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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Christianity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_Testament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Testament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 New Testament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Testament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_legal_status_and_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_legal_status_and_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Contemporary legal status and use </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contemporary_legal_status_and_use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Contemporary legal status and use subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_legal_status_and_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Afghanistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brunei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brunei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Brunei </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brunei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Iran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Indonesia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Iraq </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nigeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nigeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Nigeria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nigeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Pakistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saudi_Arabia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saudi_Arabia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Saudi Arabia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saudi_Arabia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sudan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sudan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Sudan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sudan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Somalia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Somalia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 Somalia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Somalia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Arab_Emirates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Arab_Emirates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11 United Arab Emirates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Arab_Emirates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_State" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_State"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.12 Islamic State </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_State-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.13 Other countries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Views </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Views subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Support </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Among_Muslims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Among_Muslims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Among Muslims </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Among_Muslims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Opposition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Human rights </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Human_rights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Human rights subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Human_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Women's_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women's_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Women's rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women's_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 LGBT rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Right_to_private_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Right_to_private_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Right to private life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Right_to_private_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Examples </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Examples subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Ancient </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Averted" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Averted"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 Averted </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Averted-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Modern </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Averted_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Averted_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Averted </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Averted_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Stoning</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" > 50 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85" title="رجم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رجم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%C5%9Fqalaq" title="Daşqalaq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Daşqalaq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chio%CC%8Dh-th%C3%A2u_t%C3%ACm" title="Chio̍h-thâu tìm – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chio̍h-thâu tìm" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Убийство с камъни – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Убийство с камъни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapidaci%C3%B3" title="Lapidació – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lapidació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poprava_ukamenov%C3%A1n%C3%ADm" title="Poprava ukamenováním – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Poprava ukamenováním" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stening" title="Stening – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stening" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinigung" title="Steinigung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Steinigung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kividega_surnuksloopimine" title="Kividega surnuksloopimine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kividega surnuksloopimine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Λιθοβολισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λιθοβολισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapidaci%C3%B3n" title="Lapidación – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lapidación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ctonumado" title="Ŝtonumado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝtonumado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrikatze" title="Harrikatze – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Harrikatze" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سنگسار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سنگسار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapidation" title="Lapidation – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lapidation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EC%84%9D%ED%98%95" title="투석형 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="투석형" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Քարկոծում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քարկոծում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamenovanje" title="Kamenovanje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kamenovanje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajam" title="Rajam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rajam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapidazione" title="Lapidazione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lapidazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94_(%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="סקילה (עונש מוות) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סקילה (עונש מוות)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom%C4%93t%C4%81%C5%A1ana_ar_akme%C5%86iem" title="Nomētāšana ar akmeņiem – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nomētāšana ar akmeņiem" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stengegung" title="Stengegung – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Stengegung" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C5%BEm%C4%97tymas_akmenimis" title="Užmėtymas akmenimis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Užmėtymas akmenimis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7" title="കല്ലെറിഞ്ഞുള്ള വധശിക്ഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കല്ലെറിഞ്ഞുള്ള വധശിക്ഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4" title="سنگ‌روش – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سنگ‌روش" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejam" title="Rejam – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rejam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steniging" title="Steniging – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Steniging" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%89%93%E3%81%A1" title="石打ち – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="石打ち" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steining" title="Steining – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Steining" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steining" title="Steining – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Steining" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukamienowanie" title="Ukamienowanie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ukamienowanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apedrejamento" title="Apedrejamento – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Apedrejamento" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapidare" title="Lapidare – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lapidare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Method of capital punishment</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Lapidation" redirects here. For the album, see <a href="/wiki/Lapidation_(album)" title="Lapidation (album)">Lapidation (album)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For rock throwing in general, see <a href="/wiki/Stone_throwing" title="Stone throwing">Stone throwing</a>. For the method of metalworking, see <a href="/wiki/Stoning_(metalworking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoning (metalworking)">Stoning (metalworking)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Stoning_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Stoning (disambiguation)">Stoning (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marx_Reichlich_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Marx_Reichlich_001.jpg/220px-Marx_Reichlich_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Marx_Reichlich_001.jpg/330px-Marx_Reichlich_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Marx_Reichlich_001.jpg/440px-Marx_Reichlich_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="2487" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Saint Stephen</a>, first martyr of Christianity, painted in 1506 by <a href="/wiki/Marx_Reichlich" title="Marx Reichlich">Marx Reichlich</a> (1460–1520) (Pinakothek of <a 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.sidebar-above{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .law-sidebar .sidebar-below{padding:0.4em;border-top:1px #aaa solid;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist law-sidebar"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Homicide" title="Homicide">Homicide</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">Murder</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> Note: Varies by <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction_(area)" title="Jurisdiction (area)">jurisdiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">Assassination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_murder" title="Attempted murder">Attempted murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_murder" title="Child murder">Child murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consensual_homicide" title="Consensual homicide">Consensual homicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_killing" title="Contract killing">Contract killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_passion" title="Crime of passion">Crime of passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depraved-heart_murder" title="Depraved-heart murder">Depraved-heart murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felony_murder_rule" title="Felony murder rule">Felony murder rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foeticide" title="Foeticide">Foeticide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_killing" title="Honor killing">Honor killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">Human cannibalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_cannibalism" title="Child cannibalism">Child cannibalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice" title="Human sacrifice">Human sacrifice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_sacrifice" title="Child sacrifice">Child sacrifice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_homicide" title="Internet homicide">Internet homicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonely_hearts_killer" title="Lonely hearts killer">Lonely hearts killer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lust_murder" title="Lust murder">Lust murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_murder" title="Mass murder">Mass murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_shooting" title="Mass shooting">Mass shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_stabbing" title="Mass stabbing">Mass stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misdemeanor_murder" title="Misdemeanor murder">Misdemeanor murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_for_body_parts" title="Murder for body parts">Murder for body parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder%E2%80%93suicide" title="Murder–suicide">Murder–suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poisoning" title="Poisoning">Poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_murder" title="Proxy murder">Proxy murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudocommando" title="Pseudocommando">Pseudocommando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_killer" title="Serial killer">Serial killer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_mercy_(criminology)" title="Angel of mercy (criminology)">Angel of mercy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spree_killer" title="Spree killer">Spree killer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrill_killing" title="Thrill killing">Thrill killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_murder" title="Torture murder">Torture murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle-ramming_attack" title="Vehicle-ramming attack">Vehicle-ramming attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrongful_execution" title="Wrongful execution">Wrongful execution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_murder" title="Judicial murder">Judicial murder</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Manslaughter" title="Manslaughter">Manslaughter</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manslaughter_in_English_law" title="Manslaughter in English law">In English law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_manslaughter" title="Voluntary manslaughter">Voluntary manslaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negligent_homicide" title="Negligent homicide">Negligent homicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_homicide" title="Vehicular homicide">Vehicular homicide</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Non-criminal homicide</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> Note: Varies by <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction_(area)" title="Jurisdiction (area)">jurisdiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assisted_suicide" title="Assisted suicide">Assisted suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia" title="Euthanasia">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foeticide" title="Foeticide">Foeticide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justifiable_homicide" title="Justifiable homicide">Justifiable homicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licence_to_kill_(concept)" title="Licence to kill (concept)">"License to kill"</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Family</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avunculicide" title="Avunculicide">Avunculicide/Nepoticide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familicide" title="Familicide">Familicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariticide" title="Mariticide">Mariticide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uxoricide" title="Uxoricide">Uxoricide</a></li> <li>Prolicide <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filicide" title="Filicide">Filicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanticide" title="Infanticide">Infanticide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neonaticide" title="Neonaticide">Neonaticide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siblicide" title="Siblicide">Siblicide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fratricide" title="Fratricide">Fratricide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sororicide" title="Sororicide">Sororicide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parricide" title="Parricide">Parricide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matricide" title="Matricide">Matricide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricide" title="Patricide">Patricide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senicide" title="Senicide">Senicide</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion" title="Crucifixion">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deicide" title="Deicide">Deicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire" title="Friendly fire">Friendly fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Femicide" title="Femicide">Femicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androcide" title="Androcide">Androcide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_extinction" title="Human extinction">Omnicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regicide" title="Regicide">Regicide</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspicious_death" title="Suspicious death">Suspicious death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrannicide" title="Tyrannicide">Tyrannicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">War crime</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Homicide" title="Template:Homicide"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Homicide" title="Template talk:Homicide"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Homicide" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Homicide"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Stoning, or lapidation, is a method of <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">capital punishment</a> where a group throws <a href="/wiki/Stones" class="mw-redirect" title="Stones">stones</a> at a person until the subject dies from <a href="/wiki/Blunt_trauma" title="Blunt trauma">blunt trauma</a>. It has been attested as a form of punishment for grave misdeeds since ancient times. Stoning appears to have been the standard method of capital punishment in ancient Israel [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. Its use is attested in the early Christian era, but Jewish courts generally avoided stoning sentences in later times. Only a few isolated instances of legal stoning are recorded in pre-modern history of the Islamic world. Criminal laws of most modern Muslim-majority countries have been derived from Western models. In recent decades several states have inserted stoning and other hudud (pl. of hadd) punishments into their penal codes under the influence of <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> movements. These laws hold particular importance for religious conservatives due to their scriptural origin, though in practice they have played a largely symbolic role and tended to fall into disuse. The <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> prescribe stoning as punishment for a number of offenses. Over the centuries, <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</a> developed a number of procedural constraints which made these laws practically unenforceable. Although stoning is not mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, classical Islamic jurisprudence (<a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a>) imposed stoning as a <a href="/wiki/Hudud" title="Hudud">hadd</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a>-prescribed) punishment for certain forms of <a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina">zina</a> (illicit sexual intercourse) on the basis of <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> (sayings and actions attributed to the Islamic prophet <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>). It also developed a number of procedural requirements which made zina difficult to prove in practice. In recent times, stoning has been a legal or customary punishment in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, and tribal parts of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, including the northwest <a href="/wiki/Kurram_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurram Valley">Kurram Valley</a> and the northwest Khwezai-Baezai region though it is rarely carried out.<a href="#cite_note-ebtrf-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-cell_phone_stoning-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> In some of these countries, including Afghanistan, it has been carried out <a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing" title="Extrajudicial killing">extrajudicially</a> by militants, tribal leaders, and others.<a href="#cite_note-cell_phone_stoning-2">[2]</a> In some other countries, including Nigeria and Pakistan, although stoning is a legal form of punishment, it has never been legally carried out. Stoning is condemned by human rights organizations. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> Stoning is attested in the Near East since ancient times as a form of capital punishment for grave sins.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> However stoning as a practice was not geographically limited to only the Near East, and there is significant historical record of stoning being employed among the Greeks and Romans as well.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The ancient geographer <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> describes both the elder and younger <a href="/wiki/Aristocrates_of_Orchomenus" title="Aristocrates of Orchomenus">Aristocrates of Orchomenus</a> being stoned to death in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a> around the 7th century BCE. Stoning was "presumably" the standard form of capital punishment in ancient Israel.<a href="#cite_note-judaica-cohn-7">[7]</a> It is attested in the Old Testament as a punishment for blasphemy, idolatry and other crimes, in which the entire community pelted the offender with stones outside a city.<a href="#cite_note-browning-8">[8]</a> The death of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a>, as reported in the New Testament (Acts 7:58) was also organized in this way. <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a> was stoned and left for dead in <a href="/wiki/Lystra" title="Lystra">Lystra</a> (Acts 14:19). <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a> report that <a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a> stoned <a href="/wiki/James,_brother_of_Jesus" title="James, brother of Jesus">James, brother of Jesus</a>, after hurling him from the pinnacle of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Temple</a> shortly before the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)">fall of Jerusalem</a> in 70 CE. Historians disagree as to whether Roman authorities allowed Jewish communities to apply capital punishment to those who broke religious laws, or whether these episodes represented a form of <a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">lynching</a>.<a href="#cite_note-browning-8">[8]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Late_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antiquity">Late Antiquity</a>, the tendency of not applying the death penalty at all became predominant in Jewish courts.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Where medieval Jewish courts had the power to pass and execute death sentences, they continued to do so for particularly grave offenses, although not necessarily the ones defined by the law, and they generally refrained from use of stoning.<a href="#cite_note-judaica-cohn-7">[7]</a> Aside from "a few rare and isolated" instances from the pre-modern era and several recent cases, there is no historical record of stoning for zina being legally carried out in the Islamic world.<a href="#cite_note-Semerdjian-10">[10]</a> In the modern era, sharia-based criminal laws have been widely replaced by statutes inspired by European models.<a href="#cite_note-vikor-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-otto-20-12">[12]</a> However, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_revival" title="Islamic revival">Islamic revival</a> of the late 20th century brought along the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> movements calling for full implementation of sharia, including reinstatement of stoning and other <a href="/wiki/Hudud" title="Hudud">hudud</a> punishments.<a href="#cite_note-vikor-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-mayer-13">[13]</a> A number of factors have contributed to the rise of these movements, including the failure of authoritarian secular regimes to meet the expectations of their citizens, and a desire of Muslim populations to return to more culturally authentic forms of socio-political organization in the face of a perceived cultural invasion from the West.<a href="#cite_note-stewart-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Supporters of sharia-based legal reforms felt that "Western law" had its chance to bring development and justice, and hoped that a return to Islamic law would produce better results. They also hoped that introduction of harsh penalties would put an end to crime and social problems.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In practice, Islamization campaigns have focused on a few highly visible issues associated with the conservative Muslim identity, particularly women's <a href="/wiki/Hijab" title="Hijab">hijab</a> and the hudud criminal punishments (whipping, stoning and amputation) prescribed for certain crimes.<a href="#cite_note-stewart-14">[14]</a> For many Islamists, hudud punishments are at the core of the divine sharia because they are specified by the letter of scripture rather than by human interpreters. Modern Islamists have often rejected, at least in theory, the stringent procedural constraints developed by classical jurists to restrict their application.<a href="#cite_note-vikor-11">[11]</a> Several countries, including Iran, Pakistan, Sudan, and some Nigerian states have incorporated hudud rules into their criminal justice systems, which, however, retained fundamental influences of earlier Westernizing reforms.