Publications

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head>  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" /> <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><title> Publications </title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico"> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#007eb4" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://use.fontawesome.com" crossorigin /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://kendo.cdn.telerik.com" /> <link rel="prefetch" href="https://kendo.cdn.telerik.com/2021.1.119/js/kendo.all.min.js"> <link rel="prefetch" href="https://kendo.cdn.telerik.com/2021.1.119/js/kendo.timezones.min.js"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.who.int" /> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Noto+Sans:ital,wght@0,400;0,700;1,400&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/css/all.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link rel='stylesheet' href='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/styles/grid.min.css?v=14.0.7729.19549' >  <link rel='stylesheet' href='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/styles/origin.min.css?v=14.0.7729.19549' ><link rel='stylesheet' href='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/styles/main.min.css?v=14.0.7729.19549' > <link rel='stylesheet' href='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/styles/print.min.css?v=14.0.7729.19549' media='print'> <script> var lang = document.documentElement.lang; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({'language': lang }); window.dataLayer.push({ "pagetype": "collectionpage", "targetaudience": "general-audience", "targetcountry": "global", "publishingoffice": "who-worldwide", "healthtopic": "None" });</script> <script> (function() { function deleteCookie(cookieName,domain) { document.cookie = cookieName + '=;expires=Mon Jan 01 1900 00:00:00 ; path=/; domain=' + domain; } function loadAndTrack(canTrack) { if (!canTrack) { var domain = location.hostname.replace(/^www\./i, '.'); //GA deleteCookie('_ga', domain); deleteCookie('_gat', domain); deleteCookie('_gid', domain); //Clarity deleteCookie('_clck', domain); deleteCookie('_clsk', domain); //Google Adsense deleteCookie('_gcl_au', domain); } else{ //Fire GTM //Google Tag Manager (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5QFSQRT'); //End Google Tag Manager } return; } if (window.TrackingConsentManager) { TrackingConsentManager.addEventListener('ConsentChanged', loadAndTrack); loadAndTrack(TrackingConsentManager.canTrackCurrentUser()); } else { loadAndTrack(true); } })(); </script><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /><meta property="og:title" content="Publications" /><style type="text/css" media="all">.row-flex{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.row-flex .card{flex-grow:1}.row-flex .sf_colsIn{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-grow:1}.row-flex .card__content-group{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-grow:1}.row-flex .card__content{display:flex;flex-grow:1}.qa-details__content .sf-accordion__content p a{outline:0;color:var(--l2-neutralForegroundRest);border-bottom:1px solid var(--l2-neutralForegroundRest);text-decoration:none}.qa-details__content .sf-accordion__content p a:focus{outline:0;color:var(--l2-accentFillHover);background-color:var(--l2-neutralFillStealthHover);border-bottom:3px solid var(--l2-neutralFocus);text-decoration:none}.qa-details__content .sf-accordion__content p a:hover{outline:0;color:var(--l2-neutralForegroundRest);background-color:var(--l2-neutralFillStealthHover);border-bottom:3px solid var(--l2-neutralFocus);text-decoration:none}.mdc-card.mdc-card--background .card-media--item{background:0 0;background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(255,255,255,0) 0,rgba(0,0,0,.5) 25%,#000 100%)}.mdc-card.mdc-card--background a .item--title,.mdc-card.mdc-card--background a:active .item--title,.mdc-card.mdc-card--background a:focus .item--title,.mdc-card.mdc-card--background a:hover .item--title{text-decoration:none}.mdc-card a:visited .item--title,.mdc-card.mdc-card--background .item--title{color:#fff}.card--solid.bg-dark:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#20313b;border:2px solid #fff}.card--solid.bg-dark a{color:#fff;background-color:#20313b;border:2px solid #20313b}.card--solid.bg-dark a:hover{color:#20313b;background-color:#fff;border:2px solid #20313b}.card--solid.bg-dark:focus-within{color:#fff;background-color:#20313b;border:2px solid var(--l4-neutralFocus)}.mdc-card a .item--title,.mdc-card a:visited .item--title{color:var(--l4-neutralForegroundRest)}.mdc-card a:visited .item--title{color:var(--l4-neutralForegroundRest)!important}.-sf-integrated-app body,.sfPageContainer .RadDock .rdContent a.sfAddContentLnk,.zeContentMode .sfPageContainer .RadDock .rdContent,.zeLayoutMode .sfPageContainer .RadDock .rdContent,.zeSettingsMode .sfPageContainer .RadDock .rdContent,.zeThemesMode .sfPageContainer .RadDock .rdContent{font-family:Arial,Verdana,sans-serif!important}#navigationToScrape .content-block a,.alphabetical-nav--list .alphabetical-nav--list-item a,.alphabetical-nav--list a,.nav--list a{text-decoration:none!important}.sf-events-wrapper .vertical-list-item:focus,.sf-events-wrapper .vertical-list-item:focus-within{outline:2px solid var(--l4-neutralFocus)!important}.sf-events-wrapper .vertical-list-item a:focus-within,.sf-events-wrapper .vertical-list-item:focus{outline:0}.top-header li.active>a,.top-header li.open>a,.top-header li.selected>a,.top-header li:hover>a{background-color:var(--d-l4-accentFillHover)} .webinars-listing .sf-multimedia-item__container { aspect-ratio: 16/9; width: 100%; height: auto !important; min-height: 304px; } .webinar-episodes.vertical-list .vertical-list-item .thumb { min-height: 131px; aspect-ratio: 16/9; height: auto; width: 100%; } @media screen and (max-width:768px) { .webinar-episodes.vertical-list .vertical-list-item .thumb {display:none;} } .webinar-episodes-details .sf-multimedia-item__container { height: 390px; aspect-ratio: 16/9; height: auto; } .mdc-card--background a:visited .item--title { color: #fff!important; } .hero-image--content.plx-bg--transparent.text-center { position: relative; width: 100%; max-width: 100%; } .k-safari .plx-static .inner.responsive-background-image { background-attachment: unset; background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: contain; } .plx-static.hero-image--wrapper.has-caption { margin-bottom: 0; } @media (max-width: 768px) { .row--flex, .row-flex {flex-wrap:wrap;} .row--flex .sf_colsIn {margin-bottom:1rem;} } </style><style type="text/css" media="all">/*ipad portrait*/ @media all and (min-device-width: 768px) and (max-device-width: 1015px) and (orientation:portrait) { #donate-div-mob { display: block !important; padding-left: 45% !important; margin: 3px 0px; } } /*ipad Pro portrait*/ @media all and (min-device-width: 1024px) and (max-device-width: 1100px) and (orientation:portrait) { #donate-div { padding-left: 82% !important; } } /*New set 1*/ @media only screen and (min-width: 1200px) { #donate-div { display: inline-block !important; right: 50px !important; padding: 0 !important; } } @media (min-width: 1715px) and (max-width: 2560px) { #donate-div { display: inline-block !important; right: 198px !important; padding: 0 !important; } } /*iPad Pro*/ @media (min-device-width: 1024px) and (max-device-width: 1100px) and (orientation: portrait) { #donate-div { display: inline-block !important; right: 60px !important; padding: 0 !important; } }</style><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.who.int/publications" /></head> <body class="sf-body "> <a class="visually-hidden-focusable" href="#content">Skip to main content</a> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5QFSQRT" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><script src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=okuX3IVIBwfJlfEQK32K3l5K7YGiATb30h89J0olbNMeAyOtdYE6_Exv9Bd_ta2_XSFvjotxKLnlt9vcM6Kg3aKCXjsPLAfc02HCCEnrn0StjUGoNmpcNHr0Q7qewBsI-wQmYIVPg1mLq03jlrRY4M-hzwvjWouuBv3ehropIpydPBUR0&t=ffffffffa587f0f2" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=ePnjFy9PuY6CB3GWMX-b_9dUqj_iyHKbtZiYzX__OhcBoGTfz1BCLaN4h7Fbajcqvr0jzshQTloWygrPD-ACaSqbbnMU2RjynHKyNq228hugZnvpXRMVXdY9OyDF4Ewext63iLJGrHIt24Ious-uCOclPLq5lpYk7ok9AjUyDR56hxVu0&t=ffffffffa587f0f2" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=2z9h4-hKx8Yk1hygmet7pjkFguWG8Z1Fhnuod_CvCHCExwAB9TmazYiwtnNc8_PE_sQ84nrSkjqY9EALBnpl3lcKaF9OEQUFbopzQYCfhpJXDQLR-yvNY8t812iM5Aejg6fxAEzrTW8MI2owx-zl9SrMG73lcKP32vb5eFgX02xyZpHf0&t=ffffffffa587f0f2" type="text/javascript"></script> <div class="sf-main-site main-site main">   <header> <div id="sf-top-header" class="sf-top-header top-header"> <div class="sf_colsIn container" data-sf-element="Container" data-placeholder-label="Container"> <div