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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English poet and translator</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Caroline de Crespigny</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CarolinedeCrespigny.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="de Crespigny 1826 by Philip August Gaugain"><img alt="de Crespigny 1826 by Philip August Gaugain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/CarolinedeCrespigny.jpg/150px-CarolinedeCrespigny.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/CarolinedeCrespigny.jpg/225px-CarolinedeCrespigny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/CarolinedeCrespigny.jpg/300px-CarolinedeCrespigny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="684" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">de Crespigny 1826 by Philip August Gaugain</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Caroline Bathurst<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1797-09-14</span>)</span>14 September 1797<br />Durham, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">26 December 1861<span style="display:none">(1861-12-26)</span> (aged 64)<br /><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden" title="Grand Duchy of Baden">Grand Duchy of Baden</a>, Germany</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Poet, translator</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;">Poetry</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><i>My Souvenir</i> (1844), <i>Vision of Great Men</i> (1848)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Rev Heaton Champion de Crespigny</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Partner</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Thomas Medwin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Five</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Henry Bathurst, Lord Bishop of Norwich, <a href="/wiki/Allen_Bathurst,_1st_Earl_Bathurst" title="Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst">Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Caroline Champion de Crespigny</b> (<span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a></span> <b>Bathurst</b>; 14 September 1797 – 26 December 1861) was an early 19th-century English poet and translator. In the tradition of <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a>, she published <i>My Souvenir, or, Poems</i> in 1844. Her translations, mainly from German into English, were often made in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Medwin" title="Thomas Medwin">Thomas Medwin</a>, the cousin and biographer of <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Percy Bysshe Shelley</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caroline_de_Crespigny&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reverend_Heaton_Champion_de_Crespigny_(1796%E2%80%931858).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Reverend_Heaton_Champion_de_Crespigny_%281796%E2%80%931858%29.jpg/220px-Reverend_Heaton_Champion_de_Crespigny_%281796%E2%80%931858%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Reverend_Heaton_Champion_de_Crespigny_%281796%E2%80%931858%29.jpg/330px-Reverend_Heaton_Champion_de_Crespigny_%281796%E2%80%931858%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Reverend_Heaton_Champion_de_Crespigny_%281796%E2%80%931858%29.jpg/440px-Reverend_Heaton_Champion_de_Crespigny_%281796%E2%80%931858%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="572" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of her husband, the Rev. Heaton Champion de Crespigny, by Philip August Gaugain</figcaption></figure> <p>Caroline Champion de Crespigny was born <b>Caroline Bathurst</b> at Durham in 1797<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into a political and literary family. At the time of her birth her father Rt Rev Dr <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bathurst_(bishop)" title="Henry Bathurst (bishop)">Henry Bathurst</a> (1744–1837) was prebendary canon at <a href="/wiki/Durham_Cathedral" title="Durham Cathedral">Durham Cathedral</a>, later becoming Bishop of Norwich. Her uncle, <a href="/wiki/Allen_Bathurst,_1st_Earl_Bathurst" title="Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst">Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst</a> (1684- 1775) was a Government minister and literary patron and friend of, amongst others, <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Sterne" title="Laurence Sterne">Laurence Sterne</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Congreve" title="William Congreve">William Congreve</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fordonski_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fordonski-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her mother was Grace Coote, a sister of Sir <a href="/wiki/Eyre_Coote_(British_Army_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyre Coote (British Army officer)">Eyre Coote</a>, a military governor of the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Jamaica" title="Colony of Jamaica">Colony of Jamaica</a>. One of her siblings <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Bathurst_(diplomat)" title="Benjamin Bathurst (diplomat)">Benjamin Bathurst</a> gained notoriety during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> by his sudden, unexplained disappearance. </p><p>In her early twenties she may have been a <a href="/wiki/Mistress_(lover)" title="Mistress (lover)">mistress</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a> as opined in letters by Julie Gmelin.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whilst this is a possibility it may also be dubious speculation from Gmelin, who also records her as an accomplished harpist and harpsichord player. A number of watercolours also survive her. In July 1820 Caroline Bathurst married <a href="/wiki/Anglican_clergyman" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican clergyman">Anglican clergyman</a> Heaton Champion de Crespigny (son of <a href="/wiki/William_Champion_de_Crespigny,_2nd_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="William Champion de Crespigny, 2nd Baronet">William Champion de Crespigny, 2nd Baronet</a>), later <a href="/wiki/Vicar_(Anglicanism)" title="Vicar (Anglicanism)">Vicar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Neatishead" title="Neatishead">Neatishead</a> in Norfolk, settling in <a href="/wiki/Vevey" title="Vevey">Vevey</a> in Switzerland where their first child Eyre was born in May 1821.