CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Same-sex marriage in France - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"f3725ba4-9a07-4439-87c9-959ae5d6d208","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Same-sex_marriage_in_France","wgTitle":"Same-sex marriage in France","wgCurRevisionId":1255438949,"wgRevisionId":1255438949,"wgArticleId":651615,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing Occitan (post 1500)-language text","Pages with Occitan IPA","Articles containing Alemannic German-language text","Pages with Alemannic German IPA","Articles containing Breton-language text","Pages with Breton IPA","Articles containing Corsican-language text","Pages with Corsican IPA","Articles containing Catalan-language text","Pages with Catalan IPA","Articles containing Tahitian-language text","Pages with Tahitian IPA", "Articles containing Basque-language text","Pages with Basque IPA","Articles containing Arpitan-language text","Articles containing French-language text","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","CS1 Breton-language sources (br)","CS1 Corsican-language sources (co)","CS1 Catalan-language sources (ca)","CS1 Tahitian-language sources (ty)","CS1 Basque-language sources (eu)","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from November 2020","Pages with French IPA","Articles containing Wallisian-language text","Pages with Wallisian IPA","Articles containing East Futuna-language text","Articles containing North Marquesan-language text","Pages with North Marquesan IPA","Articles containing South Marquesan-language text","Pages with South Marquesan IPA","Articles containing Rapa-language text","Articles containing Mangareva-language text","Articles containing Tuamotuan-language text", "Articles containing Bushi-language text","Articles containing Maore Comorian-language text","Commons category link from Wikidata","Same-sex marriage in France","2013 in LGBTQ history"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Same-sex_marriage_in_France","wgRelevantArticleId":651615,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish": true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3098727","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init": "ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Same-sex marriage in France - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_France"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_France"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Same-sex_marriage_in_France rootpage-Same-sex_marriage_in_France skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Same-sex+marriage+in+France" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Same-sex+marriage+in+France" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Same-sex+marriage+in+France" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Same-sex+marriage+in+France" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Civil_solidarity_pact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_solidarity_pact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Civil solidarity pact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_solidarity_pact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2004_same-sex_marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2004_same-sex_marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 2004 same-sex marriage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2004_same-sex_marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2006_parliamentary_report" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006_parliamentary_report"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 2006 parliamentary report </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006_parliamentary_report-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_bill_and_Constitutional_Council_decision" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_bill_and_Constitutional_Council_decision"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 2011 bill and Constitutional Council decision </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_bill_and_Constitutional_Council_decision-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012–2013_bill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012–2013_bill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 2012–2013 bill </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012–2013_bill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reaction_and_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaction_and_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 Reaction and aftermath </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaction_and_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scope" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scope"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.2 Scope </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scope-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_recognition_in_Overseas_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_recognition_in_Overseas_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Historical recognition in Overseas France </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_recognition_in_Overseas_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Marriage statistics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Marriage_statistics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Marriage statistics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Marriage_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overseas_departments_and_territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overseas_departments_and_territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Overseas departments and territories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overseas_departments_and_territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Religious performance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Public opinion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Same-sex marriage in France</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" > 18 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="زواج المثليين في فرنسا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زواج المثليين في فرنسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stejnopohlavn%C3%AD_man%C5%BEelstv%C3%AD_ve_Francii" title="Stejnopohlavní manželství ve Francii – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stejnopohlavní manželství ve Francii" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrimonio_entre_personas_del_mismo_sexo_en_Francia" title="Matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo en Francia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo en Francia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="ازدواج همجنس در فرانسه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ازدواج همجنس در فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariage_entre_personnes_de_m%C3%AAme_sexe_en_France" title="Mariage entre personnes de même sexe en France – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mariage entre personnes de même sexe en France" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%98_%EB%8F%99%EC%84%B1%EA%B2%B0%ED%98%BC" title="프랑스의 동성결혼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스의 동성결혼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkawinan_sejenis_di_Prancis" title="Perkawinan sejenis di Prancis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perkawinan sejenis di Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrimonio_tra_persone_dello_stesso_sesso_in_Francia" title="Matrimonio tra persone dello stesso sesso in Francia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Matrimonio tra persone dello stesso sesso in Francia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%96%D7%95%D7%92%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%95_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA" title="נישואים של זוגות מאותו המין בצרפת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נישואים של זוגות מאותו המין בצרפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%82%C5%BCe%C5%84stwo_os%C3%B3b_tej_samej_p%C5%82ci_we_Francji" title="Małżeństwo osób tej samej płci we Francji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Małżeństwo osób tej samej płci we Francji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casamento_entre_pessoas_do_mesmo_sexo_na_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo na França – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo na França" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%83s%C4%83torii_%C3%AEntre_persoane_de_acela%C8%99i_sex_%C3%AEn_Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Căsătorii între persoane de același sex în Franța – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Căsătorii între persoane de același sex în Franța" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Однополые браки во Франции – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Однополые браки во Франции" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="การสมรสเพศเดียวกันในฝรั่งเศส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การสมรสเพศเดียวกันในฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa%27da_e%C5%9Fcinsel_evlilik" title="Fransa'da eşcinsel evlilik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fransa'da eşcinsel evlilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96_%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97" title="Одностатеві шлюби у Франції – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Одностатеві шлюби у Франції" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4n_nh%C3%A2n_c%C3%B9ng_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_%E1%BB%9F_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Hôn nhân cùng giới ở Pháp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hôn nhân cùng giới ở Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB" title="法國同性婚姻 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法國同性婚姻" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3098727#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_France" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Same-sex_marriage_in_France" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_France">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_France">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Same-sex_marriage_in_France" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Same-sex_marriage_in_France" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&oldid=1255438949" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&id=1255438949&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSame-sex_marriage_in_France">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSame-sex_marriage_in_France">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Same-sex_marriage_in_France" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3098727" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="margin-top: 0.2em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_rights" title="Category:LGBTQ rights">LGBTQ rights series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding: 0;"><div style="background:#E6E6FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;margin:0.2em 0;white-space:unset!important;"><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Legal status of same-sex marriage">Legal status of same-sex unions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#E6E6FA; padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Marriage</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Andorra" title="Same-sex marriage in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Argentina" title="Same-sex marriage in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Australia" title="Same-sex marriage in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Austria" title="Same-sex marriage in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Belgium" title="Same-sex marriage in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Brazil" title="Same-sex marriage in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Canada" title="Same-sex marriage in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Chile" title="Same-sex marriage in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Colombia" title="Same-sex marriage in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Costa_Rica" title="Same-sex marriage in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Cuba" title="Same-sex marriage in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Denmark" title="Same-sex marriage in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Ecuador" title="Same-sex marriage in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Estonia" title="Same-sex marriage in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Finland" title="Same-sex marriage in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Germany" title="Same-sex marriage in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Greece" title="Same-sex marriage in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Iceland" title="Same-sex marriage in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Same-sex marriage in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Liechtenstein" title="Same-sex marriage in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a><a href="#cite_note-notyet-1">[α]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Luxembourg" title="Same-sex marriage in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Malta" title="Same-sex marriage in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Mexico" title="Same-sex marriage in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Netherlands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a><a href="#cite_note-kon-2">[i]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Zealand" title="Same-sex marriage in New Zealand">New Zealand</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[ii]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Norway" title="Same-sex marriage in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Portugal" title="Same-sex marriage in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Slovenia" title="Same-sex marriage in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_South_Africa" title="Same-sex marriage in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Spain" title="Same-sex marriage in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Sweden" title="Same-sex marriage in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Switzerland" title="Same-sex marriage in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Taiwan" title="Same-sex marriage in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Thailand" title="Same-sex marriage in Thailand">Thailand</a><a href="#cite_note-notyet-1">[α]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[iii]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">United States</a><a href="#cite_note-usa-5">[iv]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Uruguay" title="Same-sex marriage in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></div> Recognized <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Israel">Israel</a><a href="#cite_note-israel-6">[v]</a></li> <li>United States:<a href="#cite_note-usa-5">[iv]</a> <ul><li> • <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_American_Samoa" title="Same-sex marriage in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#E6E6FA; padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Civil_union" title="Civil union">Civil unions</a> or registered partnerships but not marriage</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Bolivia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Croatia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Cyprus" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Hungary" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Italy" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Latvia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Latvia">Latvia</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td class="col-break"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Monaco" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Montenegro" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_San_Marino" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_partnership_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Civil partnership in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: <ul><li> • <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Bermuda" title="Same-sex marriage in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li> • <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#E6E6FA; padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Unregistered_cohabitation" title="Unregistered cohabitation">Minimal recognition</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Bulgaria" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a><a href="#cite_note-eu-7">[vi]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Cambodia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Cambodia">Cambodia</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[vii]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_China" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in China">China</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[viii]</a> <ul><li> • <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Hong_Kong" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[ix]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_India" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in India">India</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[x]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Japan" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Japan">Japan</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[xi]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Lithuania" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Lithuania">Lithuania</a><a href="#cite_note-eu-7">[vi]</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td class="col-break"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Namibia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Namibia">Namibia</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[xii]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Nepal" title="Same-sex marriage in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li>Netherlands:<a href="#cite_note-kon-2">[i]</a> <ul><li> • <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Aruba,_Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Sint_Maarten" title="Same-sex marriage in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Poland" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Poland">Poland</a><a href="#cite_note-eu-7">[vi]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Romania" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Romania">Romania</a><a href="#cite_note-eu-7">[vi]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[xiii]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Slovakia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Slovakia">Slovakia</a><a href="#cite_note-eu-7">[vi]</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#E6E6FA; padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_union_legislation" title="Same-sex union legislation">Same-sex union legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_union_court_cases" title="Same-sex union court cases">Same-sex union court cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Timeline of same-sex marriage">Timeline of same-sex marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Africa" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Africa">Recognition of same-sex unions in Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Asia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia">Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Europe" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe">Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_Americas" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas">Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Oceania" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Oceania">Recognition of same-sex unions in Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_privatization" title="Marriage privatization">Marriage privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_of_same-sex_couples" title="Divorce of same-sex couples">Divorce of same-sex couples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_partnership" title="Domestic partnership">Domestic partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_unions_and_military_policy" title="Same-sex unions and military policy">Military policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_adoption" title="Same-sex adoption">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Marriage,_unions_and_partnerships_by_country" title="Category:Marriage, unions and partnerships by country">Listings by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="LGBTQ rights by country or territory">LGBTQ rights by country or territory</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#E6E6FA; padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Notes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-kon-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kon_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kon_2-1">b</a> Performed in the Netherlands proper (including the <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Bonaire,_Sint_Eustatius_and_Saba" title="Same-sex marriage in Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba">Caribbean Netherlands</a>), as well as in <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Aruba,_Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Sint_Maarten" title="Same-sex marriage in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten">Aruba and Curaçao</a>. May be registered in <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Aruba,_Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Sint_Maarten" title="Same-sex marriage in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a> in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Neither performed nor recognized in <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Niue, Tokelau, or the Cook Islands</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Neither performed nor recognized in six <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-usa-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usa_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-usa_5-1">b</a> Neither performed nor recognized in <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_tribal_nations_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in tribal nations in the United States">some tribal nations</a>. Recognized but not performed in several other tribal nations and <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_American_Samoa" title="Same-sex marriage in American Samoa">American Samoa</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-israel-6"><a href="#cite_ref-israel_6-0">^</a> Registered foreign marriages confer all marriage rights. Domestic common-law marriages confer most rights of marriage. Domestic civil marriage recognized by some cities. </li> <li id="cite_note-eu-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eu_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu_7-4">e</a> The <a href="/wiki/Coman_v._Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Coman v. Romania">Coman v. Romania</a> ruling of the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">European Court of Justice</a> obliges the state to provide residency rights for the foreign spouses of <a href="/wiki/European_Union_citizenship" title="European Union citizenship">EU citizens</a>. Some member states, including Romania, do not follow the ruling. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> A "declaration of family relationship" is available in several of Cambodia's communes which may be useful in matters such as housing, but is not legally binding. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Guardianship agreements, conferring some limited legal benefits, including decisions about medical and personal care. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Inheritance, guardianship rights, and residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Courts have recognised <a href="/wiki/Guru%E2%80%93shishya_tradition" title="Guru–shishya tradition">guru–shishya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nata_pratha" title="Nata pratha">nata pratha</a> or <a href="/wiki/Maitri_karar" title="Maitri karar">maitri karar</a>–type contractual relationships, but they are not legally binding. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Some cities and prefectures issue <a href="/wiki/Partnership_oath_in_Japan" title="Partnership oath in Japan">partnership certificates</a>, but they are not legally binding. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Marriages conducted abroad between a Namibian national and a foreign spouse recognized for residency rights. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Hospital visitation rights through a "legal representative" status. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-greek"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-notyet-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-notyet_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-notyet_1-1">b</a> Not yet in effect. </li> </ol></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top: none;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/16px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/24px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/32px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Same-sex_unions" title="Template:Same-sex unions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Same-sex_unions" title="Template talk:Same-sex unions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Same-sex_unions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Same-sex unions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage</a> has been legal in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> since 18 May 2013,<a href="#cite_note-15">[1]</a> making France the <a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Legal status of same-sex marriage">thirteenth country in the world</a> and the ninth in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> to allow same-sex couples to marry. The legislation applies to <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">metropolitan France</a> as well as to all French <a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">overseas departments and territories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Law-16">[2]</a> Polling suggests that a significant majority of <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French people</a> support the legal recognition of same-sex marriage.<a href="#cite_note-pew-17">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-euro-18">[4]</a> A bill granting same-sex couples the right to marry and <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_adoption" title="Same-sex adoption">jointly adopt children</a> was introduced to the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist</a> government of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Ayrault" title="Jean-Marc Ayrault">Jean-Marc Ayrault</a> on 7 November 2012, with the support of <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> who declared his intent to support the legislation during his <a href="/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">campaign for the presidency</a>. On 12 February 2013, the National Assembly approved the bill in a 329–229 vote. On 12 April 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">Senate</a> approved the bill with amendments in a 171–165 vote, followed by the approval of the amended bill by the National Assembly on 23 April 2013 in a 331–225 vote. However, a challenge to the law by the conservative <a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">Union for a Popular Movement</a> party was filed with the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Council_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Council of France">Constitutional Council</a> following the vote.<a href="#cite_note-19">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[6]</a> On 17 May 2013, the Council ruled that the law was constitutional.<a href="#cite_note-Con-21">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[8]</a> That same day, President Hollande <a href="/wiki/Promulgation" title="Promulgation">promulgated</a> the bill,<a href="#cite_note-23">[9]</a> which was officially published the next day in the <a href="/wiki/Journal_Officiel_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_Fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal Officiel de la République Française">Journal Officiel de la République Française</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Law-16">[2]</a> The first official same-sex marriage ceremony took place on 29 May 2013 in the city of <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cnn.com-24">[10]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Same-sex_marriage_map_Europe_detailed.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Same-sex_marriage_map_Europe_detailed.svg/330px-Same-sex_marriage_map_Europe_detailed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Same-sex_marriage_map_Europe_detailed.svg/495px-Same-sex_marriage_map_Europe_detailed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Same-sex_marriage_map_Europe_detailed.svg/660px-Same-sex_marriage_map_Europe_detailed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption> Laws regarding same-sex partnerships in Europe¹ <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Marriage</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Civil union</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Limited domestic recognition (cohabitation)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Limited foreign recognition (residency rights)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Unrecognized</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples</div> ¹ May include recent laws or court decisions that have not yet entered into effect. <hr /> <div align="right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Same-sex_marriage_map_Europe" title="Template:Same-sex marriage map Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Same-sex_marriage_map_Europe" title="Template talk:Same-sex marriage map Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Same-sex_marriage_map_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Same-sex marriage map Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_solidarity_pact">Civil solidarity pact</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Civil solidarity pact">edit</a>]</div> Despite the creation and implementation in 1999 of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_solidarity_pact" title="Civil solidarity pact">civil solidarity pact</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: pacte civil de solidarité, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[pakt sivil də sɔlidaʁite]</a>),<a href="#cite_note-31">[a]</a> more commonly known as PACS, a system allowing <a href="/wiki/Civil_union" title="Civil union">civil partnerships</a> between two persons without regard to their gender and guaranteeing certain personal and civil rights to both "pacsés", there was considerable political and societal debate over <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> in France during the first decade of the 21st century. The civil solidarity pact was voted on by the <a href="/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament">French Parliament</a> in November 1999 with the support of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Jospin" title="Lionel Jospin">Lionel Jospin</a>. Following President Hollande's signature of a 2013 legalising same-sex marriage, PACS remains in effect and available for both opposite-sex and same-sex couples. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2004_same-sex_marriage">2004 same-sex marriage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2004 same-sex marriage">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">Mayor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> suburb of <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A8gles" title="Bègles">Bègles</a> <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Mam%C3%A8re" title="Noël Mamère">Noël Mamère</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(France)" title="The Greens (France)">Greens</a> presidential candidate, conducted a same-sex marriage ceremony for two men, Bertrand Charpentier and Stéphane Chapin, on 5 June 2004. Mamère claimed that there was nothing in French law to prohibit such a ceremony, and that he would appeal any challenge to the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(France)" title="Ministry of Justice (France)">Minister of Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Perben" title="Dominique Perben">Dominique Perben</a> had stated that such unions would be legally void, and called for judicial intervention to halt the ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-33">[18]</a> On 27 July 2004, the Bordeaux Court of General Jurisdiction declared the marriage "null and void". One legal argument defended by the public prosecutor, representing the national government, was that the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Code" title="Napoleonic Code">French Civil Code</a> contained several mentions of "husband" and "wife", thereby implying different genders.<a href="#cite_note-34">[19]</a> On 19 April 2005, the Appeals Court of Bordeaux upheld the ruling, and on 14 March 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(France)" title="Court of Cassation (France)">Court of Cassation</a> turned down Charpentier and Chapin's appeal.<a href="#cite_note-35">[20]</a> On 9 June 2016, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that the decision to invalidate Charpentier and Chapin's marriage did not constitute an infringement of the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[23]</a> Shortly after the ceremony took place, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Interior_(France)" title="Minister of the Interior (France)">Interior Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin" title="Dominique de Villepin">Dominique de Villepin</a> instituted disciplinary procedures against Mamère, suspending him from his duties for one month.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-33">[18]</a> The local administrative court ruled that Mamère's suspension was legal and substantiated. Mamère said he would not appeal the ruling, having already unsuccessfully attempted to get an <a href="/wiki/Injunction" title="Injunction">injunction</a> from the court, then appealing the case to the <a href="/wiki/Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat" title="Conseil d'État">Council of State</a>; both had ruled that an injunction was not justified on grounds of urgency. On 11 May 2004, the <a href="/wiki/First_Secretary_of_the_Socialist_Party_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Secretary of the Socialist Party (France)">First Secretary of the Socialist Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a>, announced that he would ask his party to file a draft law making same-sex marriages unequivocally legal. Some other party leaders, such as former Prime Minister Lionel Jospin, publicly disapproved of same-sex marriage. Hollande's partner, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9gol%C3%A8ne_Royal" title="Ségolène Royal">Ségolène Royal</a>, said at the time that she harbored doubts about same-sex marriage, though now fully supports it.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-39">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006_parliamentary_report">2006 parliamentary report</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2006 parliamentary report">edit</a>]</div> A parliamentary "Report on the Family and the Rights of Children" was released on 25 January 2006.