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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John Roberts</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 51 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="جون روبرتس – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون روبرتس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Con_Roberts" title="Con Roberts – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Con Roberts" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81" title="Джон Робъртс – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джон Робъртс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_G._Roberts" title="John G. Roberts – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="John G. Roberts" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="John Roberts" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Roberts" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%A1%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%84%CF%82" title="Τζον Ρόμπερτς – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζον Ρόμπερτς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="John Roberts" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Roberts" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="جان رابرتس – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان رابرتس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_G._Roberts,_Jr." title="John G. Roberts, Jr. – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John G. Roberts, Jr." data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%EC%B8%A0" title="존 로버츠 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존 로버츠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%BD" title="Ջոն Ռոբերտս – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջոն Ռոբերտս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="जॉन रॉबर्ट्स – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जॉन रॉबर्ट्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_G._Roberts" title="John G. Roberts – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="John G. Roberts" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John Roberts" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_G._Roberts" title="John G. Roberts – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="John G. Roberts" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_G._Roberts" title="John G. Roberts – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John G. Roberts" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%A1" title="ג'ון רוברטס – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ון רוברטס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜಾನ್ ರಾಬರ್ಟ್ಸ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಾನ್ ರಾಬರ್ಟ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEons_Robertss" title="Džons Robertss – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džons Robertss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="John Roberts" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_G._Roberts" title="John G. Roberts – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="John G. Roberts" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_G._Roberts" title="John G. Roberts – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="John G. Roberts" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81" title="Џон Робертс – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џон Робертс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A4%B8" title="जॉन रॉबर्ट्‌स – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जॉन रॉबर्ट्‌स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3_(%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%89)" title="جون روبرتس (محامى) – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون روبرتس (محامى)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="John Roberts" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts_(rechter)" title="John Roberts (rechter) – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="John Roberts (rechter)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84" title="ジョン・ロバーツ – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・ロバーツ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="John Roberts" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="John Roberts" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Glover_Roberts" title="John Glover Roberts – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="John Glover Roberts" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="John Roberts" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_G._Roberts,_Jr." title="John G. Roberts, Jr. – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="John G. Roberts, Jr." data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Робертс, Джон Гловер – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Робертс, Джон Гловер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="John Roberts" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_G._Roberts" title="John G. Roberts – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="John G. Roberts" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%86%D9%86_%DA%95%DB%86%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="جۆن ڕۆبێرتس – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جۆن ڕۆبێرتس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81" title="Џон Робертс – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џон Робертс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="John Roberts" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="John Roberts" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="John Roberts" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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<td colspan="2" class="fn" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold"><span class="fn">John Roberts</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Official_roberts_CJ.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Roberts"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Official_roberts_CJ.jpg/220px-Official_roberts_CJ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Official_roberts_CJ.jpg/330px-Official_roberts_CJ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Official_roberts_CJ.jpg/440px-Official_roberts_CJ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><br /><div style="padding-top:0.4em"></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><hr /><div style="background:lavender;color: #202122; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Chefsdomare_i_USA:s_h%C3%B6gsta_domstol" title="Chefsdomare i USA:s högsta domstol">Chefsdomare</a> vid <a href="/wiki/USA:s_h%C3%B6gsta_domstol" title="USA:s högsta domstol">USA:s högsta domstol</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;color: #202122;"><b><a href="/wiki/Befattning" title="Befattning">Innehar befattningen</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b>Tillträdde befattningen </b><br /><a href="/wiki/29_september" title="29 september">29 september</a> <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>President </th> <td><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Företrädare </th> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">William Rehnquist</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Född </th> <td><span class="nickname">John Glover Roberts, Jr.