CINXE.COM

Help:Contents - Wikibooks, open books for an open world

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Help:Contents - Wikibooks, open books for an open world</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikibooksmwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"572ce4fa-8bda-40e3-8f54-4da8539bd455","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Help","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":12,"wgPageName":"Help:Contents","wgTitle":"Contents","wgCurRevisionId":4371279,"wgRevisionId":4371279,"wgArticleId":308,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Semi-protected project pages","Help"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Help:Contents","wgRelevantArticleId":308,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikibooks","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"value":{"levels":3}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick": true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgDiscussionToolsFeaturesEnabled":{"replytool":true,"newtopictool":true,"sourcemodetoolbar":true,"topicsubscription":false,"autotopicsub":false,"visualenhancements":false,"visualenhancements_reply":false,"visualenhancements_pageframe":false},"wgDiscussionToolsFallbackEditMode":"visual","wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q914807","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.24"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles": "ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.inputBox.styles":"ready","ext.discussionTools.init.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.wikidialog","ext.gadget.commons-file","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.discussionTools.init","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=ext.discussionTools.init.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.inputBox.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.indicators%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Help:Contents - Wikibooks, open books for an open world"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Help:Contents"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikibooks.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikibooks (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikibooks.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Help:Contents"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikibooks Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="ext-discussiontools-replytool-enabled ext-discussiontools-newtopictool-enabled ext-discussiontools-sourcemodetoolbar-enabled skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-12 ns-subject page-Help_Contents rootpage-Help_Contents skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main Page</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Find help on how to use and edit Wikibooks"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-Browse" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Card_Catalog_Office" title="Check out what Wikibooks has to offer"><span>Browse</span></a></li><li id="n-Cookbook" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Table_of_Contents" title="Learn recipes from around the world"><span>Cookbook</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikijunior" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikijunior" title="Books for children"><span>Wikijunior</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured-books" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Featured_books" title="The best of Wikibooks"><span>Featured books</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-randomrootpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/Book:Wikibooks_Stacks/Books"><span>Random book</span></a></li><li id="n-Using-Wikibooks" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Using_Wikibooks"><span>Using Wikibooks</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-community" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-community" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Community </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Reading-room-forum" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room"><span>Reading room forum</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Community_Portal" title="Find your way around the Wikibooks community"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Bulletin_Board" title="Important community news"><span>Bulletin Board</span></a></li><li id="n-maintenance" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Maintenance" title="Frequent tasks that you can help with"><span>Help out!</span></a></li><li id="n-Policies-and-guidelines" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Pages detailing important rules and procedures"><span>Policies and guidelines</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Contact_us" title="Alternative methods of communication"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikibooks.svg" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikibooks" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikibooks-wordmark-vi.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.9375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Textbook Project" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikibooks-tagline-en.svg" width="120" height="10" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.625em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikibooks [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikibooks" aria-label="Search Wikibooks" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikibooks [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikibooks.org&amp;uselang=en" class=""><span>Donations</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Help%3AContents" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Help%3AContents" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikibooks.org&amp;uselang=en"><span>Donations</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Help%3AContents" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Help%3AContents" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion for this IP address</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Edismiss\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"width: fit-content; padding: 5px; border: 3px solid gray; background-color: #fafafa; text-align: center; margin: auto;\"\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/File:OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg/60px-OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg/80px-OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"20\" data-file-height=\"20\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E The Wikibooks community is developing a policy on the use of generative AI. Please review the \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikibooks:Artificial_Intelligence\" title=\"Wikibooks:Artificial Intelligence\"\u003Edraft policy\u003C/a\u003E and provide feedback on \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikibooks_talk:Artificial_Intelligence\" title=\"Wikibooks talk:Artificial Intelligence\"\u003Eits talk page\u003C/a\u003E.\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Help</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Contents</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="مساعدة:محتويات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مساعدة:محتويات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikibooks.org/wiki/K%C3%B6m%C9%99k:M%C3%BCnd%C9%99ricat" title="Kömək:Mündəricat – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kömək:Mündəricat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%AF%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%83" title="Даведка:Як ствараць новую кнігу – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Даведка:Як ствараць новую кнігу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF:%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="সাহায্য:সূচীপত্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাহায্য:সূচীপত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikibooks.org/wiki/Viquillibres:Ajuda" title="Viquillibres:Ajuda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Viquillibres:Ajuda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikibooks.org/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Obsah" title="Nápověda:Obsah – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nápověda:Obsah" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Hj%C3%A6lp" title="Wikibooks:Hjælp – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wikibooks:Hjælp" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Hilfe" title="Wikibooks:Hilfe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wikibooks:Hilfe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikibooks.org/wiki/Helpo:Enhavo" title="Helpo:Enhavo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Helpo:Enhavo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikilibros:Ayuda" title="Wikilibros:Ayuda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wikilibros:Ayuda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikibooks.org/wiki/Juhend:Sisukord" title="Juhend:Sisukord – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Juhend:Sisukord" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="راهنما:فهرست – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راهنما:فهرست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ohje:Sis%C3%A4llys" title="Ohje:Sisällys – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ohje:Sisällys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aide:Accueil" title="Aide:Accueil – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aide:Accueil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8:%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94" title="ויקיספר:עזרה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויקיספר:עזרה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE" title="सहायता:अनुक्रम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सहायता:अनुक्रम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:Sadr%C5%BEaj" title="Pomoć:Sadržaj – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pomoć:Sadržaj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikibooks.org/wiki/Seg%C3%ADts%C3%A9g:Tartalom" title="Segítség:Tartalom – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Segítség:Tartalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Օգնություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օգնություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Bantuan:Isi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bantuan:Isi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aiuto:Aiuto" title="Aiuto:Aiuto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aiuto:Aiuto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%AB%E3%83%97:%E7%9B%AE%E6%AC%A1" title="ヘルプ:目次 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘルプ:目次" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikibooks.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EC%B1%85:%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90" title="위키책:도움말 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키책:도움말" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagalba:Turinys" title="Pagalba:Turinys – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pagalba:Turinys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD:%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B6" title="Викиномын:Тусламж – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Викиномын:Тусламж" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikibooks.org/wiki/Bantuan:Kandungan" title="Bantuan:Kandungan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bantuan:Kandungan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Help" title="Wikibooks:Help – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wikibooks:Help" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikib%C3%B8ker:Hjelp" title="Wikibøker:Hjelp – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" data-title="Wikibøker:Hjelp" data-language-autonym="Norsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pomoc" title="Pomoc – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pomoc" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ajuda:Conte%C3%BAdos" title="Ajuda:Conteúdos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ajuda:Conteúdos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Викиучебник:Справка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Викиучебник:Справка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pomoc:Obsah" title="Pomoc:Obsah – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pomoc:Obsah" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D" title="วิธีใช้:สารบัญ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิธีใช้:สารบัญ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Tulong:Nilalaman" title="Tulong:Nilalaman – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tulong:Nilalaman" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:%C4%B0%C3%A7indekiler" title="Yardım:İçindekiler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yardım:İçindekiler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%BC:%D0%AD%D1%87%D1%82%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Ярдәм:Эчтәлек – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ярдәм:Эчтәлек" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikibooks.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:M%E1%BB%A5c_l%E1%BB%A5c" title="Trợ giúp:Mục lục – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trợ giúp:Mục lục" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="Help:目录 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Help:目录" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q914807#sitelinks-wikibooks" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-help" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="View the help page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Help page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Contents" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Contents&amp;action=edit" title="This page is protected.&#10;You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Contents&amp;action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Contents&amp;action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Contents&amp;action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Help:Contents" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Help:Contents" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=en" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Contents&amp;oldid=4371279" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Contents&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FHelp%3AContents"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FHelp%3AContents"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-sister_projects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-sister_projects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sister projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikiversity" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Main_Page"><span>Wikiversity</span></a></li><li id="n-Wiktionary" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Main_Page"><span>Wiktionary</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikiquote" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikisource" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikinews" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikivoyage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="n-Commons" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikidata" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page"><span>Wikidata</span></a></li><li id="n-MediaWiki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>MediaWiki</span></a></li><li id="n-Meta-Wiki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Meta-Wiki</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Help%3AContents"><span>Create a collection</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Help%3AContents&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Contents&amp;printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-mediawiki mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Contents" hreflang="en"><span>MediaWiki</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-meta mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents" hreflang="en"><span>Meta-Wiki</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-sources mw-list-item"><a href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:Help" hreflang="en"><span>Multilingual Wikisource</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikidata mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:Contents" hreflang="en"><span>Wikidata</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Help:Contents" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Help:Contents" hreflang="en"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikipedia mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents" hreflang="en"><span>Wikipedia</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Help:Contents" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Help:Contents" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiversity mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Help:Contents" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiversity</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Wikivoyage:Help" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wiktionary mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Help:Contents" hreflang="en"><span>Wiktionary</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q914807" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-protected-icon" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Protection_policy#semi" title="This page is semi-protected."><img alt="This page is semi-protected." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Padlock-silver.svg/22px-Padlock-silver.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Padlock-silver.svg/33px-Padlock-silver.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Padlock-silver.svg/44px-Padlock-silver.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikibooks, open books for an open world</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap;"> <div style="flex: 1 0 100%; position: relative; clear:left; float: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 0 1em 0; width: 100%; padding-left: 60px; text-align: center;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="Wikibooks_help" data-mw-thread-id="h-Wikibooks_help"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Wikibooks_help"></span><span class="mw-valign-text-bottom" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Nuvola_wikibooks_icon.png/32px-Nuvola_wikibooks_icon.