<a href="#cite_note-40">[25]</a> Although the committee recommended increasing some of the rights already granted by the PACS civil partnership, it recommended maintaining prohibitions against <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gay_adoption" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay adoption">adoption</a>, and access to <a href="/wiki/Artificial_insemination" title="Artificial insemination">medically assisted reproduction</a> for same-sex couples, arguing that these three issues were inseparable and that allowing them would contravene a number of articles of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a>, to which France is a signatory (though many UN member nations did grant some or all of these rights to same-sex couples). Referring to the <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_rights" title="Children's rights">rights of children</a> as a human rights issue, the report argued that children "now have rights, and to systematically give preference to adult aspirations over respect for these rights is not possible anymore."<a href="#cite_note-41">[26]</a> Because of these prohibitions, left-wing members of the committee rejected the report.<a href="#cite_note-42">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011_bill_and_Constitutional_Council_decision">2011 bill and Constitutional Council decision</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2011 bill and Constitutional Council decision">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bill_586" title="Bill 586">Bill 586</a></div> LGBT organizations in France, believing that the prohibition of same-sex marriage was contrary to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_France" title="Constitution of France">Constitution of France</a>, asked the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Council_(France)" title="Constitutional Council (France)">Constitutional Council</a> to examine the constitutionality of same-sex marriage and to review the articles of the Civil Code. On 28 January 2011, the Council decided that the illegality of same-sex marriages was not contrary to the Constitution, further stating that same-sex marriage legalization was a question for Parliament to decide.<a href="#cite_note-43">[28]</a> On 14 June 2011, the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of France">National Assembly of France</a> voted 293–222 against legalizing same-sex marriage.<a href="#cite_note-44">[29]</a> Deputies of the governing <a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">Union for a Popular Movement</a> party mostly voted against the <a href="/wiki/Bill_586" title="Bill 586">measure</a>, while deputies of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a> mostly voted in favour. Members of the Socialist Party said that the legalization of same-sex marriage would become a priority should they gain a majority in the <a href="/wiki/2012_French_legislative_election" title="2012 French legislative election">2012 legislative election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[30]</a> On 12 November 2011, Mayor Jean Vila of <a href="/wiki/Cabestany" title="Cabestany">Cabestany</a> performed a same-sex wedding ceremony for a couple named Patrick, 48, and Guillaume, 37.<a href="#cite_note-46">[31]</a> The marriage was not recorded in order to prevent a subsequent nullification, and Vila described it as a "militant act", saying that "there are times when it is necessary to act outside the law. Refusing same-sex marriage is to deny the reality of thousands of couples."<a href="#cite_note-PinkNews14Nov11-47">[32]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_France" title="Government of France">French Government</a>'s reaction was mixed: the Secretary of State for Family, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Greff" title="Claude Greff">Claude Greff</a>, called the event a "provocation on the eve of the presidential election", while Minister of Solidarity and Social Cohesion <a href="/wiki/Roselyne_Bachelot" title="Roselyne Bachelot">Roselyne Bachelot</a> said she supported same-sex marriage but that the ceremony was "not the best way to advance the cause".<a href="#cite_note-PinkNews14Nov11-47">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012–2013_bill">2012–2013 bill</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2012–2013 bill">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Law_2013-404" title="Law 2013-404">Law 2013-404</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/French_parliament_votes_for_same-sex_marriage.ogv/220px--French_parliament_votes_for_same-sex_marriage.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="101" data-mwtitle="French_parliament_votes_for_same-sex_marriage.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:French_parliament_votes_for_same-sex_marriage.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/French_parliament_votes_for_same-sex_marriage.ogv/French_parliament_votes_for_same-sex_marriage.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/French_parliament_votes_for_same-sex_marriage.ogv/French_parliament_votes_for_same-sex_marriage.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/French_parliament_votes_for_same-sex_marriage.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/French_parliament_votes_for_same-sex_marriage.ogv/French_parliament_votes_for_same-sex_marriage.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/French_parliament_votes_for_same-sex_marriage.ogv/French_parliament_votes_for_same-sex_marriage.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/French_parliament_votes_for_same-sex_marriage.ogv/French_parliament_votes_for_same-sex_marriage.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/French_parliament_votes_for_same-sex_marriage.ogv/French_parliament_votes_for_same-sex_marriage.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AFrench_parliament_votes_for_same-sex_marriage.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>The French National Assembly voting for same-sex marriage, 23 April 2013</figcaption></figure> During his campaign for the <a href="/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">2012 presidential election</a>, Socialist Party candidate <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> declared his support for same-sex marriage and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_adoption" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT adoption">adoption by same-sex couples</a>, including them as one of his campaign's 60 government commitments.<a href="#cite_note-48">[33]</a> On 6 May 2012, Hollande won the election and promised to pass same-sex marriage legislation before the spring of 2013.<a href="#cite_note-49">[34]</a> On <a href="/wiki/2012_French_legislative_election" title="2012 French legislative election">17 June</a>, Hollande's party won an absolute majority in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a>,<a href="#cite_note-50">[35]</a> followed by an announcement by government spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Najat_Vallaud-Belkacem" title="Najat Vallaud-Belkacem">Najat Vallaud-Belkacem</a> that a same-sex marriage bill would be adopted in spring 2013 at the latest.<a href="#cite_note-51">[36]</a> On 3 July, in his first speech in front of the newly elected assembly, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Ayrault" title="Jean-Marc Ayrault">Jean-Marc Ayrault</a> announced that marriage and adoption for all couples would be a reality "in the first semester of 2013".<a href="#cite_note-52">[37]</a> The draft bill was submitted to the <a href="/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament">French Parliament</a> on 7 November 2012.<a href="#cite_note-53">[38]</a> On 2 February 2013, the National Assembly approved the first article of the same-sex marriage bill by 249 votes to 97;<a href="#cite_note-54">[39]</a> the debate took several days as opponents introduced more than 5,000 amendments to the bill in order to slow down its passage. On 12 February, the National Assembly approved the bill as a whole in a 329–229 vote and sent it to the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-55">[40]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">Senate</a> started debating the bill on 4 April 2013 and five days later approved its first article in a 179–157 vote.<a href="#cite_note-56">[41]</a> On 12 April, the Senate approved the bill with minor amendments in a 171–165 vote.<a href="#cite_note-57">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[44]</a> The Senate version of the marriage bill was adopted by the National Assembly on 23 April 2013 in a 331–225 vote.<a href="#cite_note-60">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[46]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>23 April 2013 vote in the National Assembly<a href="#cite_note-62">[47]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Party</th> <th style="width:15%;">Voted for</th> <th>Voted against</th> <th>Abstained</th> <th>Non-voting </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Socialist_group,_associated_(National_Assembly)" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist group, associated (National Assembly)">Socialist, Republican and Citizen group</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCFFCC;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>281</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Aboubacar" title="Ibrahim Aboubacar">Ibrahim Aboubacar</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Adam" title="Patricia Adam">Patricia Adam</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Sylviane Alaux</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jean-Pierre Allossery</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pouria_Amirshahi" title="Pouria Amirshahi">Pouria Amirshahi</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Andr%C3%A9" title="François André">François André</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sylvie_Andrieux" title="Sylvie Andrieux">Sylvie Andrieux</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_App%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Nathalie Appéré">Nathalie Appéré</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Christian Assaf</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Avi Assouly</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Pierre Aylagas</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Bachelay" title="Alexis Bachelay">Alexis Bachelay</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Guillaume Bachelay</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Bacquet" title="Jean-Paul Bacquet">Jean-Paul Bacquet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Baert" title="Dominique Baert">Dominique Baert</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Bapt" title="Gérard Bapt">Gérard Bapt</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Barbier_(politician)" title="Frédéric Barbier (politician)">Frédéric Barbier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Serge Bardy</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ericka_Bareigts" title="Ericka Bareigts">Ericka Bareigts</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Bataille" title="Christian Bataille">Christian Bataille</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marie-No%C3%ABlle_Battistel" title="Marie-Noëlle Battistel">Marie-Noëlle Battistel</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Baumel" title="Laurent Baumel">Laurent Baumel</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Philippe Baumel</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Bays" title="Nicolas Bays">Nicolas Bays</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Catherine Beaubatie</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jean-Marie Beffara</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Luc Belot</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Karine_Berger" title="Karine Berger">Karine Berger</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Chantal_Berthelot" title="Chantal Berthelot">Chantal Berthelot</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gis%C3%A8le_Bi%C3%A9mouret" title="Gisèle Biémouret">Gisèle Biémouret</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Philippe Bies</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Erwann_Binet" title="Erwann Binet">Erwann Binet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jean-Pierre Blazy</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Yves_Blein" title="Yves Blein">Yves Blein</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jean-Luc Bleunven</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bloche" title="Patrick Bloche">Patrick Bloche</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Boisserie" title="Daniel Boisserie">Daniel Boisserie</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pascale_Boistard" title="Pascale Boistard">Pascale Boistard</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Christophe Borgel</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Florent_Boudi%C3%A9" title="Florent Boudié">Florent Boudié</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marie-Odile_Bouill%C3%A9" title="Marie-Odile Bouillé">Marie-Odile Bouillé</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Bouillon" title="Christophe Bouillon">Christophe Bouillon</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Bourguignon" title="Brigitte Bourguignon">Brigitte Bourguignon</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Malek_Boutih" title="Malek Boutih">Malek Boutih</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kheira_Bouziane" class="mw-redirect" title="Kheira Bouziane">Kheira Bouziane</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Émeric Bréhier</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Bricout" title="Jean-Louis Bricout">Jean-Louis Bricout</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Bridey" title="Jean-Jacques Bridey">Jean-Jacques Bridey</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Brottes" title="François Brottes">François Brottes</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Isabelle Bruneau</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Gwenegan Bui</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Sabine Buis</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jean-Claude Buisine</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Sylviane Bulteau</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Vincent Burroni</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Alain Calmette</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Christophe_Cambad%C3%A9lis" title="Jean-Christophe Cambadélis">Jean-Christophe Cambadélis</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Colette_Capdevielle" title="Colette Capdevielle">Colette Capdevielle</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Yann Capet</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Christophe Caresche</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Fanélie Carrey-Conte</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Martine_Carrillon-Couvreur" title="Martine Carrillon-Couvreur">Martine Carrillon-Couvreur</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Castaner" title="Christophe Castaner">Christophe Castaner</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Cathala" title="Laurent Cathala">Laurent Cathala</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jean-Yves Caullet</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Nathalie Chabanne</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Chambefort" title="Guy Chambefort">Guy Chambefort</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Chanteguet" title="Jean-Paul Chanteguet">Jean-Paul Chanteguet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marie-Anne_Chapdelaine" title="Marie-Anne Chapdelaine">Marie-Anne Chapdelaine</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Guy-Michel Chauveau</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Dominique Chauvel</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Cherki" title="Pascal Cherki">Pascal Cherki</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jean-David Ciot</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Claeys" title="Alain Claeys">Alain Claeys</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Cl%C3%A9ment" title="Jean-Michel Clément">Jean-Michel Clément</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marie-Fran%C3%A7oise_Clergeau" title="Marie-Françoise Clergeau">Marie-Françoise Clergeau</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Philip Cordery</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Valérie Corre</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jean-Jacques Cottel</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Coutelle" title="Catherine Coutelle">Catherine Coutelle</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jacques Cresta</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pascale_Crozon" title="Pascale Crozon">Pascale Crozon</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Seybah_Dagoma" title="Seybah Dagoma">Seybah Dagoma</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Yves_Daniel" title="Yves Daniel">Yves Daniel</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Carlos Da Silva</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Deguilhem" title="Pascal Deguilhem">Pascal Deguilhem</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Delaunay" title="Michèle Delaunay">Michèle Delaunay</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Delcourt_(politician)" title="Guy Delcourt (politician)">Guy Delcourt</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Carole_Delga" title="Carole Delga">Carole Delga</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Sébastien Denaja</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Descamps-Crosnier" title="Françoise Descamps-Crosnier">Françoise Descamps-Crosnier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Dessus" title="Sophie Dessus">Sophie Dessus</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jean-Louis Destans</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Destot" title="Michel Destot">Michel Destot</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Fanny Dombre-Coste</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Dosi%C3%A8re" title="René Dosière">René Dosière</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Philippe Doucet</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sandrine_Doucet" title="Sandrine Doucet">Sandrine Doucet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jean-Luc Drapeau</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Françoise Dubois</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Dufau" title="Jean-Pierre Dufau">Jean-Pierre Dufau</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Anne-Lise Dufour-Tonini</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Dumas" title="Françoise Dumas">Françoise Dumas</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/William_Dumas" title="William Dumas">William Dumas</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Dumont" title="Jean-Louis Dumont">Jean-Louis Dumont</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Dumont" title="Laurence Dumont">Laurence Dumont</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Dupr%C3%A9" title="Jean-Paul Dupré">Jean-Paul Dupré</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Yves_Durand_(politician)" title="Yves Durand (politician)">Yves Durand</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Duron" title="Philippe Duron">Philippe Duron</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Dussopt" title="Olivier Dussopt">Olivier Dussopt</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Christian Eckert</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Emmanuelli" title="Henri Emmanuelli">Henri Emmanuelli</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Corinne_Erhel" title="Corinne Erhel">Corinne Erhel</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Errante" title="Sophie Errante">Sophie Errante</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Marie-Hélène Fabre</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Martine_Faure" title="Martine Faure">Martine Faure</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Faure" title="Olivier Faure">Olivier Faure</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Faur%C3%A9" title="Alain Fauré">Alain Fauré</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Fekl" title="Matthias Fekl">Matthias Fekl</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Vincent Feltesse</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_F%C3%A9ron" title="Hervé Féron">Hervé Féron</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ferrand" title="Richard Ferrand">Richard Ferrand</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jean-Pierre Fougerat</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hugues Fourage</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Michèle Fournier-Armand</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Fran%C3%A7aix" title="Michel Françaix">Michel Françaix</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Christian Franqueville</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Fruteau" title="Jean-Claude Fruteau">Jean-Claude Fruteau</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Gagnaire" title="Jean-Louis Gagnaire">Jean-Louis Gagnaire</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Gaillard" title="Geneviève Gaillard">Geneviève Gaillard</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Yann Galut</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Geoffroy" title="Hélène Geoffroy">Hélène Geoffroy</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Germain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Marc Germain">Jean-Marc Germain</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Patrick_Gille" title="Jean-Patrick Gille">Jean-Patrick Gille</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Glavany" title="Jean Glavany">Jean Glavany</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Yves_Goasdou%C3%A9" title="Yves Goasdoué">Yves Goasdoué</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Goldberg_(politician)" title="Daniel Goldberg (politician)">Daniel Goldberg</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Gosselin" title="Geneviève Gosselin">Geneviève Gosselin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pascale_Got" title="Pascale Got">Pascale Got</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Goua" title="Marc Goua">Marc Goua</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Linda Gourjade</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Grandguillaume" title="Laurent Grandguillaume">Laurent Grandguillaume</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Estelle_Grelier" title="Estelle Grelier">Estelle Grelier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Grellier" title="Jean Grellier">Jean Grellier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jérôme Guedj</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Édith Gueugneau</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Guigou" title="Élisabeth Guigou">Élisabeth Guigou</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Thérèse Guilbert</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chantal Guittet</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/David_Habib" title="David Habib">David Habib</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Razzy_Hammadi" title="Razzy Hammadi">Razzy Hammadi</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mathieu_Hanotin" title="Mathieu Hanotin">Mathieu Hanotin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Danièle Hoffman-Rispal</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%ABlle_Huillier" title="Joëlle Huillier">Joëlle Huillier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sandrine_Hurel" title="Sandrine Hurel">Sandrine Hurel</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Christian Hutin</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Monique_Iborra" title="Monique Iborra">Monique Iborra</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Imbert" title="Françoise Imbert">Françoise Imbert</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Issindou" title="Michel Issindou">Michel Issindou</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Jalton" title="Éric Jalton">Éric Jalton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Serge_Janquin" title="Serge Janquin">Serge Janquin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Jibrayel" title="Henri Jibrayel">Henri Jibrayel</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gis_Juanico" title="Régis Juanico">Régis Juanico</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Armand_Jung" title="Armand Jung">Armand Jung</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Laurent Kalinowski</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marietta_Karamanli" title="Marietta Karamanli">Marietta Karamanli</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Kemel" title="Philippe Kemel">Philippe Kemel</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Chaynesse_Khirouni" title="Chaynesse Khirouni">Chaynesse Khirouni</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Conchita_Lacuey" title="Conchita Lacuey">Conchita Lacuey</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Colette_Langlade" title="Colette Langlade">Colette Langlade</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Launay" title="Jean Launay">Jean Launay</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Pierre Léautey</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Yves_Le_Borgn%27" title="Pierre-Yves Le Borgn'">Pierre-Yves Le Borgn'</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Le_Bouillonnec" title="Jean-Yves Le Bouillonnec">Jean-Yves Le Bouillonnec</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Le_Bris" title="Gilbert Le Bris">Gilbert Le Bris</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Anne-Yvonne_Le_Dain" title="Anne-Yvonne Le Dain">Anne-Yvonne Le Dain</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Le_D%C3%A9aut" title="Jean-Yves Le Déaut">Jean-Yves Le Déaut</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Viviane Le Dissez</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Michel Lefait</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Lefebvre" title="Dominique Lefebvre">Dominique Lefebvre</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jean-Marie Le Guen</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Annie Le Houérou</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Annick_Le_Loch" title="Annick Le Loch">Annick Le Loch</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Axelle_Lemaire" title="Axelle Lemaire">Axelle Lemaire</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lemasle" title="Patrick Lemasle">Patrick Lemasle</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Lemorton" title="Catherine Lemorton">Catherine Lemorton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Christophe Léonard</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Annick_Lepetit" title="Annick Lepetit">Annick Lepetit</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jean-Pierre Le Roch</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Le_Roux" title="Bruno Le Roux">Bruno Le Roux</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Leroy" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnaud Leroy">Arnaud Leroy</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Michel Lesage</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lesterlin" title="Bernard Lesterlin">Bernard Lesterlin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Serge_Letchimy" title="Serge Letchimy">Serge Letchimy</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Liebgott" title="Michel Liebgott">Michel Liebgott</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Martine_Ligni%C3%A8res-Cassou" title="Martine Lignières-Cassou">Martine Lignières-Cassou</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Linkenheld" title="Audrey Linkenheld">Audrey Linkenheld</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Loncle" title="François Loncle">François Loncle</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Lucette Lousteau</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jean-Pierre Maggi</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Mandon" title="Thierry Mandon">Thierry Mandon</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Maquet" title="Jacqueline Maquet">Jacqueline Maquet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marie-Lou_Marcel" title="Marie-Lou Marcel">Marie-Lou Marcel</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Ren%C3%A9_Marsac" title="Jean-René Marsac">Jean-René Marsac</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Martin_(politician)" title="Philippe Martin (politician)">Philippe Martin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Martine_Martinel" title="Martine Martinel">Martine Martinel</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rique_Massat" title="Frédérique Massat">Frédérique Massat</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sandrine_Mazetier" title="Sandrine Mazetier">Sandrine Mazetier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Michel_M%C3%A9nard" title="Michel Ménard">Michel Ménard</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Mennucci" title="Patrick Mennucci">Patrick Mennucci</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kl%C3%A9ber_Mesquida" title="Kléber Mesquida">Kléber Mesquida</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Alain_Muet" title="Pierre-Alain Muet">Pierre-Alain Muet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Nauche" title="Philippe Nauche">Philippe Nauche</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Ségolène Neuville</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Nathalie Nieson</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Philippe Noguès</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Maud_Olivier" title="Maud Olivier">Maud Olivier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Monique_Orph%C3%A9" title="Monique Orphé">Monique Orphé</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Pajon" title="Michel Pajon">Michel Pajon</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Luce Pane</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Paul_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Paul (politician)">Christian Paul</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Rémi Pauvros</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Germinal_Peiro" title="Germinal Peiro">Germinal Peiro</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Pellois" title="Hervé Pellois">Hervé Pellois</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Perez" title="Jean-Claude Perez">Jean-Claude Perez</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Sylvie Pichot</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Sébastien Pietrasanta</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Martine_Pinville" title="Martine Pinville">Martine Pinville</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Christine_Pir%C3%A8s-Beaune" title="Christine Pirès-Beaune">Christine Pirès-Beaune</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Plisson" title="Philippe Plisson">Philippe Plisson</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Pochon" title="Élisabeth Pochon">Élisabeth Pochon</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Pascal Popelin</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Émilienne Poumirol</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Pouzol" title="Michel Pouzol">Michel Pouzol</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Patrice Prat</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Pueyo" title="Joaquim Pueyo">Joaquim Pueyo</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Qu%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Catherine Quéré">Catherine Quéré</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_Rabault" title="Valérie Rabault">Valérie Rabault</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Monique_Rabin" title="Monique Rabin">Monique Rabin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Raimbourg" title="Dominique Raimbourg">Dominique Raimbourg</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marie_R%C3%A9calde" title="Marie Récalde">Marie Récalde</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marie-Line_Reynaud" title="Marie-Line Reynaud">Marie-Line Reynaud</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Eduardo Rihan Cypel</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Denys Robiliard</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Rodet" title="Alain Rodet">Alain Rodet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Rogemont" title="Marcel Rogemont">Marcel Rogemont</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Frédéric Roig</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Romagnan" title="Barbara Romagnan">Barbara Romagnan</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Roman" title="Bernard Roman">Bernard Roman</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gwendal_Rouillard" title="Gwendal Rouillard">Gwendal Rouillard</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Rouquet" title="René Rouquet">René Rouquet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Rousset" title="Alain Rousset">Alain Rousset</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Boinali_Sa%C3%AFd" title="Boinali Saïd">Boinali Saïd</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Béatrice Santais</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Odile_Saugues" title="Odile Saugues">Odile Saugues</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Gilbert Sauvan</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Savary" title="Gilles Savary">Gilles Savary</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Gérard Sebaoun</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Sirugue" title="Christophe Sirugue">Christophe Sirugue</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Julie Sommaruga</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Tallard" title="Suzanne Tallard">Suzanne Tallard</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Terrasse" title="Pascal Terrasse">Pascal Terrasse</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Gérard Terrier</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Th%C3%A9venoud" title="Thomas Thévenoud">Thomas Thévenoud</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sylvie_Tolmont" title="Sylvie Tolmont">Sylvie Tolmont</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Touraine" title="Jean-Louis Touraine">Jean-Louis Touraine</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Travert" title="Stéphane Travert">Stéphane Travert</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Catherine Troallic</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_Untermaier" title="Cécile Untermaier">Cécile Untermaier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Urvoas" title="Jean-Jacques Urvoas">Jean-Jacques Urvoas</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Vaillant" title="Daniel Vaillant">Daniel Vaillant</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Valax" title="Jacques Valax">Jacques Valax</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Clotilde Valter</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Vauzelle" title="Michel Vauzelle">Michel Vauzelle</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Olivier_V%C3%A9ran" title="Olivier Véran">Olivier Véran</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Fabrice Verdier</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Vergnier" title="Michel Vergnier">Michel Vergnier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Vignal" title="Patrick Vignal">Patrick Vignal</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Villaum%C3%A9" title="Jean-Michel Villaumé">Jean-Michel Villaumé</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jean-Jacques Vlody</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Paola Zanetti</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>4</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Bernadette Laclais</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Lambert" title="Jérôme Lambert">Jérôme Lambert</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lebreton" title="Patrick Lebreton">Patrick Lebreton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Louis-Carabin" title="Gabrielle Louis-Carabin">Gabrielle Louis-Carabin</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>4</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marie-Fran%C3%A7oise_Bechtel" title="Marie-Françoise Bechtel">Marie-Françoise Bechtel</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Laurent" title="Jean-Luc Laurent">Jean-Luc Laurent</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jean-Philippe Mallé</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Potier" title="Dominique Potier">Dominique Potier</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>1</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Bartolone" title="Claude Bartolone">Claude Bartolone</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[b]</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_group_(National_Assembly)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Republicans