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Tersedia dalam 24 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pel%C3%ADcula_de_35_mm" title="Película de 35 mm – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Película de 35 mm" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_35_mm" title="Film 35 mm – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Film 35 mm" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/35_mm" title="35 mm – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="35 mm" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/35-mm-Film" title="35-mm-Film – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="35-mm-Film" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35_mm_movie_film" title="35 mm movie film – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="35 mm movie film" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pel%C3%ADcula_de_35_mm" title="Película de 35 mm – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Película de 35 mm" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmo_35mm" title="Filmo 35mm – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Filmo 35mm" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format_35_mm" title="Format 35 mm – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Format 35 mm" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/35mm_%ED%95%84%EB%A6%84" title="35mm 필름 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="35mm 필름" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/35_millimetri_(pellicola_cinematografica)" title="35 millimetri (pellicola cinematografica) – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="35 millimetri (pellicola cinematografica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/35_mm_filma" title="35 mm filma – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="35 mm filma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/35_mm-es_film" title="35 mm-es film – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="35 mm-es film" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/35mm-film" title="35mm-film – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="35mm-film" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/35%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AA%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A0" title="35ミリフィルム – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="35ミリフィルム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/35mm-film" title="35mm-film – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="35mm-film" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C5%9Bma_filmowa_35_mm" title="Taśma filmowa 35 mm – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Taśma filmowa 35 mm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/35_mm" title="35 mm – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="35 mm" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/35-%D0%BC%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="35-мм киноплёнка – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="35-мм киноплёнка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/35_mm_film" title="35 mm film – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="35 mm film" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinofilmi" title="Kinofilmi – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kinofilmi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/35_mm_film" title="35 mm film – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="35 mm film" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/35_mm" title="35 mm – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="35 mm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8E_35_%D0%BC%D0%BC" title="Кіноплівка шириною 35 мм – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кіноплівка шириною 35 мм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/35%E6%AF%AB%E7%B1%B3%E8%86%A0%E7%89%87" title="35毫米膠片 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="35毫米膠片" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q226528#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Filem_35_mm" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Filem_35_mm" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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href="/wiki/Filem_35_mm"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filem_35_mm&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filem_35_mm&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filem_35_mm&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Filem_35_mm"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filem_35_mm&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item 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href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFilem_35_mm"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Filem+35+mm"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Filem_35_mm&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filem_35_mm&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:35_mm_film" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q226528" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" 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aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Kodachrome_II_-_Film_for_colour_slides.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kodachrome_II_-_Film_for_colour_slides.jpg/250px-Kodachrome_II_-_Film_for_colour_slides.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="384" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kodachrome_II_-_Film_for_colour_slides.jpg/375px-Kodachrome_II_-_Film_for_colour_slides.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kodachrome_II_-_Film_for_colour_slides.jpg/500px-Kodachrome_II_-_Film_for_colour_slides.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1976" data-file-height="3032" /></a><figcaption>Filem 35 mm jenama Kodachrome II dipasarkan bagi fotografi pegun dalam kaset <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filem_135&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filem 135 (laman tidak wujud)">filem <i>135</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Filem 35 mm</b> ialah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tolok_filem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tolok filem (laman tidak wujud)">tolok filem</a> yang paling biasa digunakan bagi <a href="/wiki/Fotografi" title="Fotografi">fotografi</a> pegun kimia (lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filem_135&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filem 135 (laman tidak wujud)">filem 135</a>) dan <a href="/wiki/Wayang" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang">wayang</a>. Nama tolok ini merujuk kepada lebar <a href="/wiki/Filem_foto" title="Filem foto">filem foto</a>, yang terdiri daripada jalur selebar 34.98 ±0.03 mm (1.377 ±0.001 inci).<sup id="cite_ref-JSMPE_May_1954_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSMPE_May_1954-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JSMPE_May_1930_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSMPE_May_1930-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JSMPE_Oct_1933_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSMPE_Oct_1933-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JSMPE_Dec_1933_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSMPE_Dec_1933-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dicksonsmpte_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dicksonsmpte-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-smpte139_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smpte139-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarik_turun_negatif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarik turun negatif (laman tidak wujud)">Tarik turun negatif</a> piawai bagi wayang (format "bingkai-tunggal") ialah empat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tebukan_filem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tebukan filem (laman tidak wujud)">tebukan</a> tiap <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bingkai_filem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bingkai filem (laman tidak wujud)">bingkai</a> di kedua-dua pinggir, yang menghasilkan 16 bingkai tiap kaki filem.