</span><br /><a href="/wiki/27_januari" title="27 januari">27 januari</a> <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a><span class="noprint"> (69 år)</span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA"><img alt="USA" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(delstat)" title="New York (delstat)">New York</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Politiskt parti </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republikanska_partiet" title="Republikanska partiet">Republikanerna</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Utbildning" title="Utbildning">Utbildning</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">(<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juris_doktor" title="Juris doktor">J.D.</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Maka </th> <td>Jane Marie Sullivan <small>(1996–)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Barn </th> <td>2 <small>(adopterade)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Namnteckning </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:John_Roberts_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Robertss namnteckning"><img alt="John Robertss namnteckning" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/John_Roberts_signature.svg/128px-John_Roberts_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/John_Roberts_signature.svg/192px-John_Roberts_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/John_Roberts_signature.svg/256px-John_Roberts_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>John Glover Roberts, Jr.</b>, född <a href="/wiki/27_januari" title="27 januari">27 januari</a> <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a> i <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(delstat)" title="New York (delstat)">New York</a>, är en <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">amerikansk</a> <a href="/wiki/Jurist" title="Jurist">jurist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roberts är <a href="/wiki/Chefsdomare_i_USA:s_h%C3%B6gsta_domstol" title="Chefsdomare i USA:s högsta domstol">chefsdomare</a> i <a href="/wiki/USA:s_h%C3%B6gsta_domstol" title="USA:s högsta domstol">USA:s högsta domstol</a> sedan september 2005. När han utsågs var han den yngsta chefsdomaren sedan <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografi">Biografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Roberts&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Biografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Roberts&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Biografi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>John Roberts föddes 1955 i en <a href="/wiki/Romersk-katolsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Romersk-katolsk">romersk-katolsk</a> <a href="/wiki/Medelklass" title="Medelklass">medelklassfamilj</a> i <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a> i <a href="/wiki/New_York_(delstat)" title="New York (delstat)">New York</a> som son till John G. Roberts, Sr. och Rosemary (född Podrasky). Fadern var chef inom stålföretaget <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_Steel" title="Bethlehem Steel">Bethlehem Steel</a>. Under Roberts tidiga barndom flyttade familjen till <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_Indiana" title="Long Beach, Indiana">Long Beach</a> i <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> där han sedan växte upp. Han har tre systrar (Kathy, Peggy och Barbara). </p><p>Roberts avlade <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachelor of Arts">kandidatexamen</a> i <a href="/wiki/Historia" title="Historia">historia</a> vid <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> 1976. Som historiestudent där fick han <i>William Scott Ferguson</i>-priset för uppsatsen <i>Marxism and Bolshevism ; Theory and Practice</i>. Därefter studerade Roberts vid <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>. Han var under sin studietid en av redaktörerna på tidskriften <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_Review" title="Harvard Law Review">Harvard Law Review</a></i>. 1979 avlade han <a href="/wiki/Juris_doktor" title="Juris doktor">juristexamen</a> med <i>magna cum laude</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Roberts gifte sig 1996 med Jane Marie Sullivan, med vilken han har två <a href="/wiki/Adoption" title="Adoption">adopterade</a> barn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karriär"><span id="Karri.C3.A4r"></span>Karriär</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Roberts&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Karriär" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Roberts&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Karriär"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Efter juristexamen 1979 arbetade Robets som juridiskt biträde åt appellationsdomaren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Friendly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Friendly [inte skriven än]">Henry Friendly</a>. Under åren 1980 till 1981 var han biträde åt domaren i högsta domstolen <a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">William Rehnquist</a>, som senare blev chefsdomare.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roberts har sagt sig ha en hög uppfattning om både Friendly och Rehnquist både som jurister och människor. </p><p>Efter <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagans</a> tillträde som <a href="/wiki/USA:s_president" title="USA:s president">USA:s president</a> 1981 blev Roberts utsedd till speciell assistent åt <a href="/wiki/USA:s_justitieminister" title="USA:s justitieminister">USA:s justitieminister</a> <a href="/wiki/William_French_Smith" title="William French Smith">William French Smith</a>. 1982 avancerade Roberts till att istället få en viktig post under <a href="/wiki/Vita_huset" title="Vita huset">Vita husets</a> juridiske rådgivare Fred Fielding i <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reaganadministrationen</a>. Mellan åren 1986–1989 var Roberts verksam vid advokatfirman Hogan & Hartson. 1989 återinträdde Roberts inom det federala rättsväsendet som förste vice statsåklagare. Roberts förde regeringens talan vid 39 juridiska fall inför <a href="/wiki/USA:s_h%C3%B6gsta_domstol" title="USA:s högsta domstol">högsta domstolen</a> och vann 25 fall. 1992 nominerades han av <a href="/wiki/George_H.W._Bush" title="George H.W. Bush">George H.W. Bush</a> till posten som appellationsdomare i <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, men han bekräftades aldrig av senaten.