group (National Assembly)">Union for a Popular Movement group</a> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>6</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Benoist_Apparu" title="Benoist Apparu">Benoist Apparu</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Luc_Chatel" title="Luc Chatel">Luc Chatel</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Alain Chrétien">Alain Chrétien</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Dubois" title="Marianne Dubois">Marianne Dubois</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Guaino" title="Henri Guaino">Henri Guaino</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Franck_Riester" title="Franck Riester">Franck Riester</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFAEB9;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>183</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Damien_Abad" title="Damien Abad">Damien Abad</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Aboud" title="Élie Aboud">Élie Aboud</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Accoyer" title="Bernard Accoyer">Bernard Accoyer</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Yves_Albarello" title="Yves Albarello">Yves Albarello</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Julien_Aubert" title="Julien Aubert">Julien Aubert</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Olivier Audibert-Troin</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Balkany" title="Patrick Balkany">Patrick Balkany</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jean-Pierre Barbier</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Baroin" title="François Baroin">François Baroin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Alain_B%C3%A9nisti" title="Jacques-Alain Bénisti">Jacques-Alain Bénisti</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Berrios" title="Sylvain Berrios">Sylvain Berrios</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Bertrand" title="Xavier Bertrand">Xavier Bertrand</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Blanc" title="Étienne Blanc">Étienne Blanc</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Bouchet" title="Jean-Claude Bouchet">Jean-Claude Bouchet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_Boyer" title="Valérie Boyer">Valérie Boyer</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Breton" title="Xavier Breton">Xavier Breton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Briand" title="Philippe Briand">Philippe Briand</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Brochand" title="Bernard Brochand">Bernard Brochand</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Bussereau" title="Dominique Bussereau">Dominique Bussereau</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Carr%C3%A9" title="Olivier Carré">Olivier Carré</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Carrez" title="Gilles Carrez">Gilles Carrez</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Yves_Censi" title="Yves Censi">Yves Censi</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Chartier" title="Jérôme Chartier">Jérôme Chartier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Cherpion" title="Gérard Cherpion">Gérard Cherpion</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Guillaume Chevrollier</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Christ" title="Jean-Louis Christ">Jean-Louis Christ</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dino_Cinieri" title="Dino Cinieri">Dino Cinieri</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Ciotti" title="Éric Ciotti">Éric Ciotti</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Cochet" title="Philippe Cochet">Philippe Cochet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Cop%C3%A9" title="Jean-François Copé">Jean-François Copé</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Cornut-Gentille" title="François Cornut-Gentille">François Cornut-Gentille</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Courtial" title="Édouard Courtial">Édouard Courtial</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Couve" title="Jean-Michel Couve">Jean-Michel Couve</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marie-Christine_Dalloz" title="Marie-Christine Dalloz">Marie-Christine Dalloz</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rald_Darmanin" title="Gérald Darmanin">Gérald Darmanin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Dassault" title="Olivier Dassault">Olivier Dassault</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marc-Philippe_Daubresse" title="Marc-Philippe Daubresse">Marc-Philippe Daubresse</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Debr%C3%A9" title="Bernard Debré">Bernard Debré</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Decool" title="Jean-Pierre Decool">Jean-Pierre Decool</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Deflesselles" title="Bernard Deflesselles">Bernard Deflesselles</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Degauchy" title="Lucien Degauchy">Lucien Degauchy</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9mi_Delatte" title="Rémi Delatte">Rémi Delatte</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Devedjian" title="Patrick Devedjian">Patrick Devedjian</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Dhuicq" title="Nicolas Dhuicq">Nicolas Dhuicq</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Sophie Dion</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Door" title="Jean-Pierre Door">Jean-Pierre Door</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Dord" title="Dominique Dord">Dominique Dord</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/David_Douillet" title="David Douillet">David Douillet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Virginie_Duby-Muller" title="Virginie Duby-Muller">Virginie Duby-Muller</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Estrosi" title="Christian Estrosi">Christian Estrosi</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Fasquelle" title="Daniel Fasquelle">Daniel Fasquelle</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Fenech" title="Georges Fenech">Georges Fenech</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marie-Louise_Fort" title="Marie-Louise Fort">Marie-Louise Fort</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Yves Foulon</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Yves_Fromion" title="Yves Fromion">Yves Fromion</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Furst" title="Laurent Furst">Laurent Furst</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Claude_de_Ganay" title="Claude de Ganay">Claude de Ganay</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sauveur_Gandolfi-Scheit" title="Sauveur Gandolfi-Scheit">Sauveur Gandolfi-Scheit</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Gaymard" title="Hervé Gaymard">Hervé Gaymard</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Annie_Genevard" title="Annie Genevard">Annie Genevard</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Geoffroy" title="Guy Geoffroy">Guy Geoffroy</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_G%C3%A9rard_(politician)" title="Bernard Gérard (politician)">Bernard Gérard</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Gest" title="Alain Gest">Alain Gest</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gibbs" title="Daniel Gibbs">Daniel Gibbs</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Franck_Gilard" title="Franck Gilard">Franck Gilard</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ginesta" title="Georges Ginesta">Georges Ginesta</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Charles-Ange_Gin%C3%A9sy" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles-Ange Ginésy">Charles-Ange Ginésy</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Giran" title="Jean-Pierre Giran">Jean-Pierre Giran</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Goasguen" title="Claude Goasguen">Claude Goasguen</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Gorges" title="Jean-Pierre Gorges">Jean-Pierre Gorges</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Gosselin" title="Philippe Gosselin">Philippe Gosselin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Goujon" title="Philippe Goujon">Philippe Goujon</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Greff" title="Claude Greff">Claude Greff</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Grommerch" title="Anne Grommerch">Anne Grommerch</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Arlette_Grosskost" title="Arlette Grosskost">Arlette Grosskost</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Serge_Grouard" title="Serge Grouard">Serge Grouard</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Gu%C3%A9got" title="Françoise Guégot">Françoise Guégot</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Guibal" title="Jean-Claude Guibal">Jean-Claude Guibal</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Guillet" title="Jean-Jacques Guillet">Jean-Jacques Guillet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Guilloteau" title="Christophe Guilloteau">Christophe Guilloteau</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Heinrich" title="Michel Heinrich">Michel Heinrich</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Herbillon" title="Michel Herbillon">Michel Herbillon</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Herth" title="Antoine Herth">Antoine Herth</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hetzel" title="Patrick Hetzel">Patrick Hetzel</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Houillon" title="Philippe Houillon">Philippe Houillon</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9nha%C3%ABl_Huet" title="Guénhaël Huet">Guénhaël Huet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Huyghe" title="Sébastien Huyghe">Sébastien Huyghe</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Jacob_(politician)" title="Christian Jacob (politician)">Christian Jacob</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Denis_Jacquat" title="Denis Jacquat">Denis Jacquat</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Kert" title="Christian Kert">Christian Kert</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Kossowski" title="Jacques Kossowski">Jacques Kossowski</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Labaune" title="Patrick Labaune">Patrick Labaune</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_Lacroute" title="Valérie Lacroute">Valérie Lacroute</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Laffineur" title="Marc Laffineur">Marc Laffineur</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lamblin" title="Jacques Lamblin">Jacques Lamblin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lamour" title="Jean-François Lamour">Jean-François Lamour</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Laure_de_La_Raudi%C3%A8re" title="Laure de La Raudière">Laure de La Raudière</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Larriv%C3%A9" title="Guillaume Larrivé">Guillaume Larrivé</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_La_Verpilli%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles de La Verpillière">Charles de La Verpillière</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Lazaro" title="Thierry Lazaro">Thierry Lazaro</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Alain Leboeuf</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Le_Callennec" title="Isabelle Le Callennec">Isabelle Le Callennec</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Le_Fur" title="Marc Le Fur">Marc Le Fur</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Le_M%C3%A8ner" title="Dominique Le Mèner">Dominique Le Mèner</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Leonetti" title="Jean Leonetti">Jean Leonetti</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lequiller" title="Pierre Lequiller">Pierre Lequiller</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Philippe Le Ray</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9leste_Lett" title="Céleste Lett">Céleste Lett</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Levy" title="Geneviève Levy">Geneviève Levy</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ronique_Louwagie" title="Véronique Louwagie">Véronique Louwagie</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Lionnel_Luca" title="Lionnel Luca">Lionnel Luca</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Lurton" title="Gilles Lurton">Gilles Lurton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Mancel" title="Jean-François Mancel">Jean-François Mancel</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Marc" title="Alain Marc">Alain Marc</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Marcangeli" title="Laurent Marcangeli">Laurent Marcangeli</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Mariani" title="Thierry Mariani">Thierry Mariani</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Mariton" title="Hervé Mariton">Hervé Mariton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Marleix" title="Alain Marleix">Alain Marleix</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Marleix" title="Olivier Marleix">Olivier Marleix</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Franck_Marlin" title="Franck Marlin">Franck Marlin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Alain Marsaud</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Armand_Martin" title="Philippe-Armand Martin">Philippe-Armand Martin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Patrice_Martin-Lalande" title="Patrice Martin-Lalande">Patrice Martin-Lalande</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Marty" title="Alain Marty">Alain Marty</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Mathis" title="Jean-Claude Mathis">Jean-Claude Mathis</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Mazi%C3%A8res" title="François de Mazières">François de Mazières</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Damien_Meslot" title="Damien Meslot">Damien Meslot</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Meunier" title="Philippe Meunier">Philippe Meunier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Mignon" title="Jean-Claude Mignon">Jean-Claude Mignon</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Morange" title="Pierre Morange">Pierre Morange</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Morel-A-L%27Huissier" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Morel-A-L'Huissier">Pierre Morel-A-L'Huissier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Moudenc" title="Jean-Luc Moudenc">Jean-Luc Moudenc</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Moyne-Bressand" title="Alain Moyne-Bressand">Alain Moyne-Bressand</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Myard" title="Jacques Myard">Jacques Myard</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Dominique Nachury</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Yves_Nicolin" title="Yves Nicolin">Yves Nicolin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Ollier" title="Patrick Ollier">Patrick Ollier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse">Valérie Pécresse</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_P%C3%A9lissard" title="Jacques Pélissard">Jacques Pélissard</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Perrut" title="Bernard Perrut">Bernard Perrut</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Poisson" title="Jean-Frédéric Poisson">Jean-Frédéric Poisson</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9reng%C3%A8re_Poletti" title="Bérengère Poletti">Bérengère Poletti</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Axel_Poniatowski" title="Axel Poniatowski">Axel Poniatowski</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Josette_Pons" title="Josette Pons">Josette Pons</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Priou" title="Christophe Priou">Christophe Priou</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Didier_Quentin" title="Didier Quentin">Didier Quentin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Reiss" title="Frédéric Reiss">Frédéric Reiss</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Reitzer" title="Jean-Luc Reitzer">Jean-Luc Reitzer</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Reyn%C3%A8s" title="Bernard Reynès">Bernard Reynès</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Robinet" title="Arnaud Robinet">Arnaud Robinet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Camille_de_Rocca_Serra" title="Camille de Rocca Serra">Camille de Rocca Serra</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Sophie Rohfritsch</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Martial_Saddier" title="Martial Saddier">Martial Saddier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Paul Salen</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Scellier" title="François Scellier">François Scellier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Claudine Schmid</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">André Schneider</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Sermier" title="Jean-Marie Sermier">Jean-Marie Sermier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Fernand Siré</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Sol%C3%A8re" title="Thierry Solère">Thierry Solère</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Sordi" title="Michel Sordi">Michel Sordi</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Straumann" title="Éric Straumann">Éric Straumann</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Claude Sturni</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Suguenot" title="Alain Suguenot">Alain Suguenot</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Tabarot" title="Michèle Tabarot">Michèle Tabarot</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Tardy" title="Lionel Tardy">Lionel Tardy</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Taugourdeau" title="Jean-Charles Taugourdeau">Jean-Charles Taugourdeau</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Teissier" title="Guy Teissier">Guy Teissier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Terrot" title="Michel Terrot">Michel Terrot</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jean-Marie Tetart</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Tian" title="Dominique Tian">Dominique Tian</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Vannson" title="François Vannson">François Vannson</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Vautrin" title="Catherine Vautrin">Catherine Vautrin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Patrice_Verch%C3%A8re" title="Patrice Verchère">Patrice Verchère</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-S%C3%A9bastien_Vialatte" title="Jean-Sébastien Vialatte">Jean-Sébastien Vialatte</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Vigier" title="Jean-Pierre Vigier">Jean-Pierre Vigier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Vitel" title="Philippe Vitel">Philippe Vitel</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Voisin" title="Michel Voisin">Michel Voisin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Warsmann" title="Jean-Luc Warsmann">Jean-Luc Warsmann</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Wauquiez" title="Laurent Wauquiez">Laurent Wauquiez</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Woerth" title="Éric Woerth">Éric Woerth</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marie-Jo_Zimmermann" title="Marie-Jo Zimmermann">Marie-Jo Zimmermann</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>5</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Ameline" title="Nicole Ameline">Nicole Ameline</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Kosciusko-Morizet" title="Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet">Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lellouche" title="Pierre Lellouche">Pierre Lellouche</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Le_Maire" title="Bruno Le Maire">Bruno Le Maire</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">Édouard Philippe</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_and_Independents" title="Union of Democrats and Independents">Union of Democrats and Independents</a> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>5</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Borloo" title="Jean-Louis Borloo">Jean-Louis Borloo</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Gom%C3%A8s" title="Philippe Gomès">Philippe Gomès</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Yves_J%C3%A9go" title="Yves Jégo">Yves Jégo</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Christophe_Lagarde" title="Jean-Christophe Lagarde">Jean-Christophe Lagarde</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Lagarde" title="Sonia Lagarde">Sonia Lagarde</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFAEB9;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>25</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Benoit" title="Thierry Benoit">Thierry Benoit</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Bourdouleix" title="Gilles Bourdouleix">Gilles Bourdouleix</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Courson" title="Charles de Courson">Charles de Courson</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Demilly" title="Stéphane Demilly">Stéphane Demilly</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Yannick_Favennec" title="Yannick Favennec">Yannick Favennec</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Folliot" title="Philippe Folliot">Philippe Folliot</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Fritch" title="Édouard Fritch">Édouard Fritch</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Christophe_Fromantin" title="Jean-Christophe Fromantin">Jean-Christophe Fromantin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hillmeyer" title="Francis Hillmeyer">Francis Hillmeyer</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Leroy" title="Maurice Leroy">Maurice Leroy</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Morin" title="Hervé Morin">Hervé Morin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Pancher" title="Bertrand Pancher">Bertrand Pancher</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Piron" title="Michel Piron">Michel Piron</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Franck_Reynier" title="Franck Reynier">Franck Reynier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Arnaud Richard</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rochebloine" title="François Rochebloine">François Rochebloine</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Salles" title="Rudy Salles">Rudy Salles</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Santini" title="André Santini">André Santini</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Sauvadet" title="François Sauvadet">François Sauvadet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jonas Tahuaitu</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jean-Paul Tuaiva</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Vercamer" title="Francis Vercamer">Francis Vercamer</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Vigier" title="Philippe Vigier">Philippe Vigier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Villain" title="François-Xavier Villain">François-Xavier Villain</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Zumkeller" title="Michel Zumkeller">Michel Zumkeller</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Europe_Ecology_%E2%80%93_The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Ecology – The Greens">Ecologist group</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCFFCC;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>17</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Laurence Abeille</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Alauzet" title="Éric Alauzet">Éric Alauzet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Brigitte Alain</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Attard" title="Isabelle Attard">Isabelle Attard</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Danielle Auroi</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Denis_Baupin" title="Denis Baupin">Denis Baupin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Bonneton" title="Michèle Bonneton">Michèle Bonneton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Christophe Cavard</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Coronado" title="Sergio Coronado">Sergio Coronado</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Michel_Lambert" title="François-Michel Lambert">François-Michel Lambert</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Mam%C3%A8re" title="Noël Mamère">Noël Mamère</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Véronique Massonneau</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Molac" title="Paul Molac">Paul Molac</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Pompili" title="Barbara Pompili">Barbara Pompili</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Roum%C3%A9gas" title="Jean-Louis Roumégas">Jean-Louis Roumégas</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Rugy" title="François de Rugy">François de Rugy</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89va_Sas" title="Éva Sas">Éva Sas</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Radical,_Republican,_Democratic_and_Progressive" title="Radical, Republican, Democratic and Progressive">Radical, Republican, Democratic and Progressive</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCFFCC;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>13</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Thierry Braillard</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jean-Noël Carpentier</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jeanine_Dubi%C3%A9" title="Jeanine Dubié">Jeanine Dubié</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Falorni" title="Olivier Falorni">Olivier Falorni</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Giacobbi" title="Paul Giacobbi">Paul Giacobbi</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Annick_Girardin" title="Annick Girardin">Annick Girardin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%ABl_Giraud" title="Joël Giraud">Joël Giraud</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Krabal" title="Jacques Krabal">Jacques Krabal</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Jacques Moignard</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Orliac" title="Dominique Orliac">Dominique Orliac</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Stéphane Saint-André</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Roger-G%C3%A9rard_Schwartzenberg" title="Roger-Gérard Schwartzenberg">Roger-Gérard Schwartzenberg</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Tourret" title="Alain Tourret">Alain Tourret</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>2</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ary_Chalus" title="Ary Chalus">Ary Chalus</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Robert" title="Thierry Robert">Thierry Robert</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Democratic_and_Republican_Left_group" title="Democratic and Republican Left group">Democratic and Republican Left group</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCFFCC;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>9</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Asensi" title="François Asensi">François Asensi</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Bocquet" title="Alain Bocquet">Alain Bocquet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marie-George_Buffet" title="Marie-George Buffet">Marie-George Buffet</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Candelier" title="Jean-Jacques Candelier">Jean-Jacques Candelier</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gaby_Charroux" title="Gaby Charroux">Gaby Charroux</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Chassaigne" title="André Chassaigne">André Chassaigne</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Dolez" title="Marc Dolez">Marc Dolez</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Fraysse" title="Jacqueline Fraysse">Jacqueline Fraysse</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sansu" title="Nicolas Sansu">Nicolas Sansu</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>4</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Nestor_Az%C3%A9rot" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruno Nestor Azérot">Bruno Nestor Azérot</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Patrice Carvalho</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Marie-Jeanne" title="Alfred Marie-Jeanne">Alfred Marie-Jeanne</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Philippe_Nilor" title="Jean-Philippe Nilor">Jean-Philippe Nilor</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>1</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Serville" title="Gabriel Serville">Gabriel Serville</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Non-Attached_Members_(France)" title="Non-Attached Members (France)">Non-attached members</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td style="background-color:#FFAEB9;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>7</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ronique_Besse" title="Véronique Besse">Véronique Besse</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bompard" title="Jacques Bompard">Jacques Bompard</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Collard" title="Gilbert Collard">Gilbert Collard</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Dupont-Aignan" title="Nicolas Dupont-Aignan">Nicolas Dupont-Aignan</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lassalle" title="Jean Lassalle">Jean Lassalle</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marion_Mar%C3%A9chal-Le_Pen" class="mw-redirect" title="Marion Maréchal-Le Pen">Marion Maréchal-Le Pen</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Yannick Moreau</li></ul> </div> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">Total</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">331</td> <td style="text-align:center;">225</td> <td style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td></tr></tbody></table> The same-sex marriage law is commonly referred to in France as la loi Taubira ("the Taubira law") in reference to Justice Minister <a href="/wiki/Christiane_Taubira" title="Christiane Taubira">Christiane Taubira</a> who introduced the bill to the French Assembly in November 2012 and was the bill's main sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-64">[48]</a> The law amended Article 143 (Book I, Title V, Chapter I) of the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Code" title="Napoleonic Code">Napoleonic Code</a> to state: Marriage is contracted by two persons of different or of the same sex.<a href="#cite_note-65">[c]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reaction_and_aftermath">Reaction and aftermath</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reaction and aftermath">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strasbourg_manifestation_mariage_pour_tous_19_janvier_2013_41.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Strasbourg_manifestation_mariage_pour_tous_19_janvier_2013_41.JPG/220px-Strasbourg_manifestation_mariage_pour_tous_19_janvier_2013_41.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Strasbourg_manifestation_mariage_pour_tous_19_janvier_2013_41.JPG/330px-Strasbourg_manifestation_mariage_pour_tous_19_janvier_2013_41.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Strasbourg_manifestation_mariage_pour_tous_19_janvier_2013_41.JPG/440px-Strasbourg_manifestation_mariage_pour_tous_19_janvier_2013_41.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Supporters of same-sex marriage campaigning in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, 19 January 2013</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Manif_Pour_Tous_-_21_avril_2013_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/La_Manif_Pour_Tous_-_21_avril_2013_05.jpg/220px-La_Manif_Pour_Tous_-_21_avril_2013_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/La_Manif_Pour_Tous_-_21_avril_2013_05.jpg/330px-La_Manif_Pour_Tous_-_21_avril_2013_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/La_Manif_Pour_Tous_-_21_avril_2013_05.jpg/440px-La_Manif_Pour_Tous_-_21_avril_2013_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Opponents of same-sex marriage at a rally against the law, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, 21 April 2013</figcaption></figure> The opposition <a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">Union for a Popular Movement</a> (UMP) party immediately filed a challenge against the law with the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Council_(France)" title="Constitutional Council (France)">Constitutional Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[50]</a> On 17 May 2013, the Council declared the law constitutional.<a href="#cite_note-Con-21">[7]</a> The same day, President François Hollande <a href="/wiki/Promulgated" class="mw-redirect" title="Promulgated">promulgated</a> the bill, which was officially published on 18 May 2013 in the <a href="/wiki/Journal_Officiel_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_Fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal Officiel de la République Française">Journal Officiel de la République Française</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Law-16">[2]</a> The first same-sex marriage to be recognized in France was that of Dominique Adamski and Francis Dekens, who had their marriage <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Belgium" title="Same-sex marriage in Belgium">performed in Belgium</a> in 2006 registered in <a href="/wiki/Cayeux-sur-Mer" title="Cayeux-sur-Mer">Cayeux-sur-Mer</a> on 23 May.<a href="#cite_note-68">[51]</a> The first official same-sex wedding ceremony took place on 29 May in the city of <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> between Vincent Autin and Bruno Boileau. The ceremony was conducted by Mayor <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Mandroux" title="Hélène Mandroux">Hélène Mandroux</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cnn.com-24">[10]</a> The first same-sex marriage between two women took place on 1 June in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-la-Ruelle" title="Saint-Jean-de-la-Ruelle">Saint-Jean-de-la-Ruelle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[52]</a> In June 2013, the French Government issued a <a href="/wiki/Circulaire" title="Circulaire">circulaire</a> stipulating a maximum sentence of 5 years' imprisonment and a fine of 75,000<a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a> for any mayor or local official who refuses to perform a marriage for a same-sex couple on the sole basis of their <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[53]</a> The official may also face discrimination charges under Article 432-7 of the <a href="/wiki/Code_p%C3%A9nal_(France)" title="Code pénal (France)">Penal Code</a>. In October 2013, the Constitutional Council dismissed a lawsuit challenging the circulaire, ruling that it did not violate the French Constitution. The court wrote in its ruling that the circulaire "ensures a good enforcement of the law and guarantees neutrality from the state".<a href="#cite_note-71">[54]</a> In September 2015, a court in <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> sentenced Sabrina Hout to five months' imprisonment for having refused to perform a same-sex marriage back in August 2014. Hout, who served as deputy mayor in Marseille, had been scheduled to officiate at the marriage on 16 August but said she was not feeling fell and asked a local council member to perform the marriage instead. However, the council member did not have the legal authority to perform the marriage and it was later invalidated. Hout officiated at four opposite-sex marriages that same day.<a href="#cite_note-72">[55]</a> In October 2018, the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> dismissed an appeal from 146 mayors in the case.<a href="#cite_note-73">[56]</a> In July 2018, MP <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Chiche" title="Guillaume Chiche">Guillaume Chiche</a> introduced a bill to legalise <a href="/wiki/Assisted_reproduction_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Assisted reproduction technology">assisted reproduction</a> for married and unmarried lesbian couples and single women.