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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biographie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biographie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Biographie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Enfance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enfance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Enfance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enfance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conquêtes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conquêtes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Conquêtes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conquêtes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chapour_II_et_les_chrétiens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chapour_II_et_les_chrétiens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span><span>Chapour <span>II</span></span> et les chrétiens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chapour_II_et_les_chrétiens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fin_de_règne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fin_de_règne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Fin de règne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fin_de_règne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contributions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contributions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Contributions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contributions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Famille_et_descendance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Famille_et_descendance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Famille et descendance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Famille_et_descendance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 58 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjapoer_II" title="Sjapoer II – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sjapoer II" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="سابور الثاني – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سابور الثاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="سابور التانى – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سابور التانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_%C5%9Eapur" title="II Şapur – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="II Şapur" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ایکینجی شاپور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکینجی شاپور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80_II" title="Шапур II – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шапур II" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80_II" title="Шапур II – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шапур II" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapor_II" title="Sapor II – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sapor II" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C3%A1p%C3%BAr_II." title="Šápúr II. – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šápúr II." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapur_2." title="Shapur 2. – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Shapur 2." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schapur_II." title="Schapur II. – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schapur II." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eapur_II" title="Şapur II – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Şapur II" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Σαπώρης Β΄ της Περσίας – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαπώρης Β΄ της Περσίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapur_II" title="Shapur II – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Shapur II" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Capuro_la_2-a" title="Ŝapuro la 2-a – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝapuro la 2-a" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapor_II" title="Sapor II – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sapor II" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xapur_II.a" title="Xapur II.a – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Xapur II.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="شاپور دوم – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شاپور دوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0apur_II" title="Šapur II – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Šapur II" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99" title="שאפור השני – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שאפור השני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0apur_II." title="Šapur II. – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Šapur II." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._S%C3%A1p%C3%BAr_sz%C3%A1sz%C3%A1nida_kir%C3%A1ly" title="II. Sápúr szászánida király – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="II. Sápúr szászánida király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B0_II_%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D6%81" title="Շապուհ II Երկարակյաց – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շապուհ II Երկարակյաց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syapur_II" title="Syapur II – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Syapur II" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapore_II" title="Sapore II – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sapore II" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB2%E4%B8%96" title="シャープール2世 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シャープール2世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0_II" title="შაპურ II – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შაპურ II" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="II Шапур – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="II Шапур" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%A4%ED%91%B8%EB%A5%B4_2%EC%84%B8" title="샤푸르 2세 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="샤푸르 2세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eep%C3%BBr_II" title="Şepûr II – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şepûr II" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapor_II" title="Sapor II – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sapor II" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0apuras_II" title="Šapuras II – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šapuras II" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="شاپور دوم – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شاپور دوم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjapoer_II" title="Sjapoer II – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sjapoer II" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjahpur_II_av_Persia" title="Sjahpur II av Persia – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sjahpur II av Persia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapur_II" title="Shapur II – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Shapur II" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szapur_II" title="Szapur II – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szapur II" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="شاہ پور دوم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شاہ پور دوم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1_%DB%B2" title="شاپور ۲ – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شاپور ۲" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapor_II" title="Sapor II – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sapor II" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80_II" title="Шапур II – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шапур II" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapur_II" title="Shapur II – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Shapur II" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0apur_II" title="Šapur II – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Šapur II" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapur_II" title="Shapur II – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shapur II" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C3%A1p%C3%BAr_II." title="Šápúr II. – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šápúr II." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0apur_II." title="Šapur II. – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šapur II." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80_II" title="Шапур II – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шапур II" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahpour_II" title="Shahpour II – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shahpour II" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_II" title="Шопури II – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шопури II" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" title="พระเจ้าซาปูร์มหาราช – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระเจ้าซาปูร์มหาราช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._%C5%9E%C3%A2p%C3%BBr" title="II. Şâpûr – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Şâpûr" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="II Шапур – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="II Шапур" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80_II" title="Шапур II – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шапур II" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="شاپور دوم – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شاپور دوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopur_II" title="Shopur II – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shopur II" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapur_II" title="Shapur II – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Shapur II" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="沙普尔二世 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="沙普尔二世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapur_2-s%C3%A8" title="Shapur 2-sè – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Shapur 2-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q234860#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div 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width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Chapour" class="mw-disambig" title="Chapour">Chapour</a>. </p> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#000080;color:#FFF;"><span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Bust_of_Shapur_II_the_Great_in_the_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Illustration." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Bust_of_Shapur_II_the_Great_in_the_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg/220px-Bust_of_Shapur_II_the_Great_in_the_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Bust_of_Shapur_II_the_Great_in_the_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg/330px-Bust_of_Shapur_II_the_Great_in_the_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Bust_of_Shapur_II_the_Great_in_the_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg/440px-Bust_of_Shapur_II_the_Great_in_the_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3155" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span> <br />Buste de Chapour II le Grand, <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>. </td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#000080; color:#FFF">Titre</th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#BFC5F9; color:#000000"><a href="/wiki/Sassanides" title="Sassanides">Empereur sassanide</a></th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b><time datetime="0309" data-sort-value="0309" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/309" title="309">309</a></time> – <time datetime="0379" data-sort-value="0379" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/379" title="379">379</a></time><br /><small>(<span data-sort-value="&0000000000025898" class="datasortkey">70 ans</span>)</small></b></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row">Prédécesseur </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Adhur-Narseh" title="Adhur-Narseh">Adhur-Narseh</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Successeur </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ardach%C3%AEr_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardachîr II">Ardachîr <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#000080; color:#FFF">Biographie</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Dynastie</span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogie_des_Sassanides" title="Généalogie des Sassanides">Sassanides</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Date de naissance</span> </th> <td><time datetime="0309" data-sort-value="0309" class="date-lien bday"><a href="/wiki/309" title="309">309</a></time> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Date de décès</span> </th> <td><time datetime="0379" data-sort-value="0379" class="date-lien dday"><a href="/wiki/379" title="379">379</a></time> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Père </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_II" title="Hormizd II">Hormizd <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mère </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ifra_Hormizd" title="Ifra Hormizd">Ifra Hormizd</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Conjoint </th> <td>Sithil-Horak </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Enfants </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Yazdgard_Ier" title="Yazdgard Ier">Yazdgard <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a> (?) </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #000080 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Personnalit%C3%A9_politique" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b><span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span></b>, <b>Shapur</b> ou <b>Shapour</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (en persan شاپور دوم, Šapur-e davom ; parfois appelé « le Grand ») est un empereur de la dynastie <a href="/wiki/Sassanides" title="Sassanides">sassanide</a> en <a href="/wiki/Empire_perse" title="Empire perse">Perse</a> qui règne de <a href="/wiki/309" title="309">309</a> à <a href="/wiki/379" title="379">379</a>. Pendant son règne, l'Empire sassanide vit un second âge d'or après celui qui a eu lieu pendant le règne de <span><a href="/wiki/Chapour_Ier" title="Chapour Ier"><span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></span></a></span> (241-272). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biographie">Biographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Biographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Biographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enfance">Enfance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Enfance" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Enfance"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>À la mort du roi <span><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_II" title="Hormizd II"><span class="nowrap">Hormizd <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span></a></span> (302-309), les dirigeants persans tuent son fils aîné <a href="/wiki/Adhur-Narseh" title="Adhur-Narseh">Adhur-Narseh</a>, aveuglent le deuxième et emprisonnent le troisième (<a href="/wiki/Hormizd_(fils_d%27Hormizd_II)" title="Hormizd (fils d'Hormizd II)">Hormizd</a>, qui s'enfuit ensuite à <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Byzance</a>). Le trône est réservé pour le fils encore à naître d'une des femmes de <span class="nowrap">Hormizd <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span>. <span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> serait donc le seul roi de l'histoire à avoir été couronné <i>in utero</i> : la couronne est placée sur le ventre de sa mère. L'enfant, nommé Chapour, est donc né roi ; le gouvernement est exercé par sa mère et d'autres personnages haut-placés de l'empire. </p><p>Quand <span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> atteint l'âge de gouverner, il se révèle être un des plus grands rois de la dynastie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conquêtes"><span id="Conqu.C3.AAtes"></span>Conquêtes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Conquêtes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Conquêtes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/337" title="337">337</a>, juste avant la mort de l'empereur <span><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Ier_(empereur_romain)" title="Constantin Ier (empereur romain)"><span class="nowrap">Constantin <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></span></a></span> (324-337), <span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> rompt le <a href="/wiki/Paix_de_Nisibe" title="Paix de Nisibe">traité de paix de Nisibe</a> conclu en <a href="/wiki/297" title="297">297</a> entre <a href="/wiki/Narseh" title="Narseh">Narseh</a> (293-302) et l'empereur <a href="/wiki/Diocl%C3%A9tien" title="Dioclétien">Dioclétien</a> (284-305), qui a été respecté pendant quarante ans. Un conflit d'une durée de vingt-six ans commence alors en deux séries de guerres, la première ayant lieu de 337 à 350. <span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> tente alors de conquérir, avec des succès variés, les grandes forteresses de la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9sopotamie" title="Mésopotamie">Mésopotamie</a> romaine : <a href="/wiki/Singara" title="Singara">Singara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nusaybin" title="Nusaybin">Nisibis</a> (qu'il attaque trois fois en vain) et <a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Diyarbakır">Amida</a>. L'empereur romain <span><a href="/wiki/Constance_II" title="Constance II"><span class="nowrap">Constance <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span></a></span> (353-361) est toujours vaincu sur le champ de bataille. Néanmoins, <span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> ne fait presque aucun progrès ; la puissance militaire de son royaume n'est pas suffisante pour une occupation durable des territoires conquis. </p><p>À l'est, <span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> se lance dans une <a href="/wiki/Guerre_d%27an%C3%A9antissement" title="Guerre d'anéantissement">guerre d'extermination</a>, la troisième dynastie de l'<a href="/wiki/Empire_kouchan" title="Empire kouchan">Empire kouchan</a> est éliminée vers <a href="/wiki/342" title="342">342</a> et un vice-roi sassanide mis en place à <a href="/wiki/Bactres" title="Bactres">Bactres</a>. La disparition de cet État tampon met l'Iran en contact direct avec les tribus nomades, parmi lesquelles sont cités les <a href="/wiki/Royaume_kidarite" title="Royaume