<a href="#cite_note-vikor-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-mayer-13">[13]</a> In practice, these changes were largely symbolic, and aside from some cases brought to trial to demonstrate that the new rules were being enforced, hudud punishments tended to fall into disuse, sometimes to be revived depending on the local political climate.<a href="#cite_note-vikor-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-otto-20-12">[12]</a> The supreme courts of Sudan and Iran have rarely approved verdicts of stoning or amputation, and the supreme courts of Pakistan and Nigeria have never done so.<a href="#cite_note-otto-20-12">[12]</a> Unlike other countries, where stoning was introduced into state law as part of recent reforms, Saudi Arabia has never adopted a criminal code and Saudi judges still follow traditional <a href="/wiki/Hanbali" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanbali">Hanbali</a> jurisprudence.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Death sentences in Saudi Arabia are pronounced almost exclusively based on the system of judicial sentencing discretion (<a href="/wiki/Tazir" title="Tazir">tazir</a>) rather than sharia-prescribed (hudud) punishments, following the classical principle that hudud penalties should be avoided if possible.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In China, stoning was one of the many methods of killing carried out during the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Guangxi_Massacre" title="Guangxi Massacre">Guangxi Massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_scripture_and_law">Religious scripture and law</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Religious scripture and law">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stoning_of_woman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Stoning_of_woman.jpg/290px-Stoning_of_woman.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Stoning_of_woman.jpg/435px-Stoning_of_woman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Stoning_of_woman.jpg/580px-Stoning_of_woman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1976" data-file-height="990" /></a><figcaption>The Stoning of an Adulteress, illustration to a manuscript of <a href="/wiki/1001_Nights" class="mw-redirect" title="1001 Nights">1001 Nights</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sani_ol_molk" class="mw-redirect" title="Sani ol molk">Abu'l Hasan Ghaffari</a> or his atelier. Tehran, 1853–1857.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judaism">Judaism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Judaism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Capital_and_corporal_punishment_in_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital and corporal punishment in Judaism">Capital and corporal punishment in Judaism</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Torah">Torah</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Torah">edit</a>]</div> The Jewish <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> (the first five books of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>: <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">Leviticus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Numbers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a>) serves as a common religious reference for <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>. Stoning is the method of execution mentioned most frequently in the Torah. (Murder is not mentioned as an offense punishable by stoning, but it seems that a member of the victim's family was allowed to kill the murderer; see <a href="/wiki/Avenger_of_blood" class="mw-redirect" title="Avenger of blood">avenger of blood</a>.) <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mishna">Mishna</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mishna">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mode_of_judgment">Mode of judgment</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mode of judgment">edit</a>]</div> In rabbinic law, capital punishment may be inflicted by only the verdict of a regularly constituted court of twenty-three qualified members. There must be the most trustworthy and convincing testimony of at least two qualified eyewitnesses to the crime, who must also depose that the culprit had been forewarned of the criminality and the consequences of such a project.<a href="#cite_note-jewishencyclopedia.com-20">[20]</a> The culprit must be a person of legal age and of sound mind, and the crime must be proved to have been committed of the culprit's free will and without the aid of others. In the Talmud, the specific method of stoning (known as sekilah) involved throwing the condemned person off a height, typically twice the height of an average person, so that they would fall to the ground. If the fall did not result in death, a large stone would be dropped on the person's chest. If this still did not cause death, bystanders would then continue to hurl stones until the person was dead.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Christianity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jesus_and_the_woman_taken_in_adultery" title="Jesus and the woman taken in adultery">Jesus and the woman taken in adultery</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Testament">New Testament</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: New Testament">edit</a>]</div> In John 7:53–8:11, Jesus saves a woman accused of committing adultery from being stoned to death by challenging her accusers that the one who is without sin should cast the first stone at her. This causes her accusers to depart as they realize that not one of them is without sin. Jesus then tells the woman that he too does not condemn her and instructs her to go and sin no more. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Islam">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Stoning_in_Islam" title="Stoning in Islam">Stoning in Islam</a></div> Under Islamic <a href="/wiki/Sharia_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharia law">sharia law</a> stoning is the prescribed punishment for adultery based on the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> as primary sources. While stoning is not mentioned as a form of capital punishment in the canonical text of the Quran, it is prescribed in various hadiths. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_legal_status_and_use">Contemporary legal status and use</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Contemporary legal status and use">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_map_showing_countries_where_public_stoning_is_judicial_or_extrajudicial_form_of_punishment.SVG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/A_map_showing_countries_where_public_stoning_is_judicial_or_extrajudicial_form_of_punishment.SVG/500px-A_map_showing_countries_where_public_stoning_is_judicial_or_extrajudicial_form_of_punishment.SVG.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/A_map_showing_countries_where_public_stoning_is_judicial_or_extrajudicial_form_of_punishment.SVG/750px-A_map_showing_countries_where_public_stoning_is_judicial_or_extrajudicial_form_of_punishment.SVG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/A_map_showing_countries_where_public_stoning_is_judicial_or_extrajudicial_form_of_punishment.SVG/1000px-A_map_showing_countries_where_public_stoning_is_judicial_or_extrajudicial_form_of_punishment.SVG.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>A map showing countries where public stoning is a judicial or <a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing" title="Extrajudicial killing">extrajudicial</a> form of punishment, as of 2020.<a href="#cite_note-ebtrf-1">[1]</a></figcaption></figure> Countries that retain a provision for the punishment of stoning in their laws: Afghanistan,<a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[22]</a> Brunei,<a href="#cite_note-:6-23">[23]</a> Iran,<a href="#cite_note-Nayyeri-24">[24]</a> Iraq[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] , Nigeria,<a href="#cite_note-:8-25">[25]</a> Pakistan,<a href="#cite_note-:9-26">[26]</a> Saudi Arabia[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>], Sudan,<a href="#cite_note-:10-27">[27]</a> Somalia[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>], Yemen[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. Countries in which stonings have recently been carried out :Afghanistan,<a href="#cite_note-:11-28">[28]</a> Iran,<a href="#cite_note-:12-29">[29]</a> Iraq<a href="#cite_note-:13-30">[30]</a> Somalia,<a href="#cite_note-:14-31">[31]</a> Nigeria<a href="#cite_note-:15-32">[32]</a> Pakistan<a href="#cite_note-:16-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Afghanistan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Farkhunda_Malikzada" title="Murder of Farkhunda Malikzada">Murder of Farkhunda Malikzada</a></div> Stoning has been reinstated as a form of punishment after the Taliban regained power in 2021. In 2023, the Taliban reaffirmed their commitment to administering the death penalty by stoning, focusing in their message especially on the punishment of women for the crime of adultery.<a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[22]</a> And there have been reports of the Taliban stoning women to death.<a href="#cite_note-:11-28">[28]</a> Before the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan">Taliban government</a>, most areas of Afghanistan, aside from the capital, <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, were controlled by warlords or tribal leaders. The Afghan legal system depended highly on an individual community's local culture and the political or religious ideology of its leaders. Stoning also occurred in lawless areas, where vigilantes committed the act for political purposes. Once the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> took over in 1996, it became a form of punishment for certain serious crimes or <a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">adultery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Indstoningvid-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-GuardianRokhsana-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hakimi-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-LATimes2010-37">[37]</a> After the fall of the Taliban government, the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Hamid_Karzai" title="Presidency of Hamid Karzai">Karzai administration</a> re-enforced the 1976 penal code which made no provision for the use of stoning as a punishment. In 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Afghanistan)" title="Ministry of Justice (Afghanistan)">Ministry of Justice</a> proposed public stoning as punishment for adultery.<a href="#cite_note-hrw2013-38">[38]</a> However, the government had to back down from the proposal after it was leaked and triggered international outcry.<a href="#cite_note-GuardianRokhsana-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brunei">Brunei</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Brunei">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Brunei" title="Capital punishment in Brunei">Capital punishment in Brunei</a></div> In 2019, Brunei implemented a new Sharia Penal Code which includes a mandatory death penalty by stoning for many crimes. However, the Sultan has declared that Brunei's de facto <a href="/wiki/Moratorium_(law)" title="Moratorium (law)">moratorium</a> on the death penalty would apply to this law as well. Brunei has not carried out any executions since 1957.<a href="#cite_note-:6-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Iran">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Iran" title="Capital punishment in Iran">Capital punishment in Iran</a></div> Iran's penal code contains stoning as a possible form of punishment and allows punishment to be based on <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a> (traditional Islamic jurisprudence), which includes provisions for stoning.<a href="#cite_note-Nayyeri-24">[24]</a> Although the Iranian judiciary officially placed a moratorium on stoning in 2002, various instances of stonings in Iran have been documented since then. In 2013, the spokesman for the Iranian Parliament's Justice Commission confirmed that while the Penal Code no longer prescribes stoning, it remains a valid punishment under sharia, which is enforceable under the Penal Code.<a href="#cite_note-cornell-39">[39]</a> In 2009, two people were stoned to death in Mashhad, <a href="/wiki/Razavi_Khorasan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Razavi Khorasan Province">Razavi Khorasan Province</a> as punishment for the crime of adultery.<a href="#cite_note-:12-29">[29]</a> The most known case in Iran was the stoning of <a href="/wiki/Soraya_Manutchehri" class="mw-redirect" title="Soraya Manutchehri">Soraya Manutchehri</a> in 1986. <dl><dt>Methods</dt></dl> In the 2008 version of the <a href="/wiki/Hudud" title="Hudud">Islamic Penal Code</a> of Iran detailed how stoning punishments are to be carried out for adultery, and even hints in some contexts that the punishment may allow for its victims to avoid death:<a href="#cite_note-AmnestyEndExecutions-40">[40]</a> <blockquote>Article 102 – An adulterous man shall be buried in a ditch up to near his waist and an adulterous woman up to near her chest and then stoned to death.</blockquote> <blockquote>Article 103 – In case the person sentenced to stoning escapes the ditch in which they are buried, then if the adultery is proven by testimony then they will be returned for the punishment but if it is proven by their own confession then they will not be returned.<a href="#cite_note-AmnestyEndExecutions-40">[40]</a></blockquote> <blockquote>Article 104 – The size of the stone used in stoning shall not be too large to kill the convict by one or two throws and at the same time shall not be too small to be called a stone.<a href="#cite_note-AmnestyEndExecutions-40">[40]</a></blockquote> Depending upon the details of the case, the stoning may be initiated by the judge overseeing the matter or by one of the original witnesses to the adultery.