<a href="#cite_note-74">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[58]</a> In June 2019, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">Édouard Philippe</a> told the National Assembly that the government intended to have the legislation examined in the Assembly from the end of September 2019.<a href="#cite_note-76">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[62]</a> The bill was adopted in its first reading by the National Assembly on 15 October 2019 by a vote of 359–114.<a href="#cite_note-80">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[64]</a> It passed its second reading on 31 July 2020 by 60 votes to 37 (the low turnout being due to most Assembly members having gone on summer holidays).<a href="#cite_note-82">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[66]</a> The Senate approved the bill in first reading on 4 February 2020 by 153 votes to 143 with 45 abstentions.<a href="#cite_note-84">[67]</a> The proposal would also foresee the state covering the cost of the assisted reproduction procedures for all women under 43 and allowing children born with donated sperm to find out their donor's identity when they reach the age of 18. The bill passed its final reading in the French Parliament on 29 June, and came into effect in September 2021.<a href="#cite_note-85">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[69]</a> There has been little political movement to abrogate the same-sex marriage law despite some politicians, including <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 presidential candidate</a> <a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a>,<a href="#cite_note-87">[70]</a> expressly calling for its repeal. Former President <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> said he favored repealing the law in 2014, but said in a 2016 interview that he had changed his mind, calling a repeal "unjust, cruel and legally impossible".<a href="#cite_note-88">[71]</a> In 2017, the party president of <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">The Republicans</a> (previously the UMP), <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Wauquiez" title="Laurent Wauquiez">Laurent Wauquiez</a>, said he opposed repealing the law,<a href="#cite_note-89">[72]</a> and in June 2019, the vice president of the <a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Rally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Bardella" title="Jordan Bardella">Jordan Bardella</a>, said the matter was "settled".<a href="#cite_note-90">[73]</a> While running in the <a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022 presidential election</a>, Le Pen said she also opposed repealing the law, <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">tweeting</a> on 15 April 2022, "I will not take rights away from French citizens. Marriage for all will remain if I am elected President of the French Republic".<a href="#cite_note-91">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scope">Scope</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Scope">edit</a>]</div> There had been initial confusion over whether the act applied to nationals of <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, as it breached bilateral agreements stipulating that the law of those countries applies rather than French law.<a href="#cite_note-92">[75]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(France)" title="Court of Cassation (France)">Court of Cassation</a> ruled that it does in September 2015, finding the provisions excluding these countries discriminatory and contrary to French law.<a href="#cite_note-93">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_recognition_in_Overseas_France">Historical recognition in Overseas France</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Historical recognition in Overseas France">edit</a>]</div> While <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_culture" title="Polynesian culture">Polynesian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mayotte" title="Culture of Mayotte">Mayotte</a> culture historically practiced <a href="/wiki/Polygamy" title="Polygamy">polygamy</a>, there are no records of same-sex marriages as understood from a <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a> perspective being performed in those cultures.<a href="#cite_note-94">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[78]</a> However, there is evidence for identities and behaviours that may be placed on the LGBT spectrum. In the <a href="/wiki/Society_Islands" title="Society Islands">Society Islands</a> of <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a>, as well as in other Polynesian cultures, there exists people who fulfill a traditional, spiritual and social <a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">third gender</a> role. They are known as <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81h%C5%AB" title="Māhū">māhū</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈmaːhuː]</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Tahitian_language" title="Tahitian language">Tahitian</a>. The māhū are assigned male at birth but express themselves as women.<a href="#cite_note-96">[79]</a> "Being outside of the traditional male-female divide", they are raised as girls from early childhood, carry out women's work in the home and the community, and historically often served as domestic servants of the nobility. The māhū are considered an integral part of Tahitian society; "Māhū were not merely tolerated; they were regarded as a legitimate and contributory part of the ancient Polynesian community."<a href="#cite_note-97">[80]</a> They have been known to Europeans since the 18th century, with <a href="/wiki/William_Bligh" title="William Bligh">William Bligh</a>, the captain of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Bounty" title="HMS Bounty">HMS Bounty</a>, having noted the presence of "men with great marks of effeminacy". Historically, if they wished to marry and have children, they would marry women. The māhū status thus created the possibility for marriages between two female-presenting individuals to be performed in Tahitian culture.<a href="#cite_note-98">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-monde-100">[83]</a> In Wallisian culture, people who occupy a similar third gender role are known as fakafafine (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[fakafaˈfine]</a>), and it is likely that "they have always existed" on <a href="/wiki/Wallis_(island)" title="Wallis (island)">Wallis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[84]</a> Assigned male at birth, they express themselves as women and carry out women's work in the community. They are also known as fakafafine in <a href="/wiki/Futunan_language" title="Futunan language">Futunan</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Marquesas_Islands" title="Marquesas Islands">Marquesas Islands</a>, people born as male but expressing themselves as women are known as piivehine (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[piːveˈhine]</a>), while people born as female but expressing themselves as men are known as piivahana (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[piːvaˈhana]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-102">[85]</a> French sociologist Laure Hins Grépin reported in 2005 that piivehine had <a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">sexual intercourse</a> primarily with "openly macho" <a href="/wiki/Cisgender" title="Cisgender">cisgender</a> men, but did not say whether were historically allowed to marry.<a href="#cite_note-monde-100">[83]</a> They are known as ʼakavaʼine in the <a href="/wiki/Rapa_language" title="Rapa language">Rapa language</a>,<a href="#cite_note-103">[86]</a> as ʼakaʼaʼine in <a href="/wiki/Mangareva_language" title="Mangareva language">Mangareva</a>,<a href="#cite_note-104">[87]</a> and as hakavahīne in the <a href="/wiki/Tuamotuan_language" title="Tuamotuan language">Tuamotuan language</a>, though māhū is also used.<a href="#cite_note-105">[88]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>, the sarambavi (سَرَمْٻَاڤِ) occupy a similar cultural role, and are "relatively well integrated into Mayotte society". They choose to obey the "law of women", and can take part in the mbiwi, a traditional dance generally reserved for women.<a href="#cite_note-106">[89]</a> However, it is unknown if the sarambavi were historically allowed to marry. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_statistics">Marriage statistics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Marriage statistics">edit</a>]</div> In 2013, 7,367 same-sex couples were legally married in France.<a href="#cite_note-107">[90]</a> They made up approximately 3% of all marriages performed in that time, with three out of every five same-sex marriages involving male couples. 10,522 same-sex marriages took place in France in 2014, in around 6,000 <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">communes</a>, representing 4% of all marriages performed that year.<a href="#cite_note-108">[91]</a> Male couples accounted for about 54% of these marriages, while female couples accounted for the remaining 46%.<a href="#cite_note-109">[92]</a> 1,331 same-sex couples married in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, comprising 13.5% of the total number of weddings performed in the city that year.<a href="#cite_note-110">[93]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Number of marriages and unions performed in France since 2013<a href="#cite_note-111">[94]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Same-sex marriages </th> <th>Total marriages </th> <th>Same-sex PACS </th> <th>Total PACS </th></tr> <tr> <td>2013</td> <td>7,367</td> <td>238,592</td> <td>6,093</td> <td>168,692 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014</td> <td>10,522</td> <td>241,292</td> <td>6,262</td> <td>173,731 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015</td> <td>7,751</td> <td>236,316</td> <td>7,017</td> <td>188,947 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016<a href="#cite_note-112">[95]</a></td> <td>7,113</td> <td>232,725</td> <td>7,112</td> <td>191,537 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017</td> <td>7,244</td> <td>233,915</td> <td>7,400</td> <td>195,633 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018</td> <td>6,386</td> <td>234,735</td> <td>8,589</td> <td>208,871 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019</td> <td>6,272</td> <td>224,740</td> <td>8,356</td> <td>196,370 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020</td> <td>4,598</td> <td>154,581</td> <td>7,983</td> <td>173,894 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021</td> <td>6,406</td> <td>218,819</td> <td>9,810</td> <td>209,461 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022</td> <td>6,869</td> <td>241,710</td> <td>10,350</td> <td>209,827 </td></tr></tbody></table> From May 2013 to December 2016, approximately 32,640 same-sex marriages were performed in France.<a href="#cite_note-113">[96]</a> By 23 April 2018, five years after the French Parliament had approved the same-sex marriage law, approximately 40,000 same-sex couples had married in the country. This represented about 3.5% of all marriages performed during that time.<a href="#cite_note-114">[97]</a> The departments with the highest share of same-sex marriages were <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (9.7%), <a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)">Calvados</a> (5.6%), <a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a> (5.4%), <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a> (5.1%), <a href="/wiki/Orne" title="Orne">Orne</a> (4.8%), <a href="/wiki/Alpes-de-Haute-Provence" title="Alpes-de-Haute-Provence">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a> (4.6%), <a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a> (4.5%) and <a href="/wiki/Lot_(department)" title="Lot (department)">Lot</a> (4.4%) whereas the departments with the lowest shares were <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a> (0.3%), <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> (0.6%), <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> (0.6%), <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> (1%), <a href="/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a> (1.1%), <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> (1.2%), <a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(department)" title="Ariège (department)">Ariège</a> (1.5%) and <a href="/wiki/Corse-du-Sud" title="Corse-du-Sud">Corse-du-Sud</a> (1.6%).<a href="#cite_note-115">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overseas_departments_and_territories">Overseas departments and territories</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Overseas departments and territories">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:France,_same-sex_marriages_by_departments.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/France%2C_same-sex_marriages_by_departments.png/250px-France%2C_same-sex_marriages_by_departments.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/France%2C_same-sex_marriages_by_departments.png/375px-France%2C_same-sex_marriages_by_departments.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/France%2C_same-sex_marriages_by_departments.png/500px-France%2C_same-sex_marriages_by_departments.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2649" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the percentage of same-sex marriages in France by department, 2014–2018. The overseas departments recorded far lower percentages than metropolitan France.</figcaption></figure> A lesbian couple, Rosemonde Zébo and Myriam Jourdan, became the first same-sex couple to marry in <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> in June 2013. The couple were married in <a href="/wiki/Le_Carbet" title="Le Carbet">Le Carbet</a> in a ceremony alongside family, friends and well-wishers.<a href="#cite_note-116">[99]</a> The first same-sex wedding in <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a> occurred in July 2013 in <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Anne,_Guadeloupe" title="Sainte-Anne, Guadeloupe">Saint-Anne</a> between Eric Dandler and Serge Willame.<a href="#cite_note-117">[100]</a> The first same-sex marriage in <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> took place in August 2013 in the city of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni" title="Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni">Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni</a>,<a href="#cite_note-118">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[102]</a> and by April 2018 12 same-sex couples had married in the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[103]</a> In <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>, the first same-sex marriage was performed for a lesbian couple, Laurence Serveaux and Corinne Denis, in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Paul, Réunion">Saint-Paul</a> in June 2013.<a href="#cite_note-121">[104]</a> By July 2015, 93 same-sex couples had married on the island.<a href="#cite_note-122">[105]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>, the first same-sex wedding was performed in September 2013 for a French-Cuban couple in <a href="/wiki/Mamoudzou" title="Mamoudzou">Mamoudzou</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[106]</a> The marriage was performed by Mayor <a href="/wiki/Abdourahamane_Soilihi" title="Abdourahamane Soilihi">Abdourahamane Soilihi</a>, a vocal opponent of same-sex marriage. This marked the first time in modern history that a legally recognized same-sex marriage had occurred in a jurisdiction where a majority of the population follows the religion of <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mayotte" title="Islam in Mayotte">Islam</a>. The first marriage between a male Maorais couple was performed in March 2015. In 2022, a couple from the town of <a href="/wiki/Kani-K%C3%A9li" title="Kani-Kéli">Kani-Kéli</a> were denied the right to marry on multiple occasions. The couple were initially scheduled to get married on 12 February after months of planning, but the mayor later postponed the ceremony to 14 February, before postponing it again onto several successive dates. They accused the mayor of being "scared" of performing the marriage in the face of public opposition.<a href="#cite_note-124">[107]</a> Media reported that the couple had successfully married by May 2023.<a href="#cite_note-mayotte-125">[108]</a> Between 2013 and May 2023, 560 same-sex marriages were performed in Mamoudzou.<a href="#cite_note-mayotte-125">[108]</a> The first same-sex marriage in <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a> took place in <a href="/wiki/Haapiti" title="Haapiti">Haapiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mo%CA%BBorea" title="Moʻorea">Moʻorea</a> in July 2013.<a href="#cite_note-126">[109]</a> The couple who had wished for a quiet ceremony were harassed by a group of opponents of same-sex marriage. By February 2014, 11 same-sex marriages had occurred in <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>, representing 1.7% of all marriages, with 9 of these being performed in the <a href="/wiki/South_Province,_New_Caledonia" title="South Province, New Caledonia">South Province</a> and the remaining 2 in the <a href="/wiki/North_Province,_New_Caledonia" title="North Province, New Caledonia">North Province</a>. The first same-sex marriage in the North Province was performed in <a href="/wiki/Poindimi%C3%A9" title="Poindimié">Poindimié</a> in September 2013.<a href="#cite_note-127">[110]</a> The same-sex marriage law does not apply to individuals governed under <a href="/wiki/Kanak_people" title="Kanak people">Kanak</a> customary law, which recognises Kanak customs for contracts, land, family and persons. If a Kanak same-sex couple wishes to marry, they would need to renounce their customary law status and ask to be governed under French civil law.<a href="#cite_note-128">[111]</a> The first couple to marry in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a> did so in August 2013 in <a href="/wiki/Gustavia,_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Gustavia, Saint Barthélemy">Gustavia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[112]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a>, the first same-sex marriage was performed in October 2013 and officiated by politician <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Arnell" title="Guillaume Arnell">Guillaume Arnell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[113]</a> The couple had rocks thrown at them and received <a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">homophobic</a> insults as they left city hall. The first same-sex marriage in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a> occurred in March 2014.<a href="#cite_note-131">[114]</a> Overall, relatively few same-sex marriages have been performed in the <a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">overseas departments and territories</a> compared to metropolitan France. According to a 2018 report, eight same-sex marriages had been performed in Saint Barthélemy, five in French Polynesia, four in Saint Martin, two in Saint Pierre and Miquelon and one in <a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a> since legalization.<a href="#cite_note-132">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_performance">Religious performance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Religious performance">edit</a>]</div> In May 2015, the <a href="/wiki/United_Protestant_Church_of_France" title="United Protestant Church of France">United Protestant Church of France</a> voted to allow its pastors to <a href="/wiki/Blessing_of_same-sex_unions_in_Christian_churches" title="Blessing of same-sex unions in Christian churches">bless</a> same-sex marriages. The measure, which was passed by 94 votes to 3, also includes a freedom of conscience clause allowing pastors with objections to opt out.<a href="#cite_note-133">[116]</a> A marriage between two lesbian pastors was celebrated in a Protestant church in <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> in July 2021.<a href="#cite_note-134">[117]</a> The assembly of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Protestant_Churches_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine">Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine</a> voted in November 2019 by 36 votes to 13 to allow its pastors to bless same-sex marriages. The measure also includes a freedom of conscience clause for pastors opposed to blessing same-sex relationships.<a href="#cite_note-135">[118]</a> Other religious denominations also perform and bless same-sex marriages, including <a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Mission_in_France" title="Old Catholic Mission in France">Old Catholic churches</a>,<a href="#cite_note-136">[119]</a> <a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Breton Druid</a> groups (Ordre Druidique de Dahut),<a href="#cite_note-137">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[121]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_France" title="Buddhism in France">Buddhist</a> groups. The first Buddhist same-sex marriage in France occurred in 1995 near <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> between Fabrice Midal and Bruno Tyszler.<a href="#cite_note-139">[122]</a> On 18 February 2012, <a href="/wiki/Ludovic-Mohamed_Zahed" title="Ludovic-Mohamed Zahed">Ludovic-Mohamed Zahed</a> married his South African partner Qiyaammudeen Jantjies-Zahed in a religious ceremony in <a href="/wiki/Sevran" title="Sevran">Sevran</a>, marking the first <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_France" title="Islam in France">Muslim</a> same-sex wedding in France. The marriage was officiated by an imam, but proved controversial in Muslim circles.<a href="#cite_note-140">[123]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_France" title="Catholic Church in France">Catholic Church</a> opposes same-sex marriage and does not allow its priests to officiate at such marriages. In December 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> published <a href="/wiki/Fiducia_supplicans" title="Fiducia supplicans">Fiducia supplicans</a>, a declaration allowing <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Catholic priests</a> to <a href="/wiki/Blessing_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Blessing in the Catholic Church">bless</a> couples who are not considered to be <a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">married according to church teaching</a>, including the blessing of same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-141">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Bayonne,_Lescar_and_Oloron" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Bayonne, Lescar and Oloron">Bishop of Bayonne, Lescar and Oloron</a> <a href="/wiki/Marc_Aillet" title="Marc Aillet">Marc Aillet</a> reacted to the declaration, "I invite them [priests], if the people ask for it, to give them [same-sex couples] a blessing, provided it's to each person individually, calling them to conversion and inviting them to ask for the help of the grace that the Lord grants to all those who ask him to conform their lives to God's will." Bishops of the Ecclesiastical Province of Rennes said, "It is appropriate to spontaneously bless, individually, each of the two persons forming a couple, whatever their sexual orientation, who humbly ask God's blessing, with the desire to conform more and more to his holy will."<a href="#cite_note-142">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_opinion">Public opinion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Public opinion">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marriage_equality_demonstration_Paris_2013_01_27_34.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Marriage_equality_demonstration_Paris_2013_01_27_34.jpg/220px-Marriage_equality_demonstration_Paris_2013_01_27_34.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Marriage_equality_demonstration_Paris_2013_01_27_34.jpg/330px-Marriage_equality_demonstration_Paris_2013_01_27_34.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Marriage_equality_demonstration_Paris_2013_01_27_34.jpg/440px-Marriage_equality_demonstration_Paris_2013_01_27_34.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2225" data-file-height="2225" /></a><figcaption>Protest sign at a demonstration in favour of same-sex marriage in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, 27 January 2013</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manifestation_mariage_pour_tous,_Toulouse_11.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Manifestation_mariage_pour_tous%2C_Toulouse_11.JPG/220px-Manifestation_mariage_pour_tous%2C_Toulouse_11.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Manifestation_mariage_pour_tous%2C_Toulouse_11.JPG/330px-Manifestation_mariage_pour_tous%2C_Toulouse_11.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Manifestation_mariage_pour_tous%2C_Toulouse_11.JPG/440px-Manifestation_mariage_pour_tous%2C_Toulouse_11.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Sign calling for equal rights for all couples in <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a>, 16 December 2012</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Youths%27_Views_on_Same-sex_Marriage_(2016).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Youths%27_Views_on_Same-sex_Marriage_%282016%29.png/220px-Youths%27_Views_on_Same-sex_Marriage_%282016%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Youths%27_Views_on_Same-sex_Marriage_%282016%29.png/330px-Youths%27_Views_on_Same-sex_Marriage_%282016%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Youths%27_Views_on_Same-sex_Marriage_%282016%29.png/440px-Youths%27_Views_on_Same-sex_Marriage_%282016%29.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Support for same-sex marriage among 18–21-year-olds according to a 2016 survey from the <a href="/wiki/Varkey_Foundation" title="Varkey Foundation">Varkey Foundation</a></figcaption></figure> Opinion polls show that the <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French public</a> supports the legalization of same-sex marriage, with that support gradually increasing over time: <ul><li>A 1996 <a href="/wiki/Institut_fran%C3%A7ais_d%27opinion_publique" title="Institut français d'opinion publique">Ifop</a> poll found that 48% of respondents supported same-sex marriage, with 33% opposed.<a href="#cite_note-ifop-143">[126]</a></li> <li>A 2003 <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a> poll found that 58% of respondents supported same-sex marriage.<a href="#cite_note-144">[127]</a></li> <li>A May 2004 <a href="/wiki/Ipsos" title="Ipsos">Ipsos</a> poll found that 57% of respondents supported same-sex marriage, with 38% opposed. Younger people were particularly in favour, with 75% of those under 35 in support. Nevertheless, only 40% were in favour of same-sex adoption rights, though 56% of those younger than 35 were in support.<a href="#cite_note-145">[128]</a></li> <li>A 2004 Ifop poll showed that 64% of respondents were in support of same-sex marriage, with 49% supporting adoption rights.<a href="#cite_note-ifop-143">[126]</a></li> <li>A 2006 <a href="/wiki/Eurobarometer" title="Eurobarometer">Eurobarometer</a> survey found that 48% of respondents supported same-sex marriage being allowed "throughout Europe". This was 4% above the EU average. Support for adoption rights was at 35%, 3% above the EU average.<a href="#cite_note-146">[129]</a></li> <li>A 2006 Ipsos poll found that 61% of respondents favoured the recognition of civil marriage for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-emarrakech-147">[130]</a></li> <li>A June 2006 <a href="/wiki/Kantar_TNS" title="Kantar TNS">Taylor Nelson Sofres</a> poll found that 45% of respondents supported same-sex marriage, with 51% opposed. 36% supported adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-emarrakech-147">[130]</a></li> <li>A June 2008 Ifop poll put support for same-sex marriage in France at 62%, with 38% in opposition. 51% supported adoption rights. Support for same-sex marriage was very high among younger people, with 77% of those aged between 25 and 34 in favour.<a href="#cite_note-ifop-08-148">[131]</a></li> <li>A November 2009 BVA Group poll showed that 64% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage, including for the first time a majority of right-wing voters. 57% supported adoption rights (support was 68% among those between 18 and 25 years old).<a href="#cite_note-149">[132]</a></li> <li>A July 2010 poll from Crédoc (Centre de recherche pour l'étude et l'observation des conditions de vie) showed that 61% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage, and 48% supported adoption rights.<a href="#cite_note-150">[133]</a></li> <li>A January 2011 Taylor Nelson Sofres poll found that 58% of respondents supported same-sex marriage, with 35% opposed. Support was 74% among those under the age of 35. 49% supported adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-151">[134]</a></li> <li>A June 2011 Ifop poll found that 63% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage, and 58% supported adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-152">[135]</a></li> <li>A December 2011 BVA Group poll found that 63% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage, and 56% supported adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-153">[136]</a></li> <li>An August 2012 Ifop poll found that 65% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage, and 53% supported adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-154">[137]</a></li> <li>An October 2012 Ifop poll found that 61% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage, and 48% supported adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-155">[138]</a></li> <li>An October 2012 BVA Group poll found that 58% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage, and 50% supported adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-156">[139]</a></li> <li>A December 2012 CSA Institute poll found that 54% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage, and 48% supported adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-157">[140]</a></li> <li>A December 2012 Ifop poll found that 60% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage, and 46% supported adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-158">[141]</a></li> <li>A December 2012–January 2013 <a href="/wiki/YouGov" title="YouGov">YouGov</a> poll found that 47% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage, and 38% supported adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-159">[142]</a></li> <li>A January 2013 Ifop poll found that 60% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage, and 46% supported adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-160">[143]</a></li> <li>A January 2013 OpinionWay poll found that 57% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage, and 45% supported adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-161">[144]</a></li> <li>A January 2013 Ifop poll found that 63% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage, and 49% supported adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-162">[145]</a></li> <li>A February 2013 Ifop poll found that 66% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage, and 47% supported adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-163">[146]</a></li> <li>An April 2013 BVA Group poll found that 58% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage, and 47% supported adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-164">[147]</a></li> <li>An April 2013 Ifop/Atlantico poll found that 51% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage and adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-165">[148]</a></li> <li>An April 2013 Ifop poll found that 53% of respondents were in favour of the new law allowing same-sex marriage and adoption rights.<a href="#cite_note-166">[149]</a></li> <li>A May 2013 Ipsos poll found that 51% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage and another 29% supported other forms of recognition for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-167">[150]</a></li> <li>A May 2013 Ifop poll found that 52% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage and adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-168">[151]</a></li> <li>A May 2013 Ifop/Atlantico poll found that 53% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage and adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-169">[152]</a></li> <li>A February 2014 BVA Group poll found that 61% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage and 50% were in favour of adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-170">[153]</a></li> <li>An April 2014 BVA Group poll found that 55% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage and 48% were in favour of adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-171">[154]</a></li> <li>A September 2014 <a href="/wiki/CNews" title="CNews">iTélé</a> poll showed that 73% of respondents including 56% of those who support the Union for a Popular Movement would oppose the repeal of same-sex marriage.<a href="#cite_note-172">[155]</a></li> <li>A September–October 2014 Ifop poll showed that 57% of respondents were against repealing the law allowing same-sex couples to marry and adopt children.<a href="#cite_note-173">[156]</a></li> <li>A November 2014 Ifop/Atlantico poll found that 68% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage and 53% supported adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-174">[157]</a></li> <li>A May–June 2015 Eurobarometer survey found that 71% of French people thought same-sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, while 24% were opposed.<a href="#cite_note-175">[158]</a></li> <li>A June 2015 BVA Group poll found that 67% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage, 64% were against revising the 2013 law and 57% were in favour of adoption rights for same-sex couples.<a href="#cite_note-176">[159]</a></li> <li>An August 2016 Ifop poll for the Association of Homosexual Families (ADFH) found that 65% of respondents opposed repealing the 2013 same-sex marriage law.<a href="#cite_note-177">[160]</a></li> <li>A September–October 2016 survey by the <a href="/wiki/Varkey_Foundation" title="Varkey Foundation">Varkey Foundation</a> found that 74% of 18–21-year-olds supported same-sex marriage in France.<a href="#cite_note-178">[161]</a></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> poll, conducted between April and August 2017 and published in May 2018, showed that 73% of French people supported same-sex marriage, 23% were opposed and 4% did not know or had refused to answer.<a href="#cite_note-179">[162]</a> When divided by religion, 85% of religiously unaffiliated people, 78% of non-practicing Christians and 59% of church-attending Christians supported same-sex marriage.<a href="#cite_note-180">[163]</a> Opposition to same-sex marriage was 17% among 18–34-year-olds.<a href="#cite_note-181">[164]</a></li> <li>The 2019 Eurobarometer found that 79% of French people thought same-sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, while 15% were opposed.<a href="#cite_note-182">[165]</a> The EU average was 69%.</li> <li>A Pew Research Center poll conducted between February and May 2023 showed that 82% of French people supported same-sex marriage, 14% were opposed and 4% did not know or had refused to answer. When divided by political affiliation, support was highest among those at the center of the political spectrum at 86%, followed by those on the left at 85% and those on the right at 77%. Women (86%) were also more likely to support same-sex marriage than men (79%).<a href="#cite_note-pew-17">[3]</a></li> <li>The 2023 Eurobarometer showed that support was 79%, while 14% were opposed. The survey also found that 84% of French people thought that "there is nothing wrong in a sexual relationship between two persons of the same sex", while 12% disagreed.