kidarite">Chionites</a>, qui franchissent l'<a href="/wiki/Amou-Daria" title="Amou-Daria">Oxus</a> dans la <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_340" title="Années 340">décennie 340</a>. Chapour, dès <a href="/wiki/356" title="356">356</a>, interrompt ses campagnes contre Rome et combat à l'est. Il fixe ses quartiers d'hiver dans le pays des « Chionites et des Eusènes ». Après une lutte prolongée, ils sont forcés de conclure un traité de paix en <a href="/wiki/358" title="358">358</a>, et leur roi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumbates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumbates (page inexistante)">Grumbates</a>, accompagne avec ses troupes fédérées <span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> dans sa guerre contre les Romains lors du siège d'<a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Diyarbakır">Amida</a>. Toutefois, un autre danger menace dans le nord, où les <a href="/wiki/Alains" title="Alains">Alains</a> franchissent le <a href="/wiki/Caucase" title="Caucase">Caucase</a> pour attaquer l'<a href="/wiki/Royaume_d%27Arm%C3%A9nie" title="Royaume d'Arménie">Arménie</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/358" title="358">358</a>, <span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> est prêt pour entamer la deuxième série des guerres contre Rome, qui connaissent un succès plus grand. En <a href="/wiki/359" title="359">359</a>, <span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> conquiert Amida après un siège de soixante-treize jours, et il prend Singara et d'autres forteresses l'année suivante (360). En <a href="/wiki/363" title="363">363</a>, l'empereur <a href="/wiki/Julien_(empereur_romain)" title="Julien (empereur romain)">Julien</a> (361-363), à la tête d'une forte armée, <a href="/wiki/Campagne_de_Julien_en_Perse" title="Campagne de Julien en Perse">s'avance jusqu'à la capitale de Chapour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ct%C3%A9siphon" title="Ctésiphon">Ctésiphon</a>, et bat une armée sassanide supérieure lors de la bataille de Ctésiphon, mais est mortellement blessé au cours de sa retraite lors de la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Samarra_(363)" title="Bataille de Samarra (363)">bataille de Samarra</a>. Son successeur <a href="/wiki/Jovien" title="Jovien">Jovien</a> (363-364) conclut une paix, par laquelle les districts du <a href="/wiki/Tigre_(fleuve)" title="Tigre (fleuve)">Tigre</a> et <a href="/wiki/Nusaybin" title="Nusaybin">Nisibis</a> (un total de cinq provinces romaines) sont donnés aux Perses, et les Romains promettent de ne plus interférer en <a href="/wiki/Royaume_d%27Arm%C3%A9nie" title="Royaume d'Arménie">Arménie</a> et s'engagent à fournir un tribut annuel pour construire conjointement avec l'Iran des forteresses le long des cols du Caucase<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ce grand succès est représenté par des sculptures dans la roche non loin de la ville de <a href="/wiki/Bishapour" title="Bishapour">Bishapour</a> en <a href="/wiki/Empire_perse" title="Empire perse">Perse</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ; sous les sabots du cheval du roi gît le corps d'un ennemi, probablement Julien, et un Romain suppliant, l'empereur Jovien, demande la paix. </p><p><span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> envahit alors l'<a href="/wiki/Royaume_d%27Arm%C3%A9nie" title="Royaume d'Arménie">Arménie</a>, où il fait prisonnier le roi <span><a href="/wiki/Arsace_II_d%27Arm%C3%A9nie" title="Arsace II d'Arménie"><span class="nowrap">Arshak <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span></a></span>, fidèle allié des Romains, pour trahison et le fait ensuite mettre à mort. Il essaie ensuite de rétablir le <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrisme" title="Zoroastrisme">zoroastrisme</a> en Arménie. Les nobles arméniens lui résistent avec succès, soutiennent secrètement les Romains, qui envoient le roi <a href="/wiki/Pap_d%27Arm%C3%A9nie" title="Pap d'Arménie">Pap</a>, fils d'<span class="nowrap">Arshak <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span>, en Arménie. La guerre avec <a href="/wiki/Empire_romain" title="Empire romain">Rome</a> menace d'éclater de nouveau, mais <a href="/wiki/Valens" title="Valens">Valens</a> sacrifie Pap, s'arrangeant pour le faire assassiner à <a href="/wiki/Tarse_(ville)" title="Tarse (ville)">Tarse</a> où il a trouvé refuge (<a href="/wiki/374" title="374">374</a>). </p><p>Lorsque l'historien romain contemporain <a href="/wiki/Ammien_Marcellin" title="Ammien Marcellin">Ammianus Marcellinus</a> liste les provinces de son empire, il cite l'<a href="/wiki/Assyrie" title="Assyrie">Assyrie</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Susiane" title="Susiane">Susiane</a>, la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A8des" title="Mèdes">Médie</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Empire_perse" title="Empire perse">Perse</a> propre, la <a href="/wiki/Parthie" title="Parthie">Parthie</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Kerman" title="Kerman">Grande Carmanie</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Hyrcanie" title="Hyrcanie">Hyrcanie</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Margiane" title="Margiane">Margiane</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Bactriane" title="Bactriane">Bactriane</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Sogdiane" title="Sogdiane">Sogdiane</a>, le pays des <a href="/wiki/Sakas" title="Sakas">Sakas</a>, et la <a href="/wiki/Scythie" title="Scythie">Scythie</a> en deçà du mont Émode, la <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8res" title="Sères">Sérique</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Arie" title="Arie">Arie</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Paropamisades" title="Paropamisades">Paropamisades</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Drangiane" title="Drangiane">Drangiane</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Arachosie" title="Arachosie">Arachosie</a>, et la <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9drosie" title="Gédrosie">Gédrosie</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> déporte des captifs en nombre depuis les territoires romains sous sa domination, dont la plupart s'installent en <a href="/wiki/Susiane" title="Susiane">Susiane</a>. Il reconstruit <a href="/wiki/Suse_(Iran)" title="Suse (Iran)">Suse</a> après avoir tué ses habitants rebelles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chapour_II_et_les_chrétiens"><span id="Chapour_II_et_les_chr.C3.A9tiens"></span><span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> et les chrétiens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Chapour II et les chrétiens" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Chapour II et les chrétiens"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> n'était pas initialement hostile aux chrétiens installés dans son empire, qui étaient dirigés par <a href="/wiki/Simon_bar_Sabbae" title="Simon bar Sabbae">Simon bar Sabbae</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_primats_de_l%27%C3%89glise_apostolique_assyrienne_de_l%27Orient" title="Liste des primats de l'Église apostolique assyrienne de l'Orient">Catholicos de Séleucie et Ctésiphon</a>. Toutefois, la conversion de l'empereur <span><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Ier_(empereur_romain)" title="Constantin Ier (empereur romain)"><span class="nowrap">Constantin <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></span></a></span> au <a href="/wiki/Christianisme" title="Christianisme">christianisme</a> entraîne la méfiance du « grand roi » vis-à-vis de ses sujets chrétiens, considérés comme des agents de l'ennemi étranger. La guerre entre les empires va transformer cette méfiance en hostilité. Après la mort de Constantin <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr>, <span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span>, qui se préparait à la guerre depuis plusieurs années, exige un double impôt des chrétiens de son empire afin de financer le conflit. Simon refuse d'accepter cette <a href="/wiki/Capitation" title="Capitation">capitation</a> et Chapour donne l'ordre de déporter le <a href="/wiki/Catholicos" title="Catholicos">Catholicos</a> et son clergé à Karka de Ledan dans la province d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89lam" title="Élam">Élam</a>. Après une ultime entrevue avec l'empereur, Simon est exécuté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="0341-04-18" data-sort-value="0341-04-18">17 avril 341</time> avec deux compagnons. C'est alors que débute le « cycle des martyrs » pendant lequel de « nombreux milliers de chrétiens » sont mis à mort. Les deux successeurs de Simon, <a href="/wiki/Shahdost" title="Shahdost">Shahdost</a> et <a href="/wiki/Bar_Bashmin" title="Bar Bashmin">Bar Bashmin</a>, sont également martyrisés les années suivantes, et le <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_primats_de_l%27%C3%89glise_apostolique_assyrienne_de_l%27Orient" title="Liste des primats de l'Église apostolique assyrienne de l'Orient">Catholicosat de Séleucie et Ctésiphon</a> reste vacant de <a href="/wiki/346" title="346">346</a> à <a href="/wiki/363" title="363">363</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fin_de_règne"><span id="Fin_de_r.C3.A8gne"></span>Fin de règne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Fin de règne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Fin de règne"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>À la mort de <span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> en <a href="/wiki/379" title="379">379</a>, l'Empire perse est plus fort qu'avant, considérablement plus grand qu'au moment où il accède au trône, les ennemis orientaux sont pacifiés et la Perse a pris le contrôle de l'Arménie. </p><p><span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> a comme successeur son frère <span><a href="/wiki/Ardachir_II" title="Ardachir II"><span class="nowrap">Ardachîr <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span></a></span>, vraisemblablement très âgé, qui ne règne que quatre ans avant de disparaître à son tour<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contributions">Contributions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Contributions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Contributions"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sous le règne de <span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span>, le rassemblement de l'<a href="/wiki/Avesta" title="Avesta">Avesta</a> est terminé, l'<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9r%C3%A9sie" title="Hérésie">hérésie</a> et l'<a href="/wiki/Apostasie" title="Apostasie">apostasie</a> sont punis et les <a href="/wiki/Christianisme" title="Christianisme">Chrétiens</a> persécutés. Il connaît des succès dans ses batailles à l'est du pays, et la ville de <a href="/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur">Nishapour</a> au <a href="/wiki/Khorassan" title="Khorassan">Khorassan</a> (alors en <a href="/wiki/Parthie" title="Parthie">Parthie</a>) est reconstruite par lui. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Famille_et_descendance">Famille et descendance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Famille et descendance" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Famille et descendance"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> a épousé une noble persane du nom de Sithil-Horak, dont il a peut-être un fils : </p> <ul><li><span><a href="/wiki/Yazdgard_Ier" title="Yazdgard Ier"><span class="nowrap">Yazdgard <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></span></a></span>, empereur de <a href="/wiki/Empire_perse" title="Empire perse">Perse</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Autres variantes : Châhpûhr, Šāpūr, Šābuhr, Shapur, Schapur, Sapor, Šapūr, Shāhpur, Schāpūr ou Šābuhr.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Rouche" title="Michel Rouche">Michel Rouche</a>, <i>Les empires universels <abbr class="abbr" title="2ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">II</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> – <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</i>, Larousse, Paris, 1968, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 387.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> Michel Rouche, <abbr class="abbr nowrap italique" title="opere citato (« dans l'ouvrage cité »)">op. cit.</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 388.