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this._featureRollouts}isRolloutEnabled(e){return!(!this._featureRollouts||!this._featureRollouts[e])&&this._featureRollouts[e].enabled}getSiteRolloutConfig(e){var t;return this.isRolloutEnabled(e)&&null!=(t=this._featureRollouts[e].data)?t:{}}get enabledFeatureRolloutIds(){return this._enabledFeatureRolloutIds}constructor(){this._featureRollouts={},this._checkedFeatureRollouts=new Map,this._enabledFeatureRolloutIds=[]}}class k extends j{constructor(e){super(),this._featureRollouts=e.enabled&&e.siteAds.featureRollouts||{}}}class E{get enabled(){return!!this._clsGlobalData&&!!this._clsGlobalData.siteAds&&P(this._clsGlobalData.siteAds)}get error(){return!(!this._clsGlobalData||!this._clsGlobalData.error)}set siteAds(e){this._clsGlobalData.siteAds=e}get siteAds(){return this._clsGlobalData.siteAds}set disableAds(e){this._clsGlobalData.disableAds=e}get disableAds(){return this._clsGlobalData.disableAds}set enabledLocations(e){this._clsGlobalData.enabledLocations=e}get enabledLocations(){return this._clsGlobalData.enabledLocations}get injectedFromPlugin(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedFromPlugin}set injectedFromPlugin(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedFromPlugin=e}get injectedFromSiteAds(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedFromSiteAds}set injectedFromSiteAds(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedFromSiteAds=e}overwriteInjectedSlots(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots=e}setInjectedSlots(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots=this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots||[],this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots.push(e)}get injectedSlots(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedSlots}setInjectedVideoSlots(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots=this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots||[],this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots.push(e)}get injectedVideoSlots(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedVideoSlots}setInjectedScripts(e){this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts=this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts||[],this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts.push(e)}get getInjectedScripts(){return this._clsGlobalData.injectedScripts}setExperiment(e,t,i=!1){this._clsGlobalData.experiments=this._clsGlobalData.experiments||{},this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments=this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments||{};(i?this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments:this._clsGlobalData.experiments)[e]=t}getExperiment(e,t=!1){const i=t?this._clsGlobalData.siteExperiments:this._clsGlobalData.experiments;return i&&i[e]}setWeightedChoiceExperiment(e,t,i=!1){this._clsGlobalData.experimentsWeightedChoice=this._clsGlobalData.experimentsWeightedChoice||{},this._clsGlobalData.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice=this._clsGlobalData.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice||{};(i?this._clsGlobalData.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice:this._clsGlobalData.experimentsWeightedChoice)[e]=t}getWeightedChoiceExperiment(e,t=!1){var i,o;const s=t?null==(i=this._clsGlobalData)?void 0:i.siteExperimentsWeightedChoice:null==(o=this._clsGlobalData)?void 0:o.experimentsWeightedChoice;return s&&s[e]}get branch(){return this._clsGlobalData.branch}get bucket(){return this._clsGlobalData.bucket}set videoDisabledFromPlugin(e){this._clsGlobalData.videoDisabledFromPlugin=e}get videoDisabledFromPlugin(){return this._clsGlobalData.videoDisabledFromPlugin}set targetDensityLog(e){this._clsGlobalData.targetDensityLog=e}get targetDensityLog(){return this._clsGlobalData.targetDensityLog}shouldHalveIOSDensity(){const e=new k(this);return((e=navigator.userAgent)=>/iP(hone|od|ad)/i.test(e))()&&e.isRolloutEnabled("iOS-Resolution")}getTargetDensity(e){return this.shouldHalveIOSDensity()?e/2:e}get removeVideoTitleWrapper(){return this._clsGlobalData.siteAds.adOptions.removeVideoTitleWrapper}constructor(){this._clsGlobalData=window.adthriveCLS}}class V{setExperimentKey(e=!1){this._clsOptions.setExperiment(this.abgroup,this.result,e)}constructor(){this._clsOptions=new E,this.shouldUseCoreExperimentsConfig=!1}}class z extends V{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new R(.1).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.key="RemoveLargeSize",this.abgroup="smhd100",this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}function M(e,t){if("object"==typeof Reflect&&"function"==typeof Reflect.metadata)return Reflect.metadata(e,t)}"function"==typeof SuppressedError&&SuppressedError;const I=(e,t,i,o,s,a)=>{const n=Math.round(a-s),r=[],l=[];r.push("(",i.map((()=>"%o")).join(", "),")"),l.push(...i),void 0!==o&&(r.push(" => %o"),l.push(o)),r.push(` %c(${n}ms)`),l.push("color: #999;")},F=(e,t,i)=>{const o=void 0!==i.get?i.get:i.value;return function(...i){try{const s=G(),a=o.apply(this,i);if(a instanceof Promise)return a.then((e=>{const t=G();return I(0,0,i,e,s,t),Promise.resolve(e)})).catch((i=>{throw i.logged||(O.error(e,t,i),i.logged=!0),i}));{const e=G();return I(0,0,i,a,s,e),a}}catch(i){throw i.logged||(O.error(e,t,i),i.logged=!0),i}}};class L extends V{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new R(this.weight).get()}constructor(e){super(),this._result=!1,this.key="ParallaxAdsExperiment",this.abgroup="parallax",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=.5;!!C()&&e.largeFormatsMobile&&(this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey())}}L=function(e,t,i,o){var s,a=arguments.length,n=a<3?t:null===o?o=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,i):o;if("object"==typeof Reflect&&"function"==typeof Reflect.decorate)n=Reflect.decorate(e,t,i,o);else for(var r=e.length-1;r>=0;r--)(s=e[r])&&(n=(a<3?s(n):a>3?s(t,i,n):s(t,i))||n);return a>3&&n&&Object.defineProperty(t,i,n),n}([((e,t=!1)=>i=>{const o=Object.getOwnPropertyNames(i.prototype).filter((e=>t||0!==e.indexOf("_"))).map((e=>[e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(i.prototype,e)]));for(const[t,s]of o)void 0!==s&&"function"==typeof s.value?i.prototype[t]=F(e,t,s):void 0!==s&&void 0!==s.get&&"function"==typeof s.get&&Object.defineProperty(i.prototype,t,v({},s,{get:F(e,t,s)}))})("ParallaxAdsExperiment"),M("design:type",Function),M("design:paramtypes",["undefined"==typeof AdTypes?Object:AdTypes])],L);class N extends V{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new R(1).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.key="mrsf",this.abgroup="mrsf",C()&&(this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey())}}const T=[[728,90],[300,250],[300,600],[320,50],[970,250],[160,600],[300,1050],[336,280],[970,90],[300,50],[320,100],[468,60],[250,250],[120,240],[1,1],[300,300],[552,334],[300,420],[728,250],[320,300],[300,390]],U=[[300,600],[160,600]],H=new Map([[c.Footer,1],[c.Header,2],[c.Sidebar,3],[c.Content,4],[c.Recipe,5],["Sidebar_sticky",6],["Below Post",7]]),W=(e,t)=>{const{location:i,sticky:o}=e;if(i===c.Recipe&&t){const{recipeMobile:e,recipeDesktop:i}=t;if(C()&&(null==e?void 0:e.enabled))return!0;if(!C()&&(null==i?void 0:i.enabled))return!0}return i===c.Footer||o},q=(e,t)=>{const i=t.adUnits,o=(e=>!!e.adTypes&&new L(e.adTypes).result)(t),s=new z,a=new N;return i.filter((e=>void 0!==e.dynamic&&e.dynamic.enabled)).map((i=>{const n=i.location.replace(/\s+/g,"_"),r="Sidebar"===n?0:2;return{auctionPriority:H.get(n)||8,location:n,sequence:w(i.sequence,1),sizes:(l=i.adSizes,T.filter((([e,t])=>l.some((([i,o])=>e===i&&t===o))))).filter((t=>((e,[t,i],o,s,a)=>{const{location:n,sequence:r}=e;if(n===c.Footer)return!("phone"===o&&320===t&&100===i);if(n===c.Header)return!(i>100&&s.result);if(n===c.Recipe)return!(a.result&&"phone"===o&&(300===t&&390===i||320===t&&300===i));if(n===c.Sidebar){const t=e.adSizes.some((([,e])=>e<=300)),o=i>300;return!(!o||t)||9===r||(r&&r<=5?!o||e.sticky:!o)}return!0})(i,t,e,s,a))).concat(o&&i.location===c.Content?U:[]),devices:i.devices,pageSelector:w(i.dynamic.pageSelector,"").trim(),elementSelector:w(i.dynamic.elementSelector,"").trim(),position:w(i.dynamic.position,"beforebegin"),max:Math.floor(w(i.dynamic.max,0)),spacing:w(i.dynamic.spacing,0),skip:Math.floor(w(i.dynamic.skip,0)),every:Math.max(Math.floor(w(i.dynamic.every,1)),1),classNames:i.dynamic.classNames||[],sticky:W(i,t.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig),stickyOverlapSelector:w(i.stickyOverlapSelector,"").trim(),autosize:i.autosize,special:w(i.targeting,[]).filter((e=>"special"===e.key)).reduce(((e,t)=>e.concat(...t.value)),[]),lazy:w(i.dynamic.lazy,!1),lazyMax:w(i.dynamic.lazyMax,r),lazyMaxDefaulted:0!==i.dynamic.lazyMax&&!i.dynamic.lazyMax,name:i.name};var l}))},B=(e,t)=>{const i=(e=>{let t=e.clientWidth;if(getComputedStyle){const i=getComputedStyle(e,null);t-=parseFloat(i.paddingLeft||"0")+parseFloat(i.paddingRight||"0")}return t})(t),o=e.sticky&&e.location===c.Sidebar;return e.sizes.filter((t=>{const s=!e.autosize||(t[0]<=i||t[0]<=320),a=!o||t[1]<=window.innerHeight-100;return s&&a}))},K=e=>`adthrive-${e.location.replace("_","-").toLowerCase()}`;class Y{start(){try{const e=q(this._device,this.adthriveCLS.siteAds).filter((e=>this.locationEnabled(e))).filter((e=>{return t=e,i=this._device,t.devices.includes(i);var t,i}));for(let t=0;t<e.length;t++)window.requestAnimationFrame(this.inject.bind(this,e[t],document))}catch(e){O.error("ClsHeaderInjector","start",e)}}inject(e,t=document){if("complete"===document.readyState)return;if(0!==e.pageSelector.length){if(!document.querySelector(e.pageSelector))return void window.requestAnimationFrame(this.inject.bind(this,e,document))}const i=this.getElements(e.elementSelector,t);if(i){const o=this.getDynamicElementId(e),s=K(e),a=(e=>`${K(e)}-${e.sequence}`)(e),n=[s,a,...e.classNames],r=this.addAd(i,o,e.position,n);if(r){const i=B(e,r);if(i.length>0){const o={clsDynamicAd:e,dynamicAd:e,element:r,sizes:i,name:c.Header_1,infinite:t!==document};this.adthriveCLS.injectedSlots.some((e=>e.name===c.Header_1))||this.adthriveCLS.injectedSlots.push(o),r.style.minHeight=this.deviceToMinHeight[this._device]}}}else window.requestAnimationFrame(this.inject.bind(this,e,document))}getDynamicElementId(e){return`AdThrive_${e.location}_${e.sequence}_${this._device}`}getElements(e,t=document){return t.querySelector(e)}addAd(e,t,i,o=[]){if(!document.getElementById(t)){const s=`<div id="${t}" class="adthrive-ad ${o.join(" ")}"></div>`;e.insertAdjacentHTML(i,s)}return document.getElementById(t)}locationEnabled(e){return!