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潮州话 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书

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class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-命名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#命名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>命名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-命名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分区" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分区"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>分区</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-分区-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-与其他语言之关系" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#与其他语言之关系"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>与其他语言之关系</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-与其他语言之关系-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关与其他语言之关系子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-与其他语言之关系-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-现代标准汉语(普通话)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#现代标准汉语(普通话)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>现代标准汉语(普通话)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-现代标准汉语(普通话)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-客家話" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#客家話"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>客家話</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-客家話-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-粤语" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#粤语"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>粤语</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-粤语-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-非汉语语言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#非汉语语言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>非汉语语言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-非汉语语言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-语音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>语音</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-语音-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关语音子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-语音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-聲母" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#聲母"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>聲母</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-聲母-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-韻母" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#韻母"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>韻母</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-韻母-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-声调" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#声调"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>声调</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-声调-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-變調" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#變調"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>變調</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-變調-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-轻声" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#轻声"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>轻声</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-轻声-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文白异读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文白异读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>文白异读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文白异读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>文法</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文法-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文法子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-词法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#词法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>词法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-词法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-代词" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#代词"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>代词</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-代词-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-人称代词" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人称代词"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1.1</span> <span>人称代词</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人称代词-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-所有格代詞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#所有格代詞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1.2</span> <span>所有格代詞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-所有格代詞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-指示代詞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#指示代詞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1.3</span> <span>指示代詞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-指示代詞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-疑問代詞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#疑問代詞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1.4</span> <span>疑問代詞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-疑問代詞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-數詞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#數詞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>數詞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-數詞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-句法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#句法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>句法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-句法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-动词短语" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#动词短语"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>动词短语</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-动词短语-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-语态" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语态"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1.1</span> <span>语态</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-语态-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-疑问句" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#疑问句"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>疑问句</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-疑问句-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-比較句" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#比較句"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3</span> <span>比較句</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-比較句-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-兩個或以上名詞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#兩個或以上名詞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3.1</span> <span>兩個或以上名詞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-兩個或以上名詞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-只有一個名詞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#只有一個名詞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3.2</span> <span>只有一個名詞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-只有一個名詞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相等" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相等"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3.3</span> <span>相等</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相等-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-最級" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#最級"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3.4</span> <span>最級</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-最級-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-词汇" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#词汇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>词汇</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-词汇-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关词汇子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-词汇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-古老词汇" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古老词汇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>古老词汇</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古老词汇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外语词汇" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外语词汇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>外语词汇</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外语词汇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-書寫系統" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#書寫系統"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>書寫系統</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-書寫系統-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关書寫系統子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-書寫系統-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-漢字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#漢字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>漢字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-漢字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-训读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#训读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>训读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-训读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生造新字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生造新字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>生造新字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生造新字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同音字的互用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同音字的互用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.3</span> <span>同音字的互用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同音字的互用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-潮語白話字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#潮語白話字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>潮語白話字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-潮語白話字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-潮州話拼音方案" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#潮州話拼音方案"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>潮州話拼音方案</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-潮州話拼音方案-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-对潮州话的研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#对潮州话的研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>对潮州话的研究</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-对潮州话的研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-流行文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#流行文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>流行文化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-流行文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考书目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考书目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>参考书目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考书目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參閲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參閲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>參閲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參閲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">潮州话</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。28种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A8u-ci%C5%AD-u%C3%A2" title="Dièu-ciŭ-uâ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dièu-ciŭ-uâ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teochew" title="Teochew – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Teochew" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teochew_Min" title="Teochew Min – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Teochew Min" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chino_teochew" title="Chino teochew – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chino teochew" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teochew_(dialecte)" title="Teochew (dialecte) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Teochew (dialecte)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="潮州話 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="潮州話" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsh%C3%A8u-ch%C3%BB-fa" title="Tshèu-chû-fa – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tshèu-chû-fa" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Teochew" title="Jaku Teochew – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Teochew" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tiochiu" title="Bahasa Tiochiu – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Tiochiu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialetto_teochew" title="Dialetto teochew – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dialetto teochew" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="潮州語 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="潮州語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Tyocyu" title="Basa Tyocyu – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Tyocyu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B0%A8%EC%98%A4%EC%A0%80%EC%9A%B0%EC%96%B4" title="차오저우어 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="차오저우어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Teochew" title="Bahasa Teochew – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Teochew" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaozhouhua" title="Chaozhouhua – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chaozhouhua" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teochew" title="Teochew – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Teochew" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teochew_(lenga)" title="Teochew (lenga) – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Teochew (lenga)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teochew" title="Teochew – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Teochew" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teochew" title="Teochew – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Teochew" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_(%D1%8E%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Чаошань (южноминьский язык) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чаошань (южноминьский язык)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teochew" title="Teochew – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Teochew" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%A7" title="ภาษาแต้จิ๋ว – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาแต้จิ๋ว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teochew_leh%C3%A7esi" title="Teochew lehçesi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Teochew lehçesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%84%DB%81%D8%AC%DB%81" title="تیوچیو لہجہ – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تیوچیو لہجہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Ch%C3%A2u" title="Tiếng Triều Châu – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Triều Châu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="潮州话 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="潮州话" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%B4-chiu-%C5%8De" title="Tiô-chiu-ōe – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiô-chiu-ōe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="潮州話 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="潮州話" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36759#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" 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background-color: tomato;">潮州话</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: tomato;"><span style="font-size: small;">dio<sup>5</sup> ziu<sup>1</sup> uê<sup>7</sup><br /> Tiê-chiu-ūe</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母语国家和地区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a><br />及世界各地<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州人">潮州裔</a>華人社區</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><b>区域</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="廣東省">廣東</a>東部(<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州">潮州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%AD%E9%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="揭陽">揭陽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%95%E9%A0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="汕頭">汕頭</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="梅州">梅州</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E9%A1%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="丰顺">豐順</a>)、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來西亞">馬來西亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="印尼">印尼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="泰國">泰國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BD" title="孟加拉国">孟加拉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="菲律賓">菲律賓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%B6%E8%90%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="汶萊">汶萊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>等世界各地<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州人">潮州人</a>社區。</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">語系</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="漢藏語系">漢藏語系</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語族">漢語族</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩語">閩語支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BF%E6%B5%B7%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="沿海閩語">沿海閩語</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩南語">閩南語</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li>潮汕片<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><b>潮州话</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%97" title="方言字">漢字</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="泰文字">泰文字</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E8%AF%AD%E7%99%BD%E8%AF%9D%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="潮语白话字">潮語白話字</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="潮州話拼音方案">潮州話拼音方案</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: tomato;;">語言代碼</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">无(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;">mis</span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-6" title="ISO 639-6">ISO 639-6</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code>czhu</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/teoc1236">teoc1236</a></code><sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/chao1238">chao1238</a></code><sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/chao1241">chao1241</a></code><sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/chao1239">chao1239</a></code><sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banlamgu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Banlamgu.svg/300px-Banlamgu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Banlamgu.svg/450px-Banlamgu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Banlamgu.svg/600px-Banlamgu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>潮州話</b>,又叫<b>潮語</b>、<b>潮汕話</b> <sup id="cite_ref-李新魁1994_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-李新魁1994-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,是<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="漢藏語系">漢藏語系</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語族">漢語族</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="閩語支">閩語支</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩南語">閩南語</a>的一種<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言">方言</a>。潮州話屬閩南語<b>潮汕片</b>,是<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E6%B0%91%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州民系">潮州民系</a>的母語,在海外的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E6%B0%91%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州民系">潮州民系</a>聚居的地區也頗具影響力,潮州話和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E6%BC%B3%E7%89%87" title="泉漳片">泉漳片闽南语</a>之間大部分可以互通交談。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="命名"><span id=".E5.91.BD.E5.90.8D"></span>命名</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="编辑章节:命名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>潮州話在英文被稱為<span lang="en"><i>Teochew</i></span>或者<span lang="en"><i>Chiuchow</i></span>,分别是“潮州”兩字在潮州話和在粤语中的音譯。广义的潮州话指整个闽南语的潮汕片(dio<sup>5</sup> suan<sup>1</sup> piang<sup>3</sup> / Tiê-suaⁿ-phièn),通行于<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="廣東省">廣東省</a>東部的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="潮州市">潮州市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%95%E9%A0%AD%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="汕頭市">汕頭市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%AD%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82" title="揭阳市">揭阳市</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="梅州市">梅州市</a>管辖的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%90%E9%A0%86%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="豐順縣">豐順縣</a>,在历史上,這些地区都属于<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E5%BA%9C" title="潮州府">潮州府</a>辖境之内,因此仍有不少詞典、專著等學術著作将整个潮汕片方言统称为“潮州話”,《<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="潮州話拼音方案">潮州話拼音方案</a>》便是基於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%95%E9%A0%AD%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="汕頭話">汕頭話</a>為標準編纂的,<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">而《潮汕大字典》則是基於潮州府城音</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求开始于2024年10月19日。">&#91;來源請求&#93;</span></a></sup>。狭义的潮州话指潮州市通行的方言,也是潮汕片传统上的代表方言。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="编辑章节:歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>現代潮州話是閩南語的一種方言,與閩南語的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E6%BC%B3%E7%89%87" title="泉漳片">泉漳片</a>(俗稱“福建話”)是同源關係,其音韻體系大致相同,在生活用語甚至戲劇上可以互通互用。此外,因為與<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B2%E6%97%8F" title="畲族">畲族</a>交往,潮州話也混入了不少<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B2%E8%AF%AD" title="畲语">畲語</a>詞彙。<sup id="cite_ref-chaozhouhua_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chaozhouhua-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>潮州話初始於秦漢,成型於唐宋,到了明末清初時期才形成自己獨立的語言體系。<sup id="cite_ref-chaozhouhua_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chaozhouhua-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>9世紀約<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="唐代">唐代</a>開始至15世紀期間,因耕地不足导致严重饥荒,一些<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="闽南">闽南</a>地区的漢人往海邊遷徙,到達廣東潮州一帶,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%86%E7%94%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="莆田">莆田</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州">潮州</a>先民遷徙途中重要的一站,至今潮、漳泉兩地方言仍為同一系屬,即可見一斑。 </p><p>由於地理隔絕,潮州話便逐漸發展為獨立的閩南語之方言。 </p><p>潮州話源於<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E5%BA%9C" title="潮州府">潮州府</a>,也就是其名稱的由來,古代<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E5%BA%9C" title="潮州府">潮州府</a>包括今<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州">潮州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%95%E9%A0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="汕頭">汕頭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%AD%E9%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="揭陽">揭陽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E9%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="潮陽">潮陽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%AF%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="普寧">普寧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="潮安">潮安</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%B6%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%BF" title="饶平县">饒平</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E6%9D%A5%E5%8E%BF" title="惠来县">惠來</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%84%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="澄海">澄海</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E9%A1%BA%E5%8E%BF" title="丰顺县">豐順</a>等。<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="客家話">客家話</a>為主的地區<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9F%94%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="大埔縣">大埔</a>都有說潮州話的居民。 </p><p>18至20世紀期間,<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州">潮州</a>居民是移居<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東南亞">東南亞</a>的主要華人族群之一,故此潮州話成為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="海外華人">海外華人</a>的主要方言之一。其中,很多<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州人">潮州人</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="泰國">泰國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨">柬埔寨</a>定居,成為當地最大的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="華人">華人</a>族群。<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州人">潮州人</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來西亞">馬来西亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="印尼">印尼</a>(尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%96%E5%85%A7%E7%9C%81" title="廖內省">廖內省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%8B%8F%E9%97%A8%E7%AD%94%E8%85%8A%E7%9C%81" title="北苏门答腊省">北蘇門答臘省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%8B%8F%E9%97%A8%E7%AD%94%E8%85%8A%E7%9C%81" title="南苏门答腊省">南蘇門答臘省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%BC%E4%B8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="西加里曼丹">西加里曼丹</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A4%E7%94%B8" title="坤甸">坤甸</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%88%BF%E7%B8%A3" title="道房縣">道房縣</a>)形成重要的少數族群。一些潮州人也在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亞">澳大利亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="新西蘭">新西蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="北美洲">北美洲</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>居住,一些從潮州地區而來,一些則從東南亞而至。 </p><p>可是,隨著<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" title="全球化">全球化</a>的普及,潮州人的母語使用者逐漸減少。而在大陆<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="廣東">廣東</a>則受到<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="普通話">普通話</a>競爭,受到共同文化和傳媒影響。很多原以潮州話為母語的新加坡華裔青少年,都轉而講<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E8%8F%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="新加坡華語">新加坡華語</a>。现今有小部分的潮州籍的新加坡華裔青少年受到新加坡当地一些较多操<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E6%BC%B3%E7%89%87" title="泉漳片">闽台片闽南语</a>(與潮州話小部份互通)的新加坡華裔中年人和年长者讲闽台片闽南语方言(新加坡福建话,厦门话,台湾话)的影响之下,他们就改为讲<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E6%BC%B3%E7%89%87" title="泉漳片">闽台片闽南语</a>来取代潮州话。一些中年人的新加坡潮州人已经融入泉漳闽南族群内,今日已改认同为福建闽南人。新加坡主导语言<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>也漸漸取代潮州話,成為年輕人的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%AA%9E" title="母語">母語</a>。儘管如此,潮州話仍然是很多新加坡華人的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%AA%9E" title="母語">母語</a>,而<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州人">潮州人</a>也是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="新加坡華人">新加坡華人</a>第二大族群,僅次於<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="閩南人">福建閩南人</a>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>有超過七十萬名<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州人">潮州人</a>,但新一代大部份只會說<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵語</a>,加上他們不會跟自己族群通婚,不過有些在香港的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州">潮州</a>年轻人即使不會操潮州话,若父母雙方是潮州人,他們仍然懂潮州話的話,因為潮州話沒有F音,所以操的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵語</a>(廣東話)充滿<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州">潮州</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E9%9F%B3_(%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8)" title="口音 (社會語言學)">口音</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">廣東話</a>裡有不少潮州話成份,例如在香港多數用「架己冷(家己人)」來表示「自己人」,因此能操<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="粵語">粵語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州語">潮州語</a>二種語言。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85" class="mw-redirect" title="清">清</a>代<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99" title="康熙">康熙</a>年間,來自<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E5%BA%9C" title="潮州府">潮州府</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E9%84%89" class="mw-redirect" title="程鄉">程鄉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%BF%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="平远">平遠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%87%E5%B9%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="镇平">鎮平</a>三縣移民臺灣的人多為<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="客家人">客家人</a>,但在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%8D%E6%AD%A3" title="雍正">雍正</a>之後,<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E9%84%89" class="mw-redirect" title="程鄉">程鄉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%BF%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="平远">平遠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%87%E5%B9%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="镇平">鎮平</a>三縣已不再屬於潮州府,而和惠州府<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B4%E5%AE%81%E5%B8%82" title="兴宁市">興寧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%8E%E5%8E%BF" title="五华县">五華</a>二縣合併成立純客語區的<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E6%87%89%E7%9B%B4%E9%9A%B8%E5%B7%9E" title="嘉應直隸州">嘉應直隸州</a>,而來自這三地的移民也改稱來自嘉應州。