномеркски диалект (страницата не съществува)">южномеркски</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мекленбругско-преднопомерански диалект (страницата не съществува)">мекленбругско-преднопомерански</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Граматика"><span id=".D0.93.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0"></span>Граматика</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Редактиране на раздел: Граматика" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Граматика"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Основна статия: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Немска граматика (страницата не съществува)">Немска граматика</a></i><br /></div></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Имена"><span id=".D0.98.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B0"></span>Имена</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Редактиране на раздел: Имена" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Имена"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Имената в немския език се изменят по: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Падеж (граматика)">падеж</a> – <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Именителен падеж">именителен</a> (<i>Nominativ</i>), <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Родителен падеж">родителен</a> (<i>Genitiv</i>), <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Дателен падеж">дателен</a> (<i>Dativ</i>) и <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Винителен падеж">винителен</a> (<i>Akkusativ</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Род (граматика)">род</a> – мъжки, женски и среден (Окончанията на думите понякога съответстват на рода – например имената, завършващи на <i>-ung</i>, <i>-schaft</i>, <i>-keit</i> и <i>-heit</i> са в женски род, тези, завършващи на <i>-chen</i> или <i>-lein</i> (умалителни форми), са в среден род, а завършващите на <i>-ismus</i> са в мъжки род. Родът в някои случаи е спорен, като понякога зависи от регионални особености. Освен това има и окончания с неопределен род, като <i>-er</i> – <i>Feier</i> (женски род), <i>Arbeiter</i> (мъжки род) и <i>Gewitter</i> (среден род).)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Число (граматика)">число</a> – единствено и множествено</li></ul> <p>Макар че понякога немският се сочи като пример за силно <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Флективен език (страницата не съществува)">флективен език</a>, неговата флективност е значително по-малка, отколкото на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Старовисоконемски език (страницата не съществува)">старовисоконемски</a> или други древни индоевропейски езици, като <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латински език">латинския</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Старогръцки език">старогръцкия</a> или <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Санскрит">санскрит</a>, както и на съвременни езици като <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Исландски език">исландския</a> или <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Руски език">руския</a>. </p><p>В множествено число четирите рода са слети, като в граматическо отношение множественото число има поведение на четвърти род. С четири падежа, три рода и множествено число броят на възможните съчетания е 16, но в съвременния немски се използват само 6 форми на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Членуване">определителния член</a>. Изменения по падеж на съществителните се изисква в единствено число за имената от силен мъжки и среден род в родителен падеж и понякога в дателен падеж, като и двата падежа постепенно се изместват от разговорния език. В много ситуации окончанията за дателен падеж се приемат за старомодни и не се използват, макар че продължават да се прилагат в официалната реч или в писмени текстове. Съществителните от слаб мъжки род имат еднакво окончание в родителен, дателен и винителен падеж в единствено число, а съществителните в женски род изобщо не се изменят в единствено число. В множествено число има изменение за дателен падеж. Общият брой на склонителните окончания без тези за множествено число е 7: <i>-s, -es, -n, -ns, -en, -ens, -e</i>. </p><p>В немския правопис съществителните и повечето думи със синтактична функция на съществителни се изписват с главна буква, което би трябвало да улесни четящия. Това правило днес се използва само в немския и в сродния люксембургски, както и в някои диалекти на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Севернофризийски език">севернофризийския</a>, но в миналото е било разпространено и в други германски езици, като <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Датски език">датския</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Английски език">английския</a>. </p><p>Както при повечето германски езици, в немския се образуват съставни съществителни, в които първата част изменя категорията на втората, например <i>Hundehütte</i> („кучешка колиба“; от <i>Hund</i> и <i>Hütte</i>). За разлика от английския, при който новите имена се изписват разделно, немският и повечето останали германски езици използват слято изписване. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Глаголи"><span id=".D0.93.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.B3.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B8"></span>Глаголи</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Редактиране на раздел: Глаголи" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Глаголи"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Глаголите в немския език се изменят по: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Спрежение">спрежение</a> – слаби, силни или смесени. Слаби глаголи са тези, които се подчиняват на правилата за образуване на глаголните форми. Силни са тези, които не следват общите правила за образуване на глаголните форми, а имат собствени. Те се наричат още неправилни.