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'262', 126237: '263', 126238: '264', 126239: '265', 126240: '266', 126241: '267', 126242: '269', 126243: '295', 126244: '305', 126245: '338', 126246: '339', 126247: '340', 126248: '341', 126249: '342', 126250: '343', 126251: '344', 126252: '345', 126253: '346', 126254: '347', 126255: '350', 126256: '359', 126257: '360', 126258: '361', 126259: '362', 126260: '363', 126261: '364', 126262: '365', 126263: '366', 126264: '367', 126265: '369', 126266: '370', 126267: '371', 126268: '372', 126269: '373', 126270: '374', 126271: '375', 126272: '376', 126273: '377', 126274: '378', 126275: '379', 126276: '380', 126277: '407', 126278: '408', 126279: '411', 126280: '412', 126281: '413', 126282: '414', 126283: '415', 126284: '421', 126285: '422', 126286: '423', 126287: '424', 126288: '434', 126289: '435', 126290: '436', 126291: '437', 126292: '440', 126293: '445', 126294: '449', 126295: '450', 126296: '451', 126297: '452', 126298: '453', 126299: '454', 126300: '455', 126301: '456', 126302: '457', 126303: '458', 126304: '459', 126305: '460', 126306: '461', 126307: '462', 126308: '463', 126309: '464', 126310: '465', 126311: '466', 126312: '467', 126313: '468', 126314: '469', 126315: '470', 126316: '471', 126317: '472', 126318: '473', 126319: '474', 126320: '475', 126321: '476', 126322: '477', 126323: '478', 126324: '479', 126325: '480', 126326: '481', 126327: '482', 126328: '483', 126329: '486', 126330: '487', 126331: '488', 126332: '489', 126333: '490', 126334: '491', 126335: '492', 126336: '493', 126337: '494', 126338: '495', 126339: '496', 126340: '497', 126341: '498', 126342: '499', 126343: '500', 126344: '501', 126345: '502', 126346: '503', 126347: '504', 126348: '510', 126349: '511', 126350: '512', 126351: '513', 126352: '519', 126353: '520', 126354: '521', 126355: '523', 126356: '524', 126357: '525', 126358: '526', 126359: '527', 126360: '528', 126361: '529', 126362: '533', 126363: '535', 126364: '536', 126365: '537', 126366: '538', 126367: '539', 126368: '540', 126369: '541', 126370: '542', 126371: '543', 126372: '544', 126373: '545', 126374: '547', 126375: '548', 126376: '549', 126377: '582', 126378: '584', 126379: '585', 126380: '586', 126381: '587', 126382: '588', 126383: '589', 126384: '590', 126385: '591', 126386: '592', 126387: '593', 126388: '594', 126389: '607', 126390: '608', 126391: '609', 126392: '610', 126393: '612', 126394: '613', 126395: '614', 126396: '615', 126397: '616', 126398: '617', 126399: '618', 126400: '619', 126401: '620', 126402: '624', 126403: '625', 126404: '626', 126405: '627', 126406: '628', 126407: '629', 126408: '631', 126409: '640', 126410: '641', 126411: '642', 126412: '643', 126413: '644', 126414: '645', 126415: '646', 126416: '647', 126417: '648', 126418: '649', 126419: '650', 126420: '651', 126421: '654', 126422: '655', 126423: '656', 126424: '657', 126425: '660', 126426: '661', 126427: '662', 126428: '663', 126429: '664', 126430: '665', 126431: '666', 126432: '667', 126433: '668', 126434: '669', 126435: '670', 126436: '671', 126437: '672', 126438: '673', 126439: '674', 126440: '675', 126441: '676', 126442: '677', 126443: '678', 126444: '679', 126445: '680', 126446: '681', 126447: '682', 126448: '683', 126449: '684', 126450: '685', 126451: '686', 126452: '688', 126453: '689', 126454: '690', 126455: '703', 126456: '704', 126457: '705', 126458: '706', 126459: '707', 126460: '708', 126461: '709', 126462: '710', 126463: '711', 126464: '712', 126465: '713', 126466: '714', 126467: '715', 126468: '716', 126469: '717', 126470: '718', 126471: '720', 126472: '721', 126473: '722', 126474: '723', 126475: '724', 126476: '725', 126477: '726', 126478: '727', 126479: '728', 126480: '729', 126481: '730', 126482: '731', 126483: '732', 126484: '733', 126485: '734', 126486: '735', 126487: '736', 126488: '737', 126489: '738' } } }], }, }] } }; if(tcData.gdprApplies || tcData.gdprApplies === undefined){ // pbjsConfig.consentManagement.gdpr = { cmpApi: 'iab', timeout: 5000, defaultGdprScope: true, 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></div> <header class="article__header"> <div itemprop="image" itemscope itemtype="https://www.schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://compote.slate.com/images/4fb6a09b-4763-487b-bad7-790041d597d5.jpeg?crop=1560%2C1040%2Cx0%2Cy0&width=1200"> <meta itemprop="width" content="1200"> <meta itemprop="height" content="800"> </div> <a class="article__rubric" href="/culture/movies" > Movies</a> <h1 itemprop="headline" class="article__hed article__hed--" >The New <em>Captain America </em>Has an Odd Message for Our Political Moment</h1> <h2 itemprop="alternativeHeadline" class="article__dek" >Marvel’s <em>Brave New World </em>follows an unhinged president who lays waste to Washington. It’s sympathetic.</h2> <div class="article__meta"> <div class="article__byline" > By <span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <span itemprop="name"><a href="/author/sam-adams">Sam Adams</a></span></span> </div> <time itemprop="datePublished" content="2025-02-15T15:00:00+00:00" class="article__dateline" > <span>Feb 15, 2025</span><span>10:00 AM</span> </time> </div> </header> <div class="article__top-image" > <figure data-uri="slate.com/_components/image/instances/cm756ddt00023x9m7ybz2ac97@published" class="image image--top" data-editable="imageInfo" style="width: px;"><div class="lazyload-container" style="aspect-ratio: 1560 / 1040;"> <img alt="A huge red guy with hairy chest, who vaguely resembles Harrison Ford, stands in front of what looks like the White House." class="lazyloaded" src="https://compote.slate.com/images/4fb6a09b-4763-487b-bad7-790041d597d5.jpeg?crop=1560%2C1040%2Cx0%2Cy0" srcset="https://compote.slate.com/images/4fb6a09b-4763-487b-bad7-790041d597d5.jpeg?crop=1560%2C1040%2Cx0%2Cy0&width=320 320w, https://compote.slate.com/images/4fb6a09b-4763-487b-bad7-790041d597d5.jpeg?crop=1560%2C1040%2Cx0%2Cy0&width=480 480w, https://compote.slate.com/images/4fb6a09b-4763-487b-bad7-790041d597d5.jpeg?crop=1560%2C1040%2Cx0%2Cy0&width=600 600w, https://compote.slate.com/images/4fb6a09b-4763-487b-bad7-790041d597d5.jpeg?crop=1560%2C1040%2Cx0%2Cy0&width=840 840w, https://compote.slate.com/images/4fb6a09b-4763-487b-bad7-790041d597d5.jpeg?crop=1560%2C1040%2Cx0%2Cy0&width=960 960w, https://compote.slate.com/images/4fb6a09b-4763-487b-bad7-790041d597d5.jpeg?crop=1560%2C1040%2Cx0%2Cy0&width=1280 1280w, https://compote.slate.com/images/4fb6a09b-4763-487b-bad7-790041d597d5.jpeg?crop=1560%2C1040%2Cx0%2Cy0&width=1440 1440w, https://compote.slate.com/images/4fb6a09b-4763-487b-bad7-790041d597d5.jpeg?crop=1560%2C1040%2Cx0%2Cy0&width=1600 1600w, https://compote.slate.com/images/4fb6a09b-4763-487b-bad7-790041d597d5.jpeg?crop=1560%2C1040%2Cx0%2Cy0&width=1920 1920w, https://compote.slate.com/images/4fb6a09b-4763-487b-bad7-790041d597d5.jpeg?crop=1560%2C1040%2Cx0%2Cy0&width=2200 2200w" sizes="(min-width: 1440px)970px, (min-width: 1024px)709px, (min-width: 768px)620px, calc(100vw - 30px)" width="1560" height="1040" /> </div> <figcaption class="image__meta"> <span class="image__caption">Harrison Ford as President Thaddeus Ross, aka Red Hulk, in <em>Captain America: Brave New World</em>.</span> <span class="image__credit">Marvel Studios/Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures</span> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="article__share-sidebar share-sidebar"> <div class="social-share" aria-label="social media links" data-uri="slate.com/_components/social-share/instances/cm756ddt00021x9m7473qdeg4@published" > <a 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href="https://slate.com/comments/culture/2025/02/captain-america-brave-new-world-new-marvel-movie-trump.html" class="social-share__link social-share__link--comments" > <svg width="25" height="25" class="social-share__icon" role="presentation" > <use href="https://slate.com/static/media/sites/slate-com/share-sprite.ffcb553.svg#comments"></use> </svg>Comment </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article__content" itemprop="mainEntityOfPage"> <p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="10" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cm756ddt00024x9m74ht0opoo@published" ><strong><em>This article contains spoilers for </em>Captain America: Brave New World<em>.</em></strong></p> <p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="160" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cm756kj39001v3972uzz3nqjp@published" >The movies have long been fond of reducing the White House to smithereens, but <em>Captain America: Brave New World</em> marks the first time the destruction has been doled out by its most famous occupant. As anyone who’s passed through a theater lobby in the past few months knows, the movie’s climax features Harrison Ford’s president Thaddeus “Thunderbolt” Ross transforming into the Red Hulk in the middle of a Rose Garden press conference and promptly laying waste to his surroundings. Columns crumble, cornices are crushed, and even Old Glory gets turned into an offensive weapon as the world’s angriest POTUS swings an enormous flagpole at a military helicopter. By the time Sam Wilson’s Captain America (Anthony Mackie) has finally subdued his commander in chief, the building is a smoldering ruin, a monument to the destructive power of the former president’s fury. But not to worry, a news report reassures us: Next up is “the restoration of normalcy to the White House.”