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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Ancient Era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mauryan_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mauryan_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Mauryan Empire </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mauryan_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gupta_and_Pala_empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gupta_and_Pala_empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Gupta and Pala empire </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gupta_and_Pala_empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mughal_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mughal_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Mughal Empire </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mughal_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portuguese_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portuguese_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Portuguese Empire </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portuguese_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 British Empire </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indian_Independence_Movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_Independence_Movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.1 Indian Independence Movement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_Independence_Movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Post-Independence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Topography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_pollution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_pollution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Air pollution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_pollution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_and_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_and_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Religion and language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_and_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Administration </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Administration subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Blocks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blocks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Blocks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blocks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Government </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Civic_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civic_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Civic administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civic_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utility_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utility_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Utility services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utility_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Transport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Roads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Air transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Railways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Metro </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Media </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Media subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Private_FM_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_FM_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Private FM stations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_FM_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 21 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Patna</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 103 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" > 103 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7" title="باتنا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باتنا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="পাটনা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পাটনা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="पटना – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पटना" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="পাটনা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাটনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna_(si%C3%A2%E2%81%BF)" title="Patna (siâⁿ) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Patna (siâⁿ)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Патна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Патна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="पटना – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पटना" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Патна – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Патна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Патна – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Патна" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna_(kapital_sa_estado)" title="Patna (kapital sa estado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Patna (kapital sa estado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="पटना – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="पटना" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Πάτνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πάτνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patnao" title="Patnao – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Patnao" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87" title="پتنه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پتنه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE" title="પટના – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પટના" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%ED%8A%B8%EB%82%98" title="파트나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파트나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Պատնա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պատնա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="पटना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पटना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="পাটনা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পাটনা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Патна – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Патна" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%94" title="פטנה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פטנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE" title="ಪಟ್ನಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಟ್ನಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="პატნა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პატნა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Патна – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Патна" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="पटना – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पटना" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8" title="പട്ന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പട്ന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE" title="पाटणा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पाटणा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="პატნა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პატნა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7" title="باتنا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="باتنا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7" title="پتنا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پتنا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ပတ္တနမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပတ္တနမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna_(stad)" title="Patna (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Patna (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="पटना – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पटना" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="पाट्ना – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पाट्ना" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%88%E3%83%8A" title="パトナ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パトナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Патна – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Патна" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%BE,_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0" title="ପାଟଣା, ବିହାର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପାଟଣା, ବିହାର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪਟਨਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਟਨਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%B9%D9%86%D8%A7" title="پٹنا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پٹنا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%BC%D9%86%D8%A7" title="پټنا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پټنا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patn%C3%A1" title="Patná – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Patná" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna,_India" title="Patna, India – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Patna, India" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Патна – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Патна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="पटना – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पटना" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F" title="පැට්නා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පැට්නා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%BD%D9%86%D8%A7" title="پٽنا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پٽنا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Патна – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Патна" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE" title="பட்னா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பட்னா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Патна – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Патна" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE" title="పాట్నా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పాట్నా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="ปัฏนา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปัฏนา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Патна – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Патна" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Патна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Патна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%B9%D9%86%DB%81" title="پٹنہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پٹنہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna" title="Patna – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Patna" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li 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.geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Patna&params=25.5940343_N_85.1375530_E_type:city_region:IN">25°35′39″N 85°08′15″E / 25.5940343°N 85.1375530°E / 25.5940343; 85.1375530</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Metropolis and state capital of Bihar, India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the capital of Bihar. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Patna_district" title="Patna district">Patna district</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patna_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Patna (disambiguation)">Patna (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State capital city in Bihar, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Patna</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="iso 15919">Paṭanā</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Pāṭaliputra</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of capitals in India">State capital city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:262px;max-width:262px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:133px;max-width:133px"><div style=";height:81px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Sabhyata_dwar...jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sabhyata Dwar"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sabhyata_dwar...jpg/131px-Sabhyata_dwar...jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sabhyata_dwar...jpg/197px-Sabhyata_dwar...jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sabhyata_dwar...jpg/262px-Sabhyata_dwar...jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:125px;max-width:125px"><div style=";height:81px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Patna_high_court1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Patna High Court"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Patna_high_court1.jpg/123px-Patna_high_court1.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Patna_high_court1.jpg/185px-Patna_high_court1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Patna_high_court1.jpg/246px-Patna_high_court1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:121px;max-width:121px"><div style=";height:89px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Buddha_Smriti_Park_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buddha Smriti Park"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Buddha_Smriti_Park_2.jpg/119px-Buddha_Smriti_Park_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Buddha_Smriti_Park_2.jpg/179px-Buddha_Smriti_Park_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Buddha_Smriti_Park_2.jpg/238px-Buddha_Smriti_Park_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div style=";height:89px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Khuda_Bakhsh_Oriental_Public_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Khuda_Bakhsh_Oriental_Public_Library.jpg/135px-Khuda_Bakhsh_Oriental_Public_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Khuda_Bakhsh_Oriental_Public_Library.jpg/203px-Khuda_Bakhsh_Oriental_Public_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Khuda_Bakhsh_Oriental_Public_Library.jpg/270px-Khuda_Bakhsh_Oriental_Public_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="850" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div style=";height:77px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahavir_Mandir_from_Buddha_Smriti_Park.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mahavir Mandir seen from Buddha Smriti Park"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mahavir_Mandir_from_Buddha_Smriti_Park.JPG/117px-Mahavir_Mandir_from_Buddha_Smriti_Park.JPG" decoding="async" width="117" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mahavir_Mandir_from_Buddha_Smriti_Park.JPG/176px-Mahavir_Mandir_from_Buddha_Smriti_Park.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mahavir_Mandir_from_Buddha_Smriti_Park.JPG/234px-Mahavir_Mandir_from_Buddha_Smriti_Park.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4085" data-file-height="2702" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style=";height:77px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bihar_Museum_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bihar Museum"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Bihar_Museum_17.jpg/137px-Bihar_Museum_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Bihar_Museum_17.jpg/206px-Bihar_Museum_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Bihar_Museum_17.jpg/274px-Bihar_Museum_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3280" data-file-height="1840" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div style=";height:70px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Wide_Angle_view_of_Patna_College.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wide Angle view of Patna College"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Wide_Angle_view_of_Patna_College.jpg/128px-Wide_Angle_view_of_Patna_College.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Wide_Angle_view_of_Patna_College.jpg/192px-Wide_Angle_view_of_Patna_College.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Wide_Angle_view_of_Patna_College.jpg/256px-Wide_Angle_view_of_Patna_College.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3308" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:128px;max-width:128px"><div style=";height:70px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Digha_panorma.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Digha–Sonpur Bridge"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Digha_panorma.jpg/126px-Digha_panorma.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Digha_panorma.jpg/189px-Digha_panorma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Digha_panorma.jpg/252px-Digha_panorma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style=";height:67px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Front_view_of_administrative_building_of_IIT_Patna.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Front view of administrative building of IIT Patna"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Front_view_of_administrative_building_of_IIT_Patna.jpg/134px-Front_view_of_administrative_building_of_IIT_Patna.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Front_view_of_administrative_building_of_IIT_Patna.jpg/201px-Front_view_of_administrative_building_of_IIT_Patna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Front_view_of_administrative_building_of_IIT_Patna.jpg/268px-Front_view_of_administrative_building_of_IIT_Patna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="2400" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div style=";height:67px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bihar_Museum_Bailey_Road_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bihar Museum in Bailey Road"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Bihar_Museum_Bailey_Road_02.jpg/120px-Bihar_Museum_Bailey_Road_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Bihar_Museum_Bailey_Road_02.jpg/180px-Bihar_Museum_Bailey_Road_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Bihar_Museum_Bailey_Road_02.jpg/240px-Bihar_Museum_Bailey_Road_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3280" data-file-height="1840" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:111px;max-width:111px"><div style=";height:51px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Aiimspatnamain.png" class="mw-file-description" title="All India Institute of Medical Sciences"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Aiimspatnamain.png/109px-Aiimspatnamain.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Aiimspatnamain.png/164px-Aiimspatnamain.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Aiimspatnamain.png/218px-Aiimspatnamain.png 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="448" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div style=";height:51px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Vidhan-sabha-bihar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bihar Legislature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Vidhan-sabha-bihar.jpg/145px-Vidhan-sabha-bihar.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Vidhan-sabha-bihar.jpg/218px-Vidhan-sabha-bihar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Vidhan-sabha-bihar.jpg/290px-Vidhan-sabha-bihar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1345" data-file-height="482" /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">From top, left to right: <a href="/wiki/Sabhyata_Dwar" title="Sabhyata Dwar">Sabhyata Dwar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patna_High_Court" title="Patna High Court">Patna High Court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Patna_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Patna Sahib">Takht Sri Patna Sahib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddha_Smriti_Park" title="Buddha Smriti Park">Buddha Smriti Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khuda_Bakhsh_Oriental_Library" title="Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library">Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahavir_Mandir" title="Mahavir Mandir">Mahavir Mandir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar_Museum" title="Bihar Museum">Bihar Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patna_College" title="Patna College">Patna College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digha%E2%80%93Sonpur_Bridge" title="Digha–Sonpur Bridge">Digha–Sonpur Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/IIT_Patna" title="IIT Patna">IIT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bailey_Road,_Patna" title="Bailey Road, Patna">Bailey Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/All_India_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences,_Patna" title="All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna">AIIMS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar_Legislature" title="Bihar Legislature">Bihar Legislature</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Patna_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Patna is located in Patna"><img alt="Patna is located in Patna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/India_Patna_locator_map.svg/250px-India_Patna_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/India_Patna_locator_map.svg/375px-India_Patna_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/India_Patna_locator_map.svg/500px-India_Patna_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1928" data-file-height="1016" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.665%;left:47.071%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Patna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Location_dot_darkred.svg/6px-Location_dot_darkred.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Location_dot_darkred.svg/9px-Location_dot_darkred.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Location_dot_darkred.svg/12px-Location_dot_darkred.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Patna</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Patna</div>Show map of Patna</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Bihar_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Patna is located in Bihar"><img alt="Patna is located in Bihar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/India_Bihar_location_map.svg/250px-India_Bihar_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/India_Bihar_location_map.svg/375px-India_Bihar_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/India_Bihar_location_map.svg/500px-India_Bihar_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="708" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.499%;left:37.261%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Patna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Patna</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Bihar</div>Show map of Bihar</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:India_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Patna is located in India"><img alt="Patna is located in India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/250px-India_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/375px-India_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/500px-India_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.634%;left:56.68%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Patna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Patna</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in India</div>Show map of India</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Patna&params=25.5940343_N_85.1375530_E_type:city_region:IN">25°35′39″N 85°08′15″E / 25.5940343°N 85.1375530°E / 25.5940343; 85.1375530</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Bihar_Government_Banner.png/23px-Bihar_Government_Banner.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Bihar_Government_Banner.png/35px-Bihar_Government_Banner.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Bihar_Government_Banner.png/45px-Bihar_Government_Banner.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /> <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Division</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Patna_division" title="Patna division">Patna</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts of India">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Patna_district" title="Patna district">Patna</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pataliputra_capital" title="Pataliputra capital">490 BCE</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Udayin" title="Udayin">Udayin</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Municipal corporation</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Patna_Municipal_Corporation" title="Patna Municipal Corporation">Patna Municipal Corporation</a> Nagar Parishad Danapur Nizamat</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_Prasad" title="Ravi Shankar Prasad">Ravi Shankar Prasad</a> (<a href="/wiki/BJP" class="mw-redirect" title="BJP">BJP</a>) <a href="/wiki/Misa_Bharti" title="Misa Bharti">Misa Bharti</a>(<a href="/wiki/RJD" class="mw-redirect" title="RJD">RJD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Sita Sahu<a href="#cite_note-hindustantimes.com-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Municipal Commissioner</th><td class="infobox-data">Animesh Kumar Parashar, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">IAS</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-Plan2015-4">[4]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">250 km2 (100 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">600 km2 (200 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">18</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">53 m (174 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2011)<a href="#cite_note-UA1Lakhandabove-6">[6]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,684,222 (IN: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_cities_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian cities by population">19th</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Cities1Lakhandabove-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">6,800/km2 (18,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,046,652 (IN: <a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India" title="List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India">18th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,874,000 (IN: <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_India" title="List of metropolitan areas in India">12th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Pataniya (local), Patnawasi (Hindi), Patnaite</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">Language</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a><a href="#cite_note-langoff-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Additional official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a><a href="#cite_note-langoff-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Regional</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Magahi_language" title="Magahi language">Magahi</a> <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a> <a href="/wiki/Maithili_language" title="Maithili language">Maithili</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_Index_Number" title="Postal Index Number">Pincode(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">8000xx (Patna)<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Area_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Area Code">Area Code</a>(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_India" title="Telephone numbers in India">+91-(0)612</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:IN" title="ISO 3166-2:IN">IN-BR-PA</a> <a href="/wiki/UN/LOCODE" title="UN/LOCODE">IN PAT</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Regional_Transport_Office_districts_in_India#BR—Bihar" title="List of Regional Transport Office districts in India">BR-01</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Literacy <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(2011)</th><td class="infobox-data">82.73%<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_sex_ratio" title="Human sex ratio">Sex ratio</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2011)</th><td class="infobox-data">897 <a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">♀</a>/1000 <a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">♂</a><a href="#cite_note-UA1Lakhandabove-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">Airport</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jay_Prakash_Narayan_Airport" title="Jay Prakash Narayan Airport">Jay Prakash Narayan Airport</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapid Transit">Rapid Transit</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Patna_Metro" title="Patna Metro">Patna Metro</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>(2020)</th><td class="infobox-data">US$17.085 (equivalent to $20.11 in 2023)Billion<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patna.nic.in">patna.nic.in</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> Patna (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈpʌtnə, ˈpæt-/</a>;<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Hindi: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[ˈpəʈnaː]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/50\/Patna.ogg\/Patna.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Patna.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/Patna.ogg/Patna.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Patna.ogg" title="File:Patna.ogg">ⓘ</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO</a>: Paṭanā), historically known as <a href="/wiki/Pataliputra" title="Pataliputra">Pāṭaliputra</a>,<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">capital</a> and largest city of the state of <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cities1Lakhandabove-1">[1]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, as of 2018, Patna had a population of 2.35 million,<a href="#cite_note-UNcities2018-16">[16]</a> making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">19th largest city</a> in India.