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Efter <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clintons</a> seger vid <a href="/wiki/Presidentvalet_i_USA_1992" title="Presidentvalet i USA 1992">presidentvalet 1992</a> återvände Roberts 1993 till advokatfirman Hogan & Hartson. Han arbetade även vid den juridiska fakulteten vid <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> nominerade Roberts till appellationsdomare 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Utnämningen blockerades av <a href="/wiki/USA:s_senat" title="USA:s senat">USA:s senat</a>, som hade en majoritet av <a href="/wiki/Demokraterna" class="mw-redirect" title="Demokraterna">demokratiska</a> ledamöter. 2003 nominerades Roberts igen och godkändes som appellationsdomare. Mellan åren 2003–2005 var han <a href="/wiki/Domare" title="Domare">domare</a> vid appellationsdomstolen i <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Roberts nominerades först som ordinarie domare i högsta domstolen av president <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> den 19 juli 2005, sedan <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a> meddelat sin avgång.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Efter att den dåvarande <a href="/wiki/Chefsdomare_i_USA:s_h%C3%B6gsta_domstol" title="Chefsdomare i USA:s högsta domstol">chefsdomaren</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">William Rehnquist</a> avlidit den 3 september 2005 drog Bush tillbaka nomineringen av Roberts som ordinarie ledamot, för att istället nominera honom till ny chefsdomare i högsta domstolen. Han godkändes av senatens justitieutskott med röstsiffrorna 13-5 och av hela <a href="/wiki/USA:s_senat" title="USA:s senat">USA:s senat</a> med röstsiffrorna 78-22. Roberts svors in som chefsdomare den 29 september 2005. Roberts blev därmed den yngsta chefsdomaren i högsta domstolen sedan <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verksamhet_i_USA:s_högsta_domstol"><span id="Verksamhet_i_USA:s_h.C3.B6gsta_domstol"></span>Verksamhet i USA:s högsta domstol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Roberts&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Verksamhet i USA:s högsta domstol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Roberts&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Verksamhet i USA:s högsta domstol"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roberts har skildrats som en konsekvent förespråkare för konservativa principer av analytiker som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeffrey_Toobin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeffrey Toobin [inte skriven än]">Jeffrey Toobin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chefsdomaren rankas som nummer 63 i Forbes ranking under 2018 av "Världens mest mäktiga människor."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Roberts har jämförts och kontrasterats mot andra domstolsmedlemmar av kommentatorer. Roberts juridiska filosofi ses som mer <a href="/wiki/Moderat" title="Moderat">moderat</a> och försonlig än <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Antonin Scalias</a> och <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a>. Roberts önskar mer enighet från domstolen.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roberts röstmönster är närmast anpassat till <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Samuel Alitos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Övrigt"><span id=".C3.96vrigt"></span>Övrigt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Roberts&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Övrigt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Roberts&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Övrigt"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Roberts är den tredje chefsdomaren som är medlem av den <a href="/wiki/Romersk-katolska_kyrkan" title="Romersk-katolska kyrkan">romersk-katolska kyrkan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Roger B. Taney</a> (1836-1864) och <a href="/wiki/Edward_Douglass_White" title="Edward Douglass White">Edward Douglass White</a> (1910-1921) var de två första.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Roberts&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Roberts&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-4"><small>e</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-5"><small>f</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-6"><small>g</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-G-Roberts-Jr">John G. Roberts, Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, läst 2019-10-26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/05/25/no-more-mr-nice-guy">”No More Mr. Nice Guy”</a> (på amerikansk engelska). <i>The New Yorker</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/05/25/no-more-mr-nice-guy">https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/05/25/no-more-mr-nice-guy</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 september 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=No+More+Mr.+Nice+Guy&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2009%2F05%2F25%2Fno-more-mr-nice-guy&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:John_Roberts"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/profile/john-roberts/#1d9e7f2611f0">”John Roberts”</a> (på engelska). <i>Forbes</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.forbes.com/profile/john-roberts/#1d9e7f2611f0">https://www.forbes.com/profile/john-roberts/#1d9e7f2611f0</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 september 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=John+Roberts&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fprofile%2Fjohn-roberts%2F%231d9e7f2611f0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:John_Roberts"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/104898/john-roberts-supreme-court-aca">”Big Chief”</a> (på amerikansk engelska). <i>The New Republic</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/104898/john-roberts-supreme-court-aca">https://newrepublic.com/article/104898/john-roberts-supreme-court-aca</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 september 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Big+Chief&rft.jtitle=The+New+Republic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2F104898%2Fjohn-roberts-supreme-court-aca&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:John_Roberts"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/06/24/upshot/24up-scotus-agreement-rates.html?abt=0002&abg=0">”Which Supreme Court Justices Vote Together Most and Least Often”</a> (på engelska)<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/06/24/upshot/24up-scotus-agreement-rates.html?abt=0002&abg=0">https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/06/24/upshot/24up-scotus-agreement-rates.html?abt=0002&abg=0</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 