</p> <div data-uri="slate.com/_components/connatix/instances/default" class="ad--exco"> <script> (function(d,s,n){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];js=d.createElement(s);js.className=n;js.src="//player.ex.co/player/8b7b2bed-5b69-4d70-82d5-aa335c8abe6c";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}(document,"script","exco-player")); </script> <div id="8b7b2bed-5b69-4d70-82d5-aa335c8abe6c"></div> </div> <p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="204" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cm756kj7b001w3972mebji25f@published" >That line inevitably lands differently now than it would have even a few weeks ago, let alone if the film had met its original release date in the summer of 2024. The movie is styled as a paranoid thriller along the lines of its 2014 predecessor <a href="https://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2014/04/captain_america_the_winter_soldier_reviewed.html"><em>Captain America: The Winter Soldier</em></a>, with a plot featuring shadowy mercenaries, a <a href="https://slate.com/culture/2017/05/a-conspiracy-thriller-before-its-time.html"><em>Manchurian Candidate</em></a>–style brainwashing scheme, and a black-site prison on American soil. The plot even loops in a character from the series’ <a href="https://slate.com/culture/2021/04/falcon-winter-soldier-finale-review-captain-america.html">TV spinoff</a>, Carl Lumbly’s Isaiah Bradley, the “forgotten Cap” who was subjected to the same experiments that created Sam Wilson’s superpowered predecessor, Steve Rogers, and then imprisoned for 30 years to hide the evidence of the government’s crimes. In a <a href="https://www.slate.com/articles/slate_plus/conspiracy_thrillers.html">classic paranoid thriller</a> like <em>They Live </em>or <em>The Parallax View</em>, the hero is a white man who discovers that the world he thought he knew is rotten to the core, controlled by forces whose existence he never expected. But as Isaiah Bradley’s connection to the real-life horror of the Tuskegee Experiment implies, it’s less of an adjustment for characters who have always known that the government lies to find out the precise nature of the conspiracy. The trick is getting others to see it too.</p> <div class="slate-ad ad--mobileOnly ad--inArticleBanner"> <div class="slate-ad__label"> <span class="border"></span> <div class="advertisement">Advertisement</div> <span class="border"></span> </div> <div class="slate-ad__creative" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-ad/instances/cm756ddt00020x9m7bq20k8ak@published" data-placeholder="settings" data-type="mid-article-spot-mobile" data-zone-id = "768494" data-placement-id = "12399462" data-criteo-id="" data-site-id="271366" data-ll-threshold="400" > </div> </div> <div class="slate-ad ad--desktopOnly ad--inArticleBanner"> <div class="slate-ad__label"> <span class="border"></span> <div class="advertisement">Advertisement</div> <span class="border"></span> </div> <div class="slate-ad__creative" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-ad/instances/cm756ddt00020x9m7bq20k8ak@published" data-placeholder="settings" data-type="mid-article-spot" data-zone-id = "768486" data-placement-id = "12399452" data-criteo-id="" data-site-id="271363" data-ll-threshold="400" > </div> </div> <div class="slate-ad ad--inArticleBanner ad--desktopXl"> <div class="slate-ad__label"> <span class="border"></span> <div class="advertisement">Advertisement</div> <span class="border"></span> </div> <div class="slate-ad__creative" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-ad/instances/cm756ddt00020x9m7bq20k8ak@published" data-placeholder="settings" data-type="mid-article-spot-xl" data-zone-id = "768486" data-placement-id = "12399452" data-criteo-id="" data-site-id="271363" data-ll-threshold="400" > </div> </div> <div class="slate-ad ad--tabletPortraitOnly ad--inArticleBanner"> <div class="slate-ad__label"> <span class="border"></span> <div class="advertisement">Advertisement</div> <span class="border"></span> </div> <div class="slate-ad__creative" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-ad/instances/cm756ddt00020x9m7bq20k8ak@published" data-placeholder="settings" data-type="mid-article-spot-tablet" data-zone-id = "768488" data-placement-id = "12399457" data-criteo-id="" data-site-id="271364" data-ll-threshold="400" > </div> </div> <p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="201" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cm756kj9o001x3972vu4chbgy@published" >Although he began as a member of the armed forces, Sam is, like the “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Soldier_Investigation">winter soldiers</a>” who testified about the atrocities committed by the U.S. military in Vietnam, more loyal to the country’s ideals than its leaders, particularly now that his old nemesis, General Thaddeus Ross, is in the Oval Office. Although Ford has replaced the late William Hurt in the role—“I’m still getting used to the new look,” Sam quips, ostensibly in response to his clean-shaven face—<em>Brave New World</em> presumes at least a passing familiarity with his previous appearances, going all the way back to 2008’s <a href="https://slate.com/culture/2008/06/the-happening-and-the-incredible-hulk-reviewed.html"><em>The Incredible Hulk</em></a>, a movie that invariably vies for last place in rankings of the Marvel Cinematic Universe’s nearly three dozen entries. That’s the last time we saw Tim Blake Nelson as Samuel Sterns, a scientist whose exposure to gamma radiation has given him the ability to mathematically predict the future, and also left him looking like an enormous pickle. (In the comics, he’s known as the Leader; here, he’s simply bumpy and green.) Like Isaiah Bradley, he’s been stripped of his rights and treated as subhuman for the sin of being useful to people in power. Or really just one person: Thaddeus Ross.</p> <div class="slate-ad ad--mobileOnly ad--inArticleBanner"> <div class="slate-ad__label"> <span class="border"></span> <div class="advertisement">Advertisement</div> <span class="border"></span> </div> <div class="slate-ad__creative" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-ad/instances/cm756ddt00020x9m7bq20k8ak@published" data-placeholder="settings" data-type="mid-article-spot-mobile" data-zone-id = "768494" data-placement-id = "12399462" data-criteo-id="" data-site-id="271366" data-ll-threshold="400" > </div> </div> <div data-uri="slate.com/_components/pull-quote/instances/cm756l8oi00243972zs46yrzi@published" class="pull-quote pull-quote--right" itemscope aria-hidden="true" > <b class="pull-quote__text" data-editable="quote">Why else cast the lovably irascible Ford in the part, rather than someone whose anger might actually read as a<span class="widont"> </span>threat?</b> </div> <p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="168" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cm756kjbe001y3972f5kut57f@published" >Ross’ ostensible goal is to broker a truce among the world’s great powers so they can share the miracle metal of adamantium, mined from the corpse of a continent-sized Celestial in the Indian Ocean. (Surely you remember that leftover detail from <a href="https://slate.com/culture/2021/10/eternals-marvel-movie-review-angelina-jolie-gemma-chan.html"><em>Eternals</em></a>, another strong contender for the worst Marvel movie of all time.) He’s trying to change, to find a better self and reconcile with his estranged daughter, Betty (Liv Tyler), who has also not been seen since 2008. He’s spent years, with Samuel Sterns as his quasi-clairvoyant adviser, building a path to the White House, hoping to be known as a statesman rather than a warmonger. Heck, he even gave up smoking. Still, the rage that got him his nickname is still just beneath the surface, pushed closer by the pills he pops that control his life-threatening heart condition but, unbeknownst to him, are also slowly bring out his inner Hulk—part of Sterns’ long-term plan to get revenge by showing the world who Thaddeus Ross really is.</p> <div class="slate-ad ad--inArticleBanner ad--desktopXl"> <div class="slate-ad__label"> <span class="border"></span> <div class="advertisement">Advertisement</div> <span class="border"></span> </div> <div class="slate-ad__creative" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-ad/instances/cm756ddt00020x9m7bq20k8ak@published" data-placeholder="settings" data-type="mid-article-spot-xl" data-zone-id = "768486" data-placement-id = "12399452" data-criteo-id="" data-site-id="271363" data-ll-threshold="400" > </div> </div> <p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="190" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cm756kjd0001z3972z7eclltz@published" >President Ross claims to be a uniter, not a divider; the movie’s opening shot is him standing on the stage of a campaign rally in front of a massive screen that reads “Together.” But that’s a little like saying Thanos was an environmentalist. His country is reeling from disruptions even greater and more unbelievable than our own, including a five-year spell during which half its residents simply disappeared. So if it takes a false flag operation or a little extrajudicial detention to get everyone on the same side—Ross’ tactics include keeping Samuel Sterns in an illegal prison for well over a decade to hide the secret behind his ascent to the presidency—so be it. This, of course, is straight out of the authoritarian playbook. But <em>Brave New World</em> doesn’t have the courage to walk that road, so it chalks Ross’ actions up to personal failings rather than the lust for power. No matter how grotesque his misdeeds, he’s framed as a man struggling to be good, a sympathetic monster. Why else cast the lovably irascible Ford in the part, rather than someone whose anger might actually read as a threat?