CINXE.COM
Wilhelm Ostwald - Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="da" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Wilhelm Ostwald - Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )dawikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","januar","februar","marts","april","maj","juni","juli","august","september","oktober","november","december"],"wgRequestId":"b65373d6-4e95-4e79-9b04-1b40a0a53722","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Wilhelm_Ostwald","wgTitle":"Wilhelm Ostwald","wgCurRevisionId":11708880,"wgRevisionId":11708880,"wgArticleId":92236,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Sider med billeder fra Wikidata uden billedtekst","Mange oplysninger fra Wikidata for P463 (medlem af)","Mange oplysninger fra Wikidata for P106 (beskæftigelse)","Mange oplysninger fra Wikidata for P166 (udmærkelser)","Billede hentet fra Wikidata","CS1: Kilder på engelsk (en)","Commons-kategori på Wikidata er ens med sidetitel","Wikipedia artikler med VIAF autoritetsdata-ID","Wikipedia artikler med LCCN autoritetsdata-ID","Wikipedia artikler med ISNI autoritetsdata-ID", "Wikipedia artikler med GND autoritetsdata-ID","Wikipedia artikler med SELIBR autoritetsdata-ID","Wikipedia artikler med BNF autoritetsdata-ID","Wikipedia artikler med BPN autoritetsdata-ID","Wikipedia artikler med BIBSYS autoritetsdata-ID","Wikipedia artikler med ULAN autoritetsdata-ID","Wikipedia artikler med NLA autoritetsdata-ID","Wikipedia artikler med NDL autoritetsdata-ID","Wikipedia artikler med Den Store Danske autoritetsdata-ID","Mand","Ugglan","Født i 1853","Døde i 1932","Personer fra Riga","Personer fra Livland","Tyskbaltere","Nobelprismodtagere i kemi","Kemikere fra Rusland","Kemikere fra Letland","Kemikere fra Tyskland","Nobelprismodtagere fra Tyskland","Opfindere fra Letland","Ansatte ved Massachusetts Institute of Technology","Æresdoktorer ved University of Cambridge","Esperantister"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"da","wgPageContentLanguage":"da","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Wilhelm_Ostwald","wgRelevantArticleId":92236,"wgTempUserName":null, "wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"da","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"da"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":8000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q12658","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled": false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.0"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.NewSection","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=da&modules=ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=da&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=da&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Ostwald.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1697"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Ostwald.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1131"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="905"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Wilhelm Ostwald - Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//da.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Redigér" href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (da)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//da.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.da"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Seneste_%C3%A6ndringer&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Wilhelm_Ostwald rootpage-Wilhelm_Ostwald skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Spring til indhold</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Websted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Hovedmenu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hovedmenu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hovedmenu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hovedmenu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Forside" title="Besøg forsiden [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Forside</span></a></li><li id="n-kategorier" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier"><span>Kategorier</span></a></li><li id="n-Fremhævet-indhold" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fremh%C3%A6vet_indhold"><span>Fremhævet indhold</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Tilf%C3%A6ldig_side" title="Gå til en tilfældig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfældig side</span></a></li><li id="n-Tilfældige-artikler" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tilf%C3%A6ldige_artikler"><span>Tilfældige artikler</span></a></li><li id="n-Aktuelt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Aktuelle_begivenheder"><span>Aktuelt</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Specialsider"><span>Specialsider</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-deltagelse" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-deltagelse" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> deltagelse </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-velkommen" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Velkommen_til_Wikipedia"><span>Velkommen</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Forside" title="Om projektet, hvad du kan gøre, hvor tingene findes"><span>Skribentforside</span></a></li><li id="n-Landsbybrønden" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Landsbybr%C3%B8nden"><span>Landsbybrønden</span></a></li><li id="n-Projekter" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Projekter"><span>Projekter</span></a></li><li id="n-Portaler" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Portaler"><span>Portaler</span></a></li><li id="n-Ønskede-artikler" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProjekt_Efterspurgte_artikler"><span>Ønskede artikler</span></a></li><li id="n-Oprydning" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Oprydning"><span>Oprydning</span></a></li><li id="n-Kalender" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kalender"><span>Kalender</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Seneste_%C3%A6ndringer" title="Listen over de seneste ændringer i wikien. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Seneste ændringer</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Forside" title="Stedet hvor du finder hjælp"><span>Hjælp</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Forside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Den frie encyklopædi" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-da.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:S%C3%B8gning" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Søg på Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Søg</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søg på Wikipedia" aria-label="Søg på Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Søg på Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciel:Søgning"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Søg</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personlige værktøjer"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Udseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Skift udseendet af sidens skriftstørrelse, -bredde og -farve" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Udseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Udseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=da.wikipedia.org&uselang=da" class=""><span>Donation</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Opret_konto&returnto=Wilhelm+Ostwald" title="Du opfordres til at oprette en konto og logge på, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opret konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Log_p%C3%A5&returnto=Wilhelm+Ostwald" title="Du opfordres til at logge på, men det er ikke obligatorisk. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log på</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Flere muligheder" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlige værktøjer" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlige værktøjer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brugermenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=da.wikipedia.org&uselang=da"><span>Donation</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Opret_konto&returnto=Wilhelm+Ostwald" title="Du opfordres til at oprette en konto og logge på, men det er ikke obligatorisk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opret konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Log_p%C3%A5&returnto=Wilhelm+Ostwald" title="Du opfordres til at logge på, men det er ikke obligatorisk. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log på</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003ELuk\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"da\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDu kan være med til at gøre Wikipedia bedre – \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Du_kan_v%C3%A6re_med_til_at_g%C3%B8re_Wikipedia_bedre!\" title=\"Hjælp:Du kan være med til at gøre Wikipedia bedre!\"\u003Elæs her hvordan!