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<div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 ACAPOR </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ACAPOR-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-More_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#More_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 More attacks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-More_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musician_and_copyright_advocate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musician_and_copyright_advocate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Musician and copyright advocate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musician_and_copyright_advocate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RIAA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RIAA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 RIAA </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RIAA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_5,_2010_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_5,_2010_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 November 5, 2010 attacks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November_5,_2010_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hiatus_and_resumption_of_website_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hiatus_and_resumption_of_website_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Hiatus and resumption of website attacks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hiatus_and_resumption_of_website_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sarah_Palin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sarah_Palin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Sarah Palin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sarah_Palin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation_Avenge_Assange" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_Avenge_Assange"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Operation Avenge Assange </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_Avenge_Assange-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tools_and_communication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tools_and_communication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Tools and communication </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tools_and_communication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_indictment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_indictment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Federal indictment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_indictment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> 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</nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Operation Payback</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback" title="Operation Payback – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Operation Payback" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback" title="Operation Payback – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Operation Payback" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback" title="Operation Payback – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Operation Payback" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DA%A9" title="عملیات پی‌بک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عملیات پی‌بک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Payback" title="Operation Payback – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Operation Payback" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Payback" title="Operación Payback – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Operación Payback" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operazione_Payback" title="Operazione Payback – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Operazione Payback" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="ကလေစား စစ်ဆင်ရေး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကလေစား စစ်ဆင်ရေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E5%B9%B4%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%A6" title="2010年ペイバック作戦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="2010年ペイバック作戦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacja_Payback" title="Operacja Payback – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Operacja Payback" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Payback" title="Operação Payback – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Operação Payback" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Series of cyberattacks conducted by Anonymous</div> Operation Payback was a coordinated,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> decentralized<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> group of attacks on high-profile<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> opponents of <a href="/wiki/Internet_piracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet piracy">Internet piracy</a> by <a href="/wiki/Internet_activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet activist">Internet activists</a> using the "<a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymous (group)">Anonymous</a>" moniker. Operation Payback started as retaliation to <a href="/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">distributed denial of service</a> (DDoS) attacks on <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement#Peer-to-peer_issues" title="Copyright infringement">torrent</a> sites; piracy proponents then decided to launch DDoS attacks on piracy opponents. The initial reaction snowballed into a wave of attacks on major pro-copyright and anti-piracy organizations, law firms, and individuals. The <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association" title="Motion Picture Association">Motion Picture Association of America</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_UK" title="Pirate Party UK">Pirate Party UK</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Pirate_Party" title="United States Pirate Party">United States Pirate Party</a> criticised the attacks. Following the <a href="/wiki/United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak" title="United States diplomatic cables leak">United States diplomatic cables leak</a> in December 2010, the organizers commenced DDoS attacks on websites of banks who had withdrawn banking facilities from <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:You_call_it_piracy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/You_call_it_piracy.jpg/220px-You_call_it_piracy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/You_call_it_piracy.jpg/330px-You_call_it_piracy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/You_call_it_piracy.jpg/440px-You_call_it_piracy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>Early Operation Payback flyer</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_and_initial_attacks">Background and initial attacks</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background and initial attacks">edit</a>]</div> In 2010, several <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> companies hired Aiplex Software to launch DDoS attacks on websites that did not respond to <a href="/wiki/Takedown_notice" class="mw-redirect" title="Takedown notice">takedown notices</a>.<a href="#cite_note-theregister1-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc-5">[5]</a> Piracy activists then created Operation Payback in September 2010 in retaliation.<a href="#cite_note-theregister1-4">[4]</a> The original plan was to attack Aiplex Software directly, but upon finding some hours before the planned DDoS that another individual had taken down the firm's website on their own, Operation Payback moved to launching attacks against the websites of copyright stringent organisations <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion Picture Association of America">Motion Picture Association of America</a> (MPAA) and <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry" title="International Federation of the Phonographic Industry">International Federation of the Phonographic Industry</a>, giving the two websites a combined total downtime of 30 hours.<a href="#cite_note-torrentfreak-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-pandalabssecurity-7">[7]</a> In the following two days, Operation Payback attacked a multitude of sites affiliated with the MPAA, the <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a> (RIAA),<a href="#cite_note-torrentfreak-2-8">[8]</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">British Phonographic Industry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-theregister1-4">[4]</a> Law firms such as <a href="/wiki/ACS:Law" title="ACS:Law">ACS:Law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Davenport_Lyons" title="Davenport Lyons">Davenport Lyons</a> and Dunlap, Grubb & Weaver (of the <a href="/wiki/US_Copyright_Group" title="US Copyright Group">US Copyright Group</a>) were also attacked.