</p> <div class="slate-ad ad--mobileOnly ad--inArticleBanner"> <div class="slate-ad__label"> <span class="border"></span> <div class="advertisement">Advertisement</div> <span class="border"></span> </div> <div class="slate-ad__creative" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-ad/instances/cm756ddt00020x9m7bq20k8ak@published" data-placeholder="settings" data-type="mid-article-spot-mobile" data-zone-id = "768494" data-placement-id = "12399462" data-criteo-id="" data-site-id="271366" data-ll-threshold="400" > </div> </div> <div class="slate-ad ad--desktopOnly ad--inArticleBanner"> <div class="slate-ad__label"> <span class="border"></span> <div class="advertisement">Advertisement</div> <span class="border"></span> </div> <div class="slate-ad__creative" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-ad/instances/cm756ddt00020x9m7bq20k8ak@published" data-placeholder="settings" data-type="mid-article-spot" data-zone-id = "768486" data-placement-id = "12399452" data-criteo-id="" data-site-id="271363" data-ll-threshold="400" > </div> </div> <div class="slate-ad ad--tabletPortraitOnly ad--inArticleBanner"> <div class="slate-ad__label"> <span class="border"></span> <div class="advertisement">Advertisement</div> <span class="border"></span> </div> <div class="slate-ad__creative" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-ad/instances/cm756ddt00020x9m7bq20k8ak@published" data-placeholder="settings" data-type="mid-article-spot-tablet" data-zone-id = "768488" data-placement-id = "12399457" data-criteo-id="" data-site-id="271364" data-ll-threshold="400" > </div> </div> <aside data-uri="slate.com/_components/in-article-recirc/instances/cm756ddt00026x9m7hre4eejf@published" class="in-article-recirc" data-via="article-inline_recirc-section-culture" > <h1 class="in-article-recirc__header"> Popular in <a href="/culture" class="in-article-recirc__topic"> Culture </a> </h1> <ol class="in-article-recirc__list"> <li class="in-article-recirc__item"> <a href="https://slate.com/culture/2025/02/detective-tv-shows-series-scandi-nordic-noir-mystery-murder-crime.html" class="in-article-recirc__link"> Detective Shows Are Great, but One Subgenre Is the Very Best </a> </li> <li class="in-article-recirc__item"> <a href="https://slate.com/culture/2025/02/substance-demi-moore-movie-oscars-2025-best-actress.html" class="in-article-recirc__link"> It’s Ridiculous That <em>This</em> Performance Is Supposed to Win an Oscar </a> </li> <li class="in-article-recirc__item"> <a href="https://slate.com/culture/2025/02/parker-posey-the-white-lotus-dazed-and-confused-scream-movies-career.html" class="in-article-recirc__link"> Hollywood’s Indie Queen Is Poised to Finally Have Her Jennifer Coolidge Moment </a> </li> <li class="in-article-recirc__item"> <a href="https://slate.com/culture/2025/02/yellowjackets-season-3-episode-3-paramount-show-akilah-shauna-van.html" class="in-article-recirc__link"> <em>Yellowjackets </em>Had Already Jumped the Shark. Then Came This Episode. </a> </li> </ol> </aside> <p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="213" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cm756kjfo002039726n9qh16v@published" >Back in 2012, <a href="https://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2012/05/the_avengers_directed_by_joss_whedon_reviewed_.html"><em>The Avengers</em></a> redefined the original Hulk with a brilliantly simple phrase: “I’m always angry.” Perhaps ironically given his own <a href="https://www.vulture.com/article/joss-whedon-allegations.html">shaky history of anger management</a>, Joss Whedon realized that having Bruce Banner doing breathing exercises to keep from losing his cool wasn’t a sustainable basis for a 21<sup>st</sup>-century character; you can’t have the Hulk smash up a city and then claim it’s not his fault because he got mad. If anyone in <em>Brave New World</em> has a right to that kind of all-consuming rage, it’s Sam Wilson, who is constantly reminded that while he may have claimed the mantle of Captain America, he will, at least in the public’s eyes, never be Steve Rogers. But Mackie doesn’t get to play that emotion until the movie is almost over, in a hospital-room soliloquy where he finally voices the frustration that even twice as good is not good enough. But it sits side by side with the scene in which Sam visits the now-defeated and imprisoned Thaddeus Ross and thanks him for owning up to his crimes and relinquishing his office. Sure, he brought the world to the brink of war for the sake of his pride and his hold on power, but now that he’s sorry, the country can begin to heal.</p> <div class="slate-ad ad--mobileOnly ad--inArticleBanner"> <div class="slate-ad__label"> <span class="border"></span> <div class="advertisement">Advertisement</div> <span class="border"></span> </div> <div class="slate-ad__creative" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-ad/instances/cm756ddt00020x9m7bq20k8ak@published" data-placeholder="settings" data-type="mid-article-spot-mobile" data-zone-id = "768494" data-placement-id = "12399462" data-criteo-id="" data-site-id="271366" data-ll-threshold="400" > </div> </div> <div class="slate-ad ad--inArticleBanner ad--desktopXl"> <div class="slate-ad__label"> <span class="border"></span> <div class="advertisement">Advertisement</div> <span class="border"></span> </div> <div class="slate-ad__creative" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-ad/instances/cm756ddt00020x9m7bq20k8ak@published" data-placeholder="settings" data-type="mid-article-spot-xl" data-zone-id = "768486" data-placement-id = "12399452" data-criteo-id="" data-site-id="271363" data-ll-threshold="400" > </div> </div> <aside class="recirc-line" data-via="recirc-line" data-uri="slate.com/_components/recirc-line/instances/cm756ddt00025x9m7grlo4js6@published" > <h2 class="recirc-line__related-from">Related From Slate</h2> <a href="https://slate.com/culture/2025/02/oscars-2025-anora-emilia-perez-best-picture-dga-pga.html" class="recirc-line__content"> <div class="recirc-line__img"> <img src="https://compote.slate.com/images/e27159c8-9cf7-43b4-b3a3-a498dc4ad464.gif?crop=1051%2C700%2Cx1%2Cy0&width=140" width="141" height="94" srcset="https://compote.slate.com/images/e27159c8-9cf7-43b4-b3a3-a498dc4ad464.gif?crop=1051%2C700%2Cx1%2Cy0&width=320 320w, https://compote.slate.com/images/e27159c8-9cf7-43b4-b3a3-a498dc4ad464.gif?crop=1051%2C700%2Cx1%2Cy0&width=480 480w, https://compote.slate.com/images/e27159c8-9cf7-43b4-b3a3-a498dc4ad464.gif?crop=1051%2C700%2Cx1%2Cy0&width=600 600w, https://compote.slate.com/images/e27159c8-9cf7-43b4-b3a3-a498dc4ad464.gif?crop=1051%2C700%2Cx1%2Cy0&width=840 840w, https://compote.slate.com/images/e27159c8-9cf7-43b4-b3a3-a498dc4ad464.gif?crop=1051%2C700%2Cx1%2Cy0&width=960 960w, https://compote.slate.com/images/e27159c8-9cf7-43b4-b3a3-a498dc4ad464.gif?crop=1051%2C700%2Cx1%2Cy0&width=1280 1280w, https://compote.slate.com/images/e27159c8-9cf7-43b4-b3a3-a498dc4ad464.gif?crop=1051%2C700%2Cx1%2Cy0&width=1440 1440w, https://compote.slate.com/images/e27159c8-9cf7-43b4-b3a3-a498dc4ad464.gif?crop=1051%2C700%2Cx1%2Cy0&width=1600 1600w, https://compote.slate.com/images/e27159c8-9cf7-43b4-b3a3-a498dc4ad464.gif?crop=1051%2C700%2Cx1%2Cy0&width=1920 1920w, https://compote.slate.com/images/e27159c8-9cf7-43b4-b3a3-a498dc4ad464.gif?crop=1051%2C700%2Cx1%2Cy0&width=2200 2200w" sizes="141px" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="recirc-line__txt"> <h4 class="recirc-line__byline">Dan Kois</h4> <h3 class="recirc-line__promoline">A New Oscar Front-Runner Is Here, and America Is Saved</h3> <b class="slate-link--bold recirc-line__read-more">Read More</b> </div> </a> </aside> <p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="148" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cm756kjht00213972w4cehfa4@published" ><em>Brave New World</em>, whose script has more credited writers than Doctor Octopus has mechanical arms, wants to say something about power, and the moral exemptions that men, particularly white American men, will grant themselves in the name of what they can convince themselves is right. But it’s so studious about not taking sides that it can’t say anything at all, and the fact that it’s plainly been reshot and recut within an inch of its life doesn’t help. The use of Kendrick Lamar’s “i” over the movie’s end credits acts as <a href="https://slate.com/culture/2018/02/kendrick-lamars-black-panther-soundtrack-album-reviewed.html">a callback to 2018’s <em>Black Panther</em></a>, but it also inadvertently, and unluckily, sets up a comparison with <a href="https://slate.com/culture/2025/02/kendrick-lamar-halftime-super-bowl-drake-2025.html">Lamar’s Super Bowl performance</a>, which pointedly situated America’s Blackness at the heart of the red, white, and blue. <em>Brave New World</em> takes center stage, but it never turns on the mic; lips move, but we don’t hear anything at <span class="slate-paragraph--tombstone">all.</span></p> <section class="newsletter-signup " data-turnstile-sitekey="0x4AAAAAAAapdPWOG3kR2_qF" data-list="Culture" data-uri="slate.com/_components/newsletter-signup/instances/cm756ddt00027x9m7ljn71xgp@published" > <div class="newsletter-signup__intro" > <svg width="13" height="20" class="newsletter-signup__arrow"> <use xlink:href="/media/components/newsletter-signup/sprite.svg#arrow" ></use> </svg> <h1 class="newsletter-signup__headline">Get the best of culture</h1> Get the best of movies, TV, books, music, and more. </div> <form class="newsletter-signup__form" novalidate> <div class="newsletter-signup__success slate-notification--success" hidden> Thanks for signing up! 