id="TopHeader_TD9F2A204012_Col00" class="sf_colsIn container" data-sf-element="Container" data-placeholder-label="Container"> </div> <div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div class="sf_colsIn col-md-4" data-sf-element="Geo Navigation" data-placeholder-label="Geo Navigation"> <div id="sf-geo-navigation-container"> <nav class="sf-geo-navigation" aria-label="Regions"> <ul class="sf-primary-geo-navigation"> <li class="active sf-no-logo"> <a href="https://www.who.int/" class="mobile nav-logo"> <img class="svg" src="/images/default-source/fallback/header-logos/h-logo-blue.svg?sfvrsn=aaed4f35_20" alt="World Health Organization" /> </a> <a href="https://www.who.int/" class="desktop">Global</a> </li> <li class=" has-children"> <a href="#">Regions</a> <div class="sf-secondary-geo-navigation-container"> <div class="sf-secondary-geo-navigation-wrapper"> <div class="sf-geo-navigation-title"> <div class="nav-header"> <span class="nav-logo"> <img class="svg" src="/images/default-source/fallback/header-logos/h-logo-blue.svg?sfvrsn=aaed4f35_20" alt="World Health Organization" /> </span> <span class="nav-title">WHO Regional websites</span> <div class="nav-back-btn"><i class="fas fa-angle-left"></i></div> </div> </div> <ul class="sf-secondary-geo-navigation sf-secondary-geo-navigation-region row"> <li class=" col-md-4"> <a href="https://www.afro.who.int/"> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons" data-src="/images/default-source/fallback/maps/africa.png?sfvrsn=3204f957_18" alt="Africa" /> <span>Africa</span> </a> </li> <li class=" col-md-4"> <a href="https://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?lang=en"> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons" data-src="/images/default-source/fallback/maps/americas.png?sfvrsn=9efd6df3_18" alt="Americas" /> <span>Americas</span> </a> </li> <li class=" col-md-4"> <a href="https://www.who.int/southeastasia"> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons" data-src="/images/default-source/fallback/maps/south-east-asia.png?sfvrsn=68e76dc2_16" alt="South-East Asia" /> <span>South-East Asia</span> </a> </li> <li class=" col-md-4"> <a href="https://www.who.int/europe/"> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons" data-src="/images/default-source/fallback/maps/europe.png?sfvrsn=c7d5c5a5_18" alt="Europe" /> <span>Europe</span> </a> </li> <li class=" col-md-4"> <a href="http://www.emro.who.int/index.html"> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons" data-src="/images/default-source/fallback/maps/eastern-mediterranean.png?sfvrsn=71211e18_16" alt="Eastern Mediterranean" /> <span>Eastern Mediterranean</span> </a> </li> <li class=" col-md-4"> <a href="https://www.who.int/westernpacific/"> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons" data-src="/images/default-source/fallback/maps/western-pacific.png?sfvrsn=88cbdcd5_16" alt="Western Pacific" /> <span>Western Pacific</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="sf_colsIn col-md-8" data-sf-element="Language Selector & Search" data-placeholder-label="Language Selector & Search">   <div class="form-inline"> <div class="form-group sf-search-input-wrapper" role="search"> <div class="srchaction-wrapper"> <span class="srchaction"> <i id="817413b2-031b-4d79-8bfc-60ec6702468d" class="fa fa-search fa-2x fa-loaded" aria-hidden="true"></i> </span> <input type="search" title="Search input" placeholder="Search" id="fcf63bef-7e28-491c-b49c-3788e4672a15" class="form-control" value="" aria-autocomplete="both" aria-describedby='SearchInfo-1' /> </div>  <span class="srchtoggle"> <i class="fa fa-search fa-2x fa-loaded" aria-hidden="true"></i> </span>  <span id='SearchInfo-1' aria-hidden="true" hidden>When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select.</span> </div> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="resultsUrl" value="/home/search-results" /> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="indexCatalogue" value="genericsearchindex1" /> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="wordsMode" value="AnyWord" /> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="disableSuggestions" value='true' /> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="minSuggestionLength" value="3" /> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="suggestionFields" value="Title,Content" /> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="language" value="en" /> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="siteId" value="15210d59-ad60-47ff-a542-7ed76645f0c7" /> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="suggestionsRoute" value="/restapi/search/suggestions" /> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="searchTextBoxId" value='#fcf63bef-7e28-491c-b49c-3788e4672a15' /> <input type="hidden" data-sf-role="searchButtonId" value='#817413b2-031b-4d79-8bfc-60ec6702468d' /> </div> <div class="dd sf-lang-selector language-selector"> <i class="fas fa-language" aria-hidden="true"></i> <label for="language-selector"> Select language </label> <select onChange="openLink(value)" id="language-selector" name="language-selector"> <option disabled selected>Select language</option> <option value="en" lang="en" class=selected>English</option> <option value="ar" lang="ar" >العربية</option> <option value="zh" lang="zh" >中文</option> <option value="fr" lang="fr" >Français</option> <option value="ru" lang="ru" >Русский</option> <option value="es" lang="es" >Español</option> </select> <i class="fas fa-angle-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </div> <style> li.slicknav_addition.sf-lang-selector { width: 100%; position: relative } li.slicknav_addition.sf-lang-selector select { min-width: 100% } #search-form label { visibility: hidden } .language-selector label { width: 0 !important; height: 0; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden } </style> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="sf-main-header" class="main-header"> <div class="container"> <div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div class="sf_colsIn col-md-12" data-sf-element="Logos" data-placeholder-label="Logos Geo Navigation"> <div class="header-logo logos-container"> <a href="/" title="Home" class="primary-logo"> <img src="/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/images/logos/en/h-logo-blue.svg" alt="Home" class="logo svg" /> </a> </div> </div> <div id="donate-div" style="position: absolute;"> <div id="donate-button" class="button fg-primary"> <a aria-label="Donate button link" aria-describedby="donate-button" id="donate-link" class="link" href="https://donate.who.foundation/?utm_source=donate_button&utm_medium=who&utm_campaign=global_english" target="_blank">Donate</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="MainHeader_TEC2026FA002_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> </div> <div id="MainHeader_TEC2026FA002_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> </div> <div id="MainHeader_TEC2026FA002_Col02" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 3" data-placeholder-label="Column 3"> </div> <div id="MainHeader_TEC2026FA002_Col03" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 4" data-placeholder-label="Column 4"> </div> </div> </div>   <div id="donate-div-mob" class="sf_colsIn col-md-6"> <div id="donate-button-mob" class="button fg-primary"> <a aria-label="Donate button link mobile" aria-describedby="donate-button-mob" id="donate-link-mobile" class="link" href="https://donate.who.foundation/?utm_source=donate_button&utm_medium=who&utm_campaign=global_english" target="_blank">Donate</a> </div> </div>  <div id="navigationToScrape" class="navigation"> <div class="row navWrapper" data-sf-element="Row"> <div class="nav-container">  <ul class="nav"></ul>  </div> <ul class="nav-mobile"></ul> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204024_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12" data-sf-element="Menu Wrapper" data-placeholder-label="Menu Wrapper"><div class="navItemLayout navHomeItemLayout"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204025_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12 navParent" data-sf-element="Menu Parent Link" data-placeholder-label="Menu Parent Link"> <nav id="21233ba13f7e4c9eb00b018ab38f0139" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation"> <li class=""><a href="/" target="_self">Home</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204025_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12 navDropdown" data-sf-element="Menu Item Dropdown" data-placeholder-label="Menu Item Dropdown"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="navItemLayout"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204029_Col00" class="sf_colsIn navParent" data-sf-element="Menu Parent Link" data-placeholder-label="Menu Parent Link"> <nav