(this.adthriveCLS.disableAds&&this.adthriveCLS.disableAds.all)&&e.location===c.Header&&1===e.sequence&&1===e.max&&0===e.spacing}constructor(e){this.adthriveCLS=e,this.deviceToMinHeight={desktop:"90px",tablet:"90px",phone:"50px"};const{tablet:t,desktop:i}=this.adthriveCLS.siteAds.breakpoints;this._device=((e,t)=>{const i=window.innerWidth;return i>=t?"desktop":i>=e?"tablet":"phone"})(t,i)}}return(()=>{const e=window.adthriveCLS;e&&e.siteAds&&P(e.siteAds)&&window.requestAnimationFrame&&new Y(e).start()})(),e.ClsHeaderInjector=Y,e}({}); </script><noscript><style id="rocket-lazyload-nojs-css">.rll-youtube-player, [data-lazy-src]{display:none !important;}</style></noscript></head> <body data-rsssl=1 class="archive category category-volkswagen category-180 headings-f1 body-f2 sub-f1 quotes-f1 by-f3 wh-f2 widget-title-c block-titles-big block-titles-mid-1 masonry-has-bg menu-no-color-hover grids-spacing-0 modal-skin-2 skin-light 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href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/aston-martin/">Aston Martin</a></li> <li id="menu-item-354541" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-354541"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/bentley/">Bentley</a></li> <li id="menu-item-354542" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-354542"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/bmw/">BMW</a></li> <li id="menu-item-354209" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-354209"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/bugatti/">Bugatti</a></li> <li id="menu-item-288744" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-288744"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/dodge/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Dodge" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/dodge/" data-subtitle="Dodge is an American brand of automobile manufactured by FCA US LLC (formerly known as Fiat Chrysler Group LLC). The brand is currently producing high-performance cars although it was Chrysler’s mid-priced brand above Plymouth for much of its existence." data-count="179" data-tid="1169" data-term="category">Dodge</a></li> <li id="menu-item-354210" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-354210"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/ferrari/">Ferrari</a></li> <li id="menu-item-354543" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-354543"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/ford/">Ford</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-354297" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children dropper drop-it menu-item-354297"><a href="#">G to L</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-288748" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-288748"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/general-motors-gm/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="General Motors (GM)" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/general-motors-gm/" data-subtitle="General Motors is a multinational car manufacturer based in Detroit, Michigan. The company has had a long history which goes back from 1908 when it was founded by William C. Durant. It is also the largest automaker in the USA and one of the largest in the world. The company designs, manufacturers, markets, and distributes vehicles under different brand names such as Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, and Cadillac." data-count="9" data-tid="596" data-term="category">General Motors (GM)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-288749" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-288749"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/gumpert/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Gumpert" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/gumpert/" data-subtitle="Gumpert was a German automotive manufacturer founded by Roland Gumpert in 2004. The company was noted for developing the Gumpert Apollo, a sports car that designed based on Roland Gumpert’s proposal of creating a new generation of sports car that is track ready and street legal at the same time. The company was renamed to Apollo Automobil GmbH after it was acquired by a new owner in 2016." data-count="14" data-tid="667" data-term="category">Gumpert</a></li> <li id="menu-item-288750" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-288750"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/honda/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Honda" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/honda/" data-subtitle="Honda is the second largest and the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world in 2015. The company sells automobiles such as cars, SUV, and light trucks, commercial vehicles, and luxury vehicles under the Acura marque." data-count="126" data-tid="718" data-term="category">Honda</a></li> <li id="menu-item-288751" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-288751"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/hyundai/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Hyundai" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/hyundai/" data-subtitle="Hyundai Motor Company is a South Korean multinational automotive manufacturer which is currently the third largest vehicle manufacturer in the world. The company develops and sells automobiles, luxury cars, commercial vehicles, and engines as well. The company has also ventured into developing and manufacturing hybrid and electric vehicles such as the Hyundai BlueOn and Hyundai Sonata Hybrid." data-count="55" data-tid="1528" data-term="category">Hyundai</a></li> <li id="menu-item-354545" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-354545"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/jaguar/">Jaguar</a></li> <li id="menu-item-288753" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-288753"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/jeep/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Jeep" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/jeep/" data-subtitle="Nobody does offroad like Jeep. Jeep is a division of FCA US LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Italian-American corporation Fiat Chrysler Automobiles. Jeep’s product range consists solely of sport utility vehicles – both crossovers and fully off-road worthy models, including one pickup truck. Previously, Jeep’s range included other pickups, as well as small vans and roadsters." data-count="9" data-tid="1106" data-term="category">Jeep</a></li> <li id="menu-item-354546" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-354546"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/koenigsegg/">Koenigsegg</a></li> <li id="menu-item-354425" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-354425"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/lamborghini/">Lamborghini</a></li> <li id="menu-item-354426" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-354426"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/lotus/">Lotus</a></li> <li id="menu-item-288756" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-288756"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/lexus/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Lexus" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/lexus/" data-subtitle="Lexus is the luxury vehicle division of Toyota. Established in 1989, Lexus began as a simple corporate project with an aim to develop a premium sedan The company also develops performance vehicles which they race at various motorsport events around the worldwide as well as hybrid vehicles and concept cars." data-count="96" data-tid="570" data-term="category">Lexus</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-354298" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children dropper drop-it menu-item-354298"><a href="#">M to P</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-340972" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-340972"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/mclaren/">McLaren</a></li> <li id="menu-item-354080" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-page_cat dropper drop-it menu-item-354080"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/page_cat/mercedes-benz/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Mercedes-Benz" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/page_cat/mercedes-benz/" data-subtitle="" data-count="7" data-tid="5645" data-term="page_cat">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li id="menu-item-288762" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-288762"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/mitsubishi/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Mitsubishi" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/mitsubishi/" data-subtitle="Mitsubishi Motors is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer. It is one of the largest manufacturers of passenger cars, economy cars, and commercial vehicles in the world, all of which are marketed in over 160 countries. The company has also enjoyed tremendous success in the motorsport industry with the help of the legendary Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution which they used to race in multiple World Rally Championships and in other international events as well." data-count="71" data-tid="2201" data-term="category">Mitsubishi</a></li> <li id="menu-item-354547" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-354547"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/maserati/">Maserati</a></li> <li id="menu-item-288759" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-288759"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/mazda/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Mazda" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/mazda/" data-subtitle="Mazda Motor Corporation or simply Mazda is a Japanese vehicle manufacturer which produces automobiles, trucks, and engines. The company traces it origins in 1920 which they started as a machine tools manufacturer before they switched to manufacturing vehicles in 1931. The company has produced a number of different vehicles throughout its long history which includes kei cars, hatchbacks, sedans, sports cars, SUVs, pickup trucks, commercial vehicles, and concept cars" data-count="9" data-tid="356" data-term="category">Mazda</a></li> <li id="menu-item-354548" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-354548"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/nissan/">Nissan</a></li> <li id="menu-item-354549" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-354549"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/pagani/">Pagani</a></li> <li