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href="#Inosilicates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Inosilicates </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Inosilicates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Inosilicates subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Inosilicates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Single_chain_inosilicates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Single_chain_inosilicates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Single chain inosilicates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Single_chain_inosilicates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Double_chain_inosilicates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Double_chain_inosilicates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Double chain inosilicates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Double_chain_inosilicates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phyllosilicates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phyllosilicates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Phyllosilicates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phyllosilicates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tectosilicates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tectosilicates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Tectosilicates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tectosilicates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Silicate mineral</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" > 63 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikaatminerale" title="Silikaatminerale – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Silikaatminerale" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikat" title="Silikat – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Silikat" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="معادن السيليكات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معادن السيليكات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicatos_(minerals)" title="Silicatos (minerals) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Silicatos (minerals)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicatu" title="Silicatu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Silicatu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikatlar" title="Silikatlar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Silikatlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Сілікаты – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сілікаты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Силикат – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Силикат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikatni_minerali" title="Silikatni minerali – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Silikatni minerali" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerals_silicats" title="Minerals silicats – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Minerals silicats" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99emi%C4%8Ditany" title="Křemičitany – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Křemičitany" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikatmineral" title="Silikatmineral – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Silikatmineral" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicate" title="Silicate – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Silicate" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikaatsed_mineraalid" title="Silikaatsed mineraalid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Silikaatsed mineraalid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicato_(mineral)" title="Silicato (mineral) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Silicato (mineral)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikatmineraloj" title="Silikatmineraloj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Silikatmineraloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikato_(mineral)" title="Silikato (mineral) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Silikato (mineral)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کانی‌های سیلیکات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کانی‌های سیلیکات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roches_silicat%C3%A9es" title="Roches silicatées – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Roches silicatées" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mianra%C3%AD_sileac%C3%A1ite" title="Mianraí sileacáite – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mianraí sileacáite" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicato" title="Silicato – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Silicato" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%9C%EC%82%B0%EC%97%BC_%EA%B4%91%EB%AC%BC" title="규산염 광물 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="규산염 광물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="सिलिकेट खनिज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सिलिकेट खनिज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikat" title="Silikat – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Silikat" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikati" title="Silikati – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Silikati" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_silikat" title="Mineral silikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mineral silikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicate" title="Silicate – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Silicate" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADl%C3%ADkat" title="Sílíkat – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sílíkat" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicato" title="Silicato – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Silicato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מינרלים סיליקטיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מינרלים סיליקטיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98)" title="სილიკატები (მინერალები) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სილიკატები (მინერალები)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madini_silikati" title="Madini silikati – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Madini silikati" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikat" title="Silikat – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Silikat" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicatum" title="Silicatum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Silicatum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silik%C4%81tu_miner%C4%81ls" title="Silikātu minerāls – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Silikātu minerāls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikat" title="Silikat – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Silikat" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikatai" title="Silikatai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Silikatai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szilik%C3%A1t%C3%A1sv%C3%A1nyok" title="Szilikátásványok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szilikátásványok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Силикатни минерали – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Силикатни минерали" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82_%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Силикат эрдэс – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Силикат эрдэс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicaten" title="Silicaten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Silicaten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%82%A4%E9%85%B8%E5%A1%A9%E9%89%B1%E7%89%A9" title="ケイ酸塩鉱物 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケイ酸塩鉱物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikaat" title="Silikaat – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Silikaat" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikat" title="Silikat – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Silikat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BC_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="سیلیکاټ منرالونه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سیلیکاټ منرالونه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krzemiany" title="Krzemiany – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krzemiany" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicato_(mineralogia)" title="Silicato (mineralogia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Silicato (mineralogia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicat_(mineral)" title="Silicat (mineral) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Silicat (mineral)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B)" title="Силикаты (минералы) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Силикаты (минералы)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicate_mineral" title="Silicate mineral – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Silicate mineral" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kremi%C4%8Ditan" title="Kremičitan – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kremičitan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikat" title="Silikat – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Silikat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikatni_minerali" title="Silikatni minerali – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Silikatni minerali" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikati" title="Silikati – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Silikati" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikaattimineraali" title="Silikaattimineraali – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Silikaattimineraali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikatmineral" title="Silikatmineral – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Silikatmineral" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95" title="ซิลิเกต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซิลิเกต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikat" title="Silikat – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Silikat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Природні силікати – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Природні силікати" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kho%C3%A1ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_silicat" title="Khoáng vật silicat – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khoáng vật silicat" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%85%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9" title="硅酸盐矿物 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="硅酸盐矿物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%BD%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD%E7%A4%A6%E7%89%A9" title="矽酸鹽礦物 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="矽酸鹽礦物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%85%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9" title="硅酸盐矿物 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="硅酸盐矿物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Rock-forming minerals with predominantly silicate anions</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spodumene-sd305c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Spodumene-sd305c.jpg/220px-Spodumene-sd305c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Spodumene-sd305c.jpg/330px-Spodumene-sd305c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Spodumene-sd305c.jpg/440px-Spodumene-sd305c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="657" /></a><figcaption>Lithium aluminium silicate mineral <a href="/wiki/Spodumene" title="Spodumene">spodumene</a></figcaption></figure> Silicate minerals are rock-forming <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</a> made up of <a href="/wiki/Silicate" title="Silicate">silicate</a> groups. They are the largest and most important class of minerals and make up approximately 90 percent of <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_crust" title="Earth's crust">Earth's crust</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-deer-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-hurlbut-3">[3]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Mineralogy" title="Mineralogy">mineralogy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Silica">silica</a> (silicon dioxide, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style>SiO2) is usually considered a silicate mineral rather than an <a href="/wiki/Oxide_mineral" title="Oxide mineral">oxide mineral</a>. Silica is found in nature as the mineral <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a>, and its <a href="/wiki/Polymorphism_(materials_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymorphism (materials science)">polymorphs</a>. On Earth, a wide variety of silicate minerals occur in an even wider range of combinations as a result of the processes that have been forming and re-working the crust for billions of years. These processes include partial <a href="/wiki/Melting" title="Melting">melting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crystallization" title="Crystallization">crystallization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fractionation" title="Fractionation">fractionation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metamorphism" title="Metamorphism">metamorphism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weathering" title="Weathering">weathering</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Diagenesis" title="Diagenesis">diagenesis</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diatomaceous_Earth_BrightField.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Diatomaceous_Earth_BrightField.jpg/220px-Diatomaceous_Earth_BrightField.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Diatomaceous_Earth_BrightField.jpg/330px-Diatomaceous_Earth_BrightField.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Diatomaceous_Earth_BrightField.jpg/440px-Diatomaceous_Earth_BrightField.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7062" data-file-height="4284" /></a><figcaption>Diatomaceous earth, a biogenic form of silica as viewed under a microscope. The imaged region measures approximately 1.13 by 0.69 mm.</figcaption></figure> Living organisms also contribute to this <a href="/wiki/Carbonate%E2%80%93silicate_cycle" title="Carbonate–silicate cycle">geologic cycle</a>. For example, a type of <a href="/wiki/Plankton" title="Plankton">plankton</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Diatom" title="Diatom">diatoms</a> construct their <a href="/wiki/Exoskeleton" title="Exoskeleton">exoskeletons</a> ("frustules") from silica extracted from <a href="/wiki/Seawater" title="Seawater">seawater</a>. The frustules of dead diatoms are a major constituent of <a href="/wiki/Deep_ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep ocean">deep ocean</a> <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediment</a>, and of <a href="/wiki/Diatomaceous_earth" title="Diatomaceous earth">diatomaceous earth</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_structure">General structure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicate_mineral&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: General structure">edit</a>]</div> A silicate mineral is generally an <a href="/wiki/Inorganic_compound" title="Inorganic compound">inorganic compound</a> consisting of subunits with the formula [SiO2+n]2n−. Although depicted as such, the description of silicates as anions is a simplification. Balancing the charges of the silicate anions are metal cations, Mx+. Typical cations are Mg2+, Fe2+, and Na+. The Si-O-M linkage between the silicates and the metals are strong, polar-covalent bonds. Silicate anions ([SiO2+n]2n−) are invariably colorless, or when crushed to a fine powder, white. The colors of silicate minerals arise from the metal component, commonly iron. In most silicate minerals, silicon is tetrahedral, being surrounded by four oxides. The <a href="/wiki/Coordination_number" title="Coordination number">coordination number</a> of the oxides is variable except when it bridges two silicon centers, in which case the oxide has a coordination number of two. Some silicon centers may be replaced by atoms of other elements, still bound to the four corner oxygen corners. If the substituted atom is not normally tetravalent, it usually contributes extra charge to the anion, which then requires extra <a href="/wiki/Cation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cation">cations</a>. For example, in the mineral <a href="/wiki/Orthoclase" title="Orthoclase">orthoclase</a> [KAlSi 3O 8] n, the anion is a tridimensional network of tetrahedra in which all oxygen corners are shared. If all tetrahedra had silicon centers, the anion would be just neutral silica [SiO 2] n. Replacement of one in every four silicon atoms by an <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a> atom results in the anion [AlSi 3O− 8] n, whose charge is neutralized by the <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a> cations K+ . <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_groups">Main groups</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicate_mineral&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Main groups">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Mineralogy" title="Mineralogy">mineralogy</a>, silicate minerals are classified into seven major groups according to the structure of their silicate anion:<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Major group</th> <th>Structure</th> <th>Chemical formula</th> <th>Example </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nesosilicate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nesosilicate">Nesosilicates</a></td> <td>isolated silicon tetrahedra</td> <td>[SiO4]4−</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olivine" title="Olivine">olivine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">garnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">zircon</a>... </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sorosilicate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorosilicate">Sorosilicates</a></td> <td>double tetrahedra</td> <td>[Si2O7]6−</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Epidote" title="Epidote">epidote</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melilite" title="Melilite">melilite</a> group </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyclosilicate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclosilicate">Cyclosilicates</a></td> <td>rings</td> <td>[SinO3n]2n−</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beryl" title="Beryl">beryl</a> group, <a href="/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline">tourmaline</a> group </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Inosilicate" class="mw-redirect" title="Inosilicate">Inosilicates</a></td> <td>single chain</td> <td>[SinO3n]2n−</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pyroxene" title="Pyroxene">pyroxene</a> group </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Inosilicate" class="mw-redirect" title="Inosilicate">Inosilicates</a></td> <td>double chain</td> <td>[Si4nO11n]6n−</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amphibole" title="Amphibole">amphibole</a> group </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Silicate_minerals#Phyllosilicates" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicate minerals">Phyllosilicates</a></td> <td>sheets</td> <td>[Si2nO5n]2n−</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">micas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clays</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tectosilicate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectosilicate">Tectosilicates</a></td> <td>3D framework</td> <td>[AlxSiyO(2x+2y)]x−</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feldspar" title="Feldspar">feldspars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zeolite" title="Zeolite">zeolites</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Tectosilicates can only have additional cations if some of the silicon is replaced by an atom of lower valence such as aluminum. Al for Si substitution is common. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nesosilicates_or_orthosilicates">Nesosilicates or orthosilicates</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicate_mineral&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nesosilicates or orthosilicates">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silicate-tetrahedron-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Silicate-tetrahedron-3D-balls.png/220px-Silicate-tetrahedron-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Silicate-tetrahedron-3D-balls.png/330px-Silicate-tetrahedron-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Silicate-tetrahedron-3D-balls.png/440px-Silicate-tetrahedron-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1079" /></a><figcaption>Orthosilicate anion SiO4− 4. The grey ball represents the silicon atom, and the red balls are the oxygen atoms.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nesosilicates_exhibit,_Museum_of_Geology,_South_Dakota.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Nesosilicates_exhibit%2C_Museum_of_Geology%2C_South_Dakota.jpg/220px-Nesosilicates_exhibit%2C_Museum_of_Geology%2C_South_Dakota.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Nesosilicates_exhibit%2C_Museum_of_Geology%2C_South_Dakota.jpg/330px-Nesosilicates_exhibit%2C_Museum_of_Geology%2C_South_Dakota.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Nesosilicates_exhibit%2C_Museum_of_Geology%2C_South_Dakota.jpg/440px-Nesosilicates_exhibit%2C_Museum_of_Geology%2C_South_Dakota.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1751" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>Nesosilicate specimens at the Museum of Geology in South Dakota</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:Nesosilicates" title="Category:Nesosilicates">Nesosilicates</a></div> Nesosilicates (from Greek <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BD%E1%BF%86%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:νῆσος">νῆσος</a> nēsos 'island'), or orthosilicates, have the <a href="/wiki/Orthosilicate_(ion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthosilicate (ion)">orthosilicate ion</a>, present as isolated (insular) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">[SiO4]4− <a href="/wiki/Tetrahedral_molecular_geometry" title="Tetrahedral molecular geometry">tetrahedra</a> connected only by interstitial <a href="/wiki/Cation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cation">cations</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Nickel%E2%80%93Strunz_classification" title="Nickel–Strunz classification">Nickel–Strunz classification</a> is 09.A –examples include: <ul><li>Phenakite group <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phenakite" title="Phenakite">Phenakite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Be2SiO4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willemite" title="Willemite">Willemite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Zn2SiO4</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivine" title="Olivine">Olivine</a> group <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forsterite" title="Forsterite">Forsterite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Mg2SiO4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayalite" title="Fayalite">Fayalite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Fe2SiO4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tephroite" title="Tephroite">Tephroite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Mn2SiO4</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">Garnet</a> group <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyrope" title="Pyrope">Pyrope</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Mg3Al2(SiO4)3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almandine" title="Almandine">Almandine</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Fe3Al2(SiO4)3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spessartine" title="Spessartine">Spessartine</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Mn3Al2(SiO4)3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grossular" title="Grossular">Grossular</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Ca3Al2(SiO4)3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andradite" title="Andradite">Andradite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uvarovite" title="Uvarovite">Uvarovite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogrossular" title="Hydrogrossular">Hydrogrossular</a> – Ca 3Al 2Si 2O 8(SiO 4) 3−m(OH) 4m</li></ul></li> <li>Zircon group <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">Zircon</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">ZrSiO4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorite" title="Thorite">Thorite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Th,U)SiO4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafnon" title="Hafnon">Hafnon</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Hf,Zr)SiO4</li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyanite_crystals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Kyanite_crystals.jpg/220px-Kyanite_crystals.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Kyanite_crystals.jpg/330px-Kyanite_crystals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Kyanite_crystals.jpg/440px-Kyanite_crystals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kyanite" title="Kyanite">Kyanite</a> crystals (unknown scale)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Al2SiO5 group <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusite" title="Andalusite">Andalusite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Al2SiO5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyanite" title="Kyanite">Kyanite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Al2SiO5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sillimanite" title="Sillimanite">Sillimanite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Al2SiO5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumortierite" title="Dumortierite">Dumortierite</a> – Al 6.5–7BO 3(SiO 4) 3(O,OH) 3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">Topaz</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Al2SiO4(F,OH)2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staurolite" title="Staurolite">Staurolite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Fe2Al9(SiO4)4(O,OH)2</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humite" title="Humite">Humite</a> group – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Mg,Fe)7(SiO4)3(F,OH)2 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norbergite" title="Norbergite">Norbergite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Mg3(SiO4)(F,OH)2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chondrodite" title="Chondrodite">Chondrodite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Mg5(SiO4)2(F,OH)2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humite" title="Humite">Humite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Mg7(SiO4)3(F,OH)2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinohumite" title="Clinohumite">Clinohumite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Mg9(SiO4)4(F,OH)2</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datolite" title="Datolite">Datolite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">CaBSiO4(OH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanite" title="Titanite">Titanite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">CaTiSiO5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloritoid" title="Chloritoid">Chloritoid</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Fe,Mg,Mn)2Al4Si2O10(OH)4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullite" title="Mullite">Mullite</a> (aka Porcelainite) – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Al6Si2O13</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sorosilicates">Sorosilicates</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicate_mineral&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sorosilicates">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silicate-double-tetrahedra-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Silicate-double-tetrahedra-3D-balls.png/220px-Silicate-double-tetrahedra-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Silicate-double-tetrahedra-3D-balls.png/330px-Silicate-double-tetrahedra-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Silicate-double-tetrahedra-3D-balls.png/440px-Silicate-double-tetrahedra-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="698" /></a><figcaption>Pyrosilicate anion Si 2O6− 7</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sorosilicates_exhibit,_Museum_of_Geology,_South_Dakota.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sorosilicates_exhibit%2C_Museum_of_Geology%2C_South_Dakota.jpg/220px-Sorosilicates_exhibit%2C_Museum_of_Geology%2C_South_Dakota.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sorosilicates_exhibit%2C_Museum_of_Geology%2C_South_Dakota.jpg/330px-Sorosilicates_exhibit%2C_Museum_of_Geology%2C_South_Dakota.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sorosilicates_exhibit%2C_Museum_of_Geology%2C_South_Dakota.jpg/440px-Sorosilicates_exhibit%2C_Museum_of_Geology%2C_South_Dakota.