<a href="#cite_note-Cities1Lakhandabove-1">[1]</a> Covering 250 square kilometres (97 sq mi) and over 2.5 million people, its urban agglomeration is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India" title="List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India">18th largest</a> in India. Patna also serves as the seat of <a href="/wiki/Patna_High_Court" title="Patna High Court">Patna High Court</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jain</a> pilgrimage centres of <a href="/wiki/Vaishali_district" title="Vaishali district">Vaishali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajgir" title="Rajgir">Rajgir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nalanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nalanda">Nalanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pawapuri" title="Pawapuri">Pawapuri</a> are nearby and <a href="/wiki/Patna_City" title="Patna City">Patna City</a> is a sacred city for <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikhs</a> as the tenth <a href="/wiki/10th_Sikh_Guru" class="mw-redirect" title="10th Sikh Guru">Sikh Guru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a> was born here.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> The modern city of Patna is mainly on the southern bank of the river <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a>. The city also straddles the rivers <a href="/wiki/Son_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Son River">Son</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gandak" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandak">Gandak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punpun_River" title="Punpun River">Punpun</a>. The city is approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) in length and 16 to 18 kilometres (9.9 to 11.2 mi) wide. One of the <a href="/wiki/Oldest_continuously_inhabited_places_in_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Oldest continuously inhabited places in the world">oldest continuously inhabited places in the world</a>,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Patna was founded in 490 BCE by the king of <a href="/wiki/Magadha_(Mahajanapada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadha (Mahajanapada)">Magadha</a>. <a href="/wiki/History_of_Patna" title="History of Patna">Ancient Patna</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/Pataliputra" title="Pataliputra">Pataliputra</a>, was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Magadha_(Mahajanapada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadha (Mahajanapada)">Magadha Empire</a> throughout the <a href="/wiki/Haryanka_dynasty" title="Haryanka dynasty">Haryanka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanda_dynasty" title="Nanda dynasty">Nanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurya_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurya dynasty">Mauryan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shunga_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunga dynasty">Shunga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gupta_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Gupta dynasty">Gupta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pala_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Pala empire">Pala</a> dynasties. Pataliputra was a seat of learning and fine arts. It was home to many astronomers and scholars including <a href="/wiki/Aryabhata" title="Aryabhata">Aryabhata</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C4%81tsy%C4%81yana" title="Vātsyāyana">Vātsyāyana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chanakya" title="Chanakya">Chanakya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Maurya" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurya">Maurya</a> period (around 300 BCE) its population was about 400,000.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Patna served as the seat of power, and political and cultural centre of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta</a> empires.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> With the fall of the Gupta Empire, Patna lost its glory. The British revived it again in the 17th century as a centre of international trade. Following the partition of Bengal presidency in 1912, Patna became the capital of <a href="/wiki/Bihar_and_Orissa_Province" title="Bihar and Orissa Province">Bihar and Orissa Province</a>.<a href="#cite_note-capital-23">[23]</a> Until the 19th century, it was a major trading and commercial hub in India.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> After independence there were a few downturns but its economy was still stable.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> After the separation of Jharkhand from Bihar, it lost its glory.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> As per the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Government of Bihar), Nominal GDP of <a href="/wiki/Patna_district" title="Patna district">Patna District</a> was estimated at <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">INR</a> 63,176.55 crores in 2011-12.<a href="#cite_note-dse.bihar.gov.in-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-PatnaGDP-28">[28]</a> As of 2011-12, Patna already recorded per capita gross domestic product of ₹1,08,657, way ahead of many other Indian cities and state capitals.<a href="#cite_note-dse.bihar.gov.in-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Using figures for assumed average annual growth, Patna is the 21st fastest growing city in the world and 5th fastest growing city in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> according to a study by the <a href="/wiki/City_Mayors_Foundation" title="City Mayors Foundation">City Mayors Foundation</a>. Patna registered an average annual growth of 3.72% during 2006–2010.<a href="#cite_note-cmf-30">[30]</a> As of 2011-12, the GDP per capita of Patna is ₹1,08,657, and its GDP growth rate is 7.29 per cent. In June 2009, the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> ranked Patna second in India (after <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>) for ease of starting a business.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_Patna" title="Names of Patna">Names of Patna</a></div> The name of this city has changed with time. One of the oldest cities of India, there are several theories regarding the origin of the modern name Patna (<a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: পাটনা; <a href="/wiki/Devanagri" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagri">Devanagari</a>: पटना; <a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a>: 𑂣𑂗𑂢𑂰; <a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a>: ਪਟਨਾ; Urdu: پٹنہ). It is <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymologically</a> derived from Patan (Devanagari: पटन), the name of the <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindu</a> goddess, Patan Devi.<a href="#cite_note-pcrc-32">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Patan_Devi" title="Patan Devi">Patan Devi</a> Mandir is still in old Patna near <a href="/wiki/Gulzarbagh" title="Gulzarbagh">Gulzarbagh</a> mandi along with another, Patan Devi Mandir, near <a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Patna_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Patna Sahib">Takht Sri Patna Sahib</a>. Many believe Patna derived its name from Patli, a tree variety that was found in abundance in the historic city.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> It is also seen on the <a href="/wiki/Bihar_State_Tourism_Development_Corporation" title="Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation">state tourism</a>'s logo.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The place is mentioned in Chinese traveller <a href="/wiki/Faxian" title="Faxian">Fa Hien</a>'s records as Pa-lin-fou.<a href="#cite_note-pcrc-32">[32]</a> The city has been known by various names through more than 2,000 years of existence – Pataligrama, <a href="/wiki/Pataliputra" title="Pataliputra">Pataliputra</a>, Kusumapura, Kusumdhwaja Pushpapuram, Padmavathi, Azimabad and the present-day Patna.<a href="#cite_note-nichist-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Legend ascribes the origin of Patna to the mythological King Putraka who created Patna by magic for his queen Patali, literally "trumpet flower", which gives it its ancient name <a href="/wiki/Pataligrama" class="mw-redirect" title="Pataligrama">Pataligrama</a>. It is said that in honour of the queen's firstborn, the city was named Pataliputra. Gram is Sanskrit for village and Putra means son.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Legend also says that the <a href="/wiki/Emerald_Buddha" title="Emerald Buddha">Emerald Buddha</a> was created in Patna (then Pataliputra) by <a href="/wiki/Nagasena" title="Nagasena">Nagasena</a> in 43 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Patna" title="History of Patna">History of Patna</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pataliputra" title="Pataliputra">Pataliputra</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bihar" title="History of Bihar">History of Bihar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_for_Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline for Bihar">Timeline for Bihar</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Era">Ancient Era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient Era">edit</a>]</div> Traditional Buddhist literature attributes foundation of Patna 490 BCE<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> as <a href="/wiki/Ajatashatru" title="Ajatashatru">Ajatashatru</a>, the king of Magadha, wanted to shift his capital from the hilly <a href="/wiki/Rajagrha" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajagrha">Rajagrha</a> (today Rajgir) to a strategically chosen place to better combat the <a href="/wiki/Licchavi_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Licchavi (tribe)">Licchavis</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vaishali_(ancient_city)" title="Vaishali (ancient city)">Vaishali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Attractions,_history_of_Patna-41">[41]</a> He chose the site on the bank of the Ganges and fortified the area. <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a> travelled through this place in the last year of his life. He prophesied a great future for this place even as he predicted its ruin due to flood, fire, and feud.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> According to Dieter Schlingloff, the Buddhist accounts may have presented the grandeur of Patna as a prophecy and that its wooden fortifications, unlike other early historic Indian cities, indicate that it might be much older than thought but only archaeological excavation and C14 dates of its wooden palisades which is presently lacking may establish this.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mauryan_Empire">Mauryan Empire</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mauryan Empire">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Matrikas_found_near_Agam_Kuan,_Patna,_1895.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Statue_of_Matrikas_found_near_Agam_Kuan%2C_Patna%2C_1895.jpg/170px-Statue_of_Matrikas_found_near_Agam_Kuan%2C_Patna%2C_1895.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Statue_of_Matrikas_found_near_Agam_Kuan%2C_Patna%2C_1895.jpg/255px-Statue_of_Matrikas_found_near_Agam_Kuan%2C_Patna%2C_1895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Statue_of_Matrikas_found_near_Agam_Kuan%2C_Patna%2C_1895.jpg/340px-Statue_of_Matrikas_found_near_Agam_Kuan%2C_Patna%2C_1895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2924" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Matrikas found near <a href="/wiki/Agam_Kuan" title="Agam Kuan">Agam Kuan</a>, built by Ashoka.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Megasthenes" title="Megasthenes">Megasthenes</a>, the Indo-Greek historian and ambassador to the court of Chandragupta Maurya, gave one of the earliest accounts of the city. He wrote that the city was on the confluence of the rivers Ganga and Arennovoas (Sonabhadra – Hiranyawah) and was 14 kilometres (9 mi) long and 2.82 kilometres (1.75 mi) wide.<a href="#cite_note-edu-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Megasthenes" title="Megasthenes">Megasthenes</a>, the Greek ambassador to India, described the city as the greatest city on earth during its heyday.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The Shungas ultimately retained control of Pataliputra and ruled for almost 100 years. The Shungas were followed by the Kanvas and eventually by the Guptas.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Some Chinese travellers came to India in pursuit of knowledge and recorded their observations about <a href="/wiki/Pataliputra" title="Pataliputra">Pataliputra</a> in their travelogues. One such famous account was recorded by a Chinese Buddhist traveller Fa Hien, who visited India between 399 and 414 CE, and stayed here for many months translating Buddhist texts.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> When the Chinese Buddhist Monk <a href="/wiki/Faxian" title="Faxian">Faxian</a> visited the city in 400 A.D, he found the people to be rich and prosperous; they practised virtue and justice. He found that the nobles and householders of the city had constructed several hospitals in which the poor of all countries, the needy, the crippled, and the diseased, could get treatment. They could receive every kind of help gratuitously. Physicians would inspect the diseases and order them food, drink, and medicines.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Magadha.GIF" class="mw-file-description" title="Pataliputra as a capital of the Magadha Empire."><img alt="Pataliputra as a capital of the Magadha Empire." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Magadha.GIF/120px-Magadha.GIF" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Magadha.GIF/180px-Magadha.GIF 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Magadha.GIF/240px-Magadha.GIF 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="337" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pataliputra as a capital of the <a href="/wiki/Haryanka_dynasty" title="Haryanka dynasty">Magadha Empire</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Maurya_Empire,_c.250_BCE_network_model_v01.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Pataliputra as capital of the Maurya Empire Maurya Empire at its largest extent under Ashoka the Great, conceptualized as a network of core regios connected by networks of communication and trade, with large areas with peripheral or no Maurya control.[a]"><img alt="Pataliputra as capital of the Maurya Empire Maurya Empire at its largest extent under Ashoka the Great, conceptualized as a network of core regios connected by networks of communication and trade, with large areas with peripheral or no Maurya control.[a]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Maurya_Empire%2C_c.250_BCE_network_model_v01.png/120px-Maurya_Empire%2C_c.250_BCE_network_model_v01.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Maurya_Empire%2C_c.250_BCE_network_model_v01.png/180px-Maurya_Empire%2C_c.250_BCE_network_model_v01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Maurya_Empire%2C_c.250_BCE_network_model_v01.png/240px-Maurya_Empire%2C_c.250_BCE_network_model_v01.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1121" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pataliputra as capital of the <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a> Maurya Empire at its largest extent under <a href="/wiki/Ashoka_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashoka the Great">Ashoka the Great</a>, conceptualized as a network of core regios connected by networks of communication and trade, with large areas with peripheral or no Maurya control.<a href="#cite_note-50">[a]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:SungaEmpireMap.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pataliputra as a capital of Shunga Empire. Approximate greatest extent of the Shunga Empire (c. 185 BCE)."><img alt="Pataliputra as a capital of Shunga Empire. Approximate greatest extent of the Shunga Empire (c. 185 BCE)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/SungaEmpireMap.jpg/100px-SungaEmpireMap.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/SungaEmpireMap.jpg/150px-SungaEmpireMap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/SungaEmpireMap.jpg/200px-SungaEmpireMap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="1440" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Pataliputra as a capital of <a href="/wiki/Shunga_Empire" title="Shunga Empire">Shunga Empire</a>. Approximate greatest extent of the <a href="/wiki/Shunga_Empire" title="Shunga Empire">Shunga Empire</a> (c. 185 BCE).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_Empire_320_-_600_ad.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pataliputra as a capital of Gupta Empire. Approximate greatest extent of the Gupta Empire."><img alt="Pataliputra as a capital of Gupta Empire. Approximate greatest extent of the Gupta Empire." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Gupta_Empire_320_-_600_ad.PNG/86px-Gupta_Empire_320_-_600_ad.PNG" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Gupta_Empire_320_-_600_ad.PNG/129px-Gupta_Empire_320_-_600_ad.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Gupta_Empire_320_-_600_ad.PNG/172px-Gupta_Empire_320_-_600_ad.PNG 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="703" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Pataliputra as a capital of <a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta Empire</a>. Approximate greatest extent of the <a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta Empire</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gupta_and_Pala_empire">Gupta and Pala empire</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gupta and Pala empire">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_street_of_Patna,_1814-15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Main_street_of_Patna%2C_1814-15.jpg/220px-Main_street_of_Patna%2C_1814-15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Main_street_of_Patna%2C_1814-15.jpg/330px-Main_street_of_Patna%2C_1814-15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Main_street_of_Patna%2C_1814-15.jpg/440px-Main_street_of_Patna%2C_1814-15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="671" /></a><figcaption>Main street of Patna, showing one side of the Chowk, 1814–15.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_of_Patna,_on_the_River_Ganges,_19th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/City_of_Patna%2C_on_the_River_Ganges%2C_19th_century.jpg/220px-City_of_Patna%2C_on_the_River_Ganges%2C_19th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/City_of_Patna%2C_on_the_River_Ganges%2C_19th_century.jpg/330px-City_of_Patna%2C_on_the_River_Ganges%2C_19th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/City_of_Patna%2C_on_the_River_Ganges%2C_19th_century.jpg/440px-City_of_Patna%2C_on_the_River_Ganges%2C_19th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="701" /></a><figcaption>City of Patna, on the River Ganges, 19th-century painting.</figcaption></figure> In the years that followed, many dynasties ruled the Indian subcontinent from the city, including the <a href="/wiki/Gupta_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Gupta dynasty">Gupta dynasty</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pala_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Pala empire">Pala</a> kings. With the disintegration of the Gupta empire, Patna passed through uncertain times. <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Khilji" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Khilji">Bakhtiar Khilji</a> captured Bihar in the 12th century and destroyed everything, and Patna lost its prestige as the political and cultural centre of India.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mughal_Empire">Mughal Empire</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mughal Empire">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guru_Tegh_Bahadar_receives_news_of_the_birth_of_Gobind_Rai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Guru_Tegh_Bahadar_receives_news_of_the_birth_of_Gobind_Rai.jpg/220px-Guru_Tegh_Bahadar_receives_news_of_the_birth_of_Gobind_Rai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Guru_Tegh_Bahadar_receives_news_of_the_birth_of_Gobind_Rai.jpg/330px-Guru_Tegh_Bahadar_receives_news_of_the_birth_of_Gobind_Rai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Guru_Tegh_Bahadar_receives_news_of_the_birth_of_Gobind_Rai.jpg/440px-Guru_Tegh_Bahadar_receives_news_of_the_birth_of_Gobind_Rai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur" title="Guru Tegh Bahadur">Guru Tegh Bahadur</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a>) being told about the birth of <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Gobind Rai</a> (in Patna), 19th century painting</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> was a period of unremarkable provincial administration from <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hoparoundindia1-52">[51]</a> The most remarkable period during the Middle Ages was under the <a href="/wiki/Afghans" title="Afghans">Afghan</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri" title="Sher Shah Suri">Sher Shah Suri</a>, who revived Patna in the middle of the 16th century. He built a fort and founded a town on the banks of the Ganges. Sher Shah's fort in Patna does not survive, although the Sher Shah Suri mosque, built in Afghan architectural style, does. Mughal emperor <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> reached Patna in 1574 to crush the rebellious Afghan Chief <a href="/wiki/Daud_Khan_Karrani" title="Daud Khan Karrani">Daud Khan</a>. One of the <a href="/wiki/Navratna" class="mw-redirect" title="Navratna">navratnas</a> from Akbar's court, his official historian and author of "<a href="/wiki/Ain-i-Akbari" title="Ain-i-Akbari">Ain-i-Akbari</a>" <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fazl_ibn_Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak">Abul Fazl</a> refers to Patna as a flourishing centre for paper, stone and glass industries. He also refers to the high quality of numerous strains of rice grown in Patna, famous as <a href="/wiki/Patna_rice" title="Patna rice">Patna rice</a> in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> By 1620, the city of Patna was being described as the "chiefest mart towne of all Bengala" (i.e. largest town in Bengal)<a href="#cite_note-Attractions,_history_of_Patna-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-google1-54">[53]</a> in northern India, "the largest town in Bengal and the most famous for trade".<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> This was before the founding of the city of Calcutta. <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal Emperor">Mughal Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> acceded to the request of his favourite grandson, <a href="/wiki/Azim-ush-Shan" title="Azim-ush-Shan">Prince Muhammad Azim</a>, to rename Patna as <a href="/wiki/Azimabad" title="Azimabad">Azimabad</a>, in 1704 while Azim was in Patna as the <a href="/wiki/Subedar" title="Subedar">subedar</a>. Patna or Azimabad did see some violent activities, according to Phillip Mason, writing in the book "The Men Who Ruled India". "Aurangzeb had restored the poll tax (Jazia) on unbelievers, which had to be compounded for. In Patna, Peacock, the factory's chief, was not sufficiently obedient. He was seized, forced to walk through the town bare-headed and bare-footed, and subjected to many other indignities before he paid up and was released." Little changed during this period other than the name. With the decline of the Mughal empire, Patna moved into the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Nawabs_of_Bengal" title="Nawabs of Bengal">Nawabs of Bengal</a>, who levied a heavy tax on the populace but allowed it to flourish as a commercial centre. The mansions of the Maharaja of <a href="/wiki/Tekari_Raj" title="Tekari Raj">Tekari Raj</a> dominated the Patna riverfront in 1811–12.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> In 1750, the future Nawab of Bengal, <a href="/wiki/Siraj_ud-Daulah" class="mw-redirect" title="Siraj ud-Daulah">Siraj ud-Daulah</a> revolted against his grandfather, <a href="/wiki/Alivardi_Khan" title="Alivardi Khan">Alivardi Khan</a>, and seized Patna, but quickly surrendered and was forgiven.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a> (22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708), the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, was born as Gobind Rai in Patna to <a href="/wiki/Guru_Teg_Bahadur" class="mw-redirect" title="Guru Teg Bahadur">Guru Teg Bahadur</a>, the ninth Guru of the Sikhs, and his wife <a href="/wiki/Mata_Gujri" title="Mata Gujri">Mata Gujri</a>. His birthplace, <a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Patna_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Patna Sahib">Patna Sahib</a>, is one of the most sacred sites of pilgrimage for Sikhs.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portuguese_Empire">Portuguese Empire</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Portuguese Empire">edit</a>]</div> As trade grew, settlements of the Portuguese empire expanded to the Bengal Gulf. Since at least 1515, the Portuguese were in Bengal as traders, and later in 1521, an embassy was sent to Gaur to create factories in the region. The Bengal Sultan after 1534 allowed the Portuguese to develop several settlements as Chitagoong e Satgaon.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> In 1535 the Portuguese were allied with the Bengal sultan and held the Teliagarhi pass<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> 280 km from Patna helping to avoid the invasion by the Mughals. By then, several of the products came from Patna, and the Portuguese sent in traders, establishing a factory there in 1580 at least.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> The products were shipped out down the river until other Portuguese ports as Chittagoon e Satgaoon, and from there to the rest of the empire. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Empire">British Empire</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: British Empire">edit</a>]</div> During the 17th century, Patna became a centre of international trade.<a href="#cite_note-google1-54">[53]</a> In 1620, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English</a> <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> established a <a href="/wiki/Factory_(trading_post)" title="Factory (trading post)">factory</a> in Patna for trading in <a href="/wiki/Calico_(textile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calico (textile)">calico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a>. Soon it became a trading centre for <a href="/wiki/Saltpetre" class="mw-redirect" title="Saltpetre">saltpetre</a>. Francois Bernier, in Travels in the Mogul Empire (1656–1668), says, ". It was carried down the Ganges with great facility, and the Dutch and English sent large cargoes to many parts of the Indies, and Europe". This trade encouraged other Europeans, principally the French, Danes, Dutch, and Portuguese, to compete in the lucrative business. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mundy" title="Peter Mundy">Peter Mundy</a>, writing in 1632, described Patna as "the greatest mart of the eastern region".<a href="#cite_note-hoparoundindia1-52">[51]</a> After the decisive <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buxar" title="Battle of Buxar">Battle of Buxar</a> of 1764, as per the treaty of Allahabad <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> was given the right to collect a tax of this former Mughal province by the Mughal emperor. Patna was annexed by the company in 1793 to its territory when Nizamat (Mughal suzerainty) was abolished, and the British East India Company took control of the province of Bengal-Bihar. Patna, however, continued as a trading centre. In 1912, when the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a> was partitioned, Patna became the capital of the British province of <a href="/wiki/Bihar_and_Orissa_Province" title="Bihar and Orissa Province">Bihar and Orissa</a>. However, in 1936 <a href="/wiki/Orissa,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Orissa, India">Orissa</a> became a separate entity with its capital. To date, a major population of Bengalis lives in Patna particularly.<a href="#cite_note-capital-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Bihar-62">[61]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Charles_D%27Oyly_-_Street_in_Patna_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Street in Patna, 1825 (British, active in India)"><img alt="Street in Patna, 1825 (British, active in India)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sir_Charles_D%27Oyly_-_Street_in_Patna_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/215px-Sir_Charles_D%27Oyly_-_Street_in_Patna_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sir_Charles_D%27Oyly_-_Street_in_Patna_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/323px-Sir_Charles_D%27Oyly_-_Street_in_Patna_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sir_Charles_D%27Oyly_-_Street_in_Patna_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/431px-Sir_Charles_D%27Oyly_-_Street_in_Patna_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5440" data-file-height="4045" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Street in Patna, 1825 (British, active in India)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Golghar_at_Bankipur,_near_Patna,_1814-15.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Golghar at Bankipore, near Patna, 1814–15"><img alt="Golghar at Bankipore, near Patna, 1814–15" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Golghar_at_Bankipur%2C_near_Patna%2C_1814-15.jpg/220px-Golghar_at_Bankipur%2C_near_Patna%2C_1814-15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Golghar_at_Bankipur%2C_near_Patna%2C_1814-15.jpg/330px-Golghar_at_Bankipur%2C_near_Patna%2C_1814-15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Golghar_at_Bankipur%2C_near_Patna%2C_1814-15.jpg/440px-Golghar_at_Bankipur%2C_near_Patna%2C_1814-15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2638" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Golghar" title="Golghar">Golghar</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bankipore" title="Bankipore">Bankipore</a>, near Patna, 1814–15</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Indian_Independence_Movement">Indian Independence Movement</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Indian Independence Movement">edit</a>]</div> People from Patna were greatly involved in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> Most notable movements were the <a href="/wiki/Champaran" title="Champaran">Champaran</a> movement against the <a href="/wiki/Indigo_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigo plant">Indigo</a> plantation and the 1942 <a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India Movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> National leaders who came from the city include <a href="/wiki/Swami_Sahajanand_Saraswati" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Sahajanand Saraswati">Swami Sahajanand Saraswati</a>; the first President of the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_India" title="Constituent Assembly of India">Constituent Assembly of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dr._Rajendra_Prasad" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Rajendra Prasad">Dr. Rajendra Prasad</a>; Bihar Vibhuti (<a href="/wiki/Anugrah_Narayan_Sinha" title="Anugrah Narayan Sinha">Anugrah Narayan Sinha</a>); <a href="/wiki/Basawon_Singh_(Sinha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basawon Singh (Sinha)">Basawon Singh (Sinha)</a>; and Loknayak (<a href="/wiki/Jayaprakash_Narayan" title="Jayaprakash Narayan">Jayaprakash Narayan</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Independence">Post-Independence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Post-Independence">edit</a>]</div> Patna remained the capital of <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> after India gained independence in 1947, even as <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> was partitioned again in 2000 when <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a> became a separate state of the Indian union.