<a href="#cite_note-euro-18">[4]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_solidarity_pact" title="Civil solidarity pact">Civil solidarity pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in France">LGBT rights in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Manif_pour_tous" title="La Manif pour tous">La Manif pour tous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Europe" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe">Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> In some <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_France" title="Languages of France">regional languages of France</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>: pacte civil de solidaritat, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">[ˈpatte siˈβil, -vil ðe suliðaɾiˈtat]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsatian_dialect" title="Alsatian dialect">Alsatian</a>: Eha-n-anliga Lawesgmainschàft,<a href="#cite_note-25">[11]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Alemannic_German" title="Help:IPA/Alemannic German">[ˈeːanˌaːnliɡ̊a ˈlaːʋesˌɡ̊mai̯nʃɑft]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a>: emglev keodedel a gengred,<a href="#cite_note-26">[12]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Breton" title="Help:IPA/Breton">[ˈemɡlɛw kewˈdeːdɛl a ˈgɛngret]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsican_language" title="Corsican language">Corsican</a>: pattu civile di sulidarità,<a href="#cite_note-27">[13]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Corsican" title="Help:IPA/Corsican">[ˈpattu tʃiˈvile di sulidariˈta]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>: pacte civil de solidaritat,<a href="#cite_note-28">[14]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">[ˈpaktə siˈβil ðə suliðəɾiˈtat]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahitian_language" title="Tahitian language">Tahitian</a>: faʼaauraʼa autaeaʼeraʼa,<a href="#cite_note-29">[15]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[faʔaˈau̯raʔa au̯tˌae̯.aˈʔeraʔa]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>: elkartasun itun zibila,<a href="#cite_note-30">[16]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Basque" title="Help:IPA/Basque">[elkartas̺un itun s̻iβiʎa]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Franco-Provençal">Franco-Provençal</a>: pakte sivilo dè solidaritâ</li></ul> </div> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_National_Assembly_of_France" title="List of presidents of the National Assembly of France">President of the National Assembly</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Le mariage est contracté par deux personnes de sexe différent ou de même sexe. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFErlanger2013" class="citation news cs1">Erlanger, Steven (18 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151003011651/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/19/world/europe/hollande-signs-french-gay-marriage-law.html">"Hollande Signs French Gay Marriage Law"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/19/world/europe/hollande-signs-french-gay-marriage-law.html">the original</a> on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hollande+Signs+French+Gay+Marriage+Law&rft.date=2013-05-18&rft.aulast=Erlanger&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F05%2F19%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fhollande-signs-french-gay-marriage-law.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Law-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Law_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Law_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Law_16-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115130840/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000027414540&dateTexte=&categorieLien=id">"LOI n° 2013-404 du 17 mai 2013 ouvrant le mariage aux couples de personnes de même sexe"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gifrance" title="Légifrance">Légifrance</a>. 18 May 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000027414540&dateTexte=&categorieLien=id">the original</a> on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=LOI+n%C2%B0+2013-404+du+17+mai+2013+ouvrant+le+mariage+aux+couples+de+personnes+de+m%C3%AAme+sexe&rft.date=2013-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2FaffichTexte.do%3FcidTexte%3DJORFTEXT000027414540%26dateTexte%3D%26categorieLien%3Did&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pew-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pew_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pew_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/06/13/how-people-in-24-countries-view-same-sex-marriage/">"How people in 24 countries view same-sex marriage"</a>. Pew Research Center. 13 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=How+people+in+24+countries+view+same-sex+marriage&rft.date=2023-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fshort-reads%2F2023%2F06%2F13%2Fhow-people-in-24-countries-view-same-sex-marriage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-euro-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-euro_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-euro_18-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2972">"Eurobarometer 2023: Discrimination in the European Union"</a>. europa.eu. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=europa.eu&rft.atitle=Eurobarometer+2023%3A+Discrimination+in+the+European+Union&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuropa.eu%2Feurobarometer%2Fsurveys%2Fdetail%2F2972&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115130840/http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/france-gay-marriage-faces-constitution-threat-activists-upbeat250413">"France gay marriage faces constitution threat but activists upbeat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gay_Star_News" title="Gay Star News">Gay Star News</a>. 25 April 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/france-gay-marriage-faces-constitution-threat-activists-upbeat250413">the original</a> on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gay+Star+News&rft.atitle=France+gay+marriage+faces+constitution+threat+but+activists+upbeat&rft.date=2013-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaystarnews.com%2Farticle%2Ffrance-gay-marriage-faces-constitution-threat-activists-upbeat250413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/04/23/world/europe/france-same-sex-vote">"French lawmakers approve same-sex marriage bill"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN_International" title="CNN International">CNN International</a>. 24 April 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2013/04/23/world/europe/france-same-sex-vote">the original</a> on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN+International&rft.atitle=French+lawmakers+approve+same-sex+marriage+bill&rft.date=2013-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2013%2F04%2F23%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffrance-same-sex-vote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Con-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Con_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Con_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/english/case-law/decision/decision-no-2013-669-dc-of-17-may-2013.137411.html">"Decision no. 2013-669 DC of 17 MAY 2013 – Law providing for same-sex marriage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Council_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Council of France">Constitutional Council of France</a>. 17 May 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/english/case-law/decision/decision-no-2013-669-dc-of-17-may-2013.137411.html">the original</a> on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decision+no.+2013-669+DC+of+17+MAY+2013+%E2%80%93+Law+providing+for+same-sex+marriage&rft.pub=Constitutional+Council+of+France&rft.date=2013-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conseil-constitutionnel.fr%2Fconseil-constitutionnel%2Fenglish%2Fcase-law%2Fdecision%2Fdecision-no-2013-669-dc-of-17-may-2013.137411.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160219183413/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-gaymarriage-idUSBRE94G0JH20130517">"French gay marriage law gets constitutional all-clear"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 17 May 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-gaymarriage-idUSBRE94G0JH20130517">the original</a> on 19 February 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=French+gay+marriage+law+gets+constitutional+all-clear&rft.date=2013-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-france-gaymarriage-idUSBRE94G0JH20130517&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117152359/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22579093">"France gay marriage: Hollande signs bill into law]"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 18 May 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22579093">the original</a> on 17 January 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=France+gay+marriage%3A+Hollande+signs+bill+into+law%5D&rft.date=2013-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-22579093&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn.com-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnn.com_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnn.com_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVandoorneSmith-Spark2013" class="citation news cs1">Vandoorne, Saskya; Smith-Spark, Laura (29 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115130840/http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/29/world/europe/france-same-sex-wedding/index.html">"After months of protests, French couple ties knot in first same-sex wedding"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/29/world/europe/france-same-sex-wedding/index.html">the original</a> on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=After+months+of+protests%2C+French+couple+ties+knot+in+first+same-sex+wedding&rft.date=2013-05-29&rft.aulast=Vandoorne&rft.aufirst=Saskya&rft.au=Smith-Spark%2C+Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2013%2F05%2F29%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffrance-same-sex-wedding%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elsassisch.eu/culture.alsace.pagesperso-orange.archive/page_pf.htm">"S'elsassischa wärterbüach"</a>. Retrieved 30 July 2022. <q>Pacs.- (le) d'Eha-n-anliga Lawesgmainschàft.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S%27elsassischa+w%C3%A4rterb%C3%BCach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsassisch.eu%2Fculture.alsace.pagesperso-orange.archive%2Fpage_pf.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-carhaix.bzh/degemer_karaez/an_ti_ker_ha_chwi/difraeou_melestradurel/etat_civil/se_marier_signer_un_pacte_civil_de_solidarite_pacs">"Marilh ar boblañs / dimeziñ, sinañ un emglev keodedel a gengred (EKAG)"</a>. ville-carhaix.br (in Breton). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181230030027/http://www.ville-carhaix.bzh/degemer_karaez/an_ti_ker_ha_chwi/difraeou_melestradurel/etat_civil/se_marier_signer_un_pacte_civil_de_solidarite_pacs">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ville-carhaix.br&rft.atitle=Marilh+ar+bobla%C3%B1s+%2F+dimezi%C3%B1%2C+sina%C3%B1+un+emglev+keodedel+a+gengred+%28EKAG%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ville-carhaix.bzh%2Fdegemer_karaez%2Fan_ti_ker_ha_chwi%2Fdifraeou_melestradurel%2Fetat_civil%2Fse_marier_signer_un_pacte_civil_de_solidarite_pacs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.porto-vecchio.fr/co/demarches-et-services/">"Matrimoniu è pattu civili di sulidarità"</a>. Ville de Porto-Vecchio (in Corsican). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626133033/https://www.porto-vecchio.fr/co/demarches-et-services/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 24 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ville+de+Porto-Vecchio&rft.atitle=Matrimoniu+%C3%A8+pattu+civili+di+sulidarit%C3%A0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.porto-vecchio.fr%2Fco%2Fdemarches-et-services%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mairie-perpignan.fr/ca/tramits/etat-civil/pacte-civil-solidaritat-pacs">"Pacte civil de solidaritat (PACS)"</a>. Mairie de Perpignan (in Catalan). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926215843/https://www.mairie-perpignan.fr/ca/tramits/etat-civil/pacte-civil-solidaritat-pacs">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 24 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mairie+de+Perpignan&rft.atitle=Pacte+civil+de+solidaritat+%28PACS%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mairie-perpignan.fr%2Fca%2Ftramits%2Fetat-civil%2Fpacte-civil-solidaritat-pacs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cps.pf/files/rst-tah-2015-v8.pdf">"Te 'Āfata Autaea'era'a"</a> (PDF). cps.pf (in Tahitian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161022084400/http://www.cps.pf/files/rst-tah-2015-v8.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cps.pf&rft.atitle=Te+%27%C4%80fata+Autaea%27era%27a&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cps.pf%2Ffiles%2Frst-tah-2015-v8.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerhokoirigoin2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Berhokoirigoin, Jenofa (24 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.berria.eus/paperekoa/1725/002/001/2013-04-24/gay-eta-lesbianei-ezkontzeko-aukera-onartu-die-frantziako-parlamentuak.htm">"Gay eta lesbianei ezkontzeko aukera onartu die Frantziako Parlamentuak"</a>. Berria (in Basque). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220623082934/https://www.berria.eus/paperekoa/1725/002/001/2013-04-24/gay-eta-lesbianei-ezkontzeko-aukera-onartu-die-frantziako-parlamentuak.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Berria&rft.atitle=Gay+eta+lesbianei+ezkontzeko+aukera+onartu+die+Frantziako+Parlamentuak&rft.date=2013-04-24&rft.aulast=Berhokoirigoin&rft.aufirst=Jenofa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berria.eus%2Fpaperekoa%2F1725%2F002%2F001%2F2013-04-24%2Fgay-eta-lesbianei-ezkontzeko-aukera-onartu-die-frantziako-parlamentuak.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3779313.stm">"First gay marriage held in France"</a>. BBC News. 5 June 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3779313.stm">the original</a> on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=First+gay+marriage+held+in+France&rft.date=2004-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F3779313.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3810887.stm">"France suspends gay wedding mayor"</a>. BBC News. 16 June 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3810887.stm">the original</a> on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=France+suspends+gay+wedding+mayor&rft.date=2004-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F3810887.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3929207.stm">"France annuls first gay wedding"</a>. BBC News. 27 July 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3929207.stm">the original</a> on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=France+annuls+first+gay+wedding&rft.date=2004-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F3929207.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetru_Clej2007" class="citation news cs1">Petru Clej (14 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6449321.stm">"French gay marriage fight goes on"</a>. BBC News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6449321.stm">the original</a> on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=French+gay+marriage+fight+goes+on&rft.date=2007-03-14&rft.au=Petru+Clej&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F6449321.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-163436">"Affaire Chapin et Charpentier c France"</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> (in French). 9 June 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160609160105/http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-163436">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Court+of+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=Affaire+Chapin+et+Charpentier+c+France&rft.date=2016-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhudoc.echr.coe.int%2Feng%3Fi%3D001-163436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160609154801/http://www.lexpress.fr/actualites/1/societe/l-annulation-du-1er-mariage-gay-de-begles-etait-legale-cedh_1800586.html">"L'annulation du 1er mariage gay de Bègles était légale (CEDH)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/L%27Express" title="L'Express">L'Express</a> (in French). 9 June 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexpress.fr/actualites/1/societe/l-annulation-du-1er-mariage-gay-de-begles-etait-legale-cedh_1800586.html">the original</a> on 9 June 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Express&rft.atitle=L%27annulation+du+1er+mariage+gay+de+B%C3%A8gles+%C3%A9tait+l%C3%A9gale+%28CEDH%29&rft.date=2016-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexpress.fr%2Factualites%2F1%2Fsociete%2Fl-annulation-du-1er-mariage-gay-de-begles-etait-legale-cedh_1800586.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160609154924/http://www.sudouest.fr/2016/06/09/mariage-gay-a-begles-la-cour-europeenne-des-droits-de-l-homme-confirme-son-annulation-2394193-2760.php">"Mariage gay à Bègles : la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme confirme son annulation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sud-Ouest_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sud-Ouest (newspaper)">Sud Ouest</a> (in French). 9 June 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudouest.fr/2016/06/09/mariage-gay-a-begles-la-cour-europeenne-des-droits-de-l-homme-confirme-son-annulation-2394193-2760.php">the original</a> on 9 June 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sud+Ouest&rft.atitle=Mariage+gay+%C3%A0+B%C3%A8gles+%3A+la+Cour+europ%C3%A9enne+des+droits+de+l%27homme+confirme+son+annulation&rft.date=2016-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sudouest.fr%2F2016%2F06%2F09%2Fmariage-gay-a-begles-la-cour-europeenne-des-droits-de-l-homme-confirme-son-annulation-2394193-2760.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-39"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlatiau2006" class="citation news cs1">Platiau, Charles (19 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060622032009/http://news.scotsman.com/latest.cfm?id=899662006">"France's Royal says supports gay marriage, adoption"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Scotsman" title="The Scotsman">The Scotsman</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.scotsman.com/latest.cfm?id=899662006">the original</a> on 22 June 2006. Retrieved 9 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=France%27s+Royal+says+supports+gay+marriage%2C+adoption&rft.date=2006-01-19&rft.aulast=Platiau&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.scotsman.com%2Flatest.cfm%3Fid%3D899662006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151211051025/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/12/rap-info/i2832.asp">"Rapport au nom de la mission d'information sur la famille et les droits des enfants"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/French_National_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="French National Assembly">French National Assembly</a>. 25 January 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/12/rap-info/i2832.asp">the original</a> on 11 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rapport+au+nom+de+la+mission+d%27information+sur+la+famille+et+les+droits+des+enfants&rft.pub=French+National+Assembly&rft.date=2006-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assemblee-nationale.fr%2F12%2Frap-info%2Fi2832.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060821004753/http://www.preservemarriage.ca/eng/links.htm">"Preserve Marriage – Links"</a>. preservemarriage.ca. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.preservemarriage.ca/eng/links.htm">the original</a> on 21 August 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Preserve+Marriage+%E2%80%93+Links&rft.pub=preservemarriage.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.preservemarriage.ca%2Feng%2Flinks.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080109103018/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/01/27/ap/world/mainD8FD93I86.shtml">"Amour Rules in France but Weddings Don't"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 27 January 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/01/27/ap/world/mainD8FD93I86.shtml">the original</a> on 9 January 2008. Retrieved 9 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Amour+Rules+in+France+but+Weddings+Don%27t&rft.date=2006-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fstories%2F2006%2F01%2F27%2Fap%2Fworld%2FmainD8FD93I86.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204110215/http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/francais/les-decisions/acces-par-date/decisions-depuis-1959/2011/2010-92-qpc/decision-n-2010-92-qpc-du-28-janvier-2011.52612.html">"Décision n° 2010-92 QPC du 28 janvier 2011"</a> (in French). Constitutional Council of France. 28 January 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/francais/les-decisions/acces-par-date/decisions-depuis-1959/2011/2010-92-qpc/decision-n-2010-92-qpc-du-28-janvier-2011.52612.html">the original</a> on 4 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D%C3%A9cision+n%C2%B0+2010-92+QPC+du+28+janvier+2011&rft.pub=Constitutional+Council+of+France&rft.date=2011-01-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conseil-constitutionnel.fr%2Fconseil-constitutionnel%2Ffrancais%2Fles-decisions%2Facces-par-date%2Fdecisions-depuis-1959%2F2011%2F2010-92-qpc%2Fdecision-n-2010-92-qpc-du-28-janvier-2011.52612.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115130840/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2011-06/15/content_12701855.htm">"French parliament rejects gay marriage bill"</a>. <a href="/wiki/China_Daily" title="China Daily">China Daily</a>. 14 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2011-06/15/content_12701855.htm">the original</a> on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=French+parliament+rejects+gay+marriage+bill&rft.date=2011-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fworld%2F2011-06%2F15%2Fcontent_12701855.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115121421/http://www.france24.com/en/20110614-french-parliament-rejects-gay-marriage-bill-homosexuality">"French parliament rejects same-sex marriage bill"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. 14 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.france24.com/en/20110614-french-parliament-rejects-gay-marriage-bill-homosexuality">the original</a> on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=French+parliament+rejects+same-sex+marriage+bill&rft.date=2011-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20110614-french-parliament-rejects-gay-marriage-bill-homosexuality&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://www.english.rfi.fr/europe/20111112-gay-couple-communist-mayor-defy-french-law-same-sex-marriage">"Gay couple, Communist mayor defy French law with same-sex marriage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_France_Internationale" title="Radio France Internationale">RFI</a>. 12 November 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english.rfi.fr/europe/20111112-gay-couple-communist-mayor-defy-french-law-same-sex-marriage">the original</a> on 7 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gay+couple%2C+Communist+mayor+defy+French+law+with+same-sex+marriage&rft.pub=RFI&rft.date=2011-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.english.rfi.fr%2Feurope%2F20111112-gay-couple-communist-mayor-defy-french-law-same-sex-marriage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PinkNews14Nov11-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PinkNews14Nov11_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PinkNews14Nov11_47-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Gray2011" class="citation web cs1">Stephen Gray (14 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160113133358/http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2011/11/14/french-mayor-performs-militant-gay-marriage-ceremony/">"French mayor performs "militant gay marriage ceremony""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pink_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Pink News">Pink News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2011/11/14/french-mayor-performs-militant-gay-marriage-ceremony">the original</a> on 13 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=French+mayor+performs+%22militant+gay+marriage+ceremony%22&rft.pub=Pink+News&rft.date=2011-11-14&rft.au=Stephen+Gray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinknews.co.uk%2F2011%2F11%2F14%2Ffrench-mayor-performs-militant-gay-marriage-ceremony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140150/http://www.queerty.com/unpopular-french-president-nicolas-sarkozy-desperately-woos-gay-rights-20120330">"Unpopular French President Nicolas Sarkozy Desperately Woos Les Gais"</a>. Queerty.com. 30 March 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.queerty.com/unpopular-french-president-nicolas-sarkozy-desperately-woos-gay-rights-20120330/">the original</a> on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unpopular+French+President+Nicolas+Sarkozy+Desperately+Woos+Les+Gais&rft.pub=Queerty.com&rft.date=2012-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.queerty.com%2Funpopular-french-president-nicolas-sarkozy-desperately-woos-gay-rights-20120330%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://www.lepoint.fr/societe/mariage-homosexuel-une-loi-avant-le-printemps-2013-16-06-2012-1474203_23.php">"Mariage homosexuel : une loi avant le printemps 2013"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Le_Point" title="Le Point">Le Point</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepoint.fr/societe/mariage-homosexuel-une-loi-avant-le-printemps-2013-16-06-2012-1474203_23.php">the original</a> on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mariage+homosexuel+%3A+une+loi+avant+le+printemps+2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fsociete%2Fmariage-homosexuel-une-loi-avant-le-printemps-2013-16-06-2012-1474203_23.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140150/http://www.ontopmag.com/article/12154/After_Socialists_Return_To_Power_France_Prepares_For_Gay_Marriage">"After Socialists Return To Power, France Prepares For Gay Marriage"</a>. ontomag.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ontopmag.com/article.aspx?id=12154&MediaType=1&Category=24">the original</a> on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=After+Socialists+Return+To+Power%2C+France+Prepares+For+Gay+Marriage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontopmag.com%2Farticle.aspx%3Fid%3D12154%26MediaType%3D1%26Category%3D24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2012/06/16/97001-20120616FILWWW00488-un-loi-sur-le-mariage-gay-d-ici-un-an.php">"Une loi sur le mariage gay d'ici un an"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a>. 16 June 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2012/06/16/97001-20120616FILWWW00488-un-loi-sur-le-mariage-gay-d-ici-un-an.php">the original</a> on 7 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Une+loi+sur+le+mariage+gay+d%27ici+un+an&rft.date=2012-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-actu%2F2012%2F06%2F16%2F97001-20120616FILWWW00488-un-loi-sur-le-mariage-gay-d-ici-un-an.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120808081325/http://www.tetu.com/actualites/france/mariage-et-adoption-pour-tous-les-couples-au-premier-semestre-2013-21843">"Mariage et adoption pour tous les couples: "au premier semestre 2013""</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAtu" title="Têtu">Têtu</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tetu.com/actualites/france/mariage-et-adoption-pour-tous-les-couples-au-premier-semestre-2013-21843">the original</a> on 8 August 2012. Retrieved 3 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mariage+et+adoption+pour+tous+les+couples%3A+%22au+premier+semestre+2013%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tetu.com%2Factualites%2Ffrance%2Fmariage-et-adoption-pour-tous-les-couples-au-premier-semestre-2013-21843&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140226122409/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gzRMnLsDDVTkGjZm6m-jBMqLlnNg">"France adopts gay marriage plan despite opposition"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gzRMnLsDDVTkGjZm6m-jBMqLlnNg">the original</a> on 26 February 2014. Retrieved 7 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France+adopts+gay+marriage+plan+despite+opposition&rft.pub=Agence+France-Presse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5gzRMnLsDDVTkGjZm6m-jBMqLlnNg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115130840/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21305150">"France's parliament approve gay marriage article"</a>. BBC News. 2 February 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21305150">the original</a> on 15 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=France%27s+parliament+approve+gay+marriage+article&rft.date=2013-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-21305150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204003440/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/france-s-parliament-passes-gay-marriage-bill-1.1365498">"France's parliament passes gay marriage bill"</a>. CBC News. Associated Press. 12 February 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/france-s-parliament-passes-gay-marriage-bill-1.1365498">the original</a> on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=France%27s+parliament+passes+gay+marriage+bill&rft.date=2013-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Ffrance-s-parliament-passes-gay-marriage-bill-1.1365498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117185003/http://www.france24.com/en/20130410-france-senate-approves-key-article-same-sex-marriage-bill">"French Senate adopts key article of gay marriage bill"</a>. France 24. 10 April 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.france24.com/en/20130410-france-senate-approves-key-article-same-sex-marriage-bill">the original</a> on 17 January 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=French+Senate+adopts+key+article+of+gay+marriage+bill&rft.date=2013-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20130410-france-senate-approves-key-article-same-sex-marriage-bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrançois_Vignal2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">François Vignal (15 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140150/http://www.publicsenat.fr/lcp/politique/mariage-tous-d-tail-vote-s-nat-366892">"Mariage pour tous : le détail du vote au Sénat"</a>. Public Senat (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicsenat.fr/lcp/politique/mariage-tous-d-tail-vote-s-nat-366892">the original</a> on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Senat&rft.atitle=Mariage+pour+tous+%3A+le+d%C3%A9tail+du+vote+au+S%C3%A9nat&rft.date=2013-04-15&rft.au=Fran%C3%A7ois+Vignal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicsenat.fr%2Flcp%2Fpolitique%2Fmariage-tous-d-tail-vote-s-nat-366892&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160219205914/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-22126437">"French senate votes to legalise gay marriage"</a>. BBc News. 12 April 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-22126437">the original</a> on 19 February 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBc+News&rft.atitle=French+senate+votes+to+legalise+gay+marriage&rft.date=2013-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-22126437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSayare2013" class="citation web cs1">Sayare, Scott (12 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130510034653/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/13/world/europe/french-senate-passes-same-sex-marriage-bill.html?_r=0">"French Senate Approves Same-Sex Marriage Bill"</a>. The New York Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/13/world/europe/french-senate-passes-same-sex-marriage-bill.html?_r=0">the original</a> on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=French+Senate+Approves+Same-Sex+Marriage+Bill&rft.date=2013-04-12&rft.aulast=Sayare&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F04%2F13%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffrench-senate-passes-same-sex-marriage-bill.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130425122758/http://www.gouvernement.fr/gouvernement/projet-de-loi-mariage-pour-tous">"Mariage pour tous : le projet de loi est définitivement adopté"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Government_of_France" title="Government of France">Government of France</a>. 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gouvernement.fr/gouvernement/projet-de-loi-mariage-pour-tous">the original</a> on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mariage+pour+tous+%3A+le+projet+de+loi+est+d%C3%A9finitivement+adopt%C3%A9&rft.pub=Government+of+France&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gouvernement.fr%2Fgouvernement%2Fprojet-de-loi-mariage-pour-tous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith-Spark2013" class="citation news cs1">Smith-Spark, Laura (24 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/04/23/world/europe/france-same-sex-vote/index.html">"French lawmakers approve same-sex marriage bill"</a>. CNN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2013/04/23/world/europe/france-same-sex-vote/index.html">the original</a> on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=French+lawmakers+approve+same-sex+marriage+bill&rft.date=2013-04-24&rft.aulast=Smith-Spark&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2013%2F04%2F23%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffrance-same-sex-vote%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/scrutins/detail/(legislature)/14/(num)/511">"Analyse du scrutin n° 511, Deuxième séance du 23/04/2013 – Scrutin public sur l'ensemble du projet de loi ouvrant le mariage aux couples de personnes de même sexe (2e lecture)"</a>. Assemblée nationale (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211017133615/https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/scrutins/detail/(legislature)/14/(num)/511">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Assembl%C3%A9e+nationale&rft.atitle=Analyse+du+scrutin+n%C2%B0+511%2C+Deuxi%C3%A8me+s%C3%A9ance+du+23%2F04%2F2013+%E2%80%93+Scrutin+public+sur+l%27ensemble+du+projet+de+loi+ouvrant+le+mariage+aux+couples+de+personnes+de+m%C3%AAme+sexe+%282e+lecture%29.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.assemblee-nationale.fr%2Fscrutins%2Fdetail%2F%28legislature%29%2F14%2F%28num%29%2F511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vl-media.fr/il-y-a-5-ans-etait-votee-la-loi-du-mariage-gay/">"Il y a cinq ans, était votée la loi Taubira, légalisant le mariage gay"</a>. 24 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180624042001/https://vl-media.fr/il-y-a-5-ans-etait-votee-la-loi-du-mariage-gay/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2018. Retrieved 27 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Il+y+a+cinq+ans%2C+%C3%A9tait+vot%C3%A9e+la+loi+Taubira%2C+l%C3%A9galisant+le+mariage+gay&rft.date=2018-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvl-media.fr%2Fil-y-a-5-ans-etait-votee-la-loi-du-mariage-gay%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150702041030/http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/francais/les-decisions/acces-par-date/decisions-depuis-1959/2013/2013-669-dc/saisine-par-60-senateurs.138535.html">"Saisine par 60 sénateurs – 2013-669 DC"</a> (in French). Constitutional Council of France. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/francais/les-decisions/acces-par-date/decisions-depuis-1959/2013/2013-669-dc/saisine-par-60-senateurs.138535.html">the original</a> on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saisine+par+60+s%C3%A9nateurs+%E2%80%93+2013-669+DC&rft.pub=Constitutional+Council+of+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conseil-constitutionnel.fr%2Fconseil-constitutionnel%2Ffrancais%2Fles-decisions%2Facces-par-date%2Fdecisions-depuis-1959%2F2013%2F2013-669-dc%2Fsaisine-par-60-senateurs.138535.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150702010037/http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/francais/les-decisions/acces-par-date/decisions-depuis-1959/2013/2013-669-dc/saisine-par-60-deputes.138536.html">"Saisine par 60 députés – 2013-669 DC"</a> (in French). Constitutional Council of France. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/francais/les-decisions/acces-par-date/decisions-depuis-1959/2013/2013-669-dc/saisine-par-60-deputes.138536.html">the original</a> on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saisine+par+60+d%C3%A9put%C3%A9s+%E2%80%93+2013-669+DC&rft.pub=Constitutional+Council+of+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conseil-constitutionnel.fr%2Fconseil-constitutionnel%2Ffrancais%2Fles-decisions%2Facces-par-date%2Fdecisions-depuis-1959%2F2013%2F2013-669-dc%2Fsaisine-par-60-deputes.138536.