\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E \u003C/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"vis-for-autopatrol\"\u003EDansk Wikipedia har en Discord-server, hvor du kan chatte. Se mere på \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Discord\" title=\"Wikipedia:Discord\"\u003EWikipedia:Discord\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Csmall\u003E(\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Sitenotice\" title=\"Hjælp:Sitenotice\"\u003ELæs her om sitenotice\u003C/a\u003E)\u003C/small\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Websted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Indledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Liv_og_karriere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liv_og_karriere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Liv og karriere</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Liv_og_karriere-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Liv og karriere</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Liv_og_karriere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Farvestudier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Farvestudier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Farvestudier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Farvestudier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hædersbevisninger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hædersbevisninger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Hædersbevisninger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hædersbevisninger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leder_af_Monistenbund" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leder_af_Monistenbund"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Leder af Monistenbund</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leder_af_Monistenbund-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forfatterskab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forfatterskab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Forfatterskab</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Forfatterskab-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Forfatterskab</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Forfatterskab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tidsskrifter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tidsskrifter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Tidsskrifter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tidsskrifter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_henvisninger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Eksterne henvisninger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indholdsfortegnelse" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wilhelm Ostwald</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 81 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF" title="فيلهلم أوستفالد – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيلهلم أوستفالد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF" title="فيلهلم اوستفالد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيلهلم اوستفالد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilhelm_Ostvald" title="Vilhelm Ostvald – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vilhelm Ostvald" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF" title="ویلهلم اوستوالد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویلهلم اوستوالد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Вільгельм Фрыдрых Оствальд – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вільгельм Фрыдрых Оствальд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Вільгельм Оствальд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вільгельм Оствальд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Вилхелм Оствалд – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вилхелм Оствалд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="ফ্রিডরিখ ভিলহেল্ম অস্টভাল্ড – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রিডরিখ ভিলহেল্ম অস্টভাল্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%BB%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BC_%CE%8C%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Βίλχελμ Όστβαλντ – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βίλχελμ Όστβαλντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikel"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF" title="ویلهلم اوستوالد – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلهلم اوستوالد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – skotsk gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – galicisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – hakka-kinesisk" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93" title="וילהלם אוסטוולד – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וילהלם אוסטוולד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B4_%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A4" title="Վիլհելմ Օստվալդ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիլհելմ Օստվալդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%98%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88" title="ヴィルヘルム・オストヴァルト – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィルヘルム・オストヴァルト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ვილჰელმ ოსტვალდი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვილჰელმ ოსტვალდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%8C%ED%97%AC%EB%A6%84_%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%B0%9C%ED%8A%B8" title="빌헬름 오스트발트 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빌헬름 오스트발트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_Ostwald" title="Gulielmus Ostwald – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilhelms_Ostvalds" title="Vilhelms Ostvalds – lettisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vilhelms Ostvalds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – malagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Вилхелм Оствалд – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вилхелм Оствалд" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="വിൽഹെം ഓസ്റ്റ് വാൾഡ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിൽഹെം ഓസ്റ്റ് വാൾഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Вильхелм Оствальд – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Вильхелм Оствальд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="विल्हेल्म ओस्टवाल्ड – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विल्हेल्म ओस्टवाल्ड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF" title="ویلهلم اوستوالد – mazenisk" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ویلهلم اوستوالد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazenisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – occitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%88" title="ولیہلم اوسٹوالڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولیہلم اوسٹوالڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="Оствальд, Вильгельм – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оствальд, Вильгельм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="आस्ट्टाल्ट् फ्रिडरिक् विल्हेल्म् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आस्ट्टाल्ट् फ्रिडरिक् विल्हेल्म्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilhelm_Ostvald" title="Vilhelm Ostvald – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Vilhelm Ostvald" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B9%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="வில்ஹெம் ஆஸ்ட்வால்டு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வில்ஹெம் ஆஸ்ட்வால்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D2%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Вилһелм Оствальд – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вилһелм Оствальд" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Вільгельм Оствальд – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільгельм Оствальд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%81%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%88" title="ولہلم اوسٹوالڈ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ولہلم اوسٹوالڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="威廉·奥斯特瓦尔德 – wu-kinesisk" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="威廉·奥斯特瓦尔德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ვილჰელმ ოსტვალდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვილჰელმ ოსტვალდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="威廉·奥斯特瓦尔德 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威廉·奥斯特瓦尔德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald – min-kinesisk" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Wilhelm Ostwald" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E8%8F%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="奧斯華德 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="奧斯華德" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12658#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Se indholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Wilhelm_Ostwald" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om indholdet på siden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ændr sprogvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">dansk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&action=history" title="Tidligere versioner af denne side [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Værktøjer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Værktøjer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Værktøjer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere muligheder" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&action=history"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Hvad_linker_hertil/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Liste med alle sider som henviser hertil [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Hvad henviser hertil</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Relaterede_%C3%A6ndringer/Wilhelm_Ostwald" rel="nofollow" title="Seneste ændringer af sider som denne side henviser til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Beslægtede ændringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=da&campaign=dk" title="Upload filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload fil</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&oldid=11708880" title="Permanent link til denne version af denne side"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&action=info" title="Yderligere oplysninger om denne side"><span>Sideinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Citer&page=Wilhelm_Ostwald&id=11708880&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om, hvordan man kan citere denne side"><span>Referer til denne side</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fda.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWilhelm_Ostwald"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fda.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWilhelm_Ostwald"><span>Download QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Organisation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Organisation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Organisation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt_Wikipedia"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikimedia-Danmark" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://dk.wikimedia.org/wiki/"><span>Wikimedia Danmark</span></a></li><li id="n-GLAM" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GLAM"><span>GLAM</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Udskriv/eksportér </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Bog&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Wilhelm+Ostwald"><span>Lav en bog</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:DownloadAsPdf&page=Wilhelm_Ostwald&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&printable=yes" title="Printervenlig udgave af denne side [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Udskriftsvenlig udgave</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I andre projekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12658" title="Link til tilknyttet emne i Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Udseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Udseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11833479">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .infobox{width:22em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-title{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-title{padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-navbar{text-align:right}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background: #ccf; padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; font-size:140%; line-height: 130%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nobelprisen" title="Nobelprisen"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/25px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/38px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Wilhelm Ostwald</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ostwald.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ostwald.jpg/212px-Ostwald.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Ostwald.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Personlig information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Født</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/2._september" title="2. september">2. september </a><a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658#P569" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland">Letland</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658#P19" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Død</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/4._april" title="4. april">4. april </a><a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a> (78 år) <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658#P570" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br />Großbothen, <a href="/wiki/Sachsen" title="Sachsen">Sachsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658#P20" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Gravsted</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;">Store kirkegård i Riga <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658#P119" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Nationalitet</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland"><img alt="Letland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Lettisk</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Far</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;">Gottfried Ostwald<small></small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658#P22" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Mor</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;">Elisabeth Ostwald<small></small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658#P25" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Søskende</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;">Eugen Heinrich Ostwald<small></small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658#P3373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Ægtefælle</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;">Helene von Reyher<small></small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658#P26" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Børn</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;">Walter Ostwald<small></small>,<br />Wolfgang Ostwald<small></small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658#P40" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Uddannelse og virke</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Uddannelses­sted</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;">Det kejserlige universitet i Dorpat<small></small>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Rigas_1._Statsgymnasium" title="Rigas 1. Statsgymnasium">Rigas 1. Statsgymnasium</a><small></small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658#P69" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Medlem af</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Kungliga_Vetenskapsakademien" title="Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien">Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien</a><small></small>,<br />Sovjetunionens videnskabsakademi<small></small>,<br />Det Kongelige Nederlandske Videnskabsakademi<small></small>,<br />Ungarsk Videnskabsakademi<small></small>,<br />National Academy of Sciences<small> (fra 1906)</small> med flere <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658#P463" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Beskæftigelse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;">Universitetsunderviser<small></small>, <a href="/wiki/Fysiker" title="Fysiker">fysiker</a><small></small>, <a href="/wiki/Opfinder" title="Opfinder">opfinder</a><small></small>, idist<small></small>, forfatter<small></small>, <a href="/wiki/Underviser" title="Underviser">lærer</a><small></small>, <a href="/wiki/Filosof" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosof">filosof</a><small></small>, <a href="/wiki/Kemiker" title="Kemiker">kemiker</a><small></small>, <a href="/wiki/Esperantist" title="Esperantist">esperantist</a><small></small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658#P106" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Fagområde</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Fysisk_kemi" title="Fysisk kemi">Fysisk kemi</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658#P101" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Arbejdsgiver</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Leipzig_Universitet" title="Leipzig Universitet">Leipzig Universitet</a><small></small>, Det kejserlige universitet i Dorpat<small></small>, <a href="/wiki/Rigas_tekniske_universitet" title="Rigas tekniske universitet">Rigas tekniske universitet</a><small></small>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a><small></small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658#P108" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Arbejdssted</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a><small></small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658#P937" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Kendte værker</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Ostwalds_fortyndingslov" title="Ostwalds fortyndingslov">Ostwalds fortyndingslov</a><small></small>, <a