<a href="#cite_note-History_of_Bihar-62">[61]</a> On 27 October 2013, six people were killed and 85 others were injured in a <a href="/wiki/2013_Patna_bombings" title="2013 Patna bombings">series of co-ordinated bombings</a> at an election rally for <a href="/wiki/BJP" class="mw-redirect" title="BJP">BJP</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> On 3 October 2014, 33 people were killed and 26 injured in a <a href="/wiki/2014_Patna_stampede" title="2014 Patna stampede">stampede at Gandhi Maidan</a> during Vijaya Dashmi celebrations.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bihar" title="Geography of Bihar">Geography of Bihar</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Topography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patna_district.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Patna_district.PNG/220px-Patna_district.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Patna_district.PNG/330px-Patna_district.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Patna_district.PNG/440px-Patna_district.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1018" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption>Map of Patna district</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; text-align:center; font-size:90%; margin:1em;"> <caption>Patna's <a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban agglomeration">Urban agglomeration</a> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#dedebb;"> <th colspan="2">Jurisdiction </th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr style="background:#efefcc;"> <th>Town </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Estimate (2011) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Patna</td> <td>Municipal Corporation</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,684,222 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Danapur" title="Danapur">Danapur</a></td> <td>Nagar Parishad</td> <td style="text-align:right;">182,429 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Badalpura" title="Badalpura">Badalpura</a></td> <td>Out Growth</td> <td style="text-align:right;">75 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/wiki/Danapur_Cantonment" title="Danapur Cantonment">Danapur Cantonment</a></td> <td>Cantonment Board</td> <td style="text-align:right;">28,723 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Khagaul" title="Khagaul">Khagaul</a></td> <td>Nagar Parishad</td> <td style="text-align:right;">44,364 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nohsa" title="Nohsa">Nohsa</a></td> <td>Census Town</td> <td style="text-align:right;">16,680 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pataliputra_Housing_Colony" title="Pataliputra Housing Colony">Pataliputra Housing Colony</a></td> <td>Census Town</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,531 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phulwari_Sharif" title="Phulwari Sharif">Phulwari Sharif</a></td> <td>Nagar Parishad</td> <td style="text-align:right;">81,740 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saidpura" title="Saidpura">Saidpura</a></td> <td>Census Town</td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,392 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ddd;"> <td colspan="2">Patna UA</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,049,156 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ccc;"> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Patna_district" title="Patna district">Patna district</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,838,465 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">Source:<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Patna is on the southern bank of the river <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> The total area of Patna is 250 km2 (97 sq mi). The municipal area constitutes 109.218 km2 (42.169 sq mi). The suburban area covers 140.782 km2 (54.356 sq mi). It has an average elevation of 53 m (174 ft). A characteristic feature of the geography of Patna is its confluence of major rivers.<a href="#cite_note-area-72">[71]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, Patna was part of the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a>. After <a href="/wiki/Nalanda_district" title="Nalanda district">Nalanda district</a> was carved out of <a href="/wiki/Patna_district" title="Patna district">Patna district</a> in 1976,<a href="#cite_note-Statoids-73">[72]</a> Patna was purged of all hilly regions. It is an alluvial, flat expanse of land. The land in the district is too fertile and is almost entirely cultivated with no forest cover. Alluvial soil is ideal for cultivating rice, sugarcane, and other food grains. The area under cultivation is studded with mango orchards and bamboo groves. In the fields along the banks of river Ganges, weeds such as ammannia, citriculari, hygrophile and sesbania grow. But palmyra, date palm, and mango orchards are found near habitations. Dry stretches of shrubbery are sometimes seen in the villages far from the rivers. Trees commonly found are bel, siris, jack fruit, and the red cotton tree.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> Patna is unique in having four large rivers in its vicinity.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> It is the largest riverine city in the world.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> The topography of Patna city is saucer shaped as per Patna City Development Plan prepared in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> The bridge over the river Ganges named <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Setu" title="Mahatma Gandhi Setu">Mahatma Gandhi Setu</a> is 5575m long. It is <a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_by_length" class="mw-redirect" title="List of bridges by length">the longest river bridge in the India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> Patna comes under <a href="/wiki/Earthquake_zones_of_India" title="Earthquake zones of India">India's seismic zone-IV</a>, indicating its vulnerability to major <a href="/wiki/Earthquakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthquakes">earthquakes</a>, but earthquakes have not been common in recent history.<a href="#cite_note-hazardprofile-80">[79]</a> Patna also falls in the risk zone for floods and cyclones.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monsoon_clouds_over_Priyadarshi_Nagar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Monsoon_clouds_over_Priyadarshi_Nagar.jpg/220px-Monsoon_clouds_over_Priyadarshi_Nagar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Monsoon_clouds_over_Priyadarshi_Nagar.jpg/330px-Monsoon_clouds_over_Priyadarshi_Nagar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Monsoon_clouds_over_Priyadarshi_Nagar.jpg/440px-Monsoon_clouds_over_Priyadarshi_Nagar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Monsoon clouds over Priyadarshi Nagar, a part of <a href="/wiki/Kankarbagh" title="Kankarbagh">Kankarbagh</a>- residential area in Eastern Patna.</figcaption></figure> Patna has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger_climate_classification_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen-Geiger climate classification system">Köppen climate classification</a>: (Cwa) with sweltering summers from late March to June, the <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> season from late June to late September and chilly winter nights and foggy or sunny days from November to February.<a href="#cite_note-cnlu.ac.in-83">[82]</a> Highest temperature ever recorded was 46.6 °C (115.9 °F) in the year 1966,<a href="#cite_note-imd.gov.in-84">[83]</a> the lowest ever was 1.1 °C (34 °F) on 9 January 2013,<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> and highest rainfall was 204.5 mm (8.05 in) in the year 1997.<a href="#cite_note-imd.gov.in-84">[83]</a> The table below details historical monthly averages for climate variables. <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Patna_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Patna Airport">Patna Airport</a> (1991–2020, extremes 1951–2013) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1 (91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1 (95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.4 (106.5) </td> <td style="background: #D40000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.6 (112.3) </td> <td style="background: #C60000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.6 (114.1) </td> <td style="background: #B80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.6 (115.9) </td> <td style="background: #FD0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.6 (106.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0C00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.7 (103.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6 (99.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.2 (100.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6 (94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5 (86.9) </td> <td style="background: #B80000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46.6 (115.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1 (71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1 (79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2 (90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.1 (98.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5 (99.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4 (97.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4 (92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1 (91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6 (90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1 (89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1 (84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3 (75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.3 (88.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 (48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5 (54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0 (62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2 (72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2 (77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7 (80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5 (79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5 (79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7 (78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0 (71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4 (59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 (51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 (34.0) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 (38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 (46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3 (55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7 (63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3 (66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1 (70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2 (68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0 (66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 (53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 (45.9) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 (36.0) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1.1 (34.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #EFFFEF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 (0.40) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6 (0.50) </td> <td style="background: #F1FFF1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 (0.35) </td> <td style="background: #ECFFEC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 (0.47) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.4 (1.91) </td> <td style="background: #05FF05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.2 (6.39) </td> <td style="background: #004F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">289.1 (11.38) </td> <td style="background: #007000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">266.6 (10.50) </td> <td style="background: #00BB00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">209.7 (8.26) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.7 (1.96) </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 (0.21) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 (0.19) </td> <td style="background: #76FF76; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,077.6 (42.43) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">51.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) (at 17:30 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>) </th> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">61 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">207.7 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">228.8 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">260.4 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">264.0 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">272.8 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192.0 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB44; color:#000000;" class="notheme">130.2 </td> <td style="background: #C4C408; color:#000000;" class="notheme">151.9 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.0 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">238.7 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">240.0 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.5 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,550 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 </td> <td style="background: #C5C502; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/India_Meteorological_Department" title="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</a> (sun 1971–2000)<a href="#cite_note-IMDnormals-86">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDextremes-87">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDsun-88">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDcityextremes2-89">[88]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Weather Atlas<a href="#cite_note-Weather_Atlas-90">[89]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_pollution">Air pollution</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Air pollution">edit</a>]</div> Pollution is a major concern in Patna. According to the <a href="/wiki/Comptroller_and_Auditor_General_of_India" title="Comptroller and Auditor General of India">CAG</a> report, tabled in the <a href="/wiki/Bihar_Legislative_Assembly" title="Bihar Legislative Assembly">Bihar Legislative Assembly</a> in April 2015, respirable <a href="/wiki/Particulates" title="Particulates">suspended particulate matter</a> (RSPM) level (<a href="/wiki/PM-10" class="mw-redirect" title="PM-10">PM-10</a>) in Patna was 355, three-and-a-half times higher than the prescribed limit of 100 micro-gram per cubic metre,<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> primarily due to high vehicular<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> and industrial emissions<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> and construction activities in the city.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> In May 2014, a <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> survey declared Patna the second most air polluted city in India, only after <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, with the survey calculating the airborne particulate matter in the state capital's ambient air (<a href="/wiki/PM-2.5" class="mw-redirect" title="PM-2.5">PM-2.5</a>) to be 149 micro-grams, six times more than the safe limit, which is 25 micro-grams.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> Severe air pollution in the city has caused a rise in pollution-related respiratory ailments, such as <a href="/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer">lung cancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diarrhoea" class="mw-redirect" title="Diarrhoea">diarrhoea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> The dense smog in Patna during winter season results in major air and rail traffic disruptions every year.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> Patna has been ranked 10th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' <a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Patna" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Patna">Economy of Patna</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maurya_Lok_Patna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Maurya_Lok_Patna.jpg/220px-Maurya_Lok_Patna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Maurya_Lok_Patna.jpg/330px-Maurya_Lok_Patna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Maurya_Lok_Patna.jpg/440px-Maurya_Lok_Patna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Lok" title="Maurya Lok">Maurya Lok</a> is a major shopping area of the city, and one of the oldest</figcaption></figure> Since the 17th century, Patna has been a centre of international trade and an agricultural and textile hub, including a major silk and calico market.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] After <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">gaining independence</a> in 1947, the economy remained relatively stable, including growth in produce and manufacturing of vegetable oil. From the 1980s onwards, the economy experienced fluctuations. When liberalisation came to India in the 1990s, Patna did not attract significant global funds or foreign investment which proved a setback for the economy. Although the city had several fertiliser plants and sugar mills, due to a weakened ecosystem, many companies incurred losses and were eventually forced to close or leave the state.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The economy of Patna has seen sustained growth since 2005, in particular from the <a href="/wiki/Fast-moving_consumer_goods" title="Fast-moving consumer goods">fast-moving consumer goods</a> industry, the <a href="/wiki/Service_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Service sector">service sector</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution_in_India" title="Green Revolution in India">Green Revolution</a> businesses.<a href="#cite_note-patna-emerging-101">[100]</a> In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> ranked Patna as the second best city in India to start a business.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> In 2010, Patna was ranked 21st fastest-growing city in the world and fifth fastest-growing city in India, and was forecast to grow at an average annual rate of 3.72% through 2020.<a href="#cite_note-cmf-30">[30]</a> Its largest exports are <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">grain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">sesame</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Patna_rice" title="Patna rice">Patna rice</a>, a local medium-grained variety. There are several <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane_mill" title="Sugarcane mill">sugar mills</a> in and around Patna.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> Patna has been described as an important business and luxury brand centre of eastern India.<a href="#cite_note-patna-emerging-101">[100]</a> The major business districts of the city are Bander Bagicha, <a href="/wiki/Exhibition_Road,_Patna" title="Exhibition Road, Patna">Exhibition Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Maidan_Marg" title="Gandhi Maidan Marg">Gandhi Maidan Marg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frazer_Road" title="Frazer Road">Frazer Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indrapuri,_Patna" title="Indrapuri, Patna">Indrapuri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Lok" title="Maurya Lok">Maurya Lok</a>. Many manufacturing companies, including <a href="/wiki/Hero_Cycles" title="Hero Cycles">Hero Cycles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Britannia_Industries" title="Britannia Industries">Britannia Industries</a>, <a href="/wiki/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonalika_Tractors" title="Sonalika Tractors">Sonalika Tractors</a> and <a href="/wiki/UltraTech_Cement" title="UltraTech Cement">UltraTech Cement</a>, have established their manufacturing plants in the Patna metropolitan area. One of the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Cluster_development" title="Cluster development">leather clusters</a> is in Fatuha, in Patna. Patna is also emerging as an <a href="/wiki/Information_technology_in_India" title="Information technology in India">information technology</a> hub, including <a href="/wiki/Tata_Consultancy_Services" title="Tata Consultancy Services">Tata Consultancy Services</a>, which started operations in 2019 at a new Patna facility.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> There is also a growing number of home grown IT companies offering Software Development and AI/ ML solutions like <a href="/w/index.php?title=Technix_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technix Technology (page does not exist)">Technix Technology</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> and others. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:SBI_Patna.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="State Bank of India- Patna Regional office at East Gandhi Maidan Marg"><img alt="State Bank of India- Patna Regional office at East Gandhi Maidan Marg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/SBI_Patna.JPG/213px-SBI_Patna.JPG" decoding="async" width="213" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/SBI_Patna.JPG/320px-SBI_Patna.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/SBI_Patna.JPG/427px-SBI_Patna.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">State Bank of India- Patna Regional office at East <a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Maidan_Marg" title="Gandhi Maidan Marg">Gandhi Maidan Marg</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Software_Technology_Park_of_India,_Patna..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Software Technology Park of India, Patna"><img alt="Software Technology Park of India, Patna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Software_Technology_Park_of_India%2C_Patna..jpg/213px-Software_Technology_Park_of_India%2C_Patna..jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Software_Technology_Park_of_India%2C_Patna..jpg/320px-Software_Technology_Park_of_India%2C_Patna..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Software_Technology_Park_of_India%2C_Patna..jpg/427px-Software_Technology_Park_of_India%2C_Patna..jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Software_Technology_Parks_of_India" title="Software Technology Parks of India">Software Technology Park of India</a>, Patna</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:RBI_Patna.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Reserve Bank of India's regional office at South Gandhi Maidan Marg, Patna"><img alt="Reserve Bank of India's regional office at South Gandhi Maidan Marg, Patna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/RBI_Patna.JPG/213px-RBI_Patna.JPG" decoding="async" width="213" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/RBI_Patna.JPG/320px-RBI_Patna.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/RBI_Patna.JPG/427px-RBI_Patna.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reserve Bank of India's regional office at South Gandhi Maidan Marg, Patna</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bihar" title="Demographics of Bihar">Demographics of Bihar</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Bihar">List of cities in Bihar</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale collapsible collapsed" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1807–14</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">312,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1820</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">100,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−67.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1865</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">284,100</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+184.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1872</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">158,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−44.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">170,684</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+8.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">165,200</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">134,785</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−18.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">136,153</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">119,976</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−11.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">159,690</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+33.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">196,415</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+23.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">283,479</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+44.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">364,594</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+28.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">475,300</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+30.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">813,963</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+71.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,099,647</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+35.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,376,950</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+25.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,684,222</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+22.3%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Note: Huge population decline after 1814 due to the decrease in the river borne trade, persistent unhealthiness and repeated epidemics of plaque. Source: <a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> With an estimated population of 1.68 million in 2011, Patna is the 19th most populous city in India and with over 2 million people, its urban agglomeration is the 18th largest in India. Residents of Patna are referred to by the demonym Patnaite.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> According to 2011 census data, Patna city had a population of 1,684,222 (before the expansion of the city limits) within the <a href="/wiki/Patna_Municipal_Corporation" title="Patna Municipal Corporation">corporation</a> limits, with 893,399 men and 790,823 women. This was an increase of 22.3 per cent compared to the 2001 figures. 11.32 per cent of the population was under six years of age, with 102,208 boys and 88,288 girls. The overall <a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">literacy rate</a> is 83.37%, with the male literacy rate being 87.35% and the female literacy rate being 79.89%. The sex ratio of Patna is 885 females per 1,000 males. The child sex ratio of girls is 877 per 1000 boys.<a href="#cite_note-census2011-111">[110]</a> The urban agglomeration had a population of 2,049,156 of which 1,087,285 are males and 961,871 are females with 82.73% literacy.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> Patna is the second largest city (in terms of population) in <a href="/wiki/East_India" title="East India">eastern India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> Roughly 0.25% of Patna's population lives in slums which makes Patna, the city with the lowest percentage of people living in slums in India.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> Like other fast-growing cities in the developing world, Patna suffers from major <a href="/wiki/Urbanisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Urbanisation">urbanisation</a> problems including unemployment, poor public health, and poor civic and educational standards for a large section of the population.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> In 2015, the National Sample Survey Organisation revealed that, for females, Patna had the highest unemployment rate 34.6%, and for males, it was the second highest with a rate of 8% in 2011–12.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion_and_language">Religion and language</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Religion and language">edit</a>]</div> <div class="notheme barbox tleft" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#Fcd116"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Patna city (2011)<a href="#cite_note-religion-117">[116]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkorange; width:86.39%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">86.39%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Bihari_Muslims" title="Bihari Muslims">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:12.27%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">12.27%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Bihar" title="Christianity in Bihar">Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:dodgerblue; width:0.51%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.51%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other or not stated</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:0.83%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.83%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> According to the 2011 census of India, Patna's major religion is <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> with 86.39% followers. <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> is the second most popular religion in Patna with approximately 12.27% following it. <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>, and Buddhism, with smaller followings, are also practised in Patna. During the last census report, around 0.01% stated other religions and approximately 0.49% stated no particular religion.