id="f3707addf3f04fbe9920d650d0e9ba5c" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation"> <li class=""><a href="/mega-menu/health-topics" target="_self">Health Topics</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204029_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12 navDropdown" data-sf-element="Menu Item Dropdown" data-placeholder-label="Menu Item Dropdown"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="Navigation_T75121FDA161_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"><div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204114_Col00" class="sf_colsIn horizontal" data-sf-element="Horizontal" data-placeholder-label="Horizontal"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><ul><li><a href="/health-topics/" data-sf-ec-immutable="" data-sf-marked="">All topics</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#A" data-sf-ec-immutable="">A</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#B" data-sf-ec-immutable="">B</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#C" data-sf-ec-immutable="">C</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#D" data-sf-ec-immutable="">D</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#E" data-sf-ec-immutable="">E</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#F" data-sf-ec-immutable="">F</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#G" data-sf-ec-immutable="">G</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#H" data-sf-ec-immutable="">H</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#I" data-sf-ec-immutable="">I</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#J" data-sf-ec-immutable="">J</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#K" data-sf-ec-immutable="">K</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#L" data-sf-ec-immutable="">L</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#M" data-sf-ec-immutable="">M</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#N" data-sf-ec-immutable="">N</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#O" data-sf-ec-immutable="">O</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#P" data-sf-ec-immutable="">P</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#Q" data-sf-ec-immutable="">Q</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#R" data-sf-ec-immutable="">R</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#S" data-sf-ec-immutable="">S</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#T" data-sf-ec-immutable="">T</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#U" data-sf-ec-immutable="">U</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#V" data-sf-ec-immutable="">V</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#W" data-sf-ec-immutable="">W</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#X" data-sf-ec-immutable="">X</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#Y" data-sf-ec-immutable="">Y</a></li><li><a href="/health-topics/#Z" data-sf-ec-immutable="">Z</a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_T75121FDA161_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="2bb0ca5b7e51451dabf0a42ab8b720b6" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/health-topics/resources" target="_self">Resources</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/health-topics/resources/fact-sheets" target="_self">Fact sheets</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/health-topics/resources/facts-in-pictures" target="_self">Facts in pictures</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/health-topics/resources/multimedia" target="_self">Multimedia</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/health-topics/resources/podcasts" target="_self">Podcasts</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/health-topics/resources/publications" target="_self">Publications</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/health-topics/resources/questions-and-answers" target="_self">Questions and answers</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/health-topics/resources/tools-and-toolkits" target="_self">Tools and toolkits</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_T75121FDA161_Col02" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 3" data-placeholder-label="Column 3"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="39e5f75937f543ac97eb6ffdf8f6bafe" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/health-topics/popular" target="_self">Popular</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/health-topics/popular/dengue" target="_self">Dengue</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/health-topics/popular/endometriosis" target="_self">Endometriosis</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/health-topics/popular/excessive-heat" target="_self">Excessive heat</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/health-topics/popular/herpes" target="_self">Herpes</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/health-topics/popular/mental-disorders" target="_self">Mental disorders</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/health-topics/popular/mpox" target="_self">Mpox</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_T75121FDA161_Col03" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 4" data-placeholder-label="Column 4"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="navItemLayout"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204027_Col00" class="sf_colsIn navParent" data-sf-element="Menu Parent Link" data-placeholder-label="Menu Parent Link"> <nav id="4f27a218f8ab48d48d2dd8c5b40dfcd7" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation"> <li class=""><a href="/mega-menu/countries" target="_self">Countries</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204027_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12 navDropdown" data-sf-element="Menu Item Dropdown" data-placeholder-label="Menu Item Dropdown"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204039_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"><div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204043_Col00" class="sf_colsIn horizontal" data-sf-element="Horizontal" data-placeholder-label="Horizontal"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><ul><li><a href="/countries">All countries</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#A">A</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#B">B</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#C">C</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#D">D</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#E">E</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#F">F</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#G">G</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#H">H</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#I">I</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#J">J</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#K">K</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#L">L</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#M">M</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#N">N</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#O">O</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#P">P</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#Q">Q</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#R">R</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#S">S</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#T">T</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#U">U</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#V">V</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#W">W</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#X">X</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#Y">Y</a></li><li><a href="/countries/#Z">Z</a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204039_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="d09bddc4e0ec406ba9627ca7b73e5817" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/countries/regions" target="_self">Regions</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/countries/regions/africa" target="_self">Africa</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/countries/regions/americas" target="_self">Americas</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/countries/regions/europe" target="_blank">Europe</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/countries/regions/eastern-mediterranean" target="_self">Eastern Mediterranean</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/countries/regions/south-east-asia" target="_self">South-East Asia </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/countries/regions/western-pacific" target="_blank">Western Pacific</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204039_Col02" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 