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1452" data-file-height="2086" /></a><figcaption>Sorosilicate exhibit at Museum of Geology in South Dakota</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:Sorosilicates" title="Category:Sorosilicates">Sorosilicates</a></div> Sorosilicates (from Greek <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%83%CF%89%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:σωρός">σωρός</a> sōros 'heap, mound') have isolated <a href="/wiki/Pyrosilicate" title="Pyrosilicate">pyrosilicate</a> anions Si 2O6− 7, consisting of double tetrahedra with a shared oxygen vertex—a silicon:oxygen ratio of 2:7. The Nickel–Strunz classification is 09.B. Examples include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thortveitite" title="Thortveitite">Thortveitite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Sc,Y)2(Si2O7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemimorphite" title="Hemimorphite">Hemimorphite</a> (<a href="/wiki/Calamine_(mineral)" title="Calamine (mineral)">calamine</a>) – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Zn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawsonite" title="Lawsonite">Lawsonite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">CaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axinite" title="Axinite">Axinite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Ca,Fe,Mn)3Al2(BO3)(Si4O12)(OH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilvaite" title="Ilvaite">Ilvaite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">CaFeII2FeIIIO(Si2O7)(OH)</li> <li>Epidote group (has both <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(SiO4)4− and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Si2O7)6− groups} <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epidote" title="Epidote">Epidote</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Ca2(Al,Fe)3O(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoisite" title="Zoisite">Zoisite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Ca2Al3O(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanite" title="Tanzanite">Tanzanite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Ca2Al3O(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinozoisite" title="Clinozoisite">Clinozoisite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Ca2Al3O(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allanite" title="Allanite">Allanite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Ca(Ce,La,Y,Ca)Al2(FeII,FeIII)O(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollaseite-(Ce)" title="Dollaseite-(Ce)">Dollaseite-(Ce)</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">CaCeMg2AlSi3O11F(OH)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesuvianite" title="Vesuvianite">Vesuvianite</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vesuvianite" title="Vesuvianite">idocrase</a>) – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Ca10(Mg,Fe)2Al4(SiO4)5(Si2O7)2(OH)4</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cyclosilicates">Cyclosilicates</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicate_mineral&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cyclosilicates">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:Cyclosilicates" title="Category:Cyclosilicates">Cyclosilicates</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyclosilicate_exhibit,_Museum_of_Geology,_South_Dakota.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cyclosilicate_exhibit%2C_Museum_of_Geology%2C_South_Dakota.jpg/220px-Cyclosilicate_exhibit%2C_Museum_of_Geology%2C_South_Dakota.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cyclosilicate_exhibit%2C_Museum_of_Geology%2C_South_Dakota.jpg/330px-Cyclosilicate_exhibit%2C_Museum_of_Geology%2C_South_Dakota.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cyclosilicate_exhibit%2C_Museum_of_Geology%2C_South_Dakota.jpg/440px-Cyclosilicate_exhibit%2C_Museum_of_Geology%2C_South_Dakota.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3238" data-file-height="1833" /></a><figcaption>Cyclosilicate specimens at the Museum of Geology, South Dakota</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pezzottaite-256889.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pezzottaite-256889.jpg/220px-Pezzottaite-256889.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pezzottaite-256889.jpg/330px-Pezzottaite-256889.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pezzottaite-256889.jpg/440px-Pezzottaite-256889.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="729" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pezzottaite" title="Pezzottaite">Pezzottaite</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bazzite_-_Fibbia_Ticino_Switzerland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bazzite_-_Fibbia_Ticino_Switzerland.jpg/220px-Bazzite_-_Fibbia_Ticino_Switzerland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bazzite_-_Fibbia_Ticino_Switzerland.jpg/330px-Bazzite_-_Fibbia_Ticino_Switzerland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bazzite_-_Fibbia_Ticino_Switzerland.jpg/440px-Bazzite_-_Fibbia_Ticino_Switzerland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1327" data-file-height="965" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bazzite" title="Bazzite">Bazzite</a></figcaption></figure> Cyclosilicates (from Greek <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:κύκλος">κύκλος</a> kýklos 'circle'), or ring silicates, have three or more tetrahedra linked in a ring. The general formula is (SixO3x)2x−, where one or more silicon atoms can be replaced by other 4-coordinated atom(s). The silicon:oxygen ratio is 1:3. Double rings have the formula (Si2xO5x)2x− or a 2:5 ratio. The Nickel–Strunz classification is 09.C. Possible ring sizes include: <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Beryll.ring.combined.png" class="mw-file-description" title="6 units [Si6O18], beryl (red: Si, blue: O)"><img alt="6 units [Si6O18], beryl (red: Si, blue: O)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Beryll.ring.combined.png/120px-Beryll.ring.combined.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Beryll.ring.combined.png/180px-Beryll.ring.combined.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Beryll.ring.combined.png/240px-Beryll.ring.combined.png 2x" data-file-width="3100" data-file-height="1750" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">6 units <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">[Si6O18], <a href="/wiki/Beryl" title="Beryl">beryl</a> (red: Si, blue: O)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Benitoid.2200.png" class="mw-file-description" title="3 units [Si3O9], benitoite"><img alt="3 units [Si3O9], benitoite" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Benitoid.2200.png/120px-Benitoid.2200.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Benitoid.2200.png/180px-Benitoid.2200.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Benitoid.2200.png/240px-Benitoid.2200.png 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2200" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">3 units <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">[Si3O9], <a href="/wiki/Benitoite" title="Benitoite">benitoite</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Papagoite.2200.png" class="mw-file-description" title="4 units [Si4O12], papagoite"><img alt="4 units [Si4O12], papagoite" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Papagoite.2200.png/120px-Papagoite.2200.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Papagoite.2200.png/180px-Papagoite.2200.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Papagoite.2200.png/240px-Papagoite.2200.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">4 units <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">[Si4O12], <a href="/wiki/Papagoite" title="Papagoite">papagoite</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Eudialyte.2200.png" class="mw-file-description" title="9 units [Si9O27], eudialyte"><img alt="9 units [Si9O27], eudialyte" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Eudialyte.2200.png/120px-Eudialyte.2200.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Eudialyte.2200.png/180px-Eudialyte.2200.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Eudialyte.2200.png/240px-Eudialyte.2200.png 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2200" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">9 units <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">[Si9O27], <a href="/wiki/Eudialyte" title="Eudialyte">eudialyte</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Milarite.png" class="mw-file-description" title="12 units, double ring [Si12O30], milarite"><img alt="12 units, double ring [Si12O30], milarite" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Milarite.png/120px-Milarite.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Milarite.png/180px-Milarite.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Milarite.png/240px-Milarite.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="1100" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">12 units, double ring <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">[Si12O30], <a href="/wiki/Milarite" title="Milarite">milarite</a></div> </li> </ul> Some example minerals are: <ul><li>3-member single ring <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benitoite" title="Benitoite">Benitoite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">BaTi(Si3O9)</li></ul></li> <li>4-member single ring <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papagoite" title="Papagoite">Papagoite</a> – CaCuAlSi 2O 6(OH) 3.</li></ul></li> <li>6-member single ring <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beryl" title="Beryl">Beryl</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Be3Al2(Si6O18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazzite" title="Bazzite">Bazzite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Be3Sc2(Si6O18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugilite" title="Sugilite">Sugilite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">KNa2(Fe,Mn,Al)2Li3Si12O30</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline">Tourmaline</a> – (Na,Ca)(Al,Li,Mg) 3–(Al,Fe,Mn) 6(Si 6O 18)(BO 3) 3(OH) 4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pezzottaite" title="Pezzottaite">Pezzottaite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Cs(Be2Li)Al2Si6O18</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osumilite" title="Osumilite">Osumilite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(K,Na)(Fe,Mg)2(Al,Fe)3(Si,Al)12O30</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordierite" title="Cordierite">Cordierite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Mg,Fe)2Al4Si5O18</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekaninaite" title="Sekaninaite">Sekaninaite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Fe+2,Mg)2Al4Si5O18</li></ul></li> <li>9-member single ring <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eudialyte" title="Eudialyte">Eudialyte</a> – Na 15Ca 6(Fe,Mn) 3Zr 3SiO(O,OH,H 2O) 3(Si 3O 9) 2(Si 9O 27) 2(OH,Cl) 2</li></ul></li> <li>6-member double ring <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milarite" title="Milarite">Milarite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">K2Ca4Al2Be4(Si24O60)H2O</li></ul></li></ul> The ring in <a href="/wiki/Axinite" title="Axinite">axinite</a> contains two B and four Si tetrahedra and is highly distorted compared to the other 6-member ring cyclosilicates. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inosilicates">Inosilicates</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicate_mineral&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Inosilicates">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:Inosilicates" title="Category:Inosilicates">Inosilicates</a></div> Inosilicates (from Greek <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%B4%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἴς">ἴς</a> is [genitive: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%B0%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἰνός">ἰνός</a> inos] 'fibre'), or chain silicates, have interlocking chains of <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicate</a> <a href="/wiki/Tetrahedra" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrahedra">tetrahedra</a> with either <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">SiO3, 1:3 ratio, for single chains or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Si4O11, 4:11 ratio, for double chains. The Nickel–Strunz classification is 09.D – examples include: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Single_chain_inosilicates">Single chain inosilicates</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicate_mineral&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Single chain inosilicates">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyroxene" title="Pyroxene">Pyroxene</a> group <ul><li>Enstatite – orthoferrosilite series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enstatite" title="Enstatite">Enstatite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">MgSiO3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrosilite" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrosilite">Ferrosilite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">FeSiO3</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeonite" title="Pigeonite">Pigeonite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)1.75Si2O6</li> <li>Diopside – hedenbergite series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diopside" title="Diopside">Diopside</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">CaMgSi2O6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedenbergite" title="Hedenbergite">Hedenbergite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">CaFeSi2O6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augite" title="Augite">Augite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)2O6</li></ul></li> <li>Sodium pyroxene series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jadeite" title="Jadeite">Jadeite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">NaAlSi2O6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegirine" title="Aegirine">Aegirine</a> (or acmite) – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">NaFeIIISi2O6</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spodumene" title="Spodumene">Spodumene</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">LiAlSi2O6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroxferroite" title="Pyroxferroite">Pyroxferroite</a> - <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Fe,Ca)SiO3</li></ul></li> <li>Pyroxenoid group <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wollastonite" title="Wollastonite">Wollastonite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">CaSiO3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodonite" title="Rhodonite">Rhodonite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">MnSiO3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectolite" title="Pectolite">Pectolite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">NaCa2(Si3O8)(OH)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Double_chain_inosilicates">Double chain inosilicates</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicate_mineral&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Double chain inosilicates">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibole" title="Amphibole">Amphibole</a> group <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthophyllite" title="Anthophyllite">Anthophyllite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Mg,Fe)7Si8O22(OH)2</li> <li>Cummingtonite series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cummingtonite" title="Cummingtonite">Cummingtonite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Fe2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunerite" title="Grunerite">Grunerite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Fe7Si8O22(OH)2</li></ul></li> <li>Tremolite series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tremolite" title="Tremolite">Tremolite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinolite" title="Actinolite">Actinolite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornblende" title="Hornblende">Hornblende</a> – (Ca,Na) 2–3(Mg,Fe,Al) 5Si 6(Al,Si) 2O 22(OH) 2</li> <li>Sodium amphibole group <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glaucophane" title="Glaucophane">Glaucophane</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Na2Mg3Al2Si8O22(OH)2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riebeckite" title="Riebeckite">Riebeckite</a> (<a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a>) – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Na2FeII3FeIII2Si8O22(OH)2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arfvedsonite" title="Arfvedsonite">Arfvedsonite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Na3(Fe,Mg)4FeSi8O22(OH)2</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pyroxen-chain.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Inosilicate, pyroxene family, with 2-periodic single chain (Si2O6), diopside"><img alt="Inosilicate, pyroxene family, with 2-periodic single chain (Si2O6), diopside" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Pyroxen-chain.png/16px-Pyroxen-chain.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Pyroxen-chain.png/24px-Pyroxen-chain.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Pyroxen-chain.png/32px-Pyroxen-chain.png 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="2400" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inosilicate, pyroxene family, with 2-periodic single chain <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Si2O6), <a href="/wiki/Diopside" title="Diopside">diopside</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tremolite-chain.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Inosilicate, clinoamphibole, with 2-periodic double chains (Si4O11), tremolite"><img alt="Inosilicate, clinoamphibole, with 2-periodic double chains (Si4O11), tremolite" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Tremolite-chain.png/31px-Tremolite-chain.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Tremolite-chain.png/47px-Tremolite-chain.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Tremolite-chain.png/63px-Tremolite-chain.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="2400" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inosilicate, clinoamphibole, with 2-periodic double chains <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Si4O11), <a href="/wiki/Tremolite" title="Tremolite">tremolite</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Wollastonite-chain.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Inosilicate, unbranched 3-periodic single chain of wollastonite"><img alt="Inosilicate, unbranched 3-periodic single chain of wollastonite" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Wollastonite-chain.png/14px-Wollastonite-chain.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Wollastonite-chain.png/21px-Wollastonite-chain.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Wollastonite-chain.png/28px-Wollastonite-chain.png 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="2400" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inosilicate, unbranched 3-periodic single chain of <a href="/wiki/Wollastonite" title="Wollastonite">wollastonite</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhodonite-chain.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Inosilicate with 5-periodic single chain, rhodonite"><img alt="Inosilicate with 5-periodic single chain, rhodonite" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Rhodonite-chain.png/24px-Rhodonite-chain.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Rhodonite-chain.png/36px-Rhodonite-chain.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Rhodonite-chain.png/49px-Rhodonite-chain.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="2450" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inosilicate with 5-periodic single chain, <a href="/wiki/Rhodonite" title="Rhodonite">rhodonite</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pellyite-chain.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Inosilicate with cyclic branched 8-periodic chain, pellyite"><img alt="Inosilicate with cyclic branched 8-periodic chain, pellyite" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Pellyite-chain.png/23px-Pellyite-chain.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Pellyite-chain.png/35px-Pellyite-chain.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Pellyite-chain.png/46px-Pellyite-chain.