<a href="#cite_note-religion-117">[116]</a> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1158.8441734001px; border-left-color:pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:pink"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 497.01913556283px; border-left-color:gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:gold"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 237.19498297193px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 63.285796410746px; border-left-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:84.230191097523px 53.900602108648px 0 0; border-top-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Languages of Patna city (2011)<a href="#cite_note-languages-118">[117]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (65.94%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Magahi_language" title="Magahi language">Magahi</a> (18.04%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> (9.67%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a> (3.19%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Maithili_language" title="Maithili language">Maithili</a> (1.79%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Others (1.37%)</div> </div> </div></div> <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> is the official language of the state of <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> is the additional official language, but many other languages are spoken too. The native language is <a href="/wiki/Magadhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadhi">Magadhi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Magahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Magahi">Magahi</a>, named after Magadha, the ancient name of South Bihar and is most widely spoken. <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> is spoken by 65.94% of the population, 18.04% Magahi, 9.67% Urdu, 3.19% <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a> and 1.79% <a href="/wiki/Maithili_language" title="Maithili language">Maithili</a> as their first language.<a href="#cite_note-languages-118">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Administration">edit</a>]</div> The Patna sub-division (<a href="/wiki/Tehsil" title="Tehsil">Tehsil</a>) is one of the 6 Tehsils of the <a href="/wiki/Patna_district" title="Patna district">Patna district</a>. It is headed by an IAS or state Civil service officer of the rank of <a href="/wiki/Sub_Divisional_Magistrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub Divisional Magistrate">Sub Divisional Magistrate</a> (SDM). The SDM of Patna Tehsil reports to the <a href="/wiki/District_Magistrate" class="mw-redirect" title="District Magistrate">District Magistrate</a> (DM) of Patna District. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blocks">Blocks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Blocks">edit</a>]</div> The Patna Tehsil is divided into 3 <a href="/wiki/Community_development_block" title="Community development block">Blocks</a>, each headed by a Block Development Officer (BDO). The list of Blocks is as follows: <ol><li>Patna</li> <li>Sampatchak</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulwari_Sharif" title="Phulwari Sharif">Phulwari Sharif</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civic_administration">Civic administration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Civic administration">edit</a>]</div> The civic administration of Patna is run by several government agencies and has overlapping structural divisions. At least five administrative definitions of the city are available; listed in ascending order of area, those are: <a href="/wiki/Patna_division" title="Patna division">Patna division</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patna_district" title="Patna district">Patna district</a> (also the <a href="/wiki/Patna_Police" title="Patna Police">Patna Police</a> area), the <a href="/wiki/Patna_Metropolitan_Region" title="Patna Metropolitan Region">Patna Metropolitan Region</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> (also known as Patna Planning area),<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> "Greater Patna" or <a href="/wiki/PRDA" class="mw-redirect" title="PRDA">PRDA</a> area, which adds to the PMC area a few areas just adjacent to it<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patna_Municipal_Corporation" title="Patna Municipal Corporation">Patna Municipal Corporation</a> area. <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="float:right; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; text-align:right; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:tan; text-align:center" colspan="5">City officials  </th></tr> <tr style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Assumed office</td> <td>Office</td> <td>Source </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Corporation Mayor</td> <td>Sita Sahu, <a href="/wiki/BJP" class="mw-redirect" title="BJP">BJP</a></td> <td>June 2017</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Lok" title="Maurya Lok">Maurya Lok</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-mayor-122">[121]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Corporation Commissioner</td> <td>Animesh Kumar Parashar, IAS</td> <td>November 2021</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Lok" title="Maurya Lok">Maurya Lok</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Divisional Commissioner</td> <td>Sanjay Kumar Agarwal, IAS</td> <td>October 2019</td> <td>Near <a href="/wiki/Golghar" title="Golghar">Golghar</a>, Gandhi Maidan</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">District Magistrate</td> <td>Dr.Chandrashekhar Singh, IAS</td> <td>January 2021</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Patna_Collectorate" title="Patna Collectorate">Patna Collectorate</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Senior Superintendent of Police</td> <td>Manavjit Singh Dhillon, IPS</td> <td>January 2022</td> <td>South <a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Maidan_Marg" title="Gandhi Maidan Marg">Gandhi Maidan Marg</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table>The Patna Municipal Corporation, or PMC, oversees and manages the civic infrastructure of the city's 75 wards,<a href="#cite_note-mayor-122">[121]</a> which accommodates a population of 1.7 million as per 2011 Census. The municipal corporation consists of democratically elected members, each ward elects a Councillor to the PMC.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> The PMC is in charge of the civic and infrastructure needs of the metropolis. As Patna's apex body, the corporation discharges its functions through the mayor-in-council, which comprises a mayor, a deputy mayor, and other elected members of the PMC. The Mayor is usually chosen through indirect election by the councillors from among themselves. The functions of the PMC include water supply, drainage and sewerage, sanitation, solid waste management, street lighting, and building regulation. The Municipal Commissioner is the chief Executive Officer and head of the executive arm of the Municipal Corporation. All executive powers are vested in the Municipal Commissioner who is an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">Indian Administrative Service</a> (IAS) officer appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Bihar_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Bihar Government">state government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> Although the Municipal Corporation is the legislative body that lays down policies for the governance of the city, it is the Commissioner who is responsible for the execution of the policies. The Commissioner is appointed for a fixed term as defined by state statute. The powers of the Commissioner are those provided by statute and those delegated by the Corporation or the Standing Committee. As of June 2017, the <a href="/wiki/BJP" class="mw-redirect" title="BJP">BJP</a> won PMC Mayor seat; the mayor is Sita Sahu, while the deputy mayor is Vinay Kumar Pappu.<a href="#cite_note-mayor-122">[121]</a> The Patna Municipal Corporation was ranked 4th out of 21 Cities for best governance & administrative practices in India in 2014. It scored 3.6 on 10 compared to the national average of 3.3.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> The revenue district of Patna comes under the jurisdiction of a <a href="/wiki/District_Collector" class="mw-redirect" title="District Collector">District Collector</a> (District Magistrate).<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> The Collectors are in charge of the general administration, property records and revenue collection for the Central Government, and oversee the national elections held in the city.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bihar_Urban_Infrastructure_Development_Corporation" title="Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation">Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation</a> Limited (BUIDCO) and the Patna Metropolitan Area Authority, are responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Statutory_planning" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutory planning">statutory planning</a> and development of the <a href="/wiki/Patna_Metropolitan_Region" title="Patna Metropolitan Region">Patna Metropolitan Region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> Patna Metropolitan Area Authority was established in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> It is the superseding agency for the former <a href="/wiki/Patna_Regional_Development_Authority" title="Patna Regional Development Authority">Patna Regional Development Authority</a> (PRDA), which was dissolved in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> In addition to the city government, numerous commissions and state authorities—including the Ministry of Tourism, the Bihar Health Department, the Bihar Water Resources Department, National Ganga River Basin Authority, Bihar State Pollution Control Board and the Bihar Public Service Commission—play a role in the life of Patnaites. As the capital of Bihar, Patna plays a major role not only in state politics but in central politics as well.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> In October 2016, the Bihar cabinet approved the Patna master plan 2031 which envisages the development of a new airport at <a href="/wiki/Bihta" title="Bihta">Bihta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> As of August 2015, the area of Patna city (along with its urban agglomeration) is 250 square kilometres (97 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-Plan2015-4">[4]</a> Patna master 2031 is the second master plan of the city that has been passed ever, after the last plan was approved for 1961-1981.<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> Patna master plan covers six urban local bodies - Patna Municipal Corporation, Danapur Nagar Parishad, Phulwarisharif Nagar Parishad, Khagaul Nagar Parishad, Maner Nagar Panchayat and Fatuha Nagar Parishad.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> The new master plan proposed to increase the area of Patna city to 1,167 square kilometres (451 sq mi) to transform it as a metropolitan city.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> 5 satellite towns have also been proposed in the master plan at <a href="/wiki/Bihta" title="Bihta">Bihta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naubatpur" title="Naubatpur">Naubatpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punpun" title="Punpun">Punpun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatuha" title="Fatuha">Fatuha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khusrupur" title="Khusrupur">Khusrupur</a>. Patna has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a <a href="/wiki/Smart_city" title="Smart city">smart city</a> under <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>'s flagship <a href="/wiki/Smart_Cities_Mission" title="Smart Cities Mission">Smart Cities Mission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> With the grade of a Smart City, Patna will have highly up-to-date and radical provisions like uninterrupted electric supply, first-rate traffic and transport system, superior health care and many other prime utilities. Under this scheme, the city will use digital technology that will act as the integral mechanism of the aforesaid facilities and thereby further elevate the lifestyle of the citizens. A special purpose vehicle company named the Patna Smart City Limited has been formed to implement the smart city projects. On 22 November 2017, Eptisa Servicios de Ingenieria SL of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> was chosen as the project management consultant.<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> As the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bihar" title="Government of Bihar">Government of Bihar</a>, The city has several federal facilities, including the <a href="/wiki/Raj_Bhavan_(Bihar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Raj Bhavan (Bihar)">Raj Bhavan</a>: Governor's house, the <a href="/wiki/Bihar_Legislative_Assembly" title="Bihar Legislative Assembly">Bihar Legislative Assembly</a>; the state secretariat, which is housed in the <a href="/wiki/Patna_Secretariat" title="Patna Secretariat">Patna Secretariat</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Patna_High_Court" title="Patna High Court">Patna High Court</a>. The Patna High Court is one of the oldest High Court in India. The Patna High Court has jurisdiction over the state of Bihar.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> Patna also has lower courts; the Small Causes Court for civil matters, and the Sessions Court for criminal cases.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Patna_Police" title="Patna Police">Patna Police</a>, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Senior_Superintendent_of_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Senior Superintendent of Police">Senior Superintendent of Police</a>, is overseen by the Bihar Government's Home Department. The Patna district elects two representatives to India's lower house, the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>,<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> and 14 representatives to the state legislative assembly. The capital city of Patna has 8 State Legislative Assembly constituencies,<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> which form two constituencies of the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a> of the Parliament of India). <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patna_district_assembly.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Patna_district_assembly.png/220px-Patna_district_assembly.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Patna_district_assembly.png 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="152" /></a><figcaption>8 State Legislative Assembly constituencies in capital city of Patna</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="float:center; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; text-align:right; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5" style="background:tan; text-align:center">City representatives (<a href="/wiki/Legislator" title="Legislator">Legislators</a>)  </th></tr> <tr style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"> <td>Member</td> <td>Party</td> <td>Constituency</td> <td>Source </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_Prasad" title="Ravi Shankar Prasad">Ravi Shankar Prasad</a>, MP</td> <td>BJP</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Patna_Sahib_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patna Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)">Patna Sahib</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-MPs-148">[147]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Misa_Bharti" title="Misa Bharti">Misa Bharti</a>, MP</td> <td>RJD</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pataliputra_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pataliputra (Lok Sabha constituency)">Pataliputra</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sanjiv_Chaurasiya" title="Sanjiv Chaurasiya">Sanjiv Chaurasiya</a>, MLA</td> <td>BJP</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digha_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Digha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Digha</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Patna_MLAs-150">[149]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Nitin Naveen, MLA</td> <td>BJP</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bankipur_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Bankipur</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Patna_MLAs-150">[149]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Nand_Kishore_Yadav" title="Nand Kishore Yadav">Nand Kishore Yadav</a>, MLA</td> <td>BJP</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Patna_Sahib_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patna Sahib (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Patna Sahib</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Patna_MLAs-150">[149]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Arun Kumar Sinha, MLA</td> <td>BJP</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kumhrar_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumhrar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Kumhrar</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Patna_MLAs-150">[149]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Rama Nand Yadav, MLA</td> <td>RJD</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fatuha_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatuha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Fatuha</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ritlal_Yadav" title="Ritlal Yadav">Ritlal Yadav</a>, MLA</td> <td>RJD</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Danapur_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Danapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Danapur</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Patna_MLAs-150">[149]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Ravidas" title="Gopal Ravidas">Gopal Ravidas</a>, MLA</td> <td>CPI-ML(L)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phulwari_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phulwari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Phulwari</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Bhai Virendra, MLA</td> <td>RJD</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maner_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maner (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Maner</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-br_mlas-153">[152]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utility_services">Utility services</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Utility services">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TV_Tower_Patna_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/TV_Tower_Patna_04.jpg/170px-TV_Tower_Patna_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/TV_Tower_Patna_04.jpg/255px-TV_Tower_Patna_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/TV_Tower_Patna_04.jpg/340px-TV_Tower_Patna_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bhootnath_Road" title="Bhootnath Road">Bhootnath Road</a> TV Tower broadcasts programming to Patna</figcaption></figure> Groundwater fulfills the basic needs of the people,<a href="#cite_note-water-154">[153]</a> administered by Patna Jal Parishad under Patna Municipal Corporation.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> The public water supply system comprises 98 tube wells<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> that pump water directly to the distribution mains. Around 23 overhead reservoirs<a href="#cite_note-water-154">[153]</a> of which only the ones at <a href="/wiki/Agam_Kuan" title="Agam Kuan">Agam Kuan</a>, Gulzarbagh Press, <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh_Hospital" title="Guru Gobind Singh Hospital">Guru Gobind Singh Hospital</a> and High Court serve the city. The sewerage system in Patna was set up in 1936. At present, there are four sewage treatment plants<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> at Saidpur, Beur, Pahari and Karmali Chak.<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> In 2019, the central government has started the process Nirmal Ganga, which is to build new sewerage infrastructure at Patna's Karmalichak as well as in Barh, Naugachia and Sultanganj. The new infrastructure will be capable of preventing the flow of 67 million litre of sewage into <a href="/wiki/Ganga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganga">Ganga</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> As of 2011, the city's electricity consumption is about 601 kWh per capita, even though the actual demand is much higher.<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> Electricity supply to the city is regulated and distributed by the <a href="/wiki/South_Bihar_Power_Distribution_Company_Limited" title="South Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited">South Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> managed by <a href="/wiki/Bihar_State_Power_Holding_Company_Limited" title="Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited">Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited</a> (the holding company and a successor company of erstwhile Bihar State Electricity Board).<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> The city forms the <a href="/wiki/Patna_Electric_Supply_Undertaking" title="Patna Electric Supply Undertaking">Patna Electric Supply Undertaking</a> (PESU)<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> Circle, which is further divided into two wings namely Patna East (consists <a href="/wiki/Kankarbagh" title="Kankarbagh">Kankarbagh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patna_City" title="Patna City">Patna City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulzarbagh" title="Gulzarbagh">Gulzarbagh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bankipore" title="Bankipore">Bankipore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Nagar,_Patna" title="Rajendra Nagar, Patna">Rajendra Nagar</a> Divisions) and Patna West (Consists <a href="/wiki/Danapur" title="Danapur">Danapur</a>, New Capital, <a href="/wiki/Pataliputra_Housing_Colony" title="Pataliputra Housing Colony">Pataliputra</a>, Gardanibagh, Dak Bungalow divisions).<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> Direct–to–home (DTH) is available via <a href="/wiki/DD_Free_Dish" title="DD Free Dish">DD Free Dish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airtel_digital_TV" title="Airtel digital TV">Airtel digital TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dish_TV" title="Dish TV">Dish TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tata_Sky" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata Sky">Tata Sky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Videocon_d2h" class="mw-redirect" title="Videocon d2h">Videocon d2h</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Direct" title="Sun Direct">Sun Direct</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Digital_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Reliance Digital TV">Reliance Digital TV</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> Cable companies include Darsh Digital Network Pvt. Ltd.,<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> SITI Maurya Cablenet Pvt. Ltd<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> etc. The Conditional Access System for cable television was implemented in March 2013.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> Patna comes under the Patna Telecom District of the <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Sanchar_Nigam_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited">Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited</a> (BSNL),<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> India's state-owned telecom and internet services provider. Both <a href="/wiki/Global_System_for_Mobile_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Global System for Mobile Communications">Global System for Mobile Communications</a> (GSM) and <a href="/wiki/Code_division_multiple_access" class="mw-redirect" title="Code division multiple access">Code division multiple access</a> (CDMA) mobile services are available.<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> Apart from telecom, BSNL also provides broadband internet service.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> Among private enterprises, <a href="/wiki/Bharti_Airtel" title="Bharti Airtel">Bharti Airtel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jio" title="Jio">Reliance Jio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Communications" title="Reliance Communications">Reliance GSM/CDMA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idea_Cellular" title="Idea Cellular">Idea Cellular</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aircel" title="Aircel">Aircel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tata_Teleservices" title="Tata Teleservices">Tata Teleservices</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tata_DoCoMo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata DoCoMo">Tata DoCoMo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile" title="Virgin Mobile">Virgin Mobile</a> and Tata Indicom), <a href="/wiki/Telenor_India" title="Telenor India">Telenor</a> (Formerly Uninor & Now Acquired by Bharti Airtel), <a href="/wiki/Vodafone_India" title="Vodafone India">Vodafone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Videocon_Telecom" title="Videocon Telecom">Videocon Telecom</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> are the leading telephone and cell phone service providers in the city.<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> Patna was the second Indian city, after <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>,<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> which offered free WiFi connectivity to its citizens in February 2014. By surpassing the previous record-holder, <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>,<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> Patna's WiFi zone is the world's longest free WiFi zone, which covers a 20-km stretch from <a href="/wiki/NIT_Patna" class="mw-redirect" title="NIT Patna">NIT Patna</a> on <a href="/wiki/Ashok_Rajpath" title="Ashok Rajpath">Ashok Rajpath</a> to <a href="/wiki/Danapur" title="Danapur">Danapur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Roads">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:244px;max-width:244px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Jagdeo_Path_Mor_to_Sheikhpura_Mor_four-lane_flyover_Patna_Bihar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Jagdeo_Path_Mor_to_Sheikhpura_Mor_four-lane_flyover_Patna_Bihar.jpg/240px-Jagdeo_Path_Mor_to_Sheikhpura_Mor_four-lane_flyover_Patna_Bihar.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Jagdeo_Path_Mor_to_Sheikhpura_Mor_four-lane_flyover_Patna_Bihar.jpg/360px-Jagdeo_Path_Mor_to_Sheikhpura_Mor_four-lane_flyover_Patna_Bihar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Jagdeo_Path_Mor_to_Sheikhpura_Mor_four-lane_flyover_Patna_Bihar.jpg/480px-Jagdeo_Path_Mor_to_Sheikhpura_Mor_four-lane_flyover_Patna_Bihar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Bihar's longest flyover from Jagdeo Path Mor to Sheikhpura Mor in <a href="/wiki/Bailey_Road,_Patna" title="Bailey Road, Patna">Bailey Road, Patna</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Flyover_At_Patna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/eb/New_Flyover_At_Patna.jpg/240px-New_Flyover_At_Patna.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/eb/New_Flyover_At_Patna.jpg/360px-New_Flyover_At_Patna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/eb/New_Flyover_At_Patna.jpg/480px-New_Flyover_At_Patna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="467" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Chiriyatand Flyover at Patna, one of the many new ones that have come up in the city recently.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Patna-Radio-Cab.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Patna-Radio-Cab.PNG/240px-Patna-Radio-Cab.PNG" decoding="async" width="240" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Patna-Radio-Cab.PNG/360px-Patna-Radio-Cab.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Patna-Radio-Cab.PNG/480px-Patna-Radio-Cab.PNG 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="365" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Radio Taxis</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Digha_Sonpur_bridge_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Digha_Sonpur_bridge_3.jpg/240px-Digha_Sonpur_bridge_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Digha_Sonpur_bridge_3.jpg/360px-Digha_Sonpur_bridge_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Digha_Sonpur_bridge_3.jpg/480px-Digha_Sonpur_bridge_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="768" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Digha%E2%80%93Sonpur_Bridge" title="Digha–Sonpur Bridge">Digha–Sonpur Bridge</a> connecting Patna with North Bihar.</div></div></div></div></div> Patna is about 100 km south of national <a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_and_East%E2%80%93West_Corridor" title="North–South and East–West Corridor">East – West Highway corridor</a>. The <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_30_(India)" title="National Highway 30 (India)">NH 30</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_31_(India)" title="National Highway 31 (India)">NH 31</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_2_(India)" title="National Highway 2 (India)">NH 2</a> passes through the city. The <a href="/wiki/Ashok_Rajpath" title="Ashok Rajpath">Ashok Rajpath</a>, Patna-<a href="/wiki/Danapur" title="Danapur">Danapur</a> Road, <a href="/wiki/Bailey_Road,_Patna" title="Bailey Road, Patna">Bailey Road</a>, Harding Road and <a href="/wiki/Kankarbagh" title="Kankarbagh">Kankarbagh</a> old bypass Road are the major corridors. Patna was one of the first places in India to use horse-drawn trams for public <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Trams in India">transport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> Public transportation is provided for by <a href="/wiki/Buses" class="mw-redirect" title="Buses">buses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">auto rickshaws</a> and <a href="/wiki/Local_trains" class="mw-redirect" title="Local trains">local trains</a>. Auto rickshaws are said to be the lifeline of the city.