href="/wiki/Ostwald-processen" title="Ostwald-processen">Ostwald-processen</a><small></small>, Ostwald-modning<small></small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658#P800" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Nomineringer og priser</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Udmærkelser</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;">Faraday Lectureship Prize<small> (1904)</small>,<br />æresdoktor ved University of Cambridge<small></small>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Nobelprisen_i_kemi" title="Nobelprisen i kemi">Nobelprisen i kemi</a><small> (1909)</small>,<br />honorary doctor of the University of Aberdeen<small></small>,<br />æresdoktorat tildelt af Karlsruhe Institute of Technology<small></small> med flere <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658#P166" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="vertical-align:top;">Nobelpris</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:top;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nobelprisen" title="Nobelprisen"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/15px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/23px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span>  Kemi 1909</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; line-height: 1.5em"><small><small>Information med symbolet <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="Billede af blyant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/12px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/16px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> hentes fra <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="d:">Wikidata</a>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Kildehenvisninger foreligger sammesteds.</span></small></small><br /><div style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658" title="d:Q12658"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Wikidata-logo_S.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo_S.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Wikidata-logo_S.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo_S.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Wikidata-logo_S.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo_S.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> <small>[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658" class="extiw" title="d:Q12658"> redigér på Wikidata</a> ] <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12658" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/5px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/8px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Wilhelm Ostwald</b> (<a href="/wiki/Lettisk_(sprog)" title="Lettisk (sprog)">lettisk</a>: <span lang="lv"><i>Vilhelms Ostvalds</i></span>, født <a href="/wiki/2._september" title="2. september">2. september</a> <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a> i <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> i <a href="/wiki/Russiske_Kejserrige" class="mw-redirect" title="Russiske Kejserrige">Russiske Kejserrige</a>, død <a href="/wiki/4._april" title="4. april">4. april</a> <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a> i <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a>) var en <a href="/wiki/Tyskbaltere" title="Tyskbaltere">tyskbaltisk</a> kemiker og <a href="/wiki/Nobelpris" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelpris">Nobelprismodtager</a> (<a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>), samt opfinderen af <a href="/wiki/Ostwalds_fortyndingslov" title="Ostwalds fortyndingslov">Ostwalds fortyndingslov</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liv_og_karriere">Liv og karriere</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Liv og karriere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Liv og karriere"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Han blev <a href="/wiki/Student" title="Student">student</a> i <a href="/wiki/Dorpat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorpat">Dorpat</a> i 1872, <a href="/wiki/Amanuensis" title="Amanuensis">amanuensis</a> hos fysikprofessor sammesteds, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Joachim_von_%C3%96ttingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Joachim von Öttingen">Arthur Joachim von Öttingen</a> i 1875 og <a href="/wiki/Docent" title="Docent">docent</a> i 1877. 1881 blev han <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> i kemi ved <a href="/wiki/Rigas_tekniske_universitet" title="Rigas tekniske universitet">Polytechnikum</a> i Riga og 1887 professor i <a href="/wiki/Fysisk_kemi" title="Fysisk kemi">fysisk kemi</a> i Leipzig. I 1878 tog han doktorgraden i kemi. </p><p>Ostwald udmærkede sig allerede i Dorpat ved sine studier, som prægedes af flid og originalitet, især <i>Volumchemische Studien</i> (1878) og <i>Studien zur chemischen Dynamik</i> (1883-85). Takket være <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a> fangedes hans opmærksomhed af den nære forbindelse mellem syrers ledningsevne for elektricitet og deres evne til at skabe kemiske reaktioner. Hans arbejder rettedes en lang tid næsten udelukkende om dette forhold. Hertil hører værker som <i>Elektrochemische Studien</i> (1885-87), <i>Affinitätsgrössen organischer Säuren</i> (1889) og <i>Die Farbe der Jonen</i> (1892). Nær dette område ligger tillige hans <i>Studien zur Kontaktelektricität</i> (1887) og andre arbejde angående "droppelektroder". </p><p>I 1890-erne rettedes Ostwalds interesse i stigende omfang mod kundskabsteoretiske og filosofiske spørgsmål. I sit skrift <i>Die Überwindung des wissenschaftlichen Materialismus</i> (1895) hævdede han, at <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molekyle" title="Molekyle">molekyler</a> og <a href="/wiki/Stof_(fysik)" title="Stof (fysik)">materier</a> er unødvendige <a href="/wiki/Metafysik" title="Metafysik">metafysiske</a> begreber. Den mekanistiske naturopfattelse ville han derfor erstatte med en udvidet <a href="/wiki/Termodynamik" title="Termodynamik">termodynamik</a>, som han kaldte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Energetik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energetik (ikke skrevet endnu)">energetik</a>. I 1908 modificerede han dog sin lære, efter som han var blevet overbevist om molekylernes eksistens. </p><p>Ostwald er tillige kendt for sin lærebog <i>Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Chemie</i> (første oplag 1885-88; andet oplag 1891) og tidsskriftet <i>Zeitschrift für physikalische Chemie</i>, som han startede i 1887, nominelt sammen med <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff</a>. I sin lærebog, som næsten helt savnede forgængere, samlede og bearbejdede han kritisk datidens materiale inden for den fysiske kemi. </p><p>Tidsskriftet samlede de tidligere spredte tiltag inden for forskningen på dette område og var også omtalt for Ostwalds kritik i tidsskriftets referatafdeling. Ostwald havde den store lykke at få tidskriftet til at fra dettes første bind at formidle teorierne om <a href="/wiki/Ostwalds_fortyndingslov" title="Ostwalds fortyndingslov">fortyndede opløsninger</a> og den elektrolytiske dissociation, hvilke revolutionerede den fysiske kemi. Ostwalds virksomhed fik stor betydning for de da nye synspunkters hastige udbredelse. I 1894 stiftede Ostwald "Deutsche elektrochemische Gesellschaft", hvis formand han var frem til 1898. </p><p>1901 overraskede Ostwald ved at oprette tidsskriftet <i>Annalen der Naturphilosophie</i>. 1902 udgav han sine <i>Vorlesungen der Naturphilosophie</i>, som fulgtes af et stort antal populærfilosofiske arbejder. Han opfandt tillige i 1904 en metode til at oxidere <a href="/wiki/Ammoniak" title="Ammoniak">ammoniak</a> til <a href="/wiki/Salpetersyre" title="Salpetersyre">salpetersyre</a> ved <a href="/wiki/Katalyse" class="mw-redirect" title="Katalyse">katalyse</a>. Samme år udkom hans <i>Malerbriefe</i>. </p><p>Han foranledigedes af alle disse omstændigheder, som ledte ham væk fra hans egentlige virksomhed, til at i 1906 afstå fra sit undervisningsarbejde i Leipzig, hvor efter han slog sig ned i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gross-Bothen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gross-Bothen (ikke skrevet endnu)">Gross-Bothen</a> nogle mil syd for denne by. Han var der yderst produktiv litterært. Under sin livstid nåede han at skrive 45 bøger, cirka 500 artikler og næsten 5.000 anmeldelser inden for vidt forskellige emner samt at redigere seks tidsskrifter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Farvestudier">Farvestudier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Farvestudier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Farvestudier"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Efter 1915 anvendte Ostwald sin tid overvejende mod teoretiske og eksperimentelle farvestudier. Disse farvestudier ledte til et system for farvers systematisering, som ligger til grund for alle senere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hædersbevisninger"><span id="H.C3.A6dersbevisninger"></span>Hædersbevisninger</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Hædersbevisninger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Hædersbevisninger"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For