而雍正之後,除了潮州府<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9F%94%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="大埔縣">大埔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E9%A1%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="丰顺">豐順</a>二縣以外,來自潮州府的移民已多為<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E6%B0%91%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="閩南民系">閩南民系</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州人">潮州人</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣潮州人">臺灣潮州人</a>之後在語言方面被<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E6%BC%B3%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="泉漳話">閩南語泉漳話</a>融合了,但在宗教及飲食方面未必。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分区"><span id=".E5.88.86.E5.8C.BA"></span>分区</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="编辑章节:分区"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>传统上,民间将潮州话根据所处的流域分为三种腔调:<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E6%B1%9F" title="韩江">韩江</a>腔、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%83%E6%B1%9F_(%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C)" title="练江 (广东)">练江</a>腔、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%95%E6%B1%9F_(%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C)" title="榕江 (广东)">榕江</a>腔。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>学术上,通常将潮州话分为两片<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li><b>潮汕小片</b>(或称汕头小片):包括汕头市的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B9%B3%E5%8C%BA" title="金平区">金平区</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E6%B9%96%E5%8C%BA" title="龙湖区">龙湖区</a>、澄海区、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%BE%B3%E5%8E%BF" title="南澳县">南澳县</a>;潮州市的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E6%A1%A5%E5%8C%BA" title="湘桥区">湘桥区</a>、潮安县、饶平县;揭阳市的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%95%E5%9F%8E%E5%8C%BA" title="榕城区">榕城区</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%AD%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%BA" title="揭东区">揭东区</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%AD%E8%A5%BF%E5%8E%BF" title="揭西县">揭西县</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%89%E6%B9%96%E9%95%87" title="棉湖镇">棉湖镇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E5%9D%91%E9%95%87" title="钱坑镇">钱坑镇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A4%E6%B1%9F%E9%95%87" title="凤江镇">凤江镇</a>。此外梅州市丰顺县的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A4%E5%8D%97%E9%95%87" title="汤南镇">汤南镇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A4%E5%9D%91%E9%95%87" title="汤坑镇">汤坑镇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%BB%A7%E9%9A%8D%E9%95%87" title="𨻧隍镇">𨻧隍镇</a>亦属于此小片。</li> <li><b>潮普小片</b>:包括汕头市的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%A0%E6%B1%9F%E5%8C%BA" title="濠江区">濠江区</a>、潮阳区、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%BA" title="潮南区">潮南区</a>;揭阳市的普宁市、惠来县。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%95%E5%B0%BE%E5%B8%82" title="汕尾市">汕尾市</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E4%B8%B0%E5%B8%82" title="陆丰市">陆丰市</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%AD%90%E9%95%87_(%E9%99%86%E4%B8%B0%E5%B8%82)" title="甲子镇 (陆丰市)">甲子镇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E4%B8%9C%E9%95%87" title="甲东镇">甲东镇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E8%A5%BF%E9%95%87" title="甲西镇">甲西镇</a>亦属于此小片。</li></ul> <p>两片之间的差异在于:潮普小片有一组<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%BD%92%E9%9F%B3" title="唇齒音">唇齒</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="塞擦音">塞擦音</a>声母:[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%94%87%E9%BD%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清唇齿塞擦音">pf</a>],[pfʰ],[<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%BD%92%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="唇齒鼻音">ɱ</a>],[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E5%94%87%E9%BD%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="浊唇齿塞擦音">bv</a>];潮汕小片中读/ɯ/的韵母,在潮普小片中读/u/。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="与其他语言之关系"><span id=".E4.B8.8E.E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E4.B9.8B.E5.85.B3.E7.B3.BB"></span>与其他语言之关系</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="编辑章节:与其他语言之关系"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="现代标准汉语(普通话)"><span id=".E7.8E.B0.E4.BB.A3.E6.A0.87.E5.87.86.E6.B1.89.E8.AF.AD.EF.BC.88.E6.99.AE.E9.80.9A.E8.AF.9D.EF.BC.89"></span>现代标准汉语(普通话)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="编辑章节:现代标准汉语(普通话)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1980年代以来,随教育体系的逐渐完整及对外交流的发展,当地儿童從学龄前的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BC%E5%84%BF%E5%9B%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="幼儿园">幼儿园</a>阶段就开始学习普通话,部分幼儿园甚至完全采用<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%AF%9D" title="普通话">普通话</a>教育。从<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="小学">小学</a>阶段开始,普通話成为正式的教学语言。但校园内师生之间仍有较多的潮州话交流。当地人中青壮年龄以下的人群基本都能讲普通话,其中某些带有母语口音,而年长者对普通话的掌握相对较差。一般而言,接受过学校教育的人群能较好地使用普通话交流;同时,新世代人群中也出现了不会讲或不是很会讲潮州话的迹象。 </p><p>潮州话母语使用者认为普通话的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%95%E8%81%B2" title="輕聲">轻声</a>最难掌握。另外,潮州話中,潮州、潮安、澄海一带的口音较“轻”,失去了<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="齒齦鼻音">齒齦鼻音</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[-n]</span>的韻尾,故此潮州话使用者常常把普通话的该韵尾(聲母n)读成<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%A1%8E%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="軟顎鼻音">软腭鼻音</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[-ŋ]</span>。而在练江片(潮南、惠来一带)人群中,语调中保留了较多的软腭鼻音。 </p><p>闽南語和其分支不存在<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%AE%E5%8F%A3%E5%91%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="撮口呼">撮口呼</a>(沒有<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="前元音">前圓唇元音</a>)及<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E9%9F%B3" title="捲舌音">捲舌音</a>。例如:<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉前圓唇元音">閉前圓唇元音</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[y]</span>誤讀成<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉前不圓唇元音">閉前不圓唇元音</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[i]</span>;將普通話的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%94%87%E9%BD%92%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清唇齒擦音">清唇齒擦音</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[f]</span>讀成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%96%89%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="清喉擦音">清喉擦音</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[h]</span>;将普通话声母zh<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[tʂ]</span>、ch<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[tʂʰ]</span>、sh<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ʂ]</span>和r<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ʐ]</span>分别读成<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ts]</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[tsʰ]</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[s]</span>和<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[z]</span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="客家話"><span id=".E5.AE.A2.E5.AE.B6.E8.A9.B1"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="客家話">客家話</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="编辑章节:客家話"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由于<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="潮安">潮安</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%B6%E5%B9%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="饶平">饶平</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%AD%E9%98%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="揭阳">揭阳</a>接近廣東北部的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="客家话">客家话</a>地区,这些地区的部分人群除了说潮州话,也说<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="客家話">客家話</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州人">潮州人</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="客家人">客家人</a>经常接触,但有趣的是,近代以来<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="客家话">客家话</a>对潮州话影响甚少。同样地,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9F%94%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="大埔縣">大埔</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E9%A1%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="丰顺">丰顺</a>同为潮州话和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="客家话">客家话</a>地区相交之处也有一些人说潮州话,纵使<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="客家话">客家话</a>仍是最主要语言。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="粤语"><span id=".E7.B2.A4.E8.AF.AD"></span><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤语</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="编辑章节:粤语"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1980年代以来,由于受<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="广州">广州</a>一带<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤语</a>方言区域的文化影响(尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%89%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="香港电视剧">香港电视剧</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%AD%8C%E6%9B%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="流行歌曲">流行歌曲</a>),很多年轻<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%95%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="潮汕人">潮州人</a>也能夠知曉粤语。现代<a class="mw-selflink selflink">潮州话</a>的口语中使用不少来自<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="粤语方言">粤语方言</a>区的词汇。粵語也吸收不少來自<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州話">潮州話</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="客家話">客家話</a>的詞語,例如「口渴」讀成「口涸」、「喉乾」或「口乾」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="非汉语语言"><span id=".E9.9D.9E.E6.B1.89.E8.AF.AD.E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80"></span>非汉语语言</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="编辑章节:非汉语语言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>很多潮州人移居到东南亚,故此潮州话在东南亚的发展受到当地语言——如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="泰语">泰语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%A3%89%E8%AF%AD" title="高棉语">高棉语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="越南语">越南语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="马来语">马来语</a>等——的影响。 </p><p>英語對潮州話也有少許影響,這些影響主要是透過新加坡、馬來西亞等前英國殖民地的潮州僑民傳回,典型例子就是潮州人叫貨車稱作「囉哩」(英文 Lorry 的音譯)。而打籃球時,投籃的潮州話是「述球」,其中的「述」是(英文 shoot 的音譯);踢足球時,出界的潮州話是「漚屎」(英文 outside 的音譯) 。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="语音"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E9.9F.B3"></span>语音</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="编辑章节:语音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="閩南語音系">閩南語音系</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="潮州話拼音方案">潮州話拼音方案</a></div> <p>潮州话<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82" title="音节">音节</a>包含声母、韻頭(<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E9%9F%B3" title="介音">介音</a>)、韻腹和韻尾。除了韻腹和聲調,其他音節的元素都並非必要。故此,韻腹只要配合聲調,就可以自成音節。以下分析列出羅馬拼音、國際音標([ ]中者)和例字。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="聲母"><span id=".E8.81.B2.E6.AF.8D"></span>聲母</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="编辑章节:聲母"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>正如其他閩南語方言,潮州話是少數擁有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">濁</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BB%E7%A4%99%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="阻礙音">阻礙音</a>(塞音、擦音和塞擦音)的漢語方言。然而,潮州話與<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="吴语">吳語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%AF%AD" title="湘语">湘語</a>不同,其濁<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="塞音">塞音</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="擦音">擦音</a>並非源自中古漢語的濁阻礙音,而是來自其<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3)" title="鼻音 (辅音)">鼻音</a>。故此,濁塞音<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[b]</span>和<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[g]</span>其實分別是<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E9%BC%BB%E5%8C%96%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3" title="前鼻化辅音">前鼻化輔音</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[<sup>m</sup>b]</span>和<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[<sup>ŋ</sup>g]</span>。在早期的潮州話,<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁齒齦塞擦音">濁齒齦塞擦音</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[dz]</span>原本是擦音<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[z]</span>,現時仍在一些方言出現。 </p><p>除了<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%89%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="喉塞音">喉塞音</a>通常不被视为声母之外,所有下列圖表列出的輔音都可以用作聲母。喉塞音只作入聲韻尾之一,以h表示。 </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">潮州話聲母 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">&#160; </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="双唇音">双唇音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%BE%88%E9%9F%B3" title="齿龈音">齿龈音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="软腭音">软腭音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%89%E9%9F%B3" title="喉音">喉音</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="塞音">无擦浊音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3)" title="鼻音 (辅音)">鼻塞音</a> </th> <td>m <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[m]</span> 毛 </td> <td>n <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[n]</span> 娜 </td> <td>ng <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ŋ]</span> 俄 </td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <th>塞音与<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="边音">中塞邊</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%93%A6%E9%80%9A%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="無擦通音">通音</a> </th> <td>bh <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[b]</span> 無 </td> <td>l <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[l]</span> 羅 </td> <td>gh <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[g]</span> 鵝 </td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="塞音">清塞音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="送氣">不送氣</a> </th> <td>b <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[p]</span> 波 </td> <td>d <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[t]</span> 多 </td> <td>g <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[k]</span> 哥 </td> <td>- <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[Ø-ʔ]</span> 哦 </td></tr> <tr> <th>送氣 </th> <td>p <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[pʰ]</span> 頗 </td> <td>t <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[tʰ]</span> 胎 </td> <td>k <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[kʰ]</span> 戈 </td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">清<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="擦音">擦音</a> </th> <td>&#160; </td> <td>s <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[s]</span> 思 </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>h <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[h]</span> 何 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="塞擦音">塞擦音</a> </th> <th>濁音 </th> <td>&#160; </td> <td>r <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[dz-z]</span> 而 </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <th>不送氣清音 </th> <td>&#160; </td> <td>z <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ts]</span> 之 </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <th>送氣清音 </th> <td>&#160; </td> <td>c <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[tsʰ]</span> 徐 </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160; </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="韻母"><span id=".E9.9F.BB.E6.AF.8D"></span>韻母</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="编辑章节:韻母"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%91%BC" title="四呼">四呼</a>當中,潮州話有開口、齊齒和合口呼,故此韻頭(介音)有[i]和[u],但並沒有撮口呼。 </p><p>韻腹是唯一必須存在的音節元素,故此也是音節最重要的部分。它可以是<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="元音">元音</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E5%8C%96%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="鼻化元音">鼻化元音</a>或成節<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="輔音">輔音</a>。除了饶平北部和潮安凤凰镇,潮州話普遍沒有<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E5%B0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="韻尾">韻尾</a>[n]/[t],下列拼音中以n為尾綴的韻母其實表示<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="鼻化">鼻化</a>韻。元音<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E8%85%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="韻腹">韻腹</a>有六個,分別是[a]、[o]、[e]、[i]、[u]和[ɯ]。絕大部份音節以元音為韻腹,但有一些音節不含元音,而是成節輔音<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="雙唇鼻音">雙唇鼻音</a>[m]和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E8%85%AD%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="软腭鼻音">軟齶鼻音</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ŋ]</span>。 </p><p>韻尾通常是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="塞音">塞音</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3)" title="鼻音 (辅音)">鼻音</a>(實際上也可說是塞音,因為軟顎降低,讓空氣通過鼻腔),但是並非必要。元音韻尾共两個,分別是[i]和[u]。輔音韻尾共五個,包括塞音<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ʔ]</span>、[p]和[k],鼻音[m]和<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ŋ]</span>,以及存在于饶平北部和潮安凤凰镇的[n]和[t]。 </p><p>根據<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="潮州話拼音方案">潮州話拼音方案</a><sup id="cite_ref-林字典_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-林字典-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fangan_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fangan-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,潮州話韻母共五十九個,如下: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">潮州話韻母<sup id="cite_ref-fangan_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fangan-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>韻頭類別</td> <td>開口呼</td> <td>齊齒呼</td> <td>合口呼 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="10">單複韻母</td> <td>e <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɯ]</span> 余</td> <td>i <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[i]</span> 衣</td> <td>u <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[u]</span> 污 </td></tr> <tr> <td>a <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[a]</span> 亞</td> <td>ia <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ia]</span> 呀</td> <td>ua <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ua]</span> 娃 </td></tr> <tr> <td>o <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[o]</span> 窩</td> <td>io <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[io]</span> 腰</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ê <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[e]</span> 啞</td> <td><span style="color: blue;">iê <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ie]</span> 腰</span><sup id="cite_ref-a_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td>uê <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ue]</span> 鍋 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ai <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ai]</span> 哀</td> <td></td> <td>uai <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[uai]</span> 歪 </td></tr> <tr> <td>oi <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[oi]</span> 鞋</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ui <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ui]</span> 威 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ao <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[au]</span> 歐</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ou <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ou]</span> 烏</td> <td>iou <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[iou]</span> 夭</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>iu <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[iu]</span> 憂</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="10">鼻化韻母</td> <td>en <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɯ̃]</span> 秧</td> <td>in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ĩ]</span> 丸</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>an <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ã]</span> 噯</td> <td>ian <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ĩã]</span> 營</td> <td>uan <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ũã]</span> 鞍 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>ion <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ĩõ]</span> 羊</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ên <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ẽ]</span> 楹</td> <td>(<span style="color: blue;">iên <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ĩẽ]</span> 羊</span><sup id="cite_ref-a_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>)</td> <td><span style="color: blue;">uên <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ũẽ]</span> [橫]</span><sup id="cite_ref-a_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ain <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ãĩ]</span> 愛</td> <td></td> <td><span style="color: blue;">uain <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ũãĩ]</span> [縣]</span><sup id="cite_ref-a_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>oin <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[õĩ]</span> 閑</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td><span style="color: blue;">uin <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ũĩ]</span> 畏</span><sup id="cite_ref-a_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="color: blue;">aon <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ãũ]</span> [好]</span><sup id="cite_ref-a_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="color: blue;">oun <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[õũ]</span> [虎]</span><sup id="cite_ref-a_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td><span style="color: blue;">ioun [ĩõũ] [貓]</span><sup id="cite_ref-a_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span style="color: blue;">iun <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ĩũ]</span> 幼</span><sup id="cite_ref-a_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6">鼻韻母</td> <td></td> <td>im <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[im]</span> 音</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>am <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[am]</span>庵</td> <td>iam <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[iam]</span> 淹</td> <td>uam <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[uam]</span> 凡 </td></tr> <tr> <td>eng <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɤŋ]</span> 恩</td> <td>ing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[iŋ]</span> 因</td> <td>ung <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[uŋ]</span> 溫 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ang <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[aŋ]</span> 按</td> <td>iang <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[iaŋ]</span> 央</td> <td>uang <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[uaŋ]</span> 汪 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ong <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[oŋ]</span> 翁</td> <td>iong <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ioŋ]</span> 雍</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>êng <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[eŋ]</span> 英</td> <td><span style="color: blue;">iêng <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ieŋ]</span> 焉</span><sup id="cite_ref-a_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td><span style="color: blue;">uêng <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ueŋ]</span> 冤</span><sup id="cite_ref-a_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="12">入聲韻母</td> <td></td> <td>ih <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[iʔ]</span> 裂</td> <td>uh [uʔ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>ah <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[aʔ]</span> 鴨</td> <td>iah <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[iaʔ]</span> 益</td> <td>uah <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[uaʔ]</span> 活 </td></tr> <tr> <td>oh <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[oʔ]</span> 學</td> <td>ioh <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ioʔ]</span> 約</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>êh <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[eʔ]</span> 厄</td> <td></td> <td>uêh <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ueʔ]</span> 劃 </td></tr> <tr> <td>oih <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[oiʔ]</span> 狹</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="color: blue;">aoh <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[auʔ]</span> [樂]</span><sup id="cite_ref-a_12-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>ib <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ip̚]</span> 邑</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ab <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ap̚]</span> 盒</td> <td>iab <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[iap̚]</span> 壓</td> <td>uab <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[uap̚]</span> 法 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="color: blue;">eg <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɤk̚]</span> [乞]</span><sup id="cite_ref-a_12-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td>ig <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ik̚]</span> 乙</td> <td>ug <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[uk̚]</span> 熨 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ag <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ak̚]</span> 惡</td> <td>iag <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[iak̚]</span> 躍</td> <td>uag <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[uak̚]</span> 蕕(獲) </td></tr> <tr> <td>og <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ok̚]</span> 屋</td> <td>iog <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[iok̚]</span> 育</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>êg <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ek̚]</span> 液</td> <td><span style="color: blue;">iêg <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[iek̚]</span> 噎</span><sup id="cite_ref-a_12-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td><span style="color: blue;">uêg <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[uek̚]</span> 越</span><sup id="cite_ref-a_12-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>輔音音節</td> <td>m <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[m]</span> 唔</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="notelist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-a-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a_12-0"><sup><b>1.00</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_12-1"><sup><b>1.01</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_12-2"><sup><b>1.02</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_12-3"><sup><b>1.03</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_12-4"><sup><b>1.04</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_12-5"><sup><b>1.05</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_12-6"><sup><b>1.06</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_12-7"><sup><b>1.07</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_12-8"><sup><b>1.08</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_12-9"><sup><b>1.09</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_12-10"><sup><b>1.10</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_12-11"><sup><b>1.11</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_12-12"><sup><b>1.12</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_12-13"><sup><b>1.13</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_12-14"><sup><b>1.14</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">未在方案韻母表出現的韻母</span> </li> </ol> </div> <ul><li>括號中之韻母和例字並未在上述方案出現;方括號中之例字有輔音聲母,在此只取其韻。</li> <li>加上方案沒有收錄的韻母,潮州話韻母共七十五個。</li> <li>輔音音節共三個,並未在上述方案出現。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="声调"><span id=".E5.A3.B0.E8.B0.83"></span>声调</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="编辑章节:声调"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>潮州话跟其他汉语方言一样,是<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="聲調語言">声调语言</a>。它有八个<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E8%B0%83" class="mw-redirect" title="声调">声调</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fangan_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fangan-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,并有丰富的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E8%B0%83" class="mw-redirect" title="变调">变调</a>。 </p><p>調值之數字是指<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF%E8%BC%AA%E5%BB%93" title="聲調輪廓">聲調輪廓</a>,1為最低,5為最高,拼音中的聲調以1至8表示,以汕头话为例<sup id="cite_ref-林伦伦1996_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-林伦伦1996-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto"> <tbody><tr> <th>聲調</th> <th>陰平</th> <th>陰上</th> <th>陰去</th> <th>陰入</th> <th>陽平</th> <th>陽上</th> <th>陽去</th> <th>陽入 </th></tr> <tr> <th>調值 </th> <td>33</td> <td>52</td> <td>213</td> <td>2</td> <td>55</td> <td>35</td> <td>11</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>調型 </th> <td>中平</td> <td>高降</td> <td>降升</td> <td>低入</td> <td>高平</td> <td>高升</td> <td>低平</td> <td>高入 </td></tr> <tr> <th>例子(文讀音) </th> <td>分</td> <td>粉</td> <td>訓</td> <td>忽</td> <td>雲</td> <td>混</td> <td>份</td> <td>佛 </td></tr> <tr> <th>拼音 </th> <td>hung1</td> <td>hung2</td> <td>hung3</td> <td>hug4</td> <td>hung5</td> <td>hung6</td> <td>hung7</td> <td>hug8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>白話字拼音 </th> <td>hung</td> <td>húng</td> <td>hùng</td> <td>huk</td> <td>hûng</td> <td>hǔng</td> <td>hūng</td> <td>hu̍k </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="變調"><span id=".E8.AE.8A.E8.AA.BF"></span>變調</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="编辑章节:變調"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>兩個字(或字詞)連讀時,前面的字要變調,後面的字不變調,而此變調的規律是固定的。