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Лице (граматика)">лице</a> – първо, второ и трето</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Число (граматика)">число</a> – единствено и множествено</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Наклонение">наклонение</a> – неопределително (<i>Infinitiv</i>), <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Изявително наклонение">изявително</a> (<i>Indikativ</i>), <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Повелително наклонение">повелително</a> (<i>Imperativ</i>) и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Подчинително наклонение (страницата не съществува)">подчинително</a> (<i>Konjunktiv</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Залог">залог</a> – деятелен (<i>Aktiv</i>) и страдателен (<i>Passiv</i>), като страдателният се разделя на статичен (<i>Zustandspassiv</i>) и динамичен (<i>Vorgangspassiv</i>)</li> <li>две прости (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Сегашно време">сегашно</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Просто минало време (страницата не съществува)">просто минало</a>) и четири сложни (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Минало неопределено време">минало неопределено</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Минало предварително време">минало предварително</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Бъдеще време">бъдеще</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Бъдеще предварително време">бъдеще предварително</a>) <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Време (граматика)">глаголни времена</a></li></ul> <p>Значението на основните глаголи може да бъде разширено, а понякога и коренно променено, чрез добавянето на представки, някои от които имат собствено значение. Така представката <i>zer-</i> означава разрушаване на нещо, например в <i>zerreißen</i> („разкъсвам“), <i>zerbrechen</i> („разтрошавам“), <i>zerschneiden</i> („разрязвам“). Други представки нямат конкретно самостоятелно значение. Например представката <i>ver-</i> се среща в разнообразни ситуации – <i>versuchen</i> („опитвам“), <i>vernehmen</i> („разпитвам“), <i>verteilen</i> („разпределям“), <i>verstehen</i> („разбирам“). </p><p>Миналото просто време при слабите глаголи се образува, като от инфинитива се премахне окончанието <i>en</i> и се прибави <i>te</i>. Например <i>ersetz + en</i> → <i>ersetz + te</i>. Пример за силен, сиреч неправилен, глагол е <i>essen</i>. Формата му за минало просто време е <i>aß</i>, която очевидно не следва посоченото горе правило за образуване на формите. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Словоред"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4"></span>Словоред</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Редактиране на раздел: Словоред" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Словоред"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Словоред (страницата не съществува)">Словоредът</a> е относително свободен, като най-често се използват две форми – за главното и подчиненото изречение. В обичайните съобщителни изречения измененият глагол винаги е на второ място, във въпросителни, възклицателни и пожелателни изречения – на първо място. В подчинените изречения глаголът трябва да се поставя в края, но в разговорния език това правило често се пренебрегва. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Речник"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B5.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BA"></span>Речник</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Редактиране на раздел: Речник" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Речник"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:DUDEN_Universal_W%C3%B6rterbuch_1983_a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DUDEN_Universal_W%C3%B6rterbuch_1983_a.jpg/170px-DUDEN_Universal_W%C3%B6rterbuch_1983_a.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DUDEN_Universal_W%C3%B6rterbuch_1983_a.jpg/255px-DUDEN_Universal_W%C3%B6rterbuch_1983_a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DUDEN_Universal_W%C3%B6rterbuch_1983_a.jpg/340px-DUDEN_Universal_W%C3%B6rterbuch_1983_a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1405" /></a><figcaption><i>„Duden Universal Wörterbuch“</i>, един от най-авторитетните немски речници</figcaption></figure> <p>Изследване, базирано на анализа на 35 милиона изречения и 500 милиона думи от лексикографски корпус в Лайпциг, установява, че съвременният немски съдържа 9 милиона самостоятелни думи и словосъчетания.<sup id="cite_ref-Wortschatz.informatik.uni-leipzig.de2003_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wortschatz.informatik.uni-leipzig.de2003-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Произходът на основната част от речника на съвременния немски език се корени в германския клон на индоевропейското езиково семейство, макар че има значителен брой думи с <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латински език">латински</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Старогръцки език">старогръцки</a> произход, както и по-малко с <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Френски език">френски</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Английски език">английски</a> произход. Като цяло романските заемки в немския са по-малко, отколкото в други германски езици, като английския или <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Нидерландски език">нидерландския</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Немски_и_български_думи_с_общ_индоевропейски_корен"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B5.D0.BC.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D0.B8_.D0.B1.D1.8A.D0.BB.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D0.B4.D1.83.D0.BC.D0.B8_.D1.81_.D0.BE.D0.B1.D1.89_.