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeille2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Veille, Frédéric (23 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130607113656/http://www.rtl.fr/actualites/info/article/dominique-et-francis-premiers-maries-gays-de-france-7761637169">"Dominique et Francis, premiers mariés gays de France"</a>. RTL (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtl.fr/actualites/info/article/dominique-et-francis-premiers-maries-gays-de-france-7761637169">the original</a> on 7 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RTL&rft.atitle=Dominique+et+Francis%2C+premiers+mari%C3%A9s+gays+de+France&rft.date=2013-05-23&rft.aulast=Veille&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtl.fr%2Factualites%2Finfo%2Farticle%2Fdominique-et-francis-premiers-maries-gays-de-france-7761637169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/2013/06/01/elles-se-sont-dit-oui-262189.html">"Premier mariage gay en région Centre"</a>. franceinfo (in French). 1 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=franceinfo&rft.atitle=Premier+mariage+gay+en+r%C3%A9gion+Centre&rft.date=2013-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrance3-regions.francetvinfo.fr%2Fcentre-val-de-loire%2F2013%2F06%2F01%2Felles-se-sont-dit-oui-262189.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pgardienavocat.wordpress.com/2013/09/25/refus-de-mariage/">"Quelles conséquences pour l'officier d'état civil qui refuse de célébrer un mariage homosexuel ?"</a>. 25 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190503161559/https://pgardienavocat.wordpress.com/2013/09/25/refus-de-mariage/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quelles+cons%C3%A9quences+pour+l%27officier+d%27%C3%A9tat+civil+qui+refuse+de+c%C3%A9l%C3%A9brer+un+mariage+homosexuel+%3F&rft.date=2013-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpgardienavocat.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F09%2F25%2Frefus-de-mariage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/francais/les-decisions/acces-par-date/decisions-depuis-1959/2013/2013-353-qpc/decision-n-2013-353-qpc-du-18-octobre-2013.138338.html">"Décision n° 2013-353 QPC du 18 octobre 2013"</a>. Constitutional Council of France (in French). 18 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Constitutional+Council+of+France&rft.atitle=D%C3%A9cision+n%C2%B0+2013-353+QPC+du+18+octobre+2013&rft.date=2023-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conseil-constitutionnel.fr%2Fconseil-constitutionnel%2Ffrancais%2Fles-decisions%2Facces-par-date%2Fdecisions-depuis-1959%2F2013%2F2013-353-qpc%2Fdecision-n-2013-353-qpc-du-18-octobre-2013.138338.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2015/09/29/01016-20150929ARTFIG00010-marseille-l-ex-elue-ps-avait-refuse-de-marier-deux-femmes.php">"Une ex-élue marseillaise condamnée pour avoir refusé de marier deux femmes"</a>. Le Figaro (in French). 29 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Une+ex-%C3%A9lue+marseillaise+condamn%C3%A9e+pour+avoir+refus%C3%A9+de+marier+deux+femmes&rft.date=2015-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Factualite-france%2F2015%2F09%2F29%2F01016-20150929ARTFIG00010-marseille-l-ex-elue-ps-avait-refuse-de-marier-deux-femmes.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberation.fr/direct/element/liberte-de-conscience-la-requete-des-maires-opposes-au-mariage-pour-tous-jugee-irrecevable-par-la-ce_88776/">""Liberté de conscience" : la requête des maires opposés au mariage pour tous jugée irrecevable par la CEDH"</a>. Libération.fr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181112223419/https://www.liberation.fr/direct/element/liberte-de-conscience-la-requete-des-maires-opposes-au-mariage-pour-tous-jugee-irrecevable-par-la-ce_88776/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lib%C3%A9ration.fr&rft.atitle=%22Libert%C3%A9+de+conscience%22+%3A+la+requ%C3%AAte+des+maires+oppos%C3%A9s+au+mariage+pour+tous+jug%C3%A9e+irrecevable+par+la+CEDH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Fdirect%2Felement%2Fliberte-de-conscience-la-requete-des-maires-opposes-au-mariage-pour-tous-jugee-irrecevable-par-la-ce_88776%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ouest-france.fr/societe/pma-pour-toutes-un-depute-lrem-annonce-une-proposition-de-loi-5880968">"PMA pour toutes. Un député LREM annonce une proposition de loi"</a>. Ouest-France.fr. 15 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ouest-France.fr&rft.atitle=PMA+pour+toutes.+Un+d%C3%A9put%C3%A9+LREM+annonce+une+proposition+de+loi&rft.date=2018-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ouest-france.fr%2Fsociete%2Fpma-pour-toutes-un-depute-lrem-annonce-une-proposition-de-loi-5880968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlantico.fr/pepite/3453541/pma-pour-toutes--un-depute-lrem-espere-une-adoption-avant-la-fin-2018-">"PMA pour toutes : un député LREM espère une adoption "avant la fin 2018""</a>. Atlantico.fr. 15 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlantico.fr&rft.atitle=PMA+pour+toutes+%3A+un+d%C3%A9put%C3%A9+LREM+esp%C3%A8re+une+adoption+%22avant+la+fin+2018%22&rft.date=2018-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlantico.fr%2Fpepite%2F3453541%2Fpma-pour-toutes--un-depute-lrem-espere-une-adoption-avant-la-fin-2018-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrisafis2019" class="citation web cs1">Chrisafis, Angelique (12 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/12/france-to-end-ban-on-ivf-for-lesbian-couples-and-single-women">"France to end ban on IVF for lesbian couples and single women"</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=France+to+end+ban+on+IVF+for+lesbian+couples+and+single+women&rft.date=2019-06-12&rft.aulast=Chrisafis&rft.aufirst=Angelique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fjun%2F12%2Ffrance-to-end-ban-on-ivf-for-lesbian-couples-and-single-women&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/fr/20190612-fin-suspense-pma-toutes-examinee-fin-septembre">"Fin du suspense pour la PMA pour toutes, examinée fin septembre"</a>. France 24 (in French). 12 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Fin+du+suspense+pour+la+PMA+pour+toutes%2C+examin%C3%A9e+fin+septembre&rft.date=2019-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Ffr%2F20190612-fin-suspense-pma-toutes-examinee-fin-septembre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMateus2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mateus, Christine (12 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/societe/pma-pour-toutes-le-projet-de-loi-est-pret-et-sera-au-parlement-en-septembre-assure-philippe-12-06-2019-8091624.php">"La PMA pour toutes les femmes examinée au Parlement en septembre"</a>. Le Parisien (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien&rft.atitle=La+PMA+pour+toutes+les+femmes+examin%C3%A9e+au+Parlement+en+septembre&rft.date=2019-06-12&rft.aulast=Mateus&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Fsociete%2Fpma-pour-toutes-le-projet-de-loi-est-pret-et-sera-au-parlement-en-septembre-assure-philippe-12-06-2019-8091624.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNationale" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nationale, Assemblée. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/dossiers/bioethique_2">"Bioéthique"</a>. Assemblée nationale (in French). Retrieved 29 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Assembl%C3%A9e+nationale&rft.atitle=Bio%C3%A9thique&rft.aulast=Nationale&rft.aufirst=Assembl%C3%A9e&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.assemblee-nationale.fr%2Fdyn%2F15%2Fdossiers%2Fbioethique_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fr.euronews.com/2019/09/27/france-l-assemblee-nationale-vote-en-faveur-de-la-pma-pour-toutes">"France: l'Assemblée nationale vote en faveur de la PMA pour toutes"</a>. euronews (in French). 27 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=euronews&rft.atitle=France%3A+l%27Assembl%C3%A9e+nationale+vote+en+faveur+de+la+PMA+pour+toutes&rft.date=2019-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.euronews.com%2F2019%2F09%2F27%2Ffrance-l-assemblee-nationale-vote-en-faveur-de-la-pma-pour-toutes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/french-lawmakers-vote-giving-ivf-lesbians-singles-66283314">"France OKs bill legalizing IVF for lesbians, single women"</a>. ABC News. 15 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=France+OKs+bill+legalizing+IVF+for+lesbians%2C+single+women&rft.date=2019-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FHealth%2FwireStory%2Ffrench-lawmakers-vote-giving-ivf-lesbians-singles-66283314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leparisien.fr/politique/pma-pour-toutes-l-assemblee-adopte-la-loi-bioethique-en-deuxieme-lecture-01-08-2020-8361999.php">"PMA pour toutes: l'Assemblée adopte a loi bioéthique en deuxième lecture"</a>. Le Parisien (in French). 1 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien&rft.atitle=PMA+pour+toutes%3A+l%27Assembl%C3%A9e+adopte+a+loi+bio%C3%A9thique+en+deuxi%C3%A8me+lecture&rft.date=2020-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fpma-pour-toutes-l-assemblee-adopte-la-loi-bioethique-en-deuxieme-lecture-01-08-2020-8361999.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/societe/coronavirus-la-loi-sur-la-pma-pour-toutes-ne-sera-pas-adoptee-avant-cet-ete-1590125879">"Coronavirus: la loi sur la PMA pour toutes ne sera pas adoptée avant cet été"</a>. France Bleu (in French). 22 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+Bleu&rft.atitle=Coronavirus%3A+la+loi+sur+la+PMA+pour+toutes+ne+sera+pas+adopt%C3%A9e+avant+cet+%C3%A9t%C3%A9&rft.date=2020-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francebleu.fr%2Finfos%2Fsociete%2Fcoronavirus-la-loi-sur-la-pma-pour-toutes-ne-sera-pas-adoptee-avant-cet-ete-1590125879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2020/02/04/le-senat-adopte-le-projet-de-loi-bioethique-de-justesse_6028404_3224.html">"Le projet de loi de bioéthique et l'ouverture de la PMA adoptés de justesse au Sénat"</a>. Le Monde (in French). 4 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Le+projet+de+loi+de+bio%C3%A9thique+et+l%27ouverture+de+la+PMA+adopt%C3%A9s+de+justesse+au+S%C3%A9nat&rft.date=2020-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Farticle%2F2020%2F02%2F04%2Fle-senat-adopte-le-projet-de-loi-bioethique-de-justesse_6028404_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradpieceVanier2021" class="citation news cs1">Bradpiece, Sam; Vanier, Cyril (2 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2021/10/02/europe/france-fertility-lesbian-single-women-intl-cmd/index.html">"France has legalized fertility treatments for lesbian and single women. A sperm shortage may slow things down"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. Retrieved 10 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=France+has+legalized+fertility+treatments+for+lesbian+and+single+women.+A+sperm+shortage+may+slow+things+down&rft.date=2021-10-02&rft.aulast=Bradpiece&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft.au=Vanier%2C+Cyril&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2021%2F10%2F02%2Feurope%2Ffrance-fertility-lesbian-single-women-intl-cmd%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gouvernement.fr/actualite/la-pma-pour-toutes-les-femmes-est-desormais-autorisee-en-france">"La PMA pour toutes les femmes est désormais autorisée en France"</a>. Gouvernement français (in French). 30 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gouvernement+fran%C3%A7ais&rft.atitle=La+PMA+pour+toutes+les+femmes+est+d%C3%A9sormais+autoris%C3%A9e+en+France&rft.date=2021-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gouvernement.fr%2Factualite%2Fla-pma-pour-toutes-les-femmes-est-desormais-autorisee-en-france&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberation.fr/politiques/2017/04/27/serait-il-possible-d-abroger-le-mariage-pour-tous-comme-le-souhaite-marine-le-pen_1565572/">"Serait-il possible d'abroger le mariage pour tous comme le souhaite Marine Le Pen ?"</a>. Libération (in French). 27 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128232832/https://www.liberation.fr/politiques/2017/04/27/serait-il-possible-d-abroger-le-mariage-pour-tous-comme-le-souhaite-marine-le-pen_1565572/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lib%C3%A9ration&rft.atitle=Serait-il+possible+d%27abroger+le+mariage+pour+tous+comme+le+souhaite+Marine+Le+Pen+%3F&rft.date=2017-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Fpolitiques%2F2017%2F04%2F27%2Fserait-il-possible-d-abroger-le-mariage-pour-tous-comme-le-souhaite-marine-le-pen_1565572%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rtl.fr/actu/politique/mariage-pour-tous-nicolas-sarkozy-dit-avoir-eu-tort-de-vouloir-abroger-la-loi-7781712721">"Mariage pour tous : Nicolas Sarkozy dit avoir eu "tort" de vouloir abroger la loi"</a>. RTL (in French). 5 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128232831/https://www.rtl.fr/actu/politique/mariage-pour-tous-nicolas-sarkozy-dit-avoir-eu-tort-de-vouloir-abroger-la-loi-7781712721">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RTL&rft.atitle=Mariage+pour+tous+%3A+Nicolas+Sarkozy+dit+avoir+eu+%22tort%22+de+vouloir+abroger+la+loi&rft.date=2016-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtl.fr%2Factu%2Fpolitique%2Fmariage-pour-tous-nicolas-sarkozy-dit-avoir-eu-tort-de-vouloir-abroger-la-loi-7781712721&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.la-croix.com/France/Politique/Mariage-tous-ligne-Republicains-evolue-2017-09-19-1200878087">"Mariage pour tous, la ligne des Républicains évolue"</a>. La Croix (in French). 19 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128232831/https://www.la-croix.com/France/Politique/Mariage-tous-ligne-Republicains-evolue-2017-09-19-1200878087">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Croix&rft.atitle=Mariage+pour+tous%2C+la+ligne+des+R%C3%A9publicains+%C3%A9volue&rft.date=2017-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.la-croix.com%2FFrance%2FPolitique%2FMariage-tous-ligne-Republicains-evolue-2017-09-19-1200878087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rtl.fr/actu/politique/mariage-pour-tous-un-acquis-selon-jordan-bardella-sur-rtl-7797955356">"Mariage pour tous : "Un acquis", selon Jordan Bardella sur RTL"</a>. RTL (in French). 30 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190831104559/https://www.rtl.fr/actu/politique/mariage-pour-tous-un-acquis-selon-jordan-bardella-sur-rtl-7797955356">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RTL&rft.atitle=Mariage+pour+tous+%3A+%22Un+acquis%22%2C+selon+Jordan+Bardella+sur+RTL&rft.date=2019-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtl.fr%2Factu%2Fpolitique%2Fmariage-pour-tous-un-acquis-selon-jordan-bardella-sur-rtl-7797955356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.midilibre.fr/elections/presidentielle-2022-marine-le-pen-conservera-le-mariage-pour-tous-10237999.php">"Présidentielle 2022: Marine Le Pen conservera le mariage pour tous"</a>. Midi Libre (in French). 15 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220623082936/https://www.midilibre.fr/2022/04/15/presidentielle-2022-marine-le-pen-conservera-le-mariage-pour-tous-10237999.php">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Midi+Libre&rft.atitle=Pr%C3%A9sidentielle+2022%3A+Marine+Le+Pen+conservera+le+mariage+pour+tous&rft.date=2022-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.midilibre.fr%2Felections%2Fpresidentielle-2022-marine-le-pen-conservera-le-mariage-pour-tous-10237999.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160118184556/http://www.france24.com/en/20130627-france-gay-marriage-law-same-sex-equality-foreigners">"France's marriage equality law is less equal for some"</a>. france24.com. 27 June 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.france24.com/en/20130627-france-gay-marriage-law-same-sex-equality-foreigners">the original</a> on 18 January 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France%27s+marriage+equality+law+is+less+equal+for+some&rft.pub=france24.com&rft.date=2013-06-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20130627-france-gay-marriage-law-same-sex-equality-foreigners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKovacs2015" class="citation web cs1">Kovacs, Stéphane (28 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2015/01/28/01016-20150128ARTFIG00004-mariage-gay-franco-marocain-la-decision-de-la-cour-de-cassation-attendue.php">"La Cour de cassation valide un mariage gay franco-marocain"</a>. Le Figaro. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2015/01/28/01016-20150128ARTFIG00004-mariage-gay-franco-marocain-la-decision-de-la-cour-de-cassation-attendue.php">the original</a> on 7 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Cour+de+cassation+valide+un+mariage+gay+franco-marocain&rft.pub=Le+Figaro&rft.date=2015-01-28&rft.aulast=Kovacs&rft.aufirst=St%C3%A9phane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Factualite-france%2F2015%2F01%2F28%2F01016-20150128ARTFIG00004-mariage-gay-franco-marocain-la-decision-de-la-cour-de-cassation-attendue.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrisafis2009" class="citation web cs1">Chrisafis, Angelique (26 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/mar/26/mayote-referendum-polygamy-islam">"Welcome to France: home of sun, sea, sand, polygamy and the Indian Ocean"</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+France%3A+home+of+sun%2C+sea%2C+sand%2C+polygamy+and+the+Indian+Ocean&rft.date=2009-03-26&rft.aulast=Chrisafis&rft.aufirst=Angelique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2009%2Fmar%2F26%2Fmayote-referendum-polygamy-islam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTestard_de_Marans2004" class="citation book cs1">Testard de Marans, Alfred (2004). Chapitre sixième. Mœurs et coutumes In: Souvenirs des Îles Marquises, 1887-1888: Étude sur le groupe Sud-Est de l'archipel. Société des Océanistes.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chapitre+sixi%C3%A8me.+M%C5%93urs+et+coutumes+In%3A+Souvenirs+des+%C3%8Eles+Marquises%2C+1887-1888%3A+%C3%89tude+sur+le+groupe+Sud-Est+de+l%27archipel&rft.pub=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+Oc%C3%A9anistes&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Testard+de+Marans&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPereira2014" class="citation web cs1">Pereira, Marco (8 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://got2globe.com/en/Editorial/mahu-third-sex-tahiti-french-polynesia/">"The Third Sex of Tahiti"</a>. Got2Globe. Retrieved 13 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Got2Globe&rft.atitle=The+Third+Sex+of+Tahiti&rft.date=2014-02-08&rft.aulast=Pereira&rft.aufirst=Marco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgot2globe.com%2Fen%2FEditorial%2Fmahu-third-sex-tahiti-french-polynesia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStip2015" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Stip, Emmanuel (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F1034918ar">"Les RaeRae et Mahu : troisième sexe polynésien"</a>. Santé mentale au Quebéc (in French). 40 (3): 193–208. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F1034918ar">10.7202/1034918ar</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sant%C3%A9+mentale+au+Queb%C3%A9c&rft.atitle=Les+RaeRae+et+Mahu+%3A+troisi%C3%A8me+sexe+polyn%C3%A9sien&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=193-208&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7202%2F1034918ar&rft.aulast=Stip&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.7202%252F1034918ar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkins2013" class="citation web cs1">Perkins, Robert (October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924021528/http://www.gendercentre.org.au/resources/polare-archive/archived-articles/like-a-lady-in-polynesia.htm">"Like a Lady in Polynesia: The Māhū of Tahiti, the Fa'a Fafine in Samoa, the Fakaleiti in Tonga and More"</a>. Petersham, NSW, Australia: The Gender Centre. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gendercentre.org.au/resources/polare-archive/archived-articles/like-a-lady-in-polynesia.htm">the original</a> on 24 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Like+a+Lady+in+Polynesia%3A+The+M%C4%81h%C5%AB+of+Tahiti%2C+the+Fa%27a+Fafine+in+Samoa%2C+the+Fakaleiti+in+Tonga+and+More&rft.place=Petersham%2C+NSW%2C+Australia&rft.pub=The+Gender+Centre&rft.date=2013-10&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gendercentre.org.au%2Fresources%2Fpolare-archive%2Farchived-articles%2Flike-a-lady-in-polynesia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauer2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bauer, François (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JBLaAAAAMAAJ">Raerae de Tahiti: rencontre du troisième type</a> (in French). Haere Po. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-904171-49-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-904171-49-9"><bdi>978-2-904171-49-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Raerae+de+Tahiti%3A+rencontre+du+troisi%C3%A8me+type&rft.pub=Haere+Po&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-2-904171-49-9&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJBLaAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-monde-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-monde_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-monde_100-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/asie-pacifique/article/2005/03/24/les-hommes-douceur-de-tahiti_630956_3216.html">"Les "hommes douceur" de tahiti"</a>. Le Monde. 24 March 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Les+%22hommes+douceur%22+de+tahiti&rft.date=2005-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fasie-pacifique%2Farticle%2F2005%2F03%2F24%2Fles-hommes-douceur-de-tahiti_630956_3216.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarmouch2019" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marmouch, Maroua (20 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistas.uneb.br/index.php/rbpab/article/view/5977">"Récits biographiques de transgenres wallisiennes et kanak en Nouvelle-Calédonie"</a>. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa (Auto)biográfica (in French). 4 (11): 521–538. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.31892%2Frbpab2525-426X.2019.v4.n11.p521-538">10.31892/rbpab2525-426X.2019.v4.n11.p521-538</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2525-426X">2525-426X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Brasileira+de+Pesquisa+%28Auto%29biogr%C3%A1fica&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9cits+biographiques+de+transgenres+wallisiennes+et+kanak+en+Nouvelle-Cal%C3%A9donie&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=521-538&rft.date=2019-06-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.31892%2Frbpab2525-426X.2019.v4.n11.p521-538&rft.issn=2525-426X&rft.aulast=Marmouch&rft.aufirst=Maroua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frevistas.uneb.br%2Findex.php%2Frbpab%2Farticle%2Fview%2F5977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebooks.education.pf/wp-content/ebooks/outils/lexique-svt-marquisien.pdf">"Lexique pour les Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre"</a> (PDF). Direction générale de l’éducation et des enseignements. Retrieved 4 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Direction+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+de+l%E2%80%99%C3%A9ducation+et+des+enseignements&rft.atitle=Lexique+pour+les+Sciences+de+la+Vie+et+de+la+Terre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebooks.education.pf%2Fwp-content%2Febooks%2Foutils%2Flexique-svt-marquisien.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalworth2015" class="citation thesis cs1">Walworth, Mary (2015). The Language of Rapa Iti: Description of a Language in Change (Ph.D. thesis). University of Hawaii at Manoa. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10125%2F51029">10125/51029</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Language+of+Rapa+Iti%3A+Description+of+a+Language+in+Change&rft.degree=Ph.D.&rft.inst=University+of+Hawaii+at+Manoa&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10125%2F51029&rft.aulast=Walworth&rft.aufirst=Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-TreMang-t1-front-d2.html">"A Dictionary of Mangareva"</a>. New Zealand Electronic Text Collection. Retrieved 30 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Electronic+Text+Collection&rft.atitle=A+Dictionary+of+Mangareva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzetc.victoria.ac.nz%2Ftm%2Fscholarly%2Ftei-TreMang-t1-front-d2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStimsonMarshall2013" class="citation book cs1">Stimson, J.F.; Marshall, Donald Stanley (1 December 2013). A Dictionary of Some Tuamotuan Dialects of the Polynesian Language. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9401763431" title="Special:BookSources/978-9401763431"><bdi>978-9401763431</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Some+Tuamotuan+Dialects+of+the+Polynesian+Language&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2013-12-01&rft.isbn=978-9401763431&rft.aulast=Stimson&rft.aufirst=J.F.&rft.au=Marshall%2C+Donald+Stanley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/opendata/RINFANR5L15B1090.html">"Rapport d'information fait Au Nom de la Délégation aux Outre-Mer sur la litte contre les discriminations anti LGBT dans les Outer-mer"</a>. Assemblée Nationale (in French). 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Assembl%C3%A9e+Nationale&rft.atitle=Rapport+d%27information+fait+Au+Nom+de+la+D%C3%A9l%C3%A9gation+aux+Outre-Mer+sur+la+litte+contre+les+discriminations+anti+LGBT+dans+les+Outer-mer&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.assemblee-nationale.fr%2Fdyn%2Fopendata%2FRINFANR5L15B1090.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160217062458/http://www.france24.com/en/20140114-7000-france-gay-marriage-hollande-insee-constitution">"France sees 7,000 gay marriages last year"</a>. France 24. 14 January 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.france24.com/en/20140114-7000-france-gay-marriage-hollande-insee-constitution/">the original</a> on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=France+sees+7%2C000+gay+marriages+last+year&rft.date=2014-01-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20140114-7000-france-gay-marriage-hollande-insee-constitution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBordenet,_Camille2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bordenet, Camille (23 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2015/04/23/mariage-pour-tous-deux-ans-apres-un-bilan-en-chiffres_4621629_4355770.html">"Mariage pour tous : deux ans après, un bilan en chiffres"</a>. Le Monde.fr (in French). <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160925125650/http://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2015/04/23/mariage-pour-tous-deux-ans-apres-un-bilan-en-chiffres_4621629_4355770.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde.fr&rft.atitle=Mariage+pour+tous+%3A+deux+ans+apr%C3%A8s%2C+un+bilan+en+chiffres&rft.date=2015-04-23&rft.au=Bordenet%2C+Camille&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fles-decodeurs%2Farticle%2F2015%2F04%2F23%2Fmariage-pour-tous-deux-ans-apres-un-bilan-en-chiffres_4621629_4355770.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeclair,_Agnès2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Leclair, Agnès (13 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2015/01/13/01016-20150113ARTFIG00143-10000-mariages-gays-en-2014.php">"10.000 mariages gays en France en 2014"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160813143611/http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2015/01/13/01016-20150113ARTFIG00143-10000-mariages-gays-en-2014.php">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=10.000+mariages+gays+en+France+en+2014&rft.pub=Le+Figaro&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft.au=Leclair%2C+Agn%C3%A8s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Factualite-france%2F2015%2F01%2F13%2F01016-20150113ARTFIG00143-10000-mariages-gays-en-2014.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.france24.com/en/20150103-france-paris-gay-marriage-13-percent-law">"13% of all marriages in Paris last year were gay"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. 3 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160607174338/http://www.france24.com/en/20150103-france-paris-gay-marriage-13-percent-law">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=13%25+of+all+marriages+in+Paris+last+year+were+gay&rft.pub=France+24&rft.date=2015-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20150103-france-paris-gay-marriage-13-percent-law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2381498#tableau-figure1">"Mariage et pacs, Données annuelles de 1990 à 2023"</a>. INSEE (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180919081222/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2381498#tableau-figure1">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=INSEE&rft.atitle=Mariage+et+pacs%2C+Donn%C3%A9es+annuelles+de+1990+%C3%A0+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F2381498%23tableau-figure1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2554860">"Bilan démographique 2016 - Insee Première - 1630"</a>. www.insee.fr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803151003/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2554860">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.insee.fr&rft.atitle=Bilan+d%C3%A9mographique+2016+-+Insee+Premi%C3%A8re+-+1630&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F2554860&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linfo.re/france/societe/718524-mariage-pour-tous-les-chiffres-cles-4-ans-apres-sa-promulgation">"Mariage pour tous: les chiffres clés 4 ans après sa promulgation"</a>. Linfo.re. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181029111848/http://www.linfo.re/france/societe/718524-mariage-pour-tous-les-chiffres-cles-4-ans-apres-sa-promulgation">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Linfo.re&rft.atitle=Mariage+pour+tous%3A+les+chiffres+cl%C3%A9s+4+ans+apr%C3%A8s+sa+promulgation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linfo.re%2Ffrance%2Fsociete%2F718524-mariage-pour-tous-les-chiffres-cles-4-ans-apres-sa-promulgation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20180423-france-five-year-anniversary-law-same-sex-marriage-adoption">"France marks five-year anniversary of same-sex marriage"</a>. France 24. 23 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181113082754/https://www.france24.com/en/20180423-france-five-year-anniversary-law-same-sex-marriage-adoption">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=France+marks+five-year+anniversary+of+same-sex+marriage&rft.date=2018-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20180423-france-five-year-anniversary-law-same-sex-marriage-adoption&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2018/04/23/en-cinq-ans-40-000-couples-homosexuels-se-sont-maries_5289210_4355770.html">"En cinq ans, 40 000 couples homosexuels se sont mariés"</a>. Le Monde.fr. 23 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191004060746/https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2018/04/23/en-cinq-ans-40-000-couples-homosexuels-se-sont-maries_5289210_4355770.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2018 – via Le Monde.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde.fr&rft.atitle=En+cinq+ans%2C+40+000+couples+homosexuels+se+sont+mari%C3%A9s&rft.date=2018-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fles-decodeurs%2Farticle%2F2018%2F04%2F23%2Fen-cinq-ans-40-000-couples-homosexuels-se-sont-maries_5289210_4355770.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rewmi.com/martinique-premier-mariage-homosexuel-celebre-deux-femmes-se-sont-dit-oui_a79551.html">"Martinique / Premier Mariage Homosexuel Célébré: Deux Femmes se Sont dit Out!"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220050137/http://www.rewmi.com/martinique-premier-mariage-homosexuel-celebre-deux-femmes-se-sont-dit-oui_a79551.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Martinique+%2F+Premier+Mariage+Homosexuel+C%C3%A9l%C3%A9br%C3%A9%3A+Deux+Femmes+se+Sont+dit+Out%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rewmi.com%2Fmartinique-premier-mariage-homosexuel-celebre-deux-femmes-se-sont-dit-oui_a79551.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guadeloupe.franceantilles.fr/regions/grande-terre-sud-et-est/le-premier-mariage-gay-celebre-a-sainte-anne-226029.php">"Le premier mariage gay célébré à Sainte-Anne - Grande-Terre Sud et Est - Saint-François, Saint-Anne - toute l'actualité de votre région en Guadeloupe - FranceAntilles.fr"</a>. France-Antilles Guadeloupe. 18 July 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709071937/https://www.guadeloupe.franceantilles.fr/regions/grande-terre-sud-et-est/le-premier-mariage-gay-celebre-a-sainte-anne-226029.php">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France-Antilles+Guadeloupe&rft.atitle=Le+premier+mariage+gay+c%C3%A9l%C3%A9br%C3%A9+%C3%A0+Sainte-Anne+-+Grande-Terre+Sud+et+Est+-+Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois%2C+Saint-Anne+-+toute+l%27actualit%C3%A9+de+votre+r%C3%A9gion+en+Guadeloupe+-+FranceAntilles.fr&rft.date=2013-07-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guadeloupe.franceantilles.fr%2Fregions%2Fgrande-terre-sud-et-est%2Fle-premier-mariage-gay-celebre-a-sainte-anne-226029.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.franceguyane.fr/regions/guyane/un-mariage-presque-normal-171040.php">"Un mariage presque normal - Journal France-Guyane - toute l'actualité de votre région en Guyane - FranceGuyane.fr"</a>. France-Guyane. 29 August 0319. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190506113101/https://www.franceguyane.fr/regions/guyane/un-mariage-presque-normal-171040.php">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France-Guyane&rft.atitle=Un+mariage+presque+normal+-+Journal+France-Guyane+-+toute+l%27actualit%C3%A9+de+votre+r%C3%A9gion+en+Guyane+-+FranceGuyane.fr&rft.date=319&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.franceguyane.fr%2Fregions%2Fguyane%2Fun-mariage-presque-normal-171040.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.franceguyane.fr/actualite/politique/cinq-mariages-homosexuels-celebres-241111.php">"Cinq mariages homosexuels célébrés - Toute l'actualité de la Guyane sur Internet - FranceGuyane.fr"</a>. France-Guyane. 4 May 0319. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190507022710/https://www.franceguyane.fr/actualite/politique/cinq-mariages-homosexuels-celebres-241111.php">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France-Guyane&rft.atitle=Cinq+mariages+homosexuels+c%C3%A9l%C3%A9br%C3%A9s+-+Toute+l%27actualit%C3%A9+de+la+Guyane+sur+Internet+-+FranceGuyane.fr&rft.date=319&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.franceguyane.fr%2Factualite%2Fpolitique%2Fcinq-mariages-homosexuels-celebres-241111.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/guyane/mariage-tous-apres-5-ans-bilan-582125.html">"Mariage pour tous, après 5 ans le bilan"</a>. Guyane la 1ère. 23 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180905175746/https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/guyane/mariage-tous-apres-5-ans-bilan-582125.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guyane+la+1%C3%A8re&rft.atitle=Mariage+pour+tous%2C+apr%C3%A8s+5+ans+le+bilan&rft.date=2018-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fla1ere.francetvinfo.fr%2Fguyane%2Fmariage-tous-apres-5-ans-bilan-582125.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipreunion.com/evenements/reportage/2013/06/14/le-premier-mariage-gay-celebre-a-la-reunion-laurence-et-corinne-se-sont-dit-oui,20718.html">"Le premier mariage gay célébré à La Réunion : Laurence et Corinne se sont dit oui"</a>. Imaz Press Réunion : l'actualité de la Réunion en photos. 14 June 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190504042413/http://www.ipreunion.com/evenements/reportage/2013/06/14/le-premier-mariage-gay-celebre-a-la-reunion-laurence-et-corinne-se-sont-dit-oui,20718.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imaz+Press+R%C3%A9union+%3A+l%27actualit%C3%A9+de+la+R%C3%A9union+en+photos&rft.atitle=Le+premier+mariage+gay+c%C3%A9l%C3%A9br%C3%A9+%C3%A0+La+R%C3%A9union+%3A+Laurence+et+Corinne+se+sont+dit+oui&rft.date=2013-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipreunion.com%2Fevenements%2Freportage%2F2013%2F06%2F14%2Fle-premier-mariage-gay-celebre-a-la-reunion-laurence-et-corinne-se-sont-dit-oui%2C20718.