sysctl(2) - OpenBSD manual pages

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The information available from <code class="Fn">sysctl</code>() consists of integers, strings, and tables. Information may be retrieved and set using the <a class="Xr" href="/sysctl.8" aria-label="sysctl, section 8">sysctl(8)</a> utility; the variable names used by this utility are given here in parentheses.</p> <p class="Pp" id="sysctl~2">Unless explicitly noted below, <a class="permalink" href="#sysctl~2"><code class="Fn">sysctl</code></a>() returns a consistent snapshot of the data requested. Consistency is obtained by locking the destination buffer into memory so that the data may be copied out without blocking. Calls to <code class="Fn">sysctl</code>() are serialized to avoid deadlock.</p> <p class="Pp">The state is described using a “Management Information Base (MIB)” style name, listed in <var class="Fa">name</var>, which is a <var class="Fa">namelen</var> length array of integers.</p> <p class="Pp">The information is copied into the buffer specified by <var class="Fa">oldp</var>. The size of the buffer is given by the location specified by <var class="Fa">oldlenp</var> before the call, and that location gives the amount of data copied after a successful call. If the amount of data available is greater than the size of the buffer supplied, the call supplies as much data as fits in the buffer provided and returns with the error code <code class="Er">ENOMEM</code>. If the old value is not desired, <var class="Fa">oldp</var> and <var class="Fa">oldlenp</var> should be set to <code class="Dv">NULL</code>.</p> <p class="Pp" id="sysctl~3">The size of the available data can be determined by calling <a class="permalink" href="#sysctl~3"><code class="Fn">sysctl</code></a>() with a <code class="Dv">NULL</code> parameter for <var class="Fa">oldp</var>. The size of the available data will be returned in the location pointed to by <var class="Fa">oldlenp</var>. For some operations, the amount of space may change often. For these operations, the system attempts to round up so that the returned size is large enough for a call to return the data shortly thereafter.</p> <p class="Pp">The terminating NUL character is included in the lengths of string values.</p> <p class="Pp">To set a new value, <var class="Fa">newp</var> is set to point to a buffer of length <var class="Fa">newlen</var> from which the requested value is to be taken. If a new value is not to be set, <var class="Fa">newp</var> should be set to <code class="Dv">NULL</code> and <var class="Fa">newlen</var> set to 0.</p> <p class="Pp">The top level names are defined with a <code class="Dv">CTL_</code> prefix in <code class="In"><<a class="In">sys/sysctl.h</a>></code>, and are as follows. The next and subsequent levels down are found in the include files listed here, and described in separate sections below.</p> <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Name"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Name"><b class="Sy">Name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Next"><b class="Sy" id="Next">Next level names</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Description"><b class="Sy" id="Description">Description</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="CTL_DDB"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#CTL_DDB"><code class="Dv">CTL_DDB</code></a></td> <td>ddb/db_var.h</td> <td>Kernel debugger</td> </tr> <tr id="CTL_DEBUG"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#CTL_DEBUG"><code class="Dv">CTL_DEBUG</code></a></td> <td>sys/sysctl.h</td> <td>Debugging</td> </tr> <tr id="CTL_FS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#CTL_FS"><code class="Dv">CTL_FS</code></a></td> <td>sys/sysctl.h</td> <td>File system</td> </tr> <tr id="CTL_HW"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#CTL_HW"><code class="Dv">CTL_HW</code></a></td> <td>sys/sysctl.h</td> <td>Generic CPU, I/O</td> </tr> <tr id="CTL_KERN"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#CTL_KERN"><code class="Dv">CTL_KERN</code></a></td> <td>sys/sysctl.h</td> <td>High kernel limits</td> </tr> <tr id="CTL_MACHDEP"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#CTL_MACHDEP"><code class="Dv">CTL_MACHDEP</code></a></td> <td>sys/sysctl.h</td> <td>Machine dependent</td> </tr> <tr id="CTL_NET"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#CTL_NET"><code class="Dv">CTL_NET</code></a></td> <td>sys/socket.h</td> <td>Networking</td> </tr> <tr id="CTL_VFS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#CTL_VFS"><code class="Dv">CTL_VFS</code></a></td> <td>ufs/ffs/ffs_extern.h</td> <td>Virtual file system</td> </tr> <tr id="CTL_VM"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#CTL_VM"><code class="Dv">CTL_VM</code></a></td> <td>uvm/uvmexp.h</td> <td>Virtual memory</td> </tr> </table> <p class="Pp">For example, the following retrieves the maximum number of processes allowed in the system:</p> <div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li"> <pre>int mib[2], maxproc; size_t len; mib[0] = CTL_KERN; mib[1] = KERN_MAXPROC; len = sizeof(maxproc); if (sysctl(mib, 2, &maxproc, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) err(1, "sysctl");</pre> </div> <section class="Ss"> <h3 class="Ss" id="CTL_DDB~2"><a class="permalink" href="#CTL_DDB~2">CTL_DDB</a></h3> <p class="Pp">Integer information and settable variables are available for the <code class="Dv">CTL_DDB level</code>, as described below. More information is also available in <a class="Xr" href="/ddb.4" aria-label="ddb, section 4">ddb(4)</a>.</p> <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Second"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Second"><b class="Sy">Second level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type"><b class="Sy" id="Type">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="DBCTL_CONSOLE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#DBCTL_CONSOLE"><code class="Dv">DBCTL_CONSOLE</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="DBCTL_LOG"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#DBCTL_LOG"><code class="Dv">DBCTL_LOG</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="DBCTL_MAXLINE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#DBCTL_MAXLINE"><code class="Dv">DBCTL_MAXLINE</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="DBCTL_MAXWIDTH"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#DBCTL_MAXWIDTH"><code class="Dv">DBCTL_MAXWIDTH</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="DBCTL_PANIC"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#DBCTL_PANIC"><code class="Dv">DBCTL_PANIC</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="DBCTL_RADIX"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#DBCTL_RADIX"><code class="Dv">DBCTL_RADIX</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="DBCTL_TABSTOP"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#DBCTL_TABSTOP"><code class="Dv">DBCTL_TABSTOP</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="DBCTL_TRIGGER"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#DBCTL_TRIGGER"><code class="Dv">DBCTL_TRIGGER</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </table> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="DBCTL_CONSOLE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#DBCTL_CONSOLE~2"><code class="Dv">DBCTL_CONSOLE</code></a> (<var class="Va">ddb.console</var>)</dt> <dd>When this variable is set, an architecture dependent magic key sequence on the console or a debugger button will permit entry into the kernel debugger. When running with a <a class="Xr" href="/securelevel.7" aria-label="securelevel, section 7">securelevel(7)</a> greater than 0, this variable may not be raised.</dd> <dt id="DBCTL_LOG~2"><a class="permalink" href="#DBCTL_LOG~2"><code class="Dv">DBCTL_LOG</code></a> (<var class="Va">ddb.log</var>)</dt> <dd>When set, ddb output is also logged in the kernel message buffer.</dd> <dt id="DBCTL_MAXLINE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#DBCTL_MAXLINE~2"><code class="Dv">DBCTL_MAXLINE</code></a> (<var class="Va">ddb.max_line</var>)</dt> <dd>Determines the number of lines to page in <a class="Xr" href="/ddb.4" aria-label="ddb, section 4">ddb(4)</a>. This variable is also available as the ddb <code class="Dv">$lines</code> variable.</dd> <dt id="DBCTL_MAXWIDTH~2"><a class="permalink" href="#DBCTL_MAXWIDTH~2"><code class="Dv">DBCTL_MAXWIDTH</code></a> (<var class="Va">ddb.max_width</var>)</dt> <dd>Determines the maximum width of a line in <a class="Xr" href="/ddb.4" aria-label="ddb, section 4">ddb(4)</a>. This variable is also available as the ddb <code class="Dv">$maxwidth</code> variable.</dd> <dt id="DBCTL_PANIC~2"><a class="permalink" href="#DBCTL_PANIC~2"><code class="Dv">DBCTL_PANIC</code></a> (<var class="Va">ddb.panic</var>)</dt> <dd>When this variable is set, system panics may drop into the kernel debugger. When running with a <a class="Xr" href="/securelevel.7" aria-label="securelevel, section 7">securelevel(7)</a> greater than 0, this variable may not be raised.</dd> <dt id="DBCTL_RADIX~2"><a class="permalink" href="#DBCTL_RADIX~2"><code class="Dv">DBCTL_RADIX</code></a> (<var class="Va">ddb.radix</var>)</dt> <dd>Determines the default radix or base for non-prefixed numbers entered into <a class="Xr" href="/ddb.4" aria-label="ddb, section 4">ddb(4)</a>. This variable is also available as the ddb <code class="Dv">$radix</code> variable.</dd> <dt id="DBCTL_TABSTOP~2"><a class="permalink" href="#DBCTL_TABSTOP~2"><code class="Dv">DBCTL_TABSTOP</code></a> (<var class="Va">ddb.tab_stop_width</var>)</dt> <dd>Width of a tab stop in <a class="Xr" href="/ddb.4" aria-label="ddb, section 4">ddb(4)</a>. This variable is also available as the ddb <code class="Dv">$tabstops</code> variable.</dd> <dt id="DBCTL_TRIGGER~2"><a class="permalink" href="#DBCTL_TRIGGER~2"><code class="Dv">DBCTL_TRIGGER</code></a> (<var class="Va">ddb.trigger</var>)</dt> <dd>When <code class="Dv">DBCTL_CONSOLE</code> is set, writing to <code class="Dv">DBCTL_TRIGGER</code> causes the system to enter <a class="Xr" href="/ddb.4" aria-label="ddb, section 4">ddb(4)</a>. When running with a <a class="Xr" href="/securelevel.7" aria-label="securelevel, section 7">securelevel(7)</a> greater than 0, the process writing to this variable must be running on the console in order to enter <a class="Xr" href="/ddb.4" aria-label="ddb, section 4">ddb(4)</a>.</dd> </dl> </section> <section class="Ss"> <h3 class="Ss" id="CTL_DEBUG~2"><a class="permalink" href="#CTL_DEBUG~2">CTL_DEBUG</a></h3> <p class="Pp">The debugging variables vary from system to system. A debugging variable may be added or deleted without need to recompile <a class="permalink" href="#sysctl~4"><code class="Fn" id="sysctl~4">sysctl</code></a>() to know about it. Each time it runs, <code class="Fn">sysctl</code>() gets the list of debugging variables from the kernel and displays their current values. The system defines twenty <var class="Vt">struct ctldebug</var> variables named <var class="Va">debug0</var> through <var class="Va">debug19</var>. They are declared as separate variables so that they can be individually initialized at the location of their associated variable. The loader prevents multiple use of the same variable by issuing errors if a variable is initialized in more than one place. For example, to export the variable <var class="Va">dospecialcheck</var> as a debugging variable, the following declaration would be used:</p> <div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li"> <pre>int dospecialcheck = 1; struct ctldebug debug5 = { "dospecialcheck", &dospecialcheck };</pre> </div> </section> <section class="Ss"> <h3 class="Ss" id="CTL_FS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#CTL_FS~2">CTL_FS</a></h3> <p class="Pp">The string and integer information available for the <code class="Dv">CTL_FS</code> level is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value.</p> <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Second~2"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Second~2"><b class="Sy">Second level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~2"><b class="Sy" id="Type~2">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~2"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~2">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="FS_POSIX_SETUID"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#FS_POSIX_SETUID"><code class="Dv">FS_POSIX_SETUID</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </table> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="FS_POSIX_SETUID~2"><a class="permalink" href="#FS_POSIX_SETUID~2"><code class="Dv">FS_POSIX_SETUID</code></a> (<var class="Va">fs.posix.setuid</var>)</dt> <dd>When this variable is set, ownership changes on a file will cause the <var class="Va">S_ISUID</var> and <var class="Va">S_ISGID</var> bits to be cleared. When running with a <a class="Xr" href="/securelevel.7" aria-label="securelevel, section 7">securelevel(7)</a> greater than 0, this variable may not be changed.</dd> </dl> </section> <section class="Ss"> <h3 class="Ss" id="CTL_HW~2"><a class="permalink" href="#CTL_HW~2">CTL_HW</a></h3> <p class="Pp">The string and integer information available for the <code class="Dv">CTL_HW</code> level is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value.</p> <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Second~3"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Second~3"><b class="Sy">Second level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~3"><b class="Sy" id="Type~3">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~3"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~3">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="HW_ALLOWPOWERDOWN"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_ALLOWPOWERDOWN"><code class="Dv">HW_ALLOWPOWERDOWN</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_BATTERY"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_BATTERY"><code class="Dv">HW_BATTERY</code></a></td> <td>node</td> <td>not applicable</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_BYTEORDER"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_BYTEORDER"><code class="Dv">HW_BYTEORDER</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_CPUSPEED"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_CPUSPEED"><code class="Dv">HW_CPUSPEED</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_DISKCOUNT"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_DISKCOUNT"><code class="Dv">HW_DISKCOUNT</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_DISKNAMES"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_DISKNAMES"><code class="Dv">HW_DISKNAMES</code></a></td> <td>string</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_DISKSTATS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_DISKSTATS"><code class="Dv">HW_DISKSTATS</code></a></td> <td>struct</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_MACHINE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_MACHINE"><code class="Dv">HW_MACHINE</code></a></td> <td>string</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_MODEL"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_MODEL"><code class="Dv">HW_MODEL</code></a></td> <td>string</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_NCPU"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_NCPU"><code class="Dv">HW_NCPU</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_NCPUFOUND"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_NCPUFOUND"><code class="Dv">HW_NCPUFOUND</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_NCPUONLINE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_NCPUONLINE"><code class="Dv">HW_NCPUONLINE</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_PAGESIZE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_PAGESIZE"><code class="Dv">HW_PAGESIZE</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_PERFPOLICY"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_PERFPOLICY"><code class="Dv">HW_PERFPOLICY</code></a></td> <td>string</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_PHYSMEM"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_PHYSMEM"><code class="Dv">HW_PHYSMEM</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_PHYSMEM64"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_PHYSMEM64"><code class="Dv">HW_PHYSMEM64</code></a></td> <td>int64_t</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_POWER"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_POWER"><code class="Dv">HW_POWER</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_PRODUCT"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_PRODUCT"><code class="Dv">HW_PRODUCT</code></a></td> <td>string</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_SENSORS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_SENSORS"><code class="Dv">HW_SENSORS</code></a></td> <td>node</td> <td>not applicable</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_SETPERF"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_SETPERF"><code class="Dv">HW_SETPERF</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_SMT"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_SMT"><code class="Dv">HW_SMT</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_UCOMNAMES"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_UCOMNAMES"><code class="Dv">HW_UCOMNAMES</code></a></td> <td>string</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_USERMEM"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_USERMEM"><code class="Dv">HW_USERMEM</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_USERMEM64"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_USERMEM64"><code class="Dv">HW_USERMEM64</code></a></td> <td>int64_t</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_UUID"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_UUID"><code class="Dv">HW_UUID</code></a></td> <td>string</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_VENDOR"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_VENDOR"><code class="Dv">HW_VENDOR</code></a></td> <td>string</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_VERSION"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_VERSION"><code class="Dv">HW_VERSION</code></a></td> <td>string</td> <td>no</td> </tr> </table> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="HW_ALLOWPOWERDOWN~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_ALLOWPOWERDOWN~2"><code class="Dv">HW_ALLOWPOWERDOWN</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.allowpowerdown</var>)</dt> <dd>Some machines generate an interrupt when the power button is pressed and a driver can catch that interrupt. When this variable is set, such an event will cause the system to perform a regular shutdown and power off the machine. When running with a <a class="Xr" href="/securelevel.7" aria-label="securelevel, section 7">securelevel(7)</a> greater than 0, this variable may not be changed.</dd> <dt id="HW_BATTERY~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_BATTERY~2"><code class="Dv">HW_BATTERY</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.battery</var>)</dt> <dd>Control battery charging. These are only available on hardware that supports battery charging control. There are three subnodes: <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~4"><b class="Sy" id="Type~4">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~4"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~4">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="HW_BATTERY_CHARGEMODE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_BATTERY_CHARGEMODE"><code class="Dv">HW_BATTERY_CHARGEMODE</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_BATTERY_CHARGESTART"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_BATTERY_CHARGESTART"><code class="Dv">HW_BATTERY_CHARGESTART</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>maybe</td> </tr> <tr id="HW_BATTERY_CHARGESTOP"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#HW_BATTERY_CHARGESTOP"><code class="Dv">HW_BATTERY_CHARGESTOP</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </table> <p class="Pp">Their meanings are as follows:</p> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="HW_BATTERY_CHARGEMODE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_BATTERY_CHARGEMODE~2"><code class="Dv">HW_BATTERY_CHARGEMODE</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.battery.chargemode</var>)</dt> <dd>Control if the battery is charged or discharged. A value of -1 means to (forcibly) discharge the battery. A value of 0 means to inhibit charging the battery. A value of 1 means to charge the battery, subject to the configured limits.</dd> <dt id="HW_BATTERY_CHARGESTART~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_BATTERY_CHARGESTART~2"><code class="Dv">HW_BATTERY_CHARGESTART</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.battery.chargestart</var>)</dt> <dd>The percentage below which the battery will start charging. Not all hardware allows setting this value. On hardware that does not allow setting this value the battery will typically start charging at a fixed percentage point below the value configured through <code class="Dv">HW_BATTERY_CHARGESTOP</code>.</dd> <dt id="HW_BATTERY_CHARGESTOP~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_BATTERY_CHARGESTOP~2"><code class="Dv">HW_BATTERY_CHARGESTOP</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.battery.chargestop</var>)</dt> <dd>The percentage above which the battery will stop charging. Setting the value to 100 will fully charge the battery.</dd> </dl> <p class="Pp">By setting <code class="Dv">HW_BATTERY_CHARGEMODE</code> to 1, and setting both <code class="Dv">HW_BATTERY_CHARGESTART</code> and <code class="Dv">HW_BATTERY_CHARGESTOP</code>, the battery will be kept charged at a percentage between the configured limits.</p> </dd> <dt id="HW_BYTEORDER~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_BYTEORDER~2"><code class="Dv">HW_BYTEORDER</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.byteorder</var>)</dt> <dd>The byteorder (4321 or 1234).</dd> <dt id="HW_CPUSPEED~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_CPUSPEED~2"><code class="Dv">HW_CPUSPEED</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.cpuspeed</var>)</dt> <dd>The current CPU frequency (in MHz).</dd> <dt id="HW_DISKCOUNT~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_DISKCOUNT~2"><code class="Dv">HW_DISKCOUNT</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.diskcount</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of disks currently attached to the system.</dd> <dt id="HW_DISKNAMES~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_DISKNAMES~2"><code class="Dv">HW_DISKNAMES</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.disknames</var>)</dt> <dd>A comma-separated list of disk names.</dd> <dt id="HW_DISKSTATS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_DISKSTATS~2"><code class="Dv">HW_DISKSTATS</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.diskstats</var>)</dt> <dd>An array of <var class="Vt">struct diskstats</var> structures containing disk statistics.</dd> <dt id="HW_MACHINE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_MACHINE~2"><code class="Dv">HW_MACHINE</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.machine</var>)</dt> <dd>The kernel architecture as returned by <a class="Xr" href="/uname.1" aria-label="uname, section 1">uname(1)</a> <code class="Fl">-m</code> and by <a class="Xr" href="/machine.1" aria-label="machine, section 1">machine(1)</a>.</dd> <dt id="HW_MODEL~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_MODEL~2"><code class="Dv">HW_MODEL</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.model</var>)</dt> <dd>The machine model.</dd> <dt id="HW_NCPU~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_NCPU~2"><code class="Dv">HW_NCPU</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.ncpu</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of CPUs configured.</dd> <dt id="HW_NCPUFOUND~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_NCPUFOUND~2"><code class="Dv">HW_NCPUFOUND</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.ncpufound</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of CPUs found.</dd> <dt id="HW_NCPUONLINE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_NCPUONLINE~2"><code class="Dv">HW_NCPUONLINE</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.ncpuonline</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of CPUs online.</dd> <dt id="HW_PAGESIZE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_PAGESIZE~2"><code class="Dv">HW_PAGESIZE</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.pagesize</var>)</dt> <dd>The software page size.</dd> <dt id="HW_PERFPOLICY~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_PERFPOLICY~2"><code class="Dv">HW_PERFPOLICY</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.perfpolicy</var>)</dt> <dd>The performance policy for power management. Can be one of “manual”, “auto”, or “high”. If the policy contains a comma, the second part specifies an alternative policy used while the system is running on battery. The <code class="Nm">sysctl</code> API only exports the currently applicable policy. The default setting is “high,auto”.</dd> <dt id="HW_PHYSMEM~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_PHYSMEM~2"><code class="Dv">HW_PHYSMEM</code></a></dt> <dd>The total physical memory, in bytes. This variable is deprecated; use <code class="Dv">HW_PHYSMEM64</code> instead.</dd> <dt id="HW_PHYSMEM64~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_PHYSMEM64~2"><code class="Dv">HW_PHYSMEM64</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.physmem</var>)</dt> <dd>The total physical memory, in bytes.</dd> <dt id="HW_POWER~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_POWER~2"><code class="Dv">HW_POWER</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.power</var>)</dt> <dd>Machine has wall-power.