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="2050" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inosilicate with cyclic branched 8-periodic chain, <a href="/wiki/Pellyite" title="Pellyite">pellyite</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phyllosilicates">Phyllosilicates</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicate_mineral&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Phyllosilicates">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:Phyllosilicates" title="Category:Phyllosilicates">Phyllosilicates</a></div> Phyllosilicates (from Greek <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%86%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:φύλλον">φύλλον</a> phýllon 'leaf'), or sheet silicates, form parallel sheets of silicate tetrahedra with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Si2O5 or a 2:5 ratio. The Nickel–Strunz classification is 09.E. All phyllosilicate minerals are <a href="/wiki/Hydrate" title="Hydrate">hydrated</a>, with either <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hydroxyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroxyl">hydroxyl</a> groups attached. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KaolinUSGOV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/KaolinUSGOV.jpg/220px-KaolinUSGOV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/KaolinUSGOV.jpg/330px-KaolinUSGOV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/KaolinUSGOV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="287" /></a><figcaption>Kaolinite</figcaption></figure> Examples include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serpentine_subgroup" title="Serpentine subgroup">Serpentine subgroup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigorite" title="Antigorite">Antigorite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Mg3Si2O5(OH)4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysotile" title="Chrysotile">Chrysotile</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Mg3Si2O5(OH)4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizardite" title="Lizardite">Lizardite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Mg3Si2O5(OH)4</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Clay minerals">Clay minerals</a> group <ul><li>1:1 clay minerals (TO) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halloysite" title="Halloysite">Halloysite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Al2Si2O5(OH)4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaolinite" title="Kaolinite">Kaolinite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Al2Si2O5(OH)4</li></ul></li> <li>2:1 clay minerals (TOT) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyrophyllite" title="Pyrophyllite">Pyrophyllite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Al2Si4O10(OH)2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talc" title="Talc">Talc</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Mg3Si4O10(OH)2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illite" title="Illite">Illite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(K,H3O)(Al,Mg,Fe)2(Si,Al)4O10[(OH)2,(H2O)]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montmorillonite" title="Montmorillonite">Montmorillonite</a> (smectite) – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorite_group" title="Chlorite group">Chlorite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·(Mg,Fe)3(OH)6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermiculite" title="Vermiculite">Vermiculite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Mg,Fe,Al)3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2·4H2O</li></ul></li> <li>Other clay minerals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sepiolite" title="Sepiolite">Sepiolite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Mg4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palygorskite" title="Palygorskite">Palygorskite</a> (or attapulgite) – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH)·4(H2O)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">Mica</a> group <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biotite" title="Biotite">Biotite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">K(Mg,Fe)3(AlSi3)O10(OH)2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuchsite" title="Fuchsite">Fuchsite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">K(Al,Cr)2(AlSi3)O10(OH)2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite" title="Muscovite">Muscovite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">KAl2(AlSi3)O10(OH)2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlogopite" title="Phlogopite">Phlogopite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">KMg3(AlSi3)O10(OH)2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepidolite" title="Lepidolite">Lepidolite</a> – K(Li,Al) 2–3(AlSi 3)O 10(OH) 2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margarite" title="Margarite">Margarite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">CaAl2(Al2Si2)O10(OH)2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glauconite" title="Glauconite">Glauconite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(K,Na)(Al,Mg,Fe)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2</li></ul></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Muskovite.sheet.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Phyllosilicate, mica group, muscovite (red: Si, blue: O)"><img alt="Phyllosilicate, mica group, muscovite (red: Si, blue: O)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Muskovite.sheet.png/120px-Muskovite.sheet.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Muskovite.sheet.png/180px-Muskovite.sheet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Muskovite.sheet.png/240px-Muskovite.sheet.png 2x" data-file-width="3800" data-file-height="1600" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Phyllosilicate, mica group, <a href="/wiki/Muscovite" title="Muscovite">muscovite</a> (red: Si, blue: O)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Apophyllite.sheet.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Phyllosilicate, single net of tetrahedra with 4-membered rings, apophyllite-(KF)-apophyllite-(KOH) series"><img alt="Phyllosilicate, single net of tetrahedra with 4-membered rings, apophyllite-(KF)-apophyllite-(KOH) series" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Apophyllite.sheet.png/96px-Apophyllite.sheet.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Apophyllite.sheet.png/144px-Apophyllite.sheet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Apophyllite.sheet.png/192px-Apophyllite.sheet.png 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Phyllosilicate, single net of tetrahedra with 4-membered rings, <a href="/wiki/Apophyllite" title="Apophyllite">apophyllite</a>-(KF)-apophyllite-(KOH) series</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pyrosmalite.sheet.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Phyllosilicate, single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings, pyrosmalite-(Fe)-pyrosmalite-(Mn) series"><img alt="Phyllosilicate, single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings, pyrosmalite-(Fe)-pyrosmalite-(Mn) series" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Pyrosmalite.sheet.png/108px-Pyrosmalite.sheet.png" decoding="async" width="108" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Pyrosmalite.sheet.png/162px-Pyrosmalite.sheet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Pyrosmalite.sheet.png/216px-Pyrosmalite.sheet.png 2x" data-file-width="1834" data-file-height="2035" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Phyllosilicate, single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrosmalite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrosmalite (page does not exist)">pyrosmalite</a>-(Fe)-pyrosmalite-(Mn) series</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Zeophyllite.sheet.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Phyllosilicate, single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings, zeophyllite"><img alt="Phyllosilicate, single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings, zeophyllite" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Zeophyllite.sheet.png/114px-Zeophyllite.sheet.png" decoding="async" width="114" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Zeophyllite.sheet.png/171px-Zeophyllite.sheet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Zeophyllite.sheet.png/229px-Zeophyllite.sheet.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2100" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Phyllosilicate, single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeophyllite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeophyllite (page does not exist)">zeophyllite</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Carletonite.sheet.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Phyllosilicate, double nets with 4- and 6-membered rings, carletonite"><img alt="Phyllosilicate, double nets with 4- and 6-membered rings, carletonite" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Carletonite.sheet.png/96px-Carletonite.sheet.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Carletonite.sheet.png/144px-Carletonite.sheet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Carletonite.sheet.png/192px-Carletonite.sheet.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="3200" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Phyllosilicate, double nets with 4- and 6-membered rings, <a href="/wiki/Carletonite" title="Carletonite">carletonite</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tectosilicates">Tectosilicates</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicate_mineral&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tectosilicates">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:Tectosilicates" title="Category:Tectosilicates">Tectosilicates</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beta-quartz-CM-2D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Beta-quartz-CM-2D-balls.png/220px-Beta-quartz-CM-2D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Beta-quartz-CM-2D-balls.png/330px-Beta-quartz-CM-2D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Beta-quartz-CM-2D-balls.png/440px-Beta-quartz-CM-2D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="1933" /></a><figcaption>Silica family <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(SiO2 3D network), β-<a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zeolite-ZSM-5-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Zeolite-ZSM-5-vdW.png/220px-Zeolite-ZSM-5-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Zeolite-ZSM-5-vdW.png/330px-Zeolite-ZSM-5-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Zeolite-ZSM-5-vdW.png/440px-Zeolite-ZSM-5-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1876" data-file-height="1420" /></a><figcaption>Aluminosilicate family, the 3D model of synthetic <a href="/wiki/Zeolite" title="Zeolite">zeolite</a> ZSM-5</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quartz_oisan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quartz_oisan.jpg/220px-Quartz_oisan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quartz_oisan.jpg/330px-Quartz_oisan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quartz_oisan.jpg/440px-Quartz_oisan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4004" data-file-height="4031" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">Quartz</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lunar_Ferroan_Anorthosite_(60025).