sine fortjenester vedrørende kemiens udvikling modtog han i 1909 <a href="/wiki/Nobelprisen_i_kemi" title="Nobelprisen i kemi">Nobelprisen i kemi</a>. </p><p>Han var medlem i et stort antal videnskabelige selskaber, blandt andet <a href="/wiki/Vetenskapsakademien" class="mw-redirect" title="Vetenskapsakademien">Vetenskapsakademien</a> i Stockholm og i 1906 blev han medlem af <a href="/wiki/Det_kongelige_danske_Videnskabernes_Selskab" class="mw-redirect" title="Det kongelige danske Videnskabernes Selskab">Det kongelige danske Videnskabernes Selskab</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leder_af_Monistenbund">Leder af Monistenbund</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Leder af Monistenbund" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Leder af Monistenbund"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fra 1911 var han efter Haeckel leder af det tyske Monistenbund rettet mod de tyske statskirker og udøvede som sådan en omfattende propagandistisk virksomhed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forfatterskab">Forfatterskab</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Forfatterskab" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Forfatterskab"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Volumchemische Studien</i> (1878),</li> <li><i>Studien zur chemischen Dynamik</i> (1883—85)</li> <li><i>Elektrochemische Studien</i> (1885—87)</li> <li><i>Affinitätsgrössen onganischer Säuren</i> (1889)</li> <li><i>Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Chemie</i> (1. oplag 1885—87, 2. oplag 1891)</li> <li><i>Die Farbe der Ionen</i> (1892)</li> <li><i>Elektrochemie, Ihre Geschichte und Lehre</i> (1896)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/stream/grundrissderall02ostwgoog#page/n4/mode/2up"><i>Grundriss der Allgemeinen Chemie</i>, Dritte Auflage, Leipzig, Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann (1899)</a> (tysk)</li> <li><i>Vorlesungen der Naturphilosophie</i> (1902)</li> <li><i>Die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen der analytischen Chemie</i> (3. oplag 1901)</li> <li><i>Der Werdegang einer Wissenschaft</i> (1907),</li> <li><i>Die Energie</i> (1908),</li> <li><i>Grosse Männer</i> (1909),</li> <li><i>Die Förderung des Tages</i> (1910)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tidsskrifter">Tidsskrifter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Tidsskrifter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Tidsskrifter"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Zeitschrift f. physikalische Chiemie</i> (1887ff, redaktør til bind 101)</li> <li><i>Annalen der Naturphilosophie</i> (1901ff)</li> <li><i>Vorlesungen der Naturphilosophie</i> (1902ff)</li> <li><i>Monistische Sonntagspredigten</i> (redaktør fra 1911)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigér afsnit: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Litteratur"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11752076">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFApinis2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Apinis, Pēteris (2006). <i>A Hundred Great Latvians</i> (engelsk). Riga: Nacionālais apgāds. s. 36. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/998426288X" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/998426288X"><bdi>998426288X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/238892134">238892134</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Hundred+Great+Latvians.&rft.place=Riga&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Nacion%C4%81lais+apg%C4%81ds&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F238892134&rft.isbn=998426288X&rft.aulast=Apinis&rft.aufirst=P%C4%93teris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AWilhelm+Ostwald" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_henvisninger">Eksterne henvisninger</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigér afsnit: Eksterne henvisninger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne henvisninger"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfbt/0579.html">Ostwald, Wilhelm</a> i <i><a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></i> (2. udgave, 1914), forfattet af <a href="/w/index.php?title=S.A._Arrhenius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S.A. Arrhenius (ikke skrevet endnu)">S.A. Arrhenius</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://histvv.uni-leipzig.de/dozenten/ostwald_wilhelm.html">Oversigt over forelæsninger 1888-1906 ved universitetet i Leipzig</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1909/ostwald.html">Nobelprisen i kemi 1909 (Nobelprize.org)</a> (engelsk)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1909/ostwald-lecture.html">Forelæsning ved modtagelse af Nobelprisen</a> (engelsk)</li></ul> <ul><li><div class="plainlinks" style="display:inline;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/11px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/17px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> har flere filer relateret til <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wilhelm_Ostwald" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a></b> </div></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11759279">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11752089">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nobelprismodtagere_i_kemi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11746895">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere_i_kemi" title="Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere i kemi"><abbr title="Se denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskussion"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skabelondiskussion:Nobelprismodtagere_i_kemi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skabelondiskussion:Nobelprismodtagere i kemi (ikke skrevet endnu)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere_i_kemi" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere i kemi"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nobelprismodtagere_i_kemi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nobelprisen_i_kemi" title="Nobelprisen i kemi">Nobelprismodtagere i kemi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>1901</i>: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">van 't Hoff</a></li> <li><i>1902</i>: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer">E. Fischer</a></li> <li><i>1903</i>: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Arrhenius</a></li> <li><i>1904</i>: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">Ramsay</a></li> <li><i>1905</i>: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">von Baeyer</a></li> <li><i>1906</i>: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Moissan</a></li> <li><i>1907</i>: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Buchner</a></li> <li><i>1908</i>: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Rutherford</a></li> <li><i>1909</i>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ostwald</a></li> <li><i>1910</i>: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Wallach</a></li> <li><i>1911</i>: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Curie</a></li> <li><i>1912</i>: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Grignard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(kemiker)" title="Paul Sabatier (kemiker)">Sabatier</a></li> <li><i>1913</i>: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Werner</a></li> <li><i>1914</i>: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Richards</a></li> <li><i>1915</i>: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Willstätter</a></li> <li><i>1918</i>: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Haber</a></li> <li><i>1920</i>: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Hermann_Nernst" title="Walther Hermann Nernst">Nernst</a></li> <li><i>1921</i>: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Soddy</a></li> <li><i>1922</i>: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Aston</a></li> <li><i>1923</i>: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Pregl</a></li> <li><i>1925</i>: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Zsigmondy">Zsigmondy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>1926</i>: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Svedberg</a></li> <li><i>1927</i>: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Wieland</a></li> <li><i>1928</i>: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Otto_Reinhold_Windaus" title="Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus">Windaus</a></li> <li><i>1929</i>: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Harden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">von Euler-Chelpin</a></li> <li><i>1930</i>: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer_(kemiker)" title="Hans Fischer (kemiker)">H. Fischer</a></li> <li><i>1931</i>: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Bosch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Bergius</a></li> <li><i>1932</i>: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Langmuir</a></li> <li><i>1934</i>: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Clayton_Urey" title="Harold Clayton