<a href="#cite_note-AmnestyEndExecutions-40">[40]</a> Certain religious procedures may also need to be followed both before and after the implementation of a stoning execution, such as wrapping the person being stoned in traditional burial dress before the procedure.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> The method of stoning set out in the 2008 code was similar to that in a 1999 version of Iran's penal code.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Iran revised its penal code in 2013. The new code does not include the above passages, but does include stoning as a <a href="/wiki/Hudud" title="Hudud">hadd</a> punishment.<a href="#cite_note-Nayyeri-24">[24]</a> For example, Book I, Part III, Chapter 5, Article 132 of the new Islamic Penal Code (IPC) of 2013 in the Islamic Republic of Iran states, "If a man and a woman commit <a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina">zina</a> together more than one time, if the death penalty and flogging or stoning and flogging are imposed, only the death penalty or stoning, whichever is applicable, shall be executed".<a href="#cite_note-ipciri2014-43">[43]</a> Book 2, Part II, Chapter 1, Article 225 of the Iran's IPC released in 2013 states, "the hadd punishment for zina of a man and a woman who meet the conditions of ihsan shall be stoning to death".<a href="#cite_note-ipciri2014-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Indonesia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Islamic_criminal_law_in_Aceh" title="Islamic criminal law in Aceh">Islamic criminal law in Aceh</a></div> The province of <a href="/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> enforces some provisions of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_criminal_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic criminal law">Islamic criminal law</a>. IIn 2009, the Aceh provincial parliament proposed a new criminal code that included stoning for adultery, but this was vetoed by the Governor. In 2014, a new version of the law was passed which does not contain the stoning provision for adultery.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iraq">Iraq</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Iraq">edit</a>]</div> In Iraq, various groups of people have used stoning as a form of punishment in recent times. Yazidis: In 2007, <a href="/wiki/Stoning_of_Du%27a_Khalil_Aswad" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoning of Du'a Khalil Aswad">Du'a Khalil Aswad</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Yazidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yazidi">Yazidi</a> girl, was stoned by her fellow tribesmen in northern <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> causing large scale protests and retaliatory attacks by militant Muslims due to conflicting reports that she had been Stoned because she had converted to Islam.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Shi'ite militants: In 2012 at least 14 youths were stoned to death in Baghdad, apparently as part of a Shi'ite militant campaign against Western-style "<a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">emo</a>" fashion. It was followed by condemnation by Shiite scholars.<a href="#cite_note-:13-30">[30]</a> Islamic State militants: An Iraqi man was stoned to death by IS, in August 2014, in the northern city of Mosul after one Sunni Islamic court sentenced him to die for the crime of adultery.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nigeria">Nigeria</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Nigeria">edit</a>]</div> Since the sharia legal system was introduced in the predominantly Muslim north of <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> in 2000, more than a dozen Nigerian Muslims have been sentenced to death by stoning for sexual offences ranging from adultery to homosexuality. However, none of these sentences have actually been carried out. They have either been thrown out on appeal, commuted to prison terms or left unenforced, in part as a result of pressure from human rights groups.<a href="#cite_note-:8-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-who-speaks-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Although the Nigerian state has so far not carried out any stonings, the Muslim population in northern Nigeria has taken the enforcement of Sharia law into their own hands through mob killings of alleged blasphemers. In 2023 a butcher was stoned to death by a mob in Sokoto, which included children throwing rocks. A devout Muslim himself, he reportedly argued with a beggar that she should seek alms in the name of Allah rather than the Prophet Muhammad, in reference to Hadith <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islambasics.com/chapter/about-begging-in-the-name-of-allah/">1723</a>. Other traders interpreted his comments as blasphemous.<a href="#cite_note-:15-32">[32]</a> In 2022, a Christian student in Sokoto was accused of blasphemy and then beaten to death by a mob of students throwing sticks and stones at her before setting her on fire.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Pakistan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Pakistan" title="Capital punishment in Pakistan">Capital punishment in Pakistan</a></div> As part of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq%27s_Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization">Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization</a> measures, stoning to death (<a href="/wiki/Rajm" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajm">rajm</a>) at a public place was introduced into law via the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Hudood_Ordinances" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudood Ordinances">Hudood Ordinances</a> as punishment for adultery (zina) and rape (zina-bil-jabr) when committed by a married person.<a href="#cite_note-:9-26">[26]</a> However, stoning has never been officially utilized since the law came into effect and all judicial executions occur by hanging.<a href="#cite_note-GallowPak-52">[52]</a> The first conviction and sentence of stoning in September 1981 was overturned under national and international pressure. Another conviction for adultery and sentence of stoning in early 1988 sparked outrage and led to a retrial and acquittal by the Federal Sharia Court. In this case the trial court took the view that notice of divorce by the defendands former husband should have been given to the Chairman of the local council, as stipulated under Section-7(3) of the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961. This section states that any man who divorces his wife must register it with the Union Council. Otherwise, the court concluded that the divorce stood invalidated and the couple became liable to conviction under the Adultery ordinance. In 2006, the ordinances providing for stoning in the case of adultery or rape were legislatively demoted from overriding status.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing" title="Extrajudicial killing">Extrajudicial</a> stonings in Pakistan have been known to happen in recent times. In March 2013, a Pakistani soldier stationed in <a href="/wiki/Parachinar" title="Parachinar">Parachinar</a>, was publicly stoned to death for allegedly having a love affair with a girl from a village in the country's north western <a href="/wiki/Kurram_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurram Agency">Kurram Agency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:16-33">[33]</a> On 11 July 2013 a young mother of two, was sentenced by a tribal court in <a href="/wiki/Dera_Ghazi_Khan_District" title="Dera Ghazi Khan District">Dera Ghazi Khan District</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a>, to be stoned to death for possessing a cell phone. Members of her family were ordered to execute her sentence and her body was buried in the desert far away from her village.<a href="#cite_note-cell_phone_stoning-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In February 2014, a couple in a remote area of <a href="/wiki/Baluchistan,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Baluchistan, Pakistan">Baluchistan</a> province was stoned to death after being accused of an adulterous relationship.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> On 27 May 2014, Farzana Parveen, a 25-year-old married woman who was three months pregnant, was killed by being attacked with batons and bricks by nearly 20 members of her family outside the high court of <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> in front of "a crowd of onlookers" according to a statement by a police investigator. The assailants, who allegedly included her father and brothers, attacked her and her husband with batons and bricks. Her father, who was arrested for murder, reportedly called the murder an "honor killing" and said "I killed my daughter as she had insulted all of our family by marrying a man without our consent."<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The man told a news agency that he had strangled his previous wife in order to marry his seconds wife, and police said that he had been released for killing his first wife because a "compromise" had been reached with his family.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saudi_Arabia">Saudi Arabia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Saudi Arabia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Capital punishment in Saudi Arabia">Capital punishment in Saudi Arabia</a></div> Legal stoning sentences have been reported in <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ISHR-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-aroundtheworld-59">[59]</a> There were four cases of execution by stoning reported between 1981 and 1992, but nothing since.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sudan">Sudan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sudan">edit</a>]</div> In Sudan, stoning is an obligatory sentence for certain crimes under the Sudanese Criminal Act of 1991.<a href="#cite_note-:10-27">[27]</a> In 2019, a Transitional Military Council signed a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Sudan_2019">Constitutional Declaration</a> which contains a chapter on rights and freedoms for Sudanese citizens that declares no one shall be subject to torture, humiliation, or ill-treatment.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> However, the 1991 law is still in effect, and in June 2022, the Kosti Criminal Court sentenced a 20-year-old woman to death by stoning for adultery. The court of appeals overturned this sentence due to the lack of implementation of fair trial standards and returned the case for judicial review to the first-instance court.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Somalia">Somalia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Somalia">edit</a>]</div> In October 2008, a 13-year-old girl, <a href="/wiki/Aisha_Ibrahim_Duhulow" class="mw-redirect" title="Aisha Ibrahim Duhulow">Aisha Ibrahim Duhulow</a>, reported being gang-raped by three armed men to the local <a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">al-Shabaab militia</a>-dominated police force in <a href="/wiki/Kismayo" title="Kismayo">Kismayo</a>, a city that was controlled <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamist</a> insurgents.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> The insurgents claimed that Aisha had committed adultery by seducing the men, and went on to allege that she was 23 years of age (a claim disproven by both Aisha's father and aunt) and that she had expressly stated she wanted sharia law to be applied in her sentencing, thus theoretically justifying the capital punishment of stoning.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> However, numerous witnesses have reported that in actuality Aisha had been visibly confused, crying, begging for mercy, and was physically forced into the hole in which she was buried up to her neck and stoned.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> In September 2014, al-Shabaab militants stoned a woman to death, after she was declared guilty of adultery by an informal court.<a href="#cite_note-:14-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Arab_Emirates">United Arab Emirates</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: United Arab Emirates">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Capital punishment in the United Arab Emirates">Capital punishment in the United Arab Emirates</a></div> Since 2020, stoning is no longer a legal form of punishment following an amendment to the Federal Penal Code.<a href="#cite_note-:7-66">[66]</a> Before 2020, stoning was the default method of execution for <a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">adultery</a>,<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> and several people were sentenced to death by stoning.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_State">Islamic State</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Islamic State">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></div> Several adultery executions by stoning committed by <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">IS</a> were reported in the autumn of 2014.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc.com-74">[74]</a> The Islamic State's magazine, <a href="/wiki/Dabiq_(magazine)" title="Dabiq (magazine)">Dabiq</a>, documented the stoning of a woman in <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a> as a punishment for adultery.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In October 2014, IS released a video appearing to show a Syrian man stone his daughter to death for alleged adultery.<a href="#cite_note-bbc.com-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_countries">Other countries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Other countries">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, mob lynching has become a common form of <a href="/wiki/Vigilante_justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Vigilante justice">vigilante justice</a>, and is considered a legacy of the civil war.