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Stolze, <i>Persepolis</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ammien_Marcellin" title="Ammien Marcellin">Ammien Marcellin</a>, <span class="nowrap">livre <abbr class="abbr" title="23"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XXIII</span></abbr></span>, chapitre 6, <span class="nowrap"><abbr class="abbr" title="paragraphe(s)">§</abbr> 14</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Tajadod" title="Nahal Tajadod">Nahal Tajadod</a>, <i>Les porteurs de lumière</i>, Plon, Paris, 1993 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2259026672" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2259026672"><span class="nowrap">2259026672</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">110-133</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Agathias" title="Agathias">Agathias</a>, <span class="nowrap">Livre <abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></span>, chapitre 26, <span class="nowrap"><abbr class="abbr" title="paragraphe(s)">§</abbr> 1</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Agathias" title="Agathias">Agathias</a>, <span class="nowrap">Livre <abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></span>, chapitre 26, <span class="nowrap"><abbr class="abbr" title="paragraphe(s)">§</abbr> 3</span> indique que Yazdgard est « le fils de Shapur » mais il n'indique pas clairement s'il s'agit de <span class="nowrap">Shapur <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> ou de <span><a href="/wiki/Shapur_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Shapur III"><span class="nowrap">Shapur <abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></span></a></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shapur_II?uselang=fr"><span class="nowrap">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span></a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <ul><li>Clément Huart & Louis Delaporte, <i>L'Iran antique : Élam et Perse et la civilisation iranienne</i>, coll. « L'Évolution de l'Humanité », Albin Michel, Paris, 1943, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 347-348.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Touraj Daryaee <i>Sasanian Persia. The rise and fall of an Empire</i> I.B. Tauris & Co 2009 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9781780763781" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9781780763781"><span class="nowrap">9781780763781</span></a>)</small>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapour_II&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative aux beaux-arts<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234860?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ta.sandrart.net/en/person/view/3787"><span class="lang-de" lang="de">Sandrart.net</span></a></li> </ul></span> </li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234860?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Shapur-II"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//Shapur_2./"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/shahpur-ii_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><i>Dizionario di Storia</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/%C5%A0%C4%81p%C5%ABr%2BII.html"><i>Enciclopedia De Agostini</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/shapur-ii"><i>Encyclopædia Iranica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0060898.xml"><i>Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3982497"><i>Internetowa encyklopedia PWN</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/Shahpur_2."><i>Store norske leksikon</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/shahpur-ii-sapor-ii/"><i>Universalis</i></a></li> </ul></div></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234860?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/148148207641400340000">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000038624813">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/063461455">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88229502">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/118754084">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810556530405606">Pologne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007278115505171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/495_326395">Vatican</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n88-229502">WorldCat</a></span></li> </ul></div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antikforever.com/Perse/Sassanides/chahpuhr_II.htm">Quelques grands rois Sassanides : <span class="nowrap">Châhpûhr <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span></a>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Daryaee2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Touraj_Daryaee2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Touraj Daryaee, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« <span class="nowrap">Shapur <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></span> »</cite>, dans <cite class="italique" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></cite>, <time>2009</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org//articles/shapur-ii">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.atitle=Shapur+II&rft.aulast=Daryaee&rft.aufirst=Touraj&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2F%2Farticles%2Fshapur-ii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AChapour+II"></span></span></span>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#ddcef2;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Sassanides" title="Modèle:Palette Sassanides"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Sassanides&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Sassanides" title="Sassanides">Sassanides</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#ddcef2;">Dynastie</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogie_des_Sassanides" title="Généalogie des Sassanides">Généalogie des Sassanides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sept_grands_clans_parthes" title="Sept grands clans parthes">Sept grands clans parthes</a></li></ul> </div></td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:7px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Senmurv.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Senmurv.svg/100px-Senmurv.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Senmurv.svg/150px-Senmurv.