<a href="#cite_note-theregister2-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-theregister3-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-ars-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-slyck-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attacks_on_the_recording_industry">Attacks on the recording industry</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Attacks on the recording industry">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_firms">Law firms</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Law firms">edit</a>]</div> On September 21, 2010, the website of United Kingdom law firm <a href="/wiki/ACS:Law" title="ACS:Law">ACS:Law</a> was subjected to a DDoS attack as part of Operation Payback. When asked about the attacks, Andrew Crossley, owner of ACS:Law, said: "It was only down for a few hours. I have far more concern over the fact of my train turning up 10 minutes late or having to queue for a coffee than them wasting my time with this sort of rubbish."<a href="#cite_note-theregister2-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-ars-11">[11]</a> When the site came back online a 350<a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">MB</a> file, which was a backup of the site, was visible to anyone for a short period of time.<a href="#cite_note-theregister4-13">[13]</a> The backup, which included copies of emails sent by the firm, was downloaded and made available on various <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> networks and websites including <a href="/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay" title="The Pirate Bay">The Pirate Bay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-theregister4-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Some of the emails contained unencrypted <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Excel</a> spreadsheets, listing the names and addresses of people that ACS:Law had accused of illegally sharing media. One contained more than 5,300 <a href="/wiki/Sky_broadband" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky broadband">Sky broadband</a> customers whom they had accused of illegally sharing <a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">pornography</a>,<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> while another contained the details of 8,000 Sky customers and 400 <a href="/wiki/Plusnet" title="Plusnet">Plusnet</a> customers accused of infringing the copyright on music by sharing it on <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_file_sharing" title="Peer-to-peer file sharing">peer-to-peer networks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> This alleged breach of the <a href="/wiki/Data_Protection_Act_1998" title="Data Protection Act 1998">Data Protection Act</a> has become part of the ongoing investigation into ACS:Law by the <a href="/wiki/Information_Commissioner%27s_Office" title="Information Commissioner's Office">Information Commissioner's Office</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> On September 30, the <a href="/wiki/Leesburg,_Virginia" title="Leesburg, Virginia">Leesburg, Virginia</a> office of Dunlap, Grubb & Weaver law firm – also doing business as the "<a href="/wiki/US_Copyright_Group" title="US Copyright Group">U.S. Copyright Group</a>"<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> – was evacuated by the police after an emailed bomb threat was received.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> It's believed the event could be connected to Anonymous.<a href="#cite_note-torrentfreak-3-24">[24]</a> Non-related copyright or law firms sites, such as websheriff.com,<a href="#cite_note-slyck-12">[12]</a> were also attacked. These attacks were originally organized through an <a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">Internet Relay Chat</a> channel.<a href="#cite_note-theregister1-4">[4]</a> The attacks also became a popular topic on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-theregister1-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australian_pro-copyright_organization">Australian pro-copyright organization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Australian pro-copyright organization">edit</a>]</div> On September 27, 2010, the DDoS attack on the <a href="/wiki/AFACT" class="mw-redirect" title="AFACT">Australian Federation Against Copyright Theft</a> (AFACT) unintentionally brought down 8,000 other small websites hosted on the same server.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ACAPOR">ACAPOR</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: ACAPOR">edit</a>]</div> In September 2010, in an attempt to ensure that <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> citizens could not access thepiratebay.org, Associação do Comércio Audiovisual de Portugal (ACAPOR) filed a complaint against <a href="/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay" title="The Pirate Bay">The Pirate Bay</a>. The complaint was filed with the General Inspection of Cultural Activities, which is part of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Portugal)" title="Ministry of Culture (Portugal)">Portuguese Ministry of Culture</a>. According to the movie rental association, The Pirate Bay is directly responsible for about 15 million illegal downloads in Portugal every year. By installing a Pirate Bay block on all <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">ISPs</a>, ACAPOR hoped to decrease the financial damage it claims The Pirate Bay causes.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> On October 18, 2010, the ACAPOR website was <a href="/wiki/Website_defacement" title="Website defacement">defaced</a>, presenting text from Operation Payback and a redirect to The Pirate Bay after a few seconds. In addition to defacing the website, a copy of the email database of ACAPOR was uploaded to The Pirate Bay.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The leaked e-mails so far revealed ACAPOR's methods of denunciation, its dissatisfaction with the Portuguese government and justice system,<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> its perception of the copyright debate as war, and its antagonism with the ISPs. ACAPOR claimed that "the business of ISPs is illegal downloading."<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="More_attacks">More attacks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: More attacks">edit</a>]</div> On October 4, 2010, Operation Payback launched an attack on the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Sound" title="Ministry of Sound">Ministry of Sound</a> website and the Gallant Macmillan website.<a href="#cite_note-theregister5-31">[31]</a> On October 7, 2010, they attacked the website of the Spanish copyright society, sgae.es.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> As of October 7, 2010, the total downtime for all websites attacked during Operation Payback was 537.55 hours.<a href="#cite_note-pandalabssecurity-7">[7]</a> On October 15, 2010, Copyprotected.com was <a href="/wiki/SQL_injection" title="SQL injection">SQL injected</a> and defaced,<a href="#cite_note-pandalabssecurity-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-torrentfreak-4-33">[33]</a> and three days later Operation Payback launched a DDoS attack against the <a href="/wiki/UK_Intellectual_Property_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Intellectual Property Office">UK Intellectual Property Office</a>.<a href="#cite_note-theregister6-34">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Production_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Production companies">Production companies</a> SatelFilm.at and Wega-Film.at were hit by "drive-by" DDoSes on October 21, 2010, in response to their efforts to gain a court injunction against an <a href="/wiki/ISP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISP">ISP</a> that refused to block a movie-streaming website,<a href="#cite_note-slycknews-35">[35]</a> Operation Payback then knocked porn website <a href="/wiki/Hustler_(magazine)" title="Hustler (magazine)">Hustler.com</a> offline the following day.<a href="#cite_note-slycknews-hustler-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musician_and_copyright_advocate">Musician and copyright advocate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Musician and copyright advocate">edit</a>]</div> During the 2010 <a href="/wiki/MIPCOM" title="MIPCOM">MIPCOM</a> convention, <a href="/wiki/Gene_Simmons" title="Gene Simmons">Gene Simmons</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kiss_(band)" title="Kiss (band)">KISS</a> stated: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Make sure your brand is protected <abbr style="text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px dotted black;margin-bottom:1px;" title="quote text omitted">...</abbr> Make sure there are no incursions. Be litigious. Sue everybody. Take their homes, their cars. Don't let anybody cross that line.<a href="#cite_note-Lasar-37">[37]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Gene Simmons</cite></div></blockquote> In response to Simmons' comments,<a href="#cite_note-theguardian-38">[38]</a> members of Operation Payback switched their attentions to his two websites, SimmonsRecords.com and GeneSimmons.com, taking them both offline for a total of 38 hours.<a href="#cite_note-pandalabssecurity-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mennecke-39">[39]</a> At some point during the course of this DDoS, GeneSimmons.com was hacked and redirected to <a href="/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay" title="The Pirate Bay">ThePirateBay.org</a>.