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In 2000, in the Guatemalan town of <a href="/wiki/Todos_Santos_Cuchumat%C3%A1n" title="Todos Santos Cuchumatán">Todos Santos Cuchumatán</a>, a bus driver and a Japanese tourist were stoned to death by a mob due to rumors that foreign tourists intend to kidnap Guatemalan children.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> In 2021, a mob of more than 600 villagers in <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> accused an Italian tourist of murdering a homeless man and stoned him to death.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views">Views</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Views">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support">Support</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Support">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Among_Muslims">Among Muslims</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Among Muslims">edit</a>]</div> A survey conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> in 2013 found varying support in the global Muslim population for stoning as a punishment for adultery (sex between people where at least one person is married; when both participants are unmarried they get 100 lashes). Highest support for stoning is found in Muslims of the Middle East-North Africa region and South-Asian countries while generally less support is found in Muslims living in the Mediterranean and Central Asian countries. Support is consistently higher in Muslims who want <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a> to be the law of the land than in Muslims who do not want Sharia.<a href="#cite_note-Pewsharia-81">[81]</a> Support for stoning in various countries is as follows: South Asia: Pakistan (86% in all Muslims, 89% in Muslims who say Sharia should be the law of the land), Afghanistan (84% in all Muslims, 85% in Muslims who say Sharia should be the law of the land), Bangladesh (54% in all Muslims, 55% in Muslims who say Sharia should be the law of the land)<a href="#cite_note-Pewsharia-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-PewPDF2013-82">[82]</a> Middle East-North Africa: Palestinian territories (81% in all Muslims, 84% in Muslims who say Sharia should be the law of the land), Egypt (80% in all Muslims, 81% in Muslims who say Sharia should be the law of the land), Jordan (65% in all Muslims, 67% in Muslims who say Sharia should be the law of the land), Iraq (57% in all Muslims, 58% in Muslims who say Sharia should be the law of the land)<a href="#cite_note-Pewsharia-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-PewPDF2013-82">[82]</a> Southeast Asia: Malaysia (54% in all Muslims, 60% in Muslims who say Sharia should be the law of the land), Indonesia (42% in all Muslims, 48% in Muslims who say Sharia should be the law of the land), Thailand (44% in all Muslims, 51% in Muslims who say Sharia should be the law of the land)<a href="#cite_note-Pewsharia-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-PewPDF2013-82">[82]</a> Sub-Saharan Africa: Niger (70% in all Muslims), Djibouti (67%), Mali (58%), Senegal (58%), Guinea Bissau (54%), Tanzania (45%), Ghana (42%), DR Congo (39%), Cameroon (36%), Nigeria (33%)<a href="#cite_note-Pewsharia-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-PewPDF2013-82">[82]</a> Central Asia: Kyrgyzstan (26% in all Muslims, 39% in Muslims who say Sharia should be the law of the land), Tajikistan (25% in all Muslims, 51% in Muslims who say Sharia should be the law of the land), Azerbaijan (16%), Turkey (9% in all Muslims, 29% in Muslims who say Sharia should be the law of the land)<a href="#cite_note-Pewsharia-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-PewPDF2013-82">[82]</a> Southern and Eastern Europe: Russia (13% in all Muslims, 26% in Muslims who say sharia should be the law of the land), Kosovo (9% in all Muslims, 25% in Muslims who say Sharia should be the law of the land), Albania (6% in all Muslims, 25% in Muslims who say Sharia should be the law of the land), Bosnia (6% in all Muslims, 21% in Muslims who say Sharia should be the law of the land)<a href="#cite_note-Pewsharia-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-PewPDF2013-82">[82]</a> Places where substantial numbers of Muslims did not answer the survey's question or are undecided about whether they support stoning for adultery include Malaysia (19% of all Muslims), Kosovo (18%), Iraq (14%), Democratic Republic of the Congo (12%) and Tajikistan (10%).<a href="#cite_note-PewPDF2013-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition">Opposition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Opposition">edit</a>]</div> The Catholic Church condemns stoning, calling it "a particularly brutal form of capital punishment."<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> Stoning has been condemned by several human rights organizations. Some groups, such as <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a><a href="#cite_note-amnstoning-83">[83]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, oppose all capital punishment, including stoning. Other groups, such as RAWA (<a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Association_of_the_Women_of_Afghanistan" title="Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan">Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan</a>), or the International Committee against Stoning (ICAS), oppose stoning per se as an especially cruel practice. Specific sentences of stoning, such as the <a href="/wiki/Amina_Lawal" title="Amina Lawal">Amina Lawal</a> case, have often generated international protest. Groups such as Human Rights Watch,<a href="#cite_note-hrwstoning-84">[84]</a> while in sympathy with these protests, have raised a concern that the Western focus on stoning as an especially "exotic" or "barbaric" act distracts from what they view as the larger problems of capital punishment. They argue that the "more fundamental human rights issue in Nigeria is the dysfunctional justice system." In Iran, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_Stoning_Forever_Campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stop Stoning Forever Campaign (page does not exist)">Stop Stoning Forever Campaign</a> was formed by various women's rights activists after a man and a woman were stoned to death in <a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a> in May 2006. The campaign's main goal is to legally abolish stoning as a form of punishment for adultery in Iran.<a href="#cite_note-meydaan-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Human rights">edit</a>]</div> Stoning is considered a form of torture under the definition of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_Against_Torture" title="United Nations Convention Against Torture">United Nations Convention Against Torture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> To apply the punishment of stoning is a violation of the human right against torture, defined in Article 5 of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women's_rights">Women's rights</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Women's rights">edit</a>]</div> Stoning has been condemned as a violation of <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a> and a form of <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a> against women. Although stoning is also applied to men, the vast majority of the victims are reported to be women.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> According to the international group Women Living Under Muslim Laws stoning "is one of the most brutal forms of violence perpetrated against women in order to control and punish their sexuality and basic freedoms".<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Amnesty International has argued that the reasons for which women suffer disproportionately from stoning include the fact that women are not treated equally and fairly by the courts; the fact that, being more likely to be <a href="/wiki/Illiterate" class="mw-redirect" title="Illiterate">illiterate</a> than men, women are more likely to sign confessions to crimes which they did not commit; and the fact that general discrimination against women in other life aspects leaves them at higher risk of convictions for adultery.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBT_rights">LGBT rights</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: LGBT rights">edit</a>]</div> Stoning also targets homosexuals and others who have same-sex relations in certain jurisdictions. In <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Mauritania">Mauritania</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ebtrf-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Northern_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Northern Nigeria">Northern Nigeria</a>,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Somalia">Somalia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ebtrf-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Brunei">Brunei</a>,<a href="#cite_note-bruneistoninglaw-94">[94]</a> and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Yemen">Yemen</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ebtrf-1">[1]</a> the legal punishment for <a href="/wiki/Sodomy" title="Sodomy">sodomy</a> is death by stoning. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Right_to_private_life">Right to private life</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Right to private life">edit</a>]</div> Human rights organizations argue that many acts targeted by stoning should not be illegal in the first place, as outlawing them interferes with people's right to a private life. Amnesty International said that stoning deals with "acts which should never be criminalized in the first place, including consensual sexual relations between adults, and choosing one's religion".<a href="#cite_note-amnesty.org-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Examples">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stoning_St_Stephen_Saint-Etienne-du-Mont.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Stoning_St_Stephen_Saint-Etienne-du-Mont.jpg/300px-Stoning_St_Stephen_Saint-Etienne-du-Mont.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Stoning_St_Stephen_Saint-Etienne-du-Mont.jpg/450px-Stoning_St_Stephen_Saint-Etienne-du-Mont.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Stoning_St_Stephen_Saint-Etienne-du-Mont.jpg/600px-Stoning_St_Stephen_Saint-Etienne-du-Mont.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>The stoning of Saint Stephen (1863) by <a href="/wiki/Gabriel-Jules_Thomas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriel-Jules Thomas">Gabriel-Jules Thomas</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient">Ancient</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Ancient">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palamedes_(mythology)" title="Palamedes (mythology)">Palamedes</a> of Greek mythology, according to some sources stoned to death as a traitor.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Appuleius_Saturninus" title="Lucius Appuleius Saturninus">Lucius Appuleius Saturninus</a>, d. 100 BC, grandfather of later <a href="/wiki/Triumvir" class="mw-redirect" title="Triumvir">triumvir</a> <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aemilius_Lepidus_(triumvir)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)">Marcus Aemilius Lepidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancras_of_Taormina" title="Pancras of Taormina">Pancras of Taormina</a>, about AD 40</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Just" class="mw-redirect" title="James the Just">James the Just</a>, in AD 62, after being condemned by the <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></li> <li>Possibly <a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Saint Timothy</a> (by Hellenistic pagans), after AD 67</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine-Silvanus" title="Constantine-Silvanus">Constantine-Silvanus</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Paulicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulicians">Paulicians</a>, stoned in 684 in <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_(son_of_Ioube)" title="Chase (son of Ioube)">Chase (son of Ioube)</a>, Muslim Byzantine official of Arab origin, stoned in 915 at Athens</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Eskil" title="Saint Eskil">Saint Eskil</a>, Anglo-Saxon monk stoned to death by Swedish Vikings, about 1080</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moctezuma_II" title="Moctezuma II">Moctezuma II</a>, 1520, last Aztec Emperor (according to Western accounts; whereas, according to Aztec accounts, the Spanish killed him)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Averted">Averted</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Averted">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a> mentions in his <a href="/wiki/Anabasis_(Xenophon)" title="Anabasis (Xenophon)">Anabasis</a>, 4th century BCE, that several people are accused and suggested stoned, but averted, including Xenophon himself</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern">Modern</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Modern">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soraya_Manutchehri" class="mw-redirect" title="Soraya Manutchehri">Soraya Manutchehri</a>, 1986, a 35-year-old woman stoned to death in Iran after unconfirmed accusations of adultery</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du%27a_Khalil_Aswad" class="mw-redirect" title="Du'a Khalil Aswad">Du'a Khalil Aswad</a>, 2007, a 17-year-old girl stoned to death in Iraq</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Averted_2">Averted</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Averted">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amina_Lawal" title="Amina Lawal">Amina Lawal</a> was sentenced to death by stoning in Nigeria in 2002 but freed on appeal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakineh_Mohammadi_Ashtiani" title="Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani">Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani</a> was sentenced to death by stoning in Iran in 2006. Following a review the sentence was commuted and she was released in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis#Shab_Qadar_incident" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Shab Qadar Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoning_of_the_Devil" title="Stoning of the Devil">Stoning of the Devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_killing" title="Honor killing">Honor killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li></ul> Related methods of execution <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishikozume" title="Ishikozume">Ishikozume</a> (Japan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crushing_(execution)" title="Crushing (execution)">Crushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cement_shoes" title="Cement shoes">Cement shoes</a></li></ul> Individuals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malak_Ghorbany" title="Malak Ghorbany">Malak Ghorbany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amina_Lawal" title="Amina Lawal">Amina Lawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoning_of_Du%27a_Khalil_Aswad" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoning of Du'a Khalil Aswad">Stoning of Du'a Khalil Aswad</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ebtrf-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ebtrf_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ebtrf_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ebtrf_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ebtrf_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ebtrf_1-4">e</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEmma_Batha2013" class="citation web cs1">Emma Batha (29 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trust.org/item/20130927165059-w9g0i">"Stoning – where does it happen?"