Urey">Urey</a></li> <li><i>1935</i>: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">F. Joliot-Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">I. Joliot-Curie</a></li> <li><i>1936</i>: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Debye</a></li> <li><i>1937</i>: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Norman_Haworth" title="Walter Norman Haworth">Haworth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Karrer</a></li> <li><i>1938</i>: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Kuhn</a></li> <li><i>1939</i>: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Butenandt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lavoslav_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Lavoslav Ružička">Ružička</a></li> <li><i>1943</i>: <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">de Hevesy</a></li> <li><i>1944</i>: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Hahn</a></li> <li><i>1945</i>: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Virtanen</a></li> <li><i>1946</i>: <a href="/wiki/James_B._Sumner" title="James B. Sumner">Sumner</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">Northrop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Stanley</a></li> <li><i>1947</i>: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(kemiker)" title="Robert Robinson (kemiker)">Robinson</a></li> <li><i>1948</i>: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Tiselius</a></li> <li><i>1949</i>: <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">Giauque</a></li> <li><i>1950</i>: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Diels</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Alder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>1951</i>: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">McMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Seaborg</a></li> <li><i>1952</i>: <a href="/wiki/Archer_John_Porter_Martin" title="Archer John Porter Martin">Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Synge</a></li> <li><i>1953</i>: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Staudinger</a></li> <li><i>1954</i>: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling</a></li> <li><i>1955</i>: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">du Vigneaud</a></li> <li><i>1956</i>: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Hinshelwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Semjonov" title="Nikolaj Semjonov">Semjonov</a></li> <li><i>1957</i>: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Robertus_Todd" title="Alexander Robertus Todd">Todd</a></li> <li><i>1958</i>: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a></li> <li><i>1959</i>: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Heyrovský</a></li> <li><i>1960</i>: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Frank_Libby" title="Willard Frank Libby">Libby</a></li> <li><i>1961</i>: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Calvin</a></li> <li><i>1962</i>: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Perutz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">Kendrew</a></li> <li><i>1963</i>: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Ziegler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Natta</a></li> <li><i>1964</i>: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a></li> <li><i>1965</i>: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Woodward</a></li> <li><i>1966</i>: <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Mulliken</a></li> <li><i>1967</i>: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Eigen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Norrish</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">Porter</a></li> <li><i>1968</i>: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Onsager</a></li> <li><i>1969</i>: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Barton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Hassel</a></li> <li><i>1970</i>: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Leloir</a></li> <li><i>1971</i>: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Herzberg</a></li> <li><i>1972</i>: <a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Anfinsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><i>1973</i>: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">E. O. Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><i>1974</i>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Flory</a></li> <li><i>1975</i>: <a href="/wiki/John_Warcup_Cornforth" title="John Warcup Cornforth">Cornforth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Prelog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>1976</i>: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">Lipscomb</a></li> <li><i>1977</i>: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Prigogine</a></li> <li><i>1978</i>: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><i>1979</i>: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Wittig</a></li> <li><i>1980</i>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Berg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Gilbert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a></li> <li><i>1981</i>: <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Fukui</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a></li> <li><i>1982</i>: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Klug</a></li> <li><i>1983</i>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Taube</a></li> <li><i>1984</i>: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Merrifield</a></li> <li><i>1985</i>: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Hauptman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Karle</a></li> <li><i>1986</i>: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Herschbach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Polanyi" title="John Charles Polanyi">Polanyi</a></li> <li><i>1987</i>: <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Cram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Lehn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Pedersen</a></li> <li><i>1988</i>: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Deisenhofer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Huber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><i>1989</i>: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Cech</a></li> <li><i>1990</i>: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Corey</a></li> <li><i>1991</i>: <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Ernst</a></li> <li><i>1992</i>: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Marcus</a></li> <li><i>1993</i>: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Mullis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(kemiker)" title="Michael Smith (kemiker)">Smith</a></li> <li><i>1994</i>: <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_A._Ol%C3%A1h" title="György A. Oláh">Olah</a></li> <li><i>1995</i>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Crutzen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mario_J._Molina" title="Mario J. Molina">Molina</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Rowland</a></li> <li><i>1996</i>: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Curl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Kroto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Smalley</a></li> <li><i>1997</i>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">Walker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Skou</a></li> <li><i>1998</i>: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Kohn</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">Pople</a></li> <li><i>1999</i>: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Zewail</a></li> <li><i>2000</i>: <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger" title="Alan J. Heeger">Heeger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">MacDiarmid</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–i dag</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>2001</i>: <a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">Knowles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ryoji_Noyori" title="Ryoji Noyori">Noyori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a></li> <li><i>2002</i>: <a href="/wiki/John_Bennett_Fenn" title="John Bennett Fenn">Fenn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Tanaka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Wüthrich</a></li> <li><i>2003</i>: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Agre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a></li> <li><i>2004</i>: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Ciechanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Hershko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Rose</a></li> <li><i>2005</i>: <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Grubbs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Schrock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Chauvin</a></li> <li><i>2006</i>: <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Kornberg</a></li> <li><i>2007</i>: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Ertl</a></li> <li><i>2008</i>: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Shimomura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Chalfie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien">Tsien</a></li> <li><i>2009</i>: <a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Ramakrishnan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Steitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Yonath</a></li> <li><i>2010</i>: <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Heck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Suzuki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Negishi</a></li> <li><i>2011</i>: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Shechtman" title="Daniel Shechtman">Shechtman</a></li> <li><i>2012</i>: <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Lefkowitz" title="Robert J. Lefkowitz">Lefkowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Kobilka</a></li> <li><i>2013</i>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Karplus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Levitt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Warshel</a></li> <li><i>2014</i>: <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Hell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Betzig</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner">Moerner</a></li> <li><i>2015</i>: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Lindahl</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Modrich" title="Paul L. Modrich">Modrich</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Sancar</a></li> <li><i>2016</i>: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Sauvage</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Stoddart</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Feringa</a></li> <li><i>2017</i>: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Jacques Dubochet</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson" title="Richard Henderson">Richard Henderson</a></li> <li><i>2018</i>: <a href="/wiki/Frances_H._Arnold" title="Frances H. Arnold">Frances H. Arnold</a>  / <a href="/wiki/George_P._Smith" title="George P. Smith">George P. Smith</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Gregory_P._Winter" title="Gregory P. Winter">Gregory P. Winter</a></li> <li><i>2019</i>: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a> / <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">M. Stanley Whittingham</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a></li> <li><i>2020</i>: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a></li> <li><i>2021</i>: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">Benjamin List</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">David MacMillan</a></li> <li><i>2022</i>: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_R._Bertozzi" title="Carolyn R. Bertozzi">Carolyn R. Bertozzi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morten_Meldal" title="Morten Meldal">Morten Meldal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Karl Barry Sharpless</a></li> <li><i>2023</i>: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Moungi G. Bawendi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Brus" title="Louis E. Brus">Louis E. Brus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aleksej_Jekimov" title="Aleksej Jekimov">Aleksej I. Jekimov</a></li> <li><i>2024</i>: <a href="/wiki/David_Baker" title="David Baker">Baker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Hassabis</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">Jumper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere_i_kemi" title="Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere i kemi">Hele listen</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere_i_kemi_1901-1925" title="Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere i kemi 1901-1925">1901–25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere_i_kemi_1926-1950" title="Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere i kemi 1926-1950">1926–50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere_i_kemi_1951-1975" title="Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere i kemi 1951-1975">1951–75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere_i_kemi_1976-2000" title="Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere i kemi 1976-2000">1976–2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere_i_kemi_2001-2025" title="Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere i kemi 2001-2025">2001– i dag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autoritetsdata" title="Autoritetsdata">Autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/44372577">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/44372577">44372577</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81091807">n81091807</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/0000000458752387">0000 0004 5875 2387</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/11859057X">11859057X</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="LIBRIS (bibliotekskatalog)">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//libris.kb.se/auth/313973">313973</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/034927476">034927476</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12347272w">cb12347272w</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12347272w">(data)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biografisch_Portaal" title="Biografisch Portaal">BPN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/67981850">67981850</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIBSYS" title="BIBSYS">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ask.bibsys.no/ask/action/result?cmd=&kilde=biblio&cql=bs.autid+%3D+90065667&feltselect=bs.autid">90065667</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_List_of_Artist_Names" title="Union List of Artist Names">ULAN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500260331">500260331</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">MGP</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genealogy.ams.org/id.php?id=137132">137132</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35402862">35402862</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationale_parlamentsbibliotek" title="Nationale parlamentsbibliotek">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00451900">00451900</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjekkisk_nationalbibliotek" title="Tjekkisk nationalbibliotek">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20010316079&CON_LNG=ENG">jn20010316079</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico" title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico">ICCU</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opac.sbn.it/opacsbn/opac/iccu/scheda_authority.jsp?bid=IEIV029185">IEIV029185</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaniens_nationalbibliotek" title="Spaniens nationalbibliotek">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1387697">XX1387697</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00820208?l=en">DA00820208</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//lex.dk/Wilhelm_Ostwald">Wilhelm_Ostwald</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5f467697bf‐b9r45 Cached time: 20250212073842 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.543 seconds Real time usage: 0.950 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3728/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 82053/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 710/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 15971/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.344/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7126437/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 7/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 757.589 1 -total 75.17% 569.494 1 Skabelon:Infoboks_Wikidata_person 73.11% 553.877 1 Skabelon:Infoboks_med_filter 57.91% 438.694 60 Skabelon:Wikidata-emne 20.46% 154.965 5 Skabelon:Br_separated_entries 9.37% 71.021 1 Skabelon:Cite_book 8.71% 65.993 1 Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere_i_kemi 8.49% 64.340 1 Skabelon:Navboks 2.55% 19.331 1 Skabelon:Autoritetsdata 2.35% 17.786 1 Skabelon:FD --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key dawiki:pcache:92236:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250212073842 and revision id 11708880. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hentet fra "<a dir="ltr" href="https://da.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&oldid=11708880">https://da.