</dd> <dt id="HW_PRODUCT~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_PRODUCT~2"><code class="Dv">HW_PRODUCT</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.product</var>)</dt> <dd>The product name of the machine.</dd> <dt id="HW_SENSORS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_SENSORS~2"><code class="Dv">HW_SENSORS</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.sensors</var>)</dt> <dd>Third level comprises an array of <var class="Vt">struct sensordev</var> structures containing information about devices that may attach hardware monitoring sensors. <p class="Pp">Third, fourth and fifth levels together comprise an array of <var class="Vt">struct sensor</var> structures containing snapshot readings of hardware monitoring sensors. In such usage, third level indicates the numerical representation of the sensor device name to which the sensor is attached (a device's xname and number are matched with the help of <var class="Vt">struct sensordev</var> structure above), fourth level indicates sensor type and fifth level is an ordinal sensor number (unique to the specified sensor type on the specified sensor device).</p> <p class="Pp" id="sensordev">The <a class="permalink" href="#sensordev"><b class="Sy">sensordev</b></a> and <a class="permalink" href="#sensor"><b class="Sy" id="sensor">sensor</b></a> structures and <a class="permalink" href="#sensor_type"><b class="Sy" id="sensor_type">sensor_type</b></a> enumeration are defined in <code class="In"><<a class="In">sys/sensors.h</a>></code>.</p> </dd> <dt id="HW_SERIALNO"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_SERIALNO"><code class="Dv">HW_SERIALNO</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.serialno</var>)</dt> <dd>The serial number of the machine.</dd> <dt id="HW_SETPERF~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_SETPERF~2"><code class="Dv">HW_SETPERF</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.setperf</var>)</dt> <dd>Current CPU performance (percentage). It is only modifiable if <code class="Dv">HW_PERFPOLICY</code> is set to “manual”.</dd> <dt id="HW_SMT~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_SMT~2"><code class="Dv">HW_SMT</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.smt</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to 1, enable simultaneous multithreading (SMT) on CPUs that support it. Disabled by default.</dd> <dt id="HW_UCOMNAMES~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_UCOMNAMES~2"><code class="Dv">HW_UCOMNAMES</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.ucomnames</var>)</dt> <dd>A comma-separated list of currently attached <a class="Xr" href="/ucom.4" aria-label="ucom, section 4">ucom(4)</a> devices in the following format: <p class="Pp"></p> <div class="Bd Bd-indent"><a class="permalink" href="#ucom"><b class="Sy" id="ucom">ucom</b></a><var class="Ar">N</var>:<a class="permalink" href="#usb"><b class="Sy" id="usb">usb</b></a><var class="Ar">bus.rootport.route.interface</var></div> <p class="Pp">The <var class="Ar">route</var> consists of five hexadecimal digits identifying the path from the root port to the port containing the <var class="Ar">interface</var>.</p> </dd> <dt id="HW_USERMEM~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_USERMEM~2"><code class="Dv">HW_USERMEM</code></a></dt> <dd>The amount of available non-kernel memory in bytes. This variable is deprecated; use <code class="Dv">HW_USERMEM64</code> instead.</dd> <dt id="HW_USERMEM64~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_USERMEM64~2"><code class="Dv">HW_USERMEM64</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.usermem</var>)</dt> <dd>The amount of available non-kernel memory in bytes.</dd> <dt id="HW_UUID~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_UUID~2"><code class="Dv">HW_UUID</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.uuid</var>)</dt> <dd>The universal unique identification number assigned to the machine.</dd> <dt id="HW_VENDOR~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_VENDOR~2"><code class="Dv">HW_VENDOR</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.vendor</var>)</dt> <dd>The vendor name for this machine.</dd> <dt id="HW_VERSION~2"><a class="permalink" href="#HW_VERSION~2"><code class="Dv">HW_VERSION</code></a> (<var class="Va">hw.version</var>)</dt> <dd>The version or revision of this machine.</dd> </dl> </section> <section class="Ss"> <h3 class="Ss" id="CTL_KERN~2"><a class="permalink" href="#CTL_KERN~2">CTL_KERN</a></h3> <p class="Pp">The string and integer information available for the <code class="Dv">CTL_KERN</code> level is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value. The types of data currently available are process information, system vnodes, the open file entries, routing table entries, virtual memory statistics, load average history, and clock rate information.</p> <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Second~4"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Second~4"><b class="Sy">Second level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~5"><b class="Sy" id="Type~5">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~5"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~5">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_ALLOWDT"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_ALLOWDT"><code class="Dv">KERN_ALLOWDT</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_ALLOWKMEM"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_ALLOWKMEM"><code class="Dv">KERN_ALLOWKMEM</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_ARGMAX"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_ARGMAX"><code class="Dv">KERN_ARGMAX</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_AUDIO"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_AUDIO"><code class="Dv">KERN_AUDIO</code></a></td> <td>node</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_BOOTTIME"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_BOOTTIME"><code class="Dv">KERN_BOOTTIME</code></a></td> <td>struct timeval</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_CACHEPCT"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_CACHEPCT"><code class="Dv">KERN_CACHEPCT</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_CCPU"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_CCPU"><code class="Dv">KERN_CCPU</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_CLOCKRATE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_CLOCKRATE"><code class="Dv">KERN_CLOCKRATE</code></a></td> <td>struct clockinfo</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_CONSDEV"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_CONSDEV"><code class="Dv">KERN_CONSDEV</code></a></td> <td>dev_t</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_CPTIME"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_CPTIME"><code class="Dv">KERN_CPTIME</code></a></td> <td>long[CPUSTATES]</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_CPTIME2"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_CPTIME2"><code class="Dv">KERN_CPTIME2</code></a></td> <td>u_int64_t[CPUSTATES]</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_CPUSTATS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_CPUSTATS"><code class="Dv">KERN_CPUSTATS</code></a></td> <td>struct cpustats</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_DOMAINNAME"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_DOMAINNAME"><code class="Dv">KERN_DOMAINNAME</code></a></td> <td>string</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_FILE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_FILE"><code class="Dv">KERN_FILE</code></a></td> <td>struct kinfo_file</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_FORKSTAT"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_FORKSTAT"><code class="Dv">KERN_FORKSTAT</code></a></td> <td>struct forkstat</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_FSCALE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_FSCALE"><code class="Dv">KERN_FSCALE</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_FSYNC"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_FSYNC"><code class="Dv">KERN_FSYNC</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_GLOBAL_PTRACE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_GLOBAL_PTRACE"><code class="Dv">KERN_GLOBAL_PTRACE</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_HOSTID"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_HOSTID"><code class="Dv">KERN_HOSTID</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_HOSTNAME"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_HOSTNAME"><code class="Dv">KERN_HOSTNAME</code></a></td> <td>string</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_INTRCNT"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_INTRCNT"><code class="Dv">KERN_INTRCNT</code></a></td> <td>node</td> <td>not applicable</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_JOB_CONTROL"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_JOB_CONTROL"><code class="Dv">KERN_JOB_CONTROL</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_MALLOCSTATS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MALLOCSTATS"><code class="Dv">KERN_MALLOCSTATS</code></a></td> <td>node</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_MAXCLUSTERS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MAXCLUSTERS"><code class="Dv">KERN_MAXCLUSTERS</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_MAXFILES"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MAXFILES"><code class="Dv">KERN_MAXFILES</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_MAXLOCKSPERUID"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MAXLOCKSPERUID"><code class="Dv">KERN_MAXLOCKSPERUID</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_MAXPARTITIONS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MAXPARTITIONS"><code class="Dv">KERN_MAXPARTITIONS</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_MAXPROC"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MAXPROC"><code class="Dv">KERN_MAXPROC</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_MAXTHREAD"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MAXTHREAD"><code class="Dv">KERN_MAXTHREAD</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_MAXVNODES"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MAXVNODES"><code class="Dv">KERN_MAXVNODES</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_MBSTAT"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MBSTAT"><code class="Dv">KERN_MBSTAT</code></a></td> <td>struct mbstat</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_MSGBUF"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MSGBUF"><code class="Dv">KERN_MSGBUF</code></a></td> <td>char[]</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_MSGBUFSIZE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MSGBUFSIZE"><code class="Dv">KERN_MSGBUFSIZE</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_NCHSTATS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_NCHSTATS"><code class="Dv">KERN_NCHSTATS</code></a></td> <td>struct nchstats</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_NFILES"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_NFILES"><code class="Dv">KERN_NFILES</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_NGROUPS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_NGROUPS"><code class="Dv">KERN_NGROUPS</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_NOSUIDCOREDUMP"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_NOSUIDCOREDUMP"><code class="Dv">KERN_NOSUIDCOREDUMP</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_NPROCS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_NPROCS"><code class="Dv">KERN_NPROCS</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_NTHREADS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_NTHREADS"><code class="Dv">KERN_NTHREADS</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_NUMVNODES"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_NUMVNODES"><code class="Dv">KERN_NUMVNODES</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_OSRELEASE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_OSRELEASE"><code class="Dv">KERN_OSRELEASE</code></a></td> <td>string</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_OSREV"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_OSREV"><code class="Dv">KERN_OSREV</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_OSTYPE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_OSTYPE"><code class="Dv">KERN_OSTYPE</code></a></td> <td>string</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_OSVERSION"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_OSVERSION"><code class="Dv">KERN_OSVERSION</code></a></td> <td>string</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_PFSTATUS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PFSTATUS"><code class="Dv">KERN_PFSTATUS</code></a></td> <td>struct pf_status</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_POOL_DEBUG"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_POOL_DEBUG"><code class="Dv">KERN_POOL_DEBUG</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_POSIX1"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_POSIX1"><code class="Dv">KERN_POSIX1</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_PROC"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC</code></a></td> <td>struct kinfo_proc</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_PROC_ARGS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC_ARGS"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_ARGS</code></a></td> <td>node</td> <td>not applicable</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_PROC_CWD"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC_CWD"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_CWD</code></a></td> <td>string</td> <td>not applicable</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_PROC_NOBROADCASTKILL"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC_NOBROADCASTKILL"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_NOBROADCASTKILL</code></a></td> <td>node</td> <td>not applicable</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_PROC_VMMAP"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC_VMMAP"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_VMMAP</code></a></td> <td>struct kinfo_vmentry</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_PROF"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROF"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROF</code></a></td> <td>node</td> <td>not applicable</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_RAWPARTITION"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_RAWPARTITION"><code class="Dv">KERN_RAWPARTITION</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SAVED_IDS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SAVED_IDS"><code class="Dv">KERN_SAVED_IDS</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SECURELVL"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SECURELVL"><code class="Dv">KERN_SECURELVL</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>raise only</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SEMINFO"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SEMINFO"><code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO</code></a></td> <td>node</td> <td>not applicable</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SHMINFO"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SHMINFO"><code class="Dv">KERN_SHMINFO</code></a></td> <td>node</td> <td>not applicable</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SOMAXCONN"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SOMAXCONN"><code class="Dv">KERN_SOMAXCONN</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SOMINCONN"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SOMINCONN"><code class="Dv">KERN_SOMINCONN</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SPLASSERT"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SPLASSERT"><code class="Dv">KERN_SPLASSERT</code></a></td> <td>int</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_STACKGAPRANDOM"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_STACKGAPRANDOM"><code class="Dv">KERN_STACKGAPRANDOM</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SYSVIPC_INFO"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SYSVIPC_INFO"><code class="Dv">KERN_SYSVIPC_INFO</code></a></td> <td>node</td> <td>not applicable</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SYSVMSG"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SYSVMSG"><code class="Dv">KERN_SYSVMSG</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SYSVSEM"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SYSVSEM"><code class="Dv">KERN_SYSVSEM</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SYSVSHM"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SYSVSHM"><code class="Dv">KERN_SYSVSHM</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_TIMECOUNTER"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TIMECOUNTER"><code class="Dv">KERN_TIMECOUNTER</code></a></td> <td>node</td> <td>not applicable</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_TTY"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TTY"><code class="Dv">KERN_TTY</code></a></td> <td>node</td> <td>not applicable</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_TTYCOUNT"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TTYCOUNT"><code class="Dv">KERN_TTYCOUNT</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_UTC_OFFSET"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_UTC_OFFSET"><code class="Dv">KERN_UTC_OFFSET</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_VERSION"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_VERSION"><code class="Dv">KERN_VERSION</code></a></td> <td>string</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_VIDEO"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_VIDEO"><code class="Dv">KERN_VIDEO</code></a></td> <td>node</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_WATCHDOG"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_WATCHDOG"><code class="Dv">KERN_WATCHDOG</code></a></td> <td>node</td> <td>not applicable</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_WITNESS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_WITNESS"><code class="Dv">KERN_WITNESS</code></a></td> <td>node</td> <td>not applicable</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_WXABORT"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_WXABORT"><code class="Dv">KERN_WXABORT</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </table> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="KERN_ALLOWDT~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_ALLOWDT~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_ALLOWDT</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.allowdt</var>)</dt> <dd>Allow userland processes access to <span class="Pa">/dev/dt</span>. When running with a <a class="Xr" href="/securelevel.7" aria-label="securelevel, section 7">securelevel(7)</a> greater than 0, this variable may not be changed.</dd> <dt id="KERN_ALLOWKMEM~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_ALLOWKMEM~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_ALLOWKMEM</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.allowkmem</var>)</dt> <dd>Allow userland processes access to <span class="Pa">/dev/mem</span> and <span class="Pa">/dev/kmem</span>. When running with a <a class="Xr" href="/securelevel.7" aria-label="securelevel, section 7">securelevel(7)</a> greater than 0, this variable may not be changed.</dd> <dt id="KERN_ARGMAX~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_ARGMAX~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_ARGMAX</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.argmax</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of bytes allowed among the arguments to <a class="Xr" href="/execve.2" aria-label="execve, section 2">execve(2)</a>.</dd> <dt id="KERN_AUDIO~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_AUDIO~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_AUDIO</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.audio</var>)</dt> <dd>Control device-independent aspects of the <a class="Xr" href="/audio.4" aria-label="audio, section 4">audio(4)</a> subsystem. <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third~2"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third~2"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~6"><b class="Sy" id="Type~6">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~6"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~6">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_AUDIO_RECORD"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_AUDIO_RECORD"><code class="Dv">KERN_AUDIO_RECORD</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_AUDIO_KBDCONTROL"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_AUDIO_KBDCONTROL"><code class="Dv">KERN_AUDIO_KBDCONTROL</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </table> <p class="Pp">The variables are as follows:</p> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="KERN_AUDIO_RECORD~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_AUDIO_RECORD~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_AUDIO_RECORD</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.audio.record</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to the default value of 0, recording is muted by default for all audio devices. Otherwise, audio recording is enabled by default. For individual devices, this setting can be overridden with the <a class="Xr" href="/mixerctl.8" aria-label="mixerctl, section 8">mixerctl(8)</a> <var class="Va">record.enable</var> variable.</dd> <dt id="KERN_AUDIO_KBDCONTROL~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_AUDIO_KBDCONTROL~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_AUDIO_KBDCONTROL</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.audio.kbdcontrol</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to the default value of 1, the <a class="Xr" href="/wskbd.4" aria-label="wskbd, section 4">wskbd(4)</a> driver will attempt to adjust the level of the first <a class="Xr" href="/audio.4" aria-label="audio, section 4">audio(4)</a> device when the volume keys of multimedia keyboards are pressed.</dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="KERN_BOOTTIME~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_BOOTTIME~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_BOOTTIME</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.boottime</var>)</dt> <dd>A <var class="Vt">struct timeval</var> structure is returned. This structure contains the time that the system was booted.</dd> <dt id="KERN_CACHEPCT~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_CACHEPCT~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_CACHEPCT</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.bufcachepercent</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum percentage of DMA-reachable physical memory the buffer cache may use.</dd> <dt id="KERN_CCPU~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_CCPU~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_CCPU</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.ccpu</var>)</dt> <dd>The scheduler exponential decay value.</dd> <dt id="KERN_CLOCKRATE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_CLOCKRATE~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_CLOCKRATE</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.clockrate</var>)</dt> <dd>A <var class="Vt">struct clockinfo</var> structure is returned. This structure contains the hard clock, statistics clock and profiling clock frequencies, and the number of microseconds per hard clock tick.</dd> <dt id="KERN_CONSDEV~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_CONSDEV~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_CONSDEV</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.consdev</var>)</dt> <dd>The console device.</dd> <dt id="KERN_CPTIME~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_CPTIME~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_CPTIME</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.cp_time</var>)</dt> <dd>An array of longs of size <code class="Dv">CPUSTATES</code> is returned, containing statistics about the number of ticks spent by the system in interrupt processing, user processes (<a class="Xr" href="/nice.1" aria-label="nice, section 1">nice(1)</a> or normal), system processing, lock spinning, or idling.</dd> <dt id="KERN_CPTIME2~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_CPTIME2~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_CPTIME2</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.cp_time2</var>)</dt> <dd>Similar to <code class="Dv">KERN_CPTIME</code>, but obtains information from only the single CPU specified by the third level name given.</dd> <dt id="KERN_CPUSTATS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_CPUSTATS~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_CPUSTATS</code></a></dt> <dd>A <var class="Vt">struct cpustats</var> structure is returned. This structure contains the array described in <code class="Dv">KERN_CPTIME2</code> and a bit mask indicating the status of the CPU specified by the third level name.</dd> <dt id="KERN_DOMAINNAME~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_DOMAINNAME~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_DOMAINNAME</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.domainname</var>)</dt> <dd>Get or set the YP domain name like with <a class="Xr" href="/getdomainname.3" aria-label="getdomainname, section 3">getdomainname(3)</a>, <a class="Xr" href="/setdomainname.3" aria-label="setdomainname, section 3">setdomainname(3)</a>, and <a class="Xr" href="/domainname.1" aria-label="domainname, section 1">domainname(1)</a>.