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Nuvola_wikibooks_icon.png/48px-Nuvola_wikibooks_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Nuvola_wikibooks_icon.png/64px-Nuvola_wikibooks_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000"/></span></span> <b>Wikibooks help</b><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Wikibooks_help"></span></h1></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Welcome" title="Wikibooks:Welcome"><b>Welcome to Wikibooks!</b></a> This page is your first step in getting <b>help to use Wikibooks</b>, whether you want to read books or contribute in some way. </p><p>See also <b><a href="/wiki/Shelf:Help" title="Shelf:Help">Shelf:Help</a></b> for books on Wikibooks and other MediaWiki help. </p> </div> <div style="flex: 1 0 50%; min-width: 30em; position: relative; clear: left; float: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 0; width: 50%; padding-left: 60px;"> <div class="nomobile" style="position: absolute; top: 0.75em; left: 9px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/HelpPage_IconPack-05.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="51" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="51"/></span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Wikibooks_overview" data-mw-thread-id="h-Wikibooks_overview-Wikibooks_help"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Wikibooks_overview-Wikibooks_help"></span>Wikibooks <b>overview</b><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Wikibooks_overview-Wikibooks_help"></span></h2><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Wikibooks_overview-Wikibooks_help","replies":[],"uneditableSection":true}}--></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Welcome" title="Wikibooks:Welcome"><b>Welcome</b></a> gives a general Wikibooks overview. <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:What_is_Wikibooks" title="Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks"><b>What is Wikibooks?</b></a> explains the scope of content, but essentially Wikibooks is a collection of <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_content" class="extiw" title="w:Free content">free content</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textbook" class="extiw" title="w:Textbook">textbooks</a></b> hosted by the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" class="extiw" title="m:Wikimedia Foundation"><b>Wikimedia Foundation</b></a>. <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:What_is_Wikijunior" title="Wikibooks:What is Wikijunior"><b>What is Wikijunior?</b></a> is an overview of the <b><a href="/wiki/Wikijunior" title="Wikijunior">Wikijunior</a></b> subproject, of non-fiction books for children; for the <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Table_of_Contents" title="Cookbook:Table of Contents"><b>Cookbook</b></a> subproject see <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:FAQ" title="Cookbook:FAQ"><b>Cookbook FAQ</b></a>. Make sure to check out the <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:General_disclaimer" title="Wikibooks:General disclaimer"><b>general disclaimer</b></a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ" title="Help:FAQ"><b>FAQ</b></a> (Frequently Asked Questions) may help with queries about Wikibooks. The <a href="/wiki/Help:Glossary" title="Help:Glossary"><b>glossary</b></a> should be consulted for Wikibooks terminology. The book <i><b><a href="/wiki/Using_Wikibooks" title="Using Wikibooks">Using Wikibooks</a></b></i> is a general guide to using Wikibooks. For an index of all project pages, see the <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikibooks" title="Category:Wikibooks"><b>Wikibooks category</b></a>. </p><p>If you are familiar with other <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Complete_list_of_Wikimedia_projects" class="extiw" title="m:Complete list of Wikimedia projects"><b>Wikimedia projects</b></a> such as Wikipedia, <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Wikibooks_for_Wikimedians" title="Wikibooks:Wikibooks for Wikimedians"><b>Wikibooks for Wikimedians</b></a> is a helpful page; the experience will be similar as all projects use the same <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediawiki" class="extiw" title="w:Mediawiki"><b>Mediawiki software</b></a>. See <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Wikimedia" title="Wikibooks:Wikimedia"><b>Wikimedia</b></a> for the differences between the various Wikimedia projects. This project is in the English language, but see the <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikibooks.org"><b>Wikibooks portal</b></a></span> for Wikibooks projects in other languages. </p> </div> <div style="flex: 1 0 50%; min-width: 30em; position: relative; float: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 0; width: 50%; padding-left: 60px;"> <div class="nomobile" style="position: absolute; top: 0.75em; left: 9px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/HelpPage_IconPack-03.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="51" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="51"/></span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Readers'_help" data-mw-thread-id="h-Readers&#039;_help-Wikibooks_help"><span id="Readers.27_help"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Readers'_help-Wikibooks_help"></span><b>Readers'</b> help<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Readers'_help-Wikibooks_help"></span></h2><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Readers'_help-Wikibooks_help","replies":[],"uneditableSection":true}}--></div> <p>For general help, see <a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ/Readers" title="Help:FAQ/Readers"><b>readers' FAQ</b></a>, and <a href="/wiki/Help:Navigating" title="Help:Navigating"><b>navigating</b></a> to learn how to navigate Wikibooks. You can <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" title="Special:Search"><b>search for books</b></a> using the box below, or the box in the top right corner of every page; click on <span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Special:Search" title="Special:Search"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Search_Icon.svg/20px-Search_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Search_Icon.svg/30px-Search_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Search_Icon.svg/40px-Search_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"/></a></span> to enter a <b>search dialog</b>. </p><p>Content is first divided into <b><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:DEP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikibooks:DEP">departments</a></b>, which are broad subject areas that are further subdivided into <b><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:SHELF" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikibooks:SHELF">shelves</a></b>. Shelves are narrow subject areas containing <b><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:BOOK" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikibooks:BOOK">books</a></b>; click on a shelf to list its books. Shelves may contain <b>subsection</b> shelves. Books usually consist of multiple <b>chapters</b> on <a href="/wiki/Help:Pages" title="Help:Pages"><b>pages</b></a> that can be edited. </p><p>A full breakdown of departments into top-level shelves can be found at the <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Card_Catalog_Office" title="Wikibooks:Card Catalog Office"><b>Card Catalog Office</b></a>. The books believed to be the best can also be found at <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Featured_books" title="Wikibooks:Featured books"><b>featured books</b></a>. The <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Table_of_Contents" title="Cookbook:Table of Contents"><b>Cookbook</b></a> subproject is sorted separately. </p><p>For printing books and offline use, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Print_versions" title="Help:Print versions"><b>print versions</b></a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:PDF_versions" title="Wikibooks:PDF versions"><b>PDF versions</b></a>, and <a href="/wiki/Help:Collections" title="Help:Collections"><b>collections</b></a>. For <b>mobile access</b>, press the <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Help:Contents"><b>mobile view</b></a></span> link at the very bottom of every <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Help:Contents"><b>desktop view</b></a></span> page. </p> </div> <div style="flex: 1 0 50%; min-width: 30em; position: relative; clear: left; float: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 0; width: 50%; padding-left: 60px;"> <div class="nomobile" style="position: absolute; top: 0.75em; left: 9px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/HelpPage_IconPack-01.