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipreunion.com/photo-du-jour/reportage/2015/07/06/mariage-pour-tous-a-la-reunion-92-mariages-homosexuels-celebres-depuis-2013,31499.html">"Mariage pour tous à la Réunion : 93 mariages homosexuels célébrés depuis 2013"</a>. Imaz Press Réunion : l'actualité de la Réunion en photos. 6 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190503193540/http://www.ipreunion.com/photo-du-jour/reportage/2015/07/06/mariage-pour-tous-a-la-reunion-92-mariages-homosexuels-celebres-depuis-2013,31499.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imaz+Press+R%C3%A9union+%3A+l%27actualit%C3%A9+de+la+R%C3%A9union+en+photos&rft.atitle=Mariage+pour+tous+%C3%A0+la+R%C3%A9union+%3A+93+mariages+homosexuels+c%C3%A9l%C3%A9br%C3%A9s+depuis+2013&rft.date=2015-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipreunion.com%2Fphoto-du-jour%2Freportage%2F2015%2F07%2F06%2Fmariage-pour-tous-a-la-reunion-92-mariages-homosexuels-celebres-depuis-2013%2C31499.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfmtv.com/societe/mayotte-premier-mariage-gay-celebre-departement-a-90pour-cent-musulman-612320.html">"Mayotte: premier mariage gay célébré"</a>. BFMTV. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190506034946/https://www.bfmtv.com/societe/mayotte-premier-mariage-gay-celebre-departement-a-90pour-cent-musulman-612320.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BFMTV&rft.atitle=Mayotte%3A+premier+mariage+gay+c%C3%A9l%C3%A9br%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfmtv.com%2Fsociete%2Fmayotte-premier-mariage-gay-celebre-departement-a-90pour-cent-musulman-612320.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mayottehebdo.com/actualite/societe/mariage-pas-pour-tous/">"Un mariage pas encore pour tous"</a>. Mayotte Hebdo (in French). 4 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220324142539/https://www.mayottehebdo.com/actualite/societe/mariage-pas-pour-tous/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mayotte+Hebdo&rft.atitle=Un+mariage+pas+encore+pour+tous&rft.date=2022-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayottehebdo.com%2Factualite%2Fsociete%2Fmariage-pas-pour-tous%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mayotte-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mayotte_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mayotte_125-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/la-journee-mondiale-contre-l-homophobie-1396882.html">"La journée mondiale contre l'homophobie"</a>. franceinfo (in French). 18 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=franceinfo&rft.atitle=La+journ%C3%A9e+mondiale+contre+l%27homophobie&rft.date=2023-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fla1ere.francetvinfo.fr%2Fmayotte%2Fla-journee-mondiale-contre-l-homophobie-1396882.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.egaliteetreconciliation.fr/Polynesie-francaise-le-premier-mariage-gay-derange-19019.html">"Polynésie française : le premier mariage gay dérange"</a>. Egalité & Réconciliation.fr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709065532/https://www.egaliteetreconciliation.fr/Polynesie-francaise-le-premier-mariage-gay-derange-19019.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Egalit%C3%A9+%26+R%C3%A9conciliation.fr&rft.atitle=Polyn%C3%A9sie+fran%C3%A7aise+%3A+le+premier+mariage+gay+d%C3%A9range&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.egaliteetreconciliation.fr%2FPolynesie-francaise-le-premier-mariage-gay-derange-19019.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citegay.fr/258865-nouvelle-caledonie-le-mariage-gay-fait-son-nid-fc/">"Nouvelle-Calédonie: le mariage gay fait son nid"</a>. 11 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180825212822/http://www.citegay.fr/actualites/258865@nouvelle-caledonie-le-mariage-gay-fait-son-nid.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nouvelle-Cal%C3%A9donie%3A+le+mariage+gay+fait+son+nid&rft.date=2014-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citegay.fr%2F258865-nouvelle-caledonie-le-mariage-gay-fait-son-nid-fc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/nouvellecaledonie/2013/05/24/mariage-pour-tous-le-statut-civil-coutumier-kanak-n-autorise-pas-le-mariage-homosexuel-36866.html">"Mariage pour tous: le statut civil coutumier kanak n'autorise pas le mariage homosexuel"</a>. La Première (in French). 24 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220623082933/https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/nouvellecaledonie/2013/05/24/mariage-pour-tous-le-statut-civil-coutumier-kanak-n-autorise-pas-le-mariage-homosexuel-36866.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Premi%C3%A8re&rft.atitle=Mariage+pour+tous%3A+le+statut+civil+coutumier+kanak+n%27autorise+pas+le+mariage+homosexuel&rft.date=2013-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fla1ere.francetvinfo.fr%2Fnouvellecaledonie%2F2013%2F05%2F24%2Fmariage-pour-tous-le-statut-civil-coutumier-kanak-n-autorise-pas-le-mariage-homosexuel-36866.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journaldesaintbarth.com/actualites/vie-quotidienne/le-mariage-pour-tous-aurait-dissipe-les-prejuges-sur-lhomosexualite-aux-etats-unis-201905161321.html">"Le mariage pour tous aurait dissipé les préjugés sur l'homosexualité aux Etats-Unis"</a>. Journal de Saint-Barth (in French). 16 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211105055957/https://www.journaldesaintbarth.com/actualites/vie-quotidienne/le-mariage-pour-tous-aurait-dissipe-les-prejuges-sur-lhomosexualite-aux-etats-unis-201905161321.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Journal+de+Saint-Barth&rft.atitle=Le+mariage+pour+tous+aurait+dissip%C3%A9+les+pr%C3%A9jug%C3%A9s+sur+l%27homosexualit%C3%A9+aux+Etats-Unis&rft.date=2019-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journaldesaintbarth.com%2Factualites%2Fvie-quotidienne%2Fle-mariage-pour-tous-aurait-dissipe-les-prejuges-sur-lhomosexualite-aux-etats-unis-201905161321.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sxminfo.fr/66696/13/10/2013/saint-martin-un-premier-mariage-gay-pour-la-presque-friendly-island/">"Saint-Martin. Un premier mariage gay pour la presque Friendly Island"</a>. 14 October 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211210142115/https://www.sxminfo.fr/66696/13/10/2013/saint-martin-un-premier-mariage-gay-pour-la-presque-friendly-island/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint-Martin.+Un+premier+mariage+gay+pour+la+presque+Friendly+Island&rft.date=2013-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sxminfo.fr%2F66696%2F13%2F10%2F2013%2Fsaint-martin-un-premier-mariage-gay-pour-la-presque-friendly-island%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mairie-stpierre.fr/files/file/echopdf/1361%20ECHO%20_Web.pdf">"Premier mariage pour tous célébré à la Mairie de Saint-Pierre"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170911174334/http://www.mairie-stpierre.fr/files/file/echopdf/1361%20ECHO%20_Web.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Premier+mariage+pour+tous+c%C3%A9l%C3%A9br%C3%A9+%C3%A0+la+Mairie+de+Saint-Pierre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mairie-stpierre.fr%2Ffiles%2Ffile%2Fechopdf%2F1361%2520ECHO%2520_Web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNationale" class="citation web cs1">Nationale, Assemblée. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/rapports/om/l15b1090_rapport-information">"Rapport d'information déposé par la délégation aux outre-mer sur la lutte contre les discriminations anti LGBT dans les outre-mer (M. Raphaël Gérard, M. Gabriel Serville et Mme Laurence Vanceunebrock)"</a>. Assemblée nationale. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200530070313/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/rapports/om/l15b1090_rapport-information">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Assembl%C3%A9e+nationale&rft.atitle=Rapport+d%27information+d%C3%A9pos%C3%A9+par+la+d%C3%A9l%C3%A9gation+aux+outre-mer+sur+la+lutte+contre+les+discriminations+anti+LGBT+dans+les+outre-mer+%28M.+Rapha%C3%ABl+G%C3%A9rard%2C+M.+Gabriel+Serville+et+Mme+Laurence+Vanceunebrock%29&rft.aulast=Nationale&rft.aufirst=Assembl%C3%A9e&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assemblee-nationale.fr%2Fdyn%2F15%2Frapports%2Fom%2Fl15b1090_rapport-information&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2015/05/17/mariage-gay-eglise-protestante-france-lgbt_n_7299906.html">"Mariage gay: L'Eglise protestante unie de France autorise la bénédiction des couples de même sexe"</a>. HuffPost (in French). 17 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818104103/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2015/05/17/mariage-gay-eglise-protestante-france-lgbt_n_7299906.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Mariage+gay%3A+L%27Eglise+protestante+unie+de+France+autorise+la+b%C3%A9n%C3%A9diction+des+couples+de+m%C3%AAme+sexe&rft.date=2015-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.fr%2F2015%2F05%2F17%2Fmariage-gay-eglise-protestante-france-lgbt_n_7299906.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/fr/france/20210726-%C3%A0-montpellier-l-%C3%A9glise-protestante-c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bre-le-premier-mariage-de-pasteures-lesbiennes">"À Montpellier, l'Église protestante célèbre le premier mariage de pasteures lesbiennes"</a>. France 24 (in French). 26 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818104102/https://www.france24.com/fr/france/20210726-%C3%A0-montpellier-l-%C3%A9glise-protestante-c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bre-le-premier-mariage-de-pasteures-lesbiennes">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=%C3%80+Montpellier%2C+l%27%C3%89glise+protestante+c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bre+le+premier+mariage+de+pasteures+lesbiennes&rft.date=2021-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Ffr%2Ffrance%2F20210726-%25C3%25A0-montpellier-l-%25C3%25A9glise-protestante-c%25C3%25A9l%25C3%25A8bre-le-premier-mariage-de-pasteures-lesbiennes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Protestantisme/Eglises-protestantes-dAlsace-Lorraine-pourront-benir-mariages-homosexuels-2019-11-17-1201060958">"Les Églises protestantes d'Alsace et de Lorraine pourront bénir les mariages homosexuels"</a>. La Croix (in French). 17 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211230223014/https://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Protestantisme/Eglises-protestantes-dAlsace-Lorraine-pourront-benir-mariages-homosexuels-2019-11-17-1201060958">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Croix&rft.atitle=Les+%C3%89glises+protestantes+d%27Alsace+et+de+Lorraine+pourront+b%C3%A9nir+les+mariages+homosexuels&rft.date=2019-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.la-croix.com%2FReligion%2FProtestantisme%2FEglises-protestantes-dAlsace-Lorraine-pourront-benir-mariages-homosexuels-2019-11-17-1201060958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mivica.org/quelle-identite">"Les vieux-catholiques : Quelle identité ?"</a>. MIVICA (in French). Retrieved 7 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MIVICA&rft.atitle=Les+vieux-catholiques+%3A+Quelle+identit%C3%A9+%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mivica.org%2Fquelle-identite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bretagne-secrete.com/mariage-druidique/">"Mariage druidique - Bénédiction de l'Amour entre deux êtres"</a>. Bretagne Secrète (in French). Retrieved 7 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bretagne+Secr%C3%A8te&rft.atitle=Mariage+druidique+-+B%C3%A9n%C3%A9diction+de+l%27Amour+entre+deux+%C3%AAtres&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bretagne-secrete.com%2Fmariage-druidique%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.letelegramme.fr/toute-l-information-de-la-bretagne/spanmariage-gay-spandes-druides-a-la-vision-panoramix-2425195.php">"Mariage gay. Des druides à la vision panoramix !"</a>. Le Télégramme (in French). 21 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+T%C3%A9l%C3%A9gramme&rft.atitle=Mariage+gay.+Des+druides+%C3%A0+la+vision+panoramix+%21&rft.date=2015-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.letelegramme.fr%2Ftoute-l-information-de-la-bretagne%2Fspanmariage-gay-spandes-druides-a-la-vision-panoramix-2425195.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVermeulen2018" class="citation journal cs1">Vermeulen, Michael (June 2018). "The Buddhist pioneers of same-sex marriage in the West: a little-known history of compassion in action". European Buddhist Magazine. 1 (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Buddhist+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Buddhist+pioneers+of+same-sex+marriage+in+the+West%3A+a+little-known+history+of+compassion+in+action&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2018-06&rft.aulast=Vermeulen&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308220044/https://www.slateafrique.com/83663/france-premier-mariage-gay-musulman">"France - Le premier mariage gay célébré par un imam"</a>. Slate Afrique (in French). 5 March 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slateafrique.com/83663/france-premier-mariage-gay-musulman">the original</a> on 8 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate+Afrique&rft.atitle=France+-+Le+premier+mariage+gay+c%C3%A9l%C3%A9br%C3%A9+par+un+imam&rft.date=2012-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slateafrique.com%2F83663%2Ffrance-premier-mariage-gay-musulman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlynn2023" class="citation web cs1">Flynn, JD (22 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/is-the-false-narrative-narrative">"Is the 'false narrative' narrative a false narrative?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Pillar" title="The Pillar">The Pillar</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231223121603/https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/is-the-false-narrative-narrative">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pillar&rft.atitle=Is+the+%27false+narrative%27+narrative+a+false+narrative%3F&rft.date=2023-12-22&rft.aulast=Flynn&rft.aufirst=JD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pillarcatholic.com%2Fp%2Fis-the-false-narrative-narrative&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoppen2023" class="citation web cs1">Coppen, Luke (19 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/fiducia-supplicans-whos-saying-what">"'Fiducia supplicans': Who's saying what?"</a>. The Pillar.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pillar&rft.atitle=%27Fiducia+supplicans%27%3A+Who%27s+saying+what%3F&rft.date=2023-12-19&rft.aulast=Coppen&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pillarcatholic.com%2Fp%2Ffiducia-supplicans-whos-saying-what&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ifop-143">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ifop_143-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ifop_143-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040826064139/http://www.ifop.com/europe/sondages/OPINIONF/droitshomo.asp">"Les Français et les droits des couples homosexuels"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_fran%C3%A7ais_d%27opinion_publique" title="Institut français d'opinion publique">Institut français d'opinion publique</a>. 10 March 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifop.com/europe/sondages/OPINIONF/droitshomo.asp">the original</a> on 26 August 2004. Retrieved 9 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+Fran%C3%A7ais+et+les+droits+des+couples+homosexuels&rft.pub=Institut+fran%C3%A7ais+d%27opinion+publique&rft.date=2004-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifop.com%2Feurope%2Fsondages%2FOPINIONF%2Fdroitshomo.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord2004" class="citation web cs1">Ford, Peter (27 May 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0527/p01s03-woeu.html">"France joins gay marriage debate"</a>. The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0527/p01s03-woeu.html">the original</a> on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France+joins+gay+marriage+debate&rft.pub=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.date=2004-05-27&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2004%2F0527%2Fp01s03-woeu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040603093711/http://www.ipsos.fr/CanalIpsos/articles/1342.asp">"Mariage homosexuel:près de six Français sur dix y sont favorables"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/IPSOS" title="IPSOS">IPSOS</a>. 19 May 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipsos.fr/CanalIpsos/articles/1342.asp">the original</a> on 3 June 2004. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mariage+homosexuel%3Apr%C3%A8s+de+six+Fran%C3%A7ais+sur+dix+y+sont+favorables&rft.pub=IPSOS&rft.date=2004-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsos.fr%2FCanalIpsos%2Farticles%2F1342.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070109151634/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb66/eb66_highlights_en.pdf">"Eurobarometer 66 – Public opinion in the European Union"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb66/eb66_highlights_en.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 January 2007. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurobarometer+66+%E2%80%93+Public+opinion+in+the+European+Union&rft.pub=European+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fpublic_opinion%2Farchives%2Feb%2Feb66%2Feb66_highlights_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-emarrakech-147">^ <a href="#cite_ref-emarrakech_147-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-emarrakech_147-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061231071736/http://www.emarrakech.info/Sondage-51-des-Francais-opposes-au-mariage-homosexuel_a8619.html">"Sondage: 51% des Français opposés au mariage homosexuel"</a> (in French). emarrakech.info. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emarrakech.info/Sondage-51-des-Francais-opposes-au-mariage-homosexuel_a8619.html">the original</a> on 31 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sondage%3A+51%25+des+Fran%C3%A7ais+oppos%C3%A9s+au+mariage+homosexuel&rft.pub=emarrakech.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emarrakech.info%2FSondage-51-des-Francais-opposes-au-mariage-homosexuel_a8619.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ifop-08-148"><a href="#cite_ref-ifop-08_148-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140150/http://www.lejdd.fr/Societe/Actualite/Couples-homosexuels-Les-Francais-sont-pour-l-adoption-90821">"Couples homosexuels: Les Français sont pour l'adoption"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Le_Journal_du_Dimanche" title="Le Journal du Dimanche">Le Journal du Dimanche</a>. 27 June 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lejdd.fr/Societe/Actualite/Couples-homosexuels-Les-Francais-sont-pour-l-adoption-90821/">the original</a> on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Couples+homosexuels%3A+Les+Fran%C3%A7ais+sont+pour+l%27adoption&rft.date=2008-06-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lejdd.fr%2FSociete%2FActualite%2FCouples-homosexuels-Les-Francais-sont-pour-l-adoption-90821%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091220221755/http://www.tetu.com/actualites/international/un-sondage-historique-la-majorite-des-francais-favorable-a-ladoption-par-des-homos-15883">"Un sondage historique: la majorité des Français favorable à l'adoption par des homos"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAtu" title="Têtu">Têtu</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tetu.com/actualites/international/un-sondage-historique-la-majorite-des-francais-favorable-a-ladoption-par-des-homos-15883">the original</a> on 20 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Un+sondage+historique%3A+la+majorit%C3%A9+des+Fran%C3%A7ais+favorable+%C3%A0+l%27adoption+par+des+homos&rft.pub=T%C3%AAtu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tetu.com%2Factualites%2Finternational%2Fun-sondage-historique-la-majorite-des-francais-favorable-a-ladoption-par-des-homos-15883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.credoc.fr/pdf/4p/231.pdf">"L'opinion défend à la fois la liberté individuelle et la cohésion sociale"</a> (PDF) (in French). Crédoc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720213755/http://www.credoc.fr/pdf/4p/231.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 20 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27opinion+d%C3%A9fend+%C3%A0+la+fois+la+libert%C3%A9+individuelle+et+la+coh%C3%A9sion+sociale&rft.pub=Cr%C3%A9doc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.credoc.fr%2Fpdf%2F4p%2F231.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721211056/http://www.tetu.com/actualites/france/une-majorite-des-francais-est-favorable-au-mariage-des-homos-18727">"Une majorité des Français est favorable au mariage des homos"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAtu" title="Têtu">Têtu</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tetu.com/actualites/france/une-majorite-des-francais-est-favorable-au-mariage-des-homos-18727">the original</a> on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Une+majorit%C3%A9+des+Fran%C3%A7ais+est+favorable+au+mariage+des+homos&rft.pub=T%C3%AAtu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tetu.com%2Factualites%2Ffrance%2Fune-majorite-des-francais-est-favorable-au-mariage-des-homos-18727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902023523/http://www.tetu.com/actualites/france/selon-la-prefecture-de-police-il-ny-a-presque-pas-eu-de-marche-des-fiertes-19694">"Selon la préfecture de police, il n'y a (presque) pas eu de Marche des fiertés"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAtu" title="Têtu">Têtu</a>. 25 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tetu.com/actualites/france/selon-la-prefecture-de-police-il-ny-a-presque-pas-eu-de-marche-des-fiertes-19694">the original</a> on 2 September 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Selon+la+pr%C3%A9fecture+de+police%2C+il+n%27y+a+%28presque%29+pas+eu+de+Marche+des+fiert%C3%A9s&rft.pub=T%C3%AAtu&rft.date=2011-06-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tetu.com%2Factualites%2Ffrance%2Fselon-la-prefecture-de-police-il-ny-a-presque-pas-eu-de-marche-des-fiertes-19694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://www.bva.fr/data/sondage/sondage_fiche/1077/fichier_bva_actue8033.pdf">"Les Français favorables à ce que les homosexuels puissent se marier et adopter"</a> (PDF) (in French). 16–17 December 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bva.fr/data/sondage/sondage_fiche/1077/fichier_bva_actue8033.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+Fran%C3%A7ais+favorables+%C3%A0+ce+que+les+homosexuels+puissent+se+marier+et+adopter&rft.date=2011-12-16%2F2011-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bva.fr%2Fdata%2Fsondage%2Fsondage_fiche%2F1077%2Ffichier_bva_actue8033.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140150/http://yagg.com/2012/08/15/selon-sondage-ifop-65-des-francais-sont-favorables-a-louverture-du-mariage-pour-les-homosexuels/">"Sondage: 65% des Français-e-s sont favorables à l'ouverture du mariage pour les homos"</a> (in French). Yagg.com. 15 August 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yagg.com/2012/08/15/selon-sondage-ifop-65-des-francais-sont-favorables-a-louverture-du-mariage-pour-les-homosexuels/">the original</a> on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sondage%3A+65%25+des+Fran%C3%A7ais-e-s+sont+favorables+%C3%A0+l%27ouverture+du+mariage+pour+les+homos&rft.pub=Yagg.com&rft.date=2012-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyagg.com%2F2012%2F08%2F15%2Fselon-sondage-ifop-65-des-francais-sont-favorables-a-louverture-du-mariage-pour-les-homosexuels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://www.ifop.fr/media/poll/2010-1-study_file.pdf">"Les Français et les droits des couples homosexuels"</a> (PDF) (in French). BVA. 9–11 October 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifop.fr/media/poll/2010-1-study_file.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+Fran%C3%A7ais+et+les+droits+des+couples+homosexuels&rft.pub=BVA&rft.date=2012-10-09%2F2012-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifop.fr%2Fmedia%2Fpoll%2F2010-1-study_file.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://www.bva.fr/data/sondage/sondage_fiche/1182/fichier_sondage_bva-le_parisien_mariage_et_adoption_homosexuelsc5137.pdf">"Les Français et le droit au mariage et à l'adoption pour les couples homosexuels"</a> (PDF) (in French). Ifop. 30–31 October 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bva.fr/data/sondage/sondage_fiche/1182/fichier_sondage_bva-le_parisien_mariage_et_adoption_homosexuelsc5137.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+Fran%C3%A7ais+et+le+droit+au+mariage+et+%C3%A0+l%27adoption+pour+les+couples+homosexuels&rft.pub=Ifop&rft.date=2012-10-30%2F2012-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bva.fr%2Fdata%2Fsondage%2Fsondage_fiche%2F1182%2Ffichier_sondage_bva-le_parisien_mariage_et_adoption_homosexuelsc5137.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140428120721/http://www.bfmtv.com/attached/article/150/">"L'Opinion en direct : " Les Français, le mariage des couples homosexuels et l'adoption""</a> (in French). 11–13 December 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfmtv.com/attached/article/150/">the original</a> on 28 April 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27Opinion+en+direct+%3A+%22+Les+Fran%C3%A7ais%2C+le+mariage+des+couples+homosexuels+et+l%27adoption%22&rft.date=2012-12-11%2F2012-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfmtv.com%2Fattached%2Farticle%2F150%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://www.ifop.com/media/poll/2080-1-study_file.pdf">"Les Français et les droits des couples homosexuels"</a> (PDF) (in French). 11–13 December 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifop.com/media/poll/2080-1-study_file.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+Fran%C3%A7ais+et+les+droits+des+couples+homosexuels&rft.date=2012-12-11%2F2012-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifop.com%2Fmedia%2Fpoll%2F2080-1-study_file.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115130719/http://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/ak4r6iaz4u/YG-Archive-results-December-EuroTrack.pdf">"YouGov / EMEA Survey Results"</a> (PDF). YouGov. 27 December 2012 – 6 January 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/ak4r6iaz4u/YG-Archive-results-December-EuroTrack.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=YouGov+%2F+EMEA+Survey+Results&rft.pub=YouGov&rft.date=2012-12-27%2F2013-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fd25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net%2Fcumulus_uploads%2Fdocument%2Fak4r6iaz4u%2FYG-Archive-results-December-EuroTrack.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://www.ifop.com/media/poll/2106-1-study_file.pdf">"Les Français et le mariage homosexuel"</a> (PDF) (in French). 3–4 January 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifop.com/media/poll/2106-1-study_file.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+Fran%C3%A7ais+et+le+mariage+homosexuel&rft.date=2013-01-03%2F2013-01-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifop.com%2Fmedia%2Fpoll%2F2106-1-study_file.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140150/http://www.opinion-way.com/pdf/opinionway_-_le_figaro-lci_-_les_francais_et_le_mariage_homosexuel_-_janvier_2013.pdf">"Les Français et le mariage, l'adoption et la PMA pour les homosexuels"</a> (PDF). OpinionWay (in French). 9–10 January 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opinion-way.com/pdf/opinionway_-_le_figaro-lci_-_les_francais_et_le_mariage_homosexuel_-_janvier_2013.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OpinionWay&rft.atitle=Les+Fran%C3%A7ais+et+le+mariage%2C+l%27adoption+et+la+PMA+pour+les+homosexuels&rft.date=2013-01-09%2F2013-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opinion-way.com%2Fpdf%2Fopinionway_-_le_figaro-lci_-_les_francais_et_le_mariage_homosexuel_-_janvier_2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://www.atlantico.fr/decryptage/63-francais-favorables-au-mariage-homosexuel-49-adoption-legere-remontee-opinion-sujet-jerome-fourquet-618315.html?page=0,0">"63% des Français favorables au mariage homosexuel, 49% à l'adoption : légère remontée de l'opinion sur le sujet"</a> (in French). Atlantico. 13 January 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlantico.fr/decryptage/63-francais-favorables-au-mariage-homosexuel-49-adoption-legere-remontee-opinion-sujet-jerome-fourquet-618315.html?page=0,0">the original</a> on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=63%25+des+Fran%C3%A7ais+favorables+au+mariage+homosexuel%2C+49%25+%C3%A0+l%27adoption+%3A+l%C3%A9g%C3%A8re+remont%C3%A9e+de+l%27opinion+sur+le+sujet&rft.pub=Atlantico&rft.date=2013-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlantico.fr%2Fdecryptage%2F63-francais-favorables-au-mariage-homosexuel-49-adoption-legere-remontee-opinion-sujet-jerome-fourquet-618315.html%3Fpage%3D0%2C0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://www.atlantico.fr/decryptage/debat-parlementaire-j10-hausse-adhesion-francais-au-mariage-homosexuel-mais-baisse-adoption-jerome-fourquet-david-valence-632470.html?page=0,0">"Débat parlementaire J+10 : hausse de l'adhésion des Français au mariage homosexuel mais baisse sur l'adoption"</a> (in French). 4–6 February 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlantico.fr/decryptage/debat-parlementaire-j10-hausse-adhesion-francais-au-mariage-homosexuel-mais-baisse-adoption-jerome-fourquet-david-valence-632470.html?page=0,0">the original</a> on 7 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D%C3%A9bat+parlementaire+J%2B10+%3A+hausse+de+l%27adh%C3%A9sion+des+Fran%C3%A7ais+au+mariage+homosexuel+mais+baisse+sur+l%27adoption&rft.date=2013-02-04%2F2013-02-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlantico.fr%2Fdecryptage%2Fdebat-parlementaire-j10-hausse-adhesion-francais-au-mariage-homosexuel-mais-baisse-adoption-jerome-fourquet-david-valence-632470.html%3Fpage%3D0%2C0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://www.bva.fr/data/sondage/sondage_fiche/1277/fichier_bva_actu-_linterview_de_jerome_cahuzac_-_mariage_et_adoption_pour_les_couples_homosexuels70416.pdf">"Mariage et adoption pour les couples homosexuels"</a> (PDF). BVA (in French). 18–19 April 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bva.fr/data/sondage/sondage_fiche/1277/fichier_bva_actu-_linterview_de_jerome_cahuzac_-_mariage_et_adoption_pour_les_couples_homosexuels70416.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BVA&rft.atitle=Mariage+et+adoption+pour+les+couples+homosexuels&rft.date=2013-04-18%2F2013-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bva.fr%2Fdata%2Fsondage%2Fsondage_fiche%2F1277%2Ffichier_bva_actu-_linterview_de_jerome_cahuzac_-_mariage_et_adoption_pour_les_couples_homosexuels70416.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://www.atlantico.fr/decryptage/79-francais-opposes-loi-mariage-homosexuel-veulent-que-mobilisation-se-poursuive-jerome-fourquet-708466.html">"79% des Français opposés à la loi sur le mariage homosexuel approuvent la poursuite de la mobilisation"</a> (in French). Antlantico. 23–25 April 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlantico.fr/decryptage/79-francais-opposes-loi-mariage-homosexuel-veulent-que-mobilisation-se-poursuive-jerome-fourquet-708466.html">the original</a> on 7 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=79%25+des+Fran%C3%A7ais+oppos%C3%A9s+%C3%A0+la+loi+sur+le+mariage+homosexuel+approuvent+la+poursuite+de+la+mobilisation&rft.pub=Antlantico&rft.date=2013-04-23%2F2013-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlantico.fr%2Fdecryptage%2F79-francais-opposes-loi-mariage-homosexuel-veulent-que-mobilisation-se-poursuive-jerome-fourquet-708466.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://www.ifop.com/media/poll/2233-1-study_file.pdf">"Les Français et les manifestations sur le mariage et l'adoption pour les couples de même sexe après le vote de la loi"</a> (PDF). Ifop (in French). 26–27 April 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifop.com/media/poll/2233-1-study_file.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ifop&rft.atitle=Les+Fran%C3%A7ais+et+les+manifestations+sur+le+mariage+et+l%27adoption+pour+les+couples+de+m%C3%AAme+sexe+apr%C3%A8s+le+vote+de+la+loi&rft.date=2013-04-26%2F2013-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifop.com%2Fmedia%2Fpoll%2F2233-1-study_file.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160123110631/http://www.ipsos-na.com/download/pr.aspx?id=12795">"Same-Sex Marriage"</a>. Ipsos. 7–21 May 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipsos-na.com/download/pr.aspx?id=12795">the original</a> on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ipsos&rft.atitle=Same-Sex+Marriage&rft.date=2013-05-07%2F2013-05-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsos-na.com%2Fdownload%2Fpr.aspx%3Fid%3D12795&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160201082402/http://www.ifop.com/media/poll/2255-1-study_file.pdf">"Enquête sur la droitisation des opinions publiques européennes"</a> (PDF). Ifop (in French). 16–29 May 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifop.com/media/poll/2255-1-study_file.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ifop&rft.atitle=Enqu%C3%AAte+sur+la+droitisation+des+opinions+publiques+europ%C3%A9ennes&rft.date=2013-05-16%2F2013-05-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifop.com%2Fmedia%2Fpoll%2F2255-1-study_file.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130623222543/http://www.atlantico.fr/decryptage/38-francais-opposes-au-mariage-homosexuel-pourraient-probablement-voter-pour-liste-se-revendiquant-manif-pour-tous-aux-prochaine-737120.html?">"38% des Français opposés au mariage homosexuel pourraient probablement voter pour une liste se revendiquant de la Manif pour tous aux prochaines municipales"</a> (in French). Atlantico. 22–24 May 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlantico.fr/decryptage/38-francais-opposes-au-mariage-homosexuel-pourraient-probablement-voter-pour-liste-se-revendiquant-manif-pour-tous-aux-prochaine-737120.html">the original</a> on 23 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=38%25+des+Fran%C3%A7ais+oppos%C3%A9s+au+mariage+homosexuel+pourraient+probablement+voter+pour+une+liste+se+revendiquant+de+la+Manif+pour+tous+aux+prochaines+municipales&rft.pub=Atlantico&rft.date=2013-05-22%2F2013-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlantico.fr%2Fdecryptage%2F38-francais-opposes-au-mariage-homosexuel-pourraient-probablement-voter-pour-liste-se-revendiquant-manif-pour-tous-aux-prochaine-737120.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://www.bva.fr/data/sondage/sondage_fiche/1456/fichier_bva_pour_le_parisien-aujourdhui_en_france_-_les_catholiques_francais_et_les_evolutions_societalesdc37e.pdf">"Les catholiques français et les évolutions de la société"</a> (PDF). BVA (in French). 23 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bva.fr/data/sondage/sondage_fiche/1456/fichier_bva_pour_le_parisien-aujourdhui_en_france_-_les_catholiques_francais_et_les_evolutions_societalesdc37e.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BVA&rft.atitle=Les+catholiques+fran%C3%A7ais+et+les+%C3%A9volutions+de+la+soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9&rft.date=2014-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bva.fr%2Fdata%2Fsondage%2Fsondage_fiche%2F1456%2Ffichier_bva_pour_le_parisien-aujourdhui_en_france_-_les_catholiques_francais_et_les_evolutions_societalesdc37e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://www.bva.fr/data/sondage/sondage_fiche/1520/fichier_bva_pour_i_tele-cqfd_-_le_mariage_et_ladoption_pour_tous_un_an_apresb2068.pdf">"Le mariage et l'adoption pour tous, un an après"</a> (PDF). BVA (in French). 26 April 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bva.fr/data/sondage/sondage_fiche/1520/fichier_bva_pour_i_tele-cqfd_-_le_mariage_et_ladoption_pour_tous_un_an_apresb2068.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BVA&rft.atitle=Le+mariage+et+l%27adoption+pour+tous%2C+un+an+apr%C3%A8s&rft.date=2014-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bva.fr%2Fdata%2Fsondage%2Fsondage_fiche%2F1520%2Ffichier_bva_pour_i_tele-cqfd_-_le_mariage_et_ladoption_pour_tous_un_an_apresb2068.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/societe/mariage-pour-tous-56-des-sympathisants-ump-opposes-a-sa-suppression-27-09-2014-4168705.php">"Mariage pour tous : 56% des sympathisants UMP opposés à sa suppression"</a>. Le Parisien (in French). 