<a href="#cite_note-escapistmagazine-40">[40]</a> In response to the attack Simmons wrote: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Some of you may have heard a few popcorn farts re: our sites being threatened by hackers. Our legal team and the FBI have been on the case and we have found a few, shall we say "adventurous" young people, who feel they are above the law. And, as stated in my MIPCOM speech, we will sue their pants off. First, they will be punished. Second, they might find their little butts in jail, right next to someone who's been there for years and is looking for a new girl friend. We will soon be printing their names and pictures. We will find you. You cannot hide. Stay tuned<a href="#cite_note-Mennecke1-41">[41]</a></blockquote> This led to additional attacks and subsequently more downtime for his websites.<a href="#cite_note-Mennecke1-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Read-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-Anderson-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Later, Simmons's message was removed from his website.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> More than one year later, in December 2011, a person supposedly known under the nickname "spydr101" was arrested in relation to the attack against GeneSimmons.com. He was charged with conspiracy and unauthorized impairment of a protected computer.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RIAA">RIAA</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: RIAA">edit</a>]</div> On October 26, 2010, <a href="/wiki/LimeWire" title="LimeWire">LimeWire</a> was ordered to disable the "searching, downloading, uploading, file trading and/or file distribution functionality" after losing a court battle with the <a href="/wiki/RIAA" class="mw-redirect" title="RIAA">RIAA</a> over claims of copyright infringement. Not satisfied with the injunction, the RIAA announced its intention to continue the <a href="/wiki/Arista_Records_LLC_v._Lime_Group_LLC" title="Arista Records LLC v. Lime Group LLC">Arista Records LLC v. Lime Group LLC</a> trial to recover damages caused by the program.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In retaliation,<a href="#cite_note-cnbc-51">[51]</a> members of Operation Payback announced that they would attack RIAA's website on October 29, despite the fact that the group typically does not hit the same target twice.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> On October 29, riaa.org indeed was taken offline via <a href="/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">denial-of-service attack</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> After the attack, riaa.com and riaa.org sites were inaccessible in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Operation Payback's main site was attacked later that day, and they subsequently moved their website from tieve.tk to anonops.net.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-net-security-58">[58]</a> During the damages phase of the LimeWire trial, the RIAA attempted to switch from seeking statutory damages per-work to seeking them per-infringement, but did not quote a total damage amount, nor a method of calculating the number of infringements.<a href="#cite_note-DamagesRuling-59">[59]</a> The judge in the case rejected the proposal, holding that case law only supported statutory damages on a per-work basis for large-scale infringement, thus capping the potential award at $1.5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-DamagesRuling-59">[59]</a> On March 15, 2011, four days after the ruling, a report appeared on Law.com highlighting the judge's remark that the per-infringement award sought by the record companies might total in the "trillions"; the report estimated $75 trillion in its attention-grabbing headline (USA's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">nominal GDP</a> in 2012-2013 was about $16–17 trillion).<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> This figure was repeated in <a href="/wiki/PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a> on March 23.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> An Operation Payback call-to-arms followed, citing the $75 trillion figure as if it were still being actively sought by the RIAA, and a DDoS attack on the RIAA website commenced on March 25.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November_5,_2010_attacks">November 5, 2010 attacks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: November 5, 2010 attacks">edit</a>]</div> Around October 28, 2010, the group set up a new website with the intention of coordinating protests around the world to raise awareness of their cause. The date for the protest activities were on November 5, the intended day of the <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_Plot" title="Gunpowder Plot">Gunpowder Plot</a>, with which Anonymous heavily affiliates through its use of <a href="/wiki/Guy_Fawkes" title="Guy Fawkes">Guy Fawkes</a> masks. The protest activity included an attack on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Copyright_Office" title="United States Copyright Office">United States Copyright Office</a>, after which the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a> launched an investigation.<a href="#cite_note-cnet-63">[63]</a> They later arrested one person accused of taking part in the attack on <a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nl-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hiatus_and_resumption_of_website_attacks">Hiatus and resumption of website attacks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hiatus and resumption of website attacks">edit</a>]</div> On November 9, 2010, Operation Payback temporarily ceased attacking websites.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The hiatus lasted about four months, ending with an early March 2011 attack that temporarily took down the website of <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_Music,_Inc." title="Broadcast Music, Inc.">BMI</a>, a prominent collection society operating on behalf of music publishers.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> This was followed by the aforementioned second attack on the RIAA website. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sarah_Palin">Sarah Palin</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sarah Palin">edit</a>]</div> On December 8, 2010, U.S. politician <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a> announced that her website and personal credit card information were compromised.<a href="#cite_note-sarah-1-67">[67]</a> Palin's team believed the attack was executed by Anonymous, though Anonymous never commented about Palin as a possible target for any attack.<a href="#cite_note-sarah-1-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-metro-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-sarah-2-69">[69]</a> Palin's technical team posted a screenshot of a server log file showing the wikileaks.org <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sarah-1-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-sarah-2-69">[69]</a> Visa attacks had been denial of service attacks, but credit card data was not compromised. It is unknown whether Palin's card was compromised as part of a broad attack on Visa or a specific attack on the Palins.<a href="#cite_note-sarah-2-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation_Avenge_Assange">Operation Avenge Assange</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Operation Avenge Assange">edit</a>]</div> In December 2010, <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> came under intense pressure to stop publishing secret U.S. diplomatic cables. Corporations such as <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon</a>, <a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a>, <a href="/wiki/BankAmerica" class="mw-redirect" title="BankAmerica">BankAmerica</a>, Swiss bank <a href="/wiki/PostFinance" title="PostFinance">PostFinance</a>, <a href="/wiki/MasterCard" class="mw-redirect" title="MasterCard">MasterCard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visa_Inc." title="Visa Inc.">Visa</a> either stopped working with or froze their customers' donations to WikiLeaks due to political pressures. In response, those behind Operation Payback directed their activities against these companies.<a href="#cite_note-panda-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Operation Payback launched DDoS attacks against PayPal, PostFinance and the <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Sweden#Swedish_Prosecution_Authority" title="Law enforcement in Sweden">Swedish Prosecution Authority</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rawstory1-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> On December 8, 2010, a coordinated DDoS attack by Operation Payback brought down both the MasterCard and Visa websites.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> On December 9, 2010, prior to a sustained DDoS attack on the PayPal website that caused a minor slowdown to its service, PayPal announced on its blog that it would release the frozen funds in the account of the <a href="/wiki/Wau_Holland_Foundation" title="Wau Holland Foundation">Wau Holland Foundation</a> that was raising funds for WikiLeaks, but would not reactivate the account.