id="menu-item-288765" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-288765"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/peugeot/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Peugeot" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/peugeot/" data-subtitle="Peugeot is a French automotive manufacturer owned by Groupe PSA. The company has produced a number of cars including electric vehicles, luxury cars, sports cars, commercial vehicles, and concept cars. Peugeot is known for producing reliable cars throughout its history with many of its cars from the 1950s and 1960s still running today. The company has also earned numerous international awards for their vehicles such as the Peugeot RCZ which won Peugeot RCZ won the Diesel Car magazine ‘Sports Car of the Year’ five years in a row and the Top Gear 2010 Coupé of the Year." data-count="80" data-tid="577" data-term="category">Peugeot</a></li> <li id="menu-item-288766" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-288766"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/pontiac/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Pontiac" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/pontiac/" data-subtitle="The Pontiac brand was first introduced by General Motors as a companion marque for their Oakland division which produces modestly priced automobiles in 1926. But due to the declining sales of Oakland, Pontiac completely took over it in 1933. Over the years, the brand has produced some really great cars such as the Pontiac GTO which was considered to popularized the trend of muscle cars and their Pontiac Banshee series of concept cars." data-count="83" data-tid="1416" data-term="category">Pontiac</a></li> <li id="menu-item-335897" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-335897"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/porsche/">Porsche</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-354299" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent menu-item-has-children dropper drop-it menu-item-354299"><a href="#">R to Z</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-288768" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-288768"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/radical/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Radical" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/radical/" data-subtitle="Radical Sportscars is a British manufacturer and constructor of racing cars. Radical produce a mix of purpose built race cars which can also be converted into road legal sports cars in certain countries in varying specifications. Their most popular race car was the Radical SR3 which was used to compete in international racing events and their most popular line of road legal sports cars is the RXC which is legal in most countries. The first RXC was unveiled at the 2013 Autosport International auto show and since then it has been available in various configurations." data-count="15" data-tid="1807" data-term="category">Radical</a></li> <li id="menu-item-288769" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-288769"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/renault/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Renault" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/renault/" data-subtitle="With origins that traces from 120 years ago, Renault is one of the largest automakers in the world by production volume. The company is currently part of the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance, making it the world’s largest seller of light vehicles. Renault has produced a great number of vehicles since its inception in 1899. Their products include automobiles, concept cars, electric cars, vans, trucks, tractors, tanks, buses, coaches, autorail vehicles, and aircraft engines. The company is also heavily invested in the motorsport industry under Renault Sport and currently backs the Formula Renault, an entry-level formula racing series." data-count="66" data-tid="1817" data-term="category">Renault</a></li> <li id="menu-item-354550" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-354550"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/rolls-royce/">Rolls-Royce</a></li> <li id="menu-item-288771" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-288771"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/shelby/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Shelby" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/shelby/" data-subtitle="Shelby American is an American automobile manufacturer established by Carroll Shelby in 1962. The company specializes in building and marketing high performance parts and modified cars for individuals. The company, however, was most famous for their successful campaigns in the motorsport industry. Shelby built the Shelby Daytona Coupe which successfully competed in the GT class of the 1964 and 1965 World Sportscar Championship seasons. The car also finished first in class at the 1964 24 Hours of Le Mans and achieved the first title for an American constructor in the World Sportscar Championship in 1965. The company further gained recognition for their partnership with Ford from 1965 to 1967. Shelby assisted Ford in developing the Ford GT40 which clinched the championship at the 1966 24 Hours of Le with a 1-2-3 finish." data-count="133" data-tid="1306" data-term="category">Shelby</a></li> <li id="menu-item-288772" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-288772"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/spyker/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Spyker" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/spyker/" data-subtitle="Spyker Cars is a Dutch sports car marque created in 1999. The marque uses the same brand name, motto and logo from the original Spyker company. The first car produced by Spyker Cars was the Spyker C8 which is available in various variants and configurations. The company declared for bankruptcy in 2014 due to dwindling sales but reverted their bankruptcy declaration in 2015 and still continues to produce sports cars today." data-count="43" data-tid="1846" data-term="category">Spyker</a></li> <li id="menu-item-288773" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-288773"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/tesla/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Tesla" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/tesla/" data-subtitle="Tesla is an American automotive and energy company and is one of the premier manufacturers of plug-in passenger cars in the world. The company currently sells Model S, Model X, and Model 3 cars and is accepting reservations for their upcoming new models the Model Y, Roadster (2020), Cybertruck, and Semi vehicles." data-count="43" data-tid="1665" data-term="category">Tesla</a></li> <li id="menu-item-288774" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-menu-item dropper drop-it menu-item-288774"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/volkswagen/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Volkswagen" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/volkswagen/" data-subtitle="Volkswagen is a German automaker established in 1937. It is also the flagship marque of the Volkswagen Group, the largest automaker in the world. The company was founded by the German Labor Front in 1937 as a manufacturer of people’s cars since most Germans in the 1930s can’t afford cars. Volkswagen translates to “people’s car” in German. Since then, the company has produced a wide variety of vehicles from military vehicles to plug-in hybrid electric vehicles which they sell worldwide." data-count="58" data-tid="180" data-term="category">Volkswagen</a></li> <li id="menu-item-288775" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-288775"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/volvo/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Volvo" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/volvo/" data-subtitle="Volvo Cars is the luxury vehicle brand and a subsidiary of the Chinese automotive company, Geely. The company currently manufactures and markets sport utility vehicles (SUVs), station wagons, sedans and compact executive sedans. In 2019, Volvo announced that they will begin producing fully-electric and hybrid electric vehicles onward" data-count="24" data-tid="204" data-term="category">Volvo</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div></div> </li> <li id="menu-item-392698" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children dropper drop-it mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-392698"><a href="#">Popular Brands</a><div class="menu mm-51 tipi-row mm-51-ppp-4" data-mm="51"><div class="menu-wrap"> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-336699" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children dropper drop-it menu-item-336699"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/porsche/">Porsche</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-336693" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-336693"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/porsche/">Porsche Hub</a></li> <li id="menu-item-346441" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-346441"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/porsche/porsche-news-and-reviews/">Latest Porsche News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-336696" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-336696"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/porsche-model-list/">Porsche Models – All</a></li> <li id="menu-item-346467" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-346467"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/porsche/current-porsche-models/">Porsche Models – Current</a></li> <li id="menu-item-336697" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-336697"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/porsche/porsche-videos/">Porsche Videos</a></li> <li id="menu-item-336698" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-336698"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/porsche/porsche-gallery/">Porsche Galleries</a></li> <li id="menu-item-336700" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-336700"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/porsche/porsche-lists/">Epic Porsche Lists</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-339760" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children dropper drop-it