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Lunar_Ferroan_Anorthosite_%2860025%29.jpg/220px-Lunar_Ferroan_Anorthosite_%2860025%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Lunar_Ferroan_Anorthosite_%2860025%29.jpg/330px-Lunar_Ferroan_Anorthosite_%2860025%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Lunar_Ferroan_Anorthosite_%2860025%29.jpg/440px-Lunar_Ferroan_Anorthosite_%2860025%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Lunar</a> ferroan <a href="/wiki/Anorthosite" title="Anorthosite">anorthosite</a> (<a href="/wiki/Plagioclase" title="Plagioclase">plagioclase</a> feldspar) collected by <a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">Apollo 16</a> astronauts from the <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Moon#Highlands" title="Geology of the Moon">Lunar Highlands</a> near <a href="/wiki/Descartes_(crater)" title="Descartes (crater)">Descartes Crater</a></figcaption></figure> Tectosilicates, or "framework silicates," have a three-dimensional framework of silicate <a href="/wiki/Tetrahedra" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrahedra">tetrahedra</a> with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">SiO2 in a 1:2 ratio. This group comprises nearly 75% of the <a href="/wiki/Crust_(geology)" title="Crust (geology)">crust</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-deer4B-6">[6]</a> Tectosilicates, with the exception of the quartz group, are <a href="/wiki/Aluminosilicate" title="Aluminosilicate">aluminosilicates</a>. The Nickel–Strunz classifications are 09.F and 09.G, 04.DA (Quartz/ silica family). Examples include: <ul><li>3D-Silicates, quartz family <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">Quartz</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">SiO2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridymite" title="Tridymite">Tridymite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">SiO2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristobalite" title="Cristobalite">Cristobalite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">SiO2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coesite" title="Coesite">Coesite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">SiO2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stishovite" title="Stishovite">Stishovite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">SiO2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moganite" title="Moganite">Moganite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">SiO2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcedony" title="Chalcedony">Chalcedony</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">SiO2</li></ul></li> <li>Tectosilicates, <a href="/wiki/Feldspar" title="Feldspar">feldspar</a> group <ul><li>Alkali feldspars (potassium feldspars) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microcline" title="Microcline">Microcline</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">KAlSi3O8</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthoclase" title="Orthoclase">Orthoclase</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">KAlSi3O8</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anorthoclase" title="Anorthoclase">Anorthoclase</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Na,K)AlSi3O8</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanidine" title="Sanidine">Sanidine</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">KAlSi3O8</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plagioclase" title="Plagioclase">Plagioclase</a> feldspars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albite" title="Albite">Albite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">NaAlSi3O8</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligoclase" title="Oligoclase">Oligoclase</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Na,Ca)(Si,Al)4O8     (Na:Ca 4:1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andesine" title="Andesine">Andesine</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Na,Ca)(Si,Al)4O8     (Na:Ca 3:2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labradorite" title="Labradorite">Labradorite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Ca,Na)(Si,Al)4O8     (Na:Ca 2:3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bytownite" title="Bytownite">Bytownite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Ca,Na)(Si,Al)4O8     (Na:Ca 1:4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anorthite" title="Anorthite">Anorthite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">CaAl2Si2O8</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Tectosilicates, <a href="/wiki/Feldspathoid" title="Feldspathoid">feldspathoid</a> family <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nosean" title="Nosean">Nosean</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Na8Al6Si6O24(SO4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancrinite" title="Cancrinite">Cancrinite</a> –<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Na6Ca2(CO3,Al6Si6O24) · 2 <a href="/wiki/Water_of_crystallization" title="Water of crystallization">H2O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucite" title="Leucite">Leucite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">KAlSi2O6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepheline" title="Nepheline">Nepheline</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Na,K)AlSiO4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodalite" title="Sodalite">Sodalite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Na8(AlSiO4)6Cl2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauyne" title="Hauyne">Hauyne</a> – (Na,Ca) 4–8Al 6Si 6(O,S)24(SO 4,Cl) 1–2 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lazurite" title="Lazurite">Lazurite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(SO4,S,Cl)2</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Tectosilicates, <a href="/wiki/Scapolite" title="Scapolite">scapolite</a> group <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marialite" title="Marialite">Marialite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Na4(AlSi3O8)3(Cl2,CO3,SO4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meionite" title="Meionite">Meionite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Ca4(Al2Si2O8)3(Cl2CO3,SO4)</li></ul></li> <li>Tectosilicates, <a href="/wiki/Zeolite" title="Zeolite">zeolite</a> family <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natrolite" title="Natrolite">Natrolite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">Na2Al2Si3O10·2H2O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erionite" title="Erionite">Erionite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Na2,K2,Ca)2Al4Si14O36·15H2O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chabazite" title="Chabazite">Chabazite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">CaAl2Si4O12·6H2O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heulandite" title="Heulandite">Heulandite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">CaAl2Si7O18·6H2O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilbite" title="Stilbite">Stilbite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">NaCa2Al5Si13O36·17H2O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scolecite" title="Scolecite">Scolecite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">CaAl2Si3O10·3H2O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordenite" title="Mordenite">Mordenite</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">(Ca,Na2,K2)Al2Si10O24·7H2O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analcime" title="Analcime">Analcime</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">NaAlSi2O6·H2O</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicate_mineral&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png/28px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png/42px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png/56px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17_with_transparent_background.png 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="2776" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Earth_sciences" title="Portal:Earth sciences">Earth sciences portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_non-silicate_minerals" title="Classification of non-silicate minerals">Classification of non-silicate minerals</a> – List of IMA recognized minerals and groupings</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_silicate_minerals" title="Classification of silicate minerals">Classification of silicate minerals</a> – List of IMA recognized minerals and groupings</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicate_mineral_paint" title="Silicate mineral paint">Silicate mineral paint</a> – Paint coats with mineral binding agents</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicate_mineral&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/mineral-chemical-compound/Silicates">"Mineral - Silicates"</a>. britannica.