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.B5.D0.B2.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.B5.D0.B9.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D0.BA.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BD"></span>Немски и български думи с общ индоевропейски корен</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Редактиране на раздел: Немски и български думи с общ индоевропейски корен" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Немски и български думи с общ индоевропейски корен"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Основна статия: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сравнителен разбор на българския и немския езици (страницата не съществува)">Сравнителен разбор на българския и немския езици</a></i><br /></div></dd></dl> <ul><li>Съкращения: <i>СВН – старовисоконемски</i>; <i>ПГ – протогермански</i>; <i>СТБ – старобългарски</i>; <i>ПС – протославянски</i>; <i>ПБС – протобалтославянски</i>; <i>ПИЕ – протоиндоевропейски</i>.</li></ul> <ol><li><b>Schwester</b> (от старовисоконемската <i>swester</i> < протогерманската <i>*swestēr</i> < протоиндоевропейската <i>swésōr</i>) и <b>сестра</b> (старобългарската <span style="font-size: larger; font-family: FreeSerif, LazovBold, Lazov, 'Menaion Medieval', Dilyana, Vikidemia;">сєстра</span>< протославянската <i>*sestra</i> < протобалтославянската <i>*s(w)esō</i> < протоиндоевропейската <i>swésōr</i>).</li> <li><b>Bruder</b> (СВН <i>bruoder</i> < ПГ <i>*brōþēr</i> < ПИЕ <i>*bʰréh₂tēr</i>) и <b>брат</b> (СТБ <span style="font-size: larger; font-family: FreeSerif, LazovBold, Lazov, 'Menaion Medieval', Dilyana, Vikidemia;">братръ</span>, <span style="font-size: larger; font-family: FreeSerif, LazovBold, Lazov, 'Menaion Medieval', Dilyana, Vikidemia;">братъ</span>< ПС <i>*bratrъ</i>, <i>*bratъ</i> < ПИЕ <i>*bʰréh₂tēr</i>).</li> <li><b>Sohn</b> и <b>син</b>.</li> <li><b>Auge</b> (СВН <i>ouga</i> < ПГ <i>*augô</i> < ПИЕ <i>*h₃ekʷ-</i>) и <b>око</b> (СТБ <span style="font-size: larger; font-family: FreeSerif, LazovBold, Lazov, 'Menaion Medieval', Dilyana, Vikidemia;">око</span>< ПС <i>*oko</i> < ПБС <i>*ak-</i> < ПИЕ <i>*h₃ekʷ-</i>).</li> <li><b>Nase</b> (СВН <i>nasa</i> < ПГ <i>*nasō</i> < ПИЕ <i>*néh₂s-</i>) и <b>нос</b> (СТБ <span style="font-size: larger; font-family: FreeSerif, LazovBold, Lazov, 'Menaion Medieval', Dilyana, Vikidemia;">носъ</span>< ПС <i>*nosъ</i> < ПИЕ <i>*néh₂s-</i>).</li> <li><b>Wolf</b> (СВН <i>wolf</i> < ПГ <i>*wulfaz</i> < ПИЕ <i>*wĺ̥kʷos</i>) и <b>вълк</b> (СТБ <span style="font-size: larger; font-family: FreeSerif, LazovBold, Lazov, 'Menaion Medieval', Dilyana, Vikidemia;">влькъ </span>< ПС <i>*vьlkъ </i> < ПИЕ <i>*wĺ̥kʷos</i>).</li> <li><b>Kaufen</b> (срв. с готската <i>kaup</i>) и <b>купувам</b>.</li> <li><b>Sitzen</b> (СВН <i> sizzen, *sitten</i> < ПГ <i>*sitjaną</i> < ПИЕ <i>*sed-</i>) и <b>седя</b> (СТБ <span style="font-size: larger; font-family: FreeSerif, LazovBold, Lazov, 'Menaion Medieval', Dilyana, Vikidemia;">сѣдѣти</span>< ПС <i>*sěděti, *sesti</i> < ПБС <i>*sēdētei</i> < ПИЕ <i>*sed-</i>).</li></ol> <p>Други такива са: <b>Gans</b> и <b>гъска</b>, <b>Garten</b> и <b>град</b>, <b>градина</b>, <b>Milch</b> и <b>мляко</b>, <b>Wasser</b> и <b>вода</b>, <b>glatt</b> и <b>гладък</b>, <b>Maus</b> и <b>мишка</b>, <b>Nest</b> и <b>гнездо</b>, <b>arbeiten</b> и <b>работя</b>, <b>mahlen</b> и <b>меля</b>, <b>satt</b> и <b>сит</b>, <b>liegen</b> и <b>лежа</b>, <b>lügen</b> и <b>лъжа</b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Думи,_възприети_в_българския_от_немския"><span id=".D0.94.D1.83.D0.BC.D0.B8.2C_.D0.B2.D1.8A.D0.B7.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B8_.D0.B2_.D0.B1.D1.8A.D0.BB.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.BE.D1.82_.D0.BD.D0.B5.D0.BC.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Думи, възприети в българския от немския</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Редактиране на раздел: Думи, възприети в българския от немския" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Думи, възприети в българския от немския"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><b>Щифт</b>, от <i>Stift</i>.</li> <li><b>Аншлус</b>, от <i>Anschluss</i>.</li> <li><b>Културтрегер</b>, от <i>Kulturträger</i>.</li> <li><b>Шалтер</b>, от <i>Schalter</i>.</li> <li><b>Щаб</b>, от рус. <i>штаб</i>, от нем. <i>Stab</i>.</li> <li><b>Зала</b>, от нем. <i>Saal</i>.</li> <li><b>Шрайбпроектор</b>, от нем. <i>Schreibprojektor</i>.</li> <li><b>Термин</b>, от нем. <i>Termin</i>.</li> <li><b>Наваксвам</b>, от българската наставка <i>на</i> и немския глагол <i>wachsen</i> – „раста, напредвам“.</li> <li><b>Курорт</b></li> <li><b>Шрифт</b></li> <li><b>Шайба</b></li> <li><b>Бормашина</b>, от <i>Bohrmaschine.</i></li> <li><b>Щепсел</b>, от <i>Stöpsel.</i></li> <li><b>Шлиц</b></li> <li><b>Лагер</b></li> <li><b>Винкел</b></li> <li><b>Курбел</b></li> <li><b>Шегел</b></li> <li><b>Шенкел</b></li> <li><b>Шибър</b></li> <li><b>Щафета</b></li> <li><b>Щендер</b></li> <li><b>Щайга</b></li> <li><b>Виц</b></li> <li><b>Цех</b></li> <li><b>Ширм</b></li> <li><b>Циферблат</b></li> <li><b>Цип</b></li> <li><b>Шнола</b></li> <li><b>Шприц</b></li> <li><b>Райбер</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82" title="Полтъргайст">Полтъргайст</a></b></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Азбука"><span id=".D0.90.D0.B7.D0.B1.D1.83.D0.BA.D0.B0"></span>Азбука</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Редактиране на раздел: Азбука" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Азбука"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Основна статия: <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Немска азбука">Немска азбука</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>В немската азбука се използват 26 латински букви, като има 3 гласни <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%82" title="Умлаут">умлаути</a> ä, ö, ü и печатна лигатура ß (Eszett <a href="/wiki/%C3%9F" title="ß">Есцет</a>), които не влизат в азбуката (т.