27 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140928140023/http://www.leparisien.fr/societe/mariage-pour-tous-56-des-sympathisants-ump-opposes-a-sa-suppression-27-09-2014-4168705.php">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien&rft.atitle=Mariage+pour+tous+%3A+56%25+des+sympathisants+UMP+oppos%C3%A9s+%C3%A0+sa+suppression&rft.date=2014-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Fsociete%2Fmariage-pour-tous-56-des-sympathisants-ump-opposes-a-sa-suppression-27-09-2014-4168705.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://www.ifop.com/media/poll/2784-1-study_file.pdf">"La position des Français sur les questions d'homoparentalité"</a> (PDF). Ifop (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifop.com/media/poll/2784-1-study_file.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ifop&rft.atitle=La+position+des+Fran%C3%A7ais+sur+les+questions+d%27homoparentalit%C3%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifop.com%2Fmedia%2Fpoll%2F2784-1-study_file.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222015023/http://www.atlantico.fr/decryptage/68-francais-desormais-favorables-au-mariage-pour-tous-et-53-adoption-couples-homosexuels-jerome-fourquet-1856752.html">"68% des Français désormais favorables au mariage pour tous et 53% à l'adoption par les couples homosexuels"</a>. Ifop (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlantico.fr/decryptage/68-francais-desormais-favorables-au-mariage-pour-tous-et-53-adoption-couples-homosexuels-jerome-fourquet-1856752.html">the original</a> on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ifop&rft.atitle=68%25+des+Fran%C3%A7ais+d%C3%A9sormais+favorables+au+mariage+pour+tous+et+53%25+%C3%A0+l%27adoption+par+les+couples+homosexuels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlantico.fr%2Fdecryptage%2F68-francais-desormais-favorables-au-mariage-pour-tous-et-53-adoption-couples-homosexuels-jerome-fourquet-1856752.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160122075042/http://www.equineteurope.org/IMG/pdf/ebs_437_en.pdf">"Special Eurobarometer 437"</a> (PDF). Eurobarometer. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.equineteurope.org/IMG/pdf/ebs_437_en.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 22 January 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurobarometer&rft.atitle=Special+Eurobarometer+437&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.equineteurope.org%2FIMG%2Fpdf%2Febs_437_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107140149/http://www.bva.fr/data/sondage/sondage_fiche/1724/fichier_bva_-_orange_-_i-tele_-_les_francais_et_les_droits_des_couples_homosexuelse312c.pdf">"Les Français et les droits des couples homosexuels"</a> (PDF). BVA (in French). 27 June 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bva.fr/data/sondage/sondage_fiche/1724/fichier_bva_-_orange_-_i-tele_-_les_francais_et_les_droits_des_couples_homosexuelse312c.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BVA&rft.atitle=Les+Fran%C3%A7ais+et+les+droits+des+couples+homosexuels&rft.date=2015-06-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bva.fr%2Fdata%2Fsondage%2Fsondage_fiche%2F1724%2Ffichier_bva_-_orange_-_i-tele_-_les_francais_et_les_droits_des_couples_homosexuelse312c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160916214813/https://adfh.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ADFHX201.pdf">"Les Français, l'homoparentalité et la question des droits des homosexuels dans la campagne présidentielle"</a> (PDF). Ifop (in French). 8 September 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adfh.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ADFHX201.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 16 September 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ifop&rft.atitle=Les+Fran%C3%A7ais%2C+l%27homoparentalit%C3%A9+et+la+question+des+droits+des+homosexuels+dans+la+campagne+pr%C3%A9sidentielle&rft.date=2016-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadfh.net%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F09%2FADFHX201.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroadbentGougoulisLuiPota2017" class="citation web cs1">Broadbent, Emma; Gougoulis, John; Lui, Nicole; Pota, Vikas; Simons, Jonathan (January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.varkeyfoundation.org/media/4487/global-young-people-report-single-pages-new.pdf">"What The World's Young People Think And Feel"</a> (PDF). Varkey Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190820230036/https://www.varkeyfoundation.org/media/4487/global-young-people-report-single-pages-new.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Varkey+Foundation&rft.atitle=What+The+World%27s+Young+People+Think+And+Feel&rft.date=2017-01&rft.aulast=Broadbent&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft.au=Gougoulis%2C+John&rft.au=Lui%2C+Nicole&rft.au=Pota%2C+Vikas&rft.au=Simons%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.varkeyfoundation.org%2Fmedia%2F4487%2Fglobal-young-people-report-single-pages-new.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2018/05/29/religion-and-society/">Religion and society</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180718110549/http://www.pewforum.org/2018/05/29/religion-and-society/">Archived</a> 18 July 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Pew Research Center, 29 May 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2018/05/29/being-christian-in-western-europe/">Being Christian in Western Europe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180925225152/http://www.pewforum.org/2018/05/29/being-christian-in-western-europe/">Archived</a> 25 September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Pew Research Center, 29 May 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2018/10/29/eastern-and-western-europeans-differ-on-importance-of-religion-views-of-minorities-and-key-social-issues/">Eastern and Western Europeans Differ on Importance of Religion, Views of Minorities, and Key Social Issues</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190103072336/http://www.pewforum.org/2018/10/29/eastern-and-western-europeans-differ-on-importance-of-religion-views-of-minorities-and-key-social-issues/">Archived</a> 3 January 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>, 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/ResultDoc/download/DocumentKy/87771">"Eurobarometer on Discrimination 2019: The social acceptance of LGBTI people in the EU"</a>. TNS. European Commission. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200216133347/https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/ResultDoc/download/DocumentKy/87771">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TNS&rft.atitle=Eurobarometer+on+Discrimination+2019%3A+The+social+acceptance+of+LGBTI+people+in+the+EU&rft.pages=2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fcommfrontoffice%2Fpublicopinion%2Findex.cfm%2FResultDoc%2Fdownload%2FDocumentKy%2F87771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Same-sex_marriage_in_France" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Same-sex marriage in France">Same-sex marriage in France</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130608073458/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000027414540&dateTexte=&categorieLien=id">"Loi no 2013-404 du 17 mai 2013 ouvrant le mariage aux couples de personnes de même sexe"</a>. <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gifrance" title="Légifrance">Légifrance</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000027414540&dateTexte=&categorieLien=id">the original</a> on 8 June 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%C3%A9gifrance&rft.atitle=Loi+no+2013-404+du+17+mai+2013+ouvrant+le+mariage+aux+couples+de+personnes+de+m%C3%AAme+sexe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2FaffichTexte.do%3FcidTexte%3DJORFTEXT000027414540%26dateTexte%3D%26categorieLien%3Did&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141106163913/https://www.gouvernement.fr/action/le-mariage-pour-tous">"Le mariage pour tous"</a> [Marriage for all: history of legalisation in France]. Government of France (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gouvernement.fr/action/le-mariage-pour-tous">the original</a> on 6 November 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+France&rft.atitle=Le+mariage+pour+tous&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gouvernement.fr%2Faction%2Fle-mariage-pour-tous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASame-sex+marriage+in+France" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="LGBT_in_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LGBT_in_France" title="Template:LGBT in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LGBT_in_France" title="Template talk:LGBT in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LGBT_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LGBT in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="LGBT_in_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">LGBT in France</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in France">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front_homosexuel_d%27action_r%C3%A9volutionnaire" title="Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire">Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouines_rouges" title="Gouines rouges">Gouines rouges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadie_(French_homophile_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcadie (French homophile organization)">Arcadie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_Lost_Time" title="In Search of Lost Time">In Search of Lost Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_politicians_in_France" title="List of LGBT politicians in France">Politicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in France">Rights and law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Same-sex marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_solidarity_pact" title="Civil solidarity pact">Civil solidarity pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_France" title="Intersex rights in France">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Penal_Code_of_1791" title="French Penal Code of 1791">French Penal Code of 1791</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_586" title="Bill 586">Bill 586</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_2013-404" title="Law 2013-404">Law 2013-404</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesbians_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lesbians in France (page does not exist)">Lesbians</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbiennes_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Lesbiennes en France">fr</a>] <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesbian_immigrants_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lesbian immigrants in France (page does not exist)">Lesbian immigrants</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbiennes_de_l%27immigration_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Lesbiennes de l'immigration en France">fr</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_people_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transgender people in France (page does not exist)">Transgender people</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transidentit%C3%A9_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Transidentité en France">fr</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=LGBT_culture_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LGBT culture in France (page does not exist)">Culture</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_LGBT_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Culture LGBT en France">fr</a>]</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cineffable" title="Cineffable">Cineffable</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drag_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drag in France (page does not exist)">Drag</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Drag en France">fr</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Paris">In Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gai_pied" title="Gai pied">Gai pied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illico" title="Illico">Illico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PREF_mag" title="PREF mag">PREF mag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pride_marches_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pride marches in France (page does not exist)">Pride parades</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marche_des_fiert%C3%A9s_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Marche des fiertés en France">fr</a>] <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pride_des_banlieues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pride des banlieues (page does not exist)">Banlieues</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pride_des_banlieues" class="extiw" title="fr:Pride des banlieues">fr</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Pride" title="Paris Pride">Paris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disneyland_Paris_Pride" title="Disneyland Paris Pride">Disneyland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse_Pride" title="Toulouse Pride">Toulouse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAtu" title="Têtu">Têtu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Haverim" title="Beit Haverim">Beit Haverim</a></li> <li>Central Region Lesbian & Gay Pride</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectif_intersexe_activiste" title="Collectif intersexe activiste">Collectif intersexe activiste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTI%2B_Federation" title="LGBTI+ Federation">LGBTI+ Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GayLib" title="GayLib">GayLib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexualit%C3%A9s_et_Socialisme" title="Homosexualités et Socialisme">Homosexualités et Socialisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-LGBT" title="Inter-LGBT">Inter-LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_refuge" class="mw-redirect" title="Le refuge">Le refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOS_Homophobie" title="SOS Homophobie">SOS Homophobie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_France" title="Feminism in France">Feminism in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_France" title="Human rights in France">Human rights in France</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Same-sex_marriage_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Same-sex_marriage_in_Europe" title="Template:Same-sex marriage in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Same-sex_marriage_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Same-sex marriage in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Same-sex_marriage_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Same-sex marriage in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Same-sex_marriage_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Europe">Same-sex marriage in Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Andorra" title="Same-sex marriage in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Same-sex marriage in Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Austria" title="Same-sex marriage in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Same-sex marriage in Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Same-sex marriage in Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Belgium" title="Same-sex marriage in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Same-sex marriage in Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Same-sex marriage in Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Denmark" title="Same-sex marriage in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Estonia" title="Same-sex marriage in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Finland" title="Same-sex marriage in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Germany" title="Same-sex marriage in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Greece" title="Same-sex marriage in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Iceland" title="Same-sex marriage in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Same-sex marriage in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Same-sex marriage in Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Liechtenstein" title="Same-sex marriage in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Luxembourg" title="Same-sex marriage in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Malta" title="Same-sex marriage in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Same-sex marriage in Moldova (page does not exist)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Same-sex marriage in Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Netherlands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Same-sex marriage in North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Norway" title="Same-sex marriage in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Portugal" title="Same-sex marriage in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Same-sex marriage in San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Same-sex marriage in Serbia (page does not exist)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Slovenia" title="Same-sex marriage in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Spain" title="Same-sex marriage in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Sweden" title="Same-sex marriage in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Switzerland" title="Same-sex marriage in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Same-sex marriage in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Same-sex marriage in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Same-sex marriage in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Same-sex marriage in Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_%C3%85land" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Gibraltar" title="Same-sex marriage in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Guernsey" title="Same-sex marriage in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Same-sex marriage in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Jersey" title="Same-sex marriage in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Status_of_same-sex_unions_around_the_world" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Status_of_same-sex_unions" title="Template:Status of same-sex unions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Status_of_same-sex_unions" title="Template talk:Status of same-sex unions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Status_of_same-sex_unions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Status of same-sex unions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Status_of_same-sex_unions_around_the_world" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Status of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex union">same-sex unions</a> around the world</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Africa" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Angola" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Botswana" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Egypt" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Eswatini" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Kenya" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Lesotho" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Mauritius" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Mozambique" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Namibia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Nigeria" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Seychelles" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_South_Africa" title="Same-sex marriage in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Same-sex marriage in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Zimbabwe" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Gay_Pride_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gay_Pride_Flag.svg/100px-Gay_Pride_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gay_Pride_Flag.svg/150px-Gay_Pride_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gay_Pride_Flag.svg/200px-Gay_Pride_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="316" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_Americas" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas">Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Argentina" title="Same-sex marriage in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Barbados" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Bolivia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Brazil" title="Same-sex marriage in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Canada" title="Same-sex marriage in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Chile" title="Same-sex marriage in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Colombia" title="Same-sex marriage in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Costa_Rica" title="Same-sex marriage in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Cuba" title="Same-sex marriage in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Greenland" title="Same-sex marriage in Greenland">Greenland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Ecuador" title="Same-sex marriage in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_El_Salvador" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Honduras" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Mexico" title="Same-sex marriage in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li>Netherlands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Aruba,_Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Sint_Maarten" title="Same-sex marriage in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten">Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Bonaire,_Sint_Eustatius_and_Saba" title="Same-sex marriage in Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba">Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Nicaragua" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Paraguay" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Suriname" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Bermuda" title="Same-sex marriage in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Same-sex marriage in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_tribal_nations_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in tribal nations in the United States">U.S. tribal nations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Uruguay" title="Same-sex marriage in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Venezuela" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Asia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Bhutan" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Cambodia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_China" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Hong_Kong" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_India" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Indonesia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Japan" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Myanmar" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Nepal" title="Same-sex marriage in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_Philippines" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Russia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Singapore" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_South_Korea" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Taiwan" title="Same-sex marriage in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Thailand" title="Same-sex marriage in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="Same-sex marriage in the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Vietnam" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Europe" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Albania" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Andorra" title="Same-sex marriage in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Armenia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Austria" title="Same-sex marriage in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Belgium" title="Same-sex marriage in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Bulgaria" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Croatia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Cyprus" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Denmark" title="Same-sex marriage in Denmark">Denmark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Estonia" title="Same-sex marriage in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Finland" title="Same-sex marriage in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Germany" title="Same-sex marriage in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Greece" title="Same-sex marriage in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Hungary" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Iceland" title="Same-sex marriage in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Same-sex marriage in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Italy" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Kosovo" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Latvia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Liechtenstein" title="Same-sex marriage in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Lithuania" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Luxembourg" title="Same-sex marriage in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Malta" title="Same-sex marriage in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Moldova" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Monaco" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Montenegro" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Netherlands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_North_Macedonia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Norway" title="Same-sex marriage in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Poland" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Portugal" title="Same-sex marriage in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Romania" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Russia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_San_Marino" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Serbia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Slovakia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Slovenia" title="Same-sex marriage in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Spain" title="Same-sex marriage in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Sweden" title="Same-sex marriage in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Switzerland" title="Same-sex marriage in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Ukraine" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Same-sex marriage in Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Gibraltar" title="Same-sex marriage in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Guernsey" title="Same-sex marriage in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Same-sex marriage in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Jersey" title="Same-sex marriage in Jersey">Jersey</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Oceania" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Australia" title="Same-sex marriage in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Fiji" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Micronesia" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Zealand" title="Same-sex marriage in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Palau" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_American_Samoa" title="Same-sex marriage in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Guam" title="Same-sex marriage in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Vanuatu" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antarctica</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_British_Antarctic_Territory" title="Same-sex marriage in the British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&oldid=1255438949">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&oldid=1255438949</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Same-sex_marriage_in_France" title="Category:Same-sex marriage in France">Same-sex marriage in France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2013_in_LGBTQ_history" title="Category:2013 in LGBTQ history">2013 in LGBTQ history</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Occitan_(post_1500)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Occitan (post 1500)-language text">Articles containing Occitan (post 1500)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Occitan_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Occitan IPA">Pages with Occitan IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Alemannic_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Alemannic German-language text">Articles containing Alemannic German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Alemannic_German_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Alemannic German IPA">Pages with Alemannic German IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Breton-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Breton-language text">Articles containing Breton-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Breton_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Breton IPA">Pages with Breton IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Corsican-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Corsican-language text">Articles containing Corsican-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Corsican_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Corsican IPA">Pages with Corsican IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Catalan-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Catalan-language text">Articles containing Catalan-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Catalan_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Catalan IPA">Pages with Catalan IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Tahitian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Tahitian-language text">Articles containing Tahitian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Tahitian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Tahitian IPA">Pages with Tahitian IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Basque-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Basque-language text">Articles containing Basque-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Basque_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Basque IPA">Pages with Basque IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arpitan-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arpitan-language text">Articles containing Arpitan-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Breton-language_sources_(br)" title="Category:CS1 Breton-language sources (br)">CS1 Breton-language sources (br)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Corsican-language_sources_(co)" title="Category:CS1 Corsican-language sources (co)">CS1 Corsican-language sources (co)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Catalan-language_sources_(ca)" title="Category:CS1 Catalan-language sources (ca)">CS1 Catalan-language sources (ca)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Tahitian-language_sources_(ty)" title="Category:CS1 Tahitian-language sources (ty)">CS1 Tahitian-language sources (ty)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Basque-language_sources_(eu)" title="Category:CS1 Basque-language sources (eu)">CS1 Basque-language sources (eu)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from November 2020">Use dmy dates from November 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_French_IPA" title="Category:Pages with French IPA">Pages with French IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Wallisian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Wallisian-language text">Articles containing Wallisian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Wallisian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Wallisian IPA">Pages with Wallisian IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_East_Futuna-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing East Futuna-language text">Articles containing East Futuna-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_North_Marquesan-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing North Marquesan-language text">Articles containing North Marquesan-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_North_Marquesan_IPA" title="Category:Pages with North Marquesan IPA">Pages with North Marquesan IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_South_Marquesan-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing South Marquesan-language text">Articles containing South Marquesan-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_South_Marquesan_IPA" title="Category:Pages with South Marquesan IPA">Pages with South Marquesan IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Rapa-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Rapa-language text">Articles containing Rapa-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Mangareva-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Mangareva-language text">Articles containing Mangareva-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Tuamotuan-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Tuamotuan-language text">Articles containing Tuamotuan-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Bushi-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Bushi-language text">Articles containing Bushi-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Maore_Comorian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Maore Comorian-language text">Articles containing Maore Comorian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 November 2024, at 23:39 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_France&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-2v8f2","wgBackendResponseTime":233,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.908","walltime":"2.171","ppvisitednodes":{"value":24189,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":572158,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":28368,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":17,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":667023,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1805.411 1 -total"," 47.39% 855.563 4 Template:Reflist"," 27.26% 492.074 129 Template:Cite_web"," 12.33% 222.689 1 Template:Same-sex_unions"," 12.16% 219.590 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 10.43% 188.278 28 Template:Cite_news"," 10.12% 182.751 3 Template:Navbox"," 7.17% 129.375 1 Template:Same-sex_marriage_in_Europe"," 7.02% 126.747 1 Template:Europe_topic"," 6.24% 112.644 13 Template:Lang"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.066","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21117452,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","320","26.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","240","20.0"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","120","10.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","60","5.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","60","5.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","40","3.3"],["is_valid_date \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/Date_validation:210\u003E","40","3.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::setTTL","40","3.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","40","3.3"],["\u003Cmw.lua:194\u003E","40","3.3"],["[others]","200","16.7"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-bjxmb","timestamp":"20241130113525","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Same-sex marriage in France","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Same-sex_marriage_in_France","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3098727","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3098727","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-05-13T08:04:09Z","dateModified":"2024-11-04T23:39:04Z","headline":"overview of the status of same-sex marriage in France"}</script> </body> </html>