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> <a href="/wiki/BSRTC" class="mw-redirect" title="BSRTC">BSRTC</a> has started City bus service on all major routes of Patna.<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> App based cab service is available within city.<a href="#cite_note-Ola!_City_taps_app_&_go_habit-184">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-All_we_hear_is_Radio_Taxi-185">[184]</a> Patna is about 70.02KM away from <a href="/wiki/Chhapra" title="Chhapra">Chhapra</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_transport">Air transport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Air transport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jayaprakash_Narayan_International_Airport_2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jayaprakash_Narayan_International_Airport_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Jayaprakash_Narayan_International_Airport_2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jayaprakash_Narayan_International_Airport_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Jayaprakash_Narayan_International_Airport_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jayaprakash_Narayan_International_Airport_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-Jayaprakash_Narayan_International_Airport_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="2559" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jay_Prakash_Narayan_Airport" title="Jay Prakash Narayan Airport">Jay Prakash Narayan Airport</a>, Patna</figcaption></figure> Patna Airport known as <a href="/wiki/Lok_Nayak_Jayaprakash_Narayan_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan International Airport">Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan International Airport</a> is classified as a restricted international airport.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> The arrival of several low-cost carriers and a number of new destinations have caused a growth in air traffic in recent years, as has an improvement in the situation with regard to law and order.<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> For the period April to December 2009 the airport ranked first in a survey of 46 airports in the country in terms of percentage growth of domestic passengers as well as domestic aircraft movement.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Airport_Authority_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Airport Authority of India">Airport Authority of India</a> (AAI) has proposed to develop a civil enclave at <a href="/wiki/Bihta_Air_Force_Station" title="Bihta Air Force Station">Bihta Air Force Station</a> to serve as the new airport for Patna. The military airfield lies 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Patna, in <a href="/wiki/Bihta" title="Bihta">Bihta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railways">Railways</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Railways">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patna_junction.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Patna_junction.jpg/200px-Patna_junction.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Patna_junction.jpg/300px-Patna_junction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Patna_junction.jpg/400px-Patna_junction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4774" data-file-height="4299" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Patna_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Patna Junction">Patna Junction</a> Railway Station, Patna</figcaption></figure> Patna is served by several railway stations within. The <a href="/wiki/Patna_Junction_railway_station" title="Patna Junction railway station">Patna Junction railway station</a> is the main railway station of the city, and one of the busiest railway stations in India.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> Patna lies in between <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a> on <a href="/wiki/Howrah%E2%80%93Delhi_main_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Howrah–Delhi main line">Howrah–Delhi main line</a>, which is one of the busiest rail routes in India.<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> Patna Junction is directly connected to most of the major cities in India.<a href="#cite_note-GoldbergDcary2009-192">[191]</a> The city has four additional major railway stations: <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Nagar_Terminal_railway_station" title="Rajendra Nagar Terminal railway station">Rajendra Nagar Terminal</a> (adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Kankarbagh" title="Kankarbagh">Kankarbagh</a>), <a href="/wiki/Patliputra_Junction_railway_station" title="Patliputra Junction railway station">Patliputra Junction</a> (near <a href="/wiki/Bailey_Road,_Patna" title="Bailey Road, Patna">Bailey road</a>), <a href="/wiki/Danapur_railway_station" title="Danapur railway station">Danapur</a> (near western outskirts) and <a href="/wiki/Patna_Sahib_railway_station" title="Patna Sahib railway station">Patna Sahib</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Patna_City" title="Patna City">Patna City</a> area). Danapur is the divisional headquarters of <a href="/wiki/East_Central_Railway_zone" title="East Central Railway zone">East Central Railway zone</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Danapur_railway_division" title="Danapur railway division">Danapur railway division</a>. Patna is well connected with neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Gaya,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaya, India">Gaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jehanabad" title="Jehanabad">Jehanabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar_Sharif" title="Bihar Sharif">Bihar Sharif</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajgir" title="Rajgir">Rajgir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islampur,_Nalanda" title="Islampur, Nalanda">Islampur</a> through daily passenger and express train services. And also connected with <a href="/wiki/Jamalpur_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamalpur Junction">Jamalpur Junction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Munger" title="Munger">Munger</a>. India's longest road-cum-rail bridge, <a href="/wiki/Digha%E2%80%93Sonpur_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Digha–Sonpur bridge">Digha–Sonpur bridge</a> has been constructed across river <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a>, connecting <a href="/wiki/Digha,_Patna" title="Digha, Patna">Digha, Patna</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pahlejaghat_Junction_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahlejaghat Junction railway station">Pahleja Ghat</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sonpur,_Bihar" title="Sonpur, Bihar">Sonpur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a> The bridge was completed in 2015,<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> It is 4.55 kilometres (2.83 miles) long and therefore the <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_bridges_above_water_in_India" title="List of longest bridges above water in India">second longest rail-cum-road bridge in India</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Bogibeel_Bridge" title="Bogibeel Bridge">Bogibeel Bridge</a> in Assam.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> The city is served by several major road highways and state highways, including <a href="/wiki/National_highways_of_India" title="National highways of India">National Highways</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_19_(India)" title="National Highway 19 (India)">19</a>,<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_30_(India)" title="National Highway 30 (India)">30</a>,<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_31_(India)" title="National Highway 31 (India)">31</a>,<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_83_(India)" title="National Highway 83 (India)">83</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pataliputra_Bus_Terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pataliputra Bus Terminal">Pataliputra Bus Terminal</a> is an upcoming <a href="/wiki/Inter_State_Bus_Terminals" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter State Bus Terminals">ISBT</a>. Asia's longest river bridge, the <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Setu" title="Mahatma Gandhi Setu">Mahatma Gandhi Setu</a> (built 1982), is in Patna and connects the city to <a href="/wiki/Hajipur" title="Hajipur">Hajipur</a> across the Ganga. In recent times, the bridge has been witnessing major traffic chaos and accidents due to exceeding number of vehicles passing over it and regularly overloading the structure.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Kacchi_Dargah-Bidupur_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Kacchi Dargah-Bidupur Bridge">new six lane road bridge</a> across the Ganges parallel to Mahatma Gandhi Setu is proposed which would connect Kacchi Dargah in <a href="/wiki/Patna_City" title="Patna City">Patna City</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bidupur" title="Bidupur">Bidupur</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vaishali_district" title="Vaishali district">Vaishali district</a>,<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a> which will be the longest bridge in India after completion.<a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a> Patna is well connected with roads to various major cities of <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> like <a href="/wiki/Hajipur" title="Hajipur">Hajipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munger" title="Munger">Munger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamalpur,_Bihar" title="Jamalpur, Bihar">Jamalpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhagalpur" title="Bhagalpur">Bhagalpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaya,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaya, India">Gaya</a> <a href="/wiki/Motihari" title="Motihari">Motihari</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Purnia" title="Purnia">Purnia</a>. Patna is 1,015 kilometres (631 miles) East from <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, 1,802 kilometres (1,120 miles) North East from <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>,1,527 kilometres (949 miles) North from <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad, India">Hyderabad</a> and 556 kilometres (345 miles) North West from <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>.<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> Luxury bus service between Patna and several neighbouring cities is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Bihar_State_Tourism_Development_Corporation" title="Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation">Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bihar_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Bihar State Road Transport Corporation">Bihar State Road Transport Corporation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> Auto rickshaws are a popular mode of transportation.<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> Prepaid auto services operated by an all-women crew was started in 2013 in Patna, which is the first of its kind in India.<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a> Radio Taxi services are also available within city limit as well as outskirts. There are private options such as Ola Cabs.<a href="#cite_note-All_we_hear_is_Radio_Taxi-185">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ola!_City_taps_app_&_go_habit-184">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metro">Metro</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Metro">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Patna_Metro" title="Patna Metro">Patna Metro</a> is an under-construction <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> system for the city. It would be owned and operated by state run Patna Metro Rail Corporation.<a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> It will be constructed on Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode, estimated to cost ₹140 billion (US$2 billion).<a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> It will have 5 lines with a total planned length of 60 kilometres (37 mi) km, which will be built in 3 phases.<a href="#cite_note-:0-210">[209]</a> <a href="/wiki/Patna_Monorail" title="Patna Monorail">Patna Monorail</a> Project covering the municipal area is also underway. Recently the central government approved Patna metro rail project comprising two corridors (Danapur - Khemnichak and <a href="/wiki/Patna_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Patna Junction">Patna Junction</a> - <a href="/wiki/Pataliputra_Bus_Terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pataliputra Bus Terminal">Pataliputra Bus Terminal</a>). According to government, the project will be completed until 2025 with an estimated cost of Rs. 133657.7 million.<a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patna_river_port1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Patna_river_port1.JPG/220px-Patna_river_port1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Patna_river_port1.JPG/330px-Patna_river_port1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Patna_river_port1.JPG/440px-Patna_river_port1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption>River Port on <a href="/wiki/National_Waterway_1" title="National Waterway 1">National Waterway 1</a> at Gai Ghat, Patna </figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> – navigable throughout the year – was the principal river highway across the vast <a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic Plain</a>. Vessels capable of accommodating five hundred merchants were known to ply this river in the ancient period; it served as a major trade route, as goods were transported from <a href="/wiki/Pataliputra" title="Pataliputra">Pataliputra</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a> and further, to ports in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and Southeast Asia. The role of the Ganges as a channel for trade was enhanced by its natural links – it embraces all the major rivers and streams in both north and south Bihar.<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> In recent times, <a href="/wiki/Inland_Waterways_Authority_of_India" title="Inland Waterways Authority of India">Inland Waterways Authority of India</a> has declared the stretch of river <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> between <a href="/wiki/Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad">Allahabad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haldia" title="Haldia">Haldia</a> National Inland Waterway and has taken steps to restore and maintain its navigability. The <a href="/wiki/National_Waterway_1_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Waterway 1 (India)">National Waterway-1</a>, the longest Waterway in India, stretches 1620 km in the River Ganga from Allahabad to Haldia via <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munger" title="Munger">Munger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhagalpur" title="Bhagalpur">Bhagalpur</a> passes through Patna.<a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a> This National Waterways has fixed terminal at Patna.<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magahi_folk_singers.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bd/Magahi_folk_singers.JPG/220px-Magahi_folk_singers.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bd/Magahi_folk_singers.JPG/330px-Magahi_folk_singers.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bd/Magahi_folk_singers.JPG/440px-Magahi_folk_singers.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Magahi folk singers</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gandhi_Maidan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gandhi_Maidan.jpg/220px-Gandhi_Maidan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gandhi_Maidan.jpg/330px-Gandhi_Maidan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gandhi_Maidan.jpg/440px-Gandhi_Maidan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="867" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Maidan" title="Gandhi Maidan">Gandhi Maidan</a> (shown above) lies in the heart of Patna and is the site for most political and social functions in the city.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahavir_Mandir_from_Buddha_Smriti_Park.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mahavir_Mandir_from_Buddha_Smriti_Park.JPG/220px-Mahavir_Mandir_from_Buddha_Smriti_Park.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mahavir_Mandir_from_Buddha_Smriti_Park.JPG/330px-Mahavir_Mandir_from_Buddha_Smriti_Park.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mahavir_Mandir_from_Buddha_Smriti_Park.JPG/440px-Mahavir_Mandir_from_Buddha_Smriti_Park.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4085" data-file-height="2702" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mahavir_Mandir" title="Mahavir Mandir">Mahavir Mandir</a> is a famous temple in Patna.</figcaption></figure> Patna's native language is Magahi or <a href="/wiki/Magadhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadhi">Magadhi</a> a language derived from the ancient <a href="/wiki/Magadhi_Prakrit" title="Magadhi Prakrit">Magadhi Prakrit</a>,<a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a> which was created in the ancient kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Magadha_(Mahajanapada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadha (Mahajanapada)">Magadha</a>, the core of which was the area of Patna south of the <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a>. It is believed to be the language spoken by <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a>. Patna has a vibrant Bengali culture too with many Bengali stalwarts including the first Chief Minister of post-independence West Bengal, Bidhan Chandra Ray, being born here. The numerous Bengali speaking Patnaites have contributed massively into fine arts, culture, education and history of Bihar in general and Patna in particular.<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> However, Magahi was the official language of the <a href="/wiki/Mauryan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauryan">Mauryan</a> court, in which the edicts of <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> were composed.<a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> The name Magahi is directly derived from the name Magadhi Prakrit, and educated speakers of Magahi prefer to call it "Magadhi" rather than "Magahi".<a href="#cite_note-Dhanesh-218">[217]</a> Patna has many buildings adorned with Indo-Islamic<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> and Indo-Saracenic architectural motifs. Several well-maintained major buildings from the colonial period have been declared "heritage structures";<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> others are in various stages of decay.<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> Established in 1917 as the Bihar's first museum, the <a href="/wiki/Patna_Museum" title="Patna Museum">Patna Museum</a> (पटना संग्रहालय) houses large collections that showcase Indian natural history and Indian art.<a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Khuda_Bakhsh_Oriental_Library" title="Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library">Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sinha_Library" title="Sinha Library">Sinha Library</a> are historic public libraries of Patna.<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> Several theatres are in or near the central part of the city, including the <a href="/wiki/Bhartiya_Nritya_Kala_Mandir" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhartiya Nritya Kala Mandir">Bhartiya Nritya Kala Mandir</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rabindra_Parishad" title="Rabindra Parishad">Rabindra Parishad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Premchand_Rangshala" class="mw-redirect" title="Premchand Rangshala">Premchand Rangshala</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kalidas_Rangalaya" title="Kalidas Rangalaya">Kalidas Rangalaya</a>, which is home to the Bihar art theatre. Kalidas Rangalaya also hosts the <a href="/wiki/Patliputra_Natya_Mahotsav" title="Patliputra Natya Mahotsav">Patliputra Natya Mahotsav</a>, a dance festival.<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> But in the last two decades, the popularity of commercial theatres in the city has declined.<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Patna_School_of_Painting" title="Patna School of Painting">Patna School of Painting</a> or Patna Qalaam, some times also called <a href="/wiki/Company_style" title="Company style">Company style</a>, is an offshoot of the well-known Mughal Miniature school of painting, which flourished in Bihar during the early 18th to the mid-20th centuries.<a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a> The practitioners of this art form were descendants of Hindu artisans of Mughal painting who facing persecution under the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb and who found refuge, via Murshidabad, in Patna during the late 18th century. The Patna painters differed from the Mughal painters, whose subjects included only royalty and court scenes, in that they included as subjects bazaar scenes, scenes of Indian daily life, local dignitaries, festivals and ceremonies, and nature scenes.<a href="#cite_note-abc-229">[228]</a> The paintings were executed in watercolours on paper and on mica, but the style was generally of a hybrid and undistinguished quality. It is this school of painting that inspired the formation of the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Arts_and_Crafts,_Patna" title="College of Arts and Crafts, Patna">College of Arts and Crafts, Patna</a>, under the leadership of Shri Radha Mohan, which is an important centre of fine arts in Bihar.<a href="#cite_note-abc-229">[228]</a> Bihar Government is promoting its art and culture through <a href="/wiki/Madhubani_art" title="Madhubani art">Madhubani arts</a> to educate people about Bihar's rich cultural diversity.<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a> Some well known dishes of Bihari cuisine include sattu paratha (<a href="/wiki/Paratha" title="Paratha">parathas</a> stuffed with roasted gram flour), "sattu ka sharbat" (a spiced drink with roasted gram flour as main ingredient), chokha (spicy mashed potatoes), fish curry, Bihari <a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">kebab</a>, postaa-dana kaa halwaa, malpua, dal pitha (Similar to <a href="/wiki/Momo_(dumpling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Momo (dumpling)">momos</a>), kheer makhana (<a href="/wiki/Euryale_ferox" title="Euryale ferox">fox nut</a>) and thekua/khajuria (a type of snack).<a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> Street foods such as <a href="/wiki/Samosa" title="Samosa">samosa</a>,<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chaat" title="Chaat">chaat</a>, jalebi, litti chokha, phuchka (a deep-fried crêpe with tamarind sauce), South Indian and Chinese cuisine are favourite among Patnaites.<a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a> Taj Hotel Patna is under construction at Budh Marg Lodipur.<a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a> Bihari Women have traditionally worn cotton <a href="/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">sari</a> but <a href="/wiki/Shalwar_kameez" title="Shalwar kameez">shalwar kameez</a> and other western attire are gaining acceptance among younger women.<a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a> Western attire has gained wide acceptance among the urban men, although the traditional <a href="/wiki/Dhoti" title="Dhoti">dhoti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurta" title="Kurta">kurta</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a> are seen during festivals. <a href="/wiki/Chhath" title="Chhath">Chhath</a>, also called Dala Chhath, is a major ancient festival in Bihar.<a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a> It is celebrated twice a year: once in the summer, called the Chaiti Chhath, and once about a week after <a href="/wiki/Deepawali" class="mw-redirect" title="Deepawali">Deepawali</a>, called the Kartik Chhath. Durga Puja, held in September–October, is Patna's another important festival; it is an occasion for glamorous celebrations.<a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a> Among the city's other festivals, are <a href="/wiki/Saraswati_Puja" class="mw-redirect" title="Saraswati Puja">Saraswati Puja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>, Vishwakarma Puja, <a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rath_Yatra" class="mw-redirect" title="Rath Yatra">Rath Yatra</a>. Cultural events include the <a href="/wiki/Patna_Book_Fair" title="Patna Book Fair">Patna Book Fair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patna_Sahib_Mahotsav" title="Patna Sahib Mahotsav">Patna Sahib Mahotsav</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patna_Film_Festival" title="Patna Film Festival">Patna Film Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar_Diwas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bihar Diwas">Bihar Diwas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajgir_Mahotsav" title="Rajgir Mahotsav">Rajgir Mahotsav</a>, Vaishali Mahotsav and the <a href="/wiki/Sonepur_Cattle_Fair" title="Sonepur Cattle Fair">Sonepur Cattle Fair</a> in neighbouring towns. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Durga_Puja_2014_Patna_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A murti, or representation, of the goddess Durga shown during the Durga Puja festival"><img alt="A murti, or representation, of the goddess Durga shown during the Durga Puja festival" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Durga_Puja_2014_Patna_05.JPG/213px-Durga_Puja_2014_Patna_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="213" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Durga_Puja_2014_Patna_05.JPG/320px-Durga_Puja_2014_Patna_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Durga_Puja_2014_Patna_05.JPG/427px-Durga_Puja_2014_Patna_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">murti</a>, or representation, of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a> shown during the <a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a> festival</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:People_Celebrating_Chhath_Festival.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="People Celebrating Chhath Festival the 2nd Day at Morning a tribute to the rising holy God Sun"><img alt="People Celebrating Chhath Festival the 2nd Day at Morning a tribute to the rising holy God Sun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/People_Celebrating_Chhath_Festival.jpg/213px-People_Celebrating_Chhath_Festival.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/People_Celebrating_Chhath_Festival.jpg/320px-People_Celebrating_Chhath_Festival.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/People_Celebrating_Chhath_Festival.jpg/427px-People_Celebrating_Chhath_Festival.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">People Celebrating Chhath Festival the 2nd Day at Morning a tribute to the rising holy God Sun</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Tourism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Patna" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Patna">Tourism in Patna</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Golghar_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Golghar_01.jpg/220px-Golghar_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Golghar_01.jpg/330px-Golghar_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Golghar_01.jpg/440px-Golghar_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Golghar" title="Golghar">Golghar</a> was originally built to serve as a granary for the British East India Company army during the famine of 1786. It now features an observation deck overlooking the <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> and the city.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sabhyatadwarpatna.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Sabhyatadwarpatna.png/220px-Sabhyatadwarpatna.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Sabhyatadwarpatna.png/330px-Sabhyatadwarpatna.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Sabhyatadwarpatna.png/440px-Sabhyatadwarpatna.png 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sabhyata_Dwar" title="Sabhyata Dwar">Sabhyata Dwar</a> in Patna</figcaption></figure> Patna is home to many <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Patna" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Patna">tourist attractions</a> and it saw about 2.4 million tourists (including day visitors) in 2005. Tourists visiting the city accounted for 41% of the total number of tourists visiting <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> although <a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a> was the most popular destination for foreign visitors.<a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a> The cultural heritage of Bihar is reflected in its many ancient monuments. <a href="/wiki/Kumhrar" title="Kumhrar">Kumhrar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agam_Kuan" title="Agam Kuan">Agam Kuan</a> are the sites of the ruins of the <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashokan</a> Pataliputra. <a href="/wiki/Didarganj_Yakshi" title="Didarganj Yakshi">Didarganj Yakshi</a> remains as an example of Mauryan art.<a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a> <a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Patna_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Patna Sahib">Takht Sri Patna Sahib</a> is <a href="/wiki/Takht_(Sikhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Takht (Sikhism)">one of the Five Takhts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> and consecrates the birthplace of the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, Gobind Singh.