е. те не са стандартизирани, но са включени в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Уникод">Уникода</a>). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>буква </th> <th>название </th> <th>буква </th> <th>название </th> <th>буква </th> <th>название </th> <th>буква </th> <th>название </th> <th>буква </th> <th>название </th></tr> <tr> <td>A a </td> <td>a </td> <td>F f </td> <td>еф </td> <td>L l </td> <td>ел </td> <td>Q q </td> <td>ку </td> <td>Ü ü </td> <td>у-умлаут </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ä ä </td> <td>а-умлаут </td> <td>G g </td> <td>ге </td> <td>M m </td> <td>ем </td> <td>R r </td> <td>ер </td> <td>V v </td> <td>фау </td></tr> <tr> <td>B b </td> <td>бе </td> <td>H h </td> <td>ха </td> <td>N n </td> <td>ен </td> <td>S s </td> <td>ес </td> <td>W w </td> <td>ве </td></tr> <tr> <td>C c </td> <td>це </td> <td>I i </td> <td>и </td> <td>O o </td> <td>o </td> <td>ß </td> <td>есцет </td> <td>X x </td> <td>икс </td></tr> <tr> <td>D d </td> <td>де </td> <td>J j </td> <td>йод </td> <td>(Ö ö) </td> <td>о-умлаут </td> <td>T t </td> <td>те </td> <td>Y y </td> <td>ипсилон </td></tr> <tr> <td>E e </td> <td>е </td> <td>K k </td> <td>ка </td> <td>P p </td> <td>пе </td> <td>U u </td> <td>у </td> <td>Z z </td> <td>цет </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>До началото на XX век официално се е използвал <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Готическо писмо (страницата не съществува)">готическият шрифт</a> (в частност е съществувала разлика с готическия ръкописен шрифт). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Бележки"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.B6.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Бележки</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Редактиране на раздел: Бележки" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Бележки"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lewis2009-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Lewis2009_1-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lewis2009_1-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis2009">Lewis 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marten20057-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Marten20057_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarten2005">Marten 2005</a>, с. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-European_Commission2004-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-European_Commission2004_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEuropean_Commission2004">European Commission 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Commager1961102-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Commager1961102_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCommager1961">Commager 1961</a>, с. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-United_States_Census_Bureau2007-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-United_States_Census_Bureau2007_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnited_States_Census_Bureau2007">United States Census Bureau 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census.gov2001-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-census.gov2001_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFcensus.gov2001">census.gov 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statcan.ca2010-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-statcan.ca2010_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFstatcan.ca2010">statcan.ca 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ammon2004-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ammon2004_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAmmon2004">Ammon 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wortschatz.informatik.uni-leipzig.de2003-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wortschatz.informatik.uni-leipzig.de2003_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWortschatz.informatik.uni-leipzig.de2003">Wortschatz.informatik.uni-leipzig.de 2003</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Цитирани източници</dt></dl> <div class="references"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFAmmon2004" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Ammon, Ulrich et al. Variantenwörterbuch des Deutschen. Die Standardsprache in Österreich, der Schweiz und Deutschland sowie in Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, Ostbelgien und Südtirol.  Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, 2004.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на немски)</small></span></cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFcensus.gov2001" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20030411203842/http://www.census.gov:80/population/cen2000/phc-t20/tab05.pdf">Table 5. Detailed List of Languages Spoken at Home for the Population 5 Years and Over by State: 2000 (PDF)</a> //   census.gov, 2001.  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t20/tab05.pdf">оригинала</a> на 2003-04-11. Посетен на 15 март 2010.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на английски)</small></span></cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCommager1961" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Commager, Henry Steele. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Czlg39-Z75kC&pg=PA102&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Immigration and American history: essays in honor of Theodore C. Blegen</a>.  University of Minnesota Press, 1961. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0816657351" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0816657351</a>.