</dd> <dt id="KERN_FILE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_FILE~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_FILE</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.file</var>)</dt> <dd>Return the entire file table, or a subset of it. An array of <var class="Vt">struct kinfo_file</var> structures is returned, whose size depends on the current number of selected files in the system. The third and fourth level names are as follows: <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third~3"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third~3"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Fourth"><b class="Sy" id="Fourth">Fourth level is:</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_FILE_BYFILE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_FILE_BYFILE"><code class="Dv">KERN_FILE_BYFILE</code></a></td> <td>A file type</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_FILE_BYPID"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_FILE_BYPID"><code class="Dv">KERN_FILE_BYPID</code></a></td> <td>A process ID</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_FILE_BYUID"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_FILE_BYUID"><code class="Dv">KERN_FILE_BYUID</code></a></td> <td>A user ID</td> </tr> </table> <p class="Pp">The fifth level name is the size of the <var class="Vt">struct kinfo_file</var> and the sixth level name is the number of structures to return.</p> </dd> <dt id="KERN_FORKSTAT~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_FORKSTAT~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_FORKSTAT</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.forkstat</var>)</dt> <dd>A <var class="Vt">struct forkstat</var> structure is returned. This structure contains information about the number of <a class="Xr" href="/fork.2" aria-label="fork, section 2">fork(2)</a>, <a class="Xr" href="/vfork.2" aria-label="vfork, section 2">vfork(2)</a>, and <a class="Xr" href="/__tfork.3" aria-label="__tfork, section 3">__tfork(3)</a> system calls as well as kernel thread creations since system startup, and the number of pages of virtual memory involved in each.</dd> <dt id="KERN_FSCALE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_FSCALE~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_FSCALE</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.fscale</var>)</dt> <dd>The kernel fixed-point scale factor.</dd> <dt id="KERN_FSYNC~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_FSYNC~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_FSYNC</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.fsync</var>)</dt> <dd>Return 1 if the File Synchronisation Option is available on this system, otherwise 0.</dd> <dt id="KERN_GLOBAL_PTRACE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_GLOBAL_PTRACE~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_GLOBAL_PTRACE</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.global_ptrace</var>)</dt> <dd>When set to 1, permit <a class="Xr" href="/ptrace.2" aria-label="ptrace, section 2">ptrace(2)</a> to attach to any process with the appropriate privileges. When set to 0, processes may only attach to their own descendants.</dd> <dt id="KERN_HOSTID~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_HOSTID~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_HOSTID</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.hostid</var>)</dt> <dd>Get or set the host ID.</dd> <dt id="KERN_HOSTNAME~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_HOSTNAME~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_HOSTNAME</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.hostname</var>)</dt> <dd>Get or set the hostname like with <a class="Xr" href="/gethostname.3" aria-label="gethostname, section 3">gethostname(3)</a>, <a class="Xr" href="/sethostname.3" aria-label="sethostname, section 3">sethostname(3)</a>, and <a class="Xr" href="/hostname.1" aria-label="hostname, section 1">hostname(1)</a>.</dd> <dt id="KERN_JOB_CONTROL~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_JOB_CONTROL~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_JOB_CONTROL</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.job_control</var>)</dt> <dd>Return 1 if job control is available on this system, otherwise 0.</dd> <dt id="KERN_MALLOCSTATS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MALLOCSTATS~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_MALLOCSTATS</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.malloc</var>)</dt> <dd>Return kernel memory bucket statistics. The third level names are detailed below. There are no changeable values in this branch. <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third~4"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third~4"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~7"><b class="Sy" id="Type~7">Type</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_MALLOC_BUCKET"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MALLOC_BUCKET"><code class="Dv">KERN_MALLOC_BUCKET</code></a></td> <td>node</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_MALLOC_BUCKETS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MALLOC_BUCKETS"><code class="Dv">KERN_MALLOC_BUCKETS</code></a></td> <td>string</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_MALLOC_KMEMNAMES"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MALLOC_KMEMNAMES"><code class="Dv">KERN_MALLOC_KMEMNAMES</code></a></td> <td>string</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_MALLOC_KMEMSTATS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MALLOC_KMEMSTATS"><code class="Dv">KERN_MALLOC_KMEMSTATS</code></a></td> <td>node</td> </tr> </table> <p class="Pp">The variables are as follows:</p> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="KERN_MALLOC_BUCKET._size_"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MALLOC_BUCKET._size_"><code class="Dv">KERN_MALLOC_BUCKET.<size></code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.malloc.bucket</var>)</dt> <dd>A node containing the statistics for the memory bucket of the specified size (in decimal notation, the number of bytes per bucket element, e.g., 16, 32, 128). Each node returns a <var class="Vt">struct kmembuckets</var>. <p class="Pp">If a value is specified that does not correspond directly to a bucket size, the statistics for the closest larger bucket size will be returned instead.</p> <p class="Pp">Note that bucket sizes are typically powers of 2.</p> </dd> <dt id="KERN_MALLOC_BUCKETS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MALLOC_BUCKETS~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_MALLOC_BUCKETS</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.malloc.buckets</var>)</dt> <dd>Return a comma-separated list of the bucket sizes used by the kernel.</dd> <dt id="KERN_MALLOC_KMEMNAMES~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MALLOC_KMEMNAMES~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_MALLOC_KMEMNAMES</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.malloc.kmemnames</var>)</dt> <dd>Return a comma-separated list of the names of the kernel <a class="Xr" href="/malloc.9" aria-label="malloc, section 9">malloc(9)</a> types.</dd> <dt id="KERN_MALLOC_KMEMSTATS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MALLOC_KMEMSTATS~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_MALLOC_KMEMSTATS</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.malloc.kmemstat</var>)</dt> <dd>A node containing the statistics for the memory types of the specified name. Each node returns a <var class="Vt">struct kmemstats</var>.</dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="KERN_MAXCLUSTERS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MAXCLUSTERS~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_MAXCLUSTERS</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.maxclusters</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of <a class="Xr" href="/mbuf.9" aria-label="mbuf, section 9">mbuf(9)</a> clusters that may be allocated.</dd> <dt id="KERN_MAXFILES~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MAXFILES~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_MAXFILES</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.maxfiles</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of open files that may be open in the system.</dd> <dt id="KERN_MAXLOCKSPERUID~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MAXLOCKSPERUID~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_MAXLOCKSPERUID</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.maxlocksperuid</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of file locks per user; the default is 1024.</dd> <dt id="KERN_MAXPARTITIONS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MAXPARTITIONS~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_MAXPARTITIONS</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.maxpartitions</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of partitions allowed per disk.</dd> <dt id="KERN_MAXPROC~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MAXPROC~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_MAXPROC</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.maxproc</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of simultaneous processes the system will allow.</dd> <dt id="KERN_MAXTHREAD~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MAXTHREAD~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_MAXTHREAD</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.maxthread</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of simultaneous threads the system will allow.</dd> <dt id="KERN_MAXVNODES~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MAXVNODES~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_MAXVNODES</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.maxvnodes</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of vnodes available on the system.</dd> <dt id="KERN_MBSTAT~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MBSTAT~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_MBSTAT</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.mbstat</var>)</dt> <dd>A <var class="Vt">struct mbstat</var> structure is returned, containing statistics on <a class="Xr" href="/mbuf.9" aria-label="mbuf, section 9">mbuf(9)</a> usage.</dd> <dt id="KERN_MSGBUF~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MSGBUF~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_MSGBUF</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.msgbuf</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns a buffer containing kernel log messages; see <a class="Xr" href="/dmesg.8" aria-label="dmesg, section 8">dmesg(8)</a>.</dd> <dt id="KERN_MSGBUFSIZE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_MSGBUFSIZE~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_MSGBUFSIZE</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.msgbufsize</var>)</dt> <dd>The size of the kernel message buffer.</dd> <dt id="KERN_NCHSTATS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_NCHSTATS~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_NCHSTATS</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.nchstats</var>)</dt> <dd>A <var class="Vt">struct nchstats</var> structure is returned. This structure contains information about the filename to <a class="Xr" href="/inode.5" aria-label="inode, section 5">inode(5)</a> mapping cache.</dd> <dt id="KERN_NFILES~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_NFILES~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_NFILES</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.nfiles</var>)</dt> <dd>Number of open files.</dd> <dt id="KERN_NGROUPS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_NGROUPS~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_NGROUPS</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.ngroups</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of supplemental groups.</dd> <dt id="KERN_NOSUIDCOREDUMP~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_NOSUIDCOREDUMP~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_NOSUIDCOREDUMP</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.nosuidcoredump</var>)</dt> <dd>Whether a process may dump core after changing user or group ID: <table class="Bl-column"> <tr id="value"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#value"><b class="Sy">value</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#condition"><b class="Sy" id="condition">condition</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#dump"><b class="Sy" id="dump">dump core to</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>euid == 0</td> <td>current directory</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>never</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>always</td> <td><span class="Pa">/var/crash</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>depends</td> <td><span class="Pa">/var/crash/$programname/</span></td> </tr> </table> </dd> <dt id="KERN_NPROCS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_NPROCS~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_NPROCS</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.nprocs</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of entries in the kernel process table.</dd> <dt id="KERN_NTHREADS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_NTHREADS~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_NTHREADS</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.nthreads</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of entries in the kernel thread table.</dd> <dt id="KERN_NUMVNODES~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_NUMVNODES~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_NUMVNODES</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.numvnodes</var>)</dt> <dd>Number of vnodes in use.</dd> <dt id="KERN_OSRELEASE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_OSRELEASE~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_OSRELEASE</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.osrelease</var>)</dt> <dd>The system release string as returned by <a class="Xr" href="/uname.1" aria-label="uname, section 1">uname(1)</a> <code class="Fl">-r</code>.</dd> <dt id="KERN_OSREV~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_OSREV~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_OSREV</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.osrevision</var>)</dt> <dd>The system revision number.</dd> <dt id="KERN_OSTYPE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_OSTYPE~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_OSTYPE</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.ostype</var>)</dt> <dd>The system type string as returned by <a class="Xr" href="/uname.1" aria-label="uname, section 1">uname(1)</a> <code class="Fl">-s</code>; it is always “<span class="Ux">OpenBSD</span>”.</dd> <dt id="KERN_OSVERSION~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_OSVERSION~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_OSVERSION</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.osversion</var>)</dt> <dd>The kernel build version as returned by <a class="Xr" href="/uname.1" aria-label="uname, section 1">uname(1)</a> <code class="Fl">-v</code>.</dd> <dt id="KERN_PFSTATUS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PFSTATUS~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_PFSTATUS</code></a></dt> <dd>The <var class="Vt">struct pf_status</var> structure.</dd> <dt id="KERN_POOL_DEBUG~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_POOL_DEBUG~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_POOL_DEBUG</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.pool_debug</var>)</dt> <dd>Modify the memory pool debug level. Valid values are: <p class="Pp"></p> <div class="Bd-indent"> <dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact"> <dt>0</dt> <dd>Disable pool debugging.</dd> <dt>1</dt> <dd>Enable use after free detection.</dd> <dt>2</dt> <dd>In addition to 1, when calling either <a class="Xr" href="/malloc.9" aria-label="malloc, section 9">malloc(9)</a> or <a class="Xr" href="/pool_get.9" aria-label="pool_get, section 9">pool_get(9)</a> with flags indicating that sleeping is allowed then always yield. Useful to detect potential races.</dd> </dl> </div> </dd> <dt id="KERN_POSIX1~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_POSIX1~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_POSIX1</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.posix1version</var>)</dt> <dd>The version of ISO/IEC 9945 (POSIX 1003.1) with which the system attempts to comply.</dd> <dt id="KERN_PROC~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.proc</var>)</dt> <dd>Return the entire process table, or a subset of it. An array of <var class="Vt">struct kinfo_proc</var> structures is returned, whose size depends on the current number of selected processes in the system. The third and fourth level names are as follows: <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third~5"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third~5"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Fourth~2"><b class="Sy" id="Fourth~2">Fourth level is:</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_PROC_ALL"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC_ALL"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_ALL</code></a></td> <td>None</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_PROC_KTHREAD"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC_KTHREAD"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_KTHREAD</code></a></td> <td>A kernel thread</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_PROC_PID"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC_PID"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_PID</code></a></td> <td>A process ID</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_PROC_PGRP"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC_PGRP"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_PGRP</code></a></td> <td>A process group</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_PROC_RUID"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC_RUID"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_RUID</code></a></td> <td>A real user ID</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_PROC_SESSION"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC_SESSION"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_SESSION</code></a></td> <td>A session PID</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_PROC_TTY"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC_TTY"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_TTY</code></a></td> <td>A tty device</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_PROC_UID"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC_UID"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_UID</code></a></td> <td>A user ID</td> </tr> </table> <p class="Pp">The fifth level name is the size of the <var class="Vt">struct kinfo_proc</var> and the sixth level name is the number of structures to return.</p> </dd> <dt id="KERN_PROC_ARGS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC_ARGS~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_ARGS</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.procargs</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the arguments or environment of a process. The third level name is the PID of the process. The fourth level name is one of: <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="KERN_PROC_ARGV"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC_ARGV"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_ARGV</code></a></td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_PROC_ENV"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC_ENV"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_ENV</code></a></td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_PROC_NARGV"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC_NARGV"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_NARGV</code></a></td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_PROC_NENV"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC_NENV"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_NENV</code></a></td> </tr> </table> <p class="Pp"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_NARGV</code> and <code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_NENV</code> return the number of elements as an <var class="Vt">int</var> in the argv or env array. <code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_ARGV</code> returns the argv array and <code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_ENV</code> returns the environ array. The buffer pointed to by <var class="Fa">oldp</var> is filled with an array of char pointers followed by the strings themselves. The last char pointer is a <code class="Dv">NULL</code> pointer.</p> </dd> <dt id="KERN_PROC_CWD~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC_CWD~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_CWD</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.proc_cwd</var>)</dt> <dd>Return the current working directory of a process. The third level name is the target process ID. A NUL-terminated string is returned.</dd> <dt id="KERN_PROC_NOBROADCASTKILL~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC_NOBROADCASTKILL~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_NOBROADCASTKILL</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.proc_nobroadcastkill</var>)</dt> <dd>When set, a process will no longer be signaled when sending broadcast signals. The third level name is the target process ID.</dd> <dt id="KERN_PROC_VMMAP~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROC_VMMAP~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROC_VMMAP</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.proc_vmmap</var>)</dt> <dd>Return the entire process VM map entries. An array of <var class="Vt">struct kinfo_vmentry</var> structures is returned, whose size depends on the current number of VM map entries of the selected process. Iteration is possible by setting the base address in the first element of <var class="Vt">struct kinfo_vmentry</var>.</dd> <dt id="KERN_PROF~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_PROF~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_PROF</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.profiling</var>)</dt> <dd>Return profiling information about the kernel. If the kernel is not compiled for profiling, attempts to retrieve any of the <code class="Dv">KERN_PROF</code> values will fail with <code class="Er">EOPNOTSUPP</code>. The third level names for the string and integer profiling information are detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value. <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third~6"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third~6"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~8"><b class="Sy" id="Type~8">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~7"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~7">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="GPROF_COUNT"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#GPROF_COUNT"><code class="Dv">GPROF_COUNT</code></a></td> <td>u_short[]</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="GPROF_FROMS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#GPROF_FROMS"><code class="Dv">GPROF_FROMS</code></a></td> <td>u_short[]</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="GPROF_GMONPARAM"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#GPROF_GMONPARAM"><code class="Dv">GPROF_GMONPARAM</code></a></td> <td>struct gmonparam</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="GPROF_STATE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#GPROF_STATE"><code class="Dv">GPROF_STATE</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="GPROF_TOS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#GPROF_TOS"><code class="Dv">GPROF_TOS</code></a></td> <td>struct tostruct</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </table> <p class="Pp">The variables are as follows:</p> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="GPROF_COUNT~2"><a class="permalink" href="#GPROF_COUNT~2"><code class="Dv">GPROF_COUNT</code></a></dt> <dd>Array of statistical program counter counts.</dd> <dt id="GPROF_FROMS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#GPROF_FROMS~2"><code class="Dv">GPROF_FROMS</code></a></dt> <dd>Array indexed by program counter of call-from points.</dd> <dt id="GPROF_GMONPARAM~2"><a class="permalink" href="#GPROF_GMONPARAM~2"><code class="Dv">GPROF_GMONPARAM</code></a></dt> <dd>Structure giving the sizes of the above arrays.</dd> <dt id="GPROF_STATE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#GPROF_STATE~2"><code class="Dv">GPROF_STATE</code></a></dt> <dd>Returns <code class="Dv">GMON_PROF_ON</code> or <code class="Dv">GMON_PROF_OFF</code> to show that profiling is running or stopped.</dd> <dt id="GPROF_TOS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#GPROF_TOS~2"><code class="Dv">GPROF_TOS</code></a></dt> <dd>Array of <var class="Vt">struct tostruct</var> describing destination of calls and their counts.</dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="KERN_RAWPARTITION~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_RAWPARTITION~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_RAWPARTITION</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.rawpartition</var>)</dt> <dd>The raw partition of a disk (a == 0).</dd> <dt id="KERN_SAVED_IDS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SAVED_IDS~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SAVED_IDS</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.saved_ids</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns 1 if saved set-group-ID and saved set-user-ID are available.