<sup id="cite_ref-acm_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acm-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bagi fotografi pegun, bingkai piawai memiliki lapan tebukan di setiap tepi. </p><p>Pelbagai jenis tolok, kebanyakannya proprietari, direka bagi berbagai-bagai jenis kamera dan sistem penayangan yang dibangunkan pada akhir abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20, daripada 13 mm hinggalah 75 mm (0.51–2.95 in),<sup id="cite_ref-gauges_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gauges-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> selain daripada pelbagai jenis sistem penyuapan filem. Ini menyebabkan kamera, projektor dan peralatan lain perlu ditentukur kepada setiap tolok. Lebar 35 mm, asalnya ditentukan sebagai 1.375 inci, diperkenalkan pada 1892 oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Kennedy_Dickson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Kennedy Dickson (laman tidak wujud)">William Dickson</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a>, mengunakan stok filem yang disediakan <a href="/wiki/George_Eastman" title="George Eastman">George Eastman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dicksonsmpte_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dicksonsmpte-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lebar 35 mm dengan empat tebukan per bingkai diterima sebagai tolok piawai antarabangsa pada 1909,<sup id="cite_ref-alsobrook_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alsobrook-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan kekal sebagai tolok filem paling dominan bagi pengasalan dan penayangan imej walaupun dicabar tolok yang lebih kecil atau besar, dan daripada format baharu, kerana saiznya membenarkan keseimbangan yang agak baik antara kos stok filem dan kualiti imej yang ditangkap. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filem_35_mm&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filem_35_mm&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6415981">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-JSMPE_May_1954-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JSMPE_May_1954_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6405196">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/stream/journalofsociety62socirich#page/395/mode/1up">"PH22.36-1954, American Standard, Dimensions for 35 mm Motion-Picture Positive Raw Stock"</a>. <i>Journal of the SMPTE</i>. <b>62</b>: 395. 1954. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/5929156">5929156</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+SMPTE&rft.atitle=PH22.36-1954%2C+American+Standard%2C+Dimensions+for+35+mm+Motion-Picture+Positive+Raw+Stock&rft.volume=62&rft.pages=395&rft.date=1954&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5929156&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fstream%2Fjournalofsociety62socirich%23page%2F395%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AFilem+35+mm" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JSMPE_May_1930-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JSMPE_May_1930_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFSociety_of_Motion_Picture_Engineers1930" class="citation journal cs1">Society of Motion Picture Engineers (1930). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/stream/journalofsociety14socirich#page/552/mode/2up">"Standards Adopted by the Society of Motion Picture Engineers"</a>. <i>Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers</i>. <b>XIV</b> (5): 545–566.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Society+of+Motion+Picture+Engineers&rft.atitle=Standards+Adopted+by+the+Society+of+Motion+Picture+Engineers&rft.volume=XIV&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=545-566&rft.date=1930&rft.au=Society+of+Motion+Picture+Engineers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fstream%2Fjournalofsociety14socirich%23page%2F552%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AFilem+35+mm" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JSMPE_Oct_1933-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JSMPE_Oct_1933_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFJones,_Loyd_A.1933" class="citation journal cs1">Jones, Loyd A. (1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/stream/journalofsociety21socirich#page/290/mode/2up">"A Historical Summary of Standardization in the Society of Motion Picture Engineers"</a>. <i>Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers</i>. <b>XXI</b> (4): 280–293.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Society+of+Motion+Picture+Engineers&rft.atitle=A+Historical+Summary+of+Standardization+in+the+Society+of+Motion+Picture+Engineers&rft.volume=XXI&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=280-293&rft.date=1933&rft.au=Jones%2C+Loyd+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fstream%2Fjournalofsociety21socirich%23page%2F290%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AFilem+35+mm" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JSMPE_Dec_1933-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JSMPE_Dec_1933_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFDickson,_W._K._L.1933" class="citation journal cs1">Dickson, W. K. L. (1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/stream/journalofsociety21socirich#page/434/mode/2up">"A Brief History of the Kinetograph, The Kinetoscope and The Kineto-Phonograph"</a>. <i>Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers</i>. Society of Motion Picture Engineers. <b>XXI</b> (6): 435–455<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">13 Mac</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Society+of+Motion+Picture+Engineers&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Kinetograph%2C+The+Kinetoscope+and+The+Kineto-Phonograph&rft.volume=XXI&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=435-455&rft.date=1933&rft.au=Dickson%2C+W.+K.+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fstream%2Fjournalofsociety21socirich%23page%2F434%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AFilem+35+mm" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dicksonsmpte-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dicksonsmpte_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dicksonsmpte_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">1.377 ±0.001 inches (34.98 ±0.03 mm) is the actual dimension specified by <a href="#note-smpte139">SMPTE</a>. Initially, the size was created by Dickson as 1-⅜" in collaboration with Eastman, and was in standard, not metric, units. An account of this is given in an article by Dickson in the December, 1933 SMPTE Journal cited above. This size was also exactly half the width of the 2-¾ inch-wide (69.85 mm) "A-type" rollfilm which was the standard Eastman size at the time. The standard size was increased at the May 1929 meeting of the SMPE and published in 1930. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.subclub.org/shop/halframe.htm">"Half Frame Cameras"</a>. Dicapai 12 Ogos 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eastman.org/fm/mees/htmlsrc/mE12900002_ful.html">"Enhancing the Illusion: The Process and Origins of Photography"</a>, George Eastman House. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080117183418/http://www.eastman.org/fm/mees/htmlsrc/mE12900002_ful.html">Diarkibkan</a> 2008-01-17 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smpte139-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smpte139_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ANSI/SMPTE 139–1996. <i>SMPTE STANDARD for Motion-Picture Film (35 mm) - Perforated KS.</i> Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. White Plains, NY.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acm-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-acm_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hummel, Rob (ed). <i>American Cinematographer Manual</i>, edisi ke-8. ASC Press: Hollywood, 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gauges-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gauges_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horak, Jan-Christopher. <a href="/wiki/UCLA" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA">UCLA</a> Film and Television Archive, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.cinema.ucla.edu/TANK/GaugesHorak.htm">"Introduction to Film Gauges"</a>. Dicapai 18 Mei 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alsobrook-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-alsobrook_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alsobrook, Russ T. 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