september 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Which+Supreme+Court+Justices+Vote+Together+Most+and+Least+Often&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2014%2F06%2F24%2Fupshot%2F24up-scotus-agreement-rates.html%3Fabt%3D0002%26abg%3D0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:John_Roberts"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r48052139">.mw-parser-output .sbstyle{clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sbstyle,.mw-parser-output .sbstyle td,.mw-parser-output .sbstyle th{border:#aaa 1px solid;padding:4px}</style> <table class="wikitable sbstyle succession-box noprint"> <tbody><tr> <td width="30%" rowspan="1">Företrädare:<br /><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">William Rehnquist</a> </td> <td width="40%" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/USA:s_h%C3%B6gsta_domstol" title="USA:s högsta domstol">Chefsdomare i USA:s högsta domstol</a><br />2005– </td> <td width="30%" rowspan="1">Efterträdare:<br /><i> <b>Nuvarande</b> </i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Ledam%C3%B6ter_av_USA:s_h%C3%B6gsta_domstol" title="Mall:Ledamöter av USA:s högsta domstol"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Ledam%C3%B6ter_av_USA:s_h%C3%B6gsta_domstol&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/USA:s_h%C3%B6gsta_domstol" title="USA:s högsta domstol">USA:s högsta domstol</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Nuvarande domare</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;background:#E6E6FA;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Roberts</a> (chefsdomare)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Samuel Alito</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Elena Kagan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Neil Gorsuch</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Brett Kavanaugh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Amy Coney Barrett</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Chefsdomare</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;background:#E6E6FA;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r54800189">.mw-parser-output .mall-kolumner2{column-width:16em;column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .mall-kolumner2.med-bredd{column-count:auto}.mw-parser-output .mall-kolumner2>:first-child{margin-top:0}</style> <div class="mall-kolumner2 utan-bredd utan-antal" style=""> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a> (1789–1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge">John Rutledge</a> (1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Ellsworth" title="Oliver Ellsworth">Oliver Ellsworth</a> (1796–1800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a> (1801–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Roger B Taney</a> (1836–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Salmon P Chase</a> (1864–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrison_Waite" title="Morrison Waite">Morrison Waite</a> (1874–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Fuller" title="Melville Fuller">Melville Fuller</a> (1888–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Douglass_White" title="Edward Douglass White">Edward Douglass White</a> (1910–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> (1921–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> (1930–1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Fiske_Stone" title="Harlan Fiske Stone">Harlan Fiske Stone</a> (1941–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_M._Vinson" title="Fred M. Vinson">Fred Vinson</a> (1946–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a> (1953–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Burger" title="Warren Burger">Warren Burger</a> (1969–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">William Rehnquist</a> (1986–2005)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Roberts</a> (2005–)</li></ol> </div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Ledamöter</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;background:#E6E6FA; text-align:left;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r54800189"> <div class="mall-kolumner2 utan-bredd utan-antal" style=""> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(grundlagsfader)" title="James Wilson (grundlagsfader)">James Wilson</a> (1789–1798)</li> <li><span style="background: #FFCCEE"><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge">John Rutledge</a> (1790–1791)*</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Cushing_(jurist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Cushing (jurist) [inte skriven än]">William Cushing</a> (1790–1810)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Blair_Jr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Blair Jr [inte skriven än]">John Blair</a> (1790–1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Iredell" title="James Iredell">James Iredell</a> (1790–1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Johnson_(guvern%C3%B6r)" title="Thomas Johnson (guvernör)">Thomas Johnson</a> (1792–1793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paterson_(jurist)" title="William Paterson (jurist)">William Paterson</a> (1793–1806)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Chase_(grundlagsfader)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Chase (grundlagsfader) [inte skriven än]">Samuel Chase</a> (1796–1811)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bushrod_Washington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bushrod Washington [inte skriven än]">Bushrod Washington</a> (1798–1829)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Moore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Moore [inte skriven än]">Alfred Moore</a> (1800–1804)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Johnson_(jurist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Johnson (jurist) [inte skriven än]">William Johnson</a> (1804–1834)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Livingston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Livingston [inte skriven än]">Henry Livingston</a> (1807–1823)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Todd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Todd [inte skriven än]">Thomas Todd</a> (1807–1826)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Duvall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriel Duvall [inte skriven än]">Gabriel Duvall</a> (1811–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Story" title="Joseph Story">Joseph Story</a> (1812–1845)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_Thompson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smith Thompson [inte skriven än]">Smith Thompson</a> (1823–1843)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Trimble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Trimble [inte skriven än]">Robert Trimble</a> (1826–1828)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McLean" title="John