如果兩個以上的字連讀,則只有最後的字不變調,情況如下: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto"> <tbody><tr> <th>前字聲調</th> <th>陰平</th> <th>陰上</th> <th>陰去</th> <th>陰入</th> <th>陽平</th> <th>陽上</th> <th>陽去</th> <th>陽入 </th></tr> <tr> <th>前字聲調數字 </th> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>变调后聲調數字 </th> <td>1</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>8</td> <td>7</td> <td>9</td> <td>9</td> <td>4 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>由此可見,變調的規律就是: </p> <ul><li>陰平(1)不變調;</li> <li>陰入(4)和陽入(8)互換;</li> <li>陰去(3)變成陰上(2)或陽平(5);</li> <li>陰上變成陽上(6);</li> <li>陽平變成陽去。</li> <li>而陽上(6)、陽(7)去則變成新調低降調(9)</li></ul> <p>各地的声调有所差异,列舉如下<sup><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88#cite_note-5" title="潮州話拼音方案">[5]</a></sup>: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">调类 </th> <th>阴平 </th> <th>阴上 </th> <th>阴去 </th> <th>阴入 </th> <th>阳平 </th> <th>阳上 </th> <th>阳去 </th> <th>阳入 </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">潮州 </th> <th>单字调 </th> <td>˧˧ (33) </td> <td>˥˧ (53) </td> <td>˨˩˧ (213) </td> <td>˨˩ (21) </td> <td>˥˥ (55) </td> <td>˧˥ (35) </td> <td>˩˩ (11) </td> <td>˦˦ (44) </td></tr> <tr> <th>前变调 </th> <td>꜕꜔ (23) </td> <td>꜕꜓ (24) </td> <td>꜓꜕ / ꜒꜔ (42/53) </td> <td>꜔꜔ / ꜓꜓ (33/44) </td> <td>꜕꜖꜔ (213) </td> <td>꜕꜖ (21) </td> <td>꜖꜕ (12) </td> <td>꜕꜖ (21) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">汕头 </th> <th>单字调 </th> <td>˧˧ (33) </td> <td>˥˧ (53) </td> <td>˨˩˧ (213) </td> <td>˨ (2) </td> <td>˥˥ (55) </td> <td>˧˥ (35) </td> <td>˩˩ (11) </td> <td>˥ (5) </td></tr> <tr> <th>前变调 </th> <td>꜔꜔ (33) </td> <td>꜔꜒ (35) </td> <td>꜒꜒ (55) </td> <td>꜒꜒ (55) </td> <td>꜖꜖ (11) </td> <td>꜕꜖ (21) </td> <td>꜖꜕ (12) </td> <td>꜕ (2) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">揭阳 </th> <th>单字调 </th> <td>˧˧ (33) </td> <td>˧˩ (31) </td> <td>˨˩˧ (213) </td> <td>˨ (2) </td> <td>˥˥ (55) </td> <td>˧˥ (35) </td> <td>˩˩ (11) </td> <td>˥ (5) </td></tr> <tr> <th>前变调 </th> <td>꜔꜔ (33) </td> <td>꜕꜔ / ꜔꜒ (23/35) </td> <td>꜔꜖ / ꜓꜕ (31/42) </td> <td>꜕ / ꜒ (2/5) </td> <td>꜕꜕ (22) </td> <td>꜕꜖ (21) </td> <td>꜕꜖ (21) </td> <td>꜕ (2) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">潮阳 </th> <th>单字调 </th> <td>˧˧ (33) </td> <td>˥˧ (53) </td> <td>˧˩ (31) </td> <td>˩˩ (11) </td> <td>˥˥ (55) </td> <td>˧˩˧ (313) </td> <td>˩˩ (11) </td> <td>˥˥ (55) </td></tr> <tr> <th>前变调 </th> <td>꜔꜔ (33) </td> <td>꜔꜖ (31) </td> <td>꜒꜒ (55) </td> <td>꜒꜒ (55) </td> <td>꜖꜖ (11) </td> <td>꜔꜔ (33) </td> <td>꜔꜔ (33) </td> <td>꜖꜖ (11) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">饶平 </th> <th>单字调 </th> <td>˧˧ (33) </td> <td>˥˧ (53) </td> <td>˨˩˧ (213) </td> <td>˨˩ (21) </td> <td>˥˥ (55) </td> <td>˧˥ (35) </td> <td>˨˩ (21) </td> <td>˦˦ (44) </td></tr> <tr> <th>前变调 </th> <td>꜕꜔ (23) </td> <td>꜔꜒ (35) </td> <td>꜒꜒ (55) </td> <td>꜓꜓ (44) </td> <td>꜖꜕ (21) </td> <td>꜕꜖ (21) </td> <td>꜖꜕ (12) </td> <td>꜕꜖ (21) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">澄海 </th> <th>单字调 </th> <td>˧˧ (33) </td> <td>˥˧ (53) </td> <td>˨˩˨ (212) </td> <td>˨ (2) </td> <td>˥˥ (55) </td> <td>˧˥ (35) </td> <td>˩˩ (11) </td> <td>˥ (5) </td></tr> <tr> <th>前变调 </th> <td>꜔꜔ (33) </td> <td>꜕꜓ (24) </td> <td>꜓꜕ (42) </td> <td>꜒ (5) </td> <td>꜖꜖ (11) </td> <td>꜕꜖ (21) </td> <td>꜖꜖ (11) </td> <td>꜕ (2) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="轻声"><span id=".E8.BD.BB.E5.A3.B0"></span>轻声</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="编辑章节:轻声"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在一些词组中,词组的后字存在着一种约定俗成的轻声变调。这种变调与前字无关,且都变为一个低调,性质与普通话的轻声类似,以下以汕头话为例:<sup id="cite_ref-林伦伦1996_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-林伦伦1996-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>调类 </th> <th>阴平 </th> <th>阴上 </th> <th>阴去 </th> <th>阴入 </th> <th>阳平 </th> <th>阳上 </th> <th>阳去 </th> <th>阳入 </th></tr> <tr> <th>轻声变调 </th> <td>11 </td> <td>213 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>需要变调的词组主要有几类: </p> <ul><li>某些时间名词,如:后年/au<sup>35</sup> nĩ<sup>55-11</sup>/ 正月/tsiã<sup>33</sup> gueʔ<sup>5-2</sup>/ 前日/tsõĩ<sup>55</sup> zik<sup>5-2</sup>/ 热天/zuaʔ<sup>5</sup> tĩ<sup>33-11</sup>/。</li> <li>做宾语的人称代词“我/ua<sup>53-213</sup>/”、你“/lɯ<sup>53-213</sup>/”、伊“/i<sup>33-11</sup>/”、人“/naŋ<sup>55-11</sup>/”以及表示人或人的复数的“伙/hue<sup>53-213</sup>/”。</li> <li>数量词组做补语时,末尾的量词读轻声,如:坐蜀下/tso<sup>35</sup> tsek<sup>5-2</sup> e<sup>35-11</sup>/ 呾几句/tã<sup>213</sup> kui<sup>53-213</sup> ku<sup>213-21</sup>/</li> <li>某些表示方位的名词语素或词缀,如:在锅底(在锅里)/to<sup>35</sup> ue<sup>33</sup> toi<sup>53-213</sup>/ 在山顶(在山上)/to<sup>35</sup> sũã<sup>33</sup> teŋ<sup>53-213</sup>/ 骹头(旁边)/kʰa<sup>33</sup> tʰau<sup>55-11</sup>/ 只片(这一面)/tsi<sup>53</sup> pʰĩ<sup>213-21</sup>/ 许块(那里)/hɯ<sup>53</sup> ko<sup>213-21</sup>/</li> <li>在结构助词“个/kai<sup>55</sup>/”结尾的词组中,如:青个/tsʰẽ<sup>33</sup> kai<sup>55-11</sup>/</li> <li>助词“着/tioʔ<sup>5-2</sup>/”、“了/liau<sup>53-213</sup>/”、“过/kue<sup>213-21</sup>/”也要读轻声。</li> <li>趋向或结果补语“来”、“去”、“起”、“落”,如:行来/kĩã<sup>55</sup> lai<sup>55-11</sup>/ 爬起来/peʔ<sup>2</sup> kʰi<sup>53-213</sup> lai<sup>55-11</sup>/</li> <li>语气词/mẽ<sup>21</sup>/、/nẽ<sup>21</sup>/、/hẽ<sup>21</sup>/、/nõ<sup>21</sup>/都读低降调</li> <li>单音节代词或形容词后用来表示“边”或者“度”的“势”字,如:只势/tsi<sup>53</sup> si<sup>213-21</sup>/ 长势/tŋ̍<sup>55</sup> si<sup>213-21</sup>/</li> <li>某些主谓式词组的单音节述语也常读轻声,如:天光/tʰĩ<sup>33</sup> kŋ̍<sup>33-11</sup>/ 肚困/tou<sup>53</sup> kʰuŋ<sup>213-21</sup>/</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文白异读"><span id=".E6.96.87.E7.99.BD.E5.BC.82.E8.AF.BB"></span>文白异读</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="编辑章节:文白异读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>潮州话有丰富的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%99%BD%E5%BC%82%E8%AF%BB" title="文白异读">文白异读</a>,几乎可以各成系统,如「非」、「敷」、「奉」<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="三十六字母">母字</a>,其辅音文读为[h],白读为[p]或[pʰ];「知」、「彻」、「澄」母字,文读为[ts]、[tsʰ],白读为[t]、[tʰ]等等。 </p><p>文读音和中古的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E9%9F%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="广韵">广韵</a>》音有严整且简单的对应关系。不过,中古音的[n]/[t]韵尾只存在于饶平北部、潮安凤凰镇以及丰顺、揭阳、普宁等潮客交界处,在其他各地,大多数字转读为[ŋ]/[k],少数字转读为[m]/[p](如按《潮州音字典》,“患”在潮安念[huam],而非[huaŋ],也非[hueŋ])。 </p><p>白读音和中古的《广韵》音的对应较为复杂,尤其是韵母部分。声母部分与<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="上古汉语">上古汉语</a>对应较统一,只是上古时期缺乏<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="音韻">音韵</a>的科学记录,韵母方面的变化难以考究。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文法"><span id=".E6.96.87.E6.B3.95"></span>文法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="编辑章节:文法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="閩南語文法(页面不存在)">閩南語文法</a></div> <p>潮州话<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="文法">文法</a>与南方汉语方言相若,尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="客家话">客家话</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤语</a>。潮州话语句一般以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%B0%93%E5%AE%BE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" class="mw-redirect" title="主谓宾结构">主谓宾结构</a>为主,有时配合<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%8D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="小词(页面不存在)">小词</a>就可变为主宾谓结构。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="词法"><span id=".E8.AF.8D.E6.B3.95"></span>词法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="编辑章节:词法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="代词"><span id=".E4.BB.A3.E8.AF.8D"></span>代词</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="编辑章节:代词"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="人称代词"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E7.A7.B0.E4.BB.A3.E8.AF.8D"></span>人称代词</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="编辑章节:人称代词"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>潮州话的人称代词正如其他汉语方言,没有<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="格 (语法)">格</a>之分,例如「我」uá是第一人称,「伊侬」i-nâng指第三人称「他们」等。<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩南語">闽南語</a>正如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="南島語系">南島語系</a>,“我们”一词分为包括性和排除性。如果听话者都包括在内,就要使用包括性代词「咱」náng,否则就用「阮」uáng。其他南方方言如粤方言和客家方言的并没有如此区别。 </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>&#160; </td> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E6%95%B8_(%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95)" title="單數 (語法)">單數</a></th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E6%95%B0_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" class="mw-redirect" title="复数 (语法)">眾數</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%BA%E7%A8%B1" title="第一人稱">第一人稱</a> </th> <td rowspan="2">我 uá </td> <td rowspan="2">我 </td> <th>包括性 </th> <td>俺 náng </td> <td>咱們 </td></tr> <tr> <th>排除性 </th> <td>阮 uáng、úng 或ńg </td> <td>我們 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二人称">第二人稱</a> </th> <td>汝 lír </td> <td>你 </td> <td colspan="2">恁 níng </td> <td>你們 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%BA%E7%A8%B1" title="第三人稱">第三人稱</a> </th> <td>伊 i </td> <td>他/她/牠/它 </td> <td colspan="2">伊侬 i-nâng (𪜶 ing) </td> <td>他們/她們/牠們/它們 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>註:<b>排除性</b>的意思是不包括談話對方(正在聽話的人)在內的「我們」 </p><p>补充: </p><p>1.潮州話除了“伊儂”外,口語中還經常使用伊儂的合音「𪜶」,来表示「他們」。 </p><p>2.亦有潮州人使用「我儂」和「汝儂」,意為我們和你們。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="所有格代詞"><span id=".E6.89.80.E6.9C.89.E6.A0.BC.E4.BB.A3.E8.A9.9E"></span>所有格代詞</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="编辑章节:所有格代詞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>潮州話不區分所有格代詞和所有格形容詞。一般規則是人稱代詞加上“其”,便組成所有格代詞或形容詞,概說如下: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>&#160; </td> <th colspan="2">單數</th> <th colspan="3">眾數 </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">第一人稱 </th> <td rowspan="2">我其 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">uá kāi</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">我的 </td> <th>包括性 </th> <td>咱其 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">náng kāi</span> </td> <td>咱們的 </td></tr> <tr> <th>排除性 </th> <td>阮其 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">uáng kāi</span> </td> <td>我們的 </td></tr> <tr> <th>第二人稱 </th> <td>汝其 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">lṳ́ kāi</span> </td> <td>你的 </td> <td colspan="2">恁其 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">níng kāi</span> </td> <td>你們的 </td></tr> <tr> <th>第三人稱 </th> <td>伊其 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">i kāi</span> </td> <td>他的/她的/牠的/它的 </td> <td colspan="2">伊侬其 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">i-nâng kāi</span> </td> <td>他們的/她們的/牠們的/它們的 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>例句:本書是我其<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">púng tsṳ sǐ uá kāi</span>:這本書是我的。 </p><p>不過,有時“其”字也可以略去,例如當代詞後面是<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="量詞">量詞</a>,例如: </p><p>我<b>條</b>裙<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">uá tiâu kûng</span>(我的裙) </p><p>补充:有时所有格的"其"字也可以省略,例如:恁孥 níng nou、恁仔 níng kiáⁿ(你的兒子) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="指示代詞"><span id=".E6.8C.87.E7.A4.BA.E4.BB.A3.E8.A9.9E"></span>指示代詞</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="编辑章节:指示代詞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>潮州話的指示代詞分為指近和指遠,概說如下: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">&#160;</th> <th colspan="2">指近</th> <th colspan="2">指遠 </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">一般 </th> <th>單數 </th> <td>兹個 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tsí kāi</span> </td> <td>這個 </td> <td>許個 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">hír kāi</span> </td> <td>那個 </td></tr> <tr> <th>眾數 </th> <td>兹撮 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tsí tshoh</span> </td> <td>這些 </td> <td>許撮 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">hír tshoh</span> </td> <td>那些 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3" colspan="2">空間 </th> <td>兹塊 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tsí-kò</span> </td> <td>這裡 </td> <td>許塊 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">hír-kò</span> </td> <td>那裡 </td></tr> <tr> <td>兹內 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tsí-lǎi</span> </td> <td>這裡面 </td> <td>許內 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">hír-lǎi</span> </td> <td>那裡面 </td></tr> <tr> <td>兹口 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tsí-khāu</span> </td> <td>這外面 </td> <td>許口 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">hír-khāu</span> </td> <td>那外面 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">時間 </th> <td>兹當 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tsí-tǹg</span> </td> <td>最近 </td> <td rowspan="2">許陣/當/回 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">hír-tsûng/tǹg/huê</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">那時,那個時候 </td></tr> <tr> <td>兹陣/回 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tsí-tsûng/huê</span> </td> <td>現在 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">狀語 </th> <td>照生 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tsiò-senn</span> </td> <td>像這樣 </td> <td>遐生 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">hiá-senn</span> </td> <td>像那樣 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">程度 </th> <td>兹樣 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tsiònn</span> </td> <td>這麼 </td> <td>許樣 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">hiònn</span> </td> <td>那麼 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">類型 </th> <td>者個 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tsiá kāi</span> </td> <td>這種 </td> <td>夫個/許個 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">hiá kāi/hí kāi</span> </td> <td>那種 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="疑問代詞"><span id=".E7.96.91.E5.95.8F.E4.BB.A3.E8.A9.9E"></span>疑問代詞</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="编辑章节:疑問代詞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="3">誰 </th> <td>底𫢗 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ti tieŋ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>底個 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ti kai]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>底人 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ti naŋ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">什麼 </th> <td>乜個 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[miʔ kai]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">什麼(種類的)+ 名詞 </th> <td>乜 + 名詞 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[miʔ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">哪個 </th> <td>底 + 數詞 + 量詞 + (名詞)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ti]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">哪裡 </th> <td>底塊 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ti ko]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">何時 </th> <td>𫢗時 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[tieŋ si]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">怎樣</th> <th>做法 </th> <td>做呢 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[tso ni]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">狀態 </th> <td>在些(樣) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[tsai sẽ ĩẽ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>乜些樣 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[miʔ sẽ ĩẽ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>什乜樣 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[si miʔ ĩẽ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">多少(可數) </th> <td>幾 + 量詞 + 名詞 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[kui]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>若多 + (量詞) + (名詞)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[dzieʔ tsoi]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">多少(不可數) </th> <td>若多 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[dzieʔ tsoi]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">為什麼 </th> <td>做呢 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[tso ni]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="數詞"><span id=".E6.95.B8.E8.A9.9E"></span>數詞</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="编辑章节:數詞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>序數詞語跟<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="中文数字">現代標準漢語的</a>差不多。 </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>發音 </th> <th>大寫 </th> <th>小寫 </th> <th>數值 </th> <th>備注 </th></tr> <tr> <td>leŋ5</td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:零">零</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%80%87" class="extiw" title="wikt:〇">〇</a></td> <td>0 </td> <td align="left">“空”[kʰang3]表达相同意义。 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ik̚4/tsek̚8/ɪaʊ1</td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A3%B9" class="extiw" title="wikt:壹">壹</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80" class="extiw" title="wikt:一">一</a></td> <td>1 </td> <td align="left">也读為<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B3%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:泽">泽</a>[tsek̚8],“泽”、“一”在用法上有分工。<br />弌为未被接受的另一种大寫<br />幺[ɪaʊ1]表达相同意义。 </td></tr> <tr> <td>dzi6/no6</td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B2%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:貳">貳</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C" class="extiw" title="wikt:二">二</a></td> <td>2 </td> <td align="left">也读為<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%A4" class="extiw" title="wikt:两">两</a>[no6](本字),“两”、“二”在用法上有分工。<br />弍为未被接受的大寫 </td></tr> <tr> <td>sã1/sam1</td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8F%84" class="extiw" title="wikt:叄">叄</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:三">三</a></td> <td>3 </td> <td align="left">弎为未被接受的大寫<br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td>si3</td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%82%86" class="extiw" title="wikt:肆">肆</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B" class="extiw" title="wikt:四">四</a></td> <td>4 </td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <td>ŋou6</td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8D" class="extiw" title="wikt:伍">伍</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%94" class="extiw" title="wikt:五">五</a></td> <td>5 </td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <td>lak̚8/lok8</td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%99%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:陸">陸</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:六">六</a></td> <td>6 </td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <td>tsʰik̚4/tsʰek̚4</td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9F%92" class="extiw" title="wikt:柒">柒</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:七">七</a></td> <td>7 </td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <td>poiʔ4</td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%8D%8C" class="extiw" title="wikt:捌">捌</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB" class="extiw" title="wikt:八">八</a></td> <td>8 </td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <td>kau2/kiu2</td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%8E%96" class="extiw" title="wikt:玖">玖</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%9D" class="extiw" title="wikt:九">九</a></td> <td>9 </td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <td>tsap̚8/sip̚8</td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BE" class="extiw" title="wikt:拾">拾</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:十">十</a></td> <td>10 </td> <td align="left">“什”为未被接受的大寫,因為此字可以改成“伍”字 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>數字如作序數,其前面加上“第” [tõĩ6]。习惯上,“一”用作序数词,读作[ik̚4],“泽”用作基数词,读作[tsek̚8];“二”用作序数词,读作[dzi6],“兩”用作基数词,读作[no6]。大数不依此例。 </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="句法"><span id=".E5.8F.A5.E6.B3.95"></span>句法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="编辑章节:句法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="动词短语"><span id=".E5.8A.A8.E8.AF.8D.E7.9F.AD.E8.AF.AD"></span>动词短语</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="编辑章节:动词短语"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="语态"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E6.80.81"></span>语态</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="编辑章节:语态"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>潮州话的被动语态中,<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%BD%E4%BA%8B%E8%80%85%E7%9F%AD%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="施事者短语(页面不存在)">施事者短语</a>“给某人”必须讲明,并以<b>“乞”</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[kʰoiʔ4]</span>(一些人会读成 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[kʰɤʔ]</span>或<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[kʰiɤʔ]</span>,有地区读成<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[kʰeʔ]</span>)或<b>“分”</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[puŋ1]</span>作开端,即使这“某人”可能是不存在或不知是谁人。粵語也採用此句式,用「俾」表達。例如: </p> <ul><li>伊<b>分儂</b>刣掉。[i1 <b>puŋ</b>1 <b>naŋ</b>7 tʰai5 tiou7]</li></ul> <p>相對粵語:佢俾人殺咗。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E6%96%87" title="官話白話文">官話白话文</a>:他/她被(人給)殺了。 </p><p>按照白话文,我们可以单用施事者介绍词“被”或者“给”,而不提及施事者;但在潮州话,下面这句在文法上是错的: </p> <ul><li>個杯<b>分</b>敲掉。[kai5 pue1 puŋ1 kʰa1 tiou7]</li></ul> <p>白话文:杯子給打破了。 </p><p>应该说成: </p> <ul><li>個杯分儂敲掉。[kai5 pue1 puŋ1 naŋ7 kʰa1 tiou7]</li></ul> <p>相對粵語:個(隻)杯俾人打爛咗。 </p><p>白话文:杯子给人打破了。 </p><p>虽然不知谁人打破了杯子。 </p><p>施事者短语“分儂”[puŋ1 naŋ7]永远都紧随主语,并非句子之末,也不像一些如<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰语">荷兰语</a>的欧洲语言,在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A9%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E" title="助動詞">助动词</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E5%8E%BB%E5%88%86%E8%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="过去分词">过去分词</a>之间。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="疑问句"><span id=".E7.96.91.E9.97.AE.E5.8F.A5"></span>疑问句</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="编辑章节:疑问句"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一般疑问句多采用选择问的格式,原生语法没有是非问: </p> <ul><li>汝是毋是学生?[lɯ2 si6 m7 si6 hak8 seŋ1] / 汝是学生啊謎?[lɯ2 si6 hak8 seŋ1 a1 mi6]</li></ul> <p>白话文:你是不是学生/你是学生吗? </p><p>除非表达反诘语气: </p> <ul><li>汝是学生耶?[lɯ2 si6 hak8 seŋ1 e2](严格地说,潮州市区“耶”读低降调,与阴上调不同,可认为是语气助词读轻声)</li></ul> <p>白话文:你是学生啊?(表达难以置信的语气) </p><p>但近年受其他方言影响,在书面化的语境中,也可以出现是非问,即使用“主谓短语+语气助词”构成疑问句,语气助词借自普通话或广州话。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="比較句"><span id=".E6.AF.94.E8.BC.83.E5.8F.A5"></span>比較句</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="编辑章节:比較句"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="兩個或以上名詞"><span id=".E5.85.A9.E5.80.8B.E6.88.96.E4.BB.A5.E4.B8.8A.E5.90.8D.E8.A9.9E"></span>兩個或以上名詞</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="编辑章节:兩個或以上名詞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>潮州話的比較句結構是“X + 形容詞 + 過[kue3] + Y”,被認為源自<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="中古汉语">中古漢語</a>的“X + 形容詞 + 於 + Y”結構: </p> <ul><li>伊雅過汝。[i1 ŋia2 kue3 lɯ2]</li></ul> <p>白話文:他/她比你漂亮。 </p><p>粵語使用同樣的結構: </p> <ul><li>佢靚過你。[kʰœy5 leŋ3 kʷɔ3 nei5]</li></ul> <p>白話文:她/他比你漂亮。 </p><p>然而,由於普通話影響力愈來愈大,其結構“X比Y + 形容詞”影響潮州話。於是,以上的例句可以變成: </p> <ul><li>伊比汝雅。[i1 pi2 lɯ2 ŋia2]</li></ul> <p>白話文:他/她比你漂亮。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="只有一個名詞"><span id=".E5.8F.AA.E6.9C.89.E4.B8.80.E5.80.8B.E5.90.8D.E8.A9.9E"></span>只有一個名詞</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="编辑章节:只有一個名詞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>包含“過”或“比”的結構,都需要兩個或更多的名詞以作比較。如果只提及一個名詞,就會組成殘缺的句子: </p> <ul><li>伊雅過(?)。</li></ul> <p>在此情況,需要使用“夭”,或者“愈”的結構: </p> <ul><li>伊夭雅。[i1 iou6 ŋia2]</li> <li>伊愈雅。[i1 zu6 ŋia2]</li></ul> <p>普通話和粵語的情況都一樣。只提及一個用來比較的名詞時,需要轉用另一種句式。潮州話和普通話都使用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E4%BF%AE%E9%A3%BE%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="前修飾語(页面不存在)">前修飾語</a>(形容詞前),而粵語則使用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%8C%E4%BF%AE%E9%A3%BE%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="後修飾語(页面不存在)">後修飾語</a>(形容詞後): </p> <ul><li>普通話:她<b>比較</b>漂亮</li> <li>粵語:佢靚<b>啲</b>[kʰœy5 leŋ3 ti1]</li></ul> <p>潮州話中,有兩個字本身有比較的意思,就是“贏”[ĩã5]和“輸”[su1]。它們可以獨立使用,或者加上“過”字: </p> <ul><li>这領裙輸(過)許領。[tsi2 nĩã2 kuŋ5 su1 kue3 hɯ2 nĩã2]</li></ul> <p>白話文:這條裙子不夠那條好。 </p> <ul><li>我內個電腦贏伊個好多。[ua2 lai6 kai7 tieŋ6 nau2 ĩã5 i1 kai7 hoʔ2 tsoi7]</li></ul> <p>白話文:我(家裡)那部電腦比這部好很多。 </p><p>如果表示更大的程度差別,可以在句末使用狀語“好多”[hoʔ2 tsoi7]。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="相等"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E7.AD.89"></span>相等</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="编辑章节:相等"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>潮州話中,“平”[pẽ5]或者“平樣”[pẽ5 ĩẽ7]用來表達相等的概念: </p> <ul><li>只本書佮許本平(樣)重。[tsi2 puŋ2 tsɯ1 kaʔ4 hɯ2 puŋ2 pẽ5 taŋ6]</li></ul> <p>白話文:這本書和那本書一樣重。 </p> <ul><li>伊兩儂平平樣。[i1 no6 naŋ5 pẽ5 pẽ5 ĩẽ7]</li></ul> <p>白話文:他們都一樣(他們長相一樣/他們一樣那麼好/壞)。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="最級"><span id=".E6.9C.80.E7.B4.9A"></span>最級</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32" title="编辑章节:最級"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>潮州話以副詞“上”[siaŋ5]或“上頂”[siaŋ5 teŋ2]表示最級。而且,“上頂”通常帶有褒義: </p> <ul><li>只間物上頂好食。[tsi2 kõĩ1 mueʔ8 siaŋ5 teŋ2 ho2 tsiaʔ8]</li></ul> <p>白話文:這間(餐廳)(的東西)是最好吃的。 </p> <ul><li>伊儂對我上好。[i1 naŋ5 tui3 ua2 siaŋ5 ho2]</li></ul> <p>白話文:他們對我最好。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="词汇"><span id=".E8.AF.8D.E6.B1.87"></span>词汇</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33" title="编辑章节:词汇"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>潮州话的词汇与粤语有甚多相似之处,因为两者交流频繁。正如粤语,潮州话有很多<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82" title="音节">单音节</a>的词语,隐约反映出其历史之悠久,因为单音节在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="中古汉语">中古汉语</a>十分普遍。然而,自现代标准汉语规范化以来,潮州话吸收了很多普通话词汇,多数是多音节的。而且,由于很多潮州人移居东南亚,潮州话加入了不少来自<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="马来语">马来语</a>的词汇。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="古老词汇"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E8.80.81.E8.AF.8D.E6.B1.87"></span>古老词汇</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34" title="编辑章节:古老词汇"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>潮州話保留不少古代漢語詞彙,許多用詞亦與其他閩南語方言(如<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A9%B1" title="臺灣話">臺灣話</a>)相同。例如 「目」<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[mak]</span>(眼睛;臺灣話:目/ba̍k)、 「灱」<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ta]</span>(乾;臺灣話:焦/ta)、「走仔」(女兒;臺灣話:查某仔)、「囥」<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[kʰɤŋ]</span>(藏;臺灣話:囥/khǹg)等。 </p><p>潮州話中运用古语词的例子还有:洗浴(洗澡)、箸(筷子)、伊(他、她)、雅(漂亮)、衫(衣服)、鼎(鍋)等等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="外语词汇"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E8.AF.AD.E8.AF.8D.E6.B1.87"></span>外语词汇</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35" title="编辑章节:外语词汇"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>除了马来语,海外地区的潮州话也借用了<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>词汇,这些词汇中有部分还曾随华侨回国交流而传回,但目前这些外语借词在国内已經較少用。 </p><p><b>马来语</b>: </p> <ul><li>馬打 [mata] <span lang="ms">mata-mata</span>:警察</li> <li>巴剎 [pasar] <span lang="ms">pasar</span>:市场</li> <li>咕哩 [kuli] <span lang="ms">kuli</span>:苦力(實為音意兼譯之源於英語<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/coolie" class="extiw" title="wikt:coolie">coolie</a>一字)</li> <li>嘛哪 [mana] <span lang="ms">mana</span> wu chia?:<b>哪儿</b>有车?</li> <li>朱律 [tsu luk],雪茄,马来语cherut的借音词。</li> <li>动角 [dong kak],手杖,借自马来语tongkat.</li> <li>五脚砌 [ngo ka ki],马来语叫kaki lima,lima是数词“5”,kaki(马来语本意是“脚”)在这里是指量词“英尺”(英语:feet,本意也是“脚”的复数)。新马城镇临街骑楼下面的人行道,宽度为5英尺,故马来语称之为kaki lima。近代潮汕等地的城镇出现西式街区,也和新马一样在临街骑楼下设人行道,以方便行人遮阳避雨,并借用了马来语的称呼,lima义译为“五”,kaki半音译半义译为“脚基”。</li> <li>多隆 [to long],借用马来语tolong,有两种意思,一是请求帮忙、照顾,一是请求宽恕、开恩。</li> <li>松芒 [song mong],骄傲、忘乎所以,借自马来语sombong,音稍变</li></ul> <p><br /> <b>泰语</b>: </p> <ul><li>角毕(也作“䇶筚”) [kak bik],皮箱,借自泰语,角是皮革的意思,毕是箱的意思。</li> <li>康霜 [k'ang seng],冷冻。康是关禁的意思,借自泰语。潮州人称冰为霜。这个词是泰国的潮州人造出来的,或者是澄海音的“冚霜”或“盖霜”(kam3 seng1;澄海读作kang3 seng1;意为“覆盖上冰块”,为海上冰冻渔获的常用方式,而海外潮州渔民多为澄海人),又传入潮州本土。关进冷冻房里冰过的鱼肉,在潮州話里叫做康霜鱼、康霜肉。</li></ul> <p><br /> <b>英语</b>: </p> <ul><li>目頭 [mak tʰau] <span lang="en">mark</span>:商标</li> <li>基羅 [ki lo] <span lang="en">kilogramme</span>:公斤</li> <li>巴仙 [pa sieŋ] <span lang="en">percent</span>:百分比</li> <li>咯离 [lo li] <span lang="en">lorry</span>:罗里/<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="卡車">卡车</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="書寫系統"><span id=".E6.9B.B8.E5.AF.AB.E7.B3.BB.E7.B5.B1"></span>書寫系統</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36" title="编辑章节:書寫系統"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="漢字"><span id=".E6.BC.A2.E5.AD.97"></span>漢字</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=37" title="编辑章节:漢字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>大部分潮州話的字都可以寫成漢字。大部分汉字也可以用潮州话朗读。但如同<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤语</a>等语言,按照文本逐字阅读并不符合语言习惯。例如表示口渴,字面读是“口渴”(kao2 guah4)但口语常说“喉乾”(ao5 da1)。故当人们用潮州话读这种白话文的时候,按照场合和要求不同,有时逐字标准读出,有时朗读者会习惯上根据潮州话语法、词汇及用语调整字面文句,用潮州话复述出来。 </p><p>然而,小部分的獨特詞彙沒有標準字,原因有數。潮州話詞彙傾向古老,在日常中文比較罕見;有關漢語方言拼寫的研究比較少,不如傳統中文語文學的其他範疇。而且,一些潮州話獨有的字,其實可能並沒有字。由于沒有標準字,民众有三种方式解决写字问题:借用<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AF%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%97#別字" title="錯別字">别字</a>,生造新字,同音替代。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="训读"><span id=".E8.AE.AD.E8.AF.BB"></span>训读</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=38" title="编辑章节:训读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>借用意义相近的别字,久而久之就变成约定俗成,于是被借的汉字获得了新的读音,这新的读音就是被借汉字的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AD%E8%AF%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="训读">训读</a>音,比如:黑色通常读做[ou1 sek4]而非[hek4 sek4],其实就是借用“黑”字记录“乌”的意思,并把“黑”[hek4]训读做“乌”[ou1],“黑”字只有在近年的新词中才会读做[hek4]。前述的“喉乾”[au5 ta1]也是训读,“乾”文读做[kan1],白读做[kuã],但表达「乾」的原字应为“灱”(ta1,普通话读作xiāo),只是借用“乾”字记录。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="生造新字"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E9.80.A0.E6.96.B0.E5.AD.97"></span>生造新字</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=39" title="编辑章节:生造新字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>生造新字的办法,通常是用<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%81%B2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="形聲字">形声字</a>的原理,先找出发音相同或接近的通用汉字作为声旁,再加上形旁,也有极少数是生造的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%83%E6%84%8F%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="會意字">会意字</a>。例如“有无”的“有”字,“月”下面去掉两横(冇)和去掉一横都有一字且意义相反。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="同音字的互用"><span id=".E5.90.8C.E9.9F.B3.E5.AD.97.E7.9A.84.E4.BA.92.E7.94.A8"></span>同音字的互用</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=40" title="编辑章节:同音字的互用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>这种书写方式在新一辈受过良好普通话教育但缺乏母语教育的青少年中较为流行,是一种标新立异的办法,在一定程度上也可以看作是“生造新字”办法的简化。因为受标准化系统,主要是计算机系统的限制,生造新字可操作性很差,某些人在并不严肃的场合干脆用发音相同或接近的通用汉字记音。当然,以前也有这种偷懒的办法,而且久而久之也会变成约定俗成。比如,作为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%8A%A9%E8%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="结构助词">结构助词</a>的“个”[kai5],表示修饰、所有等含义,其本字是“其”,这在《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E4%B9%A6_(%E4%B9%A6)" title="尚书 (书)">尚书</a>》中可以看到起源:“朕其弟”(我的弟弟),与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="汉藏语系">汉藏语系</a>中其他古老的语言如<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="藏语">藏语</a>可以对应,与汉语在南方的各种方言如广州话、苏州话有相同用法和相近读音,也可以按照<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-disambig" title="音韵学">音韵学</a>论证其读音的演变(“其”与“驶”,“使”,“狸”同韵),不过可能因为“其”文读音[ki5]更为流行,且在汉语<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="文言">文言</a>中另有高雅用法,民众选用了“个”记录这个结构助词。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="潮語白話字"><span id=".E6.BD.AE.E8.AA.9E.E7.99.BD.E8.A9.B1.E5.AD.97"></span>潮語白話字</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=41" title="编辑章节:潮語白話字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E8%AF%AD%E7%99%BD%E8%AF%9D%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="潮语白话字">潮語白話字</a></div> <p>19世紀中葉,隨著<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%95%E9%A0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="汕頭">汕頭</a>被開放為通商口岸,大量<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>傳教士來到潮地傳教。為了便於傳教,這些傳教士必須學習和表記潮州話,他們便發明了一種叫「<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E8%AF%AD%E7%99%BD%E8%AF%9D%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="潮语白话字">白話字</a>」(Pe̍h-uē-jī)的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" title="教會羅馬字">教會羅馬字</a>來表記汕頭話。此白話字與閩南語<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E6%BC%B3%E7%89%87" title="泉漳片">泉漳片</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="白話字">白話字</a>外形比較相似,但在表記方式等方面存在著諸多差異。1876年,用汕頭土白寫成的《<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%8A%A0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="路加福音">路加福音</a>》出版刊行,這也是第一次用汕頭土腔羅馬字出版的《聖經》,此後,又用汕頭土白先後出版了《<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="創世紀">創世紀</a>》、《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E6%8B%BF%E8%A8%98&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="約拿記(页面不存在)">約拿記</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E6%9B%B8" title="雅各書">雅各書</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%A4%AA%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="馬太福音">馬太福音</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92%E8%A1%8C%E5%82%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="使徒行傳">使徒行傳</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="馬可福音">馬可福音</a>》等聖經的章節,為基督教在潮地的發展做出了巨大貢獻。此套白話字系統後來也被用來表記潮州話。1915年,潮州土白的《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="新約聖經">新約聖經</a>》出版刊行。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="潮州話拼音方案"><span id=".E6.BD.AE.E5.B7.9E.E8.A9.B1.E6.8B.BC.E9.9F.B3.E6.96.B9.E6.A1.88"></span>潮州話拼音方案</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=42" title="编辑章节:潮州話拼音方案"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="潮州話拼音方案">潮州話拼音方案</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="廣東省">廣東省</a>教育部門在1960年推出《<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="潮州話拼音方案">潮州話拼音方案</a>》,做了潮州話羅馬化,以便利語言學研究和字典出版。方案以<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%95%E9%A0%AD%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="汕頭市">汕頭市</a>的潮州話語音為基礎,以拉丁字母拼寫語音,聲調以上標數字顯示。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="对潮州话的研究"><span id=".E5.AF.B9.E6.BD.AE.E5.B7.9E.E8.AF.9D.E7.9A.84.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>对潮州话的研究</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=43" title="编辑章节:对潮州话的研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>潮州话是<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="闽语">闽语</a>各分支中较早被研究的一种方言。19世纪中叶,随着<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%95%E5%A4%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="汕头">汕头</a>被开放为<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%95%86%E5%8F%A3%E5%B2%B8" title="通商口岸">通商口岸</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>传教士纷至沓来。他们学习潮州话,并创造了<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E8%AF%AD%E7%99%BD%E8%AF%9D%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="潮语白话字">潮语白话字</a>、编写了潮州话词典。清末民初,有潮州人参照<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="闽南语">闽南语</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E6%BC%B3%E7%89%87" title="泉漳片">泉漳片</a>韵书,相继编写了《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%A3%B0%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E9%9F%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="潮声十五音(页面不存在)">潮声十五音</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BB%E6%9C%A8%E7%9F%A5%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="击木知音">击木知音</a>》(又名《汇集雅俗十五音全本》)、《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E8%AF%AD%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E9%9F%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="潮语十五音(页面不存在)">潮语十五音</a>》等等潮州话韵书。近年来,越来越多海内外学者开始研究潮州话。潮州话有自己的《潮州方言字典》,并且有不少研究论著。<sup id="cite_ref-chaozhouhua_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chaozhouhua-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="流行文化"><span id=".E6.B5.81.E8.A1.8C.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>流行文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=44" title="编辑章节:流行文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>虽然目前潮州话面临传承危机,但是也出现用潮州话创作的流行文化作品。流行歌曲方面,有“六甲番乐队”、“野草寮乐队”、“玩具船长乐队”(南澳方言)、音乐人王以诺等,编创潮州话摇滚歌曲、民谣、电音等等。电影方面,在20世纪中叶起涌现不少潮剧电影,而后在20世纪末衰落。近年来也出现以潮汕为主题且用潮州话为主要语言的电影作品,主要是短片(学生作品或实验性作品),一部分长片及数部院线电影,有潮汕电影创作人的组织“观潮KwanTeo”。甚至出现了“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.douban.com/doulist/122039807/">潮汕电影新浪潮</a>”的说法,代表性的作品如剧情片《之后的一周》(提名first青年影展)、短片《夏日句点》(柏林电影节最佳短片特别奖)、自然纪录片《野性潮州》(有潮州话旁白版)、动画电影《陈小姐的森林》(法国潮州裔导演作品)等。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=45" title="编辑章节:注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/teoc1236">潮州话</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog 2.7</a>. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;rft.atitle=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;rft.au=Bank%2C+Sebastian&amp;rft.au=Forkel%2C+Robert&amp;rft.au=Haspelmath%2C+Martin&amp;rft.aufirst=Harald&amp;rft.aulast=Hammarstr%C3%B6m&amp;rft.btitle=Glottolog+2.7&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.place=Jena&amp;rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Human+History&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Fteoc1236&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/chao1238">潮州话</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog 2.7</a>. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;rft.atitle=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;rft.au=Bank%2C+Sebastian&amp;rft.au=Forkel%2C+Robert&amp;rft.au=Haspelmath%2C+Martin&amp;rft.aufirst=Harald&amp;rft.aulast=Hammarstr%C3%B6m&amp;rft.btitle=Glottolog+2.7&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.place=Jena&amp;rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Human+History&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Fchao1238&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog3_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/chao1241">潮州话</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog 2.7</a>. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;rft.atitle=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;rft.au=Bank%2C+Sebastian&amp;rft.au=Forkel%2C+Robert&amp;rft.au=Haspelmath%2C+Martin&amp;rft.aufirst=Harald&amp;rft.aulast=Hammarstr%C3%B6m&amp;rft.btitle=Glottolog+2.7&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.place=Jena&amp;rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Human+History&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Fchao1241&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog4-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog4_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/chao1239">潮州话</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog 2.7</a>. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;rft.atitle=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;rft.au=Bank%2C+Sebastian&amp;rft.au=Forkel%2C+Robert&amp;rft.au=Haspelmath%2C+Martin&amp;rft.aufirst=Harald&amp;rft.aulast=Hammarstr%C3%B6m&amp;rft.btitle=Glottolog+2.7&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.place=Jena&amp;rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Human+History&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Fchao1239&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-李新魁1994-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-李新魁1994_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">李新魁. 广东的方言. 广东人民出版社. 1994-10. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787218009605" title="Special:网络书源/9787218009605"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9787218009605</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%B0%E9%AD%81&amp;rft.btitle=%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&amp;rft.date=1994-10&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9787218009605&amp;rft.pub=%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chaozhouhua-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chaozhouhua_6-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chaozhouhua_6-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chaozhouhua_6-2"><sup><b>6.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dfz.gd.gov.cn/dfz/f/book/viewer?keywords=,%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82%E5%BF%97%E4%B8%8B&amp;bookId=31725c5d797148ac9b0432c8aabd0deb&amp;file=/dfz/book/31725c5d797148ac9b0432c8aabd0deb/0.pdf&amp;bookName=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82%E5%BF%97%E4%B8%8B&amp;snTopicCode=undefined&amp;pubDate=1633659508000">《潮州市志下冊·第三十二篇 民俗 方言·第二章 潮州方言》</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-10-18</span>&#93;</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220614222252/http://www.twlls.org.tw/jtll/documents/5.1-8.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2022-06-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;rft.atitle=%E7%B2%B5%E6%9D%B1%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E7%89%87%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%83%E5%88%86&amp;rft.au=%E6%BD%98%E5%AE%B6%E6%87%BF&amp;rft.au=%E9%84%AD%E5%AE%88%E6%B2%BB&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&amp;rft.pages=145-165&amp;rft.volume=5&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twlls.org.tw%2Fjtll%2Fdocuments%2F5.1-8.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;access-date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-林字典-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-林字典_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">林伦伦. 新编潮州音字典. 汕头: 汕头大学出版社. 1995.8: 559–562. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7-81036-074-4" title="Special:网络书源/7-81036-074-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;7-81036-074-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;rft.au=%E6%9E%97%E4%BC%A6%E4%BC%A6&amp;rft.btitle=%E6%96%B0%E7%BC%96%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=7-81036-074-4&amp;rft.pages=559-562&amp;rft.place=%E6%B1%95%E5%A4%B4&amp;rft.pub=%E6%B1%95%E5%A4%B4%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fangan-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fangan_11-0"><sup><b>11.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fangan_11-1"><sup><b>11.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fangan_11-2"><sup><b>11.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Dylan W.H. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240828120427/https://opinion.southcn.com/node_55f52daf4f/eb156ff49b.shtml">存档</a>于2024-08-28).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;rft.atitle=%E5%A3%B0%E7%8C%9B%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%EF%BD%9C+%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E5%87%A0%E5%B9%B4%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%95%E4%BA%BA%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B%E6%89%8E%E5%A0%86%E6%90%9E%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%EF%BC%9F&amp;rft.au=%E5%A4%8F%E9%98%BF%E6%80%AA&amp;rft.date=2023-11&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E7%BD%91&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopinion.southcn.com%2Fnode_55f52daf4f%2Feb156ff49b.shtml&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">栗子. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/n3vPdwDC4HFMC7RHEMNj4Q">或许你知道潮汕电影新浪潮吗?</a>. BIE别的. BIE别的. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2024-08-28</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240828120424/https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/n3vPdwDC4HFMC7RHEMNj4Q">存档</a>于2024-08-28).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;rft.atitle=%E6%88%96%E8%AE%B8%E4%BD%A0%E7%9F%A5%E9%81%93%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%95%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E6%96%B0%E6%B5%AA%E6%BD%AE%E5%90%97%EF%BC%9F&amp;rft.au=%E6%A0%97%E5%AD%90&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BIE%E5%88%AB%E7%9A%84&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmp.weixin.qq.com%2Fs%2Fn3vPdwDC4HFMC7RHEMNj4Q&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考书目"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E4.B9.A6.E7.9B.AE"></span>参考书目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=46" title="编辑章节:参考书目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li>北京大學中國語言文學系語言學教研室。漢語方言字匯。北京:語文出版社,2003。<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7801840348" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 7-80184-034-8</a>。</li> <li>蔡俊明。普通話對照:潮州方言詞匯。香港:香港中文大學吳多泰中國語文研究中心,1991。<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9627330027" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 962-7330-02-7</a>。</li> <li><span lang="en">Chappell, Hilary (ed.) (2001). <i>Sinitic grammar&#160;: synchronic and diachronic perspectives</i>. Oxford; New York: OUP <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/019829977X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-829977-X</a></span></li> <li><span lang="en">Chen, Matthew Y. (2000). <i>Tone Sandhi&#160;: patterns across Chinese dialects</i>. Cambridge, England: CUP <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0521652723" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-65272-3</a></span></li> <li><span lang="en">DeFrancis, John. (1984). <i>The Chinese language: fact and fantasy</i>. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0824810686" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8248-1068-6</a></span></li> <li>李新魁。广东的方言。广州:广东人民出版社,1994。<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7218009603" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 7-218-00960-3</a>。</li> <li>李永明。潮州方言。北京:中华书店,1959年。</li> <li>林倫倫。新編潮州音字典。汕頭:汕頭大學出版社,1997年。<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7810361899" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 7-81036-189-9</a>。</li> <li><span lang="en">Norman, Jerry. [1988] (2002). <i>Chinese</i>. Cambridge, England: CUP <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0521296536" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-29653-6</a></span></li> <li><span lang="en">Ramsey, S. Robert (1986). <i>Languages of China</i>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0691066949" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-691-06694-9</a></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參閲"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E9.96.B2"></span>參閲</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;section=47" title="编辑章节:參閲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; 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cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation AV media">楊恩浩(製片人). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qfy-H54i0r8">鳳凰枕頭粽</a>. 香港: 潮商衞视. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2021-10-21</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211027095654/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&amp;v=Qfy-H54i0r8">存档</a>于2021-10-27) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到潮州話网页">(潮州話)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;rft.btitle=%E9%B3%B3%E5%87%B0%E6%9E%95%E9%A0%AD%E7%B2%BD&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.place=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF&amp;rft.pub=%E6%BD%AE%E5%95%86%E8%A1%9E%E8%A7%86&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DQfy-H54i0r8&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护:未识别语文类型 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%AA%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B" title="Category:引文格式1维护:未识别语文类型">link</a>)</span>:保留齒齦音/-n/、/-t/的鳳凰鎮潮州話。</li></ul> </div> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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title="斯跃武话(页面不存在)">斯跃武话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%83%AD%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄热话(页面不存在)">俄热话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E5%B0%94%E5%AE%97%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="木尔宗话(页面不存在)">木尔宗话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%82%E9%9F%B3%E6%A1%A5%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="观音桥话(页面不存在)">观音桥话</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="西夏语">西夏语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="南语">南语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8C%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="羌语支">羌语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" 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title="彝语东部方言">纳苏语</a> <ul><li>烏撒納蘇語</li> <li>烏蒙納蘇語</li> <li>水西納蘇語</li> <li>芒部納蘇語</li> <li>武祿彝語</li> <li>盘县彝語</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="阿罗语">阿罗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%A8%E9%A2%87%E8%AF%AD" title="峨颇语">葛泼语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%A8%E9%A2%87%E8%AF%AD" title="峨颇语">峨颇语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%9D%E8%AF%AD%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="彝语东部方言">阿夷子語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%BC%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="古泼語(页面不存在)">古泼語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AA%9D%E6%99%AE%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="窝普語(页面不存在)">窝普語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%9C%E9%93%BA%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="果铺語(页面不存在)">果铺語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%85%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="涅苏语(页面不存在)">涅苏语</a></li> 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style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AE%E5%80%AE%E6%B3%BC%E5%9C%9F%E8%AF%AD" title="倮倮泼土语">倮倮泼语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%BC%E8%92%B2%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="厄尼蒲语(页面不存在)">厄尼蒲语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AA%82%E6%B1%A0%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="骂池語(页面不存在)">骂池語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8C%E5%A4%B7%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="羌夷語(页面不存在)">羌夷語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%A5%E4%BA%91%E5%9C%9F%E8%8B%8F%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="祥云土苏語(页面不存在)">祥云土苏語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B9%B3%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%81%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="金平土老话(页面不存在)">金平土老话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%99%E5%A0%82%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="香堂語(页面不存在)">香堂語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%97%E6%9C%9F%E9%BA%BB%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="洗期麻语(页面不存在)">洗期麻语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AA%9D%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%90%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="窝地佐语(页面不存在)">窝地佐语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="勒苏语">勒苏语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="山苏语">山苏语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%9B%E8%8B%8F%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="葛苏語(页面不存在)">葛苏語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%B3%BC%E5%9C%9F%E8%AF%AD" title="里泼土语">里泼语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E5%80%AE%E5%80%AE%E6%B3%BC%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="南倮倮泼语(页面不存在)">南倮倮泼语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%9D%E8%AF%AD%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="彝语西部方言">彝语西部方言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%9D%E8%AF%AD%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="彝语西部方言">腊罗语</a> <ul><li>东山坝腊罗语</li> <li>西山坝腊罗语</li> <li>东腊罗语</li> <li>西腊罗语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%9D%E8%AF%AD%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="彝语西部方言">腊鲁语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E6%9F%B3%E8%AF%9D" title="杨柳话">杨柳话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E5%96%80%E8%AF%AD" title="额喀语">额喀语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%92%E5%BA%95%E8%AF%AD" title="芒底语">芒底语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E6%8E%8C%E8%AF%9D" title="徐掌话">徐掌话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%B2%81%E8%AF%AD" title="阿鲁语">阿鲁语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%A9%AC%E5%A0%B5%E8%AF%AD" title="撒马堵语">撒马堵语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%B9%E7%A7%AF%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="改积语(页面不存在)">改积语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%94%B9%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="西改苏语(页面不存在)">西改苏语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%91%9B%E6%B3%BC%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="西葛泼语(页面不存在)">西葛泼语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%92%92%E9%A9%AC%E5%A0%B5%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="西撒马堵语(页面不存在)">西撒马堵语</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A3%9A%E5%AD%90%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="棚子语(页面不存在)">棚子语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%9C%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="蒜语(页面不存在)">蒜语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%96%E9%B2%81%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="他鲁语群">他鲁语群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%96%E9%B2%81%E8%AF%AD" title="他鲁语">他鲁语</a>(他留语)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E5%92%B1%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="纳咱语(页面不存在)">纳咱语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%83%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="拉烏語">拉烏語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%80%E5%B3%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="崀峨语">崀峨语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="塔古语">塔古语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%B0%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="水田語(页面不存在)">水田語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BC%E4%BD%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="泼佩语">泼佩语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E8%8B%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="纳若语">纳若語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E5%84%92%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="纳儒語(页面不存在)">纳儒語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="支里語(页面不存在)">支里語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%9D" title="跨恩斯话">跨恩斯话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E7%8E%9B%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%9D" title="跨玛斯话">跨玛斯话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%85%B9%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%9D" title="莱兹斯话">莱兹斯话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E9%80%8B%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%9D" title="子逋斯话">子逋斯话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%81%E5%86%85%E5%98%8E%E8%AF%9D" title="锁内嘎话">锁内嘎话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%9B%E6%9F%94%E8%AF%9D" title="俄毛柔话">俄毛柔话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E9%98%BF%E4%B9%8C%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="北阿乌語(页面不存在)">北阿乌語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%8C%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="里乌語(页面不存在)">里乌語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="塔尔语(页面不存在)">塔尔语</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E5%BE%97%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="六得語(页面不存在)">六得語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%96%E5%BF%97%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="他志语(页面不存在)">他志语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="哈尼语支">哈尼语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>哈尼-阿卡方言 <ul><li>哈尼语群 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="哈尼语">哈尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%AF%E7%BE%8E%E8%AF%AD" title="糯美语">糯美语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%AF%E6%AF%94%E8%AF%AD" title="糯比语">糯比语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%8A%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%AD" title="腊米语">腊米语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%BC%85%E8%AF%AD" title="罗缅语">罗缅语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%82%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="昂罗语">昂罗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E5%90%88%E8%AF%AD" title="郭合语">郭合语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E4%BD%9C%E8%AF%AD" title="果作语">果作语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%B4%BB%E8%AF%AD" title="格活语">格活语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%95%E8%BD%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="奕车语">奕车语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9F%E5%BC%9F%E8%AF%AD" title="期弟语">期弟语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%88%AB%E8%AF%AD" title="卡别语">卡别语</a></li></ul></li> <li>雅尼语群 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="阿卡语">阿卡语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="切皮亚语">切皮亚语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%90%9E%E8%AF%AD" title="木吞语">木吞语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="木达语">木达语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8C%9B%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="猛語(页面不存在)">猛語</a></li></ul></li> <li>豪白语群 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AA%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="豪尼语">豪尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%9D%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="窝尼语">窝尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%AE%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="白宏语">白宏语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%AD%94%E8%AF%AD" title="布孔语">布孔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="布都语">布都语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%AD%E6%AF%94%E8%AF%AD" title="梭比语">梭比语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="多尼语">多尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%A1%94%E8%AF%AD" title="多塔语">多塔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A2%AD%E8%AF%AD" title="阿梭语">阿梭语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9C%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="阿木语">阿母语</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>碧卡方言 