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Regarding the attacks, WikiLeaks spokesman Kristinn Hrafnsson denied any relation to the group and said, "We neither condemn nor applaud these attacks. We believe they are a reflection of public opinion on the actions of the targets."<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> On the same day, a 16-year-old boy was arrested in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, in connection with the distributed denial-of-service attacks against MasterCard and PayPal.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The boy was an IRC operator under the nickname of Jeroenz0r.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> On December 10, 2010, <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a> reported that Anonymous had threatened to disrupt British government websites if Assange were extradited to Sweden.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Anonymous issued a <a href="/wiki/Press_release" title="Press release">press release</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> in an attempt to clarify the issue.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a> co-founder <a href="/wiki/John_Perry_Barlow" title="John Perry Barlow">John Perry Barlow</a> described the attacks as "the <a href="/wiki/Shot_heard_round_the_world" title="Shot heard round the world">shot heard round the world</a>—this is <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Lexington</a>."<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> On December 13, 2010 <a href="/wiki/Julian_Assange" title="Julian Assange">Julian Assange</a> called for supporters to protect WikiLeaks and said that "Visa, Mastercard, PayPal and others are instruments of US foreign policy" in a statement that was seen as likely to add cyber attacks being perpetrated by Anonymous in support of WikiLeaks.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The following is a list of sites and domains known to have been targeted: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Target </th> <th>Site </th> <th>Attack time </th> <th>Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PostFinance" title="PostFinance">PostFinance</a> </td> <td>postfinance.ch </td> <td align="center">2010-12-06 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-rawstory1-72">[72]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Sweden#Swedish_Prosecution_Authority" title="Law enforcement in Sweden">Swedish Prosecution Authority</a> </td> <td>aklagare.se </td> <td align="center">2010-12-07 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/EveryDNS" title="EveryDNS">EveryDNS</a> </td> <td>everydns.com </td> <td align="center">2010-12-07 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-panda-70">[70]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lieberman" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Lieberman">Joseph Lieberman</a> </td> <td>lieberman.senate.gov </td> <td align="center">2010-12-08 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-panda2-92">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MasterCard" class="mw-redirect" title="MasterCard">MasterCard</a> </td> <td>mastercard.com </td> <td align="center">2010-12-08 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Claes_Borgstr%C3%B6m" title="Claes Borgström">Borgstrom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bodstr%C3%B6m" title="Thomas Bodström">Bodström</a> </td> <td>advbyra.se </td> <td align="center">2010-12-08 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-panda2-92">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Visa_Inc." title="Visa Inc.">Visa</a> </td> <td>visa.com </td> <td align="center">2010-12-08 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-visa-94">[94]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a> </td> <td>sarahpac.com </td> <td align="center">2010-12-08 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-sarah-1-67">[67]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a> </td> <td>thepaypalblog.com </td> <td align="center">2010-12-09 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon</a> </td> <td>amazon.com </td> <td align="center">2010-12-09 (Aborted) </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-AmazonAborted-96">[96]</a> <a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>PayPal </td> <td>api.paypal.com:443 </td> <td align="center">2010-12-10 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MoneyBookers" class="mw-redirect" title="MoneyBookers">MoneyBookers</a> </td> <td>moneybookers.com </td> <td align="center">2010-12-10 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Conservatives4Palin </td> <td>conservatives4palin.com </td> <td align="center">2010-12-10 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> Operation Payback's attempt to take down Amazon.com was aborted after they failed to recruit enough users to their botnet; CNN noted that the massive Amazon website "is almost impossible to crash."<a href="#cite_note-AmazonAborted-96">[96]</a> In late December, the FBI began to raid suspected participants in Operation Payback.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> At the beginning of 2011, Operation Payback brought down <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwean</a> government websites after the Zimbabwean <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">President's</a> <a href="/wiki/Grace_Mugabe" title="Grace Mugabe">wife</a> sued a newspaper for $15 million for publishing a WikiLeaks cable that linked her with the alleged trade in <a href="/wiki/Blood_diamond" title="Blood diamond">illicit diamonds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> On January 27, 2011, five males aged between 15 and 26 were arrested in early morning raids in the U.K. on suspicion of involvement,<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> and the FBI executed 40 search warrants the same day.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Intellectual_Property_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office">United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office</a> said that when its site was attacked, those responsible were depriving its citizens of access to information they have a democratic right to access.<a href="#cite_note-cmu-105">[105]</a> Other critics claimed the attacks restricted Gene Simmons' right to free speech.<a href="#cite_note-cmu-105">[105]</a> A spokesman for the MPAA said, "It's troubling that these groups seem more concerned about the rights of those who steal and copy films, music, books, and other creative resources than the rights of American workers who are producing these products."<a href="#cite_note-cnet-63">[63]</a> There was also some criticism from the <a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_UK" title="Pirate Party UK">Pirate Party UK</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Pirate_Party" title="United States Pirate Party">United States Pirate Party</a>, which in a joint public statement urged the group to "Immediately cease the Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks and to instead seek out a legal method to express your frustration and disquiet with the copyright industry, and their perversions of copyright law for personal gain."<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> While acknowledging that the DDoS attacks on credit card and banking web sites serve as political protests, cyber experts said that Operation Payback has not done any long-term damage: most sites are back online, and people are still continuing to use their credit cards to make payments. "This is more like a noisy political demonstration, like a mob surrounding a bank and refusing to let anyone in or out" said one cyber expert.<a href="#cite_note-AFP_NoBite-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tools_and_communication">Tools and communication</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tools and communication">edit</a>]</div> Operation Payback members used a modified version of the <a href="/wiki/Low_Orbit_Ion_Cannon" title="Low Orbit Ion Cannon">Low Orbit Ion Cannon</a> (LOIC) to execute the DDoS attacks.<a href="#cite_note-softpedia1-108">[108]</a> In September 2010, a "Hive Mind" mode was added to the LOIC.<a href="#cite_note-softpedia1-108">[108]</a> While in Hive Mind mode, the LOIC connects to <a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">IRC</a>, where it can be controlled remotely. This allows computers with LOIC installed on them to behave as if they were a part of a <a href="/wiki/Botnet" title="Botnet">botnet</a>. Utilising this tool, the coordinators of Operation Payback were able to quickly take down websites belonging to anti-piracy groups.<a href="#cite_note-softpedia1-108">[108]</a> Botnets of all sizes have also been used.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Members of Operation Payback reportedly used an IRC channel to communicate about which targets to select, after which instructions for attacking the targets were produced and posted on various <a href="/wiki/Imageboards" class="mw-redirect" title="Imageboards">imageboards</a> (4chan/7chan/711chan/420chan/808chan).<a href="#cite_note-p2pnet-110">[110]</a> Media such as <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> were also utilized for coordination,<a href="#cite_note-p2pnet-110">[110]</a> but on December 8, 2010, Operation Payback's Facebook page was removed and its official Twitter account was suspended.