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her husband was <a href="/wiki/Profligate" class="mw-redirect" title="Profligate">profligate</a>, and family letters written by Bishop Bathurst reveal that by 1828 Rev. Heaton de Crespigny was seriously in debt and unable to provide for his wife and children, who were living at <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham" title="Cheltenham">Cheltenham</a> in serious <a href="/wiki/Destitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Destitution">destitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1833, Rev. Heaton was declared <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Bankruptcy in the United Kingdom">legally</a> <a href="/wiki/Insolvent" class="mw-redirect" title="Insolvent">insolvent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relationship between the spouses effectively ended in 1837, when Bishop Bathurst died and Caroline de Crespigny inherited enough of an income to live independently. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caroline_de_Crespigny&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Heidelberg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A decision was made around 1840 to relocate the family to <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden" title="Grand Duchy of Baden">Grand Duchy of Baden</a>, Germany, where there was a small English literary community. It was in Heidelberg in 1841 that de Crespigny met the "friend", mentioned in the preface to her collection of poems, <i>My Souvenir</i> published in 1844. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Medwin" title="Thomas Medwin">Thomas Medwin</a> was the cousin and biographer of <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Percy Bysshe Shelley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a>. Their shared enthusiasm for Shelley may have been a catalyst for their lasting intimacy.<sup id="cite_ref-Lovell_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lovell-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1842 Medwin published a novel <i>Lady Singleton</i> where de Crespigny's verse appears at the head of some chapters and she is probably "the high-born and highly gifted lady" that Medwin thanks in his preface for the novel.<sup id="cite_ref-Lovell_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lovell-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neither was financially secure enough to divorce their spouse, and the relationship was primarily intellectual.<sup id="cite_ref-Lovell_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lovell-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They spent the next twenty years until de Crespigny's death in 1861 participating in the literary life of this university city. Their mixed German and English friends included, amongst others, <a href="/wiki/Fanny_Brawne" title="Fanny Brawne">Fanny Brawne</a> Lindon, the <a href="/wiki/Star-crossed" title="Star-crossed">star-crossed</a> <a href="/wiki/Fianc%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiancée">fiancée</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muse_(person)" title="Muse (person)">muse</a> of poet <a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">John Keats</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Howitt" title="Mary Howitt">Mary</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Howitt" title="William Howitt">William Howitt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">1848 Revolution</a> swept through Germany and reached Heidelberg, de Crespigny and Medwin thought it more judicious to exit to more peaceable <a href="/wiki/Weinsberg" title="Weinsberg">Weinsberg</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Kingdom of Württemberg</a>, where they were hosted by poet, <a href="/wiki/Justinus_Kerner" title="Justinus Kerner">Justinus Kerner</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justinus_Kerner_Altersbild.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Justinus_Kerner_Altersbild.jpg/220px-Justinus_Kerner_Altersbild.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Justinus_Kerner_Altersbild.jpg/330px-Justinus_Kerner_Altersbild.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Justinus_Kerner_Altersbild.jpg/440px-Justinus_Kerner_Altersbild.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1216" data-file-height="1276" /></a><figcaption>Justinus Kerner in old age</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="My_Souvenir,_or,_Poems_(1844)"><span id="My_Souvenir.2C_or.2C_Poems_.281844.29"></span><i>My Souvenir, or, Poems</i> (1844)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caroline_de_Crespigny&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: My Souvenir, or, Poems (1844)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Her most significant publication, still in print,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> appeared in 1844. <i>My Souvenir</i> includes original poems, together with a number of translations, from Latin, Spanish, Portuguese, French and German poets. It is probable that Medwin, a skilled polyglot is responsible for some of these translations but he is not credited. Some of the original poems refer to subject matter related to her own family, such as <i>Lines Written on Hearing of the Death of My Niece Rosa Bathurst, Drowned in The Tiber, Aged Seventeen</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i>For My Mother's Tomb at Malvern</i>. The style is late romantic.<sup id="cite_ref-Fordonski_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fordonski-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An anonymous reviewer of <i>My Souvenir</i> referred to the original verses as distinguished by "elegance, sweetness, and tenderness rather than power or passion", adding that the translations "are selected with taste and feeling; and those from German are not the least attractive portion of the volume".