</dd> <dt id="KERN_SECURELVL~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SECURELVL~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SECURELVL</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.securelevel</var>)</dt> <dd>The system security level. This level may be raised by processes with appropriate privileges. It may only be lowered by process 1.</dd> <dt id="KERN_SEMINFO~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SEMINFO~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.seminfo</var>)</dt> <dd>Return the elements of <var class="Vt">struct seminfo</var>. If the kernel is not compiled with System V style semaphore support, attempts to retrieve any of the <code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO</code> values will fail with <code class="Er">EOPNOTSUPP</code>. The third level names for the elements of <var class="Vt">struct seminfo</var> are detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value. <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third~7"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third~7"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~9"><b class="Sy" id="Type~9">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~8"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~8">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SEMINFO_SEMAEM"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SEMINFO_SEMAEM"><code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO_SEMAEM</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNI"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNI"><code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNI</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNS"><code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNS</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNU"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNU"><code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNU</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMSL"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMSL"><code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMSL</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SEMINFO_SEMOPM"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SEMINFO_SEMOPM"><code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO_SEMOPM</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SEMINFO_SEMUME"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SEMINFO_SEMUME"><code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO_SEMUME</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SEMINFO_SEMUSZ"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SEMINFO_SEMUSZ"><code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO_SEMUSZ</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SEMINFO_SEMVMX"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SEMINFO_SEMVMX"><code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO_SEMVMX</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> </table> <p class="Pp">The variables are as follows:</p> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="KERN_SEMINFO_SEMAEM~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SEMINFO_SEMAEM~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO_SEMAEM</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.seminfo.semaem</var>)</dt> <dd>The adjust on exit maximum value.</dd> <dt id="KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNI~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNI~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNI</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.seminfo.semmni</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of semaphore identifiers allowed.</dd> <dt id="KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNS~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNS</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.seminfo.semmns</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of semaphores allowed in the system.</dd> <dt id="KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNU~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNU~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNU</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.seminfo.semmnu</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of semaphore undo structures allowed in the system.</dd> <dt id="KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMSL~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMSL~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMSL</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.seminfo.semmsl</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of semaphores allowed per ID.</dd> <dt id="KERN_SEMINFO_SEMOPM~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SEMINFO_SEMOPM~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO_SEMOPM</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.seminfo.semopm</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of operations per <a class="Xr" href="/semop.2" aria-label="semop, section 2">semop(2)</a> call.</dd> <dt id="KERN_SEMINFO_SEMUME~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SEMINFO_SEMUME~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO_SEMUME</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.seminfo.semume</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of undo entries per process.</dd> <dt id="KERN_SEMINFO_SEMUSZ~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SEMINFO_SEMUSZ~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO_SEMUSZ</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.seminfo.semusz</var>)</dt> <dd>The size (in bytes) of the undo structure.</dd> <dt id="KERN_SEMINFO_SEMVMX~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SEMINFO_SEMVMX~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SEMINFO_SEMVMX</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.seminfo.semvmx</var>)</dt> <dd>The semaphore maximum value.</dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="KERN_SHMINFO~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SHMINFO~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SHMINFO</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.shminfo</var>)</dt> <dd>Return the elements of <var class="Vt">struct shminfo</var>. If the kernel is not compiled with System V style shared memory support, attempts to retrieve any of the <code class="Dv">KERN_SHMINFO</code> values will fail with <code class="Er">EOPNOTSUPP</code>. The third level names for the elements of <var class="Vt">struct shminfo</var> are detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value. <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third~8"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third~8"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~10"><b class="Sy" id="Type~10">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~9"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~9">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SHMINFO_SHMALL"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SHMINFO_SHMALL"><code class="Dv">KERN_SHMINFO_SHMALL</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMAX"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMAX"><code class="Dv">KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMAX</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMIN"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMIN"><code class="Dv">KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMIN</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMNI"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMNI"><code class="Dv">KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMNI</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SHMINFO_SHMSEG"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SHMINFO_SHMSEG"><code class="Dv">KERN_SHMINFO_SHMSEG</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </table> <p class="Pp">The variables are as follows:</p> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="KERN_SHMINFO_SHMALL~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SHMINFO_SHMALL~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SHMINFO_SHMALL</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.shminfo.shmall</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum amount of total shared memory allowed in the system (in pages).</dd> <dt id="KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMAX~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMAX~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMAX</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.shminfo.shmmax</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum shared memory segment size (in bytes).</dd> <dt id="KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMIN~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMIN~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMIN</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.shminfo.shmmin</var>)</dt> <dd>The minimum shared memory segment size (in bytes).</dd> <dt id="KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMNI~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMNI~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMNI</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.shminfo.shmmni</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of shared memory identifiers in the system.</dd> <dt id="KERN_SHMINFO_SHMSEG~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SHMINFO_SHMSEG~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SHMINFO_SHMSEG</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.shminfo.shmseg</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of shared memory segments per process.</dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="KERN_SOMAXCONN~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SOMAXCONN~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SOMAXCONN</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.somaxconn</var>)</dt> <dd>Upper bound on the number of half-open connections a process can allow to be associated with a socket, using <a class="Xr" href="/listen.2" aria-label="listen, section 2">listen(2)</a>. The default value is 128.</dd> <dt id="KERN_SOMINCONN~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SOMINCONN~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SOMINCONN</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.sominconn</var>)</dt> <dd>Lower bound on the number of half-open connections a process can allow to be associated with a socket, using <a class="Xr" href="/listen.2" aria-label="listen, section 2">listen(2)</a>. The default value is 80.</dd> <dt id="KERN_SPLASSERT~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SPLASSERT~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SPLASSERT</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.splassert</var>)</dt> <dd>Modify the system interrupt priority level. Valid values are: <p class="Pp"></p> <div class="Bd-indent"> <dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact"> <dt>0</dt> <dd>Disable error checking.</dd> <dt>1</dt> <dd>Print a message if an error is detected.</dd> <dt>2</dt> <dd>Print a message if an error is detected, and a stack trace if possible.</dd> <dt>3</dt> <dd>The same as 2, but also drop into the kernel debugger.</dd> </dl> </div> <p class="Pp">Any other value causes a system panic on errors. See <a class="Xr" href="/splassert.9" aria-label="splassert, section 9">splassert(9)</a> for more information.</p> </dd> <dt id="KERN_STACKGAPRANDOM~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_STACKGAPRANDOM~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_STACKGAPRANDOM</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.stackgap_random</var>)</dt> <dd>Sets the range of the random value added to the stack pointer on each program execution. The random value is added to make buffer overflow exploitation slightly harder. The bigger the number, the harder it is to brute force this added protection, but it also means bigger waste of memory.</dd> <dt id="KERN_SYSVIPC_INFO~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SYSVIPC_INFO~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SYSVIPC_INFO</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.sysvipc_info</var>)</dt> <dd>Return System V style IPC configuration and run-time information. The third level name selects the System V style IPC facility. <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third~9"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third~9"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~11"><b class="Sy" id="Type~11">Type</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SYSVIPC_MSG_INFO"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SYSVIPC_MSG_INFO"><code class="Dv">KERN_SYSVIPC_MSG_INFO</code></a></td> <td>struct msg_sysctl_info</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SYSVIPC_SEM_INFO"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SYSVIPC_SEM_INFO"><code class="Dv">KERN_SYSVIPC_SEM_INFO</code></a></td> <td>struct sem_sysctl_info</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_SYSVIPC_SHM_INFO"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SYSVIPC_SHM_INFO"><code class="Dv">KERN_SYSVIPC_SHM_INFO</code></a></td> <td>struct shm_sysctl_info</td> </tr> </table> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="KERN_SYSVIPC_MSG_INFO~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SYSVIPC_MSG_INFO~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SYSVIPC_MSG_INFO</code></a></dt> <dd>Return information on the System V style message facility. The <a class="permalink" href="#msg_sysctl_info"><b class="Sy" id="msg_sysctl_info">msg_sysctl_info</b></a> structure is defined in <code class="In"><<a class="In">sys/msg.h</a>></code>.</dd> <dt id="KERN_SYSVIPC_SEM_INFO~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SYSVIPC_SEM_INFO~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SYSVIPC_SEM_INFO</code></a></dt> <dd>Return information on the System V style semaphore facility. The <a class="permalink" href="#sem_sysctl_info"><b class="Sy" id="sem_sysctl_info">sem_sysctl_info</b></a> structure is defined in <code class="In"><<a class="In">sys/sem.h</a>></code>.</dd> <dt id="KERN_SYSVIPC_SHM_INFO~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SYSVIPC_SHM_INFO~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SYSVIPC_SHM_INFO</code></a></dt> <dd>Return information on the System V style shared memory facility. The <a class="permalink" href="#shm_sysctl_info"><b class="Sy" id="shm_sysctl_info">shm_sysctl_info</b></a> structure is defined in <code class="In"><<a class="In">sys/shm.h</a>></code>.</dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="KERN_SYSVMSG~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SYSVMSG~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SYSVMSG</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.sysvmsg</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns 1 if System V style message queue functionality is available on this system, otherwise 0.</dd> <dt id="KERN_SYSVSEM~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SYSVSEM~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SYSVSEM</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.sysvem</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns 1 if System V style semaphore functionality is available on this system, otherwise 0.</dd> <dt id="KERN_SYSVSHM~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_SYSVSHM~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_SYSVSHM</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.sysvshm</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns 1 if System V style shared memory functionality is available on this system, otherwise 0.</dd> <dt id="KERN_TIMECOUNTER~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TIMECOUNTER~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_TIMECOUNTER</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.timecounter</var>)</dt> <dd>Return statistics information about the kernel time counter. The third level names information is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value. <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third~10"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third~10"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~12"><b class="Sy" id="Type~12">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~10"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~10">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_TIMECOUNTER_CHOICE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TIMECOUNTER_CHOICE"><code class="Dv">KERN_TIMECOUNTER_CHOICE</code></a></td> <td>string</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_TIMECOUNTER_HARDWARE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TIMECOUNTER_HARDWARE"><code class="Dv">KERN_TIMECOUNTER_HARDWARE</code></a></td> <td>string</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_TIMECOUNTER_TICK"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TIMECOUNTER_TICK"><code class="Dv">KERN_TIMECOUNTER_TICK</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_TIMECOUNTER_TIMESTEPWARNINGS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TIMECOUNTER_TIMESTEPWARNINGS"><code class="Dv">KERN_TIMECOUNTER_TIMESTEPWARNINGS</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </table> <p class="Pp">The variables are as follows:</p> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="KERN_TIMECOUNTER_CHOICE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TIMECOUNTER_CHOICE~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_TIMECOUNTER_CHOICE</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.timecounter.choice</var>)</dt> <dd>Get the list of kernel time counter sources and their claimed quality (higher is better).</dd> <dt id="KERN_TIMECOUNTER_HARDWARE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TIMECOUNTER_HARDWARE~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_TIMECOUNTER_HARDWARE</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.timecounter.hardware</var>)</dt> <dd>Get or set the kernel time counter source by name.</dd> <dt id="KERN_TIMECOUNTER_TICK~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TIMECOUNTER_TICK~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_TIMECOUNTER_TICK</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.timecounter.tick</var>)</dt> <dd>Get the number of times we have reset the kernel time counter information.</dd> <dt id="KERN_TIMECOUNTER_TIMESTEPWARNINGS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TIMECOUNTER_TIMESTEPWARNINGS~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_TIMECOUNTER_TIMESTEPWARNINGS</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.timecounter.timestepwarnings</var>)</dt> <dd>Get or set a flag to log a message when the kernel time is stepped.</dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="KERN_TTY~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TTY~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_TTY</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.tty</var>)</dt> <dd>Return statistics information about tty input/output. The third level names information is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value. <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third~11"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third~11"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~13"><b class="Sy" id="Type~13">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~11"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~11">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_TTY_INFO"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TTY_INFO"><code class="Dv">KERN_TTY_INFO</code></a></td> <td>struct itty</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_TTY_TKCANCC"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TTY_TKCANCC"><code class="Dv">KERN_TTY_TKCANCC</code></a></td> <td>int64_t</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_TTY_TKNIN"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TTY_TKNIN"><code class="Dv">KERN_TTY_TKNIN</code></a></td> <td>int64_t</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_TTY_TKNOUT"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TTY_TKNOUT"><code class="Dv">KERN_TTY_TKNOUT</code></a></td> <td>int64_t</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_TTY_TKRAWCC"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TTY_TKRAWCC"><code class="Dv">KERN_TTY_TKRAWCC</code></a></td> <td>int64_t</td> <td>no</td> </tr> </table> <p class="Pp">The variables are as follows:</p> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="KERN_TTY_INFO~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TTY_INFO~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_TTY_INFO</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.tty.ttyinfo</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns an array of <var class="Vt">struct itty</var> structures containing tty statistics.</dd> <dt id="KERN_TTY_TKCANCC~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TTY_TKCANCC~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_TTY_TKCANCC</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.tty.tk_cancc</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the number of input characters in canonical mode.</dd> <dt id="KERN_TTY_TKNIN~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TTY_TKNIN~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_TTY_TKNIN</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.tty.tk_nin</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the number of input characters from a <a class="Xr" href="/tty.4" aria-label="tty, section 4">tty(4)</a>.</dd> <dt id="KERN_TTY_TKNOUT~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TTY_TKNOUT~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_TTY_TKNOUT</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.tty.tk_nout</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the number of output characters on a <a class="Xr" href="/tty.4" aria-label="tty, section 4">tty(4)</a>.</dd> <dt id="KERN_TTY_TKRAWCC~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TTY_TKRAWCC~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_TTY_TKRAWCC</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.tty.tk_rawcc</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the number of input characters in raw mode.</dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="KERN_TTYCOUNT~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_TTYCOUNT~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_TTYCOUNT</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.ttycount</var>)</dt> <dd>Number of available <a class="Xr" href="/tty.4" aria-label="tty, section 4">tty(4)</a> devices.</dd> <dt id="KERN_UTC_OFFSET~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_UTC_OFFSET~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_UTC_OFFSET</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.utc_offset</var>)</dt> <dd>The real-time clock's (RTC) offset from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) expressed as minutes East of UTC+0. When set, time read from the RTC is adjusted to remove the offset and time written to the RTC is adjusted to reapply it. This may simplify multibooting with an operating system that does not run the RTC in UTC mode. When running with a <a class="Xr" href="/securelevel.7" aria-label="securelevel, section 7">securelevel(7)</a> greater than 0, this variable may not be changed.</dd> <dt id="KERN_VERSION~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_VERSION~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_VERSION</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.version</var>)</dt> <dd>The system version string.</dd> <dt id="KERN_VIDEO~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_VIDEO~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_VIDEO</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.video</var>)</dt> <dd>Control device-independent aspects of the <a class="Xr" href="/video.4" aria-label="video, section 4">video(4)</a> subsystem. Currently, there is one subnode: <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third~12"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third~12"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~14"><b class="Sy" id="Type~14">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~12"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~12">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_VIDEO_RECORD"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_VIDEO_RECORD"><code class="Dv">KERN_VIDEO_RECORD</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </table> <p class="Pp">Its meaning is as follows:</p> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="KERN_VIDEO_RECORD~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_VIDEO_RECORD~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_VIDEO_RECORD</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.video.record</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to the default value of 0, recording is blanked for all video devices. If the value is non-zero, video recording is enabled.</dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="KERN_WATCHDOG~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_WATCHDOG~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_WATCHDOG</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.watchdog</var>)</dt> <dd>Return information on hardware watchdog timers. If the kernel does not support a hardware watchdog timer, attempts to retrieve or set any of the <code class="Dv">KERN_WATCHDOG</code> values will fail with <code class="Er">EOPNOTSUPP</code>. <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third~13"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third~13"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~15"><b class="Sy" id="Type~15">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~13"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~13">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_WATCHDOG_AUTO"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_WATCHDOG_AUTO"><code class="Dv">KERN_WATCHDOG_AUTO</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_WATCHDOG_PERIOD"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_WATCHDOG_PERIOD"><code class="Dv">KERN_WATCHDOG_PERIOD</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </table> <p class="Pp">The variables are as follows:</p> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="KERN_WATCHDOG_AUTO~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_WATCHDOG_AUTO~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_WATCHDOG_AUTO</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.watchdog.auto</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to 1, the kernel refreshes the watchdog timer periodically. If set to 0, a userland process must ensure that the watchdog timer gets refreshed by setting the <code class="Dv">KERN_WATCHDOG_PERIOD</code> variable.</dd> <dt id="KERN_WATCHDOG_PERIOD~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_WATCHDOG_PERIOD~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_WATCHDOG_PERIOD</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.watchdog.period</var>)</dt> <dd>The period of the watchdog timer in seconds. Set to 0 to disable the watchdog timer.</dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="KERN_WITNESS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_WITNESS~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_WITNESS</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.witness</var>)</dt> <dd>Control settings of <a class="Xr" href="/witness.4" aria-label="witness, section 4">witness(4)</a>. <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third~14"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third~14"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~16"><b class="Sy" id="Type~16">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~14"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~14">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_WITNESS_LOCKTRACE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_WITNESS_LOCKTRACE"><code class="Dv">KERN_WITNESS_LOCKTRACE</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="KERN_WITNESS_WATCH"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_WITNESS_WATCH"><code class="Dv">KERN_WITNESS_WATCH</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </table> <p class="Pp">The variables are as follows:</p> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="KERN_WITNESS_LOCKTRACE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_WITNESS_LOCKTRACE~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_WITNESS_LOCKTRACE</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.witness.locktrace</var>)</dt> <dd>When set, <a class="Xr" href="/witness.4" aria-label="witness, section 4">witness(4)</a> saves a stack trace on each lock acquisition. The stack traces of acquired locks can be viewed using <a class="Xr" href="/ddb.4" aria-label="ddb, section 4">ddb(4)</a>.</dd> <dt id="KERN_WITNESS_WATCH~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_WITNESS_WATCH~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_WITNESS_WATCH</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.witness.watch</var>)</dt> <dd>Control how <a class="Xr" href="/witness.4" aria-label="witness, section 4">witness(4)</a> behaves on error. Valid values are: <p class="Pp"></p> <div class="Bd-indent"> <dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact"> <dt>-1</dt> <dd>Disable <a class="Xr" href="/witness.4" aria-label="witness, section 4">witness(4)</a> completely. System reboot is needed to re-enable it.</dd> <dt>0</dt> <dd>Disable lock order checking.</dd> <dt>1</dt> <dd>Print a message if an error is detected.</dd> <dt>2</dt> <dd>Print a message if an error is detected, and a stack trace if possible.</dd> <dt>3</dt> <dd>The same as 2, but also drop into the kernel debugger.</dd> </dl> </div> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="KERN_WXABORT~2"><a class="permalink" href="#KERN_WXABORT~2"><code class="Dv">KERN_WXABORT</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.wxabort</var>)</dt> <dd>Generate an abort, rather than returning an error, on W^X violation.</dd> </dl> </section> <section class="Ss"> <h3 class="Ss" id="CTL_MACHDEP~2"><a class="permalink" href="#CTL_MACHDEP~2">CTL_MACHDEP</a></h3> <p class="Pp">The set of variables defined is architecture dependent. Most architectures define at least the following variables.</p> <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Second~5"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Second~5"><b class="Sy">Second level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~17"><b class="Sy" id="Type~17">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~15"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~15">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="CPU_CONSDEV"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#CPU_CONSDEV"><code class="Dv">CPU_CONSDEV</code></a></td> <td>dev_t</td> <td>no</td> </tr> </table> <p class="Pp">Consult the example file <span class="Pa">/etc/examples/sysctl.conf</span> for a non-exhaustive list of <var class="Va">machdep</var> variables.</p> </section> <section class="Ss"> <h3 class="Ss" id="CTL_NET~2"><a class="permalink" href="#CTL_NET~2">CTL_NET</a></h3> <p class="Pp">The string and integer information available for the <code class="Dv">CTL_NET</code> level is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value.</p> <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Second~6"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Second~6"><b class="Sy">Second level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~18"><b class="Sy" id="Type~18">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~16"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~16">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="PF_ROUTE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#PF_ROUTE"><code class="Dv">PF_ROUTE</code></a></td> <td>routing messages</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="PF_INET"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#PF_INET"><code class="Dv">PF_INET</code></a></td> <td>IPv4 values</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="PF_INET6"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#PF_INET6"><code class="Dv">PF_INET6</code></a></td> <td>IPv6 values</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="PF_UNIX"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#PF_UNIX"><code class="Dv">PF_UNIX</code></a></td> <td>UNIX-domain values</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="PF_KEY"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#PF_KEY"><code class="Dv">PF_KEY</code></a></td> <td>key management</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="PF_MPLS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#PF_MPLS"><code class="Dv">PF_MPLS</code></a></td> <td>MPLS values</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="PF_PIPEX"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#PF_PIPEX"><code class="Dv">PF_PIPEX</code></a></td> <td>PIPEX values</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </table> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="PF_ROUTE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#PF_ROUTE~2"><code class="Dv">PF_ROUTE</code></a></dt> <dd>Return the entire routing table or a subset of it. The data is returned as a sequence of routing messages (see <a class="Xr" href="/route.4" aria-label="route, section 4">route(4)</a> for the header file, format, and meaning). The length of each message is contained in the message header. <p class="Pp">The third level name is a protocol number, which is currently always 0. The fourth level name is an address family, which may be set to 0 to select all address families. The fifth and sixth level names are as follows:</p> <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Fifth"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Fifth"><b class="Sy">Fifth level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Sixth"><b class="Sy" id="Sixth">Sixth level is:</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="NET_RT_DUMP"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#NET_RT_DUMP"><code class="Dv">NET_RT_DUMP</code></a></td> <td>priority</td> </tr> <tr id="NET_RT_FLAGS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#NET_RT_FLAGS"><code class="Dv">NET_RT_FLAGS</code></a></td> <td>rtflags</td> </tr> <tr id="NET_RT_IFLIST"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#NET_RT_IFLIST"><code class="Dv">NET_RT_IFLIST</code></a></td> <td>None</td> </tr> <tr id="NET_RT_IFNAMES"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#NET_RT_IFNAMES"><code class="Dv">NET_RT_IFNAMES</code></a></td> <td>None</td> </tr> <tr id="NET_RT_STATS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#NET_RT_STATS"><code class="Dv">NET_RT_STATS</code></a></td> <td>None</td> </tr> <tr id="NET_RT_TABLE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#NET_RT_TABLE"><code class="Dv">NET_RT_TABLE</code></a></td> <td>rtableid</td> </tr> </table> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="NET_RT_DUMP~2"><a class="permalink" href="#NET_RT_DUMP~2"><code class="Dv">NET_RT_DUMP</code></a></dt> <dd>If set to 0, show all routes. If set to any number, show all routes with that number priority. If set to a negative number, show routes that do not have the positive priority value.</dd> </dl> <p class="Pp">An optional seventh level name can be provided to select the routing table on which to run the operation. If not provided, the current routing table is used.</p> </dd> <dt id="PF_INET~2"><a class="permalink" href="#PF_INET~2"><code class="Dv">PF_INET</code></a></dt> <dd>Get or set various global information about IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4). The third level name is the protocol. The fourth level name is the variable name. The currently defined protocols and names are: <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Protocol"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Protocol"><b class="Sy">Protocol name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Variable"><b class="Sy" id="Variable">Variable name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~19"><b class="Sy" id="Type~19">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~17"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~17">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>ah</td> <td>enable</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>bpf</td> <td>bufsize</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>bpf</td> <td>maxbufsize</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>carp</td> <td>allow</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>carp</td> <td>log</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>carp</td> <td>preempt</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>divert</td> <td>recvspace</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>divert</td> <td>sendspace</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>esp</td> <td>enable</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>esp</td> <td>udpencap</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>esp</td> <td>udpencap_port</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>etherip</td> <td>allow</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>gre</td> <td>allow</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>gre</td> <td>wccp</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>icmp</td> <td>bmcastecho</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>icmp</td> <td>errppslimit</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>icmp</td> <td>maskrepl</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>icmp</td> <td>rediraccept</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>icmp</td> <td>redirtimeout</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>icmp</td> <td>stats</td> <td>structure</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr> <td>icmp</td> <td>tstamprepl</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>arpqueued</td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>arpdown</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>arptimeout</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>arpq</td> <td>node</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>directed-broadcast</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>encdebug</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>forwarding</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>ipsec-allocs</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>ipsec-auth-alg</td> <td>string</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>ipsec-bytes</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>ipsec-comp-alg</td> <td>string</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>ipsec-enc-alg</td> <td>string</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>ipsec-expire-acquire</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>ipsec-firstuse</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>ipsec-invalid-life</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>ipsec-pfs</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>ipsec-soft-allocs</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>ipsec-soft-bytes</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>ipsec-soft-firstuse</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>ipsec-soft-timeout</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>ipsec-timeout</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>maxqueue</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>mforwarding</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>mtudisc</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>mtudisctimeout</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>multipath</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>portfirst</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>porthifirst</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>porthilast</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>portlast</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>redirect</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>sourceroute</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>stats</td> <td>structure</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip</td> <td>ttl</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ipcomp</td> <td>enable</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ipip</td> <td>allow</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>ackonpush</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>always_keepalive</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>baddynamic</td> <td>array</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>ecn</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>ident</td> <td>structure</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>keepidle</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>keepinittime</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>keepintvl</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>mssdflt</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>reasslimit</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>rfc1323</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>rfc3390</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>rootonly</td> <td>array</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>rstppslimit</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>sack</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>stats</td> <td>structure</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>synbucketlimit</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>syncachelimit</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>synhashsize</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>synuselimit</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tcp</td> <td>tso</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>udp</td> <td>baddynamic</td> <td>array</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>udp</td> <td>checksum</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>udp</td> <td>recvspace</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>udp</td> <td>rootonly</td> <td>array</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>udp</td> <td>sendspace</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>udp</td> <td>stats</td> <td>structure</td> <td>no</td> </tr> </table> <p class="Pp">The variables are as follows:</p> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="ah.enable"><a class="permalink" href="#ah.enable"><code class="Li">ah.enable</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ah.enable</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to 1, enable the Authentication Header (AH) IPsec protocol. Enabled by default. See <a class="Xr" href="/ipsec.4" aria-label="ipsec, section 4">ipsec(4)</a> for more information.</dd> <dt id="bpf.bufsize"><a class="permalink" href="#bpf.bufsize"><code class="Li">bpf.bufsize</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.bpf.bufsize</var>)</dt> <dd>The initial size of <a class="Xr" href="/bpf.4" aria-label="bpf, section 4">bpf(4)</a> buffers.</dd> <dt id="bpf.maxbufsize"><a class="permalink" href="#bpf.maxbufsize"><code class="Li">bpf.maxbufsize</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.bpf.maxbufsize</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum size a user may request a <a class="Xr" href="/bpf.4" aria-label="bpf, section 4">bpf(4)</a> buffer to be.</dd> <dt id="carp.allow"><a class="permalink" href="#carp.allow"><code class="Li">carp.allow</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.carp.allow</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to 0, incoming <a class="Xr" href="/carp.4" aria-label="carp, section 4">carp(4)</a> packets will not be processed. If set to any other value, processing will occur. Enabled by default.</dd> <dt id="carp.log"><a class="permalink" href="#carp.log"><code class="Li">carp.log</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.carp.log</var>)</dt> <dd>Controls the verbosity of <a class="Xr" href="/carp.4" aria-label="carp, section 4">carp(4)</a> logging. May be a value between 0 and 7 corresponding with <a class="Xr" href="/syslog.3" aria-label="syslog, section 3">syslog(3)</a> priorities. The default value is 2.</dd> <dt id="carp.preempt"><a class="permalink" href="#carp.preempt"><code class="Li">carp.preempt</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.carp.preempt</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to 0, <a class="Xr" href="/carp.4" aria-label="carp, section 4">carp(4)</a> will not attempt to become master if it is receiving advertisements from another active master. If set to any other value, carp will become master of the virtual host if it believes it can send advertisements more frequently than the current master. Disabled by default.</dd> <dt id="divert.recvspace"><a class="permalink" href="#divert.recvspace"><code class="Li">divert.recvspace</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.divert.recvspace</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the default divert receive buffer size.</dd> <dt id="divert.sendspace"><a class="permalink" href="#divert.sendspace"><code class="Li">divert.sendspace</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.divert.sendspace</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the default divert send buffer size.</dd> <dt id="esp.enable"><a class="permalink" href="#esp.enable"><code class="Li">esp.enable</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.esp.enable</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to 1, enable the Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) IPsec protocol. Enabled by default. See <a class="Xr" href="/ipsec.4" aria-label="ipsec, section 4">ipsec(4)</a> for more information.</dd> <dt id="esp.udpencap"><a class="permalink" href="#esp.udpencap"><code class="Li">esp.udpencap</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.esp.udpencap</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to 1, enable processing of UDP encapsulated ESP packets. Enabled by default.</dd> <dt id="esp.udpencap_port"><a class="permalink" href="#esp.udpencap_port"><code class="Li">esp.udpencap_port</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.udpencap_port</var>)</dt> <dd>Contains the value of the UDP port that triggers decapsulation for incoming UDP encapsulated ESP packets. The default port is 4500.</dd> <dt id="etherip.allow"><a class="permalink" href="#etherip.allow"><code class="Li">etherip.allow</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.etherip.allow</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to 0, incoming Ethernet-in-IPv4 packets will not be processed. If set to any other value, processing will occur.</dd> <dt id="gre.allow"><a class="permalink" href="#gre.allow"><code class="Li">gre.allow</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.gre.allow</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to 0, incoming GRE packets will not be processed. If set to any other value, processing will occur.</dd> <dt id="gre.wccp"><a class="permalink" href="#gre.wccp"><code class="Li">gre.wccp</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.gre.wccp</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to 0, incoming WCCPv1-style GRE packets will not be processed. If set to any other value, and gre.allow allows GRE packet processing, WCCPv1-style GRE packets will be processed.</dd> <dt id="icmp.bmcastecho"><a class="permalink" href="#icmp.bmcastecho"><code class="Li">icmp.bmcastecho</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.icmp.bmcastecho</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to 1, respond to ICMP echo requests destined for broadcast and multicast addresses. Note, enabling this could open a system to a type of denial of service attack called "smurfing", and is thus not advised.</dd> <dt id="icmp.errppslimit"><a class="permalink" href="#icmp.errppslimit"><code class="Li">icmp.errppslimit</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.icmp.errppslimit</var>)</dt> <dd>This variable specifies the maximum number of outgoing ICMP error messages per second. ICMP error messages exceeding this value are subject to rate limitation and will not go out from the node. A negative value disables rate limitation.</dd> <dt id="icmp.maskrepl"><a class="permalink" href="#icmp.maskrepl"><code class="Li">icmp.maskrepl</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.inet.icmp.maskrepl</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns 1 if ICMP network mask requests are to be answered.</dd> <dt id="icmp.rediraccept"><a class="permalink" href="#icmp.rediraccept"><code class="Li">icmp.rediraccept</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.inet.icmp.rediraccept</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to non-zero, the host will accept ICMP redirect packets. Note that routers will never accept ICMP redirect packets, and the variable is meaningful on IP hosts only.</dd> <dt id="icmp.redirtimeout"><a class="permalink" href="#icmp.redirtimeout"><code class="Li">icmp.redirtimeout</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.icmp.redrttimeout</var>)</dt> <dd>This variable specifies the lifetime of routing entries generated by incoming ICMP redirects. The default timeout is 10 minutes.</dd> <dt id="icmp.stats"><a class="permalink" href="#icmp.stats"><code class="Li">icmp.stats</code></a> (<var class="Va">kern.inet.icmp.stats</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the ICMP statistics in a struct icmpstat.</dd> <dt id="icmp.tstamprepl"><a class="permalink" href="#icmp.tstamprepl"><code class="Li">icmp.tstamprepl</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.icmp.tstamprepl</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to 1, reply to ICMP timestamp requests. If set to 0, ignore timestamp requests.</dd> <dt id="ip.arpqueued"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.arpqueued"><code class="Li">ip.arpqueued</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.arpqueued</var>)</dt> <dd>Number of packets ARP resolution is holding onto until it gets a MAC address for an IP.</dd> <dt id="ip.arpdown"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.arpdown"><code class="Li">ip.arpdown</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.arpdown</var>)</dt> <dd>Lifetime of unresolved ARP entries, in seconds.</dd> <dt id="ip.arptimeout"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.arptimeout"><code class="Li">ip.arptimeout</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.arptimeout</var>)</dt> <dd>Lifetime of resolved ARP entries, in seconds.</dd> <dt id="ip.arpq"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.arpq"><code class="Li">ip.arpq</code></a></dt> <dd>Fifth level comprises an array of <var class="Vt">struct ifqueue</var> structures containing information about ARP queue. The fifth level names for the elements of <var class="Vt">struct ifqueue</var> are detailed below. <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Fifth~2"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Fifth~2"><b class="Sy">Fifth level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~20"><b class="Sy" id="Type~20">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~18"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~18">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="IFQCTL_DROPS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#IFQCTL_DROPS"><code class="Dv">IFQCTL_DROPS</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="IFQCTL_LEN"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#IFQCTL_LEN"><code class="Dv">IFQCTL_LEN</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="IFQCTL_MAXLEN"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#IFQCTL_MAXLEN"><code class="Dv">IFQCTL_MAXLEN</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </table> <p class="Pp">The variables are as follows:</p> <p class="Pp"></p> <dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact"> <dt id="IFQCTL_DROPS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#IFQCTL_DROPS~2"><code class="Dv">IFQCTL_DROPS</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.arpq.drops</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns number of packet dropped.