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a=n(f[0]);if(u=(o.read||o)(u,a)||n(u),t)try{u=JSON.parse(u)}catch(e){}if(r[a]=u,e===a)break}catch(e){}}return e?r[e]:r}}return r.set=i,r.get=function(e){return c(e,!1)},r.getJSON=function(e){return c(e,!0)},r.remove=function(n,t){i(n,"",e(t,{expires:-1}))},r.defaults={},r.withConverter=t,r}(function(){})}); }, {}]; window.modules["42"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var launchOnboarding=function(e){try{return!e.onboarding||document.documentElement.clientWidth<=1024?Promise.resolve():Promise.resolve(piano.getExtendedUserData("onboarding")).then(function(n){var r=n.email,i=piano.getCustomFields(n);if(i.onboarding_enabled)return window._ONBOARDING={user:Object.assign({},i,{email:r}),experience:e},Promise.resolve(fetch("/fixins/onboarding/index.html").then(function(e){return e.text()}).then(function(e){return(new DOMParser).parseFromString(e,"text/html")})).then(function(e){e.head.querySelectorAll("meta,title").forEach(function(e){return e.remove()});var n=document.querySelector("#onboarding-container");n.innerHTML=e.head.innerHTML+e.body.innerHTML,executeScripts(n)})})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},membership=require(6),piano=require(57),_require=require(31),executeScripts=_require.executeScripts;exports.init=function(){membership.isLoggedIn()&&window.tp.push(["addHandler","setResponseVariable",function(e){return launchOnboarding(e.responseVariables)}])}; }, {"6":6,"31":31,"57":57}]; window.modules["49"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var dropdownSelector=".dropdown",buttonSelector=".dropdown__button",contentSelector=".dropdown__content";module.exports=function(e){(e.matches(dropdownSelector)?[e]:e.querySelectorAll(dropdownSelector)).forEach(initialize)};var x=0;function initialize(e){var t=e.querySelector(contentSelector);if(!t.id){t.id="dropdown-"+x++;var n=e.querySelector(buttonSelector);n.setAttribute("aria-controls",t.id),n.setAttribute("aria-expanded",!1);var r={click:function(t){e.contains(t.target)||o()},keyup:function(e){["Escape","Esc"].includes(e.key)&&o()}};e.addEventListener("click",function(){return"true"===n.getAttribute("aria-expanded")?o():function(){for(var e in n.setAttribute("aria-expanded","true"),r)document.body.addEventListener(e,r[e])}()}),e.hidden=!1,n.disabled=!1}function o(){for(var e in n.setAttribute("aria-expanded","false"),r)document.body.removeEventListener(e,r[e])}} }, {}]; window.modules["50"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";exports.formatArticleData=function(t){return{content_created:t.pub_date,content_author:t.authors.join(","),content_section:t.section,tags:t.tags,custom_variables:{contentRubric:t.rubric,amplitudePageType:t.page_type}}},exports.isSlatePianoEvent=function(t){return/[/.]piano\.io$/.test(t.origin)&&t.data.slate},exports.pianoInitPromise=new Promise(function(t,e){exports.pianoInitPromiseResolve=t,exports.pianoInitPromiseReject=e}); }, {}]; window.modules["51"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var dropdown=require(49),darkMode=require(27);function munge(e){return e.trim().toLowerCase()}function constructThemePickers(e){var r=e.querySelectorAll(".theme-picker");function n(e){r.forEach(function(r){r.querySelector(".dropdown__label").innerHTML=e.innerHTML});var n=munge(e.innerText);darkMode.setTheme(n)}r.forEach(function(e){e.querySelectorAll(".theme-picker__option").forEach(function(e){var r=munge(e.innerText);document.documentElement.classList.contains("theme-"+r)&&n(e),e.addEventListener("click",function(e){n(e.currentTarget)})}),dropdown(e)})}module.exports=constructThemePickers; }, {"27":27,"49":49}]; window.modules["55"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var executeTurnstile=function(e){try{return Promise.resolve(loadTurnstile()).then(function(){var r="."+TURNSTILE_CLASSNAME,t=document.querySelector(r);return t.dataset.theme=getTheme(),t.innerHTML="",new Promise(function(t,n){window.turnstile.render(r,{sitekey:e,retry:"never","refresh-timeout":"never",callback:function(e){t(e)},"error-callback":function(e){n("Turnstile error: "+e+" - https://developers.cloudflare.com/turnstile/troubleshooting/client-side-errors/#error-codes")},"expired-callback":function(e){n("Turnstile token expired: "+e)},"timeout-callback":function(e){n("Turnstile timeout: "+e)}})})})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},_require=require(27),getTheme=_require.getTheme,_require2=require(165),TURNSTILE_CLASSNAME=_require2.TURNSTILE_CLASSNAME,TURNSTILE_SCRIPT_SRC="https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/api.js?render=explicit",hasLoadedTurnstile=function(){return"turnstile"in window};function loadTurnstile(){if(!hasLoadedTurnstile())return new Promise(function(e,r){slateGlobal.injectScript(TURNSTILE_SCRIPT_SRC,function(){if(hasLoadedTurnstile())e(!0);else{var t=new Error("global turnstile object was not injected");r(t)}},function(e){var t=new Error("Error loading script "+e.target.src);r(t)})})}module.exports.loadTurnstile=loadTurnstile,module.exports.executeTurnstile=executeTurnstile; }, {"27":27,"165":165}]; window.modules["56"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(e,t){try{var r=e()}catch(e){return t(e)}return r&&r.then?r.then(void 0,t):r}var _require=require(887),get=_require.get,slateAmplitude=require(18),slatePermutive=require(80),membership=require(6),MYSLATE_ORIGIN=document.documentElement.dataset.myslateurl,BASE_ENDPOINT=new URL(MYSLATE_ORIGIN+"/proxies/newsletters/").href;function constructUserEndpoint(e){if(!e)throw Error("You must provide an email to update subscriptions.");return new URL(""+BASE_ENDPOINT+e+"/").href}function constructOptOutEndpoint(e){if(!e)throw Error("You must provide an email to opt out.");return new URL(BASE_ENDPOINT+"optout/"+e+"/").href}function trackNewsletterSignup(e,t){var r=Object.keys(t);try{var n=new amplitude.Identify;n.append("Newsletters",r),amplitude.identify(n)}catch(e){console.error("amplitude.identify failed",e)}try{ats.setAdditionalData({type:"email",id:e})}catch(e){console.error("Failed to add to ats",e)}slateAmplitude.track("Newsletter: Sign Up",{list_name:r}),slatePermutive.track("Newsletter",{newsletters:r})}exports.getSubscriptions=function(e){try{var t=constructUserEndpoint(e);return Promise.resolve(_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(get(t))},function(e){throw console.error("failed to fetch user subs",t,e),Error("There was an error fetching your newsletter subscriptions")}))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},exports.updateSubscriptions=function(e,t,r,n){void 0===e&&(e={}),void 0===r&&(r=""),void 0===n&&(n=!1);try{var o=constructUserEndpoint(t);return Promise.resolve(_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(get(o,{method:"POST",credentials:"include",body:JSON.stringify(Object.assign({},e,{token:r,isTurnstile:n}))})).then(function(r){return trackNewsletterSignup(t,e.subscribed),r})},function(){throw console.error("failed to update subs",{email:t,subscriptions:e}),new Error("There was an error updating your subscriptions.")}))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},exports.optOutOfSubscriptions=function(e){try{var t=constructOptOutEndpoint(e);return Promise.resolve(_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(get(t,{method:"GET",credentials:"include"}))},function(e){throw console.error("failed to opt out",t,e),new Error("Something went wrong while opting out.")}))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},exports.getAllNewsletters=function(){try{var e=new URL(BASE_ENDPOINT+"all/").href;return Promise.resolve(_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(get(e))},function(t){throw console.error("failed to fetch newsletters",e,t),new Error("Something went wrong while trying to fetch newsletters")}))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},exports.subscribe=function(e,t,r,n,o){void 0===o&&(o=!1);var i={};return i[t]=1,r&&(i.Marketing=1),exports.updateSubscriptions({subscribed:i},e,n,o)},exports.isSubscribed=function(e){try{var t=membership.getUserEmail();return t?Promise.resolve(exports.getSubscriptions(t)).then(function(t){return t.subscribed.includes(e)}):Promise.resolve()}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}}; }, {"6":6,"18":18,"80":80,"887":887}]; window.modules["57"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var cookies=require(40),PIANOAPITIMEOUT=3e3;module.exports={getExtendedUserData:function(e){return new Promise(function(t,i){var o=setTimeout(i,PIANOAPITIMEOUT);window.tp||(window.tp=[]);window.tp.push(["init",function(){tp.pianoId.loadExtendedUser({formName:e,extendedUserLoaded:function(e){clearTimeout(o),e?t(e):i(e)}})}])})},getCustomFields:function(e){for(var t={},i=0,o=e.custom_field_values;i<o.length;i++){var n=o[i],r=n.field_name,u=n.value;try{t[r]=JSON.parse(u)}catch(e){t[r]="string"==typeof u&&u?u:null}}return t},getCustomFieldValue:function(e,t){if(e.custom_field_values)for(var i=0;i<e.custom_field_values.length;i++)if(e.custom_field_values[i].field_name===t)return e.custom_field_values[i].value},getPianoJwt:function(){var e=cookies.get("__utp");if(e)try{var t=atob(e.split(".")[1]);return JSON.parse(t)}catch(t){return void console.error("Error parsing __utp cookie: "+e,t)}},getPianoId:function(){var e=module.exports.getPianoJwt();if(e)return e.sub},getUser:function(){return new Promise(function(e,t){var i=setTimeout(t,PIANOAPITIMEOUT);window.tp||(window.tp=[]),window.tp.push(["init",function(){try{clearTimeout(i),e(window.tp.pianoId.getUser())}catch(e){t(e)}}])})},getUserResources:function(){return new Promise(function(e,t){var i=setTimeout(t,PIANOAPITIMEOUT);window.tp||(window.tp=[]),window.tp.push(["init",function(){try{window.tp.api.callApi("/access/list",{},function(t){clearTimeout(i),e(t)})}catch(e){t(e)}}])})}}; }, {"40":40}]; window.modules["59"] = 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[function(require,module,exports){var isObject=require(600),now=require(720),toNumber=require(721),FUNC_ERROR_TEXT="Expected a function",nativeMax=Math.max,nativeMin=Math.min;function debounce(n,i,t){var e,r,o,u,a,c,v=0,f=!1,m=!1,d=!0;if("function"!