<a href="#cite_note-visa-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Additionally a federal court order forced <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Dramatica" title="Encyclopedia Dramatica">Encyclopedia Dramatica</a> to delete its Operation Payback article, which featured a detailed history of the operation, including personal information of some individuals associated with the companies attacked.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_indictment">Federal indictment</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Federal indictment">edit</a>]</div> In July 2011, 14 members of Operation Avenge Assange were arrested.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> In October 2013, 13 members of Operation Payback were indicted in Federal court in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a> as co-conspirators in violation of <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_against_the_United_States" title="Conspiracy against the United States">18 U.S.C. § 371</a> and <a href="/wiki/18_U.S.C._%C2%A7_1030" class="mw-redirect" title="18 U.S.C. § 1030">18 U.S.C. § 1030</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> In 2014, some of the members received a plea deal, reducing their felony charges to a single misdemeanor.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The defendants were penalized with jail sentences, and one defendant with community service.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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Payback</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2010_Australian_cyberattacks" title="February 2010 Australian cyberattacks">February 2010 Australian cyberattacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacktivism" title="Hacktivism">Hacktivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Leakspin" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Leakspin">Operation Leakspin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Chanology" title="Project Chanology">Project Chanology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Payback&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-11971259">"Anonymous Wikileaks supporters explain web attacks"</a>. bbc.co.uk. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 2010-12-10. 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Network</a> – Main IRC network where anonymous resides on</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pandalabs.pandasecurity.com/4chan-users-organize-ddos-against-mpaa/">Pandalabs.pandasecurity.com</a> – Chronicle of all Operation Payback events</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hacking_in_the_2010s" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hacking_in_the_2010s" title="Template:Hacking in the 2010s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hacking_in_the_2010s" title="Template talk:Hacking in the 2010s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hacking_in_the_2010s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hacking in the 2010s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hacking_in_the_2010s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hacking in the 2010s</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/Template:Hacking_in_the_2000s" title="Template:Hacking in the 2000s">2000s</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;" class=""><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_computer_security_hacker_history#2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of computer security hacker history">Timeline</a></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hacking_in_the_2020s" title="Template:Hacking in the 2020s">2020s</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Aurora" title="Operation Aurora">Operation Aurora</a> (publication of 2009 events)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2010_Australian_cyberattacks" title="February 2010 Australian cyberattacks">Australian cyberattacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olympic_Games" title="Operation Olympic Games">Operation Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Network" title="Shadow Network">Operation ShadowNet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Operation Payback</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_government_hackings" title="2011 Canadian government hackings">Canadian government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DigiNotar" title="DigiNotar">DigiNotar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNSChanger" title="DNSChanger">DNSChanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HBGary" title="HBGary">HBGary Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_AntiSec" title="Operation AntiSec">Operation AntiSec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_PlayStation_Network_outage" title="2011 PlayStation Network outage">PlayStation network outage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSA_SecurID#March_2011_system_compromise" title="RSA SecurID">RSA SecurID compromise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_LinkedIn_hack" title="2012 LinkedIn hack">LinkedIn hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratfor_email_leak" title="Stratfor email leak">Stratfor email leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_High_Roller" title="Operation High Roller">Operation High Roller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_South_Korea_cyberattack" title="2013 South Korea cyberattack">South Korea cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snapchat#December_2013_hack" title="Snapchat">Snapchat hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25_cyber_terror" class="mw-redirect" title="June 25 cyber terror">Cyberterrorism attack of June 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_data_breaches#August_2013:_breach" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! data breaches">2013 Yahoo! data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Singapore_cyberattacks" title="2013 Singapore cyberattacks">Singapore cyberattacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthem_medical_data_breach" title="Anthem medical data breach">Anthem medical data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tovar" title="Operation Tovar">Operation Tovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_celebrity_nude_photo_leak" title="2014 celebrity nude photo leak">2014 celebrity nude photo leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_JPMorgan_Chase_data_breach" title="2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach">2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Sony_Pictures_hack" title="2014 Sony Pictures hack">2014 Sony Pictures hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Russian_hacker_password_theft" title="2014 Russian hacker password theft">Russian hacker password theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_data_breaches#Late_2014:_breach" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! data breaches">2014 Yahoo! data breach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Personnel_Management_data_breach" title="Office of Personnel Management data breach">Office of Personnel Management data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HackingTeam#2015_data_breach" title="HackingTeam">HackingTeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Madison_data_breach" title="Ashley Madison data breach">Ashley Madison data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTech#2015_data_breach" title="VTech">VTech data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Ukraine_power_grid_hack" title="2015 Ukraine power grid hack">Ukrainian Power Grid Cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_SWIFT_banking_hack" title="2015–2016 SWIFT banking hack">SWIFT banking hack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Bank_robbery" title="Bangladesh Bank robbery">Bangladesh Bank robbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Presbyterian_Medical_Center#Ransomware" title="Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center">Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center ransomware incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Elections_data_breach" title="Commission on Elections data breach">Commission on Elections data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee_cyber_attacks" title="Democratic National Committee cyber attacks">Democratic National Committee cyber attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_airports_hackings" title="Vietnamese airports hackings">Vietnam Airport Hacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee_cyber_attacks" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee cyber attacks">DCCC cyber attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_Banks_data_breach" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Indian Banks data breach">Indian Bank data breaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surkov_leaks" title="Surkov leaks">Surkov leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DDoS_attacks_on_Dyn" title="DDoS attacks on Dyn">Dyn cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Bitfinex_hack" title="2016 Bitfinex hack">2016 Bitfinex hack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SHA1#SHAttered_–_first_public_collision" class="mw-redirect" title="SHA1">SHAttered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Macron_e-mail_leaks" title="2017 