</dd> <dt id="IFQCTL_LEN~2"><a class="permalink" href="#IFQCTL_LEN~2"><code class="Dv">IFQCTL_LEN</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.arpq.len</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the current queue length.</dd> <dt id="IFQCTL_MAXLEN~2"><a class="permalink" href="#IFQCTL_MAXLEN~2"><code class="Dv">IFQCTL_MAXLEN</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.arpq.maxlen</var>)</dt> <dd>Get or set the maximum number of queue length.</dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="ip.directed-broadcast"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.directed-broadcast"><code class="Li">ip.directed-broadcast</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.directed-broadcast</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns 1 if directed broadcast behavior is enabled for the host.</dd> <dt id="ip.encdebug"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.encdebug"><code class="Li">ip.encdebug</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.encdebug</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns 1 when error message reporting is enabled for the host. If the kernel has been compiled with the <code class="Dv">ENCDEBUG</code> option, then debugging information will also be reported when this variable is set.</dd> <dt id="ip.forwarding"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.forwarding"><code class="Li">ip.forwarding</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.forwarding</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to 0, IP forwarding is disabled. The IP stack also requires the destination IP address of incoming packets to match the IP address of the network interface the packet is bound to. If set to 1, IP forwarding is enabled for the host, indicating the host is acting as a router. If set to 2, IP forwarding is restricted to traffic that has been IPsec encapsulated or decapsulated by the host. Enabling packet forwarding (values either 1 or 2) relaxes the requirements on incoming packets, so that its destination address must match just any IP address bound to the host. The default value is 0.</dd> <dt id="ip.ipsec-allocs"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.ipsec-allocs"><code class="Li">ip.ipsec-allocs</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.ipsec-allocs</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of IPsec flows that can use a security association before it expires. If set to less than or equal to zero, the security association will not expire because of this counter. The default value is 0.</dd> <dt id="ip.ipsec-auth-alg"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.ipsec-auth-alg"><code class="Li">ip.ipsec-auth-alg</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.ipsec-auth-alg</var>)</dt> <dd>This is the default authentication algorithm the kernel will instruct key management daemons to negotiate when establishing security associations on behalf of the kernel. Such security associations can occur as a result of a process having requested some security level through <a class="Xr" href="/setsockopt.2" aria-label="setsockopt, section 2">setsockopt(2)</a>, or as a result of dynamic VPN entries. Supported values are hmac-md5, hmac-sha1, and hmac-ripemd160. If set to any other value, it is left to the key management daemons to select an authentication algorithm for the security association. The default value is hmac-sha1.</dd> <dt id="ip.ipsec-bytes"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.ipsec-bytes"><code class="Li">ip.ipsec-bytes</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.ipsec-bytes</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of bytes that will be processed by a security association before it expires. If set to less than or equal to zero, the security association will not expire because of this counter. The default value is 0.</dd> <dt id="ip.ipsec-comp-alg"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.ipsec-comp-alg"><code class="Li">ip.ipsec-comp-alg</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.ipsec-comp-alg</var>)</dt> <dd>The compression algorithm to use with an IP Compression Association (IPCA). Currently the only possible value is “deflate”.</dd> <dt id="ip.ipsec-enc-alg"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.ipsec-enc-alg"><code class="Li">ip.ipsec-enc-alg</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.ipsec-enc-alg</var>)</dt> <dd>This is the default encryption algorithm the kernel will instruct key management daemons to negotiate when establishing security associations on behalf of the kernel. Such security associations can occur as a result of a process having requested some security level through <a class="Xr" href="/setsockopt.2" aria-label="setsockopt, section 2">setsockopt(2)</a>, or as a result of dynamic VPN entries. Supported values are aes, des, 3des, blowfish and cast128. If set to any other value, it is left to the key management daemons to select an encryption algorithm for the security association. The default value is aes.</dd> <dt id="ip.ipsec-expire-acquire"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.ipsec-expire-acquire"><code class="Li">ip.ipsec-expire-acquire</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.ipsec-expire-acquire</var>)</dt> <dd>How long the kernel should allow key management to dynamically acquire security associations before re-sending a request. The default value is 30 seconds.</dd> <dt id="ip.ipsec-firstuse"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.ipsec-firstuse"><code class="Li">ip.ipsec-firstuse</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.ipsec-firstuse</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of seconds after a security association is first used before it expires. If set to less than or equal to zero, the security association will not expire because of this timer. The default value is 7200 seconds.</dd> <dt id="ip.ipsec-invalid-life"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.ipsec-invalid-life"><code class="Li">ip.ipsec-invalid-life</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.ipsec-invalid-life</var>)</dt> <dd>The lifetime of embryonic Security Associations (SAs that key management daemons have reserved but not fully established yet) in seconds. If set to less than or equal to zero, embryonic SAs will not expire. The default value is 60.</dd> <dt id="ip.ipsec-pfs"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.ipsec-pfs"><code class="Li">ip.ipsec-pfs</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.ipsec-pfs</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to any non-zero value, the kernel will ask the key management daemons to use Perfect Forward Secrecy when establishing IPsec Security Associations. Perfect Forward Secrecy makes IPsec Security Associations cryptographically distinct from each other, such that breaking the key for one such SA does not compromise any others. Requiring PFS for every security association significantly increases the computational load of <a class="Xr" href="/isakmpd.8" aria-label="isakmpd, section 8">isakmpd(8)</a> exchanges. The default value is 1.</dd> <dt id="ip.ipsec-soft-allocs"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.ipsec-soft-allocs"><code class="Li">ip.ipsec-soft-allocs</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.ipsec-soft-allocs</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of IPsec flows that can use a security association before a message is sent by the kernel to key management for renegotiation of the security association. If set to less than or equal to zero, no message is sent to key management. The default value is 0.</dd> <dt id="ip.ipsec-soft-bytes"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.ipsec-soft-bytes"><code class="Li">ip.ipsec-soft-bytes</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.ipsec-soft-bytes</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of bytes that will be processed by a security association before a message is sent by the kernel to key management for renegotiation of the security association. If set to less than or equal to zero, no message is sent to key management. The default value is 0.</dd> <dt id="ip.ipsec-soft-firstuse"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.ipsec-soft-firstuse"><code class="Li">ip.ipsec-soft-firstuse</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.ipsec-soft-firstuse</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of seconds after a security association is first used before a message is sent by the kernel to key management for renegotiation of the security association. If set to less than or equal to zero, no message is sent to key management. The default value is 3600 seconds.</dd> <dt id="ip.ipsec-soft-timeout"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.ipsec-soft-timeout"><code class="Li">ip.ipsec-soft-timeout</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.ipsec-soft-timeout</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of seconds after a security association is established before a message is sent by the kernel to key management for renegotiation of the security association. If set to less than or equal to zero, no message is sent to key management. The default value is 80000 seconds.</dd> <dt id="ip.ipsec-timeout"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.ipsec-timeout"><code class="Li">ip.ipsec-timeout</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.ipsec-timeout</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of seconds after a security association is established before it will expire. If set to less than or equal to zero, the security association will not expire because of this timer. The default value is 86400 seconds.</dd> <dt id="ip.maxqueue"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.maxqueue"><code class="Li">ip.maxqueue</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.maxqueue</var>)</dt> <dd>Fragment flood protection. Sets the maximum number of unassembled IP fragments in the fragment queue.</dd> <dt id="ip.mforwarding"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.mforwarding"><code class="Li">ip.mforwarding</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.mforwarding</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to 1, then multicast forwarding is enabled for the host. The default is 0.</dd> <dt id="ip.mtudisc"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.mtudisc"><code class="Li">ip.mtudisc</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.mtudisc</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns 1 if Path MTU Discovery is enabled.</dd> <dt id="ip.mtudisctimeout"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.mtudisctimeout"><code class="Li">ip.mtudisctimeout</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.mtudisctimeout</var>)</dt> <dd>Number of seconds in which a route added by the Path MTU Discovery engine will time out. When the route times out, the Path MTU Discovery engine will attempt to probe a larger path MTU.</dd> <dt id="ip.multipath"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.multipath"><code class="Li">ip.multipath</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.multipath</var>)</dt> <dd>This variable enables multipath routing for IPv4 addresses. If set to 0, only the first route selected will be used for a given destination regardless of how many routes exist in the routing table.</dd> <dt id="ip.portfirst"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.portfirst"><code class="Li">ip.portfirst</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.portfirst</var>)</dt> <dd>Minimum registered port number for TCP/UDP port allocation. Registered ports can be used by ordinary user processes or programs executed by ordinary users. Cannot be less than 1024 or greater than 49151. Must be less than ip.portlast.</dd> <dt id="ip.porthifirst"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.porthifirst"><code class="Li">ip.porthifirst</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.porthifirst</var>)</dt> <dd>Minimum dynamic/private port number for TCP/UDP port allocation. Dynamic/private ports can be used by ordinary user processes or programs executed by ordinary users. Cannot be less than 49152 or greater than 65535. Must be less than ip.porthilast.</dd> <dt id="ip.porthilast"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.porthilast"><code class="Li">ip.porthilast</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.porthilast</var>)</dt> <dd>Maximum dynamic/private port number for TCP/UDP port allocation. Dynamic/private ports can be used by ordinary user processes or programs executed by ordinary users. Cannot be less than 49152 or greater than 65535. Must be greater than ip.porthifirst.</dd> <dt id="ip.portlast"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.portlast"><code class="Li">ip.portlast</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.portlast</var>)</dt> <dd>Maximum registered port number for TCP/UDP port allocation. Registered ports can be used by ordinary user processes or programs executed by ordinary users. Cannot be less than 1024 or greater than 49151. Must be greater than ip.portfirst.</dd> <dt id="ip.redirect"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.redirect"><code class="Li">ip.redirect</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.redirect</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns 1 when ICMP redirects may be sent by the host. This option is ignored unless the host is routing IP packets, and should normally be enabled on all systems.</dd> <dt id="ip.sourceroute"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.sourceroute"><code class="Li">ip.sourceroute</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.sourceroute</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns 1 when forwarding of source-routed packets is enabled for the host. When running with a <a class="Xr" href="/securelevel.7" aria-label="securelevel, section 7">securelevel(7)</a> greater than 0, this variable may not be changed.</dd> <dt id="ip.stats"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.stats"><code class="Li">ip.stats</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.stats</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the IP statistics in a struct ipstat.</dd> <dt id="ip.ttl"><a class="permalink" href="#ip.ttl"><code class="Li">ip.ttl</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ip.ttl</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum time-to-live (hop count) value for an IP packet sourced by the system. This value applies to normal transport protocols, not to ICMP.</dd> <dt id="ipcomp.enable"><a class="permalink" href="#ipcomp.enable"><code class="Li">ipcomp.enable</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ipcomp.enable</var>)</dt> <dd>Enable the IPComp protocol. See <a class="Xr" href="/ipcomp.4" aria-label="ipcomp, section 4">ipcomp(4)</a> for more information.</dd> <dt id="ipip.allow"><a class="permalink" href="#ipip.allow"><code class="Li">ipip.allow</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.ipip.allow</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to 0, incoming IP-in-IP packets will not be processed. If set to any other value, processing will occur; furthermore, if set to 2, no checks for spoofing of loopback addresses will be done. This is useful only for debugging purposes, and should never be used in production systems.</dd> <dt id="tcp.ackonpush"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.ackonpush"><code class="Li">tcp.ackonpush</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.ackonpush</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns 1 if TCP segments with the <code class="Dv">TH_PUSH</code> flag set are being acknowledged immediately, otherwise 0.</dd> <dt id="tcp.baddynamic"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.baddynamic"><code class="Li">tcp.baddynamic</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.baddynamic</var>)</dt> <dd>An array of <var class="Vt">in_port_t</var> is returned specifying the bitmask of TCP ports between 512 and 1023 inclusive that should not be allocated dynamically by the kernel (i.e., they must be bound specifically by port number).</dd> <dt id="tcp.ecn"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.ecn"><code class="Li">tcp.ecn</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.ecn</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns 1 if Explicit Congestion Notifications for TCP are enabled.</dd> <dt id="tcp.ident"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.ident"><code class="Li">tcp.ident</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.ident</var>)</dt> <dd>A <var class="Vt">struct tcp_ident_mapping</var> specifying a local and foreign endpoint of a TCP socket is filled in with the effective and real UIDs of the process that owns the socket. If no such socket exists, then the effective and real UID values are both set to -1.</dd> <dt id="tcp.keepidle"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.keepidle"><code class="Li">tcp.keepidle</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.keepidle</var>)</dt> <dd>If the socket option <code class="Dv">SO_KEEPALIVE</code> has been set on a socket, then this value specifies how much time in seconds a connection needs to be idle before keepalives are sent.</dd> <dt id="tcp.keepinittime"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.keepinittime"><code class="Li">tcp.keepinittime</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.keepinittime</var>)</dt> <dd>Time in seconds to keep alive the initial SYN packet of a TCP handshake.</dd> <dt id="tcp.keepintvl"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.keepintvl"><code class="Li">tcp.keepintvl</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.keepintvl</var>)</dt> <dd>Time in seconds after a keepalive probe is sent until, in the absence of any response, another probe is sent.</dd> <dt id="tcp.always_keepalive"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.always_keepalive"><code class="Li">tcp.always_keepalive</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.always_keepalive</var>)</dt> <dd>Act as if the option <code class="Dv">SO_KEEPALIVE</code> was set on all TCP sockets.</dd> <dt id="tcp.mssdflt"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.mssdflt"><code class="Li">tcp.mssdflt</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.mssdflt</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum segment size that is used as default for non-local connections. The default value is 512.</dd> <dt id="tcp.reasslimit"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.reasslimit"><code class="Li">tcp.reasslimit</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.reasslimit</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of out-of-order TCP segments the system will store for reassembly.</dd> <dt id="tcp.rfc1323"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.rfc1323"><code class="Li">tcp.rfc1323</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rfc1323</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns 1 if RFC 1323 extensions to TCP are enabled.</dd> <dt id="tcp.rfc3390"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.rfc3390"><code class="Li">tcp.rfc3390</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rfc3390</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns 1 if the TCP Initial Window is increased to 4 * MSS or 4380 bytes, as specified in RFC 3390. Returns 2 if the TCP Initial Window is increased to 10 * MSS or 14600 bytes, as specified in RFC 6928.</dd> <dt id="tcp.rootonly"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.rootonly"><code class="Li">tcp.rootonly</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rootonly</var>)</dt> <dd>An array of <var class="Vt">in_port_t</var> is returned specifying the bitmask of TCP ports that can only be bound by processes with root euid. When running with a <a class="Xr" href="/securelevel.7" aria-label="securelevel, section 7">securelevel(7)</a> greater than 0, this variable may not be changed.</dd> <dt id="tcp.rstppslimit"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.rstppslimit"><code class="Li">tcp.rstppslimit</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rstppslimit</var>)</dt> <dd>This variable specifies the maximum number of outgoing TCP RST packets per second. TCP RST packets exceeding this value are subject to rate limitation and will not go out from the node. A negative value disables rate limitation.</dd> <dt id="tcp.sack"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.sack"><code class="Li">tcp.sack</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.sack</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns 1 if RFC 2018 Selective Acknowledgements are enabled.</dd> <dt id="tcp.stats"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.stats"><code class="Li">tcp.stats</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.stats</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the TCP statistics in a struct tcpstat.</dd> <dt id="tcp.synbucketlimit"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.synbucketlimit"><code class="Li">tcp.synbucketlimit</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.synbucketlimit</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of entries allowed per hash bucket in the TCP SYN cache.</dd> <dt id="tcp.syncachelimit"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.syncachelimit"><code class="Li">tcp.syncachelimit</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.syncachelimit</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of entries allowed in the TCP SYN cache.</dd> <dt id="tcp.synhashsize"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.synhashsize"><code class="Li">tcp.synhashsize</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.synhashsize</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of buckets in the TCP SYN cache hash array. After the value is set, the actual size changes when the alternative SYN cache becomes empty and both SYN caches are swapped.</dd> <dt id="tcp.synuselimit"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.synuselimit"><code class="Li">tcp.synuselimit</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.synuselimit</var>)</dt> <dd>The minimum number of times the hash function for the TCP SYN cache is used before it is reseeded.</dd> <dt id="tcp.tso"><a class="permalink" href="#tcp.tso"><code class="Li">tcp.tso</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.tso</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to 0, disable TCP segmentation offload (TSO). If set to 1, TSO is enabled (the default).</dd> <dt id="udp.baddynamic"><a class="permalink" href="#udp.baddynamic"><code class="Li">udp.baddynamic</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.udp.baddynamic</var>)</dt> <dd>Analogous to <code class="Li">tcp.baddynamic</code> but for UDP sockets.</dd> <dt id="udp.checksum"><a class="permalink" href="#udp.checksum"><code class="Li">udp.checksum</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.udp.checksum</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns 1 when UDP checksums are being computed and checked. Disabling UDP checksums is strongly discouraged.</dd> <dt id="udp.recvspace"><a class="permalink" href="#udp.recvspace"><code class="Li">udp.recvspace</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.udp.recvspace</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the default UDP receive buffer size.</dd> <dt id="udp.rootonly"><a class="permalink" href="#udp.rootonly"><code class="Li">udp.rootonly</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.udp.rootonly</var>)</dt> <dd>Analogous to <code class="Li">tcp.rootonly</code> but for UDP sockets.</dd> <dt id="udp.sendspace"><a class="permalink" href="#udp.sendspace"><code class="Li">udp.sendspace</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.udp.sendspace</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the default UDP send buffer size.</dd> <dt id="udp.stats"><a class="permalink" href="#udp.stats"><code class="Li">udp.stats</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet.udp.stats</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the UDP statistics in a struct udpstat.</dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="PF_INET6~2"><a class="permalink" href="#PF_INET6~2"><code class="Dv">PF_INET6</code></a></dt> <dd>Get or set various global information about IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6). The third level name is the protocol. The fourth level name is the variable name. The currently defined protocols and names are: <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Protocol~2"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Protocol~2"><b class="Sy">Protocol name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Variable~2"><b class="Sy" id="Variable~2">Variable name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~21"><b class="Sy" id="Type~21">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~19"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~19">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>icmp6</td> <td>errppslimit</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>icmp6</td> <td>mtudisc_hiwat</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>icmp6</td> <td>mtudisc_lowat</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>icmp6</td> <td>nd6_debug</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>icmp6</td> <td>nd6_delay</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>icmp6</td> <td>nd6_maxnudhint</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>icmp6</td> <td>nd6_mmaxtries</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>icmp6</td> <td>nd6_umaxtries</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>icmp6</td> <td>redirtimeout</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip6</td> <td>auto_flowlabel</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip6</td> <td>dad_count</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip6</td> <td>dad_pending</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip6</td> <td>defmcasthlim</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip6</td> <td>forwarding</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip6</td> <td>hdrnestlimit</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip6</td> <td>hlim</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip6</td> <td>log_interval</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip6</td> <td>maxdynroutes</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip6</td> <td>maxfragpackets</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip6</td> <td>maxfrags</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip6</td> <td>mforwarding</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip6</td> <td>mtudisctimeout</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip6</td> <td>multicast_mtudisc</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip6</td> <td>multipath</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip6</td> <td>neighborgcthresh</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip6</td> <td>redirect</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip6</td> <td>soiikey</td> <td>uint8_t[IP6_SOIIKEY_LEN]</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ip6</td> <td>use_deprecated</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </table> <p class="Pp">The variables are as follows:</p> <p class="Pp"></p> <dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact"> <dt id="icmp6.errppslimit"><a class="permalink" href="#icmp6.errppslimit"><code class="Li">icmp6.errppslimit</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.icmp6.errppslimit</var>)</dt> <dd>This variable specifies the maximum number of outgoing ICMPv6 error messages per second. ICMPv6 error messages exceeding this value are subject to rate limitation and will not go out from the node. A negative value will disable the rate limitation. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="icmp6.mtudisc_hiwat"><a class="permalink" href="#icmp6.mtudisc_hiwat"><code class="Li">icmp6.mtudisc_hiwat</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.icmp6.mtudisc_hiwat</var>)</dt> <dd style="width: auto;"> </dd> <dt id="icmp6.mtudisc_lowat"><a class="permalink" href="#icmp6.mtudisc_lowat"><code class="Li">icmp6.mtudisc_lowat</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.icmp6.mtudisc_lowat</var>)</dt> <dd>These variables define the maximum number of routing table entries created due to path MTU discovery (preventing denial-of-service attacks with ICMPv6 too big messages). After IPv6 path MTU discovery happens, path MTU information is kept in the routing table. If the number of routing table entries exceeds this value, the kernel will not attempt to keep the path MTU information. <code class="Li">icmp6.mtudisc_hiwat</code> is used when we have verified ICMPv6 too big messages. <code class="Li">icmp6.mtudisc_lowat</code> is used when we have unverified ICMPv6 too big messages. Verification is performed by using address/port pairs kept in connected PCBs. A negative value disables the upper limit. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="icmp6.nd6_debug"><a class="permalink" href="#icmp6.nd6_debug"><code class="Li">icmp6.nd6_debug</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.icmp6.nd6_debug</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to non-zero, IPv6 neighbor discovery will generate debugging messages. The debug output is useful for diagnosing IPv6 interoperability issues. The flag must be set to 0 for normal operation. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="icmp6.nd6_delay"><a class="permalink" href="#icmp6.nd6_delay"><code class="Li">icmp6.nd6_delay</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.icmp6.nd6_delay</var>)</dt> <dd>This variable specifies the <code class="Dv">DELAY_FIRST_PROBE_TIME</code> timing constant in IPv6 neighbor discovery specification (RFC 4861), in seconds. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="icmp6.nd6_maxnudhint"><a class="permalink" href="#icmp6.nd6_maxnudhint"><code class="Li">icmp6.nd6_maxnudhint</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.icmp6.nd6_maxnudhint</var>)</dt> <dd>IPv6 neighbor discovery permits upper layer protocols to supply reachability hints, to avoid unnecessary neighbor discovery exchanges. This variable defines the number of consecutive hints the neighbor discovery layer will take. For example, by setting the variable to 3, neighbor discovery will take a maximum of 3 consecutive hints. After receiving 3 hints, the neighbor discovery layer will instead perform the normal neighbor discovery process. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="icmp6.nd6_mmaxtries"><a class="permalink" href="#icmp6.nd6_mmaxtries"><code class="Li">icmp6.nd6_mmaxtries</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.icmp6.nd6_mmaxtries</var>)</dt> <dd>This variable specifies the <code class="Dv">MAX_MULTICAST_SOLICIT</code> constant in IPv6 neighbor discovery specification (RFC 4861). <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="icmp6.nd6_umaxtries"><a class="permalink" href="#icmp6.nd6_umaxtries"><code class="Li">icmp6.nd6_umaxtries</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.icmp6.nd6_umaxtries</var>)</dt> <dd>This variable specifies the <code class="Dv">MAX_UNICAST_SOLICIT</code> constant in IPv6 neighbor discovery specification (RFC 4861). <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="icmp6.redirtimeout"><a class="permalink" href="#icmp6.redirtimeout"><code class="Li">icmp6.redirtimeout</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.icmp6.redirtimeout</var>)</dt> <dd>The variable specifies the lifetime of routing entries generated by incoming ICMPv6 redirects. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="ip6.auto_flowlabel"><a class="permalink" href="#ip6.auto_flowlabel"><code class="Li">ip6.auto_flowlabel</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.ip6.auto_flowlabel</var>)</dt> <dd>On connected transport protocol packets, fill the IPv6 flowlabel field to help intermediate routers identify packet flows. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="ip6.dad_count"><a class="permalink" href="#ip6.dad_count"><code class="Li">ip6.dad_count</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.ip6.dad_count</var>)</dt> <dd>This variable configures the number of IPv6 DAD (duplicated address detection) probe packets. These packets are generated when IPv6 interfaces are first brought up. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="ip6.dad_pending"><a class="permalink" href="#ip6.dad_pending"><code class="Li">ip6.dad_pending</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.ip6.dad_pending</var>)</dt> <dd>This variable displays the number of pending IPv6 DAD (duplicated address detection) before completion. It is used to make sure that DAD is completed before <a class="Xr" href="/netstart.8" aria-label="netstart, section 8">netstart(8)</a> is executed. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="ip6.defmcasthlim"><a class="permalink" href="#ip6.defmcasthlim"><code class="Li">ip6.defmcasthlim</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.ip6.defmcasthlim</var>)</dt> <dd>The default hop limit value for an IPv6 multicast packet sourced by the node. This value applies to all the transport protocols on top of IPv6. Methods for overriding this value are documented in <a class="Xr" href="/ip6.4" aria-label="ip6, section 4">ip6(4)</a>. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="ip6.forwarding"><a class="permalink" href="#ip6.forwarding"><code class="Li">ip6.forwarding</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.ip6.forwarding</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns 1 when IPv6 forwarding is enabled for the node, meaning that the node is acting as a router. Returns 0 when IPv6 forwarding is disabled for the node, meaning that the node is acting as a host. Note that IPv6 defines node behavior for the “router” and “host” cases quite differently, and changing this variable during operation may cause serious trouble. Hence, this variable should only be set at bootstrap time. As with IPv4, if forwarding is disabled then the destination address of incoming packets must match the IP address bound to the interface. If forwarding is enabled, the check is relaxed so that the destination IP address of incoming packets must match just any address bound to the host. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="ip6.hdrnestlimit"><a class="permalink" href="#ip6.hdrnestlimit"><code class="Li">ip6.hdrnestlimit</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.ip6.hdrnestlimit</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of IPv6 extension headers permitted on incoming IPv6 packets. If set to 0, the node will accept as many extension headers as possible. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="ip6.hlim"><a class="permalink" href="#ip6.hlim"><code class="Li">ip6.hlim</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.ip6.hlim</var>)</dt> <dd>The default hop limit value for an IPv6 unicast packet sourced by the node. This value applies to all the transport protocols on top of IPv6. Methods for overriding this value are documented in <a class="Xr" href="/ip6.4" aria-label="ip6, section 4">ip6(4)</a>. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="ip6.log_interval"><a class="permalink" href="#ip6.log_interval"><code class="Li">ip6.log_interval</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.ip6.log_interval</var>)</dt> <dd>This variable permits adjusting the amount of logs generated by the IPv6 packet forwarding engine. The value indicates the number of seconds of interval which must elapse between log output. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="ip6.maxdynroutes"><a class="permalink" href="#ip6.maxdynroutes"><code class="Li">ip6.maxdynroutes</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.ip6.maxdynroutes</var>)</dt> <dd>Maximum number of routes created by redirect. Set to negative to disable. The default value is 4096. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="ip6.maxfragpackets"><a class="permalink" href="#ip6.maxfragpackets"><code class="Li">ip6.maxfragpackets</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.ip6.maxfragpackets</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of fragmented packets the node will accept. 0 means that the node will not accept any fragmented packets. -1 means that the node will accept as many fragmented packets as it receives. The flag is provided basically for avoiding possible DoS attacks. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="ip6.maxfrags"><a class="permalink" href="#ip6.maxfrags"><code class="Li">ip6.maxfrags</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.ip6.maxfrags</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum number of fragments the node will accept. 0 means that the node will not accept any fragments. -1 means that the node will accept as many fragments as it receives. The flag is provided basically for avoiding possible DoS attacks. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="ip6.mforwarding"><a class="permalink" href="#ip6.mforwarding"><code class="Li">ip6.mforwarding</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.ip6.mforwarding</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to 1, then multicast forwarding is enabled for the host. The default is 0. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="ip6.multicast_mtudisc"><a class="permalink" href="#ip6.multicast_mtudisc"><code class="Li">ip6.multicast_mtudisc</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.ip6.multicast_mtudisc</var>)</dt> <dd>This variable controls generation of ICMPv6 Too Big messages when the machine is performing as an IPv6 multicast router. If set to 1, an ICMPv6 Too Big message will be generated for multicast packets which were too big to be forwarded. If set to 0, the ICMPv6 Too Big message will be suppressed. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="ip6.multipath"><a class="permalink" href="#ip6.multipath"><code class="Li">ip6.multipath</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.ip6.multipath</var>)</dt> <dd>This variable enables multipath routing for IPv6 addresses. If set to 0, only the first route selected will be used for a given destination regardless of how many routes exist in the routing table. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="ip6.mtudisctimeout"><a class="permalink" href="#ip6.mtudisctimeout"><code class="Li">ip6.mtudisctimeout</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.ip6.mtudisctimeout</var>)</dt> <dd>Number of seconds in which a route added by the Path MTU Discovery engine will time out. When the route times out, the Path MTU Discovery engine will attempt to probe a larger path MTU. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="ip6.neighborgcthresh"><a class="permalink" href="#ip6.neighborgcthresh"><code class="Li">ip6.neighborgcthresh</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.ip6.neighborgcthresh</var>)</dt> <dd>Maximum number of entries in neighbor cache. Set to negative to disable. The default value is 2048. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="ip6.redirect"><a class="permalink" href="#ip6.redirect"><code class="Li">ip6.redirect</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.ip6.redirect</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns 1 when ICMPv6 redirects may be sent by the node. This option is ignored unless the node is routing IP packets, and should normally be enabled on all systems. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="ip6.soii"><a class="permalink" href="#ip6.soii"><code class="Li">ip6.soii</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.ip6.soiikey</var>)</dt> <dd>This variable configures the secret key for the RFC 7217 algorithm to calculate a persistent Semantically Opaque Interface Identifier (SOII) for IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) addresses. It must be <code class="Dv">IP6_SOIIKEY_LEN</code> bytes long. <p class="Pp"></p> </dd> <dt id="ip6.use_deprecated"><a class="permalink" href="#ip6.use_deprecated"><code class="Li">ip6.use_deprecated</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.inet6.ip6.use_deprecated</var>)</dt> <dd>This variable controls the use of deprecated addresses, specified in RFC 4862 5.5.4.</dd> </dl> <p class="Pp">We reuse <code class="Li">net.inet.tcp</code> and <code class="Li">net.inet.udp</code> for TCP/UDP over IPv6.</p> </dd> <dt id="PF_UNIX~2"><a class="permalink" href="#PF_UNIX~2"><code class="Dv">PF_UNIX</code></a></dt> <dd>Get or set various global information about UNIX-domain protocol family. The third level name is the socket type. The fourth level name is the variable name. The currently defined socket types and names are: <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Socket"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Socket"><b class="Sy">Socket type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Variable~3"><b class="Sy" id="Variable~3">Variable name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~22"><b class="Sy" id="Type~22">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~20"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~20">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>stream</td> <td>recvspace</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>stream</td> <td>sendspace</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>dgram</td> <td>recvspace</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>dgram</td> <td>sendspace</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>seqpacket</td> <td>recvspace</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>seqpacket</td> <td>sendspace</td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>inflight</td> <td></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr> <td>deferred</td> <td></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> </table> <p class="Pp">The variables are as follows:</p> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="stream.recvspace"><a class="permalink" href="#stream.recvspace"><code class="Li">stream.recvspace</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.unix.stream.recvspace</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the default <code class="Dv">SOCK_STREAM</code> receive buffer size.</dd> <dt id="stream.sendspace"><a class="permalink" href="#stream.sendspace"><code class="Li">stream.sendspace</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.unix.stream.sendspace</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the default <code class="Dv">SOCK_STREAM</code> send buffer size.</dd> <dt id="dgram.recvspace"><a class="permalink" href="#dgram.recvspace"><code class="Li">dgram.recvspace</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.unix.dgram.recvspace</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the default <code class="Dv">SOCK_DGRAM</code> receive buffer size.</dd> <dt id="dgram.sendspace"><a class="permalink" href="#dgram.sendspace"><code class="Li">dgram.sendspace</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.unix.dgram.sendspace</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the default <code class="Dv">SOCK_DGRAM</code> send buffer size.</dd> <dt id="seqpacket.recvspace"><a class="permalink" href="#seqpacket.recvspace"><code class="Li">seqpacket.recvspace</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.unix.seqpacket.recvspace</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the default <code class="Dv">SOCK_SEQPACKET</code> receive buffer size.</dd> <dt id="seqpacket.sendspace"><a class="permalink" href="#seqpacket.sendspace"><code class="Li">seqpacket.sendspace</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.unix.seqpacket.sendspace</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the default <code class="Dv">SOCK_SEQPACKET</code> send buffer size.</dd> <dt id="inflight"><a class="permalink" href="#inflight"><code class="Li">inflight</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.unix.inflight</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the number of file descriptors inflight.</dd> <dt id="deferred"><a class="permalink" href="#deferred"><code class="Li">deferred</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.unix.deferred</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the number of file descriptors to be closed.</dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="PF_KEY~2"><a class="permalink" href="#PF_KEY~2"><code class="Dv">PF_KEY</code></a></dt> <dd>Return <a class="Xr" href="/ipsec.4" aria-label="ipsec, section 4">ipsec(4)</a> database dumps. The second level name is <code class="Dv">PF_KEY_V2</code>. The third level name selects the database as follows: <p class="Pp"></p> <div class="Bd-indent"> <dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact"> <dt id="NET_KEY_SADB_DUMP"><a class="permalink" href="#NET_KEY_SADB_DUMP"><code class="Dv">NET_KEY_SADB_DUMP</code></a></dt> <dd>Security Association database (SADB).</dd> <dt id="NET_KEY_SPD_DUMP"><a class="permalink" href="#NET_KEY_SPD_DUMP"><code class="Dv">NET_KEY_SPD_DUMP</code></a></dt> <dd>IPsec flow database (SPD).</dd> </dl> </div> </dd> <dt id="PF_MPLS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#PF_MPLS~2"><code class="Dv">PF_MPLS</code></a></dt> <dd>Get or set global information about MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching). <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third~15"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third~15"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~23"><b class="Sy" id="Type~23">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~21"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~21">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="MPLSCTL_DEFTTL"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#MPLSCTL_DEFTTL"><code class="Dv">MPLSCTL_DEFTTL</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="MPLSCTL_MAPTTL_IP"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#MPLSCTL_MAPTTL_IP"><code class="Dv">MPLSCTL_MAPTTL_IP</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="MPLSCTL_MAPTTL_IP6"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#MPLSCTL_MAPTTL_IP6"><code class="Dv">MPLSCTL_MAPTTL_IP6</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </table> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="MPLSCTL_DEFTTL~2"><a class="permalink" href="#MPLSCTL_DEFTTL~2"><code class="Dv">MPLSCTL_DEFTTL</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.mpls.ttl</var>)</dt> <dd>Set or get the default TTL value which is used for MPLS (Shim) Header. The default is 255.</dd> <dt id="MPLSCTL_MAPTTL_IP~2"><a class="permalink" href="#MPLSCTL_MAPTTL_IP~2"><code class="Dv">MPLSCTL_MAPTTL_IP</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.mpls.mapttl_ip</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to 1, the TTL field is synchronized between the IP header and the MPLS label stack. If set to 0, the IP header TTL is not modified while passing through MPLS and the MPLS label stack is initialized with the <code class="Dv">MPLSCTL_DEFTTL</code>. The default is 1.</dd> <dt id="MPLSCTL_MAPTTL_IP6~2"><a class="permalink" href="#MPLSCTL_MAPTTL_IP6~2"><code class="Dv">MPLSCTL_MAPTTL_IP6</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.mpls.mapttl_ip6</var>)</dt> <dd>If set to 1, the TTL field is synchronized between the IPv6 header and the MPLS label stack. If set to 0, the IPv6 header TTL is not modified while passing through MPLS and the MPLS label stack is initialized with the <code class="Dv">MPLSCTL_DEFTTL</code>. The default is 0.</dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="PF_PIPEX~2"><a class="permalink" href="#PF_PIPEX~2"><code class="Dv">PF_PIPEX</code></a> (<var class="Va">net.pipex</var>)</dt> <dd>Get or set global information about PIPEX. <p class="Pp">The currently defined variable names are:</p> <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third~16"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third~16"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~24"><b class="Sy" id="Type~24">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~22"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~22">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="PIPEXCTL_ENABLE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#PIPEXCTL_ENABLE"><code class="Dv">PIPEXCTL_ENABLE</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </table> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="PIPEXCTL_ENABLE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#PIPEXCTL_ENABLE~2"><code class="Dv">PIPEXCTL_ENABLE</code></a></dt> <dd>If set to 1, enable PIPEX processing. The default is 0.</dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> </section> <section class="Ss"> <h3 class="Ss" id="CTL_VFS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#CTL_VFS~2">CTL_VFS</a></h3> <p class="Pp">The string and integer information available for the <code class="Dv">CTL_VFS</code> level is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value.</p> <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Second~7"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Second~7"><b class="Sy">Second level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~25"><b class="Sy" id="Type~25">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~23"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~23">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="VFS_GENERIC"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#VFS_GENERIC"><code class="Dv">VFS_GENERIC</code></a></td> <td>VFS generic info</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="filesystem"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#filesystem"><code class="Dv">filesystem #</code></a></td> <td>filesystem info</td> <td>no</td> </tr> </table> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="VFS_GENERIC~2"><a class="permalink" href="#VFS_GENERIC~2"><code class="Dv">VFS_GENERIC</code></a></dt> <dd>This second level identifier requests generic information about the VFS layer. Within it, the following third level identifiers exist: <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third~17"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third~17"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~26"><b class="Sy" id="Type~26">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~24"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~24">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="VFS_CONF"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#VFS_CONF"><code class="Dv">VFS_CONF</code></a></td> <td>struct vfsconf</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="VFS_MAXTYPENUM"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#VFS_MAXTYPENUM"><code class="Dv">VFS_MAXTYPENUM</code></a></td> <td>int</td> <td>no</td> </tr> </table> </dd> <dt>filesystem #</dt> <dd>After finding the filesystem dependent <var class="Va">vfc_typenum</var> using <code class="Dv">VFS_GENERIC</code> with <code class="Dv">VFS_CONF</code>, it is possible to access filesystem dependent information. <p class="Pp">Some filesystems may contain settings.