</a>. www.trust.org/. Thomson Reuters Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117033540/http://www.trust.org/item/20130927165059-w9g0i">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.trust.org%2F&rft.atitle=Stoning+%E2%80%93+where+does+it+happen%3F&rft.date=2013-09-29&rft.au=Emma+Batha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trust.org%2Fitem%2F20130927165059-w9g0i&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cell_phone_stoning-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cell_phone_stoning_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cell_phone_stoning_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cell_phone_stoning_2-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatha,_Emma2013" class="citation news cs1">Batha, Emma (29 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/special-report-the-punishment-was-death-by-stoning-the-crime-having-a-mobile-phone-8846585.html">"Special report: The punishment was death by stoning. The crime? Having a mobile phone"</a>. The Independent. London: independent.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131006003044/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/special-report-the-punishment-was-death-by-stoning-the-crime-having-a-mobile-phone-8846585.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Special+report%3A+The+punishment+was+death+by+stoning.+The+crime%3F+Having+a+mobile+phone&rft.date=2013-09-29&rft.au=Batha%2C+Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fpolitics%2Fspecial-report-the-punishment-was-death-by-stoning-the-crime-having-a-mobile-phone-8846585.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1">b</a> Ida Lichter, Muslim Women Reformers: Inspiring Voices Against Oppression, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1591027164" title="Special:BookSources/978-1591027164">978-1591027164</a>, p. 189 </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTamkin2019" class="citation news cs1">Tamkin, Emily (28 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/03/28/brunei-makes-homosexual-sex-adultery-punishable-by-death-by-stoning/?noredirect=on">"Brunei makes gay sex and adultery punishable by death by stoning"</a>. Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330005812/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/03/28/brunei-makes-homosexual-sex-adultery-punishable-by-death-by-stoning/?noredirect=on">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Brunei+makes+gay+sex+and+adultery+punishable+by+death+by+stoning&rft.date=2019-03-28&rft.aulast=Tamkin&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2F03%2F28%2Fbrunei-makes-homosexual-sex-adultery-punishable-by-death-by-stoning%2F%3Fnoredirect%3Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrolov,_Dmitry_V.2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Frolov, Dmitry V. (2006). "Stoning". In Jane Dammen McAuliffe (ed.). Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān. Brill. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00404">10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00404</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Stoning&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+the+Qur%CA%BE%C4%81n&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00404&rft.au=Frolov%2C+Dmitry+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPease1907" class="citation journal cs1">Pease, Arthur Stanley (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/282736">"Notes on Stoning among the Greeks and Romans"</a>. 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In the Bible & Talmudic Law"</a>. Encyclopaedia Judaica. The Gale Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417045547/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/capital-punishment">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Capital+Punishment.+In+the+Bible+%26+Talmudic+Law&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Judaica&rft.pub=The+Gale+Group&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Haim+Hermann+Cohn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fcapital-punishment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-browning-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-browning_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-browning_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW._R._F._Browning2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">W. R. F. Browning, ed. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199543984.001.0001/acref-9780199543984-e-1825">"Stoning"</a>. A Dictionary of the Bible (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954398-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954398-4"><bdi>978-0-19-954398-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407195434/http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199543984.001.0001/acref-9780199543984-e-1825">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Stoning&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954398-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199543984.001.0001%2Facref-9780199543984-e-1825&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlen_Warren_BowersockPeter_BrownOleg_Grabar1999" class="citation book cs1">Glen Warren Bowersock; Peter Brown; Oleg Grabar (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lateantiquitygui00bowe">Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World</a>. Harvard University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lateantiquitygui00bowe/page/400">400</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-51173-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-51173-6"><bdi>978-0-674-51173-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Late+Antiquity%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Postclassical+World&rft.pages=400&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-674-51173-6&rft.au=Glen+Warren+Bowersock&rft.au=Peter+Brown&rft.au=Oleg+Grabar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flateantiquitygui00bowe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Semerdjian-10"><a href="#cite_ref-Semerdjian_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemerdjian2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Semerdjian, Elyse (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-0984">"Zinah"</a>. In John L. Esposito (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530513-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530513-5"><bdi>978-0-19-530513-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170225223722/http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-0984">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2017. Retrieved 24 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zinah&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+the+Islamic+World&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530513-5&rft.aulast=Semerdjian&rft.aufirst=Elyse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195305135.001.0001%2Facref-9780195305135-e-0984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vikor-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vikor_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vikor_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vikor_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vikor_11-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vikor_11-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVikør2014" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Vikør, Knut S. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140604214623/http://bridgingcultures.neh.gov/muslimjourneys/items/show/226">"Sharīʿah"</a>. In Emad El-Din Shahin (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics. Oxford University Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bridgingcultures.neh.gov/muslimjourneys/items/show/226">the original</a> on 4 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Shar%C4%AB%CA%BFah&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Islam+and+Politics&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Vik%C3%B8r&rft.aufirst=Knut+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbridgingcultures.neh.gov%2Fmuslimjourneys%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-otto-20-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-otto-20_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-otto-20_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-otto-20_12-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOtto2008" class="citation book cs1">Otto, Jan Michiel (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/20694/Sharia%20and%20national%20Law%20in%20Muslim%20countries.pdf">Sharia and National Law in Muslim Countries: Tensions and Opportunities for Dutch and EU Foreign Policy</a> (PDF). Amsterdam University Press. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-8728-048-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-8728-048-2"><bdi>978-90-8728-048-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171009235043/https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/20694/Sharia%20and%20national%20Law%20in%20Muslim%20countries.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2017. 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Retrieved 16 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org&rft.atitle=Brunei+-+UPR+-+Death+Penalty+-+April+2024+-+The+Advocates+for+Human+Rights&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org%2FInternational_Submissions%2FA%2FIndex%3Fid%3D481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nayyeri-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nayyeri_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nayyeri_24-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nayyeri_24-2">c</a> Mohammad Hossein Nayyeri, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranhrdc.org/english/publications/legal-commentary/1000000059-the-question-of-stoning-to-death-in-the-new-penal-code-of-the-iri.html">The Question of "Stoning to Death" in the New Penal Code of the IRI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141104183808/http://www.iranhrdc.org/english/publications/legal-commentary/1000000059-the-question-of-stoning-to-death-in-the-new-penal-code-of-the-iri.html">Archived</a> 2014-11-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Iran Human Rights Documentation Center (2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_25-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunnar_J._Weimann2010" class="citation book cs1">Gunnar J. Weimann (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2joqx6vG74cC&pg=PA77">Islamic Criminal Law in Northern Nigeria: Politics, Religion, Judicial Practice</a>. Amsterdam University Press. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5629-655-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5629-655-1"><bdi>978-90-5629-655-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240531143935/https://books.google.com/books?id=2joqx6vG74cC&pg=PA77#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 7 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Criminal+Law+in+Northern+Nigeria%3A+Politics%2C+Religion%2C+Judicial+Practice&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-5629-655-1&rft.au=Gunnar+J.+Weimann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2joqx6vG74cC%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="ML252007" class="citation journal cs1">Lau, Martin (1 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1207&context=wlulr">"Twenty-Five Years of Hudood Ordinances – A Review"</a>. Washington and Lee Law Review. 64 (4): 1292, 1296. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129021210/http://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1207&context=wlulr">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+and+Lee+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Twenty-Five+Years+of+Hudood+Ordinances+%E2%80%93+A+Review&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1292%2C+1296&rft.date=2007-09-01&rft.aulast=Lau&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1207%26context%3Dwlulr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_27-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSudanTribune2022" class="citation web cs1">SudanTribune (4 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sudantribune.com/article262282/">"Death by stoning still exists in a country where women are putting their lives on the line to lead change"</a>. Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Death+by+stoning+still+exists+in+a+country+where+women+are+putting+their+lives+on+the+line+to+lead+change&rft.date=2022-08-04&rft.au=SudanTribune&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsudantribune.com%2Farticle262282%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_28-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBezhan" class="citation news cs1">Bezhan, Frud. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/afghan-rights-group-investigates-video-of-woman-being-stoned-to-death/30414665.html">"Afghan Rights Group Investigating Video Of Woman Being Stoned To Death"</a>. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RadioFreeEurope%2FRadioLiberty&rft.atitle=Afghan+Rights+Group+Investigating+Video+Of+Woman+Being+Stoned+To+Death&rft.aulast=Bezhan&rft.aufirst=Frud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fafghan-rights-group-investigates-video-of-woman-being-stoned-to-death%2F30414665.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_29-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7826018.stm">Iran executes two men by stoning</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903194144/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7826018.stm">Archived</a> 2014-09-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> BBC News (January 13, 2009) </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed_RasheedMohammed_Ameer2012" class="citation news cs1">Ahmed Rasheed; Mohammed Ameer (10 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-emo-killings-idUSBRE8290CY20120310">"Iraq militia stone youths to death for "emo" style"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140917215857/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/10/us-iraq-emo-killings-idUSBRE8290CY20120310">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2014. Retrieved 24 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iraq+militia+stone+youths+to+death+for+%22emo%22+style&rft.date=2012-03-10&rft.au=Ahmed+Rasheed&rft.au=Mohammed+Ameer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-iraq-emo-killings-idUSBRE8290CY20120310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-somalia-stoning-idUSKCN0HM08K20140927">"Somali militants stone woman to death"</a>. Reuters. 27 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001211724/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/27/us-somalia-stoning-idUSKCN0HM08K20140927">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Somali+militants+stone+woman+to+death&rft.date=2014-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-somalia-stoning-idUSKCN0HM08K20140927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdulsamad2023" class="citation news cs1">Abdulsamad, Hassan (14 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/jul/14/latest-blasphemy-killing-highlights-nigerias-problem-with-religious-extremism">"Latest blasphemy killing highlights Nigeria's problem with religious extremism"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 16 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Latest+blasphemy+killing+highlights+Nigeria%27s+problem+with+religious+extremism&rft.date=2023-07-14&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Abdulsamad&rft.aufirst=Hassan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2F2023%2Fjul%2F14%2Flatest-blasphemy-killing-highlights-nigerias-problem-with-religious-extremism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:16_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-stoning-idUSBRE92C0BK20130313#vzDKt15wRj7bO2Sc.97">"Pak soldier publicly stoned to death for love affair"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 13 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151119150511/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/13/us-pakistan-stoning-idUSBRE92C0BK20130313#vzDKt15wRj7bO2Sc.97">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pak+soldier+publicly+stoned+to+death+for+love+affair&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2013-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-pakistan-stoning-idUSBRE92C0BK20130313%23vzDKt15wRj7bO2Sc.97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indstoningvid-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Indstoningvid_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandhu2015" class="citation news cs1">Sandhu, Serina (4 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/video-posted-online-shows-afghan-woman-accused-of-adultery-being-stoned-to-death-a6720731.html">"Afghan woman accused of adultery stoned to death in video posted online"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207192107/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/video-posted-online-shows-afghan-woman-accused-of-adultery-being-stoned-to-death-a6720731.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2015. <q>According to Tolo News Agency, Police Chief General Mustafa said: "The Taliban ordered stoning of the girl after she was caught eloping with a man on the mountains. Police has started investigations and will arrest the perpetrators soon." But Wazhma Frogh, co-founder of the Research Institute for Women, Peace and Security, said the attackers could have been tribal leaders as local officials were known to blame Taliban insurgents "to cover up their own kind". She told The Guardian: "Of course the Taliban do these things, but we can't deny that tribal leaders also do the same things."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Afghan+woman+accused+of+adultery+stoned+to+death+in+video+posted+online&rft.date=2015-11-04&rft.aulast=Sandhu&rft.aufirst=Serina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fvideo-posted-online-shows-afghan-woman-accused-of-adultery-being-stoned-to-death-a6720731.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GuardianRokhsana-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GuardianRokhsana_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GuardianRokhsana_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRasmussen2015" class="citation news cs1">Rasmussen, Sune Engel (3 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/03/afghan-woman-stoned-to-death-for-alleged-adultery">"Afghan woman stoned to death for alleged adultery"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170330121555/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/03/afghan-woman-stoned-to-death-for-alleged-adultery">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Afghan+woman+stoned+to+death+for+alleged+adultery&rft.date=2015-11-03&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=Sune+Engel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fnov%2F03%2Fafghan-woman-stoned-to-death-for-alleged-adultery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hakimi-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Hakimi_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassan_Hakimi2015" class="citation news cs1">Hassan Hakimi, ed. 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Retrieved 8 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Stoning+Rukhshana+was+against+Shariah%3A+Ghor+Ulema&rft.date=2015-11-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pajhwok.com%2Fen%2F2015%2F11%2F08%2Fstoning-rukhshana-was-against-shariah-ghor-ulema&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LATimes2010-37"><a href="#cite_ref-LATimes2010_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2010" class="citation news cs1">King, Laura (22 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-aug-22-la-fg-afghanistan-stonings-20100822-story.html">"Young lovers killed by stoning in Afghanistan"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208063355/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/aug/22/world/la-fg-afghanistan-stonings-20100822">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Young+lovers+killed+by+stoning+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2010-08-22&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2010-aug-22-la-fg-afghanistan-stonings-20100822-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hrw2013-38"><a href="#cite_ref-hrw2013_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/11/25/afghanistan-reject-proposal-restore-stoning">"Afghanistan: Reject Proposal to Restore Stoning"</a>. www.hrw.org. Human Rights Watch. 25 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151123185955/https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/11/25/afghanistan-reject-proposal-restore-stoning">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hrw.org&rft.atitle=Afghanistan%3A+Reject+Proposal+to+Restore+Stoning&rft.date=2013-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2013%2F11%2F25%2Fafghanistan-reject-proposal-restore-stoning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cornell-39"><a href="#cite_ref-cornell_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170516113855/http://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/country-search-post.cfm?country=Iran">"Iran"</a>. Cornell Center on the Death Penalty Worldwide. 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/country-search-post.cfm?country=iran">the original</a> on 16 May 2017. 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Other crimes and their respective punishments shall be provided for in accordance with the provisions of this Law and other applicable penal codes". Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moj.gov.ae/assets/2021/Federal%20Decree%20Law%20No.%20(15)%20of%202020%20Concerning%20the%20Penal%20Code.pdf.aspx">the original</a> on 31 May 2023. 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CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190703215654/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/03/27/asia/brunei-anti-lgbt-stoning-law-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Brunei+to+punish+gay+sex+and+adultery+with+death+by+stoning&rft.date=2019-03-28&rft.aulast=Westcott&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2019%2F03%2F27%2Fasia%2Fbrunei-anti-lgbt-stoning-law-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-amnesty.org-95"><a href="#cite_ref-amnesty.org_95-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2013/11/afghanistan-reject-stoning-flogging-amputation-and-other-taliban-era-punishments/">"Afghanistan: Reject stoning, flogging, amputation and other Taliban-era punishments"</a>. amnesty.org – Amnesty International. 26 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151119140628/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2013/11/afghanistan-reject-stoning-flogging-amputation-and-other-taliban-era-punishments/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=amnesty.org+%E2%80%93+Amnesty+International&rft.atitle=Afghanistan%3A+Reject+stoning%2C+flogging%2C+amputation+and+other+Taliban-era+punishments&rft.date=2013-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flatest%2Fnews%2F2013%2F11%2Fafghanistan-reject-stoning-flogging-amputation-and-other-taliban-era-punishments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomlinson2014" class="citation news cs1">Tomlinson, Hugh (19 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/middleeast/article4037975.ece">"Ashtiani freed after 9 years on death row"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125752/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/middleeast/article4037975.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Ashtiani+freed+after+9+years+on+death+row&rft.date=2014-03-19&rft.aulast=Tomlinson&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Ftto%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Farticle4037975.