=typeof n)throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);function T(i){var t=e,o=r;return e=r=void 0,v=i,u=n.apply(o,t)}function s(n){var t=n-c;return void 0===c||t>=i||t<0||m&&n-v>=o}function b(){var n=now();if(s(n))return l(n);a=setTimeout(b,function(n){var t=i-(n-c);return m?nativeMin(t,o-(n-v)):t}(n))}function l(n){return a=void 0,d&&e?T(n):(e=r=void 0,u)}function w(){var n=now(),t=s(n);if(e=arguments,r=this,c=n,t){if(void 0===a)return function(n){return v=n,a=setTimeout(b,i),f?T(n):u}(c);if(m)return clearTimeout(a),a=setTimeout(b,i),T(c)}return void 0===a&&(a=setTimeout(b,i)),u}return i=toNumber(i)||0,isObject(t)&&(f=!!t.leading,o=(m="maxWait"in t)?nativeMax(toNumber(t.maxWait)||0,i):o,d="trailing"in t?!!t.trailing:d),w.cancel=function(){void 0!==a&&clearTimeout(a),v=0,e=c=r=a=void 0},w.flush=function(){return void 0===a?u:l(now())},w}module.exports=debounce; }, {"600":600,"720":720,"721":721}]; window.modules["61"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function experienceExecute(e){var n=e.result.events.find(function(e){return"experienceExecute"===e.eventType});if(n){var t=n.eventExecutionContext,i=t.userSegments;if("COMPOSER1X"in i){var r={};i.COMPOSER1X.segments.forEach(function(e){var n=e.split(":"),t=n[0],i=n[2],s=["LTs","LTc","LTreg","CScore"];t=t.toLowerCase(),(s=s.map(function(e){return e.toLowerCase()})).includes(t)&&(r["piano_"+function(e){switch(e){case"cscore":return"ltconvert";default:return e}}(t)]=i)}),t.splitTests.length&&(r.piano_segment_id=[],r.piano_segment_name=[],t.splitTests.forEach(function(e){r.piano_segment_id.push(e.variantId),r.piano_segment_name.push(e.variantName)}));var s=new amplitude.Identify;for(var a in r)s.set(a,r[a]);amplitude.identify(s)}}}module.exports=experienceExecute; }, {}]; window.modules["62"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function dispatchPianoResponseVariables(e){var s=new CustomEvent("pianoResponseVariables",{detail:{responseVariables:e.responseVariables}});window.dispatchEvent(s)}module.exports=dispatchPianoResponseVariables; }, {}]; window.modules["63"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var supportJournalism=require(76);function showOffer(e){e.containerSelector.includes("#meterwall")&&supportJournalism.setParams(),window._slateCriteo.trackLandingPage()}module.exports=showOffer; }, {"76":76}]; window.modules["64"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var slateAmplitude=require(18);function onCheckoutStateChange(e){switch(e.stateName){case"auth":slateAmplitude.track("Slate Plus: View Checkout");break;case"state2":slateAmplitude.track("Slate Plus: Payment"),window.tfaPush({notify:"subscription",name:"subscription-form-visible",sourceurl:location.href});break;case"bankSecure":slateAmplitude.track("Display 3DS Challenge")}}module.exports=onCheckoutStateChange; }, {"18":18}]; window.modules["65"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var newsletters=require(56),_require=require(26),toUrl=_require.toUrl,_require2=require(74),loadRecaptcha=_require2.loadRecaptcha,executeRecaptcha=_require2.executeRecaptcha;function sendPostMessageToPiano(e,r,n){document.getElementById(e).contentWindow.postMessage({piano:{success:r,managementUrl:n}},"*")}function onSuccess(e,r,n,t){sendPostMessageToPiano(e,!0,toUrl(t,{email:r}).href)}function onError(e,r){sendPostMessageToPiano(e,!1,r)}function newsletterSignup(e){"email-signup"===e.eventName&&e.params&&loadRecaptcha().then(function(){try{var r=JSON.parse(e.params.params).iframeId,n=e.params.email,t=e.params.list,s="true"===e.params.marketing||!1,a=e.params.managementUrl,o=function(){if(n&&n.length>0&&r&&t)return Promise.resolve(executeRecaptcha()).then(function(e){newsletters.subscribe(n,t,s,e).then(function(){return onSuccess(r,n,t,a)}).catch(function(){return onError(r,n)})});console.error("Missing information for newsletter signup.")}();return Promise.resolve(o&&o.then?o.then(function(){}):void 0)}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}}).catch(function(e){throw new Error("Couldn't load recaptcha in Piano newsletter-signup",e)})}module.exports=newsletterSignup; }, {"26":26,"56":56,"74":74}]; window.modules["66"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _require=require(71),getRedirectUrl=_require.getRedirectUrl,isSpotifyPlus=_require.isSpotifyPlus,redirectToSpotify=_require.redirectToSpotify;function afterCheckoutClose(e){if("checkoutCompleted"===e.state||"voucherRedemptionCompleted"===e.state){if(isSpotifyPlus())return void redirectToSpotify();location.href=getRedirectUrl()||"/account"}}module.exports=afterCheckoutClose; }, {"71":71}]; window.modules["67"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var Cookies=require(40),slateAmplitude=require(18),MAX_ADBLOCKER_DELAY=3e3;exports.getValue=function(){var e=Date.now();return new Promise(function(o){!function t(){var i=Date.now()-e,r=Cookies.get("__adblocker");void 0!==r||i>MAX_ADBLOCKER_DELAY?(o([r&&"true"===r,i]),void 0===r&&isSample()&&trackTiming(e)):setTimeout(t,500)}()})},Cookies.remove("__adblocker");var setNptTechAdblockerCookie=function(e){Cookies.set("__adblocker",!!e)};function d(e){return Math.floor(Math.random()*(e-1+1)+1)}exports.enable=function(){var e=document.createElement("script");e.src="//www.npttech.com/advertising.js",e.addEventListener("error",function(){setNptTechAdblockerCookie(!0)}),document.head.appendChild(e)};var isSample=function(){return 20===d(20)||"#adblockdebug"===location.hash};function trackTiming(e){!function o(){setTimeout(function(){var t=Cookies.get("__adblocker");void 0!==t?slateAmplitude.log("Ad Blocker Timing Sample",{adBlocker:"true"===t,adBlockerDelay:Date.now()-e}):o()},500)}()} }, {"18":18,"40":40}]; window.modules["68"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(e,r){try{var t=e()}catch(e){return r(e)}return t&&t.then?t.then(void 0,r):t}var afterCheckout=function(e){try{return Promise.resolve(piano.getExtendedUserData("attribution-menu")).then(function(r){function t(){window._slateCriteo.trackTransaction()}var i=Object.assign({offer_ID:e.offerId,price:e.chargeAmount,plan_type:e.rid,term_ID:e.termId},getMorgioniProps()),n=piano.getCustomFieldValue(r,"attribution_menu");if(n){try{var o=JSON.parse(n);o instanceof Array&&(n=o.join())}catch(e){}var s=piano.getCustomFieldValue(r,"attribution_menu_other");s&&(n+=": "+s),i["S+ Purchase Attribution"]=n}slateAmplitude.track("Slate Plus: Purchase",i),isPodcastRid(e.rid)&&sessionStorage.setItem(IS_PURCHASING_KEY,!0);try{window.fbq("track","Purchase",{currency:e.chargeCurrency,value:e.chargeAmount})}catch(e){console.warn("fb purchase event failed",e)}var a=_catch(function(){function e(){window.gtag("event","conversion",r)}var r={send_to:"AW-794295919/I6C8CKDPrIsBEO_83_oC"},t=membership.getUserEmail(),i=function(){if(t)return Promise.resolve(hash(t,"hex")).then(function(e){r.sha256_email_address=e})}();return i&&i.then?i.then(e):e()},function(e){console.warn("google conversion event failed",e)});return a&&a.then?a.then(t):t()})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},slateAmplitude=require(18),_require=require(72),getMorgioniProps=_require.getMorgioniProps,_require2=require(59),hash=_require2.hash,membership=require(6),piano=require(57),_require3=require(6),IS_PURCHASING_KEY=_require3.IS_PURCHASING_KEY,isPodcastRid=_require3.isPodcastRid;module.exports=afterCheckout; }, {"6":6,"18":18,"57":57,"59":59,"72":72}]; window.modules["69"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var profileFrame,sendUserDataToProfileFrame=function(){try{return Promise.resolve(piano.getExtendedUserData("attribution-menu")).then(function(e){profileFrame.source.postMessage({userData:e},profileFrame.origin)})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},slateAmplitude=require(18),_require=require(72),getMorgioniProps=_require.getMorgioniProps,setMorgioniProps=_require.setMorgioniProps,cookies=require(40),piano=require(57),_require2=require(71),getRedirectUrl=_require2.getRedirectUrl,redirectToSpotify=_require2.redirectToSpotify,_require3=require(73),coordinateHeights=_require3.coordinateHeights;function init(){var e=window.tp;e.experience.init(),e.amplitude=slateAmplitude,e.morgioni={getMorgioniProps:getMorgioniProps,setMorgioniProps:setMorgioniProps},e.injectRunJs=function(e,i,o){var r="/piano/scripts/run-js/"+(e=e.replace(/\.js$/,""))+".js";document.querySelector("script[src*='"+r+"']")||slateGlobal.injectScript(r,i,o)},e.fireAmplitude=function(i,o){void 0===o&&(o={}),e.morgioni.setMorgioniProps();var r=e.morgioni.getMorgioniProps(),n=Object.assign({},r,o);slateAmplitude.track(i,n)},e.redirectToSpotify=redirectToSpotify,"/sign-in"===location.pathname||0===location.pathname.indexOf("/_pages/ckcwddy7w0000fhnb8lirc5ip")?signInExperience():"/create-account"!==location.pathname&&0!==location.pathname.indexOf("/_pages/ckd7owq8k00hp0mnbelmdx0lm")||createAccountExperience(),e.pianoId.isUserValid()||"/account/podcasts"!