3" data-placeholder-label="Column 3"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="e52cbd42188d4328ba8e5f9017a0a6f5" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/countries/who-in-countries" target="_self">WHO in countries</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/countries/who-in-countries/data-by-country" target="_self">Data by country</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/countries/who-in-countries/country-presence" target="_self">Country presence </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/countries/who-in-countries/country-strengthening" target="_self">Country strengthening </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/countries/who-in-countries/country-cooperation-strategies" target="_self">Country cooperation strategies </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204039_Col03" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 4" data-placeholder-label="Column 4"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="navItemLayout"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204028_Col00" class="sf_colsIn navParent" data-sf-element="Menu Parent Link" data-placeholder-label="Menu Parent Link"> <nav id="9d136dba9ce84fdc94ccb2520c2bdeb6" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation"> <li class=""><a href="/news-room" target="_self">Newsroom</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204028_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12 navDropdown" data-sf-element="Menu Item Dropdown" data-placeholder-label="Menu Item Dropdown"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204038_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="2e5c02cde9b944a185f38a3369cae74f" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/news/all-news" target="_self">All news</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/news/all-news/releases" target="_self">News releases</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/news/all-news/statements" target="_self">Statements</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/news/all-news/campaigns" target="_self">Campaigns</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/news/all-news/events" target="_self">Events</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/news/all-news/feature-stories" target="_self">Feature stories</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/news/all-news/press-conferences" target="_self">Press conferences</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/news/all-news/speecheshub" target="_self">Speeches</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/news/all-news/commentaries" target="_self">Commentaries</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/news/all-news/photo-library" target="_self">Photo library</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204038_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-6" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><ul><li><a href="/news-room/headlines">Headlines</a></li></ul></div> </div> <div id="listView" class="vertical-list"></div> <script type="text/x-kendo-tmpl" id="template"> <div class="vertical-list-item"> <div class="info"> <a href="https://www.who.int/news/item#:ItemDefaultUrl #" aria-label="#: Title #"> <p class="heading">#: Title #</p> </a> <div class="date"> <span class="timestamp">#: FormatedDate #</span> <div class="sf-tags-list"> <div class="sf-tags-list-item">#: NewsType #</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </script> <script> window.onload = function () { var remoteDataSource = new kendo.data.DataSource({ type: "odata-v4", transport: { read: "/api/news/newsitems?sf_provider=OpenAccessDataProvider&sf_culture=en&$top=3&$orderby=PublicationDateAndTime%20desc&$select=Title,ItemDefaultUrl,FormatedDate,NewsType&$filter=publishingoffices/any(s:s eq df302c0e-1f59-4efb-b276-d154122d3760)" } }); $("#listView").kendoListView({ dataSource: remoteDataSource, pageable: true, template: kendo.template($("#template").html()), dataBound: function () { this.wrapper.removeClass("k-widget"); this.wrapper.removeClass("k-listview"); } }); }; </script> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204038_Col02" class="sf_colsIn col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 3" data-placeholder-label="Column 3"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="navItemLayout"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204040_Col00" class="sf_colsIn navParent" data-sf-element="Menu Parent Link" data-placeholder-label="Menu Parent Link"> <nav id="f018220f72a24c938ee9340ea748120a" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation"> <li class=""><a href="/mega-menu/emergencies" target="_self">Emergencies</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204040_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12 navDropdown" data-sf-element="Menu Item Dropdown" data-placeholder-label="Menu Item Dropdown"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204090_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="30148dbddbf449e38ec8e82fabfa23bb" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/emergencies" target="_self">Focus on</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/emergencies/cholera" target="_self">Cholera </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/emergencies/coronavirus-disease-(covio-19)" target="_self">Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/emergencies/greater-horn-of-africa" target="_self">Greater Horn of Africa</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/emergencies/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territory" target="_self">Israel and occupied Palestinian territory</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/emergencies/mpox" target="_self">Mpox</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/emergencies/sudan" target="_self">Sudan</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/emergencies/ukraine-emergency" target="_self">Ukraine</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204090_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="c5b8743bdc9c4859b24f944d4a16070b" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/news" target="_self">Latest</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/news/disease-outbreak-news" target="_self">Disease Outbreak News</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/news/situation-reports" target="_self">Situation reports</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/news/weekly-epidemiological-record" target="_self">Weekly Epidemiological Record</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204090_Col02" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 3" data-placeholder-label="Column 3"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="d91c5a9c01164230800fcc335da9c9c5" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/who-in-emergencies" target="_self">WHO in emergencies</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/who-in-emergencies/surveillance" target="_self">Surveillance</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/who-in-emergencies/operations" target="_self">Operations</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/who-in-emergencies/research-development" target="_self">Research</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/who-in-emergencies/funding" target="_self">Funding</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/who-in-emergencies/partners" target="_self">Partners</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/who-in-emergencies/health-emergency-appeal" target="_self">Health emergency appeal</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/who-in-emergencies/international-health-regulations" target="_self">International Health Regulations</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/emergencies/who-in-emergencies/independent-oversight-and-advisory-committee" target="_self">Independent Oversight and Advisory Committee</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204090_Col03" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 4" data-placeholder-label="Column 4"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="navItemLayout"> <div id="Navigation_T75121FDA215_Col00" class="sf_colsIn navParent" data-sf-element="Menu Parent Link" data-placeholder-label="Menu Parent Link"> <nav id="5b68224fa0ac481ab6e0bad02f96b68d" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation"> <li class=""><a href="/mega-menu/data" target="_self">Data</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div id="Navigation_T75121FDA215_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12 navDropdown" data-sf-element="Menu Item Dropdown" data-placeholder-label="Menu Item