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025133427/https://www.britannica.com/science/mineral-chemical-compound/Silicates">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=britannica.com&rft.atitle=Mineral+-+Silicates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fmineral-chemical-compound%2FSilicates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilicate+mineral" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-deer-2"><a href="#cite_ref-deer_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeerHowie,_R.A.Zussman,_J.1992" class="citation book cs1">Deer, W.A.; Howie, R.A.; Zussman, J. (1992). <a href="/wiki/An_introduction_to_the_rock-forming_minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="An introduction to the rock-forming minerals">An introduction to the rock-forming minerals</a> (2nd ed.). London: Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-30094-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-30094-0"><bdi>0-582-30094-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+the+rock-forming+minerals&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-582-30094-0&rft.aulast=Deer&rft.aufirst=W.A.&rft.au=Howie%2C+R.A.&rft.au=Zussman%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilicate+mineral" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hurlbut-3"><a href="#cite_ref-hurlbut_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurlbutKlein,_Cornelis1985" class="citation book cs1">Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manualofmineralo00klei">Manual of Mineralogy</a> (20th ed.). Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-47180580-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-47180580-7"><bdi>0-47180580-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+of+Mineralogy&rft.edition=20th&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-47180580-7&rft.aulast=Hurlbut&rft.aufirst=Cornelius+S.&rft.au=Klein%2C+Cornelis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmanualofmineralo00klei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilicate+mineral" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Deer, W.A.; Howie, R.A., & Zussman, J. (1992). An introduction to the rock forming minerals (2nd edition ed.). London: Longman <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-30094-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-30094-0">0-582-30094-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis ||1985). Manual of Mineralogy, Wiley, (20th edition ed.). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-80580-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-80580-7">0-471-80580-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-deer4B-6"><a href="#cite_ref-deer4B_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeerHowie,_R.A.Wise,_W.S.Zussman,_J.2004" class="citation book cs1">Deer, W.A.; Howie, R.A.; Wise, W.S.; Zussman, J. (2004). Rock-forming minerals. Volume 4B. Framework silicates: silica minerals. Feldspathoids and the zeolites (2nd ed.). London: Geological Society of London. p. 982 pp.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rock-forming+minerals.+Volume+4B.+Framework+silicates%3A+silica+minerals.+Feldspathoids+and+the+zeolites&rft.place=London&rft.pages=982+pp&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Geological+Society+of+London&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Deer&rft.aufirst=W.A.&rft.au=Howie%2C+R.A.&rft.au=Wise%2C+W.S.&rft.au=Zussman%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilicate+mineral" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicate_mineral&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/Nickel%E2%80%93Strunz_classification" title="Nickel–Strunz classification">IMA–CNMNC / Nickel–Strunz IDs Mineral categories (classes, subclasses, divisions)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#002b7a; color:white;">"Special cases" ("native elements and organic minerals")</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_element_mineral" title="Native element mineral">"Native elements"</a> (IDs 1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_organic_minerals" title="Classification of organic minerals">Organic minerals</a> (IDs 10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#002b7a; color:white;">"Sulfides and oxides"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulfide_mineral" title="Sulfide mineral">Sulfides</a> (IDs 2.A–F)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfosalt_mineral" title="Sulfosalt mineral">Sulfosalts</a>; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites (IDs 2.G)</li></ul> <ul><li>Sulfosalts; sulfarsenates, sulfantimonates (IDs 2.K)</li> <li>Other sulfosalts (IDs 2.H–J and 2.L–M)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxide_mineral" title="Oxide mineral">Oxides</a> (IDs 4.A–E, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Pyrochlore" title="Pyrochlore">pyrochlore</a> supergroup and <a href="/wiki/Corundum" title="Corundum">corundum</a> group)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxide_mineral#Class:_hydroxides" title="Oxide mineral">Hydroxides</a> (IDs 4.F–G)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenite_mineral" title="Arsenite mineral">Arsenates(IV), sulfates(IV) and iodates</a> (IDs 4.J–K)</li></ul> <ul><li>Tellurium oxysalts</li> <li>Vanadium oxides (IDs 4.H)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#002b7a; color:white;">"Evaporites and similars"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbonate_mineral" title="Carbonate mineral">Carbonates</a> (IDs 5.A–E)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonate_mineral#Class:_nitrates" title="Carbonate mineral">Nitrates</a> (IDs 5.N)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borate_mineral" title="Borate mineral">Borates</a> (IDs 6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halide_mineral" title="Halide mineral">Halides</a> (IDs 3)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#002b7a; color:white;">"Mineral structures with tetrahedral units" (sulfate anion, phosphate anion, silicon, etc.)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Monomeric minerals (similar to nesosilicates)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulfate_mineral" title="Sulfate mineral">Sulfates</a>(VI) (IDs 7.A–E)</li> <li>Thiosulphates (IDs 7.J)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulfate_mineral#Class:_chromates" title="Sulfate mineral">Chromates</a>(VI) (IDs 7.F)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfate_mineral#Class:_molybdates,_wolframates_and_niobates" title="Sulfate mineral">Molybdates, wolframates, niobates</a>(VI) (IDs 7.G–H)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phosphate_mineral" title="Phosphate mineral">Phosphates</a>(V) (IDs 8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenate_mineral" title="Arsenate mineral">Arsenates, vanadates</a>(V) (IDs 8)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nesosilicates" class="mw-redirect" title="Nesosilicates">Monomeric, isolated silicates</a> (IDs 9.A)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_minerals_%E2%80%93_Silicates#Subclass:_Germanates" class="mw-redirect" title="Classification of minerals – Silicates">Germanates</a> (IDs 9.J)</li></ul> <ul><li>Silicate frameworks, tectosilicates</li></ul> <ul><li>Zeolite frameworks, <a href="/wiki/Zeolite" title="Zeolite">zeolite family</a> (IDs 9.G)</li></ul> <ul><li>Other feldspathoids: <a href="/wiki/Nepheline" title="Nepheline">nephelines</a> (IDs 9.FA.05)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancrinite" title="Cancrinite">Cancrinite</a>-<a href="/wiki/Sodalite" title="Sodalite">sodalite</a> groups (IDs 9.FB.)</li></ul> <ul><li>Other tectosilicates (IDs 9.FA. and 9.FB.15, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Feldspar" title="Feldspar">feldspars</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li>Other silicate frameworks</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyclosilicates" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclosilicates">Cyclosilicates</a> (IDs 9.C)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllosilicates" class="mw-redirect" title="Phyllosilicates">Phyllosilicates</a> (IDs 9.E, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clays</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide#Crystalline_forms" title="Silicon dioxide">Silica family</a> (IDs 4.DA.)</li></ul> <ul><li>Inosilicates</li></ul> <ul><li>Single chain <a href="/wiki/Inosilicates" class="mw-redirect" title="Inosilicates">inosilicates</a> (IDs 9.D, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Pyroxene" title="Pyroxene">pyroxenes</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li>Ribbon or multiple chain inosilicates (IDs 9.D, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Amphibole" title="Amphibole">amphiboles</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li>Other non monomeric minerals</li></ul> <ul><li>Unclassified silicates (IDs 9.H)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sorosilicates" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorosilicates">Sorosilicates</a> (IDs 9.B, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Epidote" title="Epidote">epidote</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seidozerite" title="Seidozerite">seidozerite</a> supergroups)</li></ul> <ul><li>Polymeric, isolated silicates (IDs 9.A, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Olivine" title="Olivine">olivine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gadolinite" title="Gadolinite">gadolinite</a> supergroups)</li></ul> <ul><li>Other inorganic polymers (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Polyoxometalate" title="Polyoxometalate">polyoxometalates</a>; "<a href="/wiki/Polyphosphate" title="Polyphosphate">polyphosphates</a>", IDs 8.F)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/23px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/34px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/46px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2893" data-file-height="3552" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Minerals" title="Portal:Minerals">Minerals portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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