menu-item-339760"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/ferrari/">Ferrari</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-339761" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-339761"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/ferrari/">Ferrari Hub</a></li> <li id="menu-item-346447" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-346447"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/ferrari/ferrari-news-and-reviews/">Latest Ferrari News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-339762" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-339762"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/ferrari-model-list/">Ferrari Models – All</a></li> <li id="menu-item-345977" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-345977"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/ferrari/current-ferrari-models/">Ferrari Models – Current</a></li> <li id="menu-item-339764" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-339764"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/ferrari/ferrari-videos/">Ferrari Videos</a></li> <li id="menu-item-339765" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-339765"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/ferrari/ferrari-gallery/">Ferrari Galleries</a></li> <li id="menu-item-339766" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom dropper drop-it menu-item-339766"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/ferrari/ferrari-lists/">Epic Ferrari Lists</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-346407" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children dropper drop-it menu-item-346407"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/mclaren/">McLaren</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-346410" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-346410"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/mclaren/">McLaren Hub</a></li> <li id="menu-item-346456" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-346456"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/mclaren/mclaren-news-and-reviews/">Latest McLaren News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-346408" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-346408"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/mclaren/mclaren-models/">McLaren Models – All</a></li> <li id="menu-item-346409" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-346409"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/mclaren/current-mclaren-models/">McLaren Models – Current</a></li> <li id="menu-item-346454" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-346454"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/mclaren/mclaren-videos/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="McLaren Videos" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/mclaren/mclaren-videos/" data-subtitle="" data-count="126" data-tid="4665" data-term="category">McLaren Videos</a></li> <li id="menu-item-346453" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-346453"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/mclaren/mclaren-gallery/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="McLaren Gallery" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/mclaren/mclaren-gallery/" data-subtitle="Over the years we’ve compiled hundreds of thousands of McLaren photos. View thousands of detailed photos of McLaren both classic and new. From the first models to the latest McLaren sports cars, we have pictures of all of them. Exterior and interior pics, McLaren event images and press release pictures and even McLaren wallpapers you can download and keep. See latest McLaren car images in high resolution and check out the photo galleries of your favorite McLaren models." data-count="96" data-tid="4999" data-term="category">McLaren Galleries</a></li> <li id="menu-item-346679" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-346679"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/special-lists/best-of-brand/mclaren-lists/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="McLaren Lists" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/special-lists/best-of-brand/mclaren-lists/" data-subtitle="" data-count="7" data-tid="5104" data-term="category">Epic McLaren Lists</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-347954" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children dropper drop-it menu-item-347954"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/lamborghini/">Lambo</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-347959" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-347959"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/lamborghini/">Lamborghini Hub</a></li> <li id="menu-item-347956" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-347956"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/lamborghini/lamborghini-models/">Lamborghini Models – All</a></li> <li id="menu-item-347957" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-347957"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/lamborghini/current-lamborghini-models/">Lamborghini Models: Current</a></li> <li id="menu-item-347962" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-347962"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/lamborghini/lamborghini-videos/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Lamborghini Videos" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/lamborghini/lamborghini-videos/" data-subtitle="" data-count="64" data-tid="5120" data-term="category">Lamborghini Videos</a></li> <li id="menu-item-347961" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-347961"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/lamborghini/lamborghini-gallery/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Lamborghini Gallery" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/lamborghini/lamborghini-gallery/" data-subtitle="Over the years we’ve compiled hundreds of thousands of Lamborghini photos. View thousands of detailed photos of Lamborghini both classic and new. From the first models to the latest Lamborghini sports cars, we have pictures of all of them. Exterior and interior pics, Lamborghini event images and press release pictures and even Lamborghini wallpapers you can download and keep. See latest Lamborghini car images in high resolution and check out the photo galleries of your favorite Lamborghini models." data-count="258" data-tid="5121" data-term="category">Lamborghini Gallery</a></li> <li id="menu-item-347958" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-347958"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/lamborghini/lamborghini-news-and-reviews/">Latest Lamborghini News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-347963" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper drop-it menu-item-347963"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/special-lists/best-of-brand/lamborghini-lists/" class="block-more block-mm-changer block-mm-init block-changer" data-title="Lamborghini Lists" data-url="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/special-lists/best-of-brand/lamborghini-lists/" data-subtitle="" data-count="5" data-tid="4968" data-term="category">Epic Lamborghini Lists</a></li> </ul> </li> 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href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/mercedes-benz/mercedes-amg-current-models/">Mercedes-AMG Lineup</a></li> <li id="menu-item-392749" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-392749"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/pagani/pagani-current-models/">Pagani Lineup</a></li> <li id="menu-item-392751" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-392751"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/porsche/current-porsche-models/">Porsche Lineup</a></li> <li id="menu-item-392754" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-392754"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/new-car-models/">…more New Car Lineups</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-392704" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children dropper drop-it menu-item-392704"><a 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href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/maserati/maserati-model-list/">Maserati Model List</a></li> <li id="menu-item-392768" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-392768"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/mclaren/mclaren-models/">McLaren Models</a></li> <li id="menu-item-392770" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-392770"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/amg/mercedes-amg-model-list/">Mercedes-AMG Model List</a></li> <li id="menu-item-392772" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-392772"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/pagani/pagani-models/">Pagani Models</a></li> <li id="menu-item-392773" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-392773"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/porsche/porsche-model-list/">Porsche Models</a></li> <li id="menu-item-392776" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-392776"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/full-model-list/">…more Car Lineups</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-392701" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children dropper drop-it menu-item-392701"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/full-model-list/">Legacy Models Cont.