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%A7%E7%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="碧约语">碧约语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="西摩洛语">峨努语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="卡多语">卡多语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="西拉语群">西拉语群</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%93%E6%A2%AD%E8%AF%AD" title="搓梭语">搓梭语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E9%82%A3%E8%AF%AD" title="帕那语">帕那语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="阿克语">阿克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%BE%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="勾克语">勾克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="西拉语">西拉语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="基尔语">基尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%9C%AD%E8%AF%AD" title="帕札语">帕札语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%A5%87%E8%AF%AD" title="木奇语">木奇语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B2%81%E7%8E%9B%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="鲁玛语(页面不存在)">鲁玛语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="普拉语">帕拉语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="西达语(页面不存在)">西达语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="毕苏语群">毕苏语群</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BB%84" class="mw-redirect" title="毕苏语组">毕苏语组</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="毕苏语">毕苏语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%AE%E5%B8%95%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="淮帕语(页面不存在)">淮帕语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E8%80%83%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="达考语(页面不存在)">达考语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="毕苏语">老缅语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%93%81%E8%AF%AD" title="老品语">老品语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%87%E8%AF%AD_(%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4)" title="片语 (毕苏语群)">片语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%BD%98%E8%AF%AD" title="老潘语">老潘语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="毕苏语群">兴萨里语组</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%86%85%E8%AF%AD" title="普内语">普内语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B4%E8%90%A8%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="兴萨里语">兴萨里语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="尖坦语">尖坦语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E7%9B%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="老盛语">老盛语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AC%E5%BA%93%E8%AF%AD" title="蓬库语">蓬库语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AC%E5%A1%9E%E8%AF%AD" title="蓬塞语">蓬塞语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E5%B0%A7%E8%AF%AD" title="彭尧语">彭尧语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="毕苏语群">贡语组</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A1%E8%AF%AD_(%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97)" title="贡语 (越南)">贡语</a> <ul><li>金贡语</li> <li>银贡语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E5%AD%94%E8%AF%AD" title="桑孔语">桑孔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%AD%94%E8%AF%AD" title="楚孔语">楚孔语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E9%9C%8D%E8%AF%AD" title="焦霍语">焦霍语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%A1%98%E8%AF%AD" title="班塘语">班塘语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E6%92%92%E8%AF%AD" title="孔撒语">孔撒语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%A4%87%E8%AF%AD" title="哈备语">哈备语</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid grey; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%86%E6%AF%95%E8%AF%AD" title="姆毕语">姆毕语</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%AB%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="基諾語">基諾語</a> <ul><li>攸乐基諾語</li> <li>补远基諾語</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他彝语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E8%BE%BE%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="三达語(页面不存在)">三达語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E5%A4%B4%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="达头语(页面不存在)">达头语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%AC%A1%E5%98%8E%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="阿次嘎语(页面不存在)">阿次嘎语</a></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%8E%E4%BE%9D%E9%A2%87%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="扎依颇语(页面不存在)">扎依颇语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%AD%90%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="曼子语支">曼子语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%8E%E8%8B%8F%E8%AF%9D" title="嘎苏话">嘎苏话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%8F%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="透语(页面不存在)">透语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%AD%90%E8%AF%AD" title="曼子语">曼子语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E8%80%86%E8%AF%AD" title="模耆语">模耆语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E6%9C%9F%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="莫期语(页面不存在)">莫期语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AB%E6%98%82%E8%AF%AD" title="末昂语">末昂语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%B0%E6%B6%A1%E8%AF%AD_(%E9%BA%BB%E5%B3%A8)" title="估涡语 (麻峨)">估涡语 (麻峨)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%B0%E6%B6%A1%E8%AF%AD_(%E9%BA%BB%E9%98%BF)" title="估涡语 (麻阿)">估涡语 (麻阿)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%99%97%E8%AF%AD" title="孟噗语">孟噗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%A0%87%E5%BD%9D%E8%AF%AD" title="普标彝语">普标彝语</a>(麻榭)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%8F%B5%E4%BF%96%E8%AF%AD" title="䏵俖语">䏵俖语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%9B%E9%83%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="矛部语">矛部语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%AD" title="老本语">老本语</a>(莫当)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="緬語支">緬語支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BD%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="载瓦语">载瓦语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%98%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="阿昌语">阿昌语</a> <ul><li>陇川话</li> <li>梁河话</li> <li>潞西话</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E9%80%9F%E8%AF%AD" title="浪速语">浪速语</a> <ul><li>干诺话</li> <li>塔咯话</li> <li>拉钦话</li> <li>浪苏话</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%AA%E5%AE%8B%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="浪宋话(页面不存在)">浪宋话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E6%9C%9F%E8%AF%AD" title="勒期语">勒期语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E5%B1%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="茶山语">茶山语</a>(峨昌)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="波拉语">波拉语</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="仙岛语">仙岛语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他语群</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="萨尔语群" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="萨尔语群">萨尔语群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E9%A2%87%E8%AF%AD" title="景颇语">景颇语</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="侬语支">侬语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E9%BE%99%E8%AF%AD" title="独龙语">独龙语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BE%AC%E8%AF%AD" title="阿侬语">阿侬语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%97%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="日旺语">日旺语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="达尼语支">达尼语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%BF%AA%E8%AF%AD" title="阿迪语">阿迪语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%98%8E%E5%B0%94%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="博嘎尔方言">博嘎尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E8%8E%AB%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="拉莫语(页面不存在)">拉莫语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%BE%E9%87%8C%E6%B3%A2%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="派里波语(页面不存在)">派里波语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%9A%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="博日語(页面不存在)">博日語</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E8%92%99%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="希蒙语(页面不存在)">希蒙语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="卡可语(页面不存在)">卡可语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%AF%E9%BB%98%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="柯默卡语(页面不存在)">柯默卡语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%A6%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="邦多语(页面不存在)">邦多语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B4%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="阿兴语(页面不存在)">阿兴语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E6%91%A9%E5%BC%BA%E6%B3%A2%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="波摩强波语(页面不存在)">波摩强波语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%BE%BE%E5%A7%86%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="巴达姆语(页面不存在)">巴达姆语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E6%98%94%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="巴昔语(页面不存在)">巴昔语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%8D%A3%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="民荣语(页面不存在)">民荣语</a></li></ul></li> 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E8%AF%BA%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="雅诺语(页面不存在)">雅诺语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="米里语(页面不存在)">米里语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E6%98%9F%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="米星语(页面不存在)">米星语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E6%A0%B9%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="塔根语(页面不存在)">塔根语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="纳语(页面不存在)">纳语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A7%86%E7%86%B1%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="姆熱语(页面不存在)">姆熱语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E4%BE%9D%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="巴依语(页面不存在)">巴依语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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title="邱北壮语">邱北壮语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E6%B1%9F%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="右江壯語">右江壯語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%95%E5%8C%97%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="邕北壮语">邕北壮语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="壮语">中紅水河壯語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%B4%85%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%B3%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="東紅水河壯語">東紅水河壯語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%B3%E6%B1%9F%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="柳江壮语(页面不存在)">柳江壮语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%B3%E9%BB%94%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="柳黔壮语(页面不存在)">柳黔壮语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E5%B1%B1%E5%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="连山壮语">连山壮语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%B2" title="民讲">民讲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%95%E5%8D%97%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="邕南壯語">邕南壯語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E6%B1%9F%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="左江壯語">左江壯語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B1%E4%BE%9D%E8%AF%AD" title="岱依语">岱依语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E9%BA%BB%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="文麻壯語">文麻壯語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B1%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="岱壯語">岱壯語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%9D%96%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="德靖壯語">德靖壯語</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AE%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="央壯語(页面不存在)">央壯語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AF%E5%BB%A3%E5%A3%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="硯廣壯語">硯廣壯語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%82%E8%AA%9E" title="儂語">儂語</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E8%AF%AD" title="傣语">傣语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E7%B4%8D%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="蘭納語">兰纳语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E4%BB%82%E8%AA%9E" title="傣仂語">傣仂語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E7%97%95%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="傣痕语">傣痕语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%B3%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="普泰语">普泰语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E7%AB%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="傣端语">傣端语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E8%B5%AC%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="傣赬語">傣赬語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E9%BB%95%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="傣黕語">傣黕語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%B8%E8%AF%AD" title="掸语">掸语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E8%89%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="傣艮语">傣艮语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E8%80%B6%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="傣耶語">傣耶语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E9%82%A3%E8%AF%AD" title="傣那语">傣那语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E9%9B%85%E8%AF%AD" title="傣雅语">傣雅语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B1%E5%BA%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="岱康语">傣康语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E6%8B%85%E8%AF%AD" title="傣担语">傣担语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E4%BA%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="傣亮语">傣亮语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9C%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="巴地语">巴地语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">古越语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%B6%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="古越语">古越语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E8%B6%8A%E8%AA%9E" title="閩越語">閩越語</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E8%AF%AD" title="混合语">混合语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%92%E8%A9%B1" title="誒話">誒話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%AC%84%E8%AA%9E" title="高欄語">高欄語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AB%E7%94%B2%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="八甲话(页面不存在)">八甲话</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="苗瑶语系">苗瑶语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="苗语支">苗语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">巴哼语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="巴哼语">巴哼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%94%E5%A5%88%E8%AF%AD" title="唔奈语">唔奈语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">东部语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%A5%BF%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="湘西苗语">湘西苗语</a> <ul><li>东</li> <li>西</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">畲语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>畲-炯奈语 <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B2%E8%AF%AD" title="畲语">畲语</a></span>(活聂语)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%AF%E5%A5%88%E8%AF%AD" title="炯奈语">炯奈语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%98%E8%AF%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="优诺语">优诺语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%82%A3%E8%AF%AD" title="巴那语">巴那语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">中部语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E9%BB%94%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语黔东方言">黔东苗语</a> <ul><li>东</li> <li>北</li> <li>西 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%95%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="绕家语">绕家语</a></li></ul></li> <li>南</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西部语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%AA%E8%AF%AD" title="布努语">布努语</a> <ul><li>布努语</li> <li>包瑙语</li> <li>努茂语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E5%B7%9D%E9%BB%94%E6%BB%87%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语川黔滇方言">川黔滇苗语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E9%BB%94%E6%BB%87%E8%8B%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="川黔滇苗語">川黔滇</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E9%BB%94%E6%BB%87%E8%8B%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="川黔滇苗語">第一土语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%8A%B1%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%9D" title="小花苗话">第二土语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%A7%80%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="西秀苗语">第三土语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%BB%87%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E6%AC%A1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语滇东北次方言">滇东北</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E9%98%B3%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="贵阳苗语">贵阳</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%AD" title="麻标语">麻标语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E6%B0%B4%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="惠水苗语">惠水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E9%BA%BB%E5%B1%B1%E6%AC%A1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语麻山次方言">麻山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD%E7%BD%97%E6%B3%8A%E6%B2%B3%E6%AC%A1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="苗语罗泊河次方言">罗泊河</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%F0%B1%8E%BC%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="𱎼家话">重安江</a> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:G%C4%9B-chinese.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/G%C4%9B-chinese.svg/14px-G%C4%9B-chinese.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/G%C4%9B-chinese.svg/21px-G%C4%9B-chinese.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/G%C4%9B-chinese.svg/28px-G%C4%9B-chinese.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span>家话</li> <li>东家话</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A1%98%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD" title="平塘苗语">平塘</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="瑶语支">瑶语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BB%E6%95%8F%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="藻敏话">藻敏话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E6%95%8F%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="标敏话">标敏话</a> <ul><li>东山标敏话</li> <li>灌阳标敏话</li> <li>石口标敏话</li> <li>牛尾寨标敏话</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%9D" title="标曼话">标曼话</a> <ul><li>长坪标曼话</li> <li>罗香标曼话</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%97%A8%E8%AF%9D" title="金门话">金门话</a> <ul><li>滇桂金门话</li> <li>防海金门话 <ul><li>海南门语</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%89%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="勉方言">勉方言</a> <ul><li>广滇勉语</li> <li>湘南勉语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E6%98%A5%E6%8E%92%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="阳春排瑶语">阳春排瑶语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">混合語</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="伶话">伶话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AB%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="猫家话">猫家话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%98%E5%BF%B5%E8%AF%9D" title="优念话">优念话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E9%94%B9%E8%AF%9D" title="三锹话">三锹话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白石苗语(页面不存在)">白石苗语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="南亚语系">南亚语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A4%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%82%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="佤德昂语支">佤德昂语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>德昂语支 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%82%E8%AF%AD" title="德昂语">德昂语</a>(巴朗语) <ul><li>普乐语</li> <li>若買语</li> <li>达让语</li> <li>纳盎语</li> <li>布雷語</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%98%82%E8%AF%AD" title="日昂语">日昂语</a> <ul><li>郎日昂语</li> <li>籁日昂语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%84%91%E8%AF%AD" title="达脑语">达脑语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B7%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="户语支">户语支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="瓦语">瓦语</a> <ul><li>北瓦语</li> <li>南瓦语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="乌语">乌语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="户语">户语</a>(昆格)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%82%E5%BA%93%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="昂库语(页面不存在)">昂库语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%94%91%E8%AF%AD" title="克蔑语">克蔑语</a>(曼咪)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="莫克语">莫克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="木阿克语">木阿克语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E8%B4%A1%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="达贡语(页面不存在)">达贡语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A4%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="佤语支">佤语支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A4%E8%AA%9E" title="佤語">佤語</a> <ul><li>巴饒克</li> <li>阿佤</li> <li>佤</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="拉维瓦语(页面不存在)">拉维瓦语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉威语">拉威语</a> <ul><li>东拉威语</li> <li>西拉威语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD" title="布朗语">布朗语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E4%BD%A4%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="阿尔佤语(页面不存在)">阿尔佤语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%AD%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="彭语(页面不存在)">彭语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%AF%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="肯德涅语(页面不存在)">肯德涅语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%91%E9%99%B6%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="桑陶语(页面不存在)">桑陶语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="卡瓦语(页面不存在)">卡瓦语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%94%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="孔图语(页面不存在)">孔图语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%81%E5%BD%AD%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="旁彭语(页面不存在)">旁彭语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E9%9B%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="蒙雷语">蒙雷语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="都语(页面不存在)">都语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%80%80%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="萨怀克语">萨怀克语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%97%AF%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="嗯语(页面不存在)">嗯语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E5%A7%86%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="萨姆语(页面不存在)">萨姆语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%82%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="颂语(页面不存在)">颂语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%8A%E4%BD%A4%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="腊佤语(页面不存在)">腊佤语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="克拉语(页面不存在)">克拉语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%A5%E8%BF%87%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="补过语(页面不存在)">补过语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%81%E5%88%80%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="叁刀语(页面不存在)">叁刀语</a></li></ul></li> <li>拉墨语支 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A2%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="拉墨语">拉墨语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B2%81%E9%98%BF%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="鲁阿语(页面不存在)">鲁阿语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="焦尔语">焦尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%A7%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="控语(页面不存在)">控语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%85%B4%E2%80%94%E6%8A%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="布兴—抗语支">布兴语支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%85%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="布兴语">布兴语</a>(佧米)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%8A%92%E8%AF%AD" title="布芒语">布芒语</a>(曼丈)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E6%9E%97%E8%AF%AD" title="广林语">广林语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E8%AF%AD" title="抗语">抗语</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%9C%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="克木语支">克木语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%9C%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="克木语">克木语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%B8%A9%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="克温语(页面不存在)">克温语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BD%E8%AF%9D" title="宽话">宽话</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%BD%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="莽语支">莽语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="莽语">莽语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%90%89%E8%AF%AD" title="巴琉语">俫语</a>(珀琉)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%B5%93%E8%AF%AD" title="布赓语">布赓语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="越語支">越語支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%AC%E8%AA%9E" title="中國京語">京语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="越南语">越南语</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="南島語系">南島語系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣南島語言">台灣南島語言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5-%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="马来-波利尼西亚语族">马来-波利<br />尼西亚语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%B8%B9%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A4" title="巴丹語群">巴丹語群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E6%82%9F%E8%AA%9E" title="達悟語">達悟語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%B8%B9%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A4" title="巴丹語群">伊巴雅語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%B8%B9%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A4" title="巴丹語群">伊巴丹語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%B8%B9%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A4" title="巴丹語群">巴布延語</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%BD%8A-%E5%8D%A0%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="亞齊-占語群">亞齊-占語群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E8%BC%9D%E8%A9%B1" title="回輝話">回輝話</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">混合語</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%87%E5%B3%87%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="峇峇話">峇峇話</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E6%BF%AB%E6%91%BB%E8%A9%B1" title="相濫摻話">相濫摻話</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="突厥语系">突厥语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西伯利亞語支">西伯利亞語支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8%E8%A3%95%E5%9B%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="西部裕固语">西部裕固语</a>(堯呼爾語)</li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid pink; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%BA%93%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="雅库特语">雅库特语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid pink; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="哈卡斯语">哈卡斯语</a></span> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid pink; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a 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href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%E6%A2%85%E5%85%8B%E8%A1%9B%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E" title="卡爾梅克衛拉特語">卡尔梅克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%BF%92%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="托忒文">书面衛拉特語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E" title="布里亞特語">布里亞特語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E8%99%8E" title="巴爾虎">巴尔虎布里亚特语</a></li> <li>霍里-阿嘎布里亚特语</li> <li>下乌达布里亚特语</li> <li>阿拉尔-通卡布里亚特语</li> <li>乌斯季-布拉加特布里亚特语</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%BC%E5%B9%B2%E8%AF%AD" title="哈米尼干语">哈米尼干语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西喇古儿语支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E8%A3%95%E5%9B%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="东部裕固语">东部裕固语</a>(恩格爾語)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%97%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="土族语">土族语</a> <ul><li>互助土族語</li> 