</p> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt>FFS</dt> <dd> <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third~18"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third~18"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~27"><b class="Sy" id="Type~27">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~25"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~25">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="FFS_DIRHASH_DIRSIZE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_DIRHASH_DIRSIZE"><code class="Dv">FFS_DIRHASH_DIRSIZE</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="FFS_DIRHASH_MAXMEM"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_DIRHASH_MAXMEM"><code class="Dv">FFS_DIRHASH_MAXMEM</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="FFS_DIRHASH_MEM"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_DIRHASH_MEM"><code class="Dv">FFS_DIRHASH_MEM</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="FFS_MAX_SOFTDEPS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_MAX_SOFTDEPS"><code class="Dv">FFS_MAX_SOFTDEPS</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="FFS_SD_BLK_LIMIT_HIT"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_BLK_LIMIT_HIT"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_BLK_LIMIT_HIT</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="FFS_SD_BLK_LIMIT_PUSH"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_BLK_LIMIT_PUSH"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_BLK_LIMIT_PUSH</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="FFS_SD_DIR_ENTRY"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_DIR_ENTRY"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_DIR_ENTRY</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="FFS_SD_DIRECT_BLK_PTRS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_DIRECT_BLK_PTRS"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_DIRECT_BLK_PTRS</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="FFS_SD_INDIR_BLK_PTRS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_INDIR_BLK_PTRS"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_INDIR_BLK_PTRS</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="FFS_SD_INO_LIMIT_HIT"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_INO_LIMIT_HIT"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_INO_LIMIT_HIT</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="FFS_SD_INO_LIMIT_PUSH"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_INO_LIMIT_PUSH"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_INO_LIMIT_PUSH</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="FFS_SD_INODE_BITMAP"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_INODE_BITMAP"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_INODE_BITMAP</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="FFS_SD_SYNC_LIMIT_HIT"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_SYNC_LIMIT_HIT"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_SYNC_LIMIT_HIT</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="FFS_SD_TICKDELAY"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_TICKDELAY"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_TICKDELAY</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="FFS_SD_WORKLIST_PUSH"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_WORKLIST_PUSH"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_WORKLIST_PUSH</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </table> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="FFS_DIRHASH_DIRSIZE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_DIRHASH_DIRSIZE~2"><code class="Dv">FFS_DIRHASH_DIRSIZE</code></a> (<var class="Va">vfs.ffs.dirhash_dirsize</var>)</dt> <dd>The minimum size of a directory, in bytes, before it is considered for hashing.</dd> <dt id="FFS_DIRHASH_MAXMEM~2"><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_DIRHASH_MAXMEM~2"><code class="Dv">FFS_DIRHASH_MAXMEM</code></a> (<var class="Va">vfs.ffs.dirhash_maxmem</var>)</dt> <dd>The maximum amount of memory, in bytes, to be used for storing directory hashes.</dd> <dt id="FFS_DIRHASH_MEM~2"><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_DIRHASH_MEM~2"><code class="Dv">FFS_DIRHASH_MEM</code></a> (<var class="Va">vfs.ffs.dirhash_mem</var>)</dt> <dd>The amount of memory currently used by all directory hashes.</dd> <dt id="FFS_MAX_SOFTDEPS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_MAX_SOFTDEPS~2"><code class="Dv">FFS_MAX_SOFTDEPS</code></a> (<var class="Va">vfs.ffs.max_softdeps</var>)</dt> <dd>Maximum structures before slowdowns.</dd> <dt id="FFS_SD_BLK_LIMIT_HIT~2"><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_BLK_LIMIT_HIT~2"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_BLK_LIMIT_HIT</code></a> (<var class="Va">vfs.ffs.sd_blk_limit_hit</var>)</dt> <dd>Number of times block slowdown imposed.</dd> <dt id="FFS_SD_BLK_LIMIT_PUSH~2"><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_BLK_LIMIT_PUSH~2"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_BLK_LIMIT_PUSH</code></a> (<var class="Va">vfs.ffs.sd_blk_limit_push</var>)</dt> <dd>Number of times block limit neared.</dd> <dt id="FFS_SD_DIR_ENTRY~2"><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_DIR_ENTRY~2"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_DIR_ENTRY</code></a> (<var class="Va">vfs.ffs.sd_dir_entry</var>)</dt> <dd>Bufs redirtied as dir entry cannot write.</dd> <dt id="FFS_SD_DIRECT_BLK_PTRS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_DIRECT_BLK_PTRS~2"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_DIRECT_BLK_PTRS</code></a> (<var class="Va">vfs.ffs.sd_direct_blk_ptrs</var>)</dt> <dd>Bufs redirtied as direct ptrs not written.</dd> <dt id="FFS_SD_INDIR_BLK_PTRS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_INDIR_BLK_PTRS~2"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_INDIR_BLK_PTRS</code></a> (<var class="Va">vfs.ffs.sd_indir_blk_ptrs</var>)</dt> <dd>Bufs redirtied as indirect ptrs not written.</dd> <dt id="FFS_SD_INO_LIMIT_HIT~2"><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_INO_LIMIT_HIT~2"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_INO_LIMIT_HIT</code></a> (<var class="Va">vfs.ffs.sd_ino_limit_hit</var>)</dt> <dd>Number of times inode limit imposed.</dd> <dt id="FFS_SD_INO_LIMIT_PUSH~2"><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_INO_LIMIT_PUSH~2"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_INO_LIMIT_PUSH</code></a> (<var class="Va">vfs.ffs.sd_ino_limit_push</var>)</dt> <dd>Number of times inode limit neared.</dd> <dt id="FFS_SD_INODE_BITMAP~2"><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_INODE_BITMAP~2"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_INODE_BITMAP</code></a> (<var class="Va">vfs.ffs.sd_inode_bitmap</var>)</dt> <dd>Bufs redirtied as inode bitmap not written.</dd> <dt id="FFS_SD_SYNC_LIMIT_HIT~2"><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_SYNC_LIMIT_HIT~2"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_SYNC_LIMIT_HIT</code></a> (<var class="Va">vfs.ffs.sd_sync_limit_hit</var>)</dt> <dd>Number of synchronous slowdowns imposed.</dd> <dt id="FFS_SD_TICKDELAY~2"><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_TICKDELAY~2"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_TICKDELAY</code></a> (<var class="Va">vfs.ffs.sd_tickdelay</var>)</dt> <dd>Ticks to pause during slowdown.</dd> <dt id="FFS_SD_WORKLIST_PUSH~2"><a class="permalink" href="#FFS_SD_WORKLIST_PUSH~2"><code class="Dv">FFS_SD_WORKLIST_PUSH</code></a> (<var class="Va">vfs.ffs.sd_worklist_push</var>)</dt> <dd>Number of worklist cleanups.</dd> </dl> </dd> <dt>NFS</dt> <dd> <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third~19"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third~19"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~28"><b class="Sy" id="Type~28">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~26"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~26">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="NFS_NFSSTATS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#NFS_NFSSTATS"><code class="Dv">NFS_NFSSTATS</code></a></td> <td>struct nfsstats</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="NFS_NIOTHREADS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#NFS_NIOTHREADS"><code class="Dv">NFS_NIOTHREADS</code></a></td> <td>int</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </table> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="NFS_NIOTHREADS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#NFS_NIOTHREADS~2"><code class="Dv">NFS_NIOTHREADS</code></a> (<var class="Va">vfs.nfs.iothreads</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of I/O kernel threads for NFS clients. The default is 4; the maximum is 20.</dd> </dl> </dd> <dt>FUSE</dt> <dd> <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third~20"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third~20"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~29"><b class="Sy" id="Type~29">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~27"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~27">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="FUSEFS_INFBUFS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#FUSEFS_INFBUFS"><code class="Dv">FUSEFS_INFBUFS</code></a></td> <td>int</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="FUSEFS_OPENDEVS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#FUSEFS_OPENDEVS"><code class="Dv">FUSEFS_OPENDEVS</code></a></td> <td>int</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="FUSEFS_POOL_NBPAGES"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#FUSEFS_POOL_NBPAGES"><code class="Dv">FUSEFS_POOL_NBPAGES</code></a></td> <td>int</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="FUSEFS_WAITFBUFS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#FUSEFS_WAITFBUFS"><code class="Dv">FUSEFS_WAITFBUFS</code></a></td> <td>int</td> <td>no</td> </tr> </table> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="FUSEFS_INFBUFS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#FUSEFS_INFBUFS~2"><code class="Dv">FUSEFS_INFBUFS</code></a> (<var class="Va">vfs.fuse.fusefs_fbufs_in</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of inbound fusebufs.</dd> <dt id="FUSEFS_OPENDEVS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#FUSEFS_OPENDEVS~2"><code class="Dv">FUSEFS_OPENDEVS</code></a> (<var class="Va">vfs.fuse.fusefs_open_devices</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of FUSE devices opened.</dd> <dt id="FUSEFS_POOL_NBPAGES~2"><a class="permalink" href="#FUSEFS_POOL_NBPAGES~2"><code class="Dv">FUSEFS_POOL_NBPAGES</code></a> (<var class="Va">vfs.fuse.fusefs_pool_pages</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of pages used for fusebuf memory.</dd> <dt id="FUSEFS_WAITFBUFS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#FUSEFS_WAITFBUFS~2"><code class="Dv">FUSEFS_WAITFBUFS</code></a> (<var class="Va">vfs.fuse.fusefs_fbufs_wait</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of fusebufs waiting for a response.</dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> </section> <section class="Ss"> <h3 class="Ss" id="CTL_VM~2"><a class="permalink" href="#CTL_VM~2">CTL_VM</a></h3> <p class="Pp">The string and integer information available for the <code class="Dv">CTL_VM</code> level is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value.</p> <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Second~8"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Second~8"><b class="Sy">Second level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~30"><b class="Sy" id="Type~30">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~28"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~28">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="VM_ANONMIN"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#VM_ANONMIN"><code class="Dv">VM_ANONMIN</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="VM_LOADAVG"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#VM_LOADAVG"><code class="Dv">VM_LOADAVG</code></a></td> <td>struct loadavg</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="VM_MALLOC_CONF"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#VM_MALLOC_CONF"><code class="Dv">VM_MALLOC_CONF</code></a></td> <td>string</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="VM_MAXSLP"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#VM_MAXSLP"><code class="Dv">VM_MAXSLP</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="VM_METER"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#VM_METER"><code class="Dv">VM_METER</code></a></td> <td>struct vmtotal</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="VM_NKMEMPAGES"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#VM_NKMEMPAGES"><code class="Dv">VM_NKMEMPAGES</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="VM_PSSTRINGS"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#VM_PSSTRINGS"><code class="Dv">VM_PSSTRINGS</code></a></td> <td>struct psstrings</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="VM_SWAPENCRYPT"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#VM_SWAPENCRYPT"><code class="Dv">VM_SWAPENCRYPT</code></a></td> <td>swap encrypt values</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="VM_USPACE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#VM_USPACE"><code class="Dv">VM_USPACE</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="VM_UVMEXP"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#VM_UVMEXP"><code class="Dv">VM_UVMEXP</code></a></td> <td>struct uvmexp</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="VM_VNODEMIN"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#VM_VNODEMIN"><code class="Dv">VM_VNODEMIN</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr id="VM_VTEXTMIN"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#VM_VTEXTMIN"><code class="Dv">VM_VTEXTMIN</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </table> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="VM_ANONMIN~2"><a class="permalink" href="#VM_ANONMIN~2"><code class="Dv">VM_ANONMIN</code></a> (<var class="Va">vm.anonmin</var>)</dt> <dd>Percentage of physical memory available for pages which contain anonymous mapping.</dd> <dt id="VM_LOADAVG~2"><a class="permalink" href="#VM_LOADAVG~2"><code class="Dv">VM_LOADAVG</code></a> (<var class="Va">vm.loadavg</var>)</dt> <dd>Return the load average history. The returned data consists of a <var class="Vt">struct loadavg</var>.</dd> <dt id="VM_MALLOC_CONF~2"><a class="permalink" href="#VM_MALLOC_CONF~2"><code class="Dv">VM_MALLOC_CONF</code></a> (<var class="Va">vm.malloc_conf</var>)</dt> <dd>String of option flags for the <a class="Xr" href="/malloc.3" aria-label="malloc, section 3">malloc(3)</a> family of functions which will be applied to all programs starting in the future. The string contains a maximum of 15 characters.</dd> <dt id="VM_MAXSLP~2"><a class="permalink" href="#VM_MAXSLP~2"><code class="Dv">VM_MAXSLP</code></a> (<var class="Va">vm.maxslp</var>)</dt> <dd>The time for a process to be blocked before being swappable, in seconds.</dd> <dt id="VM_METER~2"><a class="permalink" href="#VM_METER~2"><code class="Dv">VM_METER</code></a> (<var class="Va">vm.vmmeter</var>)</dt> <dd>Return the system wide virtual memory statistics. The returned data consists of a <var class="Vt">struct vmtotal</var>.</dd> <dt id="VM_NKMEMPAGES~2"><a class="permalink" href="#VM_NKMEMPAGES~2"><code class="Dv">VM_NKMEMPAGES</code></a> (<var class="Va">vm.nkmempages</var>)</dt> <dd>Number of pages in kmem_map.</dd> <dt id="VM_PSSTRINGS~2"><a class="permalink" href="#VM_PSSTRINGS~2"><code class="Dv">VM_PSSTRINGS</code></a> (<var class="Va">vm.psstrings</var>)</dt> <dd>Returns the address of the process <var class="Vt">struct ps_strings</var>. The <a class="Xr" href="/ps.1" aria-label="ps, section 1">ps(1)</a> program uses it to locate the argument and environment strings.</dd> <dt id="VM_SWAPENCRYPT~2"><a class="permalink" href="#VM_SWAPENCRYPT~2"><code class="Dv">VM_SWAPENCRYPT</code></a></dt> <dd>Contains statistics about swap encryption. The string and integer information available for the third level is detailed below. <table class="Bl-column Bd-indent"> <tr id="Third~21"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Third~21"><b class="Sy">Third level name</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Type~31"><b class="Sy" id="Type~31">Type</b></a></td> <td><a class="permalink" href="#Changeable~29"><b class="Sy" id="Changeable~29">Changeable</b></a></td> </tr> <tr id="SWPENC_CREATED"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#SWPENC_CREATED"><code class="Dv">SWPENC_CREATED</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="SWPENC_DELETED"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#SWPENC_DELETED"><code class="Dv">SWPENC_DELETED</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>no</td> </tr> <tr id="SWPENC_ENABLE"> <td><a class="permalink" href="#SWPENC_ENABLE"><code class="Dv">SWPENC_ENABLE</code></a></td> <td>integer</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> </table> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="SWPENC_CREATED~2"><a class="permalink" href="#SWPENC_CREATED~2"><code class="Dv">SWPENC_CREATED</code></a> (<var class="Va">vm.swapencrypt.keyscreated</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of encryption keys that have been randomly created. The swap partition is divided into sections of normally 512KB. Each section has its own encryption key.</dd> <dt id="SWPENC_DELETED~2"><a class="permalink" href="#SWPENC_DELETED~2"><code class="Dv">SWPENC_DELETED</code></a> (<var class="Va">vm.swapencrypt.keysdeleted</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of encryption keys that have been deleted, thus effectively erasing the data that has been encrypted with them. Encryption keys are deleted when their reference counter reaches zero.</dd> <dt id="SWPENC_ENABLE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#SWPENC_ENABLE~2"><code class="Dv">SWPENC_ENABLE</code></a> (<var class="Va">vm.swapencrypt.enable</var>)</dt> <dd>Set to 1 to enable swap encryption for all processes. A 0 disables swap encryption. Turning this option on does not affect swap data already on the disk, but all newly written data will be encrypted. When swap encryption is turned on, automatic <a class="Xr" href="/crash.8" aria-label="crash, section 8">crash(8)</a> dumps are disabled.</dd> </dl> </dd> <dt id="VM_USPACE~2"><a class="permalink" href="#VM_USPACE~2"><code class="Dv">VM_USPACE</code></a> (<var class="Va">vm.uspace</var>)</dt> <dd>The number of bytes allocated for each kernel stack.</dd> <dt id="VM_UVMEXP~2"><a class="permalink" href="#VM_UVMEXP~2"><code class="Dv">VM_UVMEXP</code></a> (<var class="Va">vm.uvmexp</var>)</dt> <dd>Contains statistics about the UVM memory management system.</dd> <dt id="VM_VNODEMIN~2"><a class="permalink" href="#VM_VNODEMIN~2"><code class="Dv">VM_VNODEMIN</code></a> (<var class="Va">vm.vnodemin</var>)</dt> <dd>Percentage of physical memory available for pages which contain cached file data.</dd> <dt id="VM_VTEXTMIN~2"><a class="permalink" href="#VM_VTEXTMIN~2"><code class="Dv">VM_VTEXTMIN</code></a> (<var class="Va">vm.vtextmin</var>)</dt> <dd>Percentage of physical memory available for pages which contain cached executable data.</dd> </dl> </section> </section> <section class="Sh"> <h2 class="Sh" id="RETURN_VALUES"><a class="permalink" href="#RETURN_VALUES">RETURN VALUES</a></h2> <p class="Pp">If the call to <code class="Fn">sysctl</code>() is unsuccessful, -1 is returned and <var class="Va">errno</var> is set appropriately.</p> </section> <section class="Sh"> <h2 class="Sh" id="FILES"><a class="permalink" href="#FILES">FILES</a></h2> <dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact"> <dt><code class="In"><<a class="In">sys/sysctl.h</a>></code></dt> <dd>top level identifiers and second level kernel and hardware identifiers</dd> <dt><code class="In"><<a class="In">sys/socket.h</a>></code></dt> <dd>second level network identifiers</dd> <dt><code class="In"><<a class="In">sys/gmon.h</a>></code></dt> <dd>third level profiling identifiers</dd> <dt><code class="In"><<a class="In">uvm/uvmexp.h</a>></code></dt> <dd>second level virtual memory identifiers</dd> <dt><code class="In"><<a class="In">uvm/uvm_swap_encrypt.h</a>></code></dt> <dd>third level virtual memory identifiers</dd> <dt><code class="In"><<a class="In">net/if.h</a>></code></dt> <dd>packet input/output queue identifiers</dd> <dt><code class="In"><<a class="In">net/pipex.h</a>></code></dt> <dd>third level PIPEX identifiers</dd> <dt><code class="In"><<a class="In">netinet/in.h</a>></code></dt> <dd>third and fourth level IPv4/v6 identifiers</dd> <dt><code class="In"><<a class="In">netinet/ip_divert.h</a>></code></dt> <dd>fourth level divert identifiers</dd> <dt><code class="In"><<a class="In">netinet/icmp_var.h</a>></code></dt> <dd>fourth level ICMP identifiers</dd> <dt><code class="In"><<a class="In">netinet/icmp6.h</a>></code></dt> <dd>fourth level ICMPv6 identifiers</dd> <dt><code class="In"><<a class="In">netinet/tcp_var.h</a>></code></dt> <dd>fourth level TCP identifiers</dd> <dt><code class="In"><<a class="In">netinet/udp_var.h</a>></code></dt> <dd>fourth level UDP identifiers</dd> <dt><code class="In"><<a class="In">ddb/db_var.h</a>></code></dt> <dd>second level ddb identifiers</dd> <dt><code class="In"><<a class="In">sys/mount.h</a>></code></dt> <dd>second level vfs identifiers</dd> <dt><code class="In"><<a class="In">miscfs/fuse/fusefs.h</a>></code></dt> <dd>third level fusefs identifiers</dd> <dt><code class="In"><<a class="In">nfs/nfs.h</a>></code></dt> <dd>third level NFS identifiers</dd> <dt><code class="In"><<a class="In">ufs/ffs/ffs_extern.h</a>></code></dt> <dd>third level FFS identifiers</dd> <dt><code class="In"><<a class="In">machine/cpu.h</a>></code></dt> <dd>second level CPU identifiers</dd> </dl> </section> <section class="Sh"> <h2 class="Sh" id="ERRORS"><a class="permalink" href="#ERRORS">ERRORS</a></h2> <p class="Pp">The following errors may be reported:</p> <dl class="Bl-tag"> <dt id="EFAULT">[<a class="permalink" href="#EFAULT"><code class="Er">EFAULT</code></a>]</dt> <dd>The buffer <var class="Fa">name</var>, <var class="Fa">oldp</var>, <var class="Fa">newp</var>, or length pointer <var class="Fa">oldlenp</var> contains an invalid address.</dd> <dt id="EINVAL">[<a class="permalink" href="#EINVAL"><code class="Er">EINVAL</code></a>]</dt> <dd>The <var class="Fa">name</var> array is less than two or greater than <code class="Dv">CTL_MAXNAME</code>.</dd> <dt id="EINVAL~2">[<a class="permalink" href="#EINVAL~2"><code class="Er">EINVAL</code></a>]</dt> <dd>A non-null <var class="Fa">newp</var> pointer is given and its specified length in <var class="Fa">newlen</var> is too large or too small.</dd> <dt id="ENOMEM">[<a class="permalink" href="#ENOMEM"><code class="Er">ENOMEM</code></a>]</dt> <dd>The length pointed to by <var class="Fa">oldlenp</var> is too short to hold the requested value.</dd> <dt id="ENOENT">[<a class="permalink" href="#ENOENT"><code class="Er">ENOENT</code></a>]</dt> <dd>The mib specified does not exist, or exceeds the range that is possible.</dd> <dt id="ENXIO">[<a class="permalink" href="#ENXIO"><code class="Er">ENXIO</code></a>]</dt> <dd>If the mib is a sparsely populated array, this error may be returned instead.</dd> <dt id="ENOTDIR">[<a class="permalink" href="#ENOTDIR"><code class="Er">ENOTDIR</code></a>]</dt> <dd>The <var class="Fa">name</var> array specifies an intermediate rather than terminal name.</dd> <dt id="EOPNOTSUPP">[<a class="permalink" href="#EOPNOTSUPP"><code class="Er">EOPNOTSUPP</code></a>]</dt> <dd>The <var class="Fa">name</var> array specifies a value that is unknown.</dd> <dt id="EPERM">[<a class="permalink" href="#EPERM"><code class="Er">EPERM</code></a>]</dt> <dd>An attempt is made to set a read-only value.</dd> <dt id="EPERM~2">[<a class="permalink" href="#EPERM~2"><code class="Er">EPERM</code></a>]</dt> <dd>A process without appropriate privileges attempts to set a value.</dd> <dt id="EPERM~3">[<a class="permalink" href="#EPERM~3"><code class="Er">EPERM</code></a>]</dt> <dd>An attempt to change a value protected by the current kernel security level is made.</dd> <dt id="ESRCH">[<a class="permalink" href="#ESRCH"><code class="Er">ESRCH</code></a>]</dt> <dd>No process could be found which corresponds to the given process ID.</dd> </dl> </section> <section class="Sh"> <h2 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></h2> <p class="Pp"><a class="Xr" href="/pathconf.2" aria-label="pathconf, section 2">pathconf(2)</a>, <a class="Xr" href="/sysconf.3" aria-label="sysconf, section 3">sysconf(3)</a>, <a class="Xr" href="/ddb.4" aria-label="ddb, section 4">ddb(4)</a>, <a class="Xr" href="/sysctl.conf.5" aria-label="sysctl.conf, section 5">sysctl.conf(5)</a>, <a class="Xr" href="/securelevel.7" aria-label="securelevel, section 7">securelevel(7)</a>, <a class="Xr" href="/sysctl.8" aria-label="sysctl, section 8">sysctl(8)</a></p> </section> <section class="Sh"> <h2 class="Sh" id="HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></h2> <p class="Pp">The <code class="Fn">sysctl</code>() function first appeared in <span class="Ux">4.4BSD</span>.</p> </section> </main> <div class="foot" role="doc-pagefooter" aria-label="Manual footer line"><span class="foot-left"></span><span class="foot-date">March 27, 2025</span> <span class="foot-os">OpenBSD-current</span></div> </body> </html>

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sysctl(2) - OpenBSD manual pages