Dropdown"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="Navigation_T75121FDA217_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="a418bcf01abd4de1b23ae0c18444ed0d" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_T75121FDA217_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="c046d9920a9e4dcfa54fd1299511a7d9" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/data/dashboards" target="_self">Dashboards</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/data/dashboards/triple-billion-progress" target="_self">Triple Billion Progress</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/data/dashboards/health-inequality-monitor" target="_self">Health Inequality Monitor</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/data/dashboards/delivery-for-impact" target="_self">Delivery for impact</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/data/dashboards/covid-19-dashboard" target="_blank">COVID-19 dashboard</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_T75121FDA217_Col02" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 3" data-placeholder-label="Column 3"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="ec0bbd003ec04b9c961181c83c9a6916" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/data/data-collection" target="_self">Data collection</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/data/data-collection/classifications" target="_self">Classifications</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/data/data-collection/score" target="_self">SCORE</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/data/data-collection/surveys" target="_self">Surveys</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/data/data-collection/civil-registration-and-vital-statistics" target="_self">Civil registration and vital statistics</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/data/data-collection/routine-health-information-systems" target="_self">Routine health information systems</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/data/data-collection/harmonized-health-facility-assessment" target="_self">Harmonized health facility assessment</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/data/data-collection/gis-centre-for-health" target="_self">GIS centre for health</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_T75121FDA217_Col03" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 4" data-placeholder-label="Column 4"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="a78b40527ea34292a87553e9314b0d9a" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/data/reports" target="_blank">Reports</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/data/reports/world-health-statistics" target="_self">World Health Statistics</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/data/reports/uhc-global-monitoring-report" target="_self">UHC global monitoring report</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="navItemLayout"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204026_Col00" class="sf_colsIn navParent" data-sf-element="Menu Parent Link" data-placeholder-label="Menu Parent Link"> <nav id="4682bc8d79f349cc8a8d094e7f47dc41" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation"> <li class=""><a href="/mega-menu/about-us" target="_self">About WHO</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204026_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12 navDropdown" data-sf-element="Menu Item Dropdown" data-placeholder-label="Menu Item Dropdown"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204035_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="fcd52e3a4d4e43719278ac050a72740e" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/about" target="_self">About WHO</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/about/partnerships-and-collaboration" target="_self">Partnerships</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/about/expert-groups" target="_self">Committees and advisory groups</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/about/collaborating-centres" target="_self">Collaborating centres</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/about/teams" target="_self">Technical teams</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/about/structure" target="_self">Organizational structure</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/about/who-we-are" target="_self">Who we are</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204035_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="d20192928de54ff3975b8934dc937d29" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/our-work" target="_self">Our work</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/our-work/activities" target="_self">Activities</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/our-work/initiatives" target="_self">Initiatives</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/our-work/global-programme-of-work" target="_self">General Programme of Work</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/our-work/who-academy" target="_self">WHO Academy</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204035_Col02" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 3" data-placeholder-label="Column 3"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="83cbf73f84aa4a4bb31d9863ffaea817" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/who-funding" target="_self">Funding</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/who-funding/investment-case" target="_self">Investment in WHO</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/who-funding/who-foundation" target="_self">WHO Foundation</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="0ff6c3213d374df1ba6c488467b4906e" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/accountability" target="_self">Accountability</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/accountability/audit" target="_self">External audit</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/accountability/financial-statements" target="_self">Financial statements</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/accountability/internal-audit-and-investigations" target="_self">Internal audit and investigations </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/accountability/budget" target="_self">Programme Budget</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/accountability/results-report" target="_self">Results reports</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204035_Col03" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 4" data-placeholder-label="Column 4"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="5895fd1b0023418e9c1bdedf2a888c97" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/governance" target="_self">Governance</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/governance/governing-bodies-website" target="_blank">Governing bodies</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/governance/wha" target="_self">World Health Assembly</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/governance/eb" target="_self">Executive Board</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/mega-menu/about-us/governance/member-states-portal" target="_self">Member States Portal</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header>   <section class="sf-content content" id="content" role="main" tabindex="-1"> <div class="hero-image--wrapper hero-image--high-wrapper high has-caption" data-url=""> <div class="inner responsive-background-image high-895940569 bg-center-position"> <img sizes="(max-width: 768px) 200px, (max-width: 1024px) 700px, (max-width: 1366px) 1000px, 1920px" srcset="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/default-album/publications-hero-image.tmb-768v.jpg?sfvrsn=84448617_6 768w, https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/default-album/publications-hero-image.tmb-1024v.jpg?sfvrsn=84448617_6 1024w, https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/default-album/publications-hero-image.tmb-1366v.jpg?sfvrsn=84448617_6 1366w, https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/default-album/publications-hero-image.tmb-1920v.jpg?sfvrsn=84448617_6 1920w" alt="Publications" /> <div class="sf_colsIn container"> <div class="hero-image--content bg-text-light text-left"> <h1 class="title"><span>Publications</span></h1> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sf-image-credit"> <div class="sf-image-credit__content"> <div class="sf-image-credit__inner"> WHO/C. Pekmez </div> </div> <div class="sf-image-credit__label"> <span class="sf-image-credit__copyright">©</span> <span class="sf-image-credit__text">Credits </span> <i class="icon plus-icon"></i> </div> </div> <script> var imageCreditClass = document.getElementsByClassName("sf-image-credit"); var preventFunction = function () { event.preventDefault() }; for (var i = 0; i < imageCreditClass.length; i++) { imageCreditClass[i].addEventListener('click', preventFunction);; } </script> </div> <div id="PageContent_C005_Col00" class="sf_colsIn container" data-sf-element="Container" data-placeholder-label="Container"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="PageContent_C102_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-1" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> </div> <div id="PageContent_C102_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-10" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="PageContent_C103_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> <div class="section-heading"> <h2>Latest publications</h2> <a href="https://www.who.int/publications/i">All →</a> </div> <div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="PageContent_C090_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-9" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="PageContent_C007_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> <div class="sf-publications"> <div class="sf-publications-list sf-publications-list__horizontal row"> <div class="sf-publications-item list-item col-sm-3"> <div class="sf-publications-item__container"> <figure class="sf-publications-item__figure"> <img src="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/379597/9789290209690-eng.pdf.jpg?sequence=4" alt="Act Now: End TB in the South-East Asia Region, 2024" /> </figure> <div class="sf-publications-item__body"> <div class="sf-publications-item__header"> <div class="sf-publications-item__date"> <span>22 November 2024</span> </div> <a href="/publications/i/item/9789290209690"> <h3 class="sf-publications-item__title">Act Now: End TB in the South-East Asia Region, 2024</h3> </a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__description"> <p>"Wider access to newer technologies for rapid screening and diagnosis and use of shorter, patient friendly regimen is a non-negotiable in the time... </p> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__actions"> <div class="sf-publications-item__file"> <a class="download-url " href="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/379597/9789290209690-eng.pdf?sequence=1" aria-label="Download" target="_blank">Download</a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__url"> <a href="/publications/i/item/9789290209690" class="page-url" aria-label="Read More">Read More</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item list-item col-sm-3"> <div class="sf-publications-item__container"> <figure class="sf-publications-item__figure"> <img src="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376856/9789240095403-eng.pdf.jpg?sequence=11" alt="All for Health, Health for All: investment case 2025–2028" /> </figure> <div class="sf-publications-item__body"> <div class="sf-publications-item__header"> <div class="sf-publications-item__date"> <span>21 November 2024</span> </div> <a href="/publications/i/item/9789240095403"> <h3 class="sf-publications-item__title">All for Health, Health for All: investment case 2025–2028</h3> </a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__description"> <p>All for Health, Health for All is WHO’s third investment case and has been produced alongside the Fourteenth General Programme of Work (GPW 14) to... </p> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__actions"> <div class="sf-publications-item__file"> <a class="download-url " href="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376856/9789240095403-eng.pdf?sequence=1" aria-label="Download" target="_blank">Download</a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__url"> <a href="/publications/i/item/9789240095403" class="page-url" aria-label="Read More">Read More</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item list-item col-sm-3"> <div class="sf-publications-item__container"> <figure class="sf-publications-item__figure"> <img src="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/379576/9789240103603-eng.pdf.jpg?sequence=4" alt="Multiple first-line therapies as part of the response to antimalarial drug resistance" /> </figure> <div class="sf-publications-item__body"> <div class="sf-publications-item__header"> <div class="sf-publications-item__date"> <span>20 November 2024</span> </div> <a href="/publications/i/item/9789240103603"> <h3 class="sf-publications-item__title">Multiple first-line therapies as part of the response to antimalarial drug resistance</h3> </a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__description"> <p>Effective malaria case management requires quick access to diagnostics and antimalarial treatments to reduce illness and death. Artemisinin-based combination... </p> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__actions"> <div class="sf-publications-item__file"> <a class="download-url " href="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/379576/9789240103603-eng.pdf?sequence=1" aria-label="Download" target="_blank">Download</a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__url"> <a href="/publications/i/item/9789240103603" class="page-url" aria-label="Read More">Read More</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="PageContent_C090_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><div class="arrowed-link"><a href="/publications/book-orders">Book orders</a></div><div class="arrowed-link"><a href="/publications/journals">Journals and series</a></div><div class="arrowed-link"><a href="/publications/who-guidelines">WHO guidelines</a></div></div> </div> <div class="mdc-card mdc-card--horizontal bg-tertiary" role="article"> <div class="mdc-card__primary-action "> <a href="/publications/b" class="link" rel="noopener" target="_self"> <div class="mdc-card__media"> <img src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/digital-health/gidh/become-involved34cc2e21-7309-4830-9592-49a5a3c51d78.jpg?sfvrsn=b6cca636_3" title="Become involved" alt=""> </div> <div class="card-media--item"> <div class="card-media-primary"> <div id="884180df840a4e7cae59efcaff7aee49" class="item--title">New digital publications site</div> <div class="item--subtitle"></div> </div> <div class="card-media-secondary"> <div class="item--abstract"> This page and linked pages display WHO publications in various digital formats. </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><p>   </p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="PageContent_C102_Col02" class="sf_colsIn col-md-1" data-sf-element="Column 3" data-placeholder-label="Column 3"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="PageContent_C019_Col00" class="sf_colsIn background-widget bg-light-gray" data-sf-element="Background widget" data-placeholder-label="Background widget"><div id="PageContent_C017_Col00" class="sf_colsIn container" data-sf-element="Container" data-placeholder-label="Container"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="PageContent_C106_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-1" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> </div> <div id="PageContent_C106_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-10" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="PageContent_C117_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-6" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> <div class="mdc-card mdc-card--horizontal" role="article"> <div class="mdc-card__primary-action "> <a href="https://apps.who.int/iris/" class="link" rel="noopener" target="_self"> <div class="mdc-card__media"> <img src="/images/default-source/wpro/our-work/iris-logo.png?sfvrsn=5ec053f0_10" title="iris_logo" alt="iris_logo"> </div> <div class="card-media--item"> <div class="card-media-primary"> <div id="8ca1d871beb6467bb5c4302229ab83c2" class="item--title">Institutional Repository for Information Sharing (IRIS)</div> <div class="item--subtitle"></div> </div> <div class="card-media-secondary"> <div class="item--abstract"> Browse our digital library, If you cannot find a publication on our website. </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="PageContent_C117_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-6" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> <div class="mdc-card mdc-card--horizontal" role="article"> <div class="mdc-card__primary-action "> <a href="/library" class="link" rel="noopener" target="_self"> <div class="mdc-card__media"> <img src="/images/default-source/searo---images/imd-images/library2.jpeg?sfvrsn=40e7e11e_8" title="library2" alt="library2"> </div> <div class="card-media--item"> <div class="card-media-primary"> <div id="8468c6bf0d7b42ffa037ea717f908cdb" class="item--title">WHO Library</div> <div class="item--subtitle"></div> </div> <div class="card-media-secondary"> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><p> </p><p> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="PageContent_C106_Col02" class="sf_colsIn