</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-392757" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-392757"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/bmw/bmw-model-list/">BMW Model List</a></li> <li id="menu-item-392760" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper drop-it menu-item-392760"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/ford/ford-model-list/">Ford 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id="primary" class="content-area"> <div id="contents-wrap" class="contents-wrap standard-archive clearfix"> <header id="block-wrap-180" class="page-header block-title-wrap block-title-wrap-style block-wrap clearfix block-title-1 page-header-skin-0 with-sorter block-title-l tipi-row"><div class="tipi-row-inner-style block-title-wrap-style clearfix"><div class="bg__img-wrap img-bg-wrapper parallax"><div class="bg"></div></div><div class="block-title-wrap clearfix"><div class="filters font-2"><div class="block-subcats-wrap sorter" tabindex="-1"><span class="current-sorter current"><span class="current-sorter-txt current-txt">All<i class="tipi-i-chevron-down"></i></span></span><ul class="options"><li><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/volkswagen/volkswagen-gallery/" class="block-subcat">Volkswagen Gallery</a></li><li><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/volkswagen/volkswagen-w12/" class="block-subcat">Volkswagen W12</a></li></ul></div><div class="archive-sorter sorter" data-tid="180" tabindex="-1"><span class="current-sorter current"><span class="current-sorter-txt current-txt">Latest<i class="tipi-i-chevron-down"></i></span></span><ul class="options"><li><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/volkswagen/?filtered=latest" data-type="latest">Latest</a></li><li><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/volkswagen/?filtered=oldest" data-type="oldest">Oldest</a></li><li><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/volkswagen/?filtered=random" data-type="random">Random</a></li><li><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/volkswagen/?filtered=atoz" data-type="atoz">A to Z</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="block-title-area clearfix"><h1 class="page-title block-title">Volkswagen</h1><div class="taxonomy-description block-subtitle font-1"><p>Volkswagen is a German automaker established in 1937. It is also the flagship marque of the Volkswagen Group, the largest automaker in the world. The company was founded by the German Labor Front in 1937 as a manufacturer of people’s cars since most Germans in the 1930s can’t afford cars. Volkswagen translates to “people’s car” in German. Since then, the company has produced a wide variety of vehicles from military vehicles to plug-in hybrid electric vehicles which they sell worldwide.</p> </div></div></div></div></header> <div class="tipi-row content-bg clearfix"> <div class="tipi-cols clearfix sticky--wrap"> <main class="main tipi-xs-12 main-block-wrap clearfix tipi-col"> <div id="block-wrap-0" class="block-wrap-native block-wrap block-wrap-61 block-css-0 block-wrap-classic block-wrap-no-1 columns__m--1 elements-design-1 block-skin-0 tipi-box ppl-m-3 ppl-s-3 clearfix" data-id="0" data-base="0"><div class="tipi-row-inner-style clearfix"><div class="tipi-row-inner-box contents sticky--wrap"><div class="block block-61 tipi-flex preview-review-bot"><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo stack-1 stack-design-2 separation-border separation-border-style loop-0 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-61 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base 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src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20391%20261'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 zeen-lazy-load-base zeen-lazy-load wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/photos_volkswagen_w12_2001_6-391x261.jpg 391w, https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/photos_volkswagen_w12_2001_6-360x240.jpg 360w, https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/photos_volkswagen_w12_2001_6-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/photos_volkswagen_w12_2001_6-791x527.jpg 791w, https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/photos_volkswagen_w12_2001_6-1176x784.jpg 1176w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 391px) 100vw, 391px" data-lazy-src="https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/photos_volkswagen_w12_2001_6-391x261.jpg" /><noscript><img width="391" height="261" src="https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/photos_volkswagen_w12_2001_6-391x261.jpg" class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 zeen-lazy-load-base zeen-lazy-load wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/photos_volkswagen_w12_2001_6-391x261.jpg 391w, https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/photos_volkswagen_w12_2001_6-360x240.jpg 360w, https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/photos_volkswagen_w12_2001_6-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/photos_volkswagen_w12_2001_6-791x527.jpg 791w, https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/photos_volkswagen_w12_2001_6-1176x784.jpg 1176w" sizes="(max-width: 391px) 100vw, 391px" loading="lazy" /></noscript></a></div><div class="meta"><div class="byline byline-2"><span class="byline-part author-avatar flipboard-author with-name"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/author/marklc/" class="author-avatar"><img data-del="avatar" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2030%2030'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-30 photo ' height='30' width='30' data-lazy-src="https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Screenshot-2017-10-04-12.04.34-100x97.png"/><noscript><img data-del="avatar" src='https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Screenshot-2017-10-04-12.04.34-100x97.png' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-30 photo ' height='30' width='30'/></noscript></a></span><span class="byline-part author"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/author/marklc/">Mark Leofe Capayas</a></span></div><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/weird-wheels-of-the-day-volkswagen-w12-concept/">Weird Wheels Of The Day: Volkswagen W12 Concept</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">Before the Bugatti Veyron, there was the stunning W12 concept car from the Volkswagen which was the first full-blown supercar... <div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more" href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/weird-wheels-of-the-day-volkswagen-w12-concept/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo stack-1 stack-design-2 separation-border separation-border-style loop-1 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-61 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-449638 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-volkswagen category-bmw category-audi category-mercedes tag-amg tag-audi tag-bmw tag-mercedes tag-volkswagen tag-vw" style="--animation-order:1"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a 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width='30'/></noscript></a></span><span class="byline-part author"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/author/johan/">Mark Smeyers</a></span></div><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/500-hp-on-a-budget/">500 hp on a budget?</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">Remember the term ‘hot hatch’? Yes, we’re talking about relatively small cars, usually a three or five-door configuration, you know,... <div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more" href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/500-hp-on-a-budget/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo stack-1 stack-design-2 separation-border separation-border-style loop-2 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-61 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 elements-design-1 post-408090 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-motorsport-racing category-the-icons category-concept category-news category-volkswagen tag-volkswagen tag-volkswagen-w12 tag-volkswagen-w12-nardo tag-w12-concept-coupe" style="--animation-order:2"><div class="preview-mini-wrap clearfix"><div class="mask"><a 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width='30'/></noscript></a></span><span class="byline-part author"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/author/supercars/">Nick D</a></span></div><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/2007-volkswagen-passat-r36/">2007 Volkswagen Passat R36</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">2007 Volkswagen Passat R36 Volkswagen is set to release its most potent R model yet the Passat R36. 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data-del="avatar" src='https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/1990-Ferrari-F40-4-293x293.jpg' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-30 photo ' height='30' width='30'/></noscript></a></span><span class="byline-part author"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/author/supercars/">Nick D</a></span></div><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/2010-volkswagen-golf-r/">2010 Volkswagen Golf R</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">2010 Volkswagen Golf R The most powerful and fastest-accelerating Golf ever produced – the Golf R – has been unveiled... <div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more" href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/2010-volkswagen-golf-r/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo stack-1 stack-design-2 separation-border separation-border-style 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class="mask-img"><img width="370" height="247" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20370%20247'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-zeen-370-247 size-zeen-370-247 zeen-lazy-load-base zeen-lazy-load wp-post-image" alt="2014 Volkswagen Golf R" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/2014_Volkswagen_GolfR-0-1024-370x247.jpg 370w, https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/2014_Volkswagen_GolfR-0-1024-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/2014_Volkswagen_GolfR-0-1024-100x67.jpg 100w, https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/2014_Volkswagen_GolfR-0-1024-770x514.jpg 770w, https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/2014_Volkswagen_GolfR-0-1024-360x240.jpg 360w, https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/2014_Volkswagen_GolfR-0-1024-293x195.jpg 293w, 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src='https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/1990-Ferrari-F40-4-293x293.jpg' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-30 photo ' height='30' width='30'/></noscript></a></span><span class="byline-part author"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/author/supercars/">Nick D</a></span></div><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/2014-volkswagen-golf-r/">2014 Volkswagen Golf R</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">Volkswagen has released the first details of its powerful new Volkswagen Golf R, which is set to take to the... <div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more" href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/2014-volkswagen-golf-r/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo stack-1 stack-design-2 separation-border separation-border-style loop-44 preview-classic 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data-lazy-src="https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/1990-Ferrari-F40-4-293x293.jpg"/><noscript><img data-del="avatar" src='https://www.supercars.