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStoning" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoning&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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title="q:Special:Search/Stoning">Stoning</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stonings" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Stonings">Stonings</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129025158/http://www.violenceisnotourculture.org/faq_stoning">Frequently Asked Questions About Stoning</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.violenceisnotourculture.org/node/10">Stoning and Human Rights</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927075328/http://www.violenceisnotourculture.org/node/10">Archived</a> 2013-09-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.violenceisnotourculture.org/node/13">Stoning and Islam</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927075351/http://www.violenceisnotourculture.org/node/13">Archived</a> 2013-09-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080103135235/http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/muslim/017.smt.html">Extract of the Kitab Al-Hudud</a> (The book pertaining to punishments prescribed by Islam)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data/theuae/2006/June/theuae_June301.xml&section=theuae">Khaleej Times</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120509004740/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data%2Ftheuae%2F2006%2FJune%2Ftheuae_June301.xml&section=theuae">Archived</a> 2012-05-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (United Arab Emirates: Fujairah Shariah court orders man to be stoned to death for adultery – 11 June 2006)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080215221459/http://www.progressivemuslims.org/sub/stoning.htm">Muslims against stoning</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quranicpath.com/misconceptions/adultery_punishment.html">QuranicPath – Qur'an against stoning</a></li> <li>1991 Video of Stoning of Death in Iran: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apostatesofislam.com/media/video/stoning-original.wmv">WMV format</a> | <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iran-e-azad.org/stoning/video.html">RealPlayer</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalpost.com/2010/11/20/graphic-anatomy-of-a-stoning/">Graphic: Anatomy of a stoning (National Post, November 20, 2010)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/report/campaigning-end-stoning-iran-20080115">Amnesty International 2008, "Campaigning to end stoning in Iran"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141127203633/http://amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/report/campaigning-end-stoning-iran-20080115">Archived</a> 2014-11-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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<li><a href="/wiki/Geneivat_da%27at" title="Geneivat da'at">Geneivat da'at (Theft of the mind)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezel_sheina" title="Gezel sheina">Gezel sheina (Theft of sleep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiddush_Hashem" title="Kiddush Hashem">Kiddush hashem (Sanctification of God's name)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashon_hara" title="Lashon hara">Lashon hara (Derogatory information)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifnei_iver" title="Lifnei iver">Lifnei iver (Stumbling block in front of the blind)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Laws_of_Noah" title="Seven Laws of Noah">Noahide laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_kill" title="Thou shalt not kill">You shall not murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yetzer_hara" title="Yetzer hara">Yetzer hara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tumah_and_taharah" title="Tumah and taharah">Ritual purity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even 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sexuality">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_relationships_in_Judaism" title="Forbidden relationships in Judaism">Forbidden relationships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_separation_in_Judaism" title="Gender separation in Judaism">Gender separation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexuality and Judaism">Homosexuality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agrarian laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shmita" title="Shmita">Sabbatical year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithes_in_Judaism" title="Tithes in Judaism">Tithes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terumah_(offering)" title="Terumah (offering)">Terumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_tithe" title="First tithe">First tithe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_tithe" title="Second tithe">Second tithe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_tithe" class="mw-redirect" title="Poor tithe">Poor tithe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terumat_hamaaser" title="Terumat hamaaser">Terumat hamaaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demai" title="Demai">Demai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlah" title="Orlah">Orlah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikkurim_(first-fruits)" title="Bikkurim (first-fruits)">Bikkurim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicaricon_(Jewish_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sicaricon (Jewish law)">Sicaricon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dough_offering" title="Dough offering">Hallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kil%27ayim_(prohibition)" title="Kil'ayim (prohibition)">Kil'ayim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Halakhic principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aveira" class="mw-redirect" title="Aveira">Aveira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bemeizid" title="Bemeizid">Bemeizid, beshogeg, and beones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%27rov_am_hadrat_melech" title="B'rov am hadrat melech">B'rov am hadrat melech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumra_(Judaism)" title="Chumra (Judaism)">Chumra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dina_d%27malkhuta_dina" title="Dina d'malkhuta dina">Dina d'malkhuta dina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Oraita_and_D%27Rabbanan" class="mw-redirect" title="D'Oraita and D'Rabbanan">De'oraita and derabanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitzvah_goreret_mitzvah" title="Mitzvah goreret mitzvah">One commandment leads to another</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikar_v%27tafel" title="Ikar v'tafel">Ikar v'tafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marit_ayin" title="Marit ayin">Marit ayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neder" title="Neder">Neder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osek_b%27mitzvah_patur_min_hamitzvah" title="Osek b'mitzvah patur min hamitzvah">Osek b'mitzvah patur min hamitzvah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pikuach_nefesh" title="Pikuach nefesh">Pikuach nefesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_commandment" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive commandment">Positive commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfeka_d%27yoma" title="Sfeka d'yoma">Sfeka d'yoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-sacrifice_in_Jewish_law" title="Self-sacrifice in Jewish law">Self-sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinuy" title="Shinuy">Shinuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shomea_k%27oneh" title="Shomea k'oneh">Shomea k'oneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_in_Jewish_law" title="Testimony in Jewish law">Testimony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toch_k%27dei_dibur" title="Toch k'dei dibur">Toch k'dei dibur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yad_soledet_bo" title="Yad soledet bo">Yad soledet bo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zmanim" title="Zmanim">Zmanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relative_hour_(Jewish_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative hour (Jewish law)">Relative hour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Punishment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_and_corporal_punishment_in_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital and corporal punishment in Judaism">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kareth" title="Kareth">Kareth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related boxes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:High_Holidays" title="Template:High Holidays">High Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Passover_footer" title="Template:Passover footer">Passover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Shabbat" title="Template:Shabbat">Shabbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sukkot" title="Template:Sukkot">Sukkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kashrut" title="Template:Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capital_punishment" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capital_punishment" title="Template:Capital punishment"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capital_punishment" title="Template talk:Capital punishment"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capital_punishment" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capital punishment"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capital_punishment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">Capital punishment</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_methods_of_capital_punishment#Current_methods" title="List of methods of capital punishment">Current judicial methods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanging" title="Hanging">Hanging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_by_shooting" title="Execution by shooting">Shooting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Execution_by_firing_squad" title="Execution by firing squad">firing squad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethal_injection" title="Lethal injection">Lethal injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inert_gas_asphyxiation" title="Inert gas asphyxiation">Nitrogen hypoxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_chair" title="Electric chair">Electrocution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_chamber" title="Gas chamber">Gas chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decapitation" title="Decapitation">Beheading</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stoning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_methods_of_capital_punishment#Ancient_methods" title="List of methods of capital punishment">Ancient and post-classical methods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damnatio_ad_bestias" title="Damnatio ad bestias">Damnatio ad bestias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_eagle" title="Blood eagle">Blood eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blowing_from_a_gun" title="Blowing from a gun">Blowing from a gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazen_bull" title="Brazen bull">Brazen bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_by_boiling" title="Death by boiling">Boiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaking_wheel" title="Breaking wheel">Breaking wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premature_burial" title="Premature burial">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_by_burning" title="Death by burning">Burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion" title="Crucifixion">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crushing_(execution)" title="Crushing (execution)">Crushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decimation_(punishment)" title="Decimation (punishment)">Decimation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disembowelment" title="Disembowelment">Disembowelment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismemberment" title="Dismemberment">Dismemberment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_by_drowning" title="Execution by drowning">Drowning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republican_marriage" title="Republican marriage">Republican marriage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_by_elephant" title="Execution by elephant">Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falling_(execution)" title="Falling (execution)">Falling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaying" title="Flaying">Flaying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrote" title="Garrote">Garrote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibbeting" title="Gibbeting">Gibbeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine">Guillotine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanged,_drawn_and_quartered" title="Hanged, drawn and quartered">Hanged, drawn and quartered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immurement" title="Immurement">Immurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impalement" title="Impalement">Impalement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishikozume" title="Ishikozume">Ishikozume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazzatello" title="Mazzatello">Mazzatello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_by_sawing" title="Death by sawing">Sawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaphism" title="Scaphism">Scaphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingchi" title="Lingchi">Slow slicing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffocation_in_ash" title="Suffocation in ash">Suffocation in ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upright_jerker" title="Upright jerker">Upright jerker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waist_chop" title="Waist chop">Waist chop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_by_country" title="Capital punishment by country">Enforcement or use by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_recent_executions_by_jurisdiction" title="List of most recent executions by jurisdiction">Most recent executions by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_row" title="Death row">Death row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executioner" title="Executioner">Executioner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executioners" title="List of executioners">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scharfrichter" title="Scharfrichter">Scharfrichter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_statement" class="mw-redirect" title="Final statement">Final statement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_meal" title="Last meal">Last meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penology" title="Penology">Penology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_methods_of_capital_punishment" title="List of methods of capital punishment">List of methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_capital_punishment" title="Religion and capital punishment">Religion and capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrongful_execution" title="Wrongful execution">Wrongful execution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botched_executions" title="List of botched executions">Botched execution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolutions_concerning_death_penalty_at_the_United_Nations" title="Resolutions concerning death penalty at the United Nations">Resolutions concerning death penalty at the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_drug_trafficking" title="Capital punishment for drug trafficking">Capital punishment for drug trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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