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&oldid=11708880</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Kategorier" title="Speciel:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:F%C3%B8dt_i_1853" title="Kategori:Født i 1853">Født i 1853</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:D%C3%B8de_i_1932" title="Kategori:Døde i 1932">Døde i 1932</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Personer_fra_Riga" title="Kategori:Personer fra Riga">Personer fra Riga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Personer_fra_Livland" title="Kategori:Personer fra Livland">Personer fra Livland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tyskbaltere" title="Kategori:Tyskbaltere">Tyskbaltere</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Nobelprismodtagere_i_kemi" title="Kategori:Nobelprismodtagere i kemi">Nobelprismodtagere i kemi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kemikere_fra_Rusland" title="Kategori:Kemikere fra Rusland">Kemikere fra Rusland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kemikere_fra_Letland" title="Kategori:Kemikere fra Letland">Kemikere fra Letland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kemikere_fra_Tyskland" title="Kategori:Kemikere fra Tyskland">Kemikere fra Tyskland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Nobelprismodtagere_fra_Tyskland" title="Kategori:Nobelprismodtagere fra Tyskland">Nobelprismodtagere fra Tyskland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Opfindere_fra_Letland" title="Kategori:Opfindere fra Letland">Opfindere fra Letland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ansatte_ved_Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Kategori:Ansatte ved Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Ansatte ved Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:%C3%86resdoktorer_ved_University_of_Cambridge" title="Kategori:Æresdoktorer ved University of Cambridge">Æresdoktorer ved University of Cambridge</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Esperantister" title="Kategori:Esperantister">Esperantister</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skjulte kategorier: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sider_med_billeder_fra_Wikidata_uden_billedtekst" title="Kategori:Sider med billeder fra Wikidata uden billedtekst">Sider med billeder fra Wikidata uden billedtekst</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Mange_oplysninger_fra_Wikidata_for_P463_(medlem_af)" title="Kategori:Mange oplysninger fra Wikidata for P463 (medlem af)">Mange oplysninger fra Wikidata for P463 (medlem af)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Mange_oplysninger_fra_Wikidata_for_P106_(besk%C3%A6ftigelse)" title="Kategori:Mange oplysninger fra Wikidata for P106 (beskæftigelse)">Mange oplysninger fra Wikidata for P106 (beskæftigelse)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Mange_oplysninger_fra_Wikidata_for_P166_(udm%C3%A6rkelser)" title="Kategori:Mange oplysninger fra Wikidata for P166 (udmærkelser)">Mange oplysninger fra Wikidata for P166 (udmærkelser)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Billede_hentet_fra_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Billede hentet fra Wikidata">Billede hentet fra Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1:_Kilder_p%C3%A5_engelsk_(en)" title="Kategori:CS1: Kilder på engelsk (en)">CS1: Kilder på engelsk (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Commons-kategori_p%C3%A5_Wikidata_er_ens_med_sidetitel" title="Kategori:Commons-kategori på Wikidata er ens med sidetitel">Commons-kategori på Wikidata er ens med sidetitel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipedia_artikler_med_VIAF_autoritetsdata-ID" title="Kategori:Wikipedia artikler med VIAF autoritetsdata-ID">Wikipedia artikler med VIAF autoritetsdata-ID</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipedia_artikler_med_LCCN_autoritetsdata-ID" title="Kategori:Wikipedia artikler med LCCN autoritetsdata-ID">Wikipedia artikler med LCCN autoritetsdata-ID</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipedia_artikler_med_ISNI_autoritetsdata-ID" title="Kategori:Wikipedia artikler med ISNI autoritetsdata-ID">Wikipedia artikler med ISNI autoritetsdata-ID</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipedia_artikler_med_GND_autoritetsdata-ID" title="Kategori:Wikipedia artikler med GND autoritetsdata-ID">Wikipedia artikler med GND autoritetsdata-ID</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipedia_artikler_med_SELIBR_autoritetsdata-ID" title="Kategori:Wikipedia artikler med SELIBR autoritetsdata-ID">Wikipedia artikler med SELIBR autoritetsdata-ID</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipedia_artikler_med_BNF_autoritetsdata-ID" title="Kategori:Wikipedia artikler med BNF autoritetsdata-ID">Wikipedia artikler med BNF autoritetsdata-ID</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipedia_artikler_med_BPN_autoritetsdata-ID" title="Kategori:Wikipedia artikler med BPN autoritetsdata-ID">Wikipedia artikler med BPN autoritetsdata-ID</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipedia_artikler_med_BIBSYS_autoritetsdata-ID" title="Kategori:Wikipedia artikler med BIBSYS autoritetsdata-ID">Wikipedia artikler med BIBSYS autoritetsdata-ID</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipedia_artikler_med_ULAN_autoritetsdata-ID" title="Kategori:Wikipedia artikler med ULAN autoritetsdata-ID">Wikipedia artikler med ULAN autoritetsdata-ID</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipedia_artikler_med_NLA_autoritetsdata-ID" title="Kategori:Wikipedia artikler med NLA autoritetsdata-ID">Wikipedia artikler med NLA autoritetsdata-ID</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipedia_artikler_med_NDL_autoritetsdata-ID" title="Kategori:Wikipedia artikler med NDL autoritetsdata-ID">Wikipedia artikler med NDL autoritetsdata-ID</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipedia_artikler_med_Den_Store_Danske_autoritetsdata-ID" title="Kategori:Wikipedia artikler med Den Store Danske autoritetsdata-ID">Wikipedia artikler med Den Store Danske autoritetsdata-ID</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Mand" title="Kategori:Mand">Mand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ugglan" title="Kategori:Ugglan">Ugglan</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Denne side blev senest ændret den 3. marts 2024 kl. 20:54.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst er tilgængelig under <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.da">Creative Commons Navngivelse/Del på samme vilkår 4.0</a>; yderligere betingelser kan være gældende. Se <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/da">brugsbetingelserne</a> for flere oplysninger.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privatlivspolitik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Om">Om Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Generelle_forbehold">Forbehold</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Udviklere</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/da.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie-erklæring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//da.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Ostwald&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilvisning</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Søg</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søg på Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciel:Søgning"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Søg</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wilhelm Ostwald</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>81 sprog</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Tilføj emne</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-54c7cbd49d-p6xr6","wgBackendResponseTime":153,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.543","walltime":"0.950","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3728,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":82053,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":710,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":15971,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":7,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 757.589 1 -total"," 75.17% 569.494 1 Skabelon:Infoboks_Wikidata_person"," 73.11% 553.877 1 Skabelon:Infoboks_med_filter"," 57.91% 438.694 60 Skabelon:Wikidata-emne"," 20.46% 154.965 5 Skabelon:Br_separated_entries"," 9.37% 71.021 1 Skabelon:Cite_book"," 8.71% 65.993 1 Skabelon:Nobelprismodtagere_i_kemi"," 8.49% 64.340 1 Skabelon:Navboks"," 2.55% 19.331 1 Skabelon:Autoritetsdata"," 2.35% 17.786 1 Skabelon:FD"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.344","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7126437,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"add_tracking_category: cat=[[Kategori:Mange oplysninger fra Wikidata for P106 (beskæftigelse)]]\nadd_tracking_category: cat=[[Kategori:Mange oplysninger fra Wikidata for P463 (medlem af)]]\nadd_tracking_category: cat=[[Kategori:Mange oplysninger fra Wikidata for P106 (beskæftigelse)]]\nadd_tracking_category: cat=[[Kategori:Mange oplysninger fra Wikidata for P166 (udmærkelser)]]\nadd_tracking_category: cat=[[Kategori:Mange oplysninger fra Wikidata for P166 (udmærkelser)]]\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5f467697bf-b9r45","timestamp":"20250212073842","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Wilhelm Ostwald","url":"https:\/\/da.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wilhelm_Ostwald","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q12658","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q12658","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bidragsydere til Wikimedia-projekter"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-01-29T01:28:49Z","dateModified":"2024-03-03T19:54:22Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/79\/Ostwald.jpg","headline":"tysk kemiker"}</script> </body> </html>