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на английски)</small></span></cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEuropean_Commission2004" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20061019192047/http://ec.europa.eu/publications/booklets/move/45/en.pdf">Many tongues, one family. Languages in the European Union (PDF)</a> //  Europa (web portal).  European Commission, 2004.  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/publications/booklets/move/45/en.pdf">оригинала</a> на 2006-10-19. Посетен на 3 февруари 2007.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на английски)</small></span></cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLewis2009" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=deu">German</a> //  Ethnologue: Languages of the World.  SIL International, 2009.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на английски)</small></span></cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMarten2005" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Marten, Thomas et al. Länderkunde – Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz und Liechtenstein im Querschnitt.  Berlin, Inform-Verlag, 2005. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/3980584313" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-9805843-1-3</a>.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на немски)</small></span></cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFstatcan.ca6_януари_2010" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225074451/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=89189&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=705&Temporal=2006&Theme=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&GID=837928">Statistics Canada 2006</a> //   statcan.ca, 6 януари 2010.  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=89189&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=705&Temporal=2006&Theme=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&GID=837928">оригинала</a> на 2018-12-25. Посетен на 15 март 2010.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на английски)</small></span></cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Census_Bureau2007" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:535;">ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:535; ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:535; ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:535&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=false&-charIterations=047&-geo_id=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en  US demographic census</a> //  census.gov.  United States Census Bureau, 2007. Посетен на 2 август 2007.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на английски)</small></span></cite><sup class="noprint plainlinks Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap">[<i><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot"><abbr title="Поставено от InternetArchiveBot – февруари 2021">неработеща препратка</abbr></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWortschatz.informatik.uni-leipzig.de7_януари_2003" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wortschatz.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/html/inhalt_next.html">Ein Hinweis in eigener Sache</a> //   Wortschatz.informatik.uni-leipzig.de, 7 януари 2003. Посетен на 15 март 2010.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на немски)</small></span></cite></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Вижте_също"><span id=".D0.92.D0.B8.D0.B6.D1.82.D0.B5_.D1.81.D1.8A.D1.89.D0.BE"></span>Вижте също</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Редактиране на раздел: Вижте също" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Вижте също"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Международна олимпиада по немски език">Международна олимпиада по немски език</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Идиш">Идиш</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Люксембургски език">Люксембургски език</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Официални езици на Европейския съюз">Официални езици на Европейския съюз</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Поименен списък на официалните езици на Европейския съюз">Поименен списък на официалните езици на Европейския съюз</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Европейски ден на езиците">Европейски ден на езиците</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Външни_препратки"><span id=".D0.92.D1.8A.D0.BD.D1.88.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Външни препратки</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Редактиране на раздел: Външни препратки" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Външни препратки"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="imagemap-inline" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Уикипедия"><img alt="Уикипедия" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/20px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span>  <b><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="de:">Уикипедия на <span style="text-transform: lowercase;">Немски език</span></a></b></div> <div class="noprint plainlinks" style="clear: right; border: solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 87%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; width: 250px; padding: 2px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top:5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Общомедия"><img alt="Общомедия" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption>Общомедия</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left:40px;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Общомедия">Общомедия</a> разполага с мултимедийно <div class="interProject">съдържание за: <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:German_language?uselang=bg"><i><b>Немски език</b></i></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; width: 250px; padding: 2px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top:5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/45px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left:40px;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Уикиизточник">Уикиизточник</a> разполага с оригинални творби на / за: <div class="interProject"><i><b><a href="https://bg.