<a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a> There are five other <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Patna#Sikh_pilgrimages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Patna">Gurdwaras in Patna</a> that are related to different <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Guru" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh Guru">Sikh Gurus</a>; these are <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Pahila_Bara" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurdwara Pahila Bara">Gurdwara Pahila Bara</a>,<a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Gobind_Ghat" title="Gurdwara Gobind Ghat">Gurdwara Gobind Ghat</a>,<a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Guru_ka_Bagh" title="Gurdwara Guru ka Bagh">Gurdwara Guru ka Bagh</a>,<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Bal_Leela" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurdwara Bal Leela">Gurdwara Bal Leela</a>,<a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Handi_Sahib" title="Gurdwara Handi Sahib">Gurdwara Handi Sahib</a>,<a href="#cite_note-247">[246]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prakash_Punj" title="Prakash Punj">Prakash Punj</a>.<a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a> <a href="/wiki/Padri_Ki_Haveli" title="Padri Ki Haveli">Padri Ki Haveli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patna_High_Court" title="Patna High Court">High Court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golghar" title="Golghar">Golghar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Palace_(Patna)" title="Sultan Palace (Patna)">Sultan Palace</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Patna_Secretariat" title="Patna Secretariat">Secretariat Building</a> are examples of <a href="/wiki/British_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="British architecture">British architecture</a>. Gandhi Maidan is a historic ground in Patna where several freedom movement rallies took place. Newly built <a href="/wiki/Buddha_Smriti_Park" title="Buddha Smriti Park">Buddha Smriti Park</a> near <a href="/wiki/Patna_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Patna Junction">Patna Junction</a> is also becoming a major <a href="/wiki/Tourist_attraction" title="Tourist attraction">tourist attraction</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Patna_Planetarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Patna Planetarium">Patna Planetarium</a> (Indira Gandhi Planetarium) is in Patna's Indira Gandhi Science Complex. It claims to be one of the largest planetariums in Asia and to attract a large number of tourists.<a href="#cite_note-patna.bih.nic.in-249">[248]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Gandhi_Jaivik_Udyan" title="Sanjay Gandhi Jaivik Udyan">Sanjay Gandhi Jaivik Udyan</a> (Patna Zoo) is at Bailey Road, Raj Bhawan, Rajbanshi Nagar, and includes over 300 mammals, 300 birds, and 450 species of reptiles as of January 2019.<a href="#cite_note-250">[249]</a> In 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> government has built a state-of-the-art <a href="/wiki/Bihar_Museum" title="Bihar Museum">art landmark museum</a> in Patna at a cost of approximately ₹530 crores<a href="#cite_note-251">[250]</a> on a site of 13.9 acres at <a href="/wiki/Bailey_Road,_Patna" title="Bailey Road, Patna">Bailey Road</a>.<a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a> 5 firms were shortlisted for the architectural design,<a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a> of which the Japanese firm Maki and Associates was chosen. It is now completed and opened for all.<a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a> Completed in May 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Sabhyata_Dwar" title="Sabhyata Dwar">Sabhyata Dwar</a> was built with <a href="/wiki/Mauryan_art#Architecture" title="Mauryan art">Mauryan-style architecture</a>. It was opened to the general public in December 2018.<a href="#cite_note-255">[254]</a> In 2014, the Bihar government laid the foundation of <a href="/wiki/Samrat_Ashok_International_Convention_Centre" title="Samrat Ashok International Convention Centre">Samrat Ashok International Convention Centre</a>. It is expected to use more steel than used in raising <a href="/wiki/Eiffel_Tower" title="Eiffel Tower">Eiffel Tower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_International_Airport" title="Indira Gandhi International Airport">Indira Gandhi International Airport</a>. Construction of <a href="/wiki/Dr._A.P.J_Abdul_Kalam_Science_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Science City">Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Science City</a> began in February 2019.<a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Eco_Park,_Patna" title="Eco Park, Patna">Eco Park</a> is in Jawaharlal Nehru Marg. It has more than 3,000 varieties of plants and includes several theme parks, a restaurant, and a boat trip zone. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Patna" title="List of schools in Patna">List of schools in Patna</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_educational_institutions_in_Patna" title="List of educational institutions in Patna">List of educational institutions in Patna</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education in India</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Front_view_of_administrative_building_of_IIT_Patna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Front_view_of_administrative_building_of_IIT_Patna.jpg/220px-Front_view_of_administrative_building_of_IIT_Patna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Front_view_of_administrative_building_of_IIT_Patna.jpg/330px-Front_view_of_administrative_building_of_IIT_Patna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Front_view_of_administrative_building_of_IIT_Patna.jpg/440px-Front_view_of_administrative_building_of_IIT_Patna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology_Patna" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology Patna">Indian Institute of Technology Patna</a> at Bihta, one of the premier institutes of engineering and research in India.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patna_College,_Admin_Building,_June_29_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Patna_College%2C_Admin_Building%2C_June_29_2012.jpg/220px-Patna_College%2C_Admin_Building%2C_June_29_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Patna_College%2C_Admin_Building%2C_June_29_2012.jpg/330px-Patna_College%2C_Admin_Building%2C_June_29_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Patna_College%2C_Admin_Building%2C_June_29_2012.jpg/440px-Patna_College%2C_Admin_Building%2C_June_29_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Patna_College" title="Patna College">Patna College</a>, established 1863, is considered to be the oldest institution of higher education in Bihar.</figcaption></figure> Schools in Patna are either government-run schools or private schools. The schools are affiliated to <a href="/wiki/Bihar_School_Examination_Board" title="Bihar School Examination Board">Bihar School Examination Board</a> (BSEB), <a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Indian_School_Certificate_Examinations" title="Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations">Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations</a> (CISCE), <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Open_Schooling" title="National Institute of Open Schooling">National Institute of Open Schooling</a> (NIOS), or the <a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Secondary_Education" title="Central Board of Secondary Education">Central Board of Secondary Education</a> (CBSE) boards. A number of Bengali medium schools also thrive in Patna.<a href="#cite_note-boards-257">[256]</a> Hindi and English are the primary languages of instruction.<a href="#cite_note-258">[257]</a> A 2012 survey found 1,574 schools: of these, 78% were private unaided schools (most of them at an affordable cost), 21% were government schools and 1% were private aided.<a href="#cite_note-Rangaraju_Patna-259">[258]</a> Under the <a href="/wiki/10%2B2%2B3_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="10+2+3 plan">10+2+3/4 plan</a>, students complete ten years of schooling and then enroll in schools that have a higher secondary facility and are affiliated to the Bihar State Intermediate Board, the All-India <a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Indian_School_Certificate_Examinations" title="Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations">Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations</a> (CISCE), the NIOS<a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a> or the CBSE, where they select one of three streams: arts, commerce, or science.<a href="#cite_note-boards-257">[256]</a> This is followed by either a general degree course in a chosen field of study or a professional degree course, such as law, engineering, and medicine.<a href="#cite_note-261">[260]</a> Patna has important government educational institutions like <a href="/wiki/Patna_University" title="Patna University">Patna University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anugrah_Narayan_College,_Patna" title="Anugrah Narayan College, Patna">Anugrah Narayan College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chanakya_National_Law_University" title="Chanakya National Law University">Chanakya National Law University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aryabhatta_Knowledge_University" title="Aryabhatta Knowledge University">Aryabhatta Knowledge University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology_Patna" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology Patna">Indian Institute of Technology Patna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bakhtiyarpur_College_of_Engineering" title="Bakhtiyarpur College of Engineering">Bakhtiyarpur College of Engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Technology,_Patna" title="National Institute of Technology, Patna">National Institute of Technology, Patna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patna_Science_College" title="Patna Science College">Patna Science College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patna_Women%27s_College" title="Patna Women's College">Patna Women's College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patna_Law_College" title="Patna Law College">Patna Law College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar_Veterinary_College" title="Bihar Veterinary College">Bihar Veterinary College</a>, <a href="/wiki/J.D._Women%27s_College" title="J.D. Women's College">J.D. Women's College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birla_Institute_of_Technology,_Patna" title="Birla Institute of Technology, Patna">Birla Institute of Technology, Patna</a>,<a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a> <a href="/wiki/Patna_Medical_College_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Patna Medical College Hospital">Patna Medical College Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Memorial_Research_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences">Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nalanda_Medical_College_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Nalanda Medical College Hospital">Nalanda Medical College Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences">Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahavir_Cancer_Sansthan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahavir Cancer Sansthan (page does not exist)">Mahavir Cancer Sansthan</a>, <a href="/wiki/All_India_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences_Patna" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna">All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Fashion_Technology_Patna" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Fashion Technology Patna">National Institute of Fashion Technology Patna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandragupt_Institute_of_Management" title="Chandragupt Institute of Management">Chandragupta Institute of Management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Development_Management_Institute" title="Development Management Institute">Development Management Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Electronics_%26_Information_Technology" title="National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology">National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patliputra_University" title="Patliputra University">Patliputra University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a> <a href="/wiki/Patna_University" title="Patna University">Patna University</a> was established in 1917 and is the seventh oldest modern university in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Sub-continent" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Sub-continent">Indian Sub-continent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-264">[263]</a> Patna also has a variety of other universities, as well as many primary and secondary schools. <a href="/wiki/Nalanda_University" title="Nalanda University">Nalanda University</a> (also known as Nalanda International University) is an established university in Rajgir, around 100 kilometres (62 mi) from Patna. The University, created as a revival of an ancient centre of learning at <a href="/wiki/Nalanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nalanda">Nalanda</a>, began its first academic session on 1 September 2014.<a href="#cite_note-265">[264]</a> It attracts students from across the globe.<a href="#cite_note-266">[265]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moin-Ul-Haque_Stadium.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Moin-Ul-Haque_Stadium.JPG/220px-Moin-Ul-Haque_Stadium.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Moin-Ul-Haque_Stadium.JPG/330px-Moin-Ul-Haque_Stadium.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Moin-Ul-Haque_Stadium.JPG/440px-Moin-Ul-Haque_Stadium.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1962" data-file-height="1302" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moin-Ul-Haque_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Moin-Ul-Haque Stadium">Moin-Ul-Haque Stadium</a> near <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Nagar,_Patna" title="Rajendra Nagar, Patna">Rajendra Nagar</a>, used for cricket and <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a>.</figcaption></figure> As in the <a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_India" title="Cricket in India">rest of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> is popular in Patna and is played on grounds and in streets throughout the city.<a href="#cite_note-267">[266]</a> There are several sports grounds across the city. The <a href="/wiki/Bihar_Cricket_Association" title="Bihar Cricket Association">Bihar Cricket Association</a>, which regulates cricket in Bihar,<a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a> is based in the city. Tournaments, especially those involving cricket, basketball, football, badminton, and table tennis, are regularly organised on an inter-locality or inter-club basis. <a href="/wiki/Moin-ul-Haq_Stadium" title="Moin-ul-Haq Stadium">Moin-ul-Haq Stadium</a>, which has a capacity of 25,000, has served as the venue for two one-day international cricket matches and several national sports events.<a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a> It was home to the <a href="/wiki/Bihar_cricket_team" title="Bihar cricket team">Bihar cricket team</a>. Due to negligence and lack of maintenance, the stadium is in a dilapidated state and no international match has been played here since 1996.<a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a> In 2013, it was announced by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of Bihar">Chief Minister of Bihar</a> <a href="/wiki/Nitish_Kumar" title="Nitish Kumar">Nitish Kumar</a> that an <a href="/wiki/Nalanda_International_Cricket_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Nalanda International Cricket Stadium">international cricket stadium</a> will be constructed at <a href="/wiki/Rajgir" title="Rajgir">Rajgir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Patna_Golf_Club" title="Patna Golf Club">Patna Golf Club</a> was established on 21 March 1916, and is one of the oldest golf courses in India. It has 18 holes in a historic setting in and around <a href="/wiki/Bailey_Road,_Patna" title="Bailey Road, Patna">Bailey Road</a>, a 165-acre (67 ha) course.<a href="#cite_note-272">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[272]</a> Patna hosted the <a href="/wiki/2012_Women%27s_Kabaddi_World_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Women's Kabaddi World Cup">first ever woman's Kabaddi world cup</a>.<a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a> It was held at the <a href="/wiki/Patliputra_Sports_Complex" title="Patliputra Sports Complex">Patliputra Sports Complex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kankarbagh" title="Kankarbagh">Kankarbagh</a> from 1 to 4 March 2012.<a href="#cite_note-275">[274]</a> Hosts <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> won the World Cup defeating <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> in the finals.<a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a> Patna also hosts the seven league matches of <a href="/wiki/Pro_Kabaddi_League" title="Pro Kabaddi League">Pro Kabaddi League</a> with its home team as <a href="/wiki/Patna_Pirates" title="Patna Pirates">Patna Pirates</a> at the Patliputra Sports Complex.<a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a> Other famous sports complexes of Patna are <a href="/wiki/Bihar_Police" title="Bihar Police">Bihar Military Police</a>'s Mithilesh Stadium,<a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a> <a href="/wiki/East_Central_Railway_zone" title="East Central Railway zone">East Central Railway zone</a>'s indoor stadium at Digha<a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a> etc. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cricket_(2305682483).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A game of cricket in progress"><img alt="A game of cricket in progress" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cricket_%282305682483%29.jpg/213px-Cricket_%282305682483%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cricket_%282305682483%29.jpg/320px-Cricket_%282305682483%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cricket_%282305682483%29.jpg/427px-Cricket_%282305682483%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A game of cricket in progress</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kankarbagh_Indoor_Stadium.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Kankarbagh Indoor Stadium at Patliputra Sports Complex during Pro Kabaddi League match"><img alt="Kankarbagh Indoor Stadium at Patliputra Sports Complex during Pro Kabaddi League match" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Kankarbagh_Indoor_Stadium.png/220px-Kankarbagh_Indoor_Stadium.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Kankarbagh_Indoor_Stadium.png/330px-Kankarbagh_Indoor_Stadium.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Kankarbagh_Indoor_Stadium.png/440px-Kankarbagh_Indoor_Stadium.png 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="303" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kankarbagh Indoor Stadium at <a href="/wiki/Patliputra_Sports_Complex" title="Patliputra Sports Complex">Patliputra Sports Complex</a> during <a href="/wiki/Pro_Kabaddi_League" title="Pro Kabaddi League">Pro Kabaddi League</a> match</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> The beginning of the 20th century was marked by a number of notable new publications. A monthly magazine named Bharat Ratna was started in Patna in 1901. It was followed by Ksahtriya Hitaishi, Aryavarta from <a href="/wiki/Danapur" title="Danapur">Dinapure</a>, Patna, Udyoga and Chaitanya Chandrika.<a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a> Udyog was edited by Vijyaanand Tripathy, a famous poet of the time and Chaitanya Chandrika by Krishna Chaitanya Goswami, a literary figure of that time. The literary activity was not confined to Patna alone but to many districts of Bihar.<a href="#cite_note-journalism-281">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a> Magahi Parishad, established in Patna in 1952, pioneered <a href="/wiki/Magadhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadhi">Magadhi</a> journalism in Bihar. It started the monthly journal, Magadhi, which was later renamed Bihan.<a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a> Many national media agencies, including the <a href="/wiki/Press_Trust_of_India" title="Press Trust of India">Press Trust of India</a> and Doordarshan's regional offices, are based in the city.<a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Telegraph_(Calcutta)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Telegraph (Calcutta)">The Telegraph</a> are the five principal English-language daily newspapers which have Patna editions. <a href="/wiki/The_Pioneer_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pioneer (newspaper)">The Pioneer</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a>,<a href="#cite_note-go4patna1-285">[284]</a> though not printed in the city, are other English-language daily newspapers available in the city. The city's Hindi newspapers include <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Dainik" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindustan Dainik">Hindustan Dainik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dainik_Jagran" title="Dainik Jagran">Dainik Jagran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dainik_Bhaskar" title="Dainik Bhaskar">Dainik Bhaskar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a> <a href="/wiki/Prabhat_Khabar" title="Prabhat Khabar">Prabhat Khabar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aj_(newspaper)" title="Aj (newspaper)">Aaj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtriya Sahara">Rashtriya Sahara</a>,<a href="#cite_note-go4patna1-285">[284]</a> all of which have editions from Patna. There are also daily Urdu newspapers like Qaumi Tanzeem, Farooqi Tanzeem, and <a href="/wiki/Qaumi_Duniya_Daily" title="Qaumi Duniya Daily">Qaumi Duniya Daily</a> published in Patna.<a href="#cite_note-go4patna1-285">[284]</a> There is also the Hindi and English mixed newspaper tabloid <a href="/wiki/Inext" title="Inext">Inext</a>.<a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a> Patna has several AM and FM radio stations, including many state-owned channels. The city hosts several radio stations, including the state-owned <a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">All India Radio</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Vividh_Bharati" title="Vividh Bharati">Vividh Bharati</a>, and FM 105. The All India Radio, Patna (officially Akashvani Patna Kendra) was established in 1948.<a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a> Patna is served by several private channels. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_FM_stations">Private FM stations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Private FM stations">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; width:30%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:Pink; color:Blue; text-align:center;">No. </th> <th style="background:Pink; color:Blue; text-align:center;">Name </th> <th style="background:Pink; color:Blue; text-align:center;">Frequency </th> <th style="background:Pink; color:Blue; text-align:center;">Language </th></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radio_Mirchi" title="Radio Mirchi">Radio Mirchi</a></td> <td>98.3 FM</td> <td>Hindi </td></tr> <tr> <td>02</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radio_City_(Indian_radio_station)" title="Radio City (Indian radio station)">Radio City</a></td> <td>91.1 FM</td> <td>Hindi </td></tr> <tr> <td>03</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Big_FM_(Indian_radio_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big FM (Indian radio station)">Big FM</a></td> <td>95.0 FM</td> <td>Hindi & Bhojpuri </td></tr> <tr> <td>04</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Red_FM_93.5" class="mw-redirect" title="Red FM 93.5">Red FM</a></td> <td>93.5 FM</td> <td>Hindi </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Patna" title="List of people from Patna">List of people from Patna</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patan,_Gujarat" title="Patan, Gujarat">Patan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Bihar_by_population" title="List of cities in Bihar by population">List of cities in Bihar by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Patna Lok Sabha constituency">Patna Lok Sabha constituency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Largest_Indian_Cities_by_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest Indian Cities by GDP">Largest Indian Cities by GDP</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> See <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire#cite_note-map_network_model-1" title="Maurya Empire">note on Mauryan Empire</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Cities1Lakhandabove-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cities1Lakhandabove_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cities1Lakhandabove_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cities1Lakhandabove_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf">"Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above"</a> (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Provisional+Population+Totals%2C+Census+of+India+2011%3B+Cities+having+population+1+lakh+and+above&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Registrar+General+%26+Census+Commissioner%2C+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011-prov-results%2Fpaper2%2Fdata_files%2FIndia2%2FTable_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hindustantimes.com-2"><a href="#cite_ref-hindustantimes.com_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nda-backed-sita-sahu-is-first-woman-mayor-of-patna/story-tbqxVRuSnDzmEkAdcVccHL.html">"NDA-backed Sita Sahu is first woman mayor of Patna"</a>. 19 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170622045138/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nda-backed-sita-sahu-is-first-woman-mayor-of-patna/story-tbqxVRuSnDzmEkAdcVccHL.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NDA-backed+Sita+Sahu+is+first+woman+mayor+of+Patna&rft.date=2017-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Fnda-backed-sita-sahu-is-first-woman-mayor-of-patna%2Fstory-tbqxVRuSnDzmEkAdcVccHL.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patnadivision.bih.nic.in/Downloadss/District%20Magistrates.pdf">"District magistrates of Patna Division"</a> (PDF). Divisional commissioner of Patna division. Retrieved 3 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Divisional+commissioner+of+Patna+division&rft.atitle=District+magistrates+of+Patna+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpatnadivision.bih.nic.in%2FDownloadss%2FDistrict%2520Magistrates.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Plan2015-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Plan2015_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Plan2015_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/master-plan-for-patna-to-be-unveiled-soon/articleshow/48450409.cms">"Master plan for Patna to be unveiled soon"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1141228/jsp/calcutta/story_19263953.jsp#.VeQUOCWqqkp">the original</a> on 24 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+in+mint+condition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1141228%2Fjsp%2Fcalcutta%2Fstory_19263953.jsp%23.VeQUOCWqqkp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livemint.com/Politics/LCNhWGd3SjS5P1eAV5nogP/Foreign-diplomats-line-up-for-Bihar-elections.html">"Foreign diplomats line up for Bihar elections"</a>. 27 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160221081744/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/LCNhWGd3SjS5P1eAV5nogP/Foreign-diplomats-line-up-for-Bihar-elections.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foreign+diplomats+line+up+for+Bihar+elections&rft.date=2015-08-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2FPolitics%2FLCNhWGd3SjS5P1eAV5nogP%2FForeign-diplomats-line-up-for-Bihar-elections.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Attractions,_history_of_Patna-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Attractions,_history_of_Patna_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Attractions,_history_of_Patna_41-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112013206/http://www.gangescruises.com/patna.htm">"Attractions, history of Patna"</a>. Ganges Cruises. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gangescruises.com/patna.htm">the original</a> on 12 January 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Attractions%2C+history+of+Patna&rft.pub=Ganges+Cruises&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gangescruises.com%2Fpatna.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_W_Barclay_JR2010" class="citation book cs1">George W Barclay JR (27 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9dMEQZqSJAgC&q=gautama+buddha+passed+patna&pg=PA211">The Son of Man: Saoshyant — George Barclay, Jr. – Google Books</a>. iUniverse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781450266901" title="Special:BookSources/9781450266901"><bdi>9781450266901</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630163653/https://books.google.com/books?id=9dMEQZqSJAgC&q=gautama+buddha+passed+patna&pg=PA211">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Son+of+Man%3A+Saoshyant+%E2%80%94+George+Barclay%2C+Jr.