==location.pathname||addNoAccessClass(),e.pianoId.init({loggedOut:function(e){[".local.dev.slate.com",".dev.slate.com",".stage.slate.com",".slate.com"].forEach(function(e){["__utp","splus","show_slugs","sp_secure_id","coral_secure_login_token"].forEach(function(i){cookies.remove(i,{domain:e})})})},profileUpdate:function(){sendUserDataToProfileFrame()}})}function addNoAccessClass(){document.body.classList.add("js-podcast-feed--no-access")}function renderScreen(e){window.tp.pianoId.show({displayMode:"inline",screen:e,containerSelector:"#createAccountOrSignIn"})}function signInExperience(){window.tp.pianoId.getUser()?location.href=getRedirectUrl()||"/":renderScreen("login")}function createAccountExperience(){window.tp.pianoId.getUser()?location.href=getRedirectUrl()||"/account":renderScreen("register")}var accountEl=document.querySelector("#account");accountEl&&window.addEventListener("message",function(e){!e.data.profileReady||null===e.origin.match(/\bpiano\.io$/)&&null===e.origin.match(/\btinypass\.com$/)||(profileFrame={source:e.source,origin:e.origin},sendUserDataToProfileFrame())}),coordinateHeights(),module.exports=init; }, {"18":18,"40":40,"57":57,"71":71,"72":72,"73":73}]; window.modules["70"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(e,r){try{var t=e()}catch(e){return r(e)}return t&&t.then?t.then(void 0,r):t}var loginSuccessHandler=function(e){try{return Promise.resolve(membership.updateUser()).then(function(){var r=!1;function t(t){return r?t:(slateAmplitude.track("Account: Sign 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{"6":6,"18":18,"56":56,"57":57,"71":71,"74":74,"75":75}]; window.modules["71"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(e,t){try{var r=e()}catch(e){return t(e)}return r&&r.then?r.then(void 0,t):r}var getSpotifyFeedUrls=function(){try{var e=function(e){if(t)return e;for(var r=[],o=0;o<n.length;o++)if(n[o].desktop_schemes&&n[o].desktop_schemes.length)for(var i=n[o].desktop_schemes,s=0;s<i.length;s++)"Spotify"===i[s]._name&&r.push(i[s]._url);return r},t=!1,r=document.documentElement.dataset.myslateurl||"https://my.slate.com",o=new URL(r);o.pathname="membership/setup_feeds/";var n,i=o.href,s=_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(fetch(i,{method:"GET",credentials:"include",headers:{Accept:"application/json"}}).then(function(e){return e.json()})).then(function(e){n=e})},function(e){throw Error("Error getting user feeds from Supporting Cast: "+e)});return Promise.resolve(s&&s.then?s.then(e):e(s))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},redirectToSpotify=function(e){void 0===e&&(e="/account/podcasts");try{var t=function(e){if(r)return e;location.href=o},r=!1;if(!window.confirm('You\'re about to be redirected to Spotify. Click "OK" to proceed. Click "Cancel" to sign in as another user.'))return window.tp.pianoId.logout(),location.href="/sign-in",Promise.resolve();var o=e,n=_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(getSpotifyFeedUrls()).then(function(e){if(!e.length)throw new Error("No Spotify feed URLs retrieved from MySlate");o=e[0]})},function(e){console.error(e)});return Promise.resolve(n&&n.then?n.then(t):t(n))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},_require=require(26),hasParam=_require.hasParam;function isValidOrigin(e){var t=new URL(e).origin;return["spotify.com","slate.com"].some(function(e){return t==="https://"+e||t.endsWith("."+e)})}function getRedirectUrl(){var e=new URL(location.href).searchParams.get("redirect_uri");if(e)return isValidOrigin(e)?e:"/"}function isSpotifyPlus(){return"/spotify-plus"===location.pathname||"/_pages/ckw5hrtr4000pz3m9pdlxohl1.html"===location.pathame||hasParam(location.href,"spotify")}module.exports={getRedirectUrl:getRedirectUrl,isSpotifyPlus:isSpotifyPlus,redirectToSpotify:redirectToSpotify}; }, {"26":26}]; window.modules["72"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var STORAGE_KEY="morgioni",PARAM_NAMES=["utm_medium","utm_campaign","utm_content","utm_source"];function setMorgioniProps(){if(location.search){var o=new URLSearchParams(location.search).get("redirect_uri"),r={};if(o)for(var e=new URLSearchParams(o),t=0,i=Array.from(e);t<i.length;t++){var s=i[t],n=s[0],a=s[1];a&&PARAM_NAMES.includes(n)&&(r[n]=a)}if(Object.keys(r).length>0){var c=Object.assign({},getMorgioniProps(),r);try{localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY,JSON.stringify(c))}catch(o){console.error("failed to store event props",o)}}}}function getMorgioniProps(){try{return JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY))||void 0}catch(o){console.error("failed to access event props",o)}}function removeMorgioniProps(){localStorage.removeItem(STORAGE_KEY)}module.exports={getMorgioniProps:getMorgioniProps,setMorgioniProps:setMorgioniProps,removeMorgioniProps:removeMorgioniProps}; }, {}]; window.modules["73"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";module.exports.coordinateHeights=function(){var e,t,i=[],a=!1;function n(){i=i.sort(function(e,t){return t.height-e.height}),e=i[0],r(i,e.height)}function r(t,i){t.forEach(function(t){var a={offerCard:!0,isTallest:t.uid===e.uid,height:i,uid:t.uid};t.source.postMessage(a,t.origin)})}window.addEventListener("message",function(s){var u,d;s.data.offerCard&&(s.data.isResize&&i.length?r(i,s.data.height):(t=performance.now(),s.data.source=s.source,s.data.origin=s.origin,i.push(s.data),a||e||(a=!0,u=n,d=setInterval(function(){performance.now()-t>o&&(clearInterval(d),u(d))},o))))});var o=1e3}; }, {}]; window.modules["74"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function loadRecaptcha(){return new Promise(function(e,t){slateGlobal.injectScript("https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LeXl6gZAAAAADIqQtfiQY8WxxgvnbZIbQV2SjHB",function(t){return function(e,t){t(!0)}(0,e)},function(e){return function(e,t){t(new Error("Error loading script "+e.target.src))}(e,t)})})}function executeRecaptcha(){return new Promise(function(e,t){window.grecaptcha.ready(function(){window.grecaptcha.execute("6LeXl6gZAAAAADIqQtfiQY8WxxgvnbZIbQV2SjHB").then(function(t){e(t)}).catch(function(e){return t(e)})})})}module.exports.loadRecaptcha=loadRecaptcha,module.exports.executeRecaptcha=executeRecaptcha; }, {}]; window.modules["75"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function track(e,t,o,n){if(void 0===o&&(o={}),!e||!e.length)throw new Error("eventName is required. Got "+e);if(e.length>255)throw new Error("eventName must be shorter than 255 characters. Got "+e);var r=new URL(document.location.protocol+"//"+document.location.hostname);if(r.pathname="analytics",r.searchParams.set("eventName",encodeURIComponent(e)),t){if("object"!=typeof t)throw new Error("eventData must be an object. Got "+t);r.searchParams.set("eventData",encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(t)))}return n||(n=Function.prototype),fetch(r).then(n)}module.exports.track=track; }, {}]; window.modules["76"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _require=require(26),toUrl=_require.toUrl,_require2=require(18),afterPageview=_require2.afterPageview,hasParams=location.search.includes("support_journalism");if(hasParams){var thisUrl=toUrl(location.href);thisUrl.searchParams.delete("support_journalism"),thisUrl.searchParams.delete("pay"),history.replaceState(null,"",thisUrl.href)}exports.hasParams=function(){return hasParams},exports.setParams=function(){return Promise.resolve(afterPageview).then(function(){history.replaceState(null,"",toUrl(location.href,{pay:Date.now(),support_journalism:"please"}).href)})}; }, {"18":18,"26":26}]; window.modules["80"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";module.exports.track=function(e,t,r){try{var a,i=Object.assign({},null==(a=window.slatePermutiveData)?void 0:a.page,t);i.article&&i.article.gsChannels&&delete i.article.gsChannels,window.permutive&&window.permutive.track(e,i,r)}catch(e){console.error("failed to log permutive",e)}}; }, {}]; window.modules["81"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var STORAGE_KEY="promoline-testing",_require=require(26),toUrl=_require.toUrl;function getStorageValuePrefix(e){return toUrl(e).pathname}var storedValue=localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY);if(storedValue){var prefix=getStorageValuePrefix(location.href);storedValue=0===storedValue.indexOf(prefix)?storedValue.slice(prefix.length):"",localStorage.removeItem(STORAGE_KEY)}function storePromoLineVariant(e,r){try{localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY,getStorageValuePrefix(r)+e)}catch(e){console.warn("failed to store promo line testing candidate",e)}}exports.trackExperimentalPromolines=function(e){var r=e.querySelector("[data-promoline-variant]:not([hidden])"),t=null==r?void 0:r.closest("a[href]");if(t){var o=function(e){storePromoLineVariant(r.innerText,t.href)};t.addEventListener("click",o),t.addEventListener("contextmenu",o),t.addEventListener("touchstart",o,{passive:!0})}},exports.retrieveExperimentalPromoline=function(){return storedValue}; }, {"26":26}]; window.modules["83"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.getCurrentBatch=getCurrentBatch;var adService=require("ads.legacy"),_require=require(111),displayForPlus=_require.displayForPlus;function getCurrentBatch(e,r){var t=[];return e.forEach(function(e){e.isIntersecting&&(t.push(e.target),r.unobserve(e.target))}),t.map(createAd).filter(displayForPlus)}function createAd(e){return adService.createAd(e)} }, {"111":111,"ads.legacy":"ads.legacy"}]; window.modules["84"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.isBiddingEnabled=isBiddingEnabled;var 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[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _require=require(884),isElementInViewport=_require.isElementInViewport,_require2=require(885),isElementNotHidden=_require2.isElementNotHidden,_throttle=require(91),sticky="ad--sticky-desktop",hide="ad--sticky-hide",time=3e3,leaderboard=document.querySelector(".top-ad"),taboola=document.querySelector(".taboola-recirc"),leaderboardIds=["leaderboard-1","leaderboard-tablet-1"],throttledAvoidTaboola=_throttle(avoidTaboola,200),refresh=!1,isLeaderboardSticky=!1;function avoidTaboola(){isLeaderboardSticky&&isElementNotHidden(taboola)&&(leaderboard.getBoundingClientRect().bottom>taboola.getBoundingClientRect().top&&done(0))}function unstick(e){var t=e.slot.getSlotElementId();leaderboardIds.includes(t)&&isLeaderboardSticky&&setTimeout(function(){leaderboard.classList.add(hide),done(1e3)},time)}function stick(e){var t=e.slot.getSlotElementId();document.querySelector("#"+t);leaderboardIds.includes(t)&&(refresh||(refresh=!0,isLeaderboardSticky=!0,leaderboard.classList.add(sticky),window.addEventListener("scroll",throttledAvoidTaboola)))}function