McLean">John McLean</a> (1829–1861)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Baldwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Baldwin [inte skriven än]">Henry Baldwin</a> (1830–1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Moore_Wayne" title="James Moore Wayne">James Moore Wayne</a> (1835–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Pendleton_Barbour" title="Philip Pendleton Barbour">Philip Pendleton Barbour</a> (1836–1841)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Catron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Catron [inte skriven än]">John Catron</a> (1837–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McKinley" title="John McKinley">John McKinley</a> (1838–1852)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Daniel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Daniel [inte skriven än]">Peter Daniel</a> (1842–1860)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Nelson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Nelson [inte skriven än]">Samuel Nelson</a> (1845–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury">Levi Woodbury</a> (1845–1851)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Cooper_Grier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Cooper Grier [inte skriven än]">Robert Grier</a> (1846–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Robbins_Curtis" title="Benjamin Robbins Curtis">Benjamin Robbins Curtis</a> (1851–1857)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Archibald_Campbell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Archibald Campbell [inte skriven än]">John Campbell</a> (1853–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Clifford" title="Nathan Clifford">Nathan Clifford</a> (1858–1881)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah_Swayne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noah Swayne [inte skriven än]">Noah Swayne</a> (1862–1881)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Freeman_Miller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Freeman Miller [inte skriven än]">Samuel Miller</a> (1862–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(jurist)" title="David Davis (jurist)">David Davis</a> (1862–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Johnson_Field" title="Stephen Johnson Field">Stephen Johnson Field</a> (1863–1897)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Strong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Strong [inte skriven än]">William Strong</a> (1870–1880)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Bradley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Bradley [inte skriven än]">Joseph Bradley</a> (1870–1892)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ward_Hunt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ward Hunt [inte skriven än]">Ward Hunt</a> (1873–1882)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Harlan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Harlan [inte skriven än]">John Harlan</a> (1877–1911)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Burnham_Woods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Burnham Woods [inte skriven än]">William Woods</a> (1881–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Matthews_(jurist)" title="Stanley Matthews (jurist)">Stanley Matthews</a> (1881–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury">Levi Woodbury</a> (1882–1902)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Gray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Gray [inte skriven än]">Horace Gray</a> (1845–1851)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Blatchford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Blatchford [inte skriven än]">Samuel Blatchford</a> (1882–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Quintus_Cincinnatus_Lamar" title="Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar">Lucius Lamar</a> (1888–1893)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Brewer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Brewer [inte skriven än]">David Brewer</a> (1890–1910)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Brown [inte skriven än]">Henry Brown</a> (1891–1906)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Shiras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Shiras [inte skriven än]">George Shiras</a> (1892–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Edmunds_Jackson" title="Howell Edmunds Jackson">Howell Jackson</a> (1893–1895)</li> <li><span style="background: #FFCCEE"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Douglass_White" title="Edward Douglass White">Edward Douglass White</a> (1894–1910)*</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rufus_Peckham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rufus Peckham [inte skriven än]">Rufus Peckham</a> (1896–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McKenna" title="Joseph McKenna">Joseph McKenna</a> (1898–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes,_Jr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes</a> (1902–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Day" title="William R. Day">William R. Day</a> (1903–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Moody" title="William Henry Moody">William Henry Moody</a> (1906–1910)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Harmon_Lurton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Harmon Lurton [inte skriven än]">Horace Harmon Lurton</a> (1910–1914)</li> <li><span style="background: #FFCCEE"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> (1910–1916)*</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willis_Van_Devanter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willis Van Devanter [inte skriven än]">Willis Van Devanter</a> (1911–1937)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Rucker_Lamar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Rucker Lamar [inte skriven än]">Joseph Rucker Lamar</a> (1911–1916)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahlon_Pitney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahlon Pitney [inte skriven än]">Mahlon Pitney</a> (1912–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_McReynolds" title="James Clark McReynolds">James McReynolds</a> (1914–1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Louis Brandeis</a> (1916–1939)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hessin_Clarke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Hessin Clarke [inte skriven än]">John Clarke</a> (1916–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sutherland" title="George Sutherland">George Sutherland</a> (1922–1938)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierce_Butler_(jurist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierce Butler (jurist) [inte skriven än]">Pierce Butler</a> (1923–1939)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Sanford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Sanford [inte skriven än]">Edward Sanford</a> (1923–1930)</li> <li><span style="background: #FFCCEE"><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Fiske_Stone" title="Harlan Fiske Stone">Harlan Fiske Stone</a> (1925–1941)*</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Owen_Roberts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Owen Roberts [inte skriven än]">Owen Roberts</a> (1930–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_N._Cardozo" title="Benjamin N. Cardozo">Benjamin Cardozo</a> (1932–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Black" title="Hugo Black">Hugo Black</a> (1937–1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Forman_Reed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Forman Reed [inte skriven än]">Stanley Reed</a> (1938–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Frankfurter" title="Felix Frankfurter">Felix Frankfurter</a> (1939–1962)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_O._Douglas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William O. Douglas [inte skriven än]">William Douglas</a> (1939–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Murphy" title="Frank Murphy">Frank Murphy</a> (1940–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">James F Byrnes</a> (1941–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Jackson" title="Robert H. Jackson">Robert H Jackson</a> (1941–1954)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiley_Rutledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiley Rutledge [inte skriven än]">Wiley Rutledge</a> (1943–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hitz_Burton" title="Harold Hitz Burton">Harold H Burton</a> (1945–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_C._Clark" title="Tom C. Clark">Tom C Clark</a> (1949–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Minton" title="Sherman Minton">Sherman Minton</a> (1949–1956)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Marshall_Harlan_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Marshall Harlan II [inte skriven än]">Joseph Harlan</a> (1955–1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Brennan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Brennan [inte skriven än]">William Brennan</a> (1956–1990)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Whittaker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Whittaker [inte skriven än]">Charles Whittaker</a> (1957–1962)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potter_Stewart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potter Stewart [inte skriven än]">Potter Stewart</a> (1958–1981)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byron_White&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Byron White [inte skriven än]">Byron White</a> (1962–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Goldberg" title="Arthur Goldberg">Arthur Goldberg</a> (1962–1965)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abe_Fortas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abe Fortas [inte skriven än]">Abe Fortas</a> (1965–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a> (1967–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Blackmun" title="Harry Blackmun">Harry Blackmun</a> (1970–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_F._Powell" title="Lewis F. Powell">Lewis F Powell</a> (1972–1987)</li> <li><span style="background: #FFCCEE"><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">William Rehnquist</a> (1972–1986)*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Stevens" title="John Paul Stevens">John Paul Stevens</a> (1975–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a> (1981–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Antonin Scalia</a> (1986–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Anthony Kennedy</a> (1988–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Souter" title="David Souter">David Souter</a> (1990–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a> (1991–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a> (1993–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Breyer" title="Stephen Breyer">Stephen Breyer</a> (1994–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Samuel Alito</a> (2006–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a> (2009–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Elena Kagan</a> (2010–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Neil Gorsuch</a> (2017–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Brett Kavanaugh</a> (2018–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Amy Coney Barrett</a> (2020–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a> (2022–)</li></ol> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background: #FFCCEE">*Blev senare chefsdomare.</span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r47958313">.mw-parser-output .fotnotslista .references{list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .skin-minerva .fotnotslista .references{list-style-type:lower-alpha}</style><div class="fotnotslista" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Roberts&oldid=56333502">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Roberts&oldid=56333502</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Chefsdomare_vid_USA:s_h%C3%B6gsta_domstol" title="Kategori:Chefsdomare vid USA:s högsta domstol">Chefsdomare vid USA:s högsta domstol</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:F%C3%B6dda_1955" title="Kategori:Födda 1955">Födda 1955</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:M%C3%A4n" title="Kategori:Män">Män</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Levande_personer" title="Kategori:Levande personer">Levande personer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Personer_fr%C3%A5n_Buffalo,_New_York" title="Kategori:Personer från Buffalo, New York">Personer från Buffalo, New York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Alumner_fr%C3%A5n_Harvard_College" title="Kategori:Alumner från Harvard College">Alumner från Harvard College</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Amerikanska_jurister" title="Kategori:Amerikanska jurister">Amerikanska jurister</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Amerikanska_republikaner" title="Kategori:Amerikanska republikaner">Amerikanska republikaner</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Alumner_fr%C3%A5n_Harvard_Law_School" title="Kategori:Alumner från Harvard Law School">Alumner från Harvard Law School</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Dold kategori: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artiklar_med_successionsbox_som_b%C3%B6r_uppdateras" title="Kategori:Artiklar med successionsbox som bör uppdateras">Artiklar med successionsbox som bör uppdateras</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 27 november 2024 kl. 00.31.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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