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two further volumes of translations and original poems appeared in quick succession: <i>The Enchanted Rose: A Romant In Three Cantos</i>, a translation from <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Schulze_(poet)" title="Ernst Schulze (poet)">Ernst Schulze</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>A Vision of Great Men</i> (1848) which concentrated on translating the poems of German women poets<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whilst De Crespigny's own work remained hidden, her translations of poets such as <a href="/wiki/Maciej_Kazimierz_Sarbiewski" title="Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski">Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annette_von_Droste-H%C3%BClshoff" title="Annette von Droste-Hülshoff">Annette von Droste-Hülshoff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Justinus_Kerner" title="Justinus Kerner">Justinus Kerner</a> introduced these literary figures to the <a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years">Later years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caroline_de_Crespigny&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Source material for de Crespigny's final years until her death in Heidelberg on 26 December 1861 is sparse, and knowledge is largely from the correspondence of her admirer Thomas Medwin. In 1858 he published, in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Monthly_Magazine" title="The New Monthly Magazine">The New Monthly Magazine</a></i>, <i>Renderings in Latin</i> that contained the last contemporaneous translations by Caroline de Crespigny.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016 <a href="/wiki/The_Bodleian_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bodleian Library">The Bodleian Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> acquired an album of her verses and drawings providing scholars with access to her work.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caroline_de_Crespigny&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sources differ for the birth and death dates of de Crespigny. There is a baptismal record in the register of Durham Cathedral dated 24 October 1797 whilst Probate records of 28 February 1862 record her death in Heidelberg on 26 December 1861, letters of administration having been granted to her son Albert Henry.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A Romant or Romaunt is a poetic term attributed to romantic verse often in epic form</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caroline_de_Crespigny&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fordonski-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fordonski_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fordonski_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Caroline de Crespigny: Forgotten Romantic Poetess</i>, Krysztof Fordonski; University of Warsaw, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letters of Julie Gmelin, 19 June 1849, published in <i>Badische Post</i> that describes her as a former mistress of Byron, 21 March 1924</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norfolk Chronicle 22 July 1820 page 3, The British Newspaper Archive at British Library</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Obituary of Bishop Henry Bathurst, Gentlemen's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, Volume 43 1837</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry Bathurst 1837. Memoirs of the late Dr Henry Bathurst, Lord Bishop of Norwich, vol 1 London</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/">"Insolvent Court: Revd Heaton"</a>. Sussex Advertiser. 4 February 1833<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Insolvent+Court%3A+Revd+Heaton&rft.date=1833-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaroline+de+Crespigny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lovell-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lovell_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lovell_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lovell_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Captain Medwin, Friend of Byron and Shelley</i>, Ernest J Lovell Jr, University of Texas Press, Austin (1962)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An Autobiography: Mary Howitt (London 1891)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">My Souvenir, or, Poems, volume 1, Caroline de Crespigny, General Books LLC, Memphis, USA, (2012) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781150004544" title="Special:BookSources/9781150004544">9781150004544</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBathurst1837" class="citation book cs1">Bathurst, Henry (1837). <i>Memoirs of the Late Dr. Henry Bathurst, Lord Bishop of Norwich, Volume 1</i>. A J Valpy. p. 234.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+the+Late+Dr.+Henry+Bathurst%2C+Lord+Bishop+of+Norwich%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=234&rft.pub=A+J+Valpy&rft.date=1837&rft.aulast=Bathurst&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaroline+de+Crespigny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anonymous: Tait’s Edinburgh Magazine, July 1844, vol II (127) p.469</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">: The Enchanted Rose: A Romant In Three Cantos: Translated from the German of Ernst Schulze (1844),</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A Vision Of Great Men With Other Poems as Translated from the Poetesses of Germany</i> (1848)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anglo-German and American-German Crosscurrents by Arthur Orcutt Lewis, W. Lamarr Kopp, Edward J. Danis</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Odds and Ends,</i> Thomas Medwin, Heidelberg, (1858)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Catalogue of Caroline de Crespigny's album of verse and drawings, 1838–1861, n.d., Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, curated by Margaret Czepiel (2018) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/1500-1900/crespigny/crespigny.html">http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/1500-1900/crespigny/crespigny.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oxford, Bodleian Libraries MS. 11916</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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