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min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%91%E8%AF%AD" title="鲜卑语">乌桓语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%91%E8%AF%AD" title="鲜卑语">鲜卑语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9E%E4%BC%8F%E9%83%A8" title="乞伏部">乞伏语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B5%E9%83%A8%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%91" title="段部鮮卑">段部鲜卑语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%93%E8%B7%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="拓跋语">拓跋语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%95%E5%AE%B9%E9%83%A8" title="慕容部">慕容鲜卑语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; 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title="翁阔语">翁阔语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid pink; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%9F%E5%98%8E%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="察嘎坦语(页面不存在)">察嘎坦语</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E4%BC%A6%E6%98%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="鄂伦春语">鄂伦春语</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid pink; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E6%BA%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="鄂溫語">鄂溫語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid pink; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%8A%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="奇力語">奇力語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid pink; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%8B%92%E6%81%A9%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="奇勒恩语">奇勒恩语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid pink; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%92%92%E9%A9%AC%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="撒马吉尔语(页面不存在)">撒马吉尔语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid pink; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%85%E5%90%89%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="涅吉達爾語">涅吉達爾語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid pink; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E7%BD%97%E5%A5%87%E8%AF%AD" title="奥罗奇语">奥罗奇语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid pink; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%BE%B7%E8%93%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="烏德蓋語">烏德蓋語</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">南通古斯语群</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid pink; min-height:1em; padding: 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style="display:inline; border:1px solid pink; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E5%A5%87%E8%AA%9E" title="烏爾奇語">烏爾奇語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid pink; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E7%BD%97%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="鄂罗克语">鄂罗克語</a></span> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid pink; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E4%BE%9D%E5%8B%92%E5%A1%94%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌依勒塔語(页面不存在)">乌依勒塔語</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西南通古斯语群</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="满语">满语</a> <ul><li>黑河(瑷珲)</li> <li>三家子</li> <li>依布气</li> <li>拉林</li> <li>宁古塔</li> <li>阿城</li> <li>奉天</li> <li>北京</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%96%87" title="满文">满语书面语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="锡伯语">锡伯语</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F" title="海西女真">扈倫語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E8%AA%9E" title="巴拉語">巴拉语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%A5%9A%E5%96%80%E8%AF%AD" title="阿勒楚喀语">阿勒楚喀语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%B0%E5%96%80%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="恰喀拉语">恰喀拉语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B5%B7%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="东海女真">庫爾喀語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B5%B7%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="东海女真">瓦爾喀语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F%E8%AA%9E" title="女真語">女真語</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">古通古斯语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%83%E6%85%8E" title="肃慎">肃慎语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%B9%E5%A8%84" title="挹娄">挹娄语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%BA%E9%9E%A8" title="靺鞨">靺鞨语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%BA%E9%9E%A8" title="靺鞨">勿吉语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="渤海語">渤海語</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E9%A4%98%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="扶餘語系">扶余語系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%A5%E9%BA%97%E8%AA%9E" title="高句麗語">高句麗語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%8A%E8%B2%8A%E8%AA%9E" title="濊貊語">濊貊语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E4%BD%99%E8%AF%AD" title="扶余语">扶余语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E6%B2%AE" title="沃沮">沃沮语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%BF%8A" title="東濊">東濊语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%90%89%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="日琉語系">日琉语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E6%BA%AA%E8%AA%9E" title="寒溪語">寒溪語</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" title="台灣日語">台灣日語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E8%AA%9E" title="琉球語">琉球語</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="朝鲜语系">朝鲜语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="朝鮮語">朝鮮語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="中國朝鮮語">中國朝鮮語</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%9D%9E%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="亚非语系">亚非语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="希伯来语">希伯来语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="敘利亞語">叙利亚语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉姆語">阿拉姆語</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿拉伯语">阿拉伯语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6-%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="印度-伊朗语族">印度-伊朗语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E5%8B%92%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="色勒库尔语">色勒库尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%BD%95%E8%AF%AD" title="瓦罕语">瓦罕语</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西徐亞語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Scythian languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%90%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="西徐亞語(页面不存在)">西徐亞語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Scythian languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Scythian languages</span></a></span>)</span></span></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">塞語</a></span> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">于阗语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">扜弥语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">图木舒克语</a>(据史德语)</span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="塞語">坎杰克语</a>(康居语)</span></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%9F%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="粟特语">粟特语</a></span> <ul><li>老粟特语</li> <li>新粟特语 <ul><li>景教粟特语</li> <li>摩尼教粟特语</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="中古波斯语">钵罗婆语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="安息语">安息语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%8F%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="大夏语">大夏语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B-%E8%B4%B5%E9%9C%9C%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="伊塞克-贵霜语(页面不存在)">伊塞克-贵霜语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF%E9%99%80%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="阿维斯陀语">阿维斯陀语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%89%8C%E5%AD%90%E6%A8%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="花剌子模语">花剌子模语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA-%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太-波斯語">猶太-波斯語</a></span> <ul><li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA-%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太-波斯語">蓝帽回回语</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="新波斯语">新波斯语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="波斯语">波斯语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="達利語">達利語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="伊朗波斯語">伊朗波斯語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="塔吉克语">塔吉克语</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E5%9B%9E%E8%AF%AD" title="回回语">回回语</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="普什图语">普什图语</a></li> <li><a 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title="港式英語">港式英語</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰语">荷兰语</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁语族">拉丁語族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄牙语">葡萄牙语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%BC%8F%E8%91%A1%E6%96%87" title="澳式葡文">澳式葡文</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a 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href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="手語">手語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="手語">手語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="中國手語">中國手語</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中国北方手语(页面不存在)">北方手语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中国南方手语(页面不存在)">南方手语</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="香港手語">香港手語</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="台灣手語">台灣手語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="藏语手语">藏语手语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E5%AF%AB%E6%B3%95" title="手語拼寫法">手语字母</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%89%8B%E6%8C%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="汉语手指字母(页面不存在)">汉语手指字母</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E6%89%8B%E6%8C%87%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="维吾尔语手指语(页面不存在)">维吾尔语手指语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD%E6%89%8B%E6%8C%87%E8%AF%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="朝鲜语手指语(页面不存在)">朝鲜语手指语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E6%89%8B%E6%8C%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="藏文手指字母(页面不存在)">藏文手指字母</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%AF%AD#外语教学与能力" title="外语">外語教學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E6%8B%9B%E7%94%9F%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95#外语" title="普通高等学校招生全国统一考试">作爲中国大陸高考科目的外語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2#中国大陆的英語教育" title="語言教育">英語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄語在中國" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title="Русский язык в Китае"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄語在中國(页面不存在)">俄語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Русский язык в Китае"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">Русский язык в Китае</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="西班牙语">西班牙语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E5%A4%96%E8%AF%AD%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6" title="汉语作为外语教学">對外華語文教育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap">註:<span style="display:inline; border:1px solid black; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E8%B7%A1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="絕跡語言">絕跡語言</a></span>(<span style="display:inline; border:1px solid grey; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;">中国境内绝迹语言</span>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid red; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;">极危语言</span>(<span style="display:inline; border:1px solid pink; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;">中国境内极危语言</span>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline; border:1px solid blue; min-height:1em; padding: 1px 1px;">可能存在于中国境内的语言</span></span><br /><span class="nowrap">參見:<a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="Template:中华民族">中國境內的民族和族群一覽(按語言系屬分類)</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7" title="中國漢語方言保護">中國漢語方言保護</a></span><br />关于港澳地区的语言,参见:<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87" title="香港語文">香港語文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80#語言文字" title="澳門">澳门语言</a><br />关于台澎金马的语言,参见:<a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Template:臺灣語言">台湾语言</a><br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="闽南语" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" title="Template:閩南語"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" title="Template talk:閩南語"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:閩南語"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="闽南语" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="闽南语">闽南语</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E6%BC%B3%E7%89%87" title="泉漳片">泉漳片</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">福建</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%88%E9%96%80%E8%A9%B1" title="廈門話">廈門話</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%88%E9%96%80%E8%A9%B1" title="廈門話">厦门市区话</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%BE%E5%B1%B1%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="禾山话(页面不存在)">禾山话</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="泉州话">泉州話</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="泉州话">泉州府城话</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E6%B1%9F%E8%AF%9D" title="晋江话">晋江话</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E5%AE%89%E8%A9%B1" title="惠安話">惠安話</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%89%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="南安话(页面不存在)">南安话</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E5%AE%89%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="同安话(页面不存在)">同安话</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%97%A8%E8%AF%9D" title="金门话">金门话</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%8E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="集美话(页面不存在)">集美话</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8F%E7%81%8C%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="杏灌话(页面不存在)">杏灌话</a>)、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%BA%AA%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="安溪话(页面不存在)">安溪话</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E6%98%A5%E8%A9%B1" title="永春話">永春話</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%94%B0%E9%97%BD%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="大田闽南话">大田闽南话</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E6%BA%AA%E9%97%BD%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="尤溪闽南话">尤溪街面话</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%82#語言" title="福清市">福清閩南話</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%B3%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="漳州话">漳州话</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%B3%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="漳州话">漳州府城話</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E6%BE%84%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="海澄话(页面不存在)">海澄话</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%B3%E7%A0%81%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="石码话(页面不存在)">石码话</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E6%B3%B0%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="长泰话(页面不存在)">长泰话</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%B3%E6%B5%A6%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="漳浦话(页面不存在)">漳浦话</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%91%E9%9C%84%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="云霄话(页面不存在)">云霄话</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E5%B1%B1%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="东山话(页面不存在)">东山话</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8F%E5%AE%89%E5%8E%BF#诏安闽南语" title="诏安县">诏安闽南話</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E5%92%8C%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="平和话(页面不存在)">平和话</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%96%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="南靖閩南话(页面不存在)">南靖閩南话</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E5%B2%A9%E8%AF%9D" title="龙岩话">龙岩话</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E5%B2%A9%E8%AF%9D" title="龙岩话">龙岩市区话</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%B3%E5%B9%B3%E8%AF%9D" title="漳平话">漳平话</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B4%E5%8C%97%E8%AF%9D" title="头北话">頭北話</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%B7%AF%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="下路话">下路話</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">粵桂贛</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="泉州话">泉州腔</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A3%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E9%97%BD%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="赣东北闽南语">赣东北闽南语</a>(江西)、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-disambig" title="福建话">香港福建话</a><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD#香港" title="闽南语">香港闽南话</a>)</small>(香港)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%B3%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="漳州话">漳州腔</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%82%E5%B9%B3%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="桂平閩語(页面不存在)">桂平閩語</a>(廣西)、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%B0%E8%AF%9D" title="海丰话">海陸豐話</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%B0%E8%AF%9D" title="海丰话">海丰话</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E4%B8%B0%E8%AF%9D" title="陆丰话">陸豐话</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E4%BD%AC%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-disambig" title="福佬话">惠州學佬话</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E4%BD%AC%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-disambig" title="福佬话">香港鹤佬话</a>)(廣東、香港)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A9%B1" title="臺灣話">臺灣</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A9%B1#方言差" title="臺灣話">混合腔</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">(泉漳滥,聲調偏漳)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="泉州话">泉州腔</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">(鹿港腔、海口腔、台北腔、澎湖腔)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%B3%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="漳州话">漳州腔</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">(宜蘭腔、內埔腔<small>(永靖腔)</small>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%99%E5%8D%97%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="浙南閩語">浙南</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="泉州腔" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="泉州话">泉州腔</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B8%AF%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="北港话(页面不存在)">北港话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9E%E5%A4%B4%E9%97%BD%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="洞头闽南话(页面不存在)">洞头闽南话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%8E%E9%97%A8%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="坎门话(页面不存在)">坎门话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%99%E5%8D%97%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E#分布" title="浙南閩語">寧德閩南話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%82#語言" title="福清市">福清閩南話</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%AF%9D" title="东南亚福建话">東南亞</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="泉州话">泉州腔</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE%E9%97%BD%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="菲律宾闽南语">咱人话</a>(菲律賓,偏泉晉江)、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="马来西亚汉语方言">中南马福建话</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%A9%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="中马">马来西亚中部</a>,偏泉)、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E9%A6%AC%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="東馬福建話(页面不存在)">東馬福建話</a>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%B6%E8%90%8A%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="汶萊福建話(页面不存在)">汶萊福建話</a>(偏泉金門)、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E5%B7%B4%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="沙巴福建話(页面不存在)">沙巴福建話</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%82%E6%8B%89%E8%B6%8A%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%A9%B1" title="砂拉越福建話">砂拉越福建话</a>(北部))</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%B3%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="漳州话">漳州腔</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A9%AC%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%AF%9D" title="北马福建话">北马福建话</a>(普吉福建话、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%89%E8%98%AD%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%A9%B1" title="棉蘭福建話">棉蘭福建話</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%9F%E5%9F%8E%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%AF%9D" title="槟城福建话">槟城福建话</a>)(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A9%AC" title="北马">马来西亚北部</a>,偏漳)、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%82%E6%8B%89%E8%B6%8A%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%A9%B1" title="砂拉越福建話">砂拉越福建話</a>(南部)、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="缅甸福建话(页面不存在)">缅甸福建话</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%A6%AC%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%A9%B1" title="南馬福建話">混合腔</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%A6%AC%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%A9%B1" title="南馬福建話">南馬福建話</a>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E5%9D%A1%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="麻坡福建话(页面不存在)">麻坡福建话</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%A9%B1" title="新加坡福建話">新加坡福建話</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%96%E5%86%85%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="廖内福建话(页面不存在)">廖内福建话</a>)(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%A9%AC" title="南马">马来西亚南部</a>,偏泉潮滥)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banlamgu.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="閩南語範圍與分支"><img alt="閩南語範圍與分支" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Banlamgu.svg/200px-Banlamgu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Banlamgu.svg/300px-Banlamgu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Banlamgu.svg/400px-Banlamgu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">潮汕片</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%95%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="潮汕地區">潮汕地區</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%BE%84%E9%A5%B6" title="潮澄饶">潮汕</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%8F%AD%E4%B8%B0" title="潮揭丰">揭</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">潮州话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%B6%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%BF#方言饶平" title="饶平县">饒平潮州話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%BE%B3%E5%8E%BF#方言" title="南澳县">南澳话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%95%E5%A4%B4%E8%AF%9D" title="汕头话">汕头话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%84%E6%B5%B7%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="澄海话(页面不存在)">澄海话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%AD%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82#语言" title="揭阳市">揭陽话</a>(<small><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%AD%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%BA#語言" title="揭东区">揭东</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%AD%E8%A5%BF%E5%8E%BF#方言" title="揭西县">揭西</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%95%E5%9F%8E%E5%8C%BA#语言" title="榕城区">榕城</a></small>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%99%AE%E6%83%A0" title="潮普惠">潮普惠</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E9%98%B3%E8%AF%9D" title="潮阳话">潮陽話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%AE%81%E5%B8%82#方言" title="普宁市">普寧話</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%A0%E4%BE%86%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="惠來話(页面不存在)">惠來話</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%B0" title="兩岸三地">港澳臺</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87#閩南片" title="香港語文">香港潮州话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#其他漢語族之語言" title="臺灣語言列表">臺灣潮州話</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%AF%9D" title="东南亚福建话">東南亞</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%BC%E8%B0%B7%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="曼谷潮州话(页面不存在)">曼谷潮州话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="柬埔寨潮州话(页面不存在)">柬埔寨潮州话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%BC%E4%B8%B9%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="加里曼丹潮州話(页面不存在)">加里曼丹潮州話</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A4%E7%94%B8#語言" title="坤甸">坤甸潮州話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="老挝潮州話(页面不存在)">老挝潮州話</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="越南潮州話(页面不存在)">越南潮州話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="新加坡漢語">新加坡潮州話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="马来西亚汉语方言">马来西亚潮州话</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="北马潮州话(页面不存在)">北马潮州话</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%94%B0%E7%89%87" title="大田片">大田片</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%B7%AF%E8%AF%9D" title="前路话">前路话</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%B7%AF%E8%AF%9D" title="前路话">大田话</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E9%81%93%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="前道话(页面不存在)">前道话</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%83%E6%BA%90%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="桃源话(页面不存在)">桃源话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E8%B7%AF%E8%AF%9D" title="后路话">后路话</a>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%A1%A5%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="新桥话(页面不存在)">新桥话</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E9%81%93%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="后道话(页面不存在)">后道话</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E6%BA%AA%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="尤溪话">尤溪城关话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BB%99%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中仙话(页面不存在)">中仙话</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="中山閩語">中山片</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="中山閩語">隆都話</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E9%84%89%E6%9D%91%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="東鄉村话(页面不存在)">東鄉村话</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="中山閩語">得都話</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="中山閩語">南蓢話</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%87%E6%BE%B3%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="淇澳話(页面不存在)">淇澳話</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="中山閩語">三乡话</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%B1%E5%8C%97%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="拱北話(页面不存在)">拱北話</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="混合語言">混合語言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E6%BF%AB%E6%91%BB%E8%A9%B1" title="相濫摻話">相濫摻話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%95%89%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1" title="香蕉白話">香蕉白話</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="吉兰丹福建话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hokkien Kelantan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%89%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%B9%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%AF%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="吉兰丹福建话(页面不存在)">吉兰丹福建话</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien_Kelantan" class="extiw" title="en:Hokkien Kelantan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hokkien Kelantan</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%87%E5%B3%87%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="峇峇語">峇峇語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%9D" title="孔夫话">孔夫话</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="汉语" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0b0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="Template:汉语"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="Template talk:汉语"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:汉语"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="汉语" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">汉语</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0b0;;"><div