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="51" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="51"/></span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Editing_Wikibooks" data-mw-thread-id="h-Editing_Wikibooks-Wikibooks_help"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Editing_Wikibooks-Wikibooks_help"></span><b>Editing</b> Wikibooks<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Editing_Wikibooks-Wikibooks_help"></span></h2><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Editing_Wikibooks-Wikibooks_help","replies":[],"uneditableSection":true}}--></div> <p>If you want to contribute, <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Be_bold" title="Wikibooks:Be bold"><b>be bold and go for it</b></a> using the "Edit" link at the top of a page. Make sure to include an edit summary, and please edit constructively—if you want to practise editing, try the <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Sandbox" title="Wikibooks:Sandbox"><b>sandbox</b></a>. For substantial editing, it is recommended that you create and manage an <a href="/wiki/Help:Account_management" title="Help:Account management"><b>account</b></a>. If you are wondering how to help out, <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Maintenance" title="Wikibooks:Maintenance"><b>maintenance</b></a> has many suggestions. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Help:Contributing" title="Help:Contributing"><b>Contributing help</b></a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ/Contributing" title="Help:FAQ/Contributing"><b>contributing FAQ</b></a>, and <a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ/Editing" title="Help:FAQ/Editing"><b>editing FAQ</b></a> contain basic information on contributing. Before doing so, please be aware of the policies on <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Copyrights" title="Wikibooks:Copyrights"><b>copyrights</b></a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Media" title="Wikibooks:Media"><b>media</b></a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikibooks:Neutral point of view"><b>neutral point of view</b></a>. </p><p>The books <i><b><a href="/wiki/Using_Wikibooks" title="Using Wikibooks">Using Wikibooks</a></b></i> and <i><b><a href="/wiki/Editing_Wikitext" title="Editing Wikitext">Editing Wikitext</a></b></i> are highly recommended for contributors. Other help pages for editing include the following: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing"><b>Editing</b></a>: the basics of Wikitext editing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pages" title="Help:Pages"><b>Pages</b></a>: creating, archiving, moving, merging, and deleting pages, as well as namespaces and page discussions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Importing" title="Help:Importing"><b>Importing</b></a>: how to copy works from one wiki to another</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Local_manuals_of_style" title="Help:Local manuals of style"><b>Styling</b></a>: how to style books</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Categories" title="Help:Categories"><b>Categories</b></a>: the use of categories for sorting pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files"><b>Files</b></a>: using <b>media files</b>, such as images, audio, or video</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Tables" title="Help:Tables"><b>Tables</b></a>: how to construct a table</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Templates" title="Help:Templates"><b>Templates</b></a>: the use of templates in pages, which are listed at the <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates" title="Wikibooks:Templates"><b>index</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Variables" title="Help:Variables"><b>Variables</b></a>: the advanced use of system variables</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Formulas" title="Help:Formulas"><b>Formulas</b></a>: how to include mathematical formulae</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Quizzes" title="Help:Quizzes"><b>Quizzes</b></a>: how to include book quizzes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Tracking_changes" title="Help:Tracking changes"><b>Tracking changes</b></a>: information on monitoring changes to pages</li></ul> <p>For additional help pages, see the <a href="/wiki/Category:Help" title="Category:Help"><b>help category</b></a>. </p> </div> <div style="flex: 1 0 50%; min-width: 30em; position: relative; float: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 0; width: 50%; padding-left: 60px;"> <div class="nomobile" style="position: absolute; top: 0.75em; left: 9px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/HelpPage_IconPack-02.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="51" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="51"/></span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Policies_and_guidelines" data-mw-thread-id="h-Policies_and_guidelines-Wikibooks_help"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Policies_and_guidelines-Wikibooks_help"></span><b>Policies</b> and <b>guidelines</b><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Policies_and_guidelines-Wikibooks_help"></span></h2><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Policies_and_guidelines-Wikibooks_help","replies":[],"uneditableSection":true}}--></div> <p>Wikibooks is governed by a series of rules, called <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines"><b>policies and guidelines</b></a> which apply to all contributors. They include the following: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:What_is_Wikibooks" title="Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks"><b>What is Wikibooks?</b></a> What content is allowed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:What_is_Wikijunior" title="Wikibooks:What is Wikijunior"><b>What is Wikijunior?</b></a> The policy for Wikijunior books</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Copyrights" title="Wikibooks:Copyrights"><b>Copyrights</b></a>, the policy on copyright rights and obligations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Administrators" title="Wikibooks:Administrators"><b>Administration</b></a>, the policy on administrators</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Naming_policy" title="Wikibooks:Naming policy"><b>Naming</b></a>, the policy on naming of pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikibooks:Neutral point of view"><b>Neutral point of view</b></a>, all books must adhere to this</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Annotated_texts" title="Wikibooks:Annotated texts"><b>Annotated texts</b></a>, the policy on inclusion of these</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Good_books" title="Wikibooks:Good books"><b>Featured books</b></a>, the process for nominating featured books</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Be_civil" title="Wikibooks:Be civil"><b>Be civil</b></a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:No_personal_attacks" title="Wikibooks:No personal attacks"><b>no personal attacks</b></a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Profanity" title="Wikibooks:Profanity"><b>profanity</b></a> policies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Bots" title="Wikibooks:Bots"><b>Using bots</b></a>, the policy on using bots for editing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Protected_page" title="Wikibooks:Protected page"><b>Protecting pages</b></a>, the policy on protecting pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Deletion_policy" title="Wikibooks:Deletion policy"><b>Deletion</b></a>, the policy on page deletions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Media" title="Wikibooks:Media"><b>Media</b></a>, the policy on media file usage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Global_rights_policy" title="Wikibooks:Global rights policy"><b>Global rights policy</b></a>, the policy for <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_groups" class="extiw" title="m:Global groups"><b>global groups</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Strategy_guides" title="Wikibooks:Strategy guides"><b>Strategy guides</b></a>, the policy for video game strategy guides</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Be_bold" title="Wikibooks:Be bold"><b>Be bold</b></a> ...but please don't be reckless</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Decision_making" title="Wikibooks:Decision making"><b>Making decisions</b></a>, how to achieve community consensus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Please_do_not_bite_the_newcomers" title="Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers"><b>Please do not bite the newcomers</b></a>, please be kind</li></ul> <p>Pages in <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikibooks_draft_policies_and_guidelines" title="Category:Wikibooks draft policies and guidelines"><b>Wikibooks draft policies and guidelines category</b></a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Useful_Wikibooks_pages" title="Category:Useful Wikibooks pages"><b>useful Wikibooks pages category</b></a>, may also be helpful. </p> </div> <div style="flex: 1 0 50%; min-width: 30em; position: relative; clear: left; float: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 0; width: 50%; padding-left: 60px;"> <div class="nomobile" style="position: absolute; top: 0.75em; left: 9px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/HelpPage_IconPack-03.