done(e){setTimeout(function(){leaderboard.classList.remove(hide),leaderboard.classList.remove(sticky),isLeaderboardSticky=!1,window.removeEventListener("scroll",throttledAvoidTaboola)},e)}module.exports.enableStickyLeaderboard=function(){window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){var e=googletag.pubads();e.addEventListener("slotOnload",function(e){return stick(e)}),e.addEventListener("impressionViewable",function(e){return unstick(e)})})}; }, {"91":91,"884":884,"885":885}]; window.modules["87"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var STORAGE_KEY="via",DELIMITER="_";function store(e){if(e.length){pageType&&e.unshift(pageType);var t=e.join(DELIMITER);try{sessionStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY,t)}catch(e){console.warn("failed to store via",e)}}else sessionStorage.removeItem(STORAGE_KEY)}exports.retrieve=function(){try{var e=sessionStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY);return sessionStorage.removeItem(STORAGE_KEY),e}catch(e){console.warn("failed to retrieve via",e)}};var pageType,PREFIXES={article:"article",homepage:"homepage","vertical front":"section","rubric front":"rubric"};function collectVias(e){var t=e.target;if(t.closest("a[href],form[action]")){var a=[];for(t=t.closest("[data-via]");t;)a.push(t.dataset.via),t=t.parentElement.closest("[data-via]");store(a)}}exports.setPageType=function(e){pageType=PREFIXES[e]},document.documentElement.addEventListener("click",collectVias),document.documentElement.addEventListener("submit",collectVias); }, {}]; window.modules["88"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var visitStart=!1;function isVisitStart(){try{return window.sessionStorage.getItem("visitstarted")||(window.sessionStorage.setItem("visitstarted","1"),visitStart=!0),visitStart}catch(t){console.error(t)}}module.exports.isVisitStart=isVisitStart; }, {}]; window.modules["89"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var TWA_PROTOCOL="android-app:",KEY_IS_TWA="isTrustedWebActivity",ANDROID_QUERY_PARAM="android-app",PACKAGE_NAME="com.wapo.slate.android";function isTrustedWebActivity(){var r=document.referrer&&document.referrer.trim()||"";if(0===r.length)return!1;var e=new URL(r);return e.protocol===TWA_PROTOCOL&&(e.hostname===PACKAGE_NAME||0===e.pathname.indexOf("//"+PACKAGE_NAME))}function hasAndroidSearchParam(){return!!location.search&&"1"===new URLSearchParams(location.search).get(ANDROID_QUERY_PARAM)}function isAndroidSession(){if("Y"===sessionStorage.getItem(KEY_IS_TWA))return!0;var r=isTrustedWebActivity()||hasAndroidSearchParam();return r&&sessionStorage.setItem(KEY_IS_TWA,"Y"),r}module.exports.isAndroidSession=isAndroidSession; }, {}]; window.modules["90"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var abStringRe=new RegExp("^([0-9]+)_([0-9]+)$");function parseAbTestString(e){return abStringRe.exec(e)}function isValidAbTestString(e){return!!parseAbTestString(e)}module.exports.parseAbTestString=parseAbTestString,module.exports.isValidAbTestString=isValidAbTestString; }, {}]; window.modules["91"] = [function(require,module,exports){var debounce=require(60),isObject=require(600),FUNC_ERROR_TEXT="Expected a function";function throttle(e,i,t){var n=!0,r=!0;if("function"!=typeof e)throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);return isObject(t)&&(n="leading"in t?!!t.leading:n,r="trailing"in t?!!t.trailing:r),debounce(e,i,{leading:n,maxWait:i,trailing:r})}module.exports=throttle; }, {"60":60,"600":600}]; window.modules["92"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var Cookies=require(40),_require=require(88),isVisitStart=_require.isVisitStart,VISIT_COOKIE_NAME="slatevisits",MONTHLY_VISIT_COOKIE_NAME="slatevisitsmon";function cookieSettings(t){var i={domain:document.documentElement.dataset.trackingdomain,secure:!0,SameSite:"Strict"};return t?Object.assign(t,i):i}function setTotalVisits(t){Cookies.set(VISIT_COOKIE_NAME,t,cookieSettings({expires:1825}))}function setMonthlyVisits(t){Cookies.set(MONTHLY_VISIT_COOKIE_NAME,t,cookieSettings({expires:30}))}function getTotalVisits(){return Cookies.get(VISIT_COOKIE_NAME)}function getMonthlyVisits(){return Cookies.get(MONTHLY_VISIT_COOKIE_NAME)}function incrementVisitCookies(){var t=getTotalVisits();setTotalVisits(t=t?parseInt(t)+1:1);var i=Cookies.get(MONTHLY_VISIT_COOKIE_NAME);setMonthlyVisits(i=i?parseInt(i)+1:1)}function getVisitCounts(){return isVisitStart()&&incrementVisitCookies(),{totalVisits:getTotalVisits()||"1",monthlyVisits:getMonthlyVisits()||"1"}}module.exports.getVisitCounts=getVisitCounts; }, {"40":40,"88":88}]; window.modules["93"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _once=require(94),slateAmplitude=require(18);function cb(e,t){void 0===t&&(t=!1);for(var n=window.webVitals,i=n.onCLS,r=n.onLCP,a=n.onINP,o={},c={CLS:["largestShiftTarget","largestShiftTime","largestShiftValue","largestShiftEntry","largestShiftSource","loadState"],INP:["interactionTarget","interactionTime","interactionType","loadState"],LCP:["element","elementRenderDelay","url","timeToFirstByte","resourceLoadDelay","resourceLoadDuration","lcpResourceEntry"]},l=0,s=[i,r,a];l<s.length;l++){(0,s[l])(function(e){t&&console.debug("%cWeb Vitals: "+e.name,"background-color: mediumSeaGreen; color: white; padding: 2px 4px; border-radius: 2px;",JSON.stringify(e)),o[e.name]=e.value,o[e.name+"_rating"]=e.rating;var n=c[e.name];n&&n.forEach(function(t){o[e.name+"_"+t]=e.attribution[t]}),"INP"===e.name&&"GOOD"!==e.rating&&u(o,e),o.Load_event=d()})}var u=function(e,t){if(t.attribution.longAnimationFrameEntries.length){var n=t.attribution.longAnimationFrameEntries.sort(function(e,t){return t.blockingDuration-e.blockingDuration})[0];if(n.scripts.length){var i=n.scripts.toSorted(function(e,t){return t.duration-e.duration})[0];e[t.name+"_scriptUrl"]=i.sourceURL,e[t.name+"_invoker"]=i.invoker,e[t.name+"_invokerType"]=i.invokerType}}},d=function(){return Math.round(performance.getEntriesByType("navigation")[0].loadEventStart)},g=_once(function(){var t=Object.assign({},o,{version:e});slateAmplitude.track("web_vitals",t)});addEventListener("visibilitychange",function(){"hidden"===document.visibilityState&&g()}),addEventListener("pagehide",g)}module.exports.track=function(e){var t=e.dataset,n=t.version,i=t.webVitalsSampling,r=t.webVitalsUrl,a=function(e,t){slateGlobal.injectScript(r,function(){return cb(e,t)})};"true"!==new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("vitals_debug")?Math.random()>parseFloat(i)||a(n):a(n,!0)}; }, {"18":18,"94":94}]; window.modules["94"] = [function(require,module,exports){var before=require(718);function once(e){return before(2,e)}module.exports=once; }, {"718":718}]; window.modules["107"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use 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r=index(e.prebidSizes[t],e);i.push(r)}(prebidTest.isBidderEnabled(e.id,"taboola")&&i.push(taboola(e)),triplelift.inventoryCodes[e.type]&&i.push(tripleliftBidder(e)),isConcertAdAllowed(e.type)&&i.push(concert(e)),kargo.placementIds[e.type]&&prebidTest.isBidderEnabled(e.id,"kargo"))&&("mob-adhesion"===e.type&&adData.isRefreshing||i.push(kargoBidder(e)));return criteo.zoneIds[e.type]&&prebidTest.isBidderEnabled(e.id,"criteo")&&i.push(criteoBidder()),i.push(ttd(e)),isTeadsAllowed(e.type)&&i.push(teads()),i}function createApsAdUnit(e){var i={};"mob-adhesion"===e.type&&(i.ggProduct="inScreen");var t={slotID:e.id,slotName:e.adUnit};return amazon.oustreamRubrics.includes(getAdNode())&&slotSupportsOutstream(e.type)?(t.mediaType="multi-format",t.multiFormatProperties={display:{sizes:amazon.displaySizes[e.type]},video:{sizes:amazon.videoSize}}):(t.sizes=amazon.displaySizes[e.type],t.slotParams=i),t}function 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i=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];function t(){window.dataLayer.push(arguments)}return i.parentNode.insertBefore(n,i),window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[],t("js",new Date),t("config","AW-794295919",{allow_enhanced_conversions:!0}),window.gtag=t,!0},updateConsentFunc:function(e){e?window.gtag||window.nonIabVendorApi.vendors["google-tag-manager-marketing"].initFunc(e):window.gtag=void 0}}),initCriteo())}; }, {"3":3,"4":4,"5":5}]; window.modules["slate-ad-aps.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var syncEmailWithAps=function(){try{var e=membership.getUserEmail();return e?Promise.resolve(hash(e,"hex")).then(function(e){e&&(null==window.apstag.rpa||window.apstag.rpa({hashedRecords:[{type:"email",record:e}]}))}):Promise.resolve()}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},membership=require(6),_require=require(59),hash=_require.hash;try{window.__uspapi("getUSPData",1,function(e,r){var t={si_section:getApsSection()};r&&(t.us_privacy=e.uspString),window.slateCMP.TCF.ready.then(function(){window.apstag&&window.apstag.init({pubID:"3075",adServer:"googletag",params:t,deals:!0,gdpr:{cmpTimeout:200}}),syncEmailWithAps()})})}catch(e){console.warn("__uspapi failed",e)}function getApsSection(){var e=document.querySelector("div[data-adnode]"),r="";return e&&(r=e.getAttribute("data-adnode")),r.replace("/"," ").replace(/_/g," ")} }, {"6":6,"59":59}]; window.modules["global-footer.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var onboarding=require(42);module.exports=function(i){onboarding.init()}; }, {"42":42}]; window.modules["piano-mount.