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0_%E2%84%96_6#.D0.93.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.B0_.D1.88.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.C2.A0.D0.9F.D0.A0.D0.90.D0.92.D0.98.D0.9B.D0.90_.D0.97.D0.90_.D0.A2.D0.A0.D0.90.D0.9D.D0.A1.D0.9A.D0.A0.D0.98.D0.9F.D0.A6.D0.98.D0.AF_.D0.98_.D0.9F.D0.A0.D0.90.D0.92.D0.9E.D0.9F.D0.98.D0.A1_.D0.9D.D0.90_.D0.9D.D0.95.D0.9C.D0.A1.D0.9A.D0.98.D0.A2.D0.95_.D0.93.D0.95.D0.9E.D0.93.D0.A0.D0.90.D0.A4.D0.A1.D0.9A.D0.98_.D0.98.D0.9C.D0.95.D0.9D.D0.90" class="extiw" title="s:Наредба № 6">Правила за транскрипция и правопис на немските географски имена</a></b></i></div> </div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goethe.de/ins/bg/sof/bgindex.htm">Гьоте институт България</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw-world.de/dw/0,2142,2652,00.html">„Да учим немски“, Дойчевеле</a></li> <li>Онлайн Немско-българо-немски речник</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.kabinata.com/?cat=5">Статии за немския език</a></li> <li><span style="color:blue; font-size:0.8em; cursor:help;" title="На английски език"><b>(</b>(en)<b>)</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=GER">Немският език на Ethnologue</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121029075809/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ger">Архив на оригинала от</a> 2012-10-29 в <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nemskiezik.start.bg">Немски език – упражнения, граматика, лексика, приказки, песни</a> – портал в Start.bg</li></ul> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#ccccff;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%A1" title="Шаблон:Официални езици на ЕС"><abbr title="Преглед на шаблона" style=";background-color:#ccccff;background:none transparent;border:none;">п</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%3A%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1"><abbr title="Беседа на шаблона (страницата не съществува)" style="color:#ba0000;;background-color:#ccccff;background:none transparent;border:none;">б</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%A1&action=edit"><abbr title="Редактиране на шаблона" style=";background-color:#ccccff;background:none transparent;border:none;">р</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%;"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%A1" title="ЕС"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/20px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Официални езици на Европейския съюз">Официални езици</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Европейски съюз">Европейския съюз</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Английски език">английски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Български език">български</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Гръцки език">гръцки</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Датски език">датски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Естонски език">естонски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ирландски език">ирландски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Испански език">испански</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Италиански език">италиански</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латвийски език">латвийски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Литовски език">литовски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Малтийски език">малтийски</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">немски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Нидерландски език">нидерландски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Полски език">полски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Португалски език">португалски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Румънски език">румънски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Словашки език">словашки</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Словенски език">словенски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Унгарски език">унгарски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Фински език">фински</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Френски език">френски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Хърватски език">хърватски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Чешки език">чешки</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Шведски език">шведски</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Следните езици имат статут на официални в<br />отделни райони, но не са официални езици за ЕС:</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Баски език">баски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Галисийски език">галисийски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Каталонски език">каталонски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Люксембургски език">люксембургски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Турски език">турски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Уелски език">уелски</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Фризийски езици">фризийски</a></i></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#ccccff;;"><div> Източник: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/abc/european_countries/languages/index_bg.htm">Езиците в Европа</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Шаблон:Германия теми"><abbr title="Преглед на шаблона" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">п</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0:%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8"><abbr