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="51" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="51"/></span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Starting_a_new_book" data-mw-thread-id="h-Starting_a_new_book-Wikibooks_help"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Starting_a_new_book-Wikibooks_help"></span>Starting a <b>new book</b><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Starting_a_new_book-Wikibooks_help"></span></h2><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Starting_a_new_book-Wikibooks_help","replies":[],"uneditableSection":true}}--></div> <p>If you are starting a <b>new book</b>, check it will be within <b>scope</b> and <b>policy</b>, as otherwise it could be <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Deletion_policy" title="Wikibooks:Deletion policy"><b>deleted</b></a>. To determine whether a book is within Wikibooks' scope for content, see <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:What_is_Wikibooks" title="Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks"><b>what is Wikibooks?</b></a> for the general policy, <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:What_is_Wikijunior" title="Wikibooks:What is Wikijunior"><b>what is Wikijunior?</b></a> for Wikijunior books, and <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:FAQ" title="Cookbook:FAQ"><b>Cookbook FAQ</b></a> for the Cookbook. If you are still unsure, ask at <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Projects" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/Projects"><b>projects reading room</b></a>. </p><p>Special consideration should be given to adhering to the <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Copyrights" title="Wikibooks:Copyrights"><b>copyrights</b></a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Media" title="Wikibooks:Media"><b>media</b></a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikibooks:Neutral point of view"><b>neutral point of view</b></a> policies, and new pages should adhere to the <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Naming_policy" title="Wikibooks:Naming policy"><b>naming</b></a> policy. </p><p>Also see the "Editing Wikibooks" section above, especially <a href="/wiki/Help:Contributing" title="Help:Contributing"><b>contributing help</b></a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ/Contributing" title="Help:FAQ/Contributing"><b>contributing FAQ</b></a>, and the book <i><b><a href="/wiki/Using_Wikibooks" title="Using Wikibooks">Using Wikibooks</a></b></i>. Also of interest is <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Wikibooks_as_an_aid_to_teaching" title="Wikibooks:Wikibooks as an aid to teaching"><b>Wikibooks as an aid to teaching</b></a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Requested_books" title="Wikibooks:Requested books"><b>requested books</b></a> for new book suggestions. </p><p>When starting a new book, consideration should be given as to whether it is better to expand or update an existing book, to avoid redundancy; check the relevant shelves for existing books on the subject. </p><p>Newly created books are automatically sorted by the <b><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks_Stacks" title="Wikibooks Stacks">Wikibooks Stacks</a></b> mechanism, provided the <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks_Stacks/Adding_books" title="Wikibooks Stacks/Adding books"><b>book is added</b></a> by completing the <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:CCO_Resources" title="Wikibooks:CCO Resources"><b>CCO Resources</b></a>. Newly created pages, and page edits, can be subject to <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:REVIEW" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikibooks:REVIEW"><b>pending changes review</b></a>. </p> </div> <div style="flex: 1 0 50%; min-width: 30em; position: relative; float: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 0; width: 50%; padding-left: 60px;"> <div class="nomobile" style="position: absolute; top: 0.75em; left: 9px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/HelpPage_IconPack-04.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="51" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="51"/></span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Queries_and_assistance" data-mw-thread-id="h-Queries_and_assistance-Wikibooks_help"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Queries_and_assistance-Wikibooks_help"></span><b>Queries</b> and <b>assistance</b><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Queries_and_assistance-Wikibooks_help"></span></h2><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Queries_and_assistance-Wikibooks_help","replies":[],"uneditableSection":true}}--></div> <p><b>Queries</b> are answered, and <b>assistance</b> is given, at the various <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room" title="Wikibooks:Reading room"><b>reading room</b></a> forums. But first check whether your query is answered in <a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ" title="Help:FAQ"><b>FAQ</b></a> (Frequently Asked Questions), such as <a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ/Problems" title="Help:FAQ/Problems"><b>problems FAQ</b></a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ/Administration" title="Help:FAQ/Administration"><b>administration FAQ</b></a>. Also see <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Contact_us" title="Wikibooks:Contact us"><b>contact us</b></a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/General" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/General"><b>General</b></a>, for general queries</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Proposals" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals"><b>Proposals</b></a>, for suggesting improvement proposals</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Projects" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/Projects"><b>Projects</b></a>, to discuss book and book-related projects</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Assistance" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance"><b>General assistance</b></a>, to get assistance on various problems</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Technical_Assistance" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/Technical Assistance"><b>Technical assistance</b></a>, if you encounter technical problems</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance"><b>Administrative assistance</b></a>, to request <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Administrators" title="Wikibooks:Administrators"><b>administrative tasks</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Bulletin_Board" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/Bulletin Board"><b>Bulletin board</b></a>, to share important news and announcements</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Featured_books/Nominations" title="Wikibooks:Featured books/Nominations"><b>Featured books nominations</b></a>, to nominate featured books</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_deletion" title="Wikibooks:Requests for deletion"><b>Deletion and undeletion requests</b></a>, to request book deletion or undeletion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_import" title="Wikibooks:Requests for import"><b>Import and upload requests</b></a>, to request import from other Wikimedia projects, and request uploads of fair use media</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_permissions" title="Wikibooks:Requests for permissions"><b>Permissions requests</b></a>, to request <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:User_rights" title="Wikibooks:User rights"><b>user rights</b></a></li></ul> </div> <div style="flex: 1 0 100%; position: relative; clear: left; float: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 0; width: 100%; padding-left: 60px;"> <div class="nomobile" style="position: absolute; top: 0.75em; left: 9px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Special:Search" title="Special:Search"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/HelpPage_IconPack-06.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="51" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="51"/></a></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Search_Wikibooks" data-mw-thread-id="h-Search_Wikibooks-Wikibooks_help"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Search_Wikibooks-Wikibooks_help"></span><b>Search</b> Wikibooks<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Search_Wikibooks-Wikibooks_help"></span></h2><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Search_Wikibooks-Wikibooks_help","replies":[],"uneditableSection":true}}--></div> <p>To search for <b>help and project pages</b>, use this box: </p> <div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style="background-color: #ffffff; color: inherit;"><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Special:Search"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="Search help and project pages" size="40" dir="ltr"/></div> <span class="cdx-checkbox cdx-checkbox--inline"><input type="checkbox" name="ns12" value="1" id="mw-inputbox-ns12-0.182458595677" class="cdx-checkbox__input" checked=""/><span class="cdx-checkbox__icon"></span><label class="cdx-checkbox__label" for="mw-inputbox-ns12-0.182458595677">Help</label></span> <span class="cdx-checkbox cdx-checkbox--inline"><input type="checkbox" name="ns4" value="1" id="mw-inputbox-ns4-0.182458595677" class="cdx-checkbox__input" checked=""/><span class="cdx-checkbox__icon"></span><label class="cdx-checkbox__label" for="mw-inputbox-ns4-0.182458595677">Wikibooks</label></span> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search" class="cdx-button"/><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"/></form></div> <p>To search for <b>books</b>, use this box: </p> <div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style="background-color: #ffffff; color: inherit;"><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Special:Search"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="Search books" size="40" dir="ltr"/></div> <span class="cdx-checkbox cdx-checkbox--inline"><input type="checkbox" name="ns0" value="1" id="mw-inputbox-ns0-0.431158419799" class="cdx-checkbox__input" checked=""/><span class="cdx-checkbox__icon"></span><label class="cdx-checkbox__label" for="mw-inputbox-ns0-0.431158419799">Main</label></span> <span class="cdx-checkbox cdx-checkbox--inline"><input type="checkbox" name="ns110" value="1" id="mw-inputbox-ns110-0.431158419799" class="cdx-checkbox__input" checked=""/><span class="cdx-checkbox__icon"></span><label class="cdx-checkbox__label" for="mw-inputbox-ns110-0.431158419799">Wikijunior</label></span> <span class="cdx-checkbox cdx-checkbox--inline"><input type="checkbox" name="ns102" value="1" id="mw-inputbox-ns102-0.431158419799" class="cdx-checkbox__input" checked=""/><span class="cdx-checkbox__icon"></span><label class="cdx-checkbox__label" for="mw-inputbox-ns102-0.431158419799">Cookbook</label></span> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search" class="cdx-button"/><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"/></form></div> <p><br/> You can <b>browse for books</b> by shelves, categories, alphabetical listings, completion status, or reading level: </p> <div style="font-variant:small-caps; text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:CCO" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikibooks:CCO">Browse</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks_Stacks/Departments" title="Wikibooks Stacks/Departments">Shelves</a> | <a href="/wiki/Category:CATS" class="mw-redirect" title="Category:CATS">Categories</a> | <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:ABC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikibooks:ABC">Alphabetical Listing</a> | <a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_completion_status" title="Category:Books by completion status">By Completion Status</a> | <a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_reading_level" title="Category:Books by reading level">By Reading Level</a></div> <p><br/> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4271531">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4274675">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikibooks_policies_and_guidelines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible collapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4271531"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4271518">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikibooks_policies_and_guidelines" title="Template:Wikibooks policies and guidelines"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikibooks_policies_and_guidelines" title="Template talk:Wikibooks policies and guidelines"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikibooks_policies_and_guidelines&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikibooks_policies_and_guidelines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines">Wikibooks policies and guidelines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Project-wide principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:What_is_Wikibooks" title="Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks">What is Wikibooks?</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:What_is_Wikijunior" title="Wikibooks:What is Wikijunior">What is Wikijunior?</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Decision_making" title="Wikibooks:Decision making">Making decisions</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Copyrights" title="Wikibooks:Copyrights">Copyrights</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Administrators" title="Wikibooks:Administrators">Administration</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Global_rights_policy" title="Wikibooks:Global rights policy">Global rights policy</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Book standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Naming_policy" title="Wikibooks:Naming policy">Naming</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikibooks:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Annotated_texts" title="Wikibooks:Annotated texts">Annotated texts</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Good_books" title="Wikibooks:Good books">Featured books</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Behavioral policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Be_civil" title="Wikibooks:Be civil">Be civil</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:No_personal_attacks" title="Wikibooks:No personal attacks">No personal attacks</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Bots" title="Wikibooks:Bots">Using bots</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Protected_page" title="Wikibooks:Protected page">Protecting pages</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Blocking_policy" title="Wikibooks:Blocking policy">Blocking users</a>*</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Behavioral guidelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Please_do_not_bite_the_newcomers" title="Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers">Please do not bite the newcomers</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Assume_good_faith" title="Wikibooks:Assume good faith">Assume good faith</a>* <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Etiquette" title="Wikibooks:Etiquette">Etiquette</a>* <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Sockpuppets" title="Wikibooks:Sockpuppets">Sockpuppets</a>*</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Content guidelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Deletion_policy" title="Wikibooks:Deletion policy">Deletion</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Media" title="Wikibooks:Media">Media</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Profanity" title="Wikibooks:Profanity">Profanity</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Strategy_guides" title="Wikibooks:Strategy guides">Strategy guides</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:User_pages" title="Wikibooks:User pages">User pages</a>* <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Ownership" title="Wikibooks:Ownership">Ownership</a>*</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Editing guidelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Be_bold" title="Wikibooks:Be bold">Be bold</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Editing_guideline" title="Wikibooks:Editing guideline">Contributing</a>* <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikibooks:Manual of Style">Style manual</a>*</span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>*<i>Pending approval. Discuss on talk pages or in <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:PROPOSALS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikibooks:PROPOSALS">proposals reading room</a>.</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4271531"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4274675"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikibooks_editor_navigation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4271531"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4271518"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikibooks_editor_navigation" title="Template:Wikibooks editor navigation"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikibooks_editor_navigation" title="Template talk:Wikibooks editor navigation"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikibooks_editor_navigation&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikibooks_editor_navigation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wikibooks editor navigation</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Card_Catalog_Office" title="Wikibooks:Card Catalog Office">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks_Stacks" title="Wikibooks Stacks">Stacks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikibooks_Stacks/Departments" title="Wikibooks Stacks/Departments">Departments</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks_Stacks/Adding_books" title="Wikibooks Stacks/Adding books">Adding books</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Alphabetical_classification" title="Wikibooks:Alphabetical classification">Alphabetical classification</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Featured_books" title="Wikibooks:Featured books">Featured books</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Good_books" title="Wikibooks:Good books">Criteria</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Cookbook:Table_of_Contents" title="Cookbook:Table of Contents">Cookbook</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Cookbook/Help_pages&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Cookbook/Help pages (does not exist)">Help pages</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Cookbook/Special_pages&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Cookbook/Special pages (does not exist)">Special pages</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikijunior" title="Wikijunior">Wikijunior</a> (<a