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/1990-Ferrari-F40-4-293x293.jpg' class='avatar pp-user-avatar avatar-30 photo ' height='30' width='30'/></noscript></a></span><span class="byline-part author"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/author/supercars/">Nick D</a></span></div><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/2003-volkswagen-golf-gti-concept/">2003 Volkswagen Golf GTI Concept</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">2003 Volkswagen Golf GTI Concept Golf GTI is considered to be the icon of sporty compact vehicles. 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width='30'/></noscript></a></span><span class="byline-part author"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/author/supercars/">Nick D</a></span></div><div class="title-wrap"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/2012-volkswagen-golf-gti-cabriolet/">2012 Volkswagen Golf GTI Cabriolet</a></h3></div><div class="excerpt body-color excerpt__with__read_more">2012 Volkswagen Golf GTI Cabriolet Wolfsburg / Geneva, 29 February 2012 – Exactly one year ago, Volkswagen presented the new... <div class="read-more-wrap font-3"><a class="read-more" href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/2012-volkswagen-golf-gti-cabriolet/">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></article><article class="tipi-xs-12 elements-location-1 clearfix with-fi ani-base article-ani article-ani-1 tipi-s-typo stack-1 stack-design-2 separation-border separation-border-style loop-46 preview-classic preview__img-shape-l preview-61 img-ani-base img-ani-1 img-color-hover-base img-color-hover-1 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menu-item-346679"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/special-lists/best-of-brand/mclaren-lists/">Epic McLaren Lists</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children dropper standard-drop menu-item-347954"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/lamborghini/">Lambo</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper standard-drop menu-item-347959"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/lamborghini/">Lamborghini Hub</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper standard-drop menu-item-347956"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/lamborghini/lamborghini-models/">Lamborghini Models – All</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper standard-drop menu-item-347957"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/lamborghini/current-lamborghini-models/">Lamborghini Models: Current</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-347962"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/lamborghini/lamborghini-videos/">Lamborghini Videos</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-347961"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/brand/lamborghini/lamborghini-gallery/">Lamborghini Gallery</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper standard-drop menu-item-347958"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/all-brands/lamborghini/lamborghini-news-and-reviews/">Latest Lamborghini News</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category dropper standard-drop menu-item-347963"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/category/special-lists/best-of-brand/lamborghini-lists/">Epic Lamborghini Lists</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children dropper standard-drop mm-art mm-wrap-51 mm-wrap menu-item-392697"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/research-hub/">Research</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children dropper standard-drop menu-item-392703"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/cars-by-decade/">Cars by Decade</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper standard-drop menu-item-392714"><a href="https://www.supercars.net/blog/cars-by-decade/1900s-cars/">1900s Cars</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page dropper standard-drop menu-item-392715"><a 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decodeURIComponent(i)}return null}_readFromLocalStorage(e){const t=window.localStorage.getItem(e);if(!t)return null;try{const n=JSON.parse(t),s=n.expires&&(new Date).getTime()>new Date(n.expires).getTime();if(n.resetOnRead&&n.expires&&!s){const t=this._resetExpiry(n);var i;return window.localStorage.setItem(e,JSON.stringify(n)),null!=(i=t.value)?i:t}if(s)return window.localStorage.removeItem(e),null;if(!n.value)return n;try{return JSON.parse(n.value)}catch(e){return n.value}}catch(e){return t}}_setCookieValue(e,t,i,n){try{if(this._gdpr&&this._shouldQueue){const n={key:t,value:i,type:e};this._cookieHandlerQueue.push(n)}else{var s;const e=this._getExpiryDate(null!=(s=null==n?void 0:n.expiry)?s:{value:400,unit:"days"});var o;const a=null!=(o=null==n?void 0:n.sameSite)?o:"None";var r;const l=null==(r=null==n?void 0:n.secure)||r,c="object"==typeof i?JSON.stringify(i):i;document.cookie=`${t}=${c}; SameSite=${a}; ${l?"Secure;":""} expires=${e}; path=/`}}catch(e){}}_verifyInternalKey(e){const t=e.startsWith("adthrive_"),i=e.startsWith("adt_");if(!t&&!i&&!_e.includes(e))throw new Error('When reading an internal cookie, the key must start with "adthrive_" or "adt_" or be part of the allowed legacy keys.')}constructor(...e){super(...e),this.name="BrowserStorage",this.disable=!1,this.gdprPurposes=[1],this._sessionStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._localStorageHandlerQueue=[],this._cookieHandlerQueue=[],this._shouldQueue=!1}},ye=e=>null!=e&&!("number"==typeof e&&isNaN(e)),fe=(t,i,n,s,o=!0)=>{const r="adthrive_abgroup",a=ge.readInternalLocalStorage(r);if(null!==a){const e=a[t];var l;const i=null!=(l=a[`${t}_weight`])?l:null;if(ye(e))return[e,i]}const c=e({},a,{[t]:i,[`${t}_weight`]:n});return s?ge.setExpirableInternalLocalStorage(r,c,{expiry:s,resetOnRead:o}):ge.setInternalLocalStorage(r,c),[i,n]},ve=()=>(e,t,i)=>{const n=i.value;n&&(i.value=function(...e){const t=(e=>{if(null===e)return null;const t=e.map((({choice:e})=>e));return(e=>{let t=5381,i=e.length;for(;i;)t=33*t^e.charCodeAt(--i);return t>>>0})(JSON.stringify(t)).toString(16)})(this._choices),i=this._expConfigABGroup?this._expConfigABGroup:this.abgroup,s=i?i.toLowerCase():this.key?this.key.toLowerCase():"",o=t?`${s}_${t}`:s,r=this.localStoragePrefix?`${this.localStoragePrefix}-${o}`:o,a=k.getLocalStorageValue("branch");!1===(a&&a.enabled)&&k.removeLocalStorageValue(r);const l=(()=>n.apply(this,e))(),c=(d=this._choices,h=l,null!=(p=null==(u=d.find((({choice:e})=>e===h)))?void 0:u.weight)?p:null);var d,h,u,p;const[m,_]=fe(r,l,c,{value:24,unit:"hours"});return this._stickyResult=m,this._stickyWeight=_,m})};class Se{get enabled(){return void 0!==this.experimentConfig}_isValidResult(e,t=()=>!0){return t()&&ye(e)}}class be extends Se{_isValidResult(e){return super._isValidResult(e,(()=>this._resultValidator(e)||"control"===e))}run(){if(!this.enabled)return C.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. 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Defaulting to empty class name."),"")}_mapChoices(){return this._choices.map((({weight:e,value:t})=>({weight:e,choice:t})))}constructor(e){super(),this._choices=[],this._mappedChoices=[],this._result="",this._resultValidator=e=>"string"==typeof e,this.key=c.AdLayout,this.abgroup=c.AdLayout,this._clsSiteExperiments=new Ce(e),this.experimentConfig=this._clsSiteExperiments.getSiteExperimentByKey(this.key),this.enabled&&this.experimentConfig&&(this._choices=this.experimentConfig.variants,this._mappedChoices=this._mapChoices(),this._result=this.run(),e.setWeightedChoiceExperiment(this.abgroup,this._result,!0))}}Q([ve(),K("design:type",Function),K("design:paramtypes",[]),K("design:returntype",void 0)],we.prototype,"run",null);class Oe extends be{get result(){return this._result}run(){if(!this.enabled)return C.error("CLSTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to control."),"control";const e=new pe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(C.error("CLSTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to control."),"control")}_mapChoices(){return this._choices.map((({weight:e,value:t})=>({weight:e,choice:"number"==typeof t?(t||0)/100:"control"})))}constructor(e){super(),this._choices=[],this._mappedChoices=[],this._result="control",this._resultValidator=e=>"number"==typeof e,this.key=c.AdDensity,this.abgroup=c.AdDensity,this._clsSiteExperiments=new Ce(e),this.experimentConfig=this._clsSiteExperiments.getSiteExperimentByKey(this.key),this.enabled&&this.experimentConfig&&(this._choices=this.experimentConfig.variants,this._mappedChoices=this._mapChoices(),this._result=this.run(),e.setWeightedChoiceExperiment(this.abgroup,this._result,!0))}}Q([ve(),K("design:type",Function),K("design:paramtypes",[]),K("design:returntype",void 0)],Oe.prototype,"run",null);class xe extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(this.weight).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this.abgroup="scae",this.key="StickyContainerAds",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=.99,this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}xe=Q([X("StickyContainerAdsExperiment"),K("design:type",Function),K("design:paramtypes",[])],xe);class Ae extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(this.weight).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this.abgroup="scre",this.key="StickyContainerRecipe",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=.99,this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}Ae=Q([X("StickyContainerRecipeExperiment"),K("design:type",Function),K("design:paramtypes",[])],Ae);const Ee="250px";class Pe{start(){try{var e,t;(e=>{const t=document.body,i=`adthrive-device-${e}`;if(!t.classList.contains(i))try{t.classList.add(i)}catch(e){C.error("BodyDeviceClassComponent","init",{message:e.message});const t="classList"in document.createElement("_");C.error("BodyDeviceClassComponent","init.support",{support:t})}})(this._device);const s=new we(this._clsOptions);if(s.enabled){const e=s.result,t=e.startsWith(".")?e.substring(1):e;if((e=>/^[-_a-zA-Z]+[-_a-zA-Z0-9]*$/.test(e))(t))try{document.body.classList.add(t)}catch(e){C.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",`Uncaught CSS Class error: ${e}`)}else C.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",`Invalid class name: ${t}`)}const o=oe(this._device,this._clsOptions.siteAds).filter((e=>this._locationEnabled(e))).filter((e=>{return t=e,i=this._device,t.devices.includes(i);var t,i})).filter((e=>{return 0===(t=e).pageSelector.length||null!