title="Беседа на шаблона" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">б</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8&action=edit"><abbr title="Редактиране на шаблона" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">р</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германия</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="История на Германия">История</a></th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хронология на Германската история (страницата не съществува)">Хронология</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Германски племена">Германски племена</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Велико преселение на народите">Миграция</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франкска империя">Франкска империя</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Свещена Римска империя">Свещена Римска империя</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Източна колонизация (страницата не съществува)">Източна колонизация</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Рейнски съюз">Рейнски съюз</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Германски съюз">Германски съюз</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Северногермански съюз">Северногермански съюз</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_(1871_%E2%80%93_1918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Германска империя (1871 – 1918)">Германска империя</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Ханза">Ханза</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="История на Германия през Първата световна война">Първа световна война</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ваймарска република">Ваймарска република</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Нацистка Германия">Нацистка Германия</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="История на Германия през Втората световна война">През Втората световна война</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4_1945&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="История на Германия след 1945 (страницата не съществува)">След 1945</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Източна Германия">Източна Германия</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Западна Германия">Западна Германия</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Обединение на Германия">Обединение на Германия</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Съвременна Германия</a></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="15" style="width:0.01%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;"><div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="510" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:D_international_vehicle_registration_oval.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/D_international_vehicle_registration_oval.png/90px-D_international_vehicle_registration_oval.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/D_international_vehicle_registration_oval.png/135px-D_international_vehicle_registration_oval.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/D_international_vehicle_registration_oval.png/180px-D_international_vehicle_registration_oval.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="262" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Политика</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_(%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Бундесрат (Германия)">Бундесрат</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3_(%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Бундестаг (Германия)">Бундестаг</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_(%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" class="mw-redirect" title="Бундеспрезидент (Германия)">Президент</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Федерален канцлер (Германия)">Канцлер</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бундесрегиерунг (Германия) (страницата не съществува)">Кабинет</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Списък на политическите партии в Германия">Политически партии</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Конституция на Федерална република Германия">Конституция</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="География на Германия">География</a></th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Административно деление на Германия">Административно деление</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Списък на градовете в Германия по население">Градове</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Планини в Германия (страницата не съществува)">Планини</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Острови в Германия (страницата не съществува)">Острови</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Реки в Германия">Реки</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Езера в Германия (страницата не съществува)">Езера</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Транспорт в Германия">Транспорт</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Икономика</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="История на икономиката на Германия (страницата не съществува)">История</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Автомобилна индустрия на Германия (страницата не съществува)">Автомобилна индустрия</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Франкфуртска стокова борса 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scope="row" class="navbox-group">Символи</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Национално знаме на Германия">Флаг</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Герб на Германия">Герб</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химн на Германия">Химн</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="hlist hlist-big 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