col-md-1" data-sf-element="Column 3" data-placeholder-label="Column 3"> </div> </div> <div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="PageContent_C108_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-1" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> </div> <div id="PageContent_C108_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-10" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> <div class="section-heading"> <h2>Publications produced by regional offices</h2> </div> <div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="PageContent_C125_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-1" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> </div> <div id="PageContent_C125_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-10" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="PageContent_C058_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-6" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><div class="arrowed-link"><a data-sf-ec-immutable="" href="https://www.afro.who.int/publications" target="_blank">African Region</a></div><div class="arrowed-link"><a data-sf-ec-immutable="" href="https://www.paho.org/en/publications" target="_blank">Region of the Americas</a></div><div class="arrowed-link"><a data-sf-ec-immutable="" href="http://www.emro.who.int/e-library/index.html" target="_blank">Eastern Mediterranean Region</a></div><div class="arrowed-link"><a href="https://www.who.int/europe/publications" data-sf-ec-immutable="" target="_blank" data-sf-marked="">European Region</a></div><div class="arrowed-link"><a target="_blank" href="/southeastasia/publications">South-East Asia Region</a></div><div class="arrowed-link"><a target="_blank" href="/westernpacific/our-work/resources/publications">Western Pacific Region</a></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="PageContent_C058_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-6" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> <div class="sf-image "> <img class="lazy" data-src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/cover-images/world-map.tmb-549v.png?sfvrsn=74d7f83c_8" data-image="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/default-source/cover-images/world-map.tmb-549v.png?sfvrsn=74d7f83c_8" title="interconnect network grey worldmap" alt="interconnect network grey worldmap" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="PageContent_C125_Col02" class="sf_colsIn col-md-1" data-sf-element="Column 3" data-placeholder-label="Column 3"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="PageContent_C108_Col02" class="sf_colsIn col-md-1" data-sf-element="Column 3" data-placeholder-label="Column 3"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section>   <footer id="sf-footer"> <div class="main-footer"> <div id="Footer_TD9F2A204001_Col00" class="sf_colsIn container" data-sf-element="Container" data-placeholder-label="Container"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="Footer_T75121FDA252_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-8" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> <div class="main-navigation--wrapper" id="19c75b0f31734b2789c08c023e78cbb6" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation navVertical"> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/regions" target="_self">Regions</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/regions/africa" target="_blank">Africa</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/regions/americas" target="_blank">Americas</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/regions/eastern-mediterranen" target="_blank">Eastern Mediterranean</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/regions/europe" target="_blank">Europe</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/regions/south-east-asia" target="_self">South-East Asia</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/regions/western-pacific" target="_self">Western Pacific</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/who-policies" target="_self">Policies</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/who-policies/cybersecurity" target="_self">Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/who-policies/ethics" target="_self">Ethics</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/who-policies/information-disclosure" target="_blank">Information disclosure</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/who-policies/permissions-and-licensing" target="_self">Permissions and licensing</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/who-policies/preventing-sexual-exploitation" target="_self">Preventing sexual exploitation</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/who-policies/terms-of-use" target="_self">Terms of use</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/about-us" target="_self">About us</a> <ul class="sub-level"> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/about-us/careers" target="_self">Careers</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/about-us/frequently-asked-questions" target="_self">Frequently asked questions</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/about-us/library" target="_self">Library</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/about-us/newsletters" target="_self">Newsletters</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/about-us/procurement" target="_self">Procurement</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/redirect-pages/footer/about-us/publications" target="_self">Publications</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Footer_T75121FDA252_Col01" class="sf_colsIn col-md-4" data-sf-element="Column 2" data-placeholder-label="Column 2"> <nav id="f77011948689486a94f529829919a595" role="navigation"> <ul class="main-navigation"> <li class=""><a href="/about/contact-us" target="_self">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><div class="button button-dark-background" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/about/ethics/integrity-hotline">Report misconduct</a></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="Footer_T75121FDA199_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-logo"> <a href="/" title="Home"> <img src="/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/images/logos/en/h-logo-white.svg" alt="Home" class="logo" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="bottom-footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><a href="/about/policies/privacy">Privacy policy</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block socialmedia-icons" > <div ><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/who?sub_confirmation=1" title="Follow WHO on Youtube" target="_blank" data-sf-ec-immutable=""><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 576 512"> <path d="M549.655 124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781 64 288 64 288 64S117.22 64 74.629 75.486c-23.497 6.322-42.003 24.947-48.284 48.597-11.412 42.867-11.412 132.305-11.412 132.305s0 89.438 11.412 132.305c6.281 23.65 24.787 41.5 48.284 47.821C117.22 448 288 448 288 448s170.78 0 213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321 42.003-24.171 48.284-47.821 11.412-42.867 11.412-132.305 11.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51 213.508V175.185l142.739 81.205-142.739 81.201z" fill="white"></path></svg></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/follow?source=followbutton&variant=1.0&screen_name=who" title="Follow WHO on Twitter" target="_blank" data-sf-ec-immutable=""><svg width="1200" height="1227" viewBox="0 0 1200 1227" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z" fill="white"></path></svg></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/WHO" title="Follow WHO on Facebook" target="_blank" data-sf-ec-immutable=""><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"> <path d="M279.14 288l14.22-92.66h-88.91v-60.13c0-25.35 12.42-50.06 52.24-50.06h40.42V6.26S260.43 0 225.36 0c-73.22 0-121.08 44.38-121.08 124.72v70.62H22.89V288h81.39v224h100.17V288z" fill="white"></path></svg></a> <a href="https://instagram.com/who" title="Follow WHO on Instagram" target="_blank" data-sf-ec-immutable=""><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"> <path d="M224.1 141c-63.6 0-114.9 51.3-114.9 114.9s51.3 114.9 114.9 114.9S339 319.5 339 255.9 287.7 141 224.1 141zm0 189.6c-41.1 0-74.7-33.5-74.7-74.7s33.5-74.7 74.7-74.7 74.7 33.5 74.7 74.7-33.6 74.7-74.7 74.7zm146.4-194.3c0 14.9-12 26.8-26.8 26.8-14.9 0-26.8-12-26.8-26.8s12-26.8 26.8-26.8 26.8 12 26.8 26.8zm76.1 27.2c-1.7-35.9-9.9-67.7-36.2-93.9-26.2-26.2-58-34.4-93.9-36.2-37-2.1-147.9-2.1-184.9 0-35.8 1.7-67.6 9.9-93.9 36.1s-34.4 58-36.2 93.9c-2.1 37-2.1 147.9 0 184.9 1.7 35.9 9.9 67.7 36.2 93.9s58 34.4 93.9 36.2c37 2.1 147.9 2.1 184.9 0 35.9-1.7 67.7-9.9 93.9-36.2 