href="/wiki/Department:Wikijunior" title="Department:Wikijunior">Department</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Department:Computing" title="Department:Computing">Computing</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Department:Engineering" title="Department:Engineering">Engineering</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Department:Humanities" title="Department:Humanities">Humanities</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Department:Languages" title="Department:Languages">Languages</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Department:Mathematics" title="Department:Mathematics">Mathematics</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Department:Science" title="Department:Science">Science</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Department:Social_sciences" title="Department:Social sciences">Social sciences</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Department:Standard_curricula" title="Department:Standard curricula">Standard curricula</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Shelf:Help" title="Shelf:Help">Wikibooks and MediaWiki help</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:PDF_versions" title="Wikibooks:PDF versions">PDF versions</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Requested_books" title="Wikibooks:Requested books">Requested books</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ" title="Help:FAQ">FAQs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ/Overview" title="Help:FAQ/Overview">Wikibooks overview</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ/Readers" title="Help:FAQ/Readers">Readers</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ/Contributing" title="Help:FAQ/Contributing">Contributing</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ/Editing" title="Help:FAQ/Editing">Editing</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ/Administration" title="Help:FAQ/Administration">Administration</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:FAQ/Problems" title="Help:FAQ/Problems">Problems</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Help</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:Glossary" title="Help:Glossary">Glossary</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Navigating" title="Help:Navigating">Navigating</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pages" title="Help:Pages">Pages (Creating, Namespaces, Discussing, Archiving, Moving, Merging, Deleting)</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Tracking_changes" title="Help:Tracking changes">Tracking changes</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Account_management" title="Help:Account management">Account management</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Contributing" title="Help:Contributing">Contributing (Why and why not contribute? Starting a book)</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Categories" title="Help:Categories">Categories</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Tables" title="Help:Tables">Tables</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Variables" title="Help:Variables">Variables</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Formulas" title="Help:Formulas">Formulas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Quizzes" title="Help:Quizzes">Quizzes</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Local_manuals_of_style" title="Help:Local manuals of style">Local manuals of style</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikijunior:Style_guide" title="Wikijunior:Style guide">Wikijunior</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Collections" title="Help:Collections">Collections</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Importing" title="Help:Importing">Importing</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Editnotices" title="Help:Editnotices">Editnotices</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Database_download" title="Help:Database download">Database download</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="Help:Development stages">Development stages</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Dialog" title="Help:Dialog">Dialog</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Assistant" title="Wikibooks:Assistant">Assistant</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Export" title="Help:Export">Export</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Print_versions" title="Help:Print versions">Print versions</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> Help books (<a href="/wiki/Using_Wikibooks" title="Using Wikibooks">Using Wikibooks</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Editing_Wikitext" title="Editing Wikitext">Editing Wikitext</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</a>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Templates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:Templates" title="Help:Templates">Template help</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates" title="Wikibooks:Templates">Template index</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Book_information" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Book information">Book information</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/General" title="Wikibooks:Templates/General">General</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Sources" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Sources">Sources</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Links" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Links">Links</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Navigation" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Navigation">Navigation</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Files" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Files">Files</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Media" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Media">Media</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Maintenance" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Maintenance">Maintenance</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Licensing_issues_notices" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Licensing issues notices">Licensing issues notices</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Deletion" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Deletion">Deletion</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Stubs" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Stubs">Stubs</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/User_messages" title="Wikibooks:Templates/User messages">User messages</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/User_notices" title="Wikibooks:Templates/User notices">User notices</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/User_pages" title="Wikibooks:Templates/User pages">User pages</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Discussion" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Discussion">Discussion</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Featured_books" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Featured books">Featured books</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates/Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikibooks:Templates/Policies and guidelines">Policies and guidelines</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Templates" title="Category:Templates">Template categories</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Editing_Wikitext/Making_Templates_A101" title="Editing Wikitext/Making Templates A101">Making Templates A101</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Editing_Wikitext/Templates_Ready_to_Use" title="Editing Wikitext/Templates Ready to Use">Templates Ready to Use</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room" title="Wikibooks:Reading room">Reading room</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/General" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/General">General</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Proposals" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals">Proposals</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Projects" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/Projects">Projects</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Featured_books/Nominations" title="Wikibooks:Featured books/Nominations">Featured books</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Assistance" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance">General</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Technical_Assistance" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/Technical Assistance">Technical</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance">Administrative</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_deletion#Deletion" title="Wikibooks:Requests for deletion">Deletion</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_deletion#Undeletion" title="Wikibooks:Requests for deletion">Undeletion</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_import" title="Wikibooks:Requests for import">Import</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_permissions" title="Wikibooks:Requests for permissions">Permissions</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Bulletin_Board" title="Wikibooks:Reading room/Bulletin Board">Bulletin