+%E2%80%93+Google+Books&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2010-10-27&rft.isbn=9781450266901&rft.au=George+W+Barclay+JR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9dMEQZqSJAgC%26q%3Dgautama%2Bbuddha%2Bpassed%2Bpatna%26pg%3DPA211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlingloff2014" class="citation book cs1">Schlingloff, Dieter (1 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nVeWBQAAQBAJ&q=dieter+schlingloff">Fortified Cities of Ancient India: A Comparative Study</a>. Anthem Press. pp. 44–45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78308-349-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78308-349-7"><bdi>978-1-78308-349-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630163653/https://books.google.com/books?id=nVeWBQAAQBAJ&q=dieter+schlingloff">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fortified+Cities+of+Ancient+India%3A+A+Comparative+Study&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E44-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.pub=Anthem+Press&rft.date=2014-12-01&rft.isbn=978-1-78308-349-7&rft.aulast=Schlingloff&rft.aufirst=Dieter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnVeWBQAAQBAJ%26q%3Ddieter%2Bschlingloff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-edu-44"><a href="#cite_ref-edu_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMegasthenes" class="citation book cs1">Megasthenes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080621065424/http://www.mssu.edu/projectsouthasia/history/primarydocs/Foreign_Views/GreekRoman/Megasthenes-Indika.htm">"Of the city Pataliputra Indika, Book II, Frag. XXV, Strab. XV. i. 35–36,--p. 702. Frag XXVI.Arr. Ind. 10. Of Pataliputra"</a>. Indika. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mssu.edu/projectsouthasia/history/primarydocs/Foreign_Views/GreekRoman/Megasthenes-Indika.htm">the original</a> on 21 June 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2011. <q>...  the greatest city in India is that which is called Palimbothra, in the dominions of the Prasians, where the streams of the Erannoboas and the Ganga unite,—the Ganga being the greatest of all rivers. The Erannoboas are perhaps the third largest of Indian rivers, though greater than the greatest rivers elsewhere. Still, it is smaller than the Ganga, where it falls into it. Megasthenes informs us that this city stretched in the inhabited quarters to an extreme length on each side of eighty stadia, and that its breadth was fifteen stadia, and that a ditch encompassed it all round, which was six hundred feet in breadth and thirty cubits in depth, and that the wall was crowned with 570 towers and had four-and-sixty gates....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Of+the+city+Pataliputra+Indika%2C+Book+II%2C+Frag.+XXV%2C+Strab.+XV.+i.+35%E2%80%9336%2C--p.+702.+Frag+XXVI.Arr.+Ind.+10.+Of+Pataliputra&rft.btitle=Indika&rft.au=Megasthenes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mssu.edu%2Fprojectsouthasia%2Fhistory%2Fprimarydocs%2FForeign_Views%2FGreekRoman%2FMegasthenes-Indika.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_Sir_William1870" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Sir William, ed. 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Retrieved 25 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Biography+and+Mythology&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=704&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1870&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancientlibrary.com%2Fsmith-bio%2F3038.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/india/gal_india_south.shtml">"History – Ancient History in depth: The Story of India: South India"</a>. BBC. 5 November 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100113135122/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/india/gal_india_south.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2010. 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King Ashoka's spirit-built palace and halls. The Buddhist Brahman, Radha-Sami. Dispensaries and hospitals...... n.1 Pataliputra, The Sanskrit name, means "The city of flowers." It is the Indian Florence. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeal1884" class="citation book cs1">Beal, Samuel (1884). Si-Yu-Ki: Buddhist Records of the Western World. 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BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004103031" title="Special:BookSources/9004103031"><bdi>9004103031</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630163742/https://books.google.com/books?id=wUeqQ2buQ80C&q=By+1620%2C+the+city+of+Patna+was&pg=PA15">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merchants%2C+Politics%2C+and+Society+in+Early+Modern+India%3A+Bihar%2C+1733%E2%80%931820+%E2%80%93+Kumkum+Chatterjee+%E2%80%94+Google+Books&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9004103031&rft.aulast=Chatterjee&rft.aufirst=Kumkum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwUeqQ2buQ80C%26q%3DBy%2B1620%2C%2Bthe%2Bcity%2Bof%2BPatna%2Bwas%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Malley2005" class="citation book cs1">O'Malley, L. S. S. (2005). James, J. F. W. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=18ULAwAACAAJ">History of Magadha</a>. Delhi: Veena Publication. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-89224-01-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-89224-01-1"><bdi>978-81-89224-01-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528125700/http://books.google.com/books?id=18ULAwAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Magadha&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Veena+Publication&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-89224-01-1&rft.aulast=O%27Malley&rft.aufirst=L.+S.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D18ULAwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatterjee1996" class="citation book cs1">Chatterjee, Kumkum (1996). Merchants, Politics and Society in Early Modern India: Bihar: 1730 – 1820. BRILL. pp. 273 (at page 36). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10303-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10303-0"><bdi>978-90-04-10303-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merchants%2C+Politics+and+Society+in+Early+Modern+India%3A+Bihar%3A+1730+%E2%80%93+1820&rft.pages=273+%28at+page+36%29&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-90-04-10303-0&rft.aulast=Chatterjee&rft.aufirst=Kumkum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Dalrymple, W. (2019), The Anarchy p. 87, London: Bloomsbury </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Gurdwara-gears-up-for-Gurus-jayanti/articleshow/695284660.cms">"Gurdwara gears up for Guru's Jayanti"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 30 December 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710120512/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-12-30/patna/27246437_1_patna-saheb-guru-gobind-tenth-guru">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Gurdwara+gears+up+for+Guru%27s+Jayanti&rft.date=2001-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FGurdwara-gears-up-for-Gurus-jayanti%2Farticleshow%2F695284660.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuptaNavarro-Tejero2014" class="citation book cs1">Gupta, Taniya; Navarro-Tejero, Antonia (8 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EmYxBwAAQBAJ&q=Ghiyasuddin%20Mahmud%20Shah%20Portugueses&pg=PA22">India in Canada: Canada in India editado por Taniya Gupta, Antonia Navarro-Tejero</a>. Cambridge Scholars. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781443855716" title="Special:BookSources/9781443855716"><bdi>9781443855716</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630163654/https://books.google.com/books?id=EmYxBwAAQBAJ&q=Ghiyasuddin+Mahmud+Shah+Portugueses&pg=PA22">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+in+Canada%3A+Canada+in+India+editado+por+Taniya+Gupta%2C+Antonia+Navarro-Tejero&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars&rft.date=2014-01-08&rft.isbn=9781443855716&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Taniya&rft.au=Navarro-Tejero%2C+Antonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEmYxBwAAQBAJ%26q%3DGhiyasuddin%2520Mahmud%2520Shah%2520Portugueses%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ghiyasuddin_Mahmud_Shah">"Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah"</a>. 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Concept Publishing Company. p. 117. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630163730/https://books.google.com/books?id=HHVIU-HsMswC&q=Patna+Portuguese&pg=PA117">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urban+Settlements+in+Eastern+India%3A+Entropy+Changes+and+Pattern+Analysis&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Thakur&rft.aufirst=Baleshwar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHHVIU-HsMswC%26q%3DPatna%2520Portuguese%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-History_of_Bihar-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Bihar_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Bihar_62-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gov.bih.nic.in/Profile/history.htm">"History of Bihar"</a>. Gov.bih.nic.in. 26 June 1975. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140331063547/http://gov.bih.nic.in/Profile/history.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Bihar&rft.pub=Gov.bih.nic.in&rft.date=1975-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgov.bih.nic.in%2FProfile%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.go4patna.com/index.php/tourism/in-nations-service">"In Nation's service"</a>. Go4patna.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131213130847/http://www.go4patna.com/index.php/tourism/in-nations-service">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Nation%27s+service&rft.pub=Go4patna.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.go4patna.com%2Findex.php%2Ftourism%2Fin-nations-service&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patnadaily.com/index.php/features/8182-braj-kishore-prasad-the-forgotten-hero-of-bihar.html">"Braj Kishore Prasad – the Forgotten Hero of Bihar"</a>. PatnaDaily.Com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131216062117/http://www.patnadaily.com/index.php/features/8182-braj-kishore-prasad-the-forgotten-hero-of-bihar.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Braj+Kishore+Prasad+%E2%80%93+the+Forgotten+Hero+of+Bihar&rft.pub=PatnaDaily.Com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patnadaily.com%2Findex.php%2Ffeatures%2F8182-braj-kishore-prasad-the-forgotten-hero-of-bihar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924073138/http://www.pib.nic.in/feature/feyr98/fe0798/PIBF2907986.html">"Feature"</a>. Pib.nic.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pib.nic.in/feature/feyr98/fe0798/PIBF2907986.html">the original</a> on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Feature&rft.pub=Pib.nic.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pib.nic.in%2Ffeature%2Ffeyr98%2Ffe0798%2FPIBF2907986.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma1989" class="citation book cs1">Sharma, Kaushal Kishore (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cf-cI_yfVfYC&q=patna+in+Champaran+movement&pg=PA190">Agrarian Movements and Congress Politics in Bihar – Kaushal Kishore Sharma – Google Books</a>. Anamika Prakashan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788185150109" title="Special:BookSources/9788185150109"><bdi>9788185150109</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630163745/https://books.google.com/books?id=cf-cI_yfVfYC&q=patna+in+Champaran+movement&pg=PA190">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agrarian+Movements+and+Congress+Politics+in+Bihar+%E2%80%93+Kaushal+Kishore+Sharma+%E2%80%93+Google+Books&rft.pub=Anamika+Prakashan&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9788185150109&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Kaushal+Kishore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dcf-cI_yfVfYC%26q%3Dpatna%2Bin%2BChamparan%2Bmovement%26pg%3DPA190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/28/patna-bombings-outlawed-islamic-group-blamed">"Patna bombings: outlawed Islamist group blamed for fatal blasts"</a>. The Guardian. 28 October 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150919012453/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/28/patna-bombings-outlawed-islamic-group-blamed">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Patna+bombings%3A+outlawed+Islamist+group+blamed+for+fatal+blasts&rft.date=2013-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Foct%2F28%2Fpatna-bombings-outlawed-islamic-group-blamed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/33-killed-as-bomb-blast-rumour-sparks-stampede-during-Dussehra-celebrations-in-Patna/articleshow/44256019.cms">"33 killed as bomb blast rumour sparks stampede during Dussehra celebrations in Patna"</a>. The Times of India. 4 October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006000404/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/33-killed-as-bomb-blast-rumour-sparks-stampede-during-Dussehra-celebrations-in-Patna/articleshow/44256019.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=33+killed+as+bomb+blast+rumour+sparks+stampede+during+Dussehra+celebrations+in+Patna&rft.date=2014-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2F33-killed-as-bomb-blast-rumour-sparks-stampede-during-Dussehra-celebrations-in-Patna%2Farticleshow%2F44256019.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census2011.co.in/census/metropolitan/145-patna.html">"Patna Urban Region"</a>. Census2011.co.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151210212142/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/metropolitan/145-patna.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patna+Urban+Region&rft.pub=Census2011.co.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census2011.co.in%2Fcensus%2Fmetropolitan%2F145-patna.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/82-patna.html">"Patna District : Census 2011 data"</a>. Census2011.co.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151210212034/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/82-patna.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patna+District+%3A+Census+2011+data&rft.pub=Census2011.co.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census2011.co.in%2Fcensus%2Fdistrict%2F82-patna.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRayShamrukh2010" class="citation book cs1">Ray, Chittaranjan; Shamrukh, Mohamed (14 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9wO6BQAAQBAJ&q=patna+south+ganga&pg=PA205">Riverbank Filtration for Water Security in Desert Countries</a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789400700260" title="Special:BookSources/9789400700260"><bdi>9789400700260</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180214014433/https://books.google.de/books?id=9wO6BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA205&lpg=PA205&dq=patna+south+ganga&source=bl&ots=2Z_Dx-iVxT&sig=D3X_39kgXecFbAh4_aA-jHRrdmU&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQiqDCtKLZAhUFPFAKHcLECXsQ6AEIYTAI#v=onepage&q=patna%2520south%2520ganga&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Riverbank+Filtration+for+Water+Security+in+Desert+Countries&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2010-12-14&rft.isbn=9789400700260&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=Chittaranjan&rft.au=Shamrukh%2C+Mohamed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9wO6BQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dpatna%2Bsouth%2Bganga%26pg%3DPA205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-area-72"><a href="#cite_ref-area_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072731/http://www.urban.bih.nic.in/Docs/CDP/CDP-Patna.pdf">"CDP Patna"</a> (PDF). Infrastructure Professionals Enterprise (P) Ltd, C – 2, Green Park Extension, New Delhi – 110016, INDIA. PATNA – Urban Development Department. July 2006. pp. 20, 21 (area) 52 (metropolis), 31 (geography). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urban.bih.nic.in/Docs/CDP/CDP-Patna.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 March 2016. 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Retrieved 4 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patna+Maps%2C+Bihar&rft.pub=Mapsofindia.com&rft.date=2011-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapsofindia.com%2Fmaps%2Fpatna%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://futureofpower.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Patna-Summary-Report.pdf">"Summary Report of Patna"</a> (PDF). future of power. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140605052641/http://futureofpower.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Patna-Summary-Report.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 5 June 2014. 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Retrieved 16 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+and+monthly+weather+forecast+Patna%2C+India&rft.pub=Weather+Atlas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather-atlas.com%2Fen%2Findia%2Fpatna-climate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150627065934/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150425/jsp/bihar/story_16503.jsp#.VX1aovmqqko">"Unhealthy air alarm"</a>. The Telegraph. 25 April 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150425/jsp/bihar/story_16503.jsp#.VX1aovmqqko">the original</a> on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unhealthy+air+alarm&rft.pub=The+Telegraph&rft.date=2015-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1150425%2Fjsp%2Fbihar%2Fstory_16503.jsp%23.VX1aovmqqko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150627080615/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1141124/jsp/bihar/story_19078515.jsp#.VX1bOPmqqko">"Drive to check car pollution papers"</a>. The Telegraph. 24 November 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1141124/jsp/bihar/story_19078515.jsp#.VX1bOPmqqko">the original</a> on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drive+to+check+car+pollution+papers&rft.pub=The+Telegraph&rft.date=2014-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1141124%2Fjsp%2Fbihar%2Fstory_19078515.jsp%23.VX1bOPmqqko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150720220311/http://cpcb.nic.in/upload/NewItems/NewItem_104_airquality17cities-package-.pdf">"Air Quality Trends and Action Plan for Control of Air Pollution from Seventeen Cities"</a> (PDF). CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FORESTS. September 2006. p. 152. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cpcb.nic.in/upload/NewItems/NewItem_104_airquality17cities-package-.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 20 July 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Air+Quality+Trends+and+Action+Plan+for+Control+of+Air+Pollution+from+Seventeen+Cities&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=CENTRAL+POLLUTION+CONTROL+BOARD+MINISTRY+OF+ENVIRONMENT+%26+FORESTS&rft.date=2006-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcpcb.nic.in%2Fupload%2FNewItems%2FNewItem_104_airquality17cities-package-.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Patna-2nd-most-polluted-city-after-Delhi/articleshow/46972132.cms">"Patna 2nd most polluted city after Delhi?"</a>. The Times of India. 18 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160502091427/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Patna-2nd-most-polluted-city-after-Delhi/articleshow/46972132.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Patna+2nd+most+polluted+city+after+Delhi%3F&rft.date=2015-04-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FPatna-2nd-most-polluted-city-after-Delhi%2Farticleshow%2F46972132.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150614202533/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140521/jsp/bihar/story_18363030.jsp#.VXwUX_mqqko">"Pollution report comes as a breath of fresh air"</a>. The Telegraph. 21 May 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140521/jsp/bihar/story_18363030.jsp#.VXwUX_mqqko">the original</a> on 14 June 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pollution+report+comes+as+a+breath+of+fresh+air&rft.pub=The+Telegraph&rft.date=2015-05-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1140521%2Fjsp%2Fbihar%2Fstory_18363030.jsp%23.VXwUX_mqqko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aqi.in/in/dashboard/india/bihar/patna">Real-time Air Quality Index for Patna is available at</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Citys-air-quality-dangerous/articleshow/5982720.cms">"City's air quality "dangerous""</a>. 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Craft.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Craft&rft.atitle=Technix+Technology+is+a+provider+of+software+solutions+for+energy+sector&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcraft.co%2Ftechnix-technology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumari2006" class="citation book cs1">Kumari, Preeti (1 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wzMDQz_yR28C&q=population+of+patna+in+1901&pg=PA37">Television and Development of Women</a>. Mittal Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788183241618" title="Special:BookSources/9788183241618"><bdi>9788183241618</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630163729/https://books.google.com/books?id=wzMDQz_yR28C&q=population+of+patna+in+1901&pg=PA37">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Television+and+Development+of+Women&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=2006-01-01&rft.isbn=9788183241618&rft.aulast=Kumari&rft.aufirst=Preeti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwzMDQz_yR28C%26q%3Dpopulation%2Bof%2Bpatna%2Bin%2B1901%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130217053707/http://www.populstat.info/Asia/indiat.htm">"India-historical demographical data of the urban centers"</a>. populstat. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.populstat.info/Asia/indiat.htm">the original</a> on 17 February 2013. 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Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, New Delhi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20151209032721/http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/Admin_Units/Admin_links/slum1_m_plus.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India+2001+%28Provisional%29+Slum+Population+in+Million+Plus+Cities+%28Municipal+Corporations%29%3A+Part+A&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Registrar+General+%26+Census+Commissioner%2C+India%2C+New+Delhi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2FTables_Published%2FAdmin_Units%2FAdmin_links%2Fslum1_m_plus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Patnaite-makes-it-to-records-book-twice-with-collection-of-editorials/articleshow/19012243.cms">"Patnaite makes it to records book twice with collection of editorials"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 17 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202221945/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-17/patna/37786197_1_limca-book-records-book-national-record">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Patnaite+makes+it+to+records+book+twice+with+collection+of+editorials&rft.date=2013-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FPatnaite-makes-it-to-records-book-twice-with-collection-of-editorials%2Farticleshow%2F19012243.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Patna/Dual-entry-for-Patnaite-in-Limca-book/Article1-1051712.aspx">Dual entry for Patnaite in Limca book</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130818091119/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/patna/Dual-entry-for-Patnaite-in-Limca-book/Article1-1051712.aspx">Archived</a> 18 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a> (Patna). 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Retrieved 9 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patna+City+Census+2011+data&rft.pub=census2011.co.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census2011.co.in%2Fcensus%2Fcity%2F174-patna.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census2011.co.in/census/metropolitan/145-patna.html">"Patna Urban Region"</a>. census2011.co.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151210212142/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/metropolitan/145-patna.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2015. 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Retrieved 30 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Government+announces+India%27s+10+dirtiest+cities%3A+Things+you+need+to+know&rft.date=2016-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Feducation-today%2Fgk-current-affairs%2Fstory%2Findias-10-dirtiest-cities-309018-2016-02-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citymayors.com/gratis/indian_cities.html">"City Mayors: Largest Indian cities"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161119101044/http://www.citymayors.com/gratis/indian_cities.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2016. 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Retrieved 9 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liveability+Index+2011%2C+The+Best+Cities+in+India&rft.pub=Institute+of+Competitiveness&rft.date=2011-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcompetitiveness.in%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F01%2FLiveability-Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianexpress.com/article/business/business-others/unemployment-rate-lucknow-tops-list-for-men-patna-for-women/">"Unemployment rate: Lucknow tops list for men, Patna for women"</a>. 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Retrieved 9 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unemployment+rate%3A+Lucknow+tops+list+for+men%2C+Patna+for+women&rft.pub=The+Indian+Express&rft.date=2015-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fbusiness%2Fbusiness-others%2Funemployment-rate-lucknow-tops-list-for-men-patna-for-women%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-religion-117">^ <a href="#cite_ref-religion_117-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-religion_117-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11366/download/14479/DDW10C-01%20MDDS.XLS">"Table C-01 Population by Religion: Bihar"</a>. censusindia.gov.in. <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India">Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India</a>. 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=censusindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=Table+C-01+Population+by+Religion%3A+Bihar&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fnada%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F11366%2Fdownload%2F14479%2FDDW10C-01%2520MDDS.XLS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-languages-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-languages_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-languages_118-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10236/download/13348/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-1000.XLSX">"Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Bihar (Town)"</a>. censusindia.gov.in. <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India">Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India</a>. 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=censusindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=Table+C-16+Population+by+Mother+Tongue%3A+Bihar+%28Town%29&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fnada%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F10236%2Fdownload%2F13348%2FDDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-1000.XLSX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216205416/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140213/jsp/bihar/story_17930537.jsp#.VOIGceaUdH4">"Growth goes west, south & green Master plan to add more areas"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=livehindustan.com&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%2C+%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%8F+%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livehindustan.com%2Fbihar%2Fstory-kumar-ravi-becomes-dm-of-patna-1724636.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988">DM </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-manavjit-singh-dhillon-became-the-new-ssp-of-patna-new-police-captain-in-14-districts-of-bihar-22339826.html">"मानवजीत सिंह ढिल्लो बने पटना के नए एसएसपी"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rediff.com&rft.atitle=Why+the+youth+connect+with+Narendra+Modi&rft.date=2014-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2Fslide-show%2Fslide-show-1-why-the-youth-connect-with-narendra-modi-%2F20140312.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Cabinet-OKs-Patna-master-plan-paves-way-for-big-bulidings-new-airport/articleshow/55100844.cms">"Cabinet OKs Patna master plan, paves way for big bulidings [sic], new airport"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160807182141/http://realty.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/residential/home-still-a-dream-sans-nod-to-map-in-patna/47294944">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2016. 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November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161104010315/http://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/patna/patna-master-plan-2031-metropolitan-committee-will-pass-the-map/885005.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+2031+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80&rft.date=2016-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prabhatkhabar.com%2Fnews%2Fpatna%2Fpatna-master-plan-2031-metropolitan-committee-will-pass-the-map%2F885005.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-patna-zonal-plan-will-be-part-of-the-master-plan-14938895.html">"Patna zonal plan will be part of the master plan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161101000025/http://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-patna-zonal-plan-will-be-part-of-the-master-plan-14938895.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2016. 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Retrieved 17 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sub%3A+Decisions+taken+in+General+Body+Meeting+of+SNEA+%28I%29+Patna+Telephone+District+on+issues+related+to+working+culture+in+Patna+Telephone.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sneabihar.org%2FSNEA%2FApril2013%2FPGMT%2520SNEA%2520DS%2520LETTER%252022-07-13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/RCom-launches-3G-services-in-Bihar/articleshow/7684242.cms">"RCom launches 3G services in Bihar – The Times of India"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 12 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180213031916/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/RCom-launches-3G-services-in-Bihar/articleshow/7684242.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=RCom+launches+3G+services+in+Bihar+%E2%80%93+The+Times+of+India&rft.date=2011-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FRCom-launches-3G-services-in-Bihar%2Farticleshow%2F7684242.