==document.querySelector(t.pageSelector);var t})),r=this.inject(o);var i,n;if(null==(t=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(e=t.content)?void 0:e.enabled)if(this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment.result&&!he(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig.blockedSelectors||[]))de(`\n .adthrive-device-phone .adthrive-sticky-content {\n height: 450px !important;\n margin-bottom: 100px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-content.adthrive-sticky {\n position: -webkit-sticky;\n position: sticky !important;\n top: 42px !important;\n margin-top: 42px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-content.adthrive-sticky:after {\n content: "— Advertisement. Scroll down to continue. —";\n font-size: 10pt;\n margin-top: 5px;\n margin-bottom: 5px;\n display:block;\n color: #888;\n }\n .adthrive-sticky-container {\n position: relative;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n justify-content: flex-start;\n align-items: center;\n min-height:${(null==(n=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(i=n.content)?void 0:i.minHeight)||400}px !important;\n margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\n background-color: #FAFAFA;\n padding-bottom:0px;\n }\n `);r.forEach((e=>this._clsOptions.setInjectedSlots(e)))}catch(e){C.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",e)}}inject(e,t=document){this._densityDevice="desktop"===this._device?h.Desktop:h.Mobile,this._overrideDefaultAdDensitySettingsWithSiteExperiment();const i=this._clsOptions.siteAds,n=w(i.adDensityEnabled,!0),s=i.adDensityLayout&&n,o=e.filter((e=>s?e.location!==d.Content:e)),r=e.filter((e=>s?e.location===d.Content:null));return[...o.length?this._injectNonDensitySlots(o,t):[],...r.length?this._injectDensitySlots(r,t):[]]}_injectNonDensitySlots(e,t=document){var i;const n=[],s=[];if(this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment.result&&e.some((e=>e.location===d.Recipe&&e.sticky))&&!he((null==(i=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)?void 0:i.blockedSelectors)||[])){var o,r;const e=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig;(e=>{de(`\n .adthrive-recipe.adthrive-sticky {\n position: -webkit-sticky;\n position: sticky !important;\n top: 42px !important;\n margin-top: 42px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-recipe-sticky-container {\n position: relative;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n justify-content: flex-start;\n align-items: center;\n min-height:${e||400}px !important;\n margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\n background-color: #FAFAFA;\n padding-bottom:0px;\n }\n `)})("phone"===this._device?null==e||null==(o=e.recipeMobile)?void 0:o.minHeight:null==e||null==(r=e.recipeDesktop)?void 0:r.minHeight)}for(const i of e)this._insertNonDensityAds(i,n,s,t);return s.forEach((({location:e,element:t})=>{t.style.minHeight=this.locationToMinHeight[e]})),n}_injectDensitySlots(e,t=document){try{this._calculateMainContentHeightAndAllElements(e,t)}catch(e){return[]}const{onePerViewport:i,targetAll:n,targetDensityUnits:s,combinedMax:o,numberOfUnits:r}=this._getDensitySettings(e,t);return this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice=i?window.innerHeight:this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice,r?(this._adInjectionMap.filterUsed(),this._findElementsForAds(r,i,n,o,s,t),this._insertAds()):[]}_overrideDefaultAdDensitySettingsWithSiteExperiment(){var e;if(null==(e=this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment)?void 0:e.enabled){const e=this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment.result;"number"==typeof e&&(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityEnabled=!0,this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityLayout[this._densityDevice].adDensity=e)}}_getDensitySettings(e,t=document){const i=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityLayout,n=this._determineOverrides(i.pageOverrides),s=n.length?n[0]:i[this._densityDevice],o=this._clsOptions.getTargetDensity(s.adDensity),r=s.onePerViewport,a=this._shouldTargetAllEligible(o),l=this._getTargetDensityUnits(o,a),c=this._getCombinedMax(e,t),d=Math.min(this._totalAvailableElements.length,l,...c>0?[c]:[]);return this._pubLog={onePerViewport:r,targetDensity:o,targetDensityUnits:l,combinedMax:c},{onePerViewport:r,targetAll:a,targetDensityUnits:l,combinedMax:c,numberOfUnits:d}}_determineOverrides(e){return e.filter((e=>{const t=R(e.pageSelector);return""===e.pageSelector||t.elements&&t.elements.length})).map((e=>e[this._densityDevice]))}_shouldTargetAllEligible(e){return e===this._densityMax}_getTargetDensityUnits(e,t){return t?this._totalAvailableElements.length:Math.floor(e*this._mainContentHeight/(1-e)/this._minDivHeight)-this._recipeCount}_getCombinedMax(e,t=document){return w(e.filter((e=>{let i;try{i=t.querySelector(e.elementSelector)}catch(e){}return i})).map((e=>Number(e.max)+Number(e.lazyMaxDefaulted?0:e.lazyMax))).sort(((e,t)=>t-e))[0],0)}_elementLargerThanMainContent(e){return e.offsetHeight>=this._mainContentHeight&&this._totalAvailableElements.length>1}_elementDisplayNone(e){const t=window.getComputedStyle(e,null).display;return t&&"none"===t||"none"===e.style.display}_isBelowMaxes(e,t){return this._adInjectionMap.map.length<e&&this._adInjectionMap.map.length<t}_findElementsForAds(e,t,i,n,s,o=document){this._clsOptions.targetDensityLog={onePerViewport:t,combinedMax:n,targetDensityUnits:s,targetDensityPercentage:this._pubLog.targetDensity,mainContentHeight:this._mainContentHeight,recipeCount:this._recipeCount,numberOfEls:this._totalAvailableElements.length};const r=e=>{for(const{dynamicAd:t,element:r}of this._totalAvailableElements)if(this._logDensityInfo(r,t.elementSelector,e),!(!i&&this._elementLargerThanMainContent(r)||this._elementDisplayNone(r))){if(!this._isBelowMaxes(n,s))break;this._checkElementSpacing({dynamicAd:t,element:r,insertEvery:e,targetAll:i,target:o})}!this._usedAbsoluteMinimum&&this._smallerIncrementAttempts<5&&(++this._smallerIncrementAttempts,r(this._getSmallerIncrement(e)))},a=this._getInsertEvery(e,t,s);r(a)}_getSmallerIncrement(e){let t=.6*e;return t<=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice&&(t=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice,this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!0),t}_insertNonDensityAds(e,t,i,n=document){let s=0,o=0,r=0;e.spacing>0&&(s=window.innerHeight*e.spacing,o=s);const a=this._repeatDynamicAds(e),l=this.getElements(e.elementSelector,n);e.skip;for(let c=e.skip;c<l.length&&!(r+1>a.length);c+=e.every){let h=l[c];if(s>0){const{bottom:e}=O(h);if(e<=o)continue;o=e+s}const u=a[r],p=`${u.location}_${u.sequence}`;t.some((e=>e.name===p))&&(r+=1);const m=this.getDynamicElementId(u),_=le(e),g=ce(e),y=[e.location===d.Sidebar&&e.sticky&&e.sequence&&e.sequence<=5?"adthrive-sticky-sidebar":"",this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment.result&&e.location===d.Recipe&&e.sticky?"adthrive-recipe-sticky-container":"",_,g,...e.classNames],f=this.addAd(h,m,e.position,y);if(f){const s=re(u,f);if(s.length){const o={clsDynamicAd:e,dynamicAd:u,element:f,sizes:s,name:p,infinite:n!==document};t.push(o),i.push({location:u.location,element:f}),e.location===d.Recipe&&++this._recipeCount,r+=1}h=f}}}_insertAds(){const e=[];return this._adInjectionMap.filterUsed(),this._adInjectionMap.map.forEach((({el:t,dynamicAd:i,target:n},s)=>{const o=Number(i.sequence)+s,r=i.max,a=i.lazy&&o>r;i.sequence=o,i.lazy=a;const l=this._addContentAd(t,i,n);l&&(i.used=!0,e.push(l))})),e}_getInsertEvery(e,t,i){let n=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice;return this._moreAvailableElementsThanUnitsToInject(i,e)?(this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!1,n=this._useWiderSpacing(i,e)):(this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!0,n=this._useSmallestSpacing(t)),t&&window.innerHeight>n?window.innerHeight:n}_useWiderSpacing(e,t){return this._mainContentHeight/Math.min(e,t)}_useSmallestSpacing(e){return e&&window.innerHeight>this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice?window.innerHeight:this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice}_moreAvailableElementsThanUnitsToInject(e,t){return this._totalAvailableElements.length>e||this._totalAvailableElements.length>t}_logDensityInfo(e,t,i){const{onePerViewport:n,targetDensity:s,targetDensityUnits:o,combinedMax:r}=this._pubLog;this._totalAvailableElements.length}_checkElementSpacing({dynamicAd:t,element:i,insertEvery:n,targetAll:s,target:o=document}){(this._isFirstAdInjected()||this._hasProperSpacing(i,t,s,n))&&this._markSpotForContentAd(i,e({},t),o)}_isFirstAdInjected(){return!this._adInjectionMap.map.length}_markSpotForContentAd(e,t,i=document){const n="beforebegin"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position;this._adInjectionMap.add(e,this._getElementCoords(e,n),t,i),this._adInjectionMap.sort()}_hasProperSpacing(e,t,i,n){const s="beforebegin"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position,o="beforeend"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position,r=i||this._isElementFarEnoughFromOtherAdElements(e,n,s),a=o||this._isElementNotInRow(e,s),l=-1===e.id.indexOf(`AdThrive_${d.Below_Post}`);return r&&a&&l}_isElementFarEnoughFromOtherAdElements(e,t,i){const n=this._getElementCoords(e,i);let s=!1;for(let e=0;e<this._adInjectionMap.map.length;e++){const i=this._adInjectionMap.map[e].coords,o=this._adInjectionMap.map[e+1]&&this._adInjectionMap.map[e+1].coords;if(s=n-t>i&&(!o||n+t<o),s)break}return s}_isElementNotInRow(e,t){const i=e.previousElementSibling,n=e.nextElementSibling,s=t?!i&&n||i&&e.tagName!==i.tagName?n:i:n;return!(!s||0!==e.getBoundingClientRect().height)||(!s||e.getBoundingClientRect().top!==s.getBoundingClientRect().top)}_calculateMainContentHeightAndAllElements(e,t=document){const[i,n]=((e,t,i=document)=>{const[n,s]=P(e,t,i);if(0===n.length)throw Error("No Main Content Elements Found");return[Array.from(n).reduce(((e,t)=>t.offsetHeight>e.offsetHeight?t:e))||document.body,s]})(e,this._adInjectionMap,t);this._mainContentDiv=i,this._totalAvailableElements=n,this._mainContentHeight=((e,t="div #comments, section .comments")=>{const i=e.querySelector(t);return i?e.offsetHeight-i.offsetHeight:e.offsetHeight})(this._mainContentDiv)}_getElementCoords(e,t=!1){const i=e.getBoundingClientRect();return(t?i.top:i.bottom)+window.scrollY}_addContentAd(e,t,i=document){var n,s;let o=null;const r=le(t),a=ce(t),l=(null==(s=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(n=s.content)?void 0:n.enabled)&&this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment.result?"adthrive-sticky-container":"",c=this.addAd(e,this.getDynamicElementId(t),t.position,[l,r,a,...t.classNames]);if(c){const e=re(t,c);if(e.length){c.style.minHeight=this.locationToMinHeight[t.location];o={clsDynamicAd:t,dynamicAd:t,element:c,sizes:e,name:`${t.location}_${t.sequence}`,infinite:i!