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _debounce=require(60),_require=require(50),isSlatePianoEvent=_require.isSlatePianoEvent,pianoInitPromise=_require.pianoInitPromise,LOADING_CLASS="piano-mount--loading",ERROR_CLASS="piano-mount--error";function waitForPiano(e){e.classList.add(LOADING_CLASS);var i=function(e){isSlatePianoEvent(e)&&n()},n=_debounce(function(){e.classList.remove(LOADING_CLASS,ERROR_CLASS),window.removeEventListener("message",i),clearTimeout(o)},200);window.addEventListener("message",i);var o=setTimeout(function(){e.classList.remove(LOADING_CLASS),e.classList.add(ERROR_CLASS)},3e4)}module.exports=function(e){pianoInitPromise.then(function(){waitForPiano(e)}).catch(function(i){e.classList.add(ERROR_CLASS),e.querySelector(".piano-mount__error-message").textContent="You will need to relax strict tracking protection in your browser to continue."})}; }, {"50":50,"60":60}]; window.modules["masthead.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var menu,membership=require(6),dropdown=require(49),initializeThemePicker=require(51),_require=require(50),isSlatePianoEvent=_require.isSlatePianoEvent;function toggleMenu(e){(menu=menu||e.target.closest(".menu")).classList.toggle("menu--open"),document.documentElement.classList.toggle("menu-open",menu.classList.contains("menu--open"))}function addRedirectParam(e){var t=new URL(location.href).searchParams.get("redirect_uri"),r=new URL(e.currentTarget.href),n=t||location.href;r.searchParams.set("redirect_uri",n),e.currentTarget.href=r.toString()}function injectPianoVariables(e,t){var r,n=t.desktopMastheadText,i=t.desktopMastheadUrl,a=t.mobileMastheadText,o=t.mobileMastheadUrl,s=t.iconUrl;(r=e.querySelector(".js-account--subscribe"))&&(r.hidden=!1),(r=e.querySelector("[data-piano-href='desktopMastheadUrl']"))&&(r.href=i),(r=e.querySelector("[data-piano-href='mobileMastheadUrl']"))&&(r.href=o),(r=e.querySelector("[data-piano-html='desktopMastheadText']"))&&r.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","<span>"+n+"</span>"),(r=e.querySelector("[data-piano-icon-href='iconUrl']"))&&r.setAttribute("href",s),(r=e.querySelector("[data-piano-html='mobileMastheadText']"))&&(r.textContent=a)}function getVisibleSelectors(){return{signedOut:["mobile-subscribe","sign-in"],signedIn:["mobile-subscribe","account","sign-out"]}[membership.isLoggedIn()?"signedIn":"signedOut"]}module.exports=function(e){for(var t=getVisibleSelectors(),r=0;r<t.length;r++){var n=".js-account--"+t[r];document.querySelectorAll(n).forEach(function(e){return e.hidden=!1})}e.querySelectorAll(".js-toggle-menu").forEach(function(e){e.addEventListener("click",toggleMenu)}),e.querySelectorAll(".js-redirect-return").forEach(function(e){e.addEventListener("click",addRedirectParam)}),dropdown(e),initializeThemePicker(e);window.addEventListener("pianoResponseVariables",function t(r){var n=r.detail.responseVariables;n.masthead&&(injectPianoVariables(e,n),window.removeEventListener("pianoResponseVariables",t))}),window.addEventListener("message",function(e){if(isSlatePianoEvent(e)&&"redirect"===e.data.type){var t=e.data.path,r=document.location.href,n=new URL(t,window.location.origin);n.searchParams.append("redirect_uri",r),window.location.href=n}})}; }, {"6":6,"49":49,"50":50,"51":51}]; window.modules["slate-analytics-js.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(e,t){try{var i=e()}catch(e){return t(e)}return i&&i.then?i.then(void 0,t):i}var logUserProperties=function(e){try{var t={};return setABUserProp(t),Promise.resolve(setMemberStatusUserProp(t)).then(function(){setUserLoginId(t),setAndroidAppUserProp(t);var i=new e.Identify;for(var r in t)i.set(r,t[r]);return e.identify(i)})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},setMemberStatusUserProp=function(e){return Promise.resolve(getUserMembershipType()).then(function(t){t&&(e.plan=t)})},logPageView=function(e,t){try{var i=slateAmplitude.getDomEventData(t),r=new URLSearchParams(location.search),o=via.retrieve();return o&&r.set("via",o),i.search="?"+r.toString(),i.amplitude_id=e.getDeviceId()?e.getDeviceId():"no options - no deviceId",i.farejumper=castAsAmplitudeBool(supportJournalism.hasParams()),i.viewportWidth=document.documentElement.clientWidth,i.layoutBreakpoint=getLayoutBreakpoint(i.viewportWidth),i.colorScheme=localStorage.getItem("theme"),i.androidApp=castAsAmplitudeBool(isAndroidSession()),Promise.resolve(getUserMembershipType()).then(function(e){i.plan=e,loginId&&(i.signed_in_uuid=loginId),i.chumbox_loaded=castAsAmplitudeBool(isChumBoxLoaded()),i.taboola_eligible=castAsAmplitudeBool(isTaboolaEligible()),i.visitstart=castAsAmplitudeBool(isVisitStart());var t=getVisitCounts();return i.Nth_visit=t.totalVisits,i.Nth_monthly_visit=t.monthlyVisits,Promise.resolve(adblockDetection.getValue()).then(function(t){var r=t[0],o=t[1];i.adBlocker="boolean"==typeof r?castAsAmplitudeBool(r):"UNKNOWN",i.adBlockerDelay=o,getAffiliateLinks().length>0&&(i["Affiliate Link"]="✅"),findComponent("product")&&(i["Product Component"]="✅");var n=findComponent("newsletter-signup");i["Includes Newsletter Signup"]=castAsAmplitudeBool(n),n&&(i["Newsletter Signup Placement"]="In Content");var s=findComponent("slate-plus-button");if(s){var a=s.querySelector(".slate-plus-button__basic");a&&(i["Slate Plus Button Component"]=a.innerText)}var l=!e&&findComponent("slate-roadblock");i["Includes Slate Plus Roadblock"]=castAsAmplitudeBool(l),findComponent("header-promo")&&(i["Includes Header Promo"]="TRUE"),i.referrer=document.referrer;var u=promolineTesting.retrieveExperimentalPromoline();u&&(i.experimental_promoline=u),slateAmplitude.page(i)})})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},getUserMembershipType=function(){try{var e,t=function(){if(e){var t=membership.getMembershipType(),i=_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(getExtendedUserData("MyAccountFields")).then(function(e){getCustomFieldValue(e,"is_staff")&&(t+="|staff")})},function(){console.error("Error getting extended User data")});return i&&i.then?i.then(function(){return t}):t}},i=_catch(function(){return 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0!==window._taboola.registered}function isTaboolaEligible(){return void 0!==window._taboola}var getAffiliateLinks=_once(function(){for(var e=[],t=document.body.querySelectorAll('a[href*="amazon"]'),i=0;i<t.length;i++){var r=t[i];-1===new URL(r.href).host.indexOf("amazon")||r.matches(".product a")||e.push(r)}return e});function isChumBoxLoaded(){return isTaboolaLoaded()||!!document.querySelector(".outbrain-widget")}function trackAffiliateLinks(){getAffiliateLinks().forEach(function(e){e.addEventListener("click",function(e){slateAmplitude.track("Click - Affiliate Link")})})}function findComponent(e){var t=document.body.querySelector("."+e);if(t){var i=t.dataset.uri;if(i&&i.split("/")[2]===e)return t}}function getLayoutBreakpoint(e){for(var t=[["sm",320],["md",768],["lg",1024],["xl",1440]],i=t.length;i--;)if(e>=t[i][1])return t[i][0];return t[0][0]}function setUserLoginId(e){loginId&&(e.signed_in_uuid=loginId)}function setABUserProp(e){var t=Cookies.get("AB");e.abTest=isValidAbTestString(t)?t:"0"}function setAndroidAppUserProp(e){var t=isAndroidSession();t&&(e.androidUser=t)}function trackEndOfArticle(){var e=document.querySelector(".slate-paragraph--tombstone");if(e){var t=_once(function(){slateAmplitude.track("Completed article"),slatePermutive.track("ArticleCompletion"),document.removeEventListener("scroll",i)}),i=_throttle(function(){var i,r="scrollY"in window?window.scrollY:window.pageYOffset;!("none"===(null==(i=getComputedStyle(null==e?void 0:e.parentElement))?void 0:i.display))&&e.offsetTop+e.offsetHeight<=r+window.innerHeight&&t()},300);document.addEventListener("scroll",i)}}module.exports=function(e){window.slateAmplitudeQueue.push(function(t){trackAffiliateLinks(),trackEndOfArticle(),webVitals.track(e),logPageView(t,e),logUserProperties(t),via.setPageType(e.dataset.pagetype)})}; }, {"6":6,"18":18,"40":40,"57":57,"67":67,"76":76,"80":80,"81":81,"87":87,"88":88,"89":89,"90":90,"91":91,"92":92,"93":93,"94":94}]; window.modules["social-share.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _require=require(32),setupSocialShareComponentButtons=_require.setupSocialShareComponentButtons;module.exports=function(e){try{var r=e.querySelectorAll(".js-share-link"),t=e.querySelector(".js-web-share-link");return setupSocialShareComponentButtons("social-share",t,r),Promise.resolve()}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}}; }, {"32":32}]; window.modules["in-article-recirc.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function getOriginalReferenceNode(e){return e.parentNode.querySelector(".slate-paragraph, .partner-branding")}function getOverrideReferenceNode(e){for(var n=0,t=e.parentNode.children.length,i=e.parentNode.firstElementChild,r=0;r<t;r++){var d=window.getComputedStyle(i);if(i.matches("p.slate-paragraph, div.ad")&&"none"!==d.display&&n++,i=i.nextElementSibling,2===n)break}return i}function updatePosition(e){var n=!window.matchMedia("(min-width: 1024px)").matches,t=e.parentNode;if(!n){var i=getOriginalReferenceNode(e);return t.insertBefore(e,i),void(e.hidden=!1)}var r=getOverrideReferenceNode(e);r?(t.insertBefore(e,r),e.hidden=!1):e.hidden=n}module.exports=function(e){var n=e.nextElementSibling,t=getOriginalReferenceNode(e);n&&n===t&&(updatePosition(e),[320,768,1024,1440].forEach(function(n){window.matchMedia("(min-width: "+n+"px)").addEventListener(function(n){setTimeout(function(){updatePosition(e)})})}))}; }, {}]; window.modules["newsletter-signup.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(e,r){try{var t=e()}catch(e){return r(e)}return t&&t.then?t.then(void 0,r):t}var darkMode=require(27),newsletters=require(56),_require=require(26),toUrl=_require.toUrl,_require2=require(55),loadTurnstile=_require2.loadTurnstile,executeTurnstile=_require2.executeTurnstile,_require3=require(6),getUserEmail=_require3.getUserEmail,io=new IntersectionObserver(function(e){for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++){var 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