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bihar.bsnl.co.in/">BSNL Bihar homepage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090410043247/http://www.bihar.bsnl.co.in/">Archived</a> 10 April 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> Web Archives 12 April 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gadgets.ndtv.com/telecom/news/videocon-to-launch-4g-mobile-services-in-bihar-uttar-pradesh-by-december-662343">"Videocon to Launch 4G Mobile Services in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh by December"</a>. 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Retrieved 5 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Trust+of+India&rft.atitle=Videocon+to+Launch+4G+Mobile+Services+in+Bihar%2C+Uttar+Pradesh+by+December&rft.date=2015-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgadgets.ndtv.com%2Ftelecom%2Fnews%2Fvideocon-to-launch-4g-mobile-services-in-bihar-uttar-pradesh-by-december-662343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiyush_Kumar_Tripathi2012" class="citation web cs1">Piyush Kumar Tripathi (4 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413125303/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120204/jsp/bihar/story_15090816.jsp#.U0mEXIGDkTA">"Bihar mobile users queue up for clarity"</a>. Telegraphindia.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120204/jsp/bihar/story_15090816.jsp#.U0mEXIGDkTA">the original</a> on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bihar+mobile+users+queue+up+for+clarity&rft.pub=Telegraphindia.com&rft.date=2012-02-04&rft.au=Piyush+Kumar+Tripathi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1120204%2Fjsp%2Fbihar%2Fstory_15090816.jsp%23.U0mEXIGDkTA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927084149/http://trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/Recommendation/Documents/Rcommendation81210.pdf">"Recommendations on national broadband plan"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 1 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News18.com&rft.atitle=Bihar+beats+Beijing%3A+Nitish+Kumar+unveils+world%27s+longest+Wi-Fi+zone&rft.date=2014-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news18.com%2Fnews%2Fbihar%2Fnitish-kumar-unveils-worlds-longest-wi-fi-zone-3-times-the-size-of-chinas-367317.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/Worlds-longest-free-Wi-Fi-zone-in-Patna/articleshow/30691352.cms">"World's longest free Wi-Fi zone in Patna – The Times of India"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 20 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140412072405/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/Worlds-longest-free-Wi-Fi-zone-in-Patna/articleshow/30691352.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2014. 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Retrieved 31 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PIYUSH+KUMAR+TRIPATHI&rft.atitle=Wi-Fi+checks+in%2C+partially&rft.date=2014-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1140409%2Fjsp%2Fbihar%2Fstory_18169069.jsp%23.U4obg4GDkTA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaudhary2008" class="citation news cs1">Chaudhary, Pranava K (23 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/First-ever-book-on-Patna-soon/articleshow/3515588.cms">"Trams in Patna"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021204515/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-23/patna/27949532_1_patna-saheb-patna-city-paschim-darwaza">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2012. 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Retrieved 4 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Autos+lifeline+of+city&rft.date=2011-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FAuto-fare-on-several-routes-hiked%2Farticleshow%2F9448366.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Colourful-buses-start-plying-in-Patna/articleshow/8346228.cms">"Colourful buses start plying in Patna"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 15 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120708044957/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-15/patna/29545409_1_bsrtc-ladies-special-buses-new-city-buses">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Colourful+buses+start+plying+in+Patna&rft.date=2011-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FColourful-buses-start-plying-in-Patna%2Farticleshow%2F8346228.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/AC-city-buses-to-ply-from-early-August/articleshow/9398832.cms">"AC city buses to ply from early August"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 28 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121106004717/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-28/patna/29824512_1_ac-buses-emergency-alarm-button-eden-transport">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2012. 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City taps app & go habit"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190408095115/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/ola-city-taps-app-amp-go-habit/cid/1357476">Archived</a> 8 April 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Telegraph (Calcutta), 18 May 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-All_we_hear_is_Radio_Taxi-185">^ <a href="#cite_ref-All_we_hear_is_Radio_Taxi_185-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-All_we_hear_is_Radio_Taxi_185-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/features/all-we-hear-is-radio-taxi/article6329373.ece?homepage=true&theme=true">"All we hear is Radio Taxi"</a>. thehindubusinessline.com. 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Retrieved 19 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thehindubusinessline.com&rft.atitle=All+we+hear+is+Radio+Taxi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Ffeatures%2Fall-we-hear-is-radio-taxi%2Farticle6329373.ece%3Fhomepage%3Dtrue%26theme%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140318162434/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/patna/patna-airport-deadline-extended-to-oct-31/article1-932447.aspx">"Patna airport deadline extended to Oct 31"</a>. Hindustan Times. 19 September 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/patna/patna-airport-deadline-extended-to-oct-31/article1-932447.aspx">the original</a> on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patna+airport+deadline+extended+to+Oct+31&rft.pub=Hindustan+Times&rft.date=2012-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Fpatna%2Fpatna-airport-deadline-extended-to-oct-31%2Farticle1-932447.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Patna-airport-notches-No-1-spot-in-air-traffic-passenger-growth/articleshow/6026297.cms">"Patna airport notches No. 1 spot in air traffic, passenger growth"</a>. The Times of India. 9 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180510195023/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Patna-airport-notches-No-1-spot-in-air-traffic-passenger-growth/articleshow/6026297.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Patna+airport+notches+No.+1+spot+in+air+traffic%2C+passenger+growth&rft.date=2010-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FPatna-airport-notches-No-1-spot-in-air-traffic-passenger-growth%2Farticleshow%2F6026297.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerma,_Sanjeev_Kumar2010" class="citation news cs1">Verma, Sanjeev Kumar (9 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Traffic-flyers-flow-grow-at-Patna-airport/articleshow/6112353.cms">"Traffic, flyers' flow grow at Patna airport"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811080507/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-01/patna/28274650_1_amritsar-airport-patna-airport-arvind-dubey">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Traffic%2C+flyers%27+flow+grow+at+Patna+airport&rft.date=2010-06-09&rft.au=Verma%2C+Sanjeev+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FTraffic-flyers-flow-grow-at-Patna-airport%2Farticleshow%2F6112353.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/AAI-to-develop-Bihta-airport-for-international-operations/articleshow/46521504.cms">"AAI to develop Bihta airport for international operations"</a>. The Times of India. 10 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150827164423/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/AAI-to-develop-Bihta-airport-for-international-operations/articleshow/46521504.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=AAI+to+develop+Bihta+airport+for+international+operations&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FAAI-to-develop-Bihta-airport-for-international-operations%2Farticleshow%2F46521504.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150723033808/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131210/jsp/bihar/story_17662189.jsp#.Va-fABuqqko">"Easy climb at railway station in new year"</a>. The Telegraph. 10 December 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131210/jsp/bihar/story_17662189.jsp#.Va-fABuqqko">the original</a> on 23 July 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Easy+climb+at+railway+station+in+new+year&rft.pub=The+Telegraph&rft.date=2013-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1131210%2Fjsp%2Fbihar%2Fstory_17662189.jsp%23.Va-fABuqqko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150723045145/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120713/jsp/frontpage/story_15724186.jsp#.Va-gGBuqqko">"90 trains delayed or diverted after coal wagons derail in Bihar"</a>. The Telegraph. 13 July 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120713/jsp/frontpage/story_15724186.jsp#.Va-gGBuqqko">the original</a> on 23 July 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=90+trains+delayed+or+diverted+after+coal+wagons+derail+in+Bihar&rft.pub=The+Telegraph&rft.date=2013-07-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1120713%2Fjsp%2Ffrontpage%2Fstory_15724186.jsp%23.Va-gGBuqqko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GoldbergDcary2009-192"><a href="#cite_ref-GoldbergDcary2009_192-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKory_GoldbergMichelle_Dcary2009" class="citation book cs1">Kory Goldberg; Michelle Dcary (9 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rWhGU_fPycoC&pg=PA200">Along the Path – The Meditator's Companion to the Buddha's Land</a>. Pariyatti. pp. 200–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-928706-56-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-928706-56-4"><bdi>978-1-928706-56-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528134838/http://books.google.com/books?id=rWhGU_fPycoC&pg=PA200">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Along+the+Path+%E2%80%93+The+Meditator%27s+Companion+to+the+Buddha%27s+Land&rft.pages=200-&rft.pub=Pariyatti&rft.date=2009-11-09&rft.isbn=978-1-928706-56-4&rft.au=Kory+Goldberg&rft.au=Michelle+Dcary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrWhGU_fPycoC%26pg%3DPA200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160602132643/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120426/jsp/bihar/story_15420512.jsp#.VyiRTvl97IV">"Ganga bridge bonanza New projects to ease travel hassle"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120426/jsp/bihar/story_15420512.jsp#.VyiRTvl97IV">the original</a> on 2 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ganga+bridge+bonanza+New+projects+to+ease+travel+hassle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1120426%2Fjsp%2Fbihar%2Fstory_15420512.jsp%23.VyiRTvl97IV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhelari2012" class="citation news cs1">Bhelari, Amit (8 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130307134409/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120308/jsp/bihar/story_15185406.jsp#.UJkPQmckPCA">"New deadline for rail bridge"</a>. Calcutta, India: The Telegraph, 8 March 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120308/jsp/bihar/story_15185406.jsp#.UJkPQmckPCA">the original</a> on 7 March 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+deadline+for+rail+bridge&rft.date=2012-03-08&rft.aulast=Bhelari&rft.aufirst=Amit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1120308%2Fjsp%2Fbihar%2Fstory_15185406.jsp%23.UJkPQmckPCA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101023152514/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-s-longest-rail-cum-road-bridge-to-come-up-in-Bihar/Article1-464170.aspx">"India's longest rail-cum-road bridge to come up in Bihar"</a>. Hindustan Times. 12 October 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-s-longest-rail-cum-road-bridge-to-come-up-in-Bihar/Article1-464170.aspx">the original</a> on 23 October 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%27s+longest+rail-cum-road+bridge+to+come+up+in+Bihar&rft.pub=Hindustan+Times&rft.date=2009-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2FIndia-s-longest-rail-cum-road-bridge-to-come-up-in-Bihar%2FArticle1-464170.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Digha-bridge-cost-likely-to-jump-by-Rs-1000-cr/articleshow/9088951.cms">"Digha bridge cost likely to jump by Rs 1,000 cr"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 3 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120105053237/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-03/patna/29732615_1_digha-rail-rail-bridge-guide-bund">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Digha+bridge+cost+likely+to+jump+by+Rs+1%2C000+cr&rft.date=2011-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FDigha-bridge-cost-likely-to-jump-by-Rs-1000-cr%2Farticleshow%2F9088951.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapsofindia.com/driving-directions-maps/nh19-driving-directions-map.html">"National Highway 19"</a>. Mapsofindia.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100217075435/http://www.mapsofindia.com/driving-directions-maps/nh19-driving-directions-map.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Highway+19&rft.pub=Mapsofindia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapsofindia.com%2Fdriving-directions-maps%2Fnh19-driving-directions-map.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapsofindia.com/driving-directions-maps/nh30-driving-directions-map.html">"National Highway 30"</a>. Mapsofindia.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100213192953/http://www.mapsofindia.com/driving-directions-maps/nh30-driving-directions-map.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Highway+30&rft.pub=Mapsofindia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapsofindia.com%2Fdriving-directions-maps%2Fnh30-driving-directions-map.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapsofindia.com/driving-directions-maps/nh31-driving-directions-map.html">"National Highway 31"</a>. Mapsofindia.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100204055423/http://www.mapsofindia.com/driving-directions-maps/nh31-driving-directions-map.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Highway+31&rft.pub=Mapsofindia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapsofindia.com%2Fdriving-directions-maps%2Fnh31-driving-directions-map.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapsofindia.com/driving-directions-maps/nh83-driving-directions-map.html">"National Highway 83"</a>. Mapsofindia.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100103100903/http://www.mapsofindia.com/driving-directions-maps/nh83-driving-directions-map.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Highway+83&rft.pub=Mapsofindia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapsofindia.com%2Fdriving-directions-maps%2Fnh83-driving-directions-map.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Broken-railings-vibrations-make-Patnas-Gandhi-Setu-commuters-nightmare/articleshow/47304106.cms">"Broken railings, vibrations make Patna's Gandhi Setu commuters' nightmare"</a>. The Times of India. 16 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430204119/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Broken-railings-vibrations-make-Patnas-Gandhi-Setu-commuters-nightmare/articleshow/47304106.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Broken+railings%2C+vibrations+make+Patna%27s+Gandhi+Setu+commuters%27+nightmare&rft.date=2015-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FBroken-railings-vibrations-make-Patnas-Gandhi-Setu-commuters-nightmare%2Farticleshow%2F47304106.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150728011826/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150405/jsp/bihar/story_12692.jsp#.VbPGmBuqqko">"Nitish blasts Centre over roads"</a>. The Telegraph. 5 April 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150405/jsp/bihar/story_12692.jsp#.VbPGmBuqqko">the original</a> on 28 July 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nitish+blasts+Centre+over+roads&rft.pub=The+Telegraph&rft.date=2015-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1150405%2Fjsp%2Fbihar%2Fstory_12692.jsp%23.VbPGmBuqqko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Cabinet-OKs-new-bridge-on-Ganga/articleshow/48118331.cms">"Cabinet OKs new bridge on Ganga"</a>. 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Retrieved 5 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anisha+Anand%2C+TNN&rft.atitle=An+all-woman+bank+to+open+in+Patna&rft.date=2013-07-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FAn-all-woman-bank-to-open-in-Patna%2Farticleshow%2F21063277.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zeenews.india.com/news/bihar/bihar-fast-tracks-patna-metro-rail-project_1498986.html">"Bihar fast-tracks Patna Metro rail project"</a>. 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Retrieved 22 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bihar+fast-tracks+Patna+Metro+rail+project&rft.pub=Zee+News&rft.date=2014-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzeenews.india.com%2Fnews%2Fbihar%2Fbihar-fast-tracks-patna-metro-rail-project_1498986.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Long awaited proposal of Patna Metro Rail project gets CM's nod". <a href="/wiki/Daily_News_%26_Analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily News & Analysis">Daily News & Analysis</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News+%26+Analysis&rft.atitle=Long+awaited+proposal+of+Patna+Metro+Rail+project+gets+CM%27s+nod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-210"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_210-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029205423/http://epaper.jagran.com/ePaperArticle/23-oct-2013-edition-Patna-Nager-page_3-43715-7142-84.html">"Patna Metro will run in 3 phase"</a>. 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Youth, Arts and Culture Department, Government of Bihar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150215231007/http://yac.bih.nic.in/DM-01.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Directorate+of+Museum&rft.pub=Youth%2C+Arts+and+Culture+Department%2C+Government+of+Bihar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyac.bih.nic.in%2Fdm-01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiaculture.nic.in/khuda-baksh-oriental-public-library-patna">"KHUDA BAKHSH ORIENTAL PUBLIC LIBRARY"</a>. Ministry of Culture, Government of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216204703/http://www.indiaculture.nic.in/khuda-baksh-oriental-public-library-patna">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KHUDA+BAKHSH+ORIENTAL+PUBLIC+LIBRARY&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Culture%2C+Government+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiaculture.nic.in%2Fkhuda-baksh-oriental-public-library-patna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Historic-Sinha-library-struggling-for-survival/articleshow/21966610.cms">"Historic Sinha library struggling for survival"</a>. The Times of India. 22 August 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180511230554/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Historic-Sinha-library-struggling-for-survival/articleshow/21966610.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 16 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Historic+Sinha+library+struggling+for+survival&rft.date=2013-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FHistoric-Sinha-library-struggling-for-survival%2Farticleshow%2F21966610.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402175744/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120204/jsp/bihar/story_15087910.jsp#.VPtAJnyUdH4">"Dual delights on first night of theatre festival – Patliputra Natya Mahotsav starts in capital; 34 dramas and 11 street plays lined up for six days"</a>. The Telegraph. 4 February 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120204/jsp/bihar/story_15087910.jsp#.VPtAJnyUdH4">the original</a> on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dual+delights+on+first+night+of+theatre+festival+%E2%80%93+Patliputra+Natya+Mahotsav+starts+in+capital%3B+34+dramas+and+11+street+plays+lined+up+for+six+days&rft.pub=The+Telegraph&rft.date=2012-02-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1120204%2Fjsp%2Fbihar%2Fstory_15087910.jsp%23.VPtAJnyUdH4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/theatre-back-to-centrestage-in-the-patna/1/131679.html">"Theatre back to centrestage in the state"</a>. India Today. 7 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402173951/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/theatre-back-to-centrestage-in-the-patna/1/131679.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Theatre+back+to+centrestage+in+the+state&rft.pub=India+Today&rft.date=2011-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiatoday.intoday.in%2Fstory%2Ftheatre-back-to-centrestage-in-the-patna%2F1%2F131679.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanaki_Bhatt2001" class="citation web cs1">Janaki Bhatt (24 February 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010224/windows/main3.htm">"Patna kalam Death of an art tradition"</a>. The Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063507/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010224/windows/main3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tribune&rft.atitle=Patna+kalam+Death+of+an+art+tradition&rft.date=2001-02-24&rft.au=Janaki+Bhatt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2F2001%2F20010224%2Fwindows%2Fmain3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-abc-229">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abc_229-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-abc_229-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAMIT_SHEKHAR2012" class="citation web cs1">AMIT SHEKHAR (14 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216204906/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120614/jsp/bihar/story_15606127.jsp#.VOIequaUdH4">"Fade-out tale of art school – Artists remember style of indigenous painting, narrate days of its glory and decline"</a>. The Telegraph. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120614/jsp/bihar/story_15606127.jsp#.VOIequaUdH4">the original</a> on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fade-out+tale+of+art+school+%E2%80%93+Artists+remember+style+of+indigenous+painting%2C+narrate+days+of+its+glory+and+decline&rft.pub=The+Telegraph&rft.date=2012-06-14&rft.au=AMIT+SHEKHAR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1120614%2Fjsp%2Fbihar%2Fstory_15606127.jsp%23.VOIequaUdH4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/patna-just-got-a-madhubani-makeover-and-its-a-new-city-altogether/articleshow/71920618.cms">"Patna just got a Madhubani makeover, and it's a new city altogether"</a>. The Times of India. 5 November 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Patna+just+got+a+Madhubani+makeover%2C+and+it%27s+a+new+city+altogether&rft.date=2019-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Fpatna-just-got-a-madhubani-makeover-and-its-a-new-city-altogether%2Farticleshow%2F71920618.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPriyanshi_Lal2014" class="citation web cs1">Priyanshi Lal (25 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiatvnews.com/lifestyle/news/famous-bihari-cuisines-3636.html">"10 Bihari cuisines you must try at least once! (view pics)"</a>. indiatvnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216205433/http://www.indiatvnews.com/lifestyle/news/famous-bihari-cuisines-3636.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=10+Bihari+cuisines+you+must+try+at+least+once%21+%28view+pics%29&rft.pub=indiatvnews&rft.date=2014-09-25&rft.au=Priyanshi+Lal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatvnews.com%2Flifestyle%2Fnews%2Ffamous-bihari-cuisines-3636.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Any-Samosa-Chutney-Left/282723">"Any Samosa Chutney Left?"</a>. Outlook India. 5 November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216221654/http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Any-Samosa-Chutney-Left/282723">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Any+Samosa+Chutney+Left%3F&rft.pub=Outlook+India&rft.date=2012-11-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.outlookindia.com%2Farticle%2FAny-Samosa-Chutney-Left%2F282723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Patna ke samose". DB Star, <a href="/wiki/Dainik_Bhaskar" title="Dainik Bhaskar">Dainik Bhaskar</a>. 9 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DB+Star%2C+Dainik+Bhaskar&rft.atitle=Patna+ke+samose&rft.date=2014-11-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapital_Market2020" class="citation news cs1">Capital Market (1 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cm/indian-hotels-gains-on-signing-three-new-taj-hotels-120120100547_1.html">"Indian Hotels gains on signing three new Taj Hotels"</a>. Business Standard India. Retrieved 29 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard+India&rft.atitle=Indian+Hotels+gains+on+signing+three+new+Taj+Hotels&rft.date=2020-12-01&rft.au=Capital+Market&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Fnews-cm%2Findian-hotels-gains-on-signing-three-new-taj-hotels-120120100547_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216204751/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120813/jsp/bihar/story_15848030.jsp#.VOItDOaUdH4">"Dress diktat with safety pinch"</a>. The Telegraph. 13 August 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120813/jsp/bihar/story_15848030.jsp#.VOItDOaUdH4">the original</a> on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dress+diktat+with+safety+pinch&rft.pub=The+Telegraph&rft.date=2012-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1120813%2Fjsp%2Fbihar%2Fstory_15848030.jsp%23.VOItDOaUdH4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eIa6tqdgNbAC&q=bihar+sari+salwar&pg=PA69">Diamond Social Science</a>. Saraswati House Pvt Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788173353918" title="Special:BookSources/9788173353918"><bdi>9788173353918</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diamond+Social+Science&rft.pub=Saraswati+House+Pvt+Ltd&rft.isbn=9788173353918&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeIa6tqdgNbAC%26q%3Dbihar%2Bsari%2Bsalwar%26pg%3DPA69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/bihar-govt-to-provide-free-electricity-for-chhath-puja-in-public-places/article5328524.ece">"Bihar govt. to provide free electricity for "Chhath Puja" in public places"</a>. The Hindu. 8 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140830180052/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/bihar-govt-to-provide-free-electricity-for-chhath-puja-in-public-places/article5328524.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Bihar+govt.+to+provide+free+electricity+for+%22Chhath+Puja%22+in+public+places&rft.date=2013-11-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Fbihar-govt-to-provide-free-electricity-for-chhath-puja-in-public-places%2Farticle5328524.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Durga-Puja-Patna-set-to-turn-into-city-of-temples/articleshow/16731342.cms">"Durga Puja: Patna set to turn into city of temples"</a>. The Times of India. 9 October 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190223142300/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Durga-Puja-Patna-set-to-turn-into-city-of-temples/articleshow/16731342.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2019. 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The Times of India. 23 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025641/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Class-XI-admission-process-begins-in-many-schools/articleshow/47376443.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Class+XI+admission+process+begins+in+many+schools&rft.date=2015-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FClass-XI-admission-process-begins-in-many-schools%2Farticleshow%2F47376443.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixon,_Pauline2013" class="citation book cs1">Dixon, Pauline (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a4cFtJv3CsQC&q=schools+patna+english+languages+of+instruction&pg=PA65">International Aid and Private Schools for the Poor: Smiles, Miracles and Markets</a>. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781781953457" title="Special:BookSources/9781781953457"><bdi>9781781953457</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150619221812/https://books.google.com/books?id=a4cFtJv3CsQC&pg=PA65&lpg=PA65&dq=schools+patna+english+languages+of+instruction&source=bl&ots=82t9Tez_8e&sig=fa_I9HWgjyWljY3y_UxiensBHE4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TFSEVYuqKMy6uATTmoGwDg&ved=0CE0Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=schools%20patna%20english%20languages%20of%20instruction&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Aid+and+Private+Schools+for+the+Poor%3A+Smiles%2C+Miracles+and+Markets&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing%2C+2013&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781781953457&rft.au=Dixon%2C+Pauline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da4cFtJv3CsQC%26q%3Dschools%2Bpatna%2Benglish%2Blanguages%2Bof%2Binstruction%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rangaraju_Patna-259"><a href="#cite_ref-Rangaraju_Patna_259-0">^</a> Baladevan Rangaraju, Professor <a href="/wiki/James_Tooley" title="James Tooley">James Tooley</a>, Dr <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Dixon" title="Pauline Dixon">Pauline Dixon</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiai.org/patna-urban-survey-report">"The Private School Revolution in Bihar: Findings from a survey in Patna Urban"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120619225236/http://www.indiai.org/patna-urban-survey-report">Archived</a> 19 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/NIOS-declares-results-invites-complaints/articleshow/20548265.cms">"NIOS declares results, invites complaints"</a>. The Times of India. 12 June 