id="汉语族" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="汉语族">汉语族</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="汉语方言">漢語分支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="官话" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="官话">官话</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E" title="通用語">通用語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="現代標準漢語">現代標準漢語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%AF%9D" title="普通话">普通话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="中華民國國語">中華民國國語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="臺灣國語">臺灣國語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%A6%AC%E8%8F%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="新馬華語">新馬華語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E9%9F%B3" title="老国音">老国音</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">官話分區</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="北京官话">北京官话</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E6%89%BF%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="京承片(页面不存在)">京承片</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%88%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="京师小片(页面不存在)">京师小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="北京話">北京話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%80%E6%89%BF%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="怀承小片(页面不存在)">怀承小片</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E5%B3%B0%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="朝峰片(页面不存在)">朝峰片</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="东北官话">东北官话</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%80%8B%E7%89%87" title="吉瀋片">吉瀋片</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9B%9F%E5%AE%81%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="蛟宁小片(页面不存在)">蛟宁小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E8%AF%9D" title="沈阳话">瀋陽話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E5%B2%AD%E8%A9%B1" title="铁岭話">铁岭話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%9A%E6%BA%AA%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="通溪小片(页面不存在)">通溪小片</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%98%9C%E7%89%87" title="哈阜片">哈阜片</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%87%E6%89%B6%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="肇扶小片(页面不存在)">肇扶小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8%E8%AF%9D" title="哈尔滨话">哈爾濱話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E9%94%A6%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="长锦小片(页面不存在)">长锦小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E6%98%A5%E8%AF%9D" title="长春话">长春话</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%9D%BE%E7%89%87" title="黑松片">黑松片</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A9%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="嫩克小片(页面不存在)">嫩克小片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%B3%E5%AF%8C%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="佳富小片(页面不存在)">佳富小片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%99%E8%AF%9D" title="站话">站话小片</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%80%E9%B2%81%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="冀鲁官话">冀魯官話</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%94%90%E7%89%87" title="保唐片">保唐片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%9E%E9%98%9C%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="涞阜小片">涞阜小片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="天津小片">天津小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E8%AF%9D" title="天津话">天津话</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E9%9C%B8%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="定霸小片">定霸小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%9A%E8%A9%B1" title="保定話">保定話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%9F%E9%81%B5%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="蓟遵小片">蓟遵小片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A6%E6%98%8C%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="滦昌小片">滦昌小片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%9A%E9%BE%99%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="抚龙小片">抚龙小片</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B5%8E%E7%89%87" title="石济片">石濟片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E6%B7%B1%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="赵深小片">赵深小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%84%E8%AF%9D" title="石家庄话">石家庄话</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A2%E8%A1%A1%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="邢衡小片">邢衡小片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%8A%E6%B3%B0%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="聊泰小片">聊泰小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%9D" title="济南话">济南话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%8A%9C%E8%AF%9D" title="莱芜话">莱芜话</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%A7%E6%83%A0%E7%89%87" title="沧惠片">滄惠片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E4%B9%90%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="黄乐小片">黄乐小片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E5%AF%BF%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="阳寿小片">阳寿小片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%92%E7%85%A7%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="莒照小片">莒照小片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%89%87" title="章利片">章桓小片</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B6%E8%BE%BD%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="胶辽官话">胶辽官话</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BB%E9%80%A3%E7%89%87" title="登連片">登連片</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%9F%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="烟威小片(页面不存在)">烟威小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%B5%B7%E8%AF%9D" title="威海话">威海話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%93%AC%E9%BE%99%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="蓬龙小片(页面不存在)">蓬龙小片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%B2%AB%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="大岫小片(页面不存在)">大岫小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="大连话">大连话</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%8E%B1%E7%89%87" title="青莱片">青萊片</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%B6%E8%8E%B2%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="胶莲小片(页面不存在)">胶莲小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B3%B6%E8%A9%B1" title="青島話">青島話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%8C%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="莱昌小片(页面不存在)">莱昌小片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%92%E4%B8%B4%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="青临小片(页面不存在)">青临小片</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%96%E6%A1%93%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="盖桓片(页面不存在)">盖桓片</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="中原官话">中原官话</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%91%E5%BC%80%E7%89%87" title="郑开片">鄭開片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%91%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="郑州话">鄭州話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E8%AF%9D" title="开封话">開封話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%B5%A9%E7%89%87" title="洛嵩片">洛嵩片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%99%BD%E8%A9%B1" title="洛陽話">洛陽話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%AD%AF%E7%89%87" title="南魯片">南魯片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%98%B3%E8%AF%9D" title="南阳话">南陽話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%AF%E9%A0%85%E7%89%87" title="漯項片">漯項片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E9%98%9C%E7%89%87" title="商阜片">商阜片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E8%9A%8C%E7%89%87" title="信蚌片">信蚌片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%96%E8%8F%8F%E7%89%87" title="兖菏片">兖菏片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E6%B7%AE%E7%89%87" title="徐淮片">徐淮片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="徐州话">徐州話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BE%E6%B2%B3%E7%89%87" title="汾河片">汾河片</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E9%98%B3%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="平阳小片(页面不存在)">平阳小片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%9B%E5%B7%9E%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="绛州小片(页面不存在)">绛州小片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E5%B7%9E%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="解州小片(页面不存在)">解州小片</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E4%B8%AD%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="关中片">關中片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="西安話">西安話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E9%99%87%E7%89%87" title="秦陇片">秦隴片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%87%E4%B8%AD%E7%89%87" title="陇中片">隴中片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%B7%9E%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="河州片">河州片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E7%96%86%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="南疆片(页面不存在)">南疆片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%B9%B2%E8%AF%AD" title="东干语">东干语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E9%93%B6%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="兰银官话">兰银官话</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%9F%8E%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="金城片(页面不存在)">金城片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="兰州话">蘭州話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E8%A5%BF%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="河西片(页面不存在)">河西片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8A%80%E5%90%B3%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="銀吳片(页面不存在)">銀吳片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%96%86%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="北疆片">北疆片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E9%B2%81%E6%9C%A8%E9%BD%90%E8%AF%9D" title="乌鲁木齐话">烏魯木齊話</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%B7%AE%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="江淮官话">江淮官话</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E6%B3%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="通泰方言">泰如片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%80%9A%E8%AF%9D" title="南通话">南通話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="泰州話">泰州話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E5%B7%A2%E7%89%87" title="洪巢片">洪巢片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="扬州话">揚州話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E8%A9%B1" title="南京話">南京話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E8%82%A5%E8%AF%9D" title="合肥话">合肥話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%AD%9D%E7%89%87" title="黄孝片">黃孝片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B9%B3%E8%AF%9D" title="南平话">南平话</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="西南官话">西南官话</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E9%BB%94%E7%89%87" title="川黔片">川黔片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E6%B8%9D%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="成渝小片">成渝小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%9D" title="成都话">成都话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%BA%86%E8%AF%9D" title="重庆话">重庆话</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%94%E4%B8%AD%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="黔中小片">黔中小片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%95%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="陕南小片(页面不存在)">陕南小片</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%9C%80%E7%89%87" title="西蜀片">西蜀片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B7%E6%B1%9F%E8%AF%9D" title="岷江话">岷赤小片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%94%98%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="雅甘小片">雅甘小片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E8%B4%A1%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="江贡小片">江贡小片</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%9D%E8%A5%BF%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="川西片(页面不存在)">川西片</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E8%97%8F%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="康藏小片(页面不存在)">康藏小片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%89%E5%B1%B1%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="凉山小片(页面不存在)">凉山小片</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%9D" title="云南话">雲南片</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%87%E4%B8%AD%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="滇中小片(页面不存在)">滇中小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E6%98%8E%E8%A9%B1" title="昆明話">昆明話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%87%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="滇西小片(页面不存在)">滇西小片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%87%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="滇南小片(页面不存在)">滇南小片</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%96%E5%BB%A3%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="湖廣片(页面不存在)">湖廣片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E5%8C%97%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="鄂北小片">鄂北小片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%84%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="鄂中小片(页面不存在)">鄂中小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%9D" title="武汉话">武漢話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%98%E5%8C%97%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="湘北小片(页面不存在)">湘北小片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%98%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="湘西小片(页面不存在)">湘西小片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%80%E7%8E%89%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="怀玉小片(页面不存在)">怀玉小片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%94%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="黔东小片(页面不存在)">黔东小片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8E%E9%9D%96%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="黎靖小片(页面不存在)">黎靖小片</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E6%9F%B3%E8%AF%9D" title="桂柳话">桂柳片</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%98%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="湘南小片(页面不存在)">湘南小片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%82%E5%8C%97%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="桂北小片(页面不存在)">桂北小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E6%9E%97%E8%AF%9D" title="桂林话">桂林話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="柳州话">柳州話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%94%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="黔南小片(页面不存在)">黔南小片</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%85%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="塔兹语">塔茲語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="军家话">军家话</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E5%86%9B%E8%AF%9D" title="海南军话">海南军话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E5%86%9B%E8%AF%9D" title="广东军话">广东军话</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%A6%AC%E8%8F%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="新馬華語">新馬華語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E5%BC%8F%E8%8F%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="新加坡式華語">新加坡式華語</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%89%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="晉語">晉语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B6%E5%B7%9E%E7%89%87" title="并州片">并州片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F%E8%AF%9D" title="太原话">太原話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E6%A2%81%E7%89%87" title="呂梁片">呂梁片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E9%BB%A8%E7%89%87" title="上黨片">上黨片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%87%BA%E7%89%87" title="五臺片">五臺片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%AF%E6%96%B0%E7%89%87" title="邯新片">邯新片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%85%E7%89%87" title="大包片">大包片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8C%E8%A9%B1" title="大同話">大同話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E5%91%BC%E7%89%87" title="張呼片">張呼片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%97%E5%BB%B6%E7%89%87" title="志延片">志延片</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="粵語方言" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="粵語方言">粵語方言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="粵海片">粵海片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="广州话">广州话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="香港話">香港話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%91%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1" title="蜑家話">蜑家話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%9E%E5%AF%B6%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="莞寶片">莞寶片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8D%E9%A0%AD%E8%A9%B1" title="圍頭話">圍頭話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%95%E6%BD%AF%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="邕潯片">邕潯片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%BE%E6%BC%8F%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="勾漏片">勾漏片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E6%B8%AF%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="贵港话">貴港話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%BB%A3%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="羅廣片">羅廣片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%82%91%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="四邑方言">四邑片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%A9%B1" title="台山話">台山話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%99%BD%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="高陽片">高陽片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E6%B1%9F%E8%A9%B1" title="陽江話">陽江話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%82%E5%90%8D%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="茂名白話">茂名白話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A6%E5%BB%89%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="钦廉片">钦廉片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E5%8C%96%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="吳化片">吳化片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="化州话">化州話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%8B%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="儋州话">儋州話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E7%99%BD%E8%AF%9D" title="越南白话">越南白话</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="客家话">客家語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="客家话方言" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80#中國大陸之劃分" title="客家话方言">客家话方言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E5%8F%B0%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="粵台客語">粵台片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%8E%BF%E8%AF%9D" title="梅县话">梅州話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%8E%BF%E8%AF%9D" title="四县话">四县话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E" title="香港客家語">香港客家语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E4%B8%AD%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="粵中客語">粵中片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%BA%90%E8%A9%B1" title="河源話">河源話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="粵北客語">粵北片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="惠州话">惠州片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%80%E5%B7%9E%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="汀州片">汀州片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%80%E8%A9%B1" title="長汀話">長汀話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A7%E9%BE%8D%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="寧龍客語">寧龍片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E6%A1%82%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="于桂客語">于桂片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E9%83%BD%E8%A9%B1" title="于都話">于都話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85%E9%BC%93%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="銅鼓客語">銅鼓片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1" title="四川客家話">四川客家語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B2%E8%AF%9D" title="畲话">畲话</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%AF%AD" title="湘语">湘语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E7%9B%8A%E7%89%87" title="长益片">长益片</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E6%A0%AA%E6%BD%AD%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="长株潭小片(页面不存在)">长株潭小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%99%E8%AF%9D" title="长沙话">長沙話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E6%BD%AD%E8%AF%9D" title="湘潭话">湘潭話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E4%B9%A1%E8%AF%9D" title="宁乡话">宁乡话</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%8A%E6%B2%85%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="益沅小片(页面不存在)">益沅小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8A%E9%98%B3%E8%AF%9D" title="益阳话">益阳话</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%B3%E9%98%B3%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="岳阳小片(页面不存在)">岳阳小片</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%84%E9%82%B5%E7%89%87" title="娄邵片">婁邵片</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%98%E5%8F%8C%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="湘双小片(页面不存在)">湘双小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E4%B9%A1%E8%AF%9D" title="湘乡话">湘乡话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%B3%B0%E8%AF%9D" title="双峰话">双峰话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B6%E5%B1%B1%E8%AF%9D" title="韶山话">韶山话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%84%E5%BA%95%E8%AF%9D" title="娄底话">婁底話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%9F%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="涟梅小片(页面不存在)">涟梅小片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%8C%96%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="新化小片(页面不存在)">新化小片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A6%E9%82%B5%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="武邵小片(页面不存在)">武邵小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%87%E5%8F%AD%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%9D" title="喇叭苗话">喇叭苗话</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%A5%E4%BC%9A%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="绥会小片(页面不存在)">绥会小片</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%A1%E5%B7%9E%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="衡州片(页面不存在)">衡州片</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%A1%E9%98%B3%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="衡阳小片(页面不存在)">衡阳小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A1%E9%99%BD%E8%A9%B1" title="衡陽話">衡陽話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%A1%E5%B1%B1%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="衡山小片(页面不存在)">衡山小片</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B0%E6%BA%86%E7%89%87" title="辰溆片">辰漵片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E5%85%A8%E7%89%87" title="永全片">永全片</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E7%A5%81%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="东祁小片(页面不存在)">东祁小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="永州话">永州话</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%B1%9F%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="道江小片(页面不存在)">道江小片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E8%B5%84%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="全资小片(页面不存在)">全资小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="全州话">全州话</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="贛語">贛語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="贛語方言" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="贛語方言">贛語方言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E9%83%BD%E7%89%87" title="昌都片">昌都片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%98%8C%E8%AF%9D" title="南昌话">南昌話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9C%E7%80%8F%E7%89%87" title="宜瀏片">宜瀏片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9C%E6%98%A5%E8%AF%9D" title="宜春话">宜春話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E8%8C%B6%E7%89%87" title="吉茶片">吉茶片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%AE%89%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="吉安話">吉安話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%AB%E5%BB%A3%E7%89%87" title="撫廣片">撫廣片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%9A%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="抚州话">撫州話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B7%B9%E5%BC%8B%E7%89%87" title="鷹弋片">鷹弋片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B7%B9%E6%BD%AD%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="鷹潭話">鷹潭話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%9A%E7%89%87" title="大通片">大通片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B7%E5%B6%BD%E7%89%87" title="懷嶽片">懷嶽片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%92%E8%B3%87%E7%89%87" title="耒資片">耒資片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9E%E7%B6%8F%E7%89%87" title="洞綏片">洞綏片</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="吴语">吴语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="吳語方言" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="吳語方言">吳語方言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%B9%96%E7%89%87" title="太湖片">太湖片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="上海小片">上海小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="上海話">上海話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%98%89%E6%B9%96%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="蘇嘉湖小片">蘇嘉湖小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇州話">蘇州話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E9%94%A1%E8%AF%9D" title="无锡话">無錫話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="湖州話">湖州話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E5%85%B4%E8%AF%9D" title="嘉兴话">嘉興話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%97%E9%99%B5%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="毗陵小片">毗陵小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="常州话">常州話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E7%BB%8D%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="临绍小片">臨紹小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B9%E8%88%88%E8%A9%B1" title="紹興話">紹興話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%AC%E6%B1%9F%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="甬江小片">甬江小片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A7%E6%B3%A2%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="寧波話">寧波話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="杭州话">杭州話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="台州话">台州片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="台州话">台州話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%A1%A2%E7%89%87" title="金衢片">金衢片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%8F%AF%E8%A9%B1" title="金華話">金華話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A2%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="衢州話">衢州話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E9%BA%97%E7%89%87" title="上麗片">上麗片</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E5%B1%B1%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="上山小片(页面不存在)">上山小片</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%97%E6%B0%B4%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="麗水小片(页面不存在)">麗水小片</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%AF%E6%B1%9F%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="瓯江片">甌江片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="温州话">溫州話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E5%B7%9E%E7%89%87" title="宣州片">宣州片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C%E6%B3%BE%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="铜泾小片">銅涇小片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%AB%98%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="太高小片">太高小片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E9%99%B5%E5%B0%8F%E7%89%87" title="石陵小片">石陵小片</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="闽语">闽语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BF%E5%B1%B1%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="沿山閩語">沿山閩語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B5%E5%B0%86%E8%AF%AD" title="邵将语">邵将语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B5%E6%AD%A6%E8%AF%9D" title="邵武话">邵武話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%86%E4%B9%90%E8%AF%9D" title="将乐话">將樂話</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E5%8C%97%E8%AF%AD" title="闽北语">闽北语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E9%98%B3%E8%AF%9D" title="建阳话">西溪片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E9%98%B3%E8%AF%9D" title="建阳话">建陽話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%93%AF%E8%AF%9D" title="建瓯话">東溪片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%93%AF%E8%AF%9D" title="建瓯话">建甌話</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E4%B8%AD%E8%AF%AD" title="闽中语">闽中语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E5%AE%89%E8%AF%9D" title="永安话">永安話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%8E%E8%AF%9D" title="三明话">三明話