26.2-26.2 34.4-58 36.2-93.9 2.1-37 2.1-147.8 0-184.8zM398.8 388c-7.8 19.6-22.9 34.7-42.6 42.6-29.5 11.7-99.5 9-132.1 9s-102.7 2.6-132.1-9c-19.6-7.8-34.7-22.9-42.6-42.6-11.7-29.5-9-99.5-9-132.1s-2.6-102.7 9-132.1c7.8-19.6 22.9-34.7 42.6-42.6 29.5-11.7 99.5-9 132.1-9s102.7-2.6 132.1 9c19.6 7.8 34.7 22.9 42.6 42.6 11.7 29.5 9 99.5 9 132.1s2.7 102.7-9 132.1z" fill="white"></path></svg></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/world-health-organization" title="Follow WHO on LinkedIn" target="_blank" data-sf-ec-immutable=""><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"> <path d="M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3zM135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zm-33.2-243c-21.3 0-38.5-17.3-38.5-38.5S80.9 96 102.2 96c21.2 0 38.5 17.3 38.5 38.5 0 21.3-17.2 38.5-38.5 38.5zm282.1 243h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9V416z" fill="white"></path></svg></a> <a href="https://www.snapchat.com/add/who" title="Follow WHO on Snapchat" target="_blank" data-sf-ec-immutable=""><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <path d="M496.926,366.6c-3.373-9.176-9.8-14.086-17.112-18.153-1.376-.806-2.641-1.451-3.72-1.947-2.182-1.128-4.414-2.22-6.634-3.373-22.8-12.09-40.609-27.341-52.959-45.42a102.889,102.889,0,0,1-9.089-16.12c-1.054-3.013-1-4.724-.248-6.287a10.221,10.221,0,0,1,2.914-3.038c3.918-2.591,7.96-5.22,10.7-6.993,4.885-3.162,8.754-5.667,11.246-7.44,9.362-6.547,15.909-13.5,20-21.278a42.371,42.371,0,0,0,2.1-35.191c-6.2-16.318-21.613-26.449-40.287-26.449a55.543,55.543,0,0,0-11.718,1.24c-1.029.224-2.059.459-3.063.72.174-11.16-.074-22.94-1.066-34.534-3.522-40.758-17.794-62.123-32.674-79.16A130.167,130.167,0,0,0,332.1,36.443C309.515,23.547,283.91,17,256,17S202.6,23.547,180,36.443a129.735,129.735,0,0,0-33.281,26.783c-14.88,17.038-29.152,38.44-32.673,79.161-.992,11.594-1.24,23.435-1.079,34.533-1-.26-2.021-.5-3.051-.719a55.461,55.461,0,0,0-11.717-1.24c-18.687,0-34.125,10.131-40.3,26.449a42.423,42.423,0,0,0,2.046,35.228c4.105,7.774,10.652,14.731,20.014,21.278,2.48,1.736,6.361,4.24,11.246,7.44,2.641,1.711,6.5,4.216,10.28,6.72a11.054,11.054,0,0,1,3.3,3.311c.794,1.624.818,3.373-.36,6.6a102.02,102.02,0,0,1-8.94,15.785c-12.077,17.669-29.363,32.648-51.434,44.639C32.355,348.608,20.2,352.75,15.069,366.7c-3.868,10.528-1.339,22.506,8.494,32.6a49.137,49.137,0,0,0,12.4,9.387,134.337,134.337,0,0,0,30.342,12.139,20.024,20.024,0,0,1,6.126,2.741c3.583,3.137,3.075,7.861,7.849,14.78a34.468,34.468,0,0,0,8.977,9.127c10.019,6.919,21.278,7.353,33.207,7.811,10.776.41,22.989.881,36.939,5.481,5.778,1.91,11.78,5.605,18.736,9.92C194.842,480.951,217.707,495,255.973,495s61.292-14.123,78.118-24.428c6.907-4.24,12.872-7.9,18.489-9.758,13.949-4.613,26.163-5.072,36.939-5.481,11.928-.459,23.187-.893,33.206-7.812a34.584,34.584,0,0,0,10.218-11.16c3.434-5.84,3.348-9.919,6.572-12.771a18.971,18.971,0,0,1,5.753-2.629A134.893,134.893,0,0,0,476.02,408.71a48.344,48.344,0,0,0,13.019-10.193l.124-.149C498.389,388.5,500.708,376.867,496.926,366.6Zm-34.013,18.277c-20.745,11.458-34.533,10.23-45.259,17.137-9.114,5.865-3.72,18.513-10.342,23.076-8.134,5.617-32.177-.4-63.239,9.858-25.618,8.469-41.961,32.822-88.038,32.822s-62.036-24.3-88.076-32.884c-31-10.255-55.092-4.241-63.239-9.858-6.609-4.563-1.24-17.211-10.341-23.076-10.739-6.907-24.527-5.679-45.26-17.075-13.206-7.291-5.716-11.8-1.314-13.937,75.143-36.381,87.133-92.552,87.666-96.719.645-5.046,1.364-9.014-4.191-14.148-5.369-4.96-29.189-19.7-35.8-24.316-10.937-7.638-15.748-15.264-12.2-24.638,2.48-6.485,8.531-8.928,14.879-8.928a27.643,27.643,0,0,1,5.965.67c12,2.6,23.659,8.617,30.392,10.242a10.749,10.749,0,0,0,2.48.335c3.6,0,4.86-1.811,4.612-5.927-.768-13.132-2.628-38.725-.558-62.644,2.84-32.909,13.442-49.215,26.04-63.636,6.051-6.932,34.484-36.976,88.857-36.976s82.88,29.92,88.931,36.827c12.611,14.421,23.225,30.727,26.04,63.636,2.071,23.919.285,49.525-.558,62.644-.285,4.327,1.017,5.927,4.613,5.927a10.648,10.648,0,0,0,2.48-.335c6.745-1.624,18.4-7.638,30.4-10.242a27.641,27.641,0,0,1,5.964-.67c6.386,0,12.4,2.48,14.88,8.928,3.546,9.374-1.24,17-12.189,24.639-6.609,4.612-30.429,19.343-35.8,24.315-5.568,5.134-4.836,9.1-4.191,14.149.533,4.228,12.511,60.4,87.666,96.718C468.629,373.011,476.119,377.524,462.913,384.877Z" fill="white"></path></svg></a> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@who?lang=en" title="Follow WHO on TikTok" target="_blank" data-sf-ec-immutable=""><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"> <path d="M448,209.91a210.06,210.06,0,0,1-122.77-39.25V349.38A162.55,162.55,0,1,1,185,188.31V278.2a74.62,74.62,0,1,0,52.23,71.18V0l88,0a121.18,121.18,0,0,0,1.86,22.17h0A122.18,122.18,0,0,0,381,102.39a121.43,121.43,0,0,0,67,20.14Z" fill="white"></path></svg></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 copyright"> <span> © </span> 2024 <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><a href="/about/policies/terms-of-use">WHO</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer>   </div> <script> window.__define = window.define; window.__require = window.require; window.define = undefined; window.require = undefined; </script> <script src="https://kendo.cdn.telerik.com/2021.1.119/js/kendo.all.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://kendo.cdn.telerik.com/2021.1.119/js/kendo.timezones.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/responsivelylazy.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/3.11.4/gsap.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/3.11.4/ScrollTrigger.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/3.11.4/ScrollToPlugin.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/parallax.min.js?package=WHO" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/Frontend-Assembly/Telerik.Sitefinity.Frontend.Search/Mvc/Scripts/SearchBox/Search-box.min.js?package=WHO&v=MTA1MjIyNTM0" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/Frontend-Assembly/Telerik.Sitefinity.Frontend.Navigation/Mvc/Scripts/LanguageSelector/language-selector.min.js?package=WHO&v=MTQuMy44MDMxLjA%3d" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/Mvc/Scripts/ContentBlock/content-block.min.js?package=WHO" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/Mvc/Scripts/HeroImage/responsive-background-image.min.js?package=WHO" type="text/javascript"></script><script type="application/json" id="PersonalizationTracker"> {"IsPagePersonalizationTarget":false,"IsUrlPersonalizationTarget":false,"PageId":"0cb2f8d5-1ad3-4380-8eea-629530a679bf"} </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/WebResource.axd?d=Oiw5o8i74rDb2VpVaCaMStPoJ1dBeSniQ1UcN-tajp7S6UQI4QFVCojlg1ewuf339ZIyq0NtnQlSiEw1RQXcWIVwl_-LxzVLlNCkT-5fM3qvVhZCKMRq6X6cWc42Aw4Db6sa87yi7j5Hio4wozQZMklgyIbXX4yGQn_Sh0nCPeRw8nypcGpUIdT0MqtRIOGgRLfw327mU3tc3-bA3UOOd_v176Q1&t=638628734060000000"> </script><input data-sf-role='en' type='hidden' value='https://www.who.int/publications'><input data-sf-role='ar' type='hidden' value='https://www.who.int/ar/publications'><input data-sf-role='zh' type='hidden' value='https://www.who.int/zh/publications'><input data-sf-role='fr' type='hidden' value='https://www.who.int/fr/publications'><input data-sf-role='ru' type='hidden' value='https://www.who.int/ru/publications'><input data-sf-role='es' type='hidden' value='https://www.who.int/es/publications'>  <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/lib/slicknav.min.js?v=14.0.7729.19549'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/lib/auto-complete.min.js?v=14.0.7729.19549'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/lib/match-height.min.js?v=14.0.7729.19549'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/lib/lazy.min.js?v=14.0.7729.19549'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/lib/modernizr-custom.js?v=14.0.7729.19549'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/lib/select2.full.min.js?v=14.0.7729.19549'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/accordion-footer-list.min.js?v=14.0.7729.19549'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/main.min.js?v=14.0.7729.19549'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/main-navigation.min.js?v=14.0.7729.19549'></script><script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/geo-navigation.min.js?v=14.0.7729.19549'></script>  <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/image-resolution.min.js?v=14.0.7729.19549'></script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "CollectionPage", "name": "Publications", "description": "" } </script> <script> // Picture element HTML5 shiv document.createElement("picture"); </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/lib/picturefill.min.js?v=14.0.7729.19549'></script> <script> window.define = window.__define; window.require = window.__require; window.__define = undefined; window.__require = undefined; </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Publications