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Norma Major - Wikipedia

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class="mw-page-title-main">Norma Major</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Dame Norma Major</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Dame_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire">DBE</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Frameless"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Norma_Major_at_the_Women%27s_Institute_(cropped).jpg" class="new" title="File:Norma Major at the Women&#39;s Institute (cropped).jpg"><span class="mw-file-element 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class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Denis_Thatcher" title="Denis Thatcher">Denis Thatcher</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cherie_Blair" title="Cherie Blair">Cherie Blair</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Norma Christina Elizabeth Wagstaff</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1942-02-12</span>) </span>12 February 1942<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;82)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Sir John Major</a></div>&#32;<div style="display:inline-block;">&#8203;</div>&#40;<abbr title="married">m.</abbr>&#160;<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="3 October 1970">1970</span>&#41;<wbr />&#8203;</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/London_South_Bank_University" title="London South Bank University">London South Bank University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dressmaker" title="Dressmaker">Dressmaker</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Philanthropist" class="mw-redirect" title="Philanthropist">philanthropist</a></li><li>writer</li><li><a href="/wiki/Biographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Biographer">biographer</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dame Norma Christina Elizabeth Major, Lady Major</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100;"><a href="/wiki/Dame_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire">DBE</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (<span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a>&#160;<b>Wagstaff</b></span>, formerly <b>Johnson</b>; born 12 February 1942) is an English philanthropist who is the wife of <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Sir John Major</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2></div> <p>She is the daughter of the late Norman Wagstaff and the late Edith Johnson, and was born Norma Christina Elizabeth Wagstaff. She was born in <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a> while her father was stationed there. He was killed in a motorcycle accident a few days after the end of the Second World War, when Norma was just three years old, and her mother subsequently reverted to using her maiden name, so she was called <b>Norma Johnson</b> while growing up. </p><p>Norma Johnson was educated at a boarding school in <a href="/wiki/Bexhill-on-Sea" title="Bexhill-on-Sea">Bexhill-on-Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oakfield_Preparatory_School" title="Oakfield Preparatory School">Oakfield Preparatory School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dulwich" title="Dulwich">Dulwich</a>, and Peckham School for Girls where she was <a href="/wiki/Head_girl" class="mw-redirect" title="Head girl">head girl</a>. She was a skilled <a href="/wiki/Dressmaker" title="Dressmaker">dressmaker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-John_Major_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Major-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> She was also a member of the <a href="/wiki/Young_Conservatives_(UK)" title="Young Conservatives (UK)">Young Conservatives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-John_Major_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Major-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>At a <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> meeting during the campaign for the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Council_election,_1970" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater London Council election, 1970">1970 Greater London Council elections</a> she was introduced to <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-John_Major_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Major-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> They married on 3 October 1970. </p><p>The Majors have a son, James Major,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and a daughter, Elizabeth Major.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> She kept a low profile during her time as wife to the Prime Minister (1990–1997), doing charity work and writing two books, <i><a href="/wiki/Chequers" title="Chequers">Chequers</a>: The Prime Minister's Country House and its History</i> (1997) and <i><a href="/wiki/Joan_Sutherland" title="Joan Sutherland">Joan Sutherland</a>: The Authorised Biography</i> (1994).<sup id="cite_ref-John_Major_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Major-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1999, she was created a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a> (DBE) in the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Birthday_Honours" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen&#39;s Birthday Honours">Queen's Birthday Honours</a>, in recognition of her charity work.<sup id="cite_ref-John_Major_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Major-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Major is a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Mencap" title="Mencap">Mencap</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-John_Major_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Major-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and has been credited with helping to raise £6 million for the charity.<sup id="cite_ref-dbe_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dbe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Titles_from_birth">Titles from birth</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Major_in_Garter_procession.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/John_Major_in_Garter_procession.jpg/170px-John_Major_in_Garter_procession.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/John_Major_in_Garter_procession.jpg/255px-John_Major_in_Garter_procession.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/John_Major_in_Garter_procession.jpg 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption>Husband <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Sir John Major</a> wearing his robes in 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>Major's styles since her birth in chronological order are: </p> <ul><li>1942–1945: Miss Norma Wagstaff</li> <li>1945–1970: Miss Norma Johnson</li> <li>1970–1999: Mrs John Major</li> <li>1999–present: <a href="/wiki/Dame" title="Dame">Dame</a> Norma Major <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Dame_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire">DBE</a></span></span></li></ul> <p>Norma Major has been created a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a> and she is named as <i>Dame Norma Major</i> in legal documents. As the wife of a <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Garter">Knight of the Garter</a>, she may use also the courtesy title of "Lady" as a prefix to her surname, provided she uses her husband's surname. Although this title places her higher in the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_England_and_Wales#Women" title="Order of precedence in England and Wales">Order of Precedence</a> than her Damehood, she prefers to use the style <i>Dame Norma Major</i> as she acquired this distinction in her own right. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A wife of a knight who is also appointed a dame, may choose between her own style, Dame [given names] [surname], or the style of a wife of a knight, Lady [surname].<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Major prefers to use the style <i>Dame Norma Major</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-dbe_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dbe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> as she acquired this distinction in her own right.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090807112826/http://www.debretts.com/forms-of-address/titles/dame.aspx">"Dame"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Debrett%27s" title="Debrett&#39;s">Debrett's</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debretts.com/forms-of-address/titles/dame.aspx">the original</a> on 7 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Debrett%27s&amp;rft.atitle=Dame&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debretts.com%2Fforms-of-address%2Ftitles%2Fdame.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorma+Major" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dbe-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dbe_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dbe_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1999/06/99/queens_birthday_honours/366850.stm">"Norma Major honoured for fundraising"</a>. BBC News. 12 June 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Norma+Major+honoured+for+fundraising&amp;rft.date=1999-06-12&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fspecial_report%2F1999%2F06%2F99%2Fqueens_birthday_honours%2F366850.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorma+Major" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-John_Major-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-John_Major_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_Major_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_Major_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_Major_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_Major_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_Major_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111016063730/http://www.number10.gov.uk/history-and-tour/john-major-2/">"John Major"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gov.uk" title="Gov.uk">gov.uk</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.number10.gov.uk/history-and-tour/john-major-2/">the original</a> on 16 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=gov.uk&amp;rft.atitle=John+Major&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.number10.gov.uk%2Fhistory-and-tour%2Fjohn-major-2%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorma+Major" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;deadurl=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">&#124;url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/856593.stm">"Major minor goes home"</a>. BBC News. 29 July 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Major+minor+goes+home&amp;rft.date=2000-07-29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2F856593.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorma+Major" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/348932.stm">"The miraculous Major-Balls"</a>. BBC News. 21 May 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+miraculous+Major-Balls&amp;rft.date=1999-05-21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2F348932.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorma+Major" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Denis_Thatcher" title="Denis Thatcher">Sir Denis Thatcher</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Spouse_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> </b><br />1990–1997 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Cherie_Blair" title="Cherie Blair">Cherie Blair</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="John_Major" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_Major" title="Template:John Major"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John_Major" title="Template talk:John Major"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_Major" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John Major"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="John_Major" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> (1990–1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_to_the_Treasury" title="Chief Secretary to the Treasury">Chief Secretary to the Treasury</a> (1987–1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs">Foreign Secretary</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> (1989–1990)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_John_Major" title="Premiership of John Major">Premiership</a></li> <li>Major ministry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Major_ministry" title="First Major ministry">First</a>, 1990–1992</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Major_ministry" title="Second Major ministry">Second</a>, 1992–1997</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_John_Major" title="Shadow Cabinet of John Major">Shadow Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-nation_conservatism" title="One-nation conservatism">One-nation conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntingdonshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Huntingdonshire (UK Parliament constituency)">Huntingdonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntingdon_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Huntingdon (UK Parliament constituency)">Huntingdon</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Major_1993_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/John_Major_1993_%283%29.jpg/100px-John_Major_1993_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/John_Major_1993_%283%29.jpg/150px-John_Major_1993_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/John_Major_1993_%283%29.jpg/200px-John_Major_1993_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1099" data-file-height="1529" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Budgets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1991 United Kingdom budget">1991 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1992 United Kingdom budget">1992 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1993_United_Kingdom_budget" title="March 1993 United Kingdom budget">March 1993 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1993_United_Kingdom_budget" title="November 1993 United Kingdom budget">November 1993 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1994 United Kingdom budget">1994 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1995 United Kingdom budget">1995 budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_Kingdom_budget" title="1996 United Kingdom budget">1996 budget</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_Charter" title="Citizen&#39;s Charter">Citizen's Charter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charter_Mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter Mark">Charter Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cones_Hotline" title="Cones Hotline">Cones Hotline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_1990s_recession" title="Early 1990s recession">Early 1990s recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Wednesday" title="Black Wednesday">Black Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Lottery_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Lottery (United Kingdom)">National Lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Further_and_Higher_Education_Act_1992" title="Further and Higher Education Act 1992">Further and Higher Education Act 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant-maintained_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Grant-maintained schools">Grant-maintained schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Rebels" title="Maastricht Rebels">Maastricht Rebels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Newbury_by-election" title="1993 Newbury by-election">1993 Newbury by-election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Northern Ireland peace process</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downing_Street_mortar_attack" title="Downing Street mortar attack">Downing Street mortar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downing_Street_Declaration" title="Downing Street Declaration">Downing Street Declaration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_reviews_of_the_British_honours_system" title="1993 reviews of the British honours system">1993 reviews of the British honours system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_Tax" title="Council Tax">Council Tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Support_Agency" title="Child Support Agency">Child Support Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_vote_of_confidence_in_the_Major_ministry" title="1993 vote of confidence in the Major ministry">1993 vote of confidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_Basics_(campaign)" title="Back to Basics (campaign)">Back to Basics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatisation_of_British_Rail" title="Privatisation of British Rail">Privatisation of British Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_and_Public_Order_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal Justice and Public Order Act">Criminal Justice and Public Order Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1995 Conservative Party leadership election">1995 Conservative Party leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cullen_Reports" title="The Cullen Reports">Cullen Report (Dunblane massacre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cash-for-questions_affair" title="Cash-for-questions affair">Cash for Questions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Standards_in_Public_Life" title="Committee on Standards in Public Life">Committee on Standards in Public Life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms-to-Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Arms-to-Iraq">Arms-to-Iraq affair</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Report" title="Scott Report">Scott Report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_BSE_outbreak" title="United Kingdom BSE outbreak">United Kingdom BSE outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Wirral_South_by-election" title="1997 Wirral South by-election">Wirral South by-election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Prime_Minister%27s_Resignation_Honours" title="1997 Prime Minister&#39;s Resignation Honours">Resignation Honours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_no-fly_zones" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi no-fly zones">Iraqi no-fly zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against Iraq">Sanctions against Iraq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harare_Declaration" title="Harare Declaration">Harare Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gabriel" title="Operation Gabriel">Operation Gabriel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_John_Major" title="Electoral history of John Major">General elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1992 United Kingdom general election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1997 United Kingdom general election">1997</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">European Parliament Election</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1994 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1994</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Party elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1990 Conservative Party leadership election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1995 Conservative Party leadership election">1995</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Major:_The_Autobiography" title="John Major: The Autobiography">John Major: The Autobiography</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/More_Than_a_Game:_The_Story_of_Cricket%27s_Early_Years" title="More Than a Game: The Story of Cricket&#39;s Early Years">More Than a Game: The Story of Cricket's Early Years</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Old_Man:_A_Personal_History_of_Music_Hall" title="My Old Man: A Personal History of Music Hall">My Old Man: A Personal History of Music Hall</a></i> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Norma Major</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Major-Ball" title="Terry Major-Ball">Terry Major-Ball</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Major-Ball" title="Tom Major-Ball">Tom Major-Ball</a> (father)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Thatcher:_The_Final_Days" title="Thatcher: The Final Days">Thatcher: The Final Days</a></i> (TV, 1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_UK" title="Independence Day UK">Independence Day UK</a></i> (Radio, 1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Margaret_(2009_film)" title="Margaret (2009 film)">Margaret</a></i> (TV, 2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Iron_Lady_(film)" title="The Iron Lady (film)">The Iron Lady </a></i> (Film, 2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Audience_(2013_play)" title="The Audience (2013 play)">The Audience</a></i> (Play, 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crown_season_5" title="The Crown season 5"><i>The Crown</i> season 5</a> (TV, 2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>←&#160;<b><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a></b>&#160;→</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:John_Major" title="Category:John Major">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3343721#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3343721#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3343721#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000006315995X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/76606676">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwRVtmR73JmfT83WGC84q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr89003818">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb150776657">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb150776657">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007456479705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shakespeare2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Shakespeare2.jpg/40px-Shakespeare2.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Shakespeare2.jpg/60px-Shakespeare2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Shakespeare2.jpg/80px-Shakespeare2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="173" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This English biographical article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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