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%8E%BF%E8%AF%9D" title="沙县话">沙縣話</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BF%E6%B5%B7%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="沿海閩語">沿海閩語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E6%9D%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="閩東語">閩東語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AF%E5%AE%98%E7%89%87" title="侯官片">侯官片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="福州話">福州話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%AE%81%E7%89%87" title="福宁片">福宁片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%AE%89%E8%A9%B1" title="福安話">福安話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%AE%E8%AE%B2" title="蛮讲">蛮讲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95%E8%AF%9D" title="燕话">燕話</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%86%E4%BB%99%E8%AA%9E" title="莆仙語">興化語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%86%E7%94%B0%E8%A9%B1" title="莆田話">莆田話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E9%81%8A%E8%A9%B1" title="仙遊話">仙遊話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%9D%B5%E8%A9%B1" title="烏坵話">烏坵話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E8%85%B0%E8%AF%9D" title="澳腰话">澳腰话</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="闽南语">闽南语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E6%BC%B3%E7%89%87" title="泉漳片">泉漳片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="泉州话">泉州話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%88%E9%96%80%E8%A9%B1" title="廈門話">廈門話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%B3%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="漳州话">漳州話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E5%B2%A9%E8%AF%9D" title="龙岩话">龍巖話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A9%B1" title="臺灣話">臺灣話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%B0%E8%AF%9D" title="海丰话">海陸豐話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%AF%9D" title="东南亚福建话">東南亞福建話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">潮汕片</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">潮州话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%95%E9%A0%AD%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="汕頭話">汕頭話</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">揭陽話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%99%E5%8D%97%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="浙南閩語">浙南片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%B7%AF%E8%AF%9D" title="前路话">大田片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="中山閩語">中山片</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%8A%E9%9B%B7%E8%A9%B1" title="瓊雷話">瓊雷語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="雷州话">雷州话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%9D" title="海南话">海南话</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%9D#方言片区" title="海南话">分區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8F%A3%E8%AF%9D" title="海口话">海口話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%98%8C%E8%A9%B1" title="文昌話">文昌話</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="徽语">徽语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%A9%E6%AD%99%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="绩歙片">績歙片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%A9%E6%BA%AA%E8%AF%9D" title="绩溪话">績溪話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E9%BB%9F%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="休黟片">休黟片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%AF%E6%BA%AA%E8%AF%9D" title="屯溪话">屯溪話</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%81%E5%A9%BA%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="祁婺片">祁婺片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8C%E5%8D%A0%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="旌占片">旌占片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A5%E5%B7%9E%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="严州片">嚴州片</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%AF%9D%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%9F%E8%AF%9D" title="平话和土话">平话和土话</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E8%A5%BF%E5%B9%B3%E8%A9%B1" title="廣西平話">平话</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E8%A5%BF%E5%B9%B3%E8%A9%B1#桂南平话" title="廣西平話">桂南片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E8%A5%BF%E5%B9%B3%E8%A9%B1#桂北平话" title="廣西平話">桂北片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%98%E5%BF%B5%E8%AF%9D" title="优念话">优念话</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%AF%9D" title="土话">土话</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%9F%E8%AF%9D" title="湘南土话">湘南片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%9F%E8%AF%9D" title="粤北土话">粤北片</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E4%B9%A1%E8%AF%9D" title="瓦乡话">瓦乡话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BF%E9%9D%92%E4%BA%BA#语言" title="穿青人">老辈子话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%9D" title="孔夫话">孔夫话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E8%AF%9D" title="迈话">迈话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E9%A6%AC%E8%A9%B1" title="富馬話">富馬話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="白语">白语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A1%E9%BE%99%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="蔡龙语支">蔡龙语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A1%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1" title="蔡家話">蔡家话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="龙家语">龙家语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E4%BA%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="卢人语">卢人语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B1%9F%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E8%A9%B1" title="東江本地話">東江本地話</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="惠州话">惠州话</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%9D" title="嘉米话">嘉米話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%98%E5%BF%B5%E8%AF%9D" title="优念话">優念話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%B1%AA%E8%AF%9D" title="唐汪话">唐汪話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%92%E8%AF%9D" title="倒话">倒話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%95%89%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1" title="香蕉白話">香蕉白話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%A7%93%E6%BC%81%E6%B0%91%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="九姓漁民方言">九姓漁民方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%B1%AF%E8%A9%B1" title="五屯話">五屯話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E5%92%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="协和语">協和語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%89%B2%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="五色话">五色話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="新加坡漢語">新加坡汉語方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="马来西亚汉语方言">马来西亚汉語方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%87%E5%B3%87%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="峇峇話">峇峇話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%B3%92%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%AD" title="八峒瑶语">八峒瑶语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%9C%B0%E7%91%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="平地瑶话">平地瑶话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%95%89%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1" title="香蕉白話">香蕉白话</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">古代方言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%80%E8%AA%9E" title="蜀語">蜀語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E8%AA%9E" title="楚語">楚語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B0%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98" title="从中古汉语到官话的语音演变">从中古汉语到官话的语音演变</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E8%AF%AD_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80)" title="齐语 (语言)">齐语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古吳語">古吳語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B0%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98" title="从中古汉语到吴语的语音演变">从中古汉语到吴语的语音演变</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="原始閩語">原始闽语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="贛語的歷史">贛語歷史</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="上古贛語(页面不存在)">上古</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="中古贛語">中古</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="中世贛語">中世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%B8%96%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="近世贛語">近世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="近代贛語">近代</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="粵語歷史">粵語歷史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E9%9F%B5%E9%9F%B3" title="切韵音">切韵音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%B4%9B%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="粵贛方言">粤客赣方言</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="贛客語支">客赣方言</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E9%96%A9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="吳閩方言">吳閩方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E9%80%9A%E9%9F%B3" title="漢語方言通音">汉语方言通音</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E8%A9%9E" title="漢字詞">漢語影響</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC-%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="日本-琉球语系">日琉語系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="日语">日语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="日语漢字音">日语漢字音</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%B3%E7%9A%84%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF" title="日本漢字音的聲調">声调</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%B3)" title="古音 (日本漢字音)">古音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E9%9F%B3" title="吳音">吳音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E9%9F%B3" title="漢音">漢音</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%BC%A2%E9%9F%B3" title="新漢音">新汉音</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%9F%B3" title="唐音">唐音</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E9%9F%B3" title="宋音">宋音</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A3%E7%94%A8%E9%9F%B3" title="慣用音">惯用音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%B0%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="現地音">现地音</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%80%9F%E8%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="日语中的现代汉语借词">借词</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E8%AA%9E" title="琉球語">琉球語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%B3" title="琉球汉字音">琉球汉字音</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="朝鲜语系">朝鮮語系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜语">朝鲜语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮語漢字音">朝鲜语汉字音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E8%AA%9E" title="漢字語">汉字语</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="南亚语系">南亚语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="越南語">越南語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%B6%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="漢越音">汉越音</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%83%E9%9F%B3" title="喃音">喃音</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%83%E9%9F%B3#喃字的喃音" title="喃音">喃喃音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%83%E9%9F%B3#純喃音" title="喃音">纯喃音</a></li> <li>汉喃音 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%B6%8A%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="古漢越音">古汉越音</a></li> <li>越化汉越音</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%B6%8A%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢越語">汉越语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%B0%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="現地音">现地音</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">其他語言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E5%80%9F%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="英語中的漢語借詞列表">英語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西班牙语中的汉语借词列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Spanish words of Chinese origin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%80%9F%E8%AF%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="西班牙语中的汉语借词列表(页面不存在)">西班牙語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Spanish_words_of_Chinese_origin" class="extiw" title="en:List of Spanish words of Chinese origin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Spanish words of Chinese origin</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0b0;;"><div id="書寫系統" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8%E9%9D%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="中文書面語">書寫系統</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8%E9%9D%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="中文書面語">書寫類型</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="语素文字">语素文字</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">字形</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">類型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字">汉字</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%97" title="繁体字">繁体字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%97" title="正体字">正体字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%97" title="简化字">简化字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%AE%80%E5%AD%97" title="二简字">二简字</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%97" title="方言字">方言字</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%97" title="四川方言字">四川</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%97" title="南京方言字">南京</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="吳語字">吳語</a></li> <li>閩語 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97" title="閩語字">閩東語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E9%96%A9%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="台閩字">閩南語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E6%8E%A8%E8%96%A6%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣閩南語推薦用字">台灣閩南語推薦用字</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97" title="粵語字">粵語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E5%AF%AB%E6%8E%A8%E8%96%A6%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣客家語書寫推薦用字">客語</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">文體</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87" title="文言文">文言文</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8)" title="古文 (文學)">古文</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">文白相夾</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8F%8A%E7%AC%AC" title="三及第">三及第</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E6%96%87" title="白話文">白話文</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E6%96%87" title="官話白話文">官話白話文</a>(京白)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B7%9E%E9%9F%BB%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="中州韻白話文">中州韻白話文</a>(韻白)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E6%96%87" title="吳語白話文">吳語白話文</a>(蘇白)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E6%96%87" title="粵語白話文">粵語白話文</a>(廣白)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E6%96%87" title="閩語白話文">閩東語白話文</a>(閩白)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E6%96%87" title="閩南語白話文">閩南語白話文</a>(廈白)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="客家话">客家话白話文</a>(客白)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="表音文字">表音文字</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">字母</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96" title="汉字拉丁化">拉丁</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E5%8F%B2" title="漢字注音史">拼音史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%AD%97%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="通字方案">通字</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">官</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="官話拼音史">拼音史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%B0%8D%E7%85%A7%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="標準官話拼音對照表">北京</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%A6%A5%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="威妥瑪拼音">威妥瑪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%B5%E6%94%BF%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="郵政式拼音">郵政式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" title="國語羅馬字">國語羅馬字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="北方話拉丁化新文字">北方話拉丁化新文字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語拼音">漢語拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%BC%8F" title="國語注音符號第二式">國音二式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="通用拼音">通用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%AD%AF%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="耶魯拼音">耶魯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%A0%E6%9D%B1%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="法國遠東學院拼音">EFEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="德國式拼音">德國式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="捷克式拼音">捷克式</a></li></ul></li> <li>西南 <ul><li>川渝 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="四川话拉丁化新文字">四川話拉丁化新文字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="四川话拼音">四川話拼音</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="柳州">柳州</a></li></ul></li> <li>江淮 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="南京話拉丁化方案">南京</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E8%A1%A8" title="扬州话拉丁化字母表">揚州</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">粵</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="粵語的拼音歷史">拼音史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%B0%8D%E7%85%A7%E8%A1%A8" title="粵語拼音對照表">廣州</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E6%8B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="粵拼">粵拼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="教育學院拼音方案">教院式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E5%AF%AC%E5%BC%8F%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="粵語寬式國際音標">寬式國際音標</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%8C%AB%E5%87%8C%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="黃錫凌羅馬拼音">黃錫凌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E9%8C%AB%E7%A5%A5%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="劉錫祥拼音">劉式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%AD%AF%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="耶魯拼音">耶魯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="廣州話拼音方案">廣州拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="香港政府粵語拼音">港府方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="澳門政府粵語拼音">澳門方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyer%E2%80%93Wempe" title="Meyer–Wempe">Meyer–Wempe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" title="粵語標準羅馬字">標準羅馬字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="粤语罗马字">粵語羅馬字</a></li></ul></li> <li>四邑 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="台山话拼音方案">台山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B9%B3%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="开平话拼音方案">開平</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E6%B1%9F%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="陽江話拼音方案">陽江</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">客</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="客家白話字">白話字</a></li> <li>粵東 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="客家話拼音方案">客家話拼音方案</a></li></ul></li> <li>臺灣 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="臺灣語言音標方案">TLPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="客語通用拼音">通用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="客家語拼音方案">臺灣客語拼音方案</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">贛</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="贛語拼音" data-lang-code="gan" data-lang-name="赣语" data-foreign-title="贛語拼音"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="贛語拼音(页面不存在)">贛語拼音</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">赣语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="extiw" title="gan:贛語拼音"><span lang="gan" dir="auto">贛語拼音</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">吳</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>通用 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="吴语拉丁化方案">吳語拉丁化方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="吴语音韵罗马字">吳語音韻羅馬字</a></li></ul></li> <li>北吳 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="上海話拉丁化方案">上海</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%BC%8F%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%B3%95" title="吳語拉丁式注音法">法吳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%AF%9D%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="上海话教会罗马字">教會羅馬字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="拉丁化新文字">江南話新文字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E4%B9%83%E8%8D%A3%E5%BC%8F%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="钱乃荣式上海话拼音方案">錢式</a></li></ul></li> <li>蘇州 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="苏州话教会罗马字">教會羅馬字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="苏州话拼音方案">蘇州話拼音方案</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="教会杭州话罗马字">杭州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E6%B3%A2%E8%AF%9D%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="宁波话教会罗马字">寧波</a></li></ul></li> <li>台州 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" title="台州話羅馬字">台州話羅馬字</a></li></ul></li> <li>溫州 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" title="溫州話羅馬字">溫州話羅馬字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="拉丁化新文字">甌嘉新文字</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">閩</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>閩都 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="平話字">平話字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="福州话拼音方案">福州話拼音方案</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E5%AF%A7%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" title="建寧羅馬字">建寧羅馬字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%88%E5%8C%96%E5%B9%B3%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="興化平話字">興化平話字</a></li> <li>海南 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="海南話拼音方案">海南話拼音方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="海南白話字">海南白話字</a></li></ul></li> <li>潮汕 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="潮州話拼音方案">潮州話拼音方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="潮州白話字">潮州白話字</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="閩南語拉丁化歷史">泉漳</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%B0%8D%E7%85%A7%E8%A1%A8" class="extiw" title="v:閩南語拼音對照表">對照表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="白話字">POJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E8%AA%9E%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="臺語現代文">MLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E5%BC%8F%E5%8F%B0%E8%AA%9E%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%96%87" title="簡式台語現代文">SMLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%AF%A6%E5%8F%B0%E6%96%87" title="普實台文">PSDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="臺灣語言音標方案">TLPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E8%AA%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="臺語通用拼音">通用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案">臺羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%88%E9%96%80%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="廈門話拉丁化新文字">廈門話拉丁化新文字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="閩南話拼音方案">閩拼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="東南亞福建話拼音">東南亞</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="注音符號">注音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="注音符號">北京</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="粵語注音符號">廣府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%96%B9%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="臺灣方音符號">泉漳客家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%A5%96%E9%96%A9%E6%9D%B1%EF%BC%88%E7%A6%8F%E5%B7%9E%EF%BC%89%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="馬祖閩東(福州)語注音符號">馬祖</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="汉语西里尔字母转写系统">西里爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%9A%84%E9%9F%A9%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" title="中文的韩文转写">韓文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E8%92%99%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" title="汉字的蒙文转写">蒙文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%84%BF%E7%BB%8F" title="小儿经">阿拉伯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">文體</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" title="教會羅馬字">教會羅馬字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%B9%B2%E8%AF%AD" title="东干语">東干文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%84%BF%E7%BB%8F" title="小儿经">小儿经</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">半音節文字</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87" title="盲文">盲文/點字</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E9%BB%9E%E5%AD%97" title="粵語點字">粵語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%8E%A8%E6%88%90%E5%AD%97%E6%B3%95" title="三推成字法">三推成字法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%87%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B0%E5%AD%97" title="中国切音新字">中国切音新字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" class="mw-disambig" title="假名">假名</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="廣東語假名">客語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%AA%9E%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="臺灣語假名">閩南語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E8%AA%9E%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" class="extiw" title="v:臺語諺文">臺語諺文</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E4%B9%A6" title="女书">女书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E7%BE%85%E5%8F%B0%E6%96%87" title="漢羅台文">漢羅台文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D%E5%90%88%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="官话合声字母">官話合聲字母</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%">外语文字</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">外语汉字</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="日本汉字">日本汉字</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%88%B6%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="和制汉字">和制汉字</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="琉球漢字">琉球汉字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜汉字">朝鲜汉字</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%97" title="韩国国字">韩国国字</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AD%97" title="儒字">儒字</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0eaea;;width:1%">汉字衍生</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B0%E6%96%87" title="僰文">僰文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E4%BE%9D%E6%97%8F%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="布依族古文字">布依族古文字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%9D%97%E5%A3%AE%E5%AD%97" title="方块壮字">方块壮字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%9D%97%E4%BE%97%E5%AD%97" title="方块侗字">方块侗字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%8F%E6%96%87" title="西夏文">西夏文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E6%96%87" title="契丹文">契丹文</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%97" title="契丹大字">契丹大字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%97" title="契丹小字">契丹小字</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F%E6%96%87" title="女真文">女真文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97)" title="假名 (文字)">假名</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="平假名">平假名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%87%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="片假名">片假名</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E6%96%87" title="琉球文">琉球文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%83%E5%AD%97" title="喃字">喃字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B1%E5%96%83%E5%AD%97" title="岱喃字">岱喃字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%9A%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="谚文">谚文</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0b0;;"><div id="語言研究" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="语文学">語言研究</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD#歷史" title="汉语">漢語歷史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%BC%A2%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="原始漢藏語">原始漢藏語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="原始汉语">原始汉语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="古代汉语">古代汉语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="上古汉语">上古</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="中古汉语">中古</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="早期官话">近代</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B8%85%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1" title="明清官話">明清官話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E9%9F%B3" title="老国音">老国音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="現代標準漢語">現代標準漢語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="華語">華語</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e0e0b0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5%E5%AD%A6" title="汉语音韵学">汉语音韵学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list 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