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Senmurv.svg/200px-Senmurv.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="645" /></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#ddcef2;">Souverains</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardachir_Ier" title="Ardachir Ier">Ardachir <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapour_Ier" title="Chapour Ier">Chapour <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_Ier" title="Hormizd Ier">Hormizd <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahram_Ier" title="Vahram Ier">Vahram <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahram_II" title="Vahram II">Vahram II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahram_III" title="Vahram III">Vahram III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narseh" title="Narseh">Narseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_II" title="Hormizd II">Hormizd II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adhur-Narseh" title="Adhur-Narseh">Adhur-Narseh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chapour II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardachir_II" title="Ardachir II">Ardachir II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapour_III" title="Chapour III">Chapour III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahram_IV" title="Vahram IV">Vahram IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazdgard_Ier" title="Yazdgard Ier">Yazdgard <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapour_de_Perse" title="Chapour de Perse">Chapour de Perse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khosro_l%27Usurpateur" title="Khosro l'Usurpateur">Khosro l'Usurpateur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahram_V" title="Vahram V">Vahram V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazdgard_II" title="Yazdgard II">Yazdgard II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_III" title="Hormizd III">Hormizd III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9roz_Ier" title="Péroz Ier">Péroz <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valash" title="Valash">Valash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavadh_Ier" title="Kavadh Ier">Kavadh <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamasp" title="Zamasp">Zamasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khosro_Ier" title="Khosro Ier">Khosro <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_IV" title="Hormizd IV">Hormizd IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khosro_II" title="Khosro II">Khosro II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahram_VI" title="Vahram VI">Vahram VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistahm" title="Vistahm">Vistahm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavadh_II" title="Kavadh II">Kavadh II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardachir_III" title="Ardachir III">Ardachir III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schahr-Bar%C3%A2z" title="Schahr-Barâz">Schahr-Barâz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khosro_III" title="Khosro III">Khosro III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanshir_(fils_de_Khosro_II)" title="Javanshir (fils de Khosro II)">Javanshir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BBr%C3%A2nd%C3%BBkht" title="Bûrândûkht">Bûrândûkht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapur_V" title="Shapur V">Shapur V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9roz_II" title="Péroz II">Péroz II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azarmed%C3%BBkht" title="Azarmedûkht">Azarmedûkht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farrukh_Hormizd_V" title="Farrukh Hormizd V">Farrukh Hormizd V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_VI" title="Hormizd VI">Hormizd VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khosro_IV" title="Khosro IV">Khosro IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9roz_II" title="Péroz II">Péroz II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farrukhzad_Khosro_V" title="Farrukhzad Khosro V">Farrukhzad Khosro V</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#ddcef2;">Culture</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_de_Gondichapour" title="Académie de Gondichapour">Académie de Gondichapour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_sassanide" title="Art sassanide">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monnaie_sassanide" title="Monnaie sassanide">Monnaie</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#ddcef2;">Postérité</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baduspanides" title="Baduspanides">Baduspanides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bawandides" title="Bawandides">Bawandides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabwa%C3%AFhides" title="Dabwaïhides">Dabwaïhides</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#ddcef2;">Connexe</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aneran" title="Aneran">Aneran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derafch_Kaviani" title="Derafch Kaviani">Derafch Kaviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Sassanides" title="Indo-Sassanides">Indo-Sassanides</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Iran_et_monde_iranien" title="Portail de l’Iran et du monde iranien"><img alt="icône décorative" 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sassanide</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_le_mod%C3%A8le_op._cit." title="Catégorie:Page utilisant le modèle op. cit.">Page utilisant le modèle op. cit.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_une_Infobox" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox">Article utilisant une Infobox</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Cat%C3%A9gorie_Commons_avec_lien_local_identique_sur_Wikidata" title="Catégorie:Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata">Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P1422" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P1422">Page utilisant P1422</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_externes" title="Catégorie:Page pointant vers des bases externes">Page pointant vers des bases externes</a></li><li><a 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