Board</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Useful_Wikibooks_pages" title="Category:Useful Wikibooks pages">Useful pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Accuracy_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikibooks:Accuracy dispute">Accuracy dispute</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Authorship" title="Wikibooks:Authorship">Authorship</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Autoblock" title="Wikibooks:Autoblock">Autoblock</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Book_donations" title="Wikibooks:Book donations">Book donations</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Categories" title="Wikibooks:Categories">Categories</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Dealing_with_vandalism" title="Wikibooks:Dealing with vandalism">Dealing with vandalism</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Dewikify" title="Wikibooks:Dewikify">Dewikify</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:How_to_obtain_public_domain_books" title="Wikibooks:How to obtain public domain books">How to obtain public domain books</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Language_Learning_Difficulty_for_English_Speakers" title="Wikibooks:Language Learning Difficulty for English Speakers">Language Learning Difficulty</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Licensing_guidelines" title="Wikibooks:Licensing guidelines">Licensing guidelines</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:NPOV_dispute" title="Wikibooks:NPOV dispute">NPOV dispute</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_Levels" title="Wikibooks:Reading Levels">Reading Levels</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Render_as_PNG" title="Wikibooks:Render as PNG">Render as PNG</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Subject_pages" title="Wikibooks:Subject pages">Subject pages</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Textbook_standards" title="Wikibooks:Textbook standards">Textbook standards</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:User_rights" title="Wikibooks:User rights">User rights</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Wikibooks_for_course_instructors" title="Wikibooks:Wikibooks for course instructors">Wikibooks for course instructors</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Wikibooks_for_Wikimedians" title="Wikibooks:Wikibooks for Wikimedians">Wikibooks for Wikimedians</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Wikimedia" title="Wikibooks:Wikimedia">Wikimedia</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikibooks" title="Category:Wikibooks">Other<br/>project pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Welcome" title="Wikibooks:Welcome">Welcome</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Sandbox" title="Wikibooks:Sandbox">Sandbox</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Contact_us" title="Wikibooks:Contact us">Contact us</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikibooks_disclaimers" title="Category:Wikibooks disclaimers">Disclaimers category</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:CCO_Resources" title="Wikibooks:CCO Resources">CCO Resources</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Shortcuts" title="Wikibooks:Shortcuts">Shortcuts</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Community_Portal" title="Wikibooks:Community Portal">Community Portal</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Maintenance" title="Wikibooks:Maintenance">Maintenance</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:WikiProject" title="Wikibooks:WikiProject">WikiProject</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Essays" title="Wikibooks:Essays">Wikibooks essays</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Wikibooks_essays" title="Category:Wikibooks essays">Essays category</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Book_sources" title="Wikibooks:Book sources">Book sources</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Wikibooks_as_an_aid_to_teaching" title="Wikibooks:Wikibooks as an aid to teaching">Wikibooks for teaching</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Guidelines_for_class_projects" title="Wikibooks:Guidelines for class projects">Guidelines for class projects</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:List_of_class_projects" title="Wikibooks:List of class projects">List of class projects</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:WikiNode" title="Wikibooks:WikiNode">WikiNode</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Edit_filter" title="Wikibooks:Edit filter">Edit filter</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" title="Wikibooks:Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License">CC-BY-SA License</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikibooks:GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL License</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines">Policies and guidelines</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Wikibooks_policies_and_guidelines" title="Category:Wikibooks policies and guidelines">Category</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> </div> <p><br/> </p> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐59856bd7d8‐pjwrz Cached time: 20241119182111 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [no‐toc] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.033 seconds CPU time usage: 0.216 seconds Real time usage: 0.265 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1067/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 73011/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 528/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 18070/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.066/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 913061/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 137.774 1 -total 78.23% 107.786 1 Template:Wikibooks_policies_and_guidelines 75.57% 104.111 2 Template:Navbox 13.13% 18.088 2 Template:Pp-protected 11.66% 16.059 2 Template:Pp-meta 10.86% 14.963 1 Template:Wikibooks_editor_navigation 3.83% 5.284 133 Template:·w 3.24% 4.470 3 Template:Plain_link 2.20% 3.034 2 Template:Pagetype 1.68% 2.317 1 Template:Browsebar --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwikibooks:pcache:308:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241119182111 and revision id 4371279. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&amp;useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Contents&amp;oldid=4371279">https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Contents&amp;oldid=4371279</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Help" title="Category:Help">Help</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Semi-protected_project_pages" title="Category:Semi-protected project pages">Semi-protected project pages</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 February 2024, at 00:28.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy Policy.</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Welcome">About Wikibooks</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikibooks.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Contents&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6d64f599dc-j62sv","wgBackendResponseTime":114,"wgDiscussionToolsPageThreads":[{"headingLevel":1,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Wikibooks_help","replies":[{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Wikibooks_overview-Wikibooks_help","replies":[],"uneditableSection":true},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Readers'_help-Wikibooks_help","replies":[],"uneditableSection":true},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Editing_Wikibooks-Wikibooks_help","replies":[],"uneditableSection":true},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Policies_and_guidelines-Wikibooks_help","replies":[],"uneditableSection":true},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Starting_a_new_book-Wikibooks_help","replies":[],"uneditableSection":true},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Queries_and_assistance-Wikibooks_help","replies":[],"uneditableSection":true},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Search_Wikibooks-Wikibooks_help","replies":[],"uneditableSection":true}]}],"wgPageParseReport":{"discussiontools":{"limitreport-timeusage":"0.033"},"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.216","walltime":"0.265","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1067,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":73011,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":528,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":18070,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 137.774 1 -total"," 78.23% 107.786 1 Template:Wikibooks_policies_and_guidelines"," 75.57% 104.111 2 Template:Navbox"," 13.13% 18.088 2 Template:Pp-protected"," 11.66% 16.059 2 Template:Pp-meta"," 10.86% 14.963 1 Template:Wikibooks_editor_navigation"," 3.83% 5.284 133 Template:·w"," 3.24% 4.470 3 Template:Plain_link"," 2.20% 3.034 2 Template:Pagetype"," 1.68% 2.317 1 Template:Browsebar"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.066","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":913061,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-59856bd7d8-pjwrz","timestamp":"20241119182111","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10