==document}}}return o}getDynamicElementId(e){return`AdThrive_${e.location}_${e.sequence}_${this._device}`}getElements(e,t=document){return t.querySelectorAll(e)}addAd(e,t,i,n=[]){if(!document.getElementById(t)){const s=`<div id="${t}" class="adthrive-ad ${n.join(" ")}"></div>`;e.insertAdjacentHTML(i,s)}return document.getElementById(t)}_repeatDynamicAds(t){const i=[],n=this._removeRecipeCapExperiment.result&&t.location===d.Recipe?99:this.locationMaxLazySequence.get(t.location),s=t.lazy?w(n,0):0,o=t.max,r=t.lazyMax,a=0===s&&t.lazy?o+r:Math.min(Math.max(s-t.sequence+1,0),o+r),l=Math.max(o,a);for(let n=0;n<l;n++){const s=Number(t.sequence)+n;if("Recipe_1"!==t.name||5!==s){const r=t.lazy&&n>=o;i.push(e({},t,{sequence:s,lazy:r}))}}return i}_locationEnabled(e){const t=this._clsOptions.enabledLocations.includes(e.location),i=this._clsOptions.disableAds&&this._clsOptions.disableAds.all||document.body.classList.contains("adthrive-disable-all"),n=!document.body.classList.contains("adthrive-disable-content")&&!this._clsOptions.disableAds.reasons.has("content_plugin");return t&&!i&&n}constructor(e,t){this._clsOptions=e,this._adInjectionMap=t,this._recipeCount=0,this._mainContentHeight=0,this._mainContentDiv=null,this._totalAvailableElements=[],this._minDivHeight=250,this._densityDevice=h.Desktop,this._pubLog={onePerViewport:!1,targetDensity:0,targetDensityUnits:0,combinedMax:0},this._densityMax=.99,this._smallerIncrementAttempts=0,this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice=250,this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!1,this._infPageEndOffset=0,this.locationMaxLazySequence=new Map([[d.Recipe,5]]),this.locationToMinHeight={Below_Post:Ee,Content:Ee,Recipe:Ee,Sidebar:Ee};const{tablet:i,desktop:n}=this._clsOptions.siteAds.breakpoints;this._device=((e,t)=>{const i=window.innerWidth;return i>=t?"desktop":i>=e?"tablet":"phone"})(i,n),this._config=new ae(e),this._clsOptions.enabledLocations=this._config.enabledLocations,this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment=this._clsOptions.siteAds.siteExperiments?new Oe(this._clsOptions):null,this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment=new xe,this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment=new Ae,this._removeRecipeCapExperiment=new ue}}function ke(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var i,n,s={},o=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)i=o[n],t.indexOf(i)>=0||(s[i]=e[i]);return s}class De{get enabled(){return!0}}class Ie extends De{setPotentialPlayersMap(){const e=this._videoConfig.players||[],t=this._filterPlayerMap(),i=e.filter((e=>"stationaryRelated"===e.type&&e.enabled));return t.stationaryRelated=i,this._potentialPlayerMap=t,this._potentialPlayerMap}_filterPlayerMap(){const e=this._videoConfig.players,t={stickyRelated:[],stickyPlaylist:[],stationaryRelated:[]};return e&&e.length?e.filter((e=>{var t;return null==(t=e.devices)?void 0:t.includes(this._device)})).reduce(((e,t)=>(e[t.type]||(C.event(this._component,"constructor","Unknown Video Player Type detected",t.type),e[t.type]=[]),t.enabled&&e[t.type].push(t),e)),t):t}_checkPlayerSelectorOnPage(e){const t=this._potentialPlayerMap[e].map((e=>({player:e,playerElement:this._getPlacementElement(e)})));return t.length?t[0]:{player:null,playerElement:null}}_getOverrideElement(e,t,i){if(e&&t){const n=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,n),i=n}else{const{player:e,playerElement:t}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyPlaylist");if(e&&t){const n=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,n),i=n}}return i}_shouldOverrideElement(e){const t=e.getAttribute("override-embed");return"true"===t||"false"===t?"true"===t:!!this._videoConfig.relatedSettings&&this._videoConfig.relatedSettings.overrideEmbedLocation}_checkPageSelector(e,t,i=[]){if(e&&t&&0===i.length){return!("/"===window.location.pathname)&&C.event("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`PSNF: ${e} does not exist on the page`)),!1}return!0}_getElementSelector(e,t,i){return t&&t.length>i?t[i]:(C.event("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`ESNF: ${e} does not exist on the page`)),null)}_getPlacementElement(e){const{pageSelector:t,elementSelector:i,skip:n}=e,s=R(t),{valid:o,elements:r}=s,a=ke(s,["valid","elements"]),l=I(i),{valid:c,elements:d}=l,h=ke(l,["valid","elements"]);if(""!==t&&!o)return C.error("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`${t} is not a valid selector`),a),null;if(!c)return C.error("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`${i} is not a valid selector`),h),null;if(!this._checkPageSelector(t,o,r))return null;return this._getElementSelector(i,d,n)||null}_getEmbeddedPlayerType(e){let t=e.getAttribute("data-player-type");return t&&"default"!==t||(t=this._videoConfig.relatedSettings?this._videoConfig.relatedSettings.defaultPlayerType:"static"),this._stickyRelatedOnPage&&(t="static"),t}_getMediaId(e){const t=e.getAttribute("data-video-id");return!!t&&(this._relatedMediaIds.push(t),t)}_createRelatedPlayer(e,t,i,n){"collapse"===t?this._createCollapsePlayer(e,i):"static"===t&&this._createStaticPlayer(e,i,n)}_createCollapsePlayer(t,i){const{player:n,playerElement:s}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyRelated"),o=n||this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0];if(o&&o.playerId){this._shouldOverrideElement(i)&&(i=this._getOverrideElement(n,s,i)),i=document.querySelector(`#cls-video-container-${t} > div`)||i,this._createStickyRelatedPlayer(e({},o,{mediaId:t}),i)}else C.error(this._component,"_createCollapsePlayer","No video player found")}_createStaticPlayer(t,i,n){if(this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated.length&&this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0].playerId){const s=this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0];this._createStationaryRelatedPlayer(e({},s,{mediaOrPlaylistId:t}),i,n)}else C.error(this._component,"_createStaticPlayer","No video player found")}_shouldRunAutoplayPlayers(){return!(!this._isVideoAllowedOnPage()||!this._potentialPlayerMap.stickyRelated.length&&!this._potentialPlayerMap.stickyPlaylist.length)}_determineAutoplayPlayers(){const e=this._component,t="VideoManagerComponent"===e,i=this._context;if(this._stickyRelatedOnPage)return void C.event(e,"stickyRelatedOnPage",t&&{device:i&&i.device,isDesktop:this._device}||{});const{player:n,playerElement:s}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyPlaylist");n&&n.playerId&&n.playlistId&&s?this._createPlaylistPlayer(n,s):Math.random()<.01&&setTimeout((()=>{C.event(e,"noStickyPlaylist",t&&{vendor:"none",device:i&&i.device,isDesktop:this._device}||{})}),1e3)}_initializeRelatedPlayers(e){const t=new Map;for(let i=0;i<e.length;i++){const n=e[i],s=n.offsetParent,o=this._getEmbeddedPlayerType(n),r=this._getMediaId(n);if(s&&r){const e=(t.get(r)||0)+1;t.set(r,e),this._createRelatedPlayer(r,o,n,e)}}}constructor(e,t,i){super(),this._videoConfig=e,this._component=t,this._context=i,this._stickyRelatedOnPage=!1,this._relatedMediaIds=[],this._device=A()?"desktop":"mobile",this._potentialPlayerMap=this.setPotentialPlayersMap()}}class Re extends Ie{init(){this._initializePlayers()}_wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(e,t,i=0){if(e.parentNode){const n=e.offsetWidth*(9/16),s=this._createGenericCLSWrapper(n,t,i);return e.parentNode.insertBefore(s,e),s.appendChild(e),s}return null}_createGenericCLSWrapper(e,t,i){const n=document.createElement("div");return n.id=`cls-video-container-${t}`,n.className="adthrive",n.style.minHeight=`${e+i}px`,n}_getTitleHeight(){const e=document.createElement("h3");e.style.margin="10px 0",e.innerText="Title",e.style.visibility="hidden",document.body.appendChild(e);const t=window.getComputedStyle(e),i=parseInt(t.height,10),n=parseInt(t.marginTop,10),s=parseInt(t.marginBottom,10);return document.body.removeChild(e),Math.min(i+s+n,50)}_initializePlayers(){const e=document.querySelectorAll(this._IN_POST_SELECTOR);e.length&&this._initializeRelatedPlayers(e),this._shouldRunAutoplayPlayers()&&this._determineAutoplayPlayers()}_createStationaryRelatedPlayer(e,t,i){const n="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360],s=u.Video_In_Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn;if(t&&e.mediaOrPlaylistId){const o=`${e.mediaOrPlaylistId}_${i}`,r=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(t,o);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(e.mediaOrPlaylistId),r&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playerId:e.playerId,playerName:s,playerSize:n,element:r,type:"stationaryRelated"})}}_createStickyRelatedPlayer(e,t){const i="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360],n=u.Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff;if(this._stickyRelatedOnPage=!0,this._videoConfig.mobileStickyPlayerOnPage="mobile"===this._device,t&&e.position&&e.mediaId){const s=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,s);const o=this._getTitleHeight(),r=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(s,e.mediaId,this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT+o);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(e.mediaId),r&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playlistId:e.playlistId,playerId:e.playerId,playerSize:i,playerName:n,element:s,type:"stickyRelated"})}}_createPlaylistPlayer(e,t){const i=e.playlistId,n="mobile"===this._device?u.Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone:u.Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff,s="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360];this._videoConfig.mobileStickyPlayerOnPage=!0;const o=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,o);let r=this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT;e.title&&(r+=this._getTitleHeight());const a=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(o,i,r);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(`playlist-${i}`),a&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playlistId:e.playlistId,playerId:e.playerId,playerSize:s,playerName:n,element:o,type:"stickyPlaylist"})}_isVideoAllowedOnPage(){const e=this._clsOptions.disableAds;if(e&&e.video){let t="";e.reasons.has("video_tag")?t="video tag":e.reasons.has("video_plugin")?t="video plugin":e.reasons.has("video_page")&&(t="command queue");const i=t?"ClsVideoInsertionMigrated":"ClsVideoInsertion";return C.error(i,"isVideoAllowedOnPage",new Error(`DBP: Disabled by publisher via 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