Macron e-mail leaks">2017 Macron e-mail leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WannaCry_ransomware_attack" title="WannaCry ransomware attack">WannaCry ransomware attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Westminster_data_breach" title="2017 Westminster data breach">Westminster data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petya_(malware_family)" title="Petya (malware family)">Petya and NotPetya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Ukraine_ransomware_attacks" title="2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks">2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Equifax_data_breach" title="2017 Equifax data breach">Equifax data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deloitte#E-mail_hack" title="Deloitte">Deloitte breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disqus#October_2017_security_breach" title="Disqus">Disqus breach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trustico#DigiCert_and_Trustico_spat,_2018" title="Trustico">Trustico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_government_ransomware_attack" title="Atlanta government ransomware attack">Atlanta cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_SingHealth_data_breach" title="2018 SingHealth data breach">SingHealth data breach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_cyberattacks_on_Sri_Lanka" title="2019 cyberattacks on Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Baltimore_ransomware_attack" title="2019 Baltimore ransomware attack">Baltimore ransomware attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Bulgarian_revenue_agency_hack" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Bulgarian revenue agency hack">Bulgarian revenue agency hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WhatsApp_snooping_scandal" title="WhatsApp snooping scandal">WhatsApp snooping scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos_phone_hacking_incident" title="Jeff Bezos phone hacking incident">Jeff Bezos phone hacking incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hacktivism" title="Hacktivism">Hacktivism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(hacker_group)" title="Anonymous (hacker group)">Anonymous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_events_associated_with_Anonymous" title="Timeline of events associated with Anonymous">associated events</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CyberBerkut" title="CyberBerkut">CyberBerkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Nigger_Association_of_America" title="Gay Nigger Association of America">GNAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goatse_Security" title="Goatse Security">Goatse Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizard_Squad" title="Lizard Squad">Lizard Squad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LulzRaft" title="LulzRaft">LulzRaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LulzSec" title="LulzSec">LulzSec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dyn_cyberattack#Perpetrators" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Dyn cyberattack">New World Hackers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NullCrew" title="NullCrew">NullCrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OurMine" title="OurMine">OurMine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PayPal_14" title="PayPal 14">PayPal 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RedHack" title="RedHack">RedHack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teamp0ison" title="Teamp0ison">Teamp0ison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Overlord_(hacker_group)" title="The Dark Overlord (hacker group)"> TDO </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UGNazi" title="UGNazi">UGNazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Cyber_Alliance" title="Ukrainian Cyber Alliance">Ukrainian Cyber Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_persistent_threat" title="Advanced persistent threat">Advanced persistent threats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Black_Hat_Hackers" title="Bangladesh Black Hat Hackers">Bangladesh Black Hat Hackers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_121" title="Bureau 121">Bureau 121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charming_Kitten" title="Charming Kitten">Charming Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozy_Bear" title="Cozy Bear">Cozy Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Basin" title="Dark Basin">Dark Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DarkMatter_Group" title="DarkMatter Group">DarkMatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfin_Team" title="Elfin Team">Elfin Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equation_Group" title="Equation Group">Equation Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fancy_Bear" title="Fancy Bear">Fancy Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuxnet#History" title="Stuxnet">GOSSIPGIRL</a> (confederation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guccifer_2.0" title="Guccifer 2.0">Guccifer 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacking_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacking Team">Hacking Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helix_Kitten" title="Helix Kitten">Helix Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Cyber_Army" title="Iranian Cyber Army">Iranian Cyber Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Group" title="Lazarus Group">Lazarus Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Group#BlueNorOff" title="Lazarus Group">BlueNorOff</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Group#AndAriel" title="Lazarus Group">AndAriel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSO_Group" title="NSO Group">NSO Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbered_Panda" title="Numbered Panda">Numbered Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLA_Unit_61398" title="PLA Unit 61398">PLA Unit 61398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLA_Unit_61486" title="PLA Unit 61486">PLA Unit 61486</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLATINUM_(cybercrime_group)" title="PLATINUM (cybercrime group)">PLATINUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranknet" title="Pranknet">Pranknet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Apollo" title="Red Apollo">Red Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Kitten" title="Rocket Kitten">Rocket Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stealth_Falcon" title="Stealth Falcon">Stealth Falcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Electronic_Army" title="Syrian Electronic Army">Syrian Electronic Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailored_Access_Operations" title="Tailored Access Operations">Tailored Access Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_Brokers" title="The Shadow Brokers">The Shadow Brokers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDedic" title="XDedic">xDedic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen_Cyber_Army" title="Yemen Cyber Army">Yemen Cyber Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hacker" title="Hacker">Individuals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Ackroyd" title="Ryan Ackroyd">Ryan Ackroyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Al-Bassam" title="Mustafa Al-Bassam">Mustafa Al-Bassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hotz" title="George Hotz">George Hotz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guccifer" title="Guccifer">Guccifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Gunton" title="Elliott Gunton">Elliott Gunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hammond" title="Jeremy Hammond">Jeremy Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristoffer_von_Hassel" title="Kristoffer von Hassel">Kristoffer von Hassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junaid_Hussain" title="Junaid Hussain">Junaid Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLT_(hacktivist)" title="MLT (hacktivist)">MLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Monsegur" title="Hector Monsegur">Sabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Seleznev" title="Roman Seleznev">Track2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topiary_(hacktivist)" title="Topiary (hacktivist)">Topiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jester_(hacktivist)" title="The Jester (hacktivist)">The Jester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major <a href="/wiki/Vulnerability_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulnerability (computing)">vulnerabilities</a> publicly <a href="/wiki/Full_disclosure_(computer_security)" title="Full disclosure (computer security)">disclosed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evercookie" title="Evercookie">Evercookie</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISeeYou" title="ISeeYou">iSeeYou</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartbleed" title="Heartbleed"> Heartbleed</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shellshock_(software_bug)" title="Shellshock (software bug)">Shellshock</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/POODLE" title="POODLE">POODLE</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootpipe" title="Rootpipe">Rootpipe</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Row_hammer" title="Row hammer">Row hammer</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signaling_System_No._7#Protocol_security_vulnerabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Signaling System No. 7">SS7 vulnerabilities</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinShock" title="WinShock">WinShock</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JASBUG" title="JASBUG">JASBUG</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagefright_(bug)" title="Stagefright (bug)">Stagefright</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DROWN_attack" title="DROWN attack">DROWN</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badlock" title="Badlock">Badlock</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_COW" title="Dirty COW">Dirty COW</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloudbleed" title="Cloudbleed">Cloudbleed</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcom_Corporation#soc-wifi-vulns" title="Broadcom Corporation">Broadcom Wi-Fi</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EternalBlue" title="EternalBlue">EternalBlue</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoublePulsar" title="DoublePulsar">DoublePulsar</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Active_Management_Technology#Silent_Bob_is_Silent" title="Intel Active Management Technology">Silent Bob is Silent</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRACK" title="KRACK">KRACK</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROCA_vulnerability" title="ROCA vulnerability">ROCA vulnerability</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlueBorne_(security_vulnerability)" title="BlueBorne (security vulnerability)">BlueBorne</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meltdown_(security_vulnerability)" title="Meltdown (security vulnerability)">Meltdown</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectre_(security_vulnerability)" title="Spectre (security vulnerability)">Spectre</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EFAIL" title="EFAIL">EFAIL</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exactis" title="Exactis">Exactis</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_Store_Bypass" title="Speculative Store Bypass">Speculative Store Bypass</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazy_FP_state_restore" title="Lazy FP state restore">Lazy FP state restore</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLBleed" title="TLBleed">TLBleed</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SigSpoof" title="SigSpoof">SigSpoof</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreshadow" title="Foreshadow">Foreshadow</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access#Dragonblood_attack" title="Wi-Fi Protected Access">Dragonblood</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microarchitectural_Data_Sampling" title="Microarchitectural Data Sampling">Microarchitectural Data Sampling</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlueKeep" title="BlueKeep">BlueKeep</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kr00k" title="Kr00k">Kr00k</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">Malware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ransomware#Bad_Rabbit" title="Ransomware">Bad Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackEnergy#BlackEnergy_2_(BE2)" title="BlackEnergy"> Black Energy 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpyEye" title="SpyEye">SpyEye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuxnet" title="Stuxnet">Stuxnet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coreflood" title="Coreflood">Coreflood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alureon" title="Alureon">Alureon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqu" title="Duqu">Duqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelihos_botnet" title="Kelihos botnet">Kelihos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metulji_botnet" title="Metulji botnet">Metulji botnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stars_virus" title="Stars virus">Stars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carna_botnet" title="Carna botnet">Carna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexter_(malware)" title="Dexter (malware)">Dexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBI_MoneyPak_Ransomware" title="FBI MoneyPak Ransomware">FBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_(malware)" title="Flame (malware)">Flame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi_(malware)" title="Mahdi (malware)">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_October_(malware)" title="Red October (malware)">Red October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamoon" title="Shamoon">Shamoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CryptoLocker" title="CryptoLocker">CryptoLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_South_Korea_cyberattack" title="2013 South Korea cyberattack">DarkSeoul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brambul" title="Brambul">Brambul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackEnergy#BlackEnergy_3_(BE3)" title="BlackEnergy"> Black Energy 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbanak" title="Carbanak">Carbanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Careto_(malware)" title="Careto (malware)">Careto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DarkHotel" title="DarkHotel">DarkHotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqu_2.0" title="Duqu 2.0">Duqu 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FinFisher" title="FinFisher">FinFisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gameover_ZeuS" title="Gameover ZeuS">Gameover ZeuS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regin_(malware)" title="Regin (malware)">Regin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dridex" title="Dridex">Dridex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Tear" title="Hidden Tear">Hidden Tear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rombertik" title="Rombertik">Rombertik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeslaCrypt" title="TeslaCrypt">TeslaCrypt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hitler-Ransomware" title="Hitler-Ransomware">Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigsaw_(ransomware)" title="Jigsaw (ransomware)">Jigsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KeRanger" title="KeRanger">KeRanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Necurs">Necurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEMZ" title="MEMZ">MEMZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirai_(malware)" title="Mirai (malware)">Mirai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(spyware)" title="Pegasus (spyware)">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petya_and_NotPetya" class="mw-redirect" title="Petya and NotPetya">Petya and NotPetya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Agent" title="X-Agent">X-Agent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BrickerBot" title="BrickerBot">BrickerBot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Ransomware" title="Kirk Ransomware">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LogicLocker" title="LogicLocker">LogicLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rensenware" title="Rensenware">Rensenware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(malware)" title="Triton (malware)">Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WannaCry_ransomware_attack" title="WannaCry ransomware attack">WannaCry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xafecopy_Trojan" title="Xafecopy Trojan">XafeCopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VPNFilter" title="VPNFilter">VPNFilter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grum_botnet" title="Grum botnet">Grum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanap" title="Joanap">Joanap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetTraveler" title="NetTraveler">NetTraveler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_Computer_Club#Staatstrojaner_affair" title="Chaos Computer Club">R2D2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Banker_Trojan" title="Tiny Banker Trojan">Tinba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium_(malware)" title="Titanium (malware)">Titanium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZeroAccess_botnet" title="ZeroAccess botnet">ZeroAccess botnet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anonymous_and_the_Internet" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anonymous_and_the_Internet" title="Template:Anonymous and the Internet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anonymous_and_the_Internet" title="Template talk:Anonymous and the Internet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anonymous_and_the_Internet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anonymous and the Internet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anonymous_and_the_Internet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymous (group)">Anonymous</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Fawkes_mask" title="Guy Fawkes mask">Guy Fawkes mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imageboard" title="Imageboard">Imageboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_vigilantism" title="Internet vigilantism">Internet vigilantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Orbit_Ion_Cannon" title="Low Orbit Ion Cannon">Low Orbit Ion Cannon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related websites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/420chan" title="420chan">420chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets" title="Distributed Denial of Secrets">Distributed Denial of Secrets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Dramatica" title="Encyclopedia Dramatica">Encyclopedia Dramatica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Anonymous_emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Anonymous_emblem.svg/50px-Anonymous_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Anonymous_emblem.svg/75px-Anonymous_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Anonymous_emblem.svg/100px-Anonymous_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Security" title="Ghost Security">Ghost Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LulzSec" title="LulzSec">LulzSec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MalSec" title="MalSec">MalSec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RedHack" title="RedHack">RedHack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2010_Australian_cyberattacks" title="February 2010 Australian cyberattacks">February 2010 Australian cyberattacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_AntiSec" title="Operation AntiSec">Operation AntiSec</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Operation Payback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Chanology" title="Project Chanology">Project Chanology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_and_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymous and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Activities during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_events_associated_with_Anonymous" title="Timeline of events associated with Anonymous">more</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="WikiLeaks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WikiLeaks" title="Template:WikiLeaks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WikiLeaks" title="Template talk:WikiLeaks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WikiLeaks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WikiLeaks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="WikiLeaks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_material_published_by_WikiLeaks" title="List of material published by WikiLeaks">Leaks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_material_published_by_WikiLeaks" title="List of material published by WikiLeaks">List of material published by WikiLeaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_airstrike_video" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad airstrike video">Baghdad airstrike video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_documents_leak_of_the_War_in_Afghanistan" title="United States documents leak of the War in Afghanistan">Afghan war documents leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_documents_leak" title="Iraq War documents leak">Iraq War documents leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak" title="United States diplomatic cables leak">Cables leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_files_leak" title="Guantanamo Bay files leak">Guantanamo Bay files leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratfor_email_leak" title="Stratfor email leak">Stratfor email leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_Files" title="Syria Files">Syria Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Committee_email_leak" title="2016 Democratic National Committee email leak">DNC email leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podesta_emails" title="Podesta emails">Podesta emails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vault_7" title="Vault 7">Vault 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishrot_Files" title="Fishrot Files">Fishrot Files</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak" title="United States diplomatic cables leak">Cables leak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contents_of_the_United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak" title="Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak">Contents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contents_of_the_United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak_(analysis_of_individual_leaders)" title="Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (analysis of individual leaders)">National leaders analyses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak" title="Reactions to the United States diplomatic cables leak">Reactions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Appelbaum" title="Jacob Appelbaum">Jacob Appelbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Assange" title="Julian Assange">Julian Assange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Domscheit-Berg" title="Daniel Domscheit-Berg">Daniel Domscheit-Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Elmer" title="Rudolf Elmer">Rudolf Elmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phineas_Fisher" title="Phineas Fisher">Phineas Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rop_Gonggrijp" title="Rop Gonggrijp">Rop Gonggrijp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guccifer_2.0" title="Guccifer 2.0">Guccifer 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Harrison_(journalist)" title="Sarah Harrison (journalist)">Sarah Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristinn_Hrafnsson" title="Kristinn Hrafnsson">Kristinn Hrafnsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birgitta_J%C3%B3nsd%C3%B3ttir" title="Birgitta Jónsdóttir">Birgitta Jónsdóttir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Manning" title="Chelsea Manning">Chelsea Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_M%C3%BCller-Maguhn" title="Andy Müller-Maguhn">Andy Müller-Maguhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Schulte" title="Joshua Schulte">Joshua Schulte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Shamir" title="Israel Shamir">Israel Shamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfrid_Svartholm" title="Gottfrid Svartholm">Gottfrid Svartholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigurdur_Thordarson" title="Sigurdur Thordarson">Sigurdur Thordarson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assange_v_Swedish_Prosecution_Authority" title="Assange v Swedish Prosecution Authority">Assange v Swedish Prosecution Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Julius_Baer_v._WikiLeaks" title="Bank Julius Baer v. WikiLeaks">Bank Julius Baer v. WikiLeaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee_v._Russian_Federation" title="Democratic National Committee v. Russian Federation">Democratic National Committee v. Russian Federation</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kunstler_v._Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Kunstler v. Central Intelligence Agency">Kunstler v. Central Intelligence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks-related_Twitter_court_orders" title="WikiLeaks-related Twitter court orders">Twitter court orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indictment_and_arrest_of_Julian_Assange" title="Indictment and arrest of Julian Assange">United States v. Assange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Manning" title="United States v. Manning">United States v. Manning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_charges_in_United_States_v._Manning" title="List of charges in United States v. Manning">list of charges</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymous (group)">Anonymous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypherpunk" title="Cypherpunk">Cypherpunks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HBGary" title="HBGary">HBGary</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Operation Payback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reception_of_WikiLeaks" title="Reception of WikiLeaks">Reception of WikiLeaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_(2016_film)" title="Risk (2016 film)">Risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Steal_Secrets:_The_Story_of_WikiLeaks" title="We Steal Secrets: The Story of WikiLeaks">We Steal Secrets: The Story of WikiLeaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks:_Inside_Julian_Assange%27s_War_on_Secrecy" title="WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy">WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks_Party" title="WikiLeaks Party">WikiLeaks Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Tomorrow" title="World Tomorrow">World Tomorrow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related websites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cryptome" title="Cryptome">Cryptome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets" title="Distributed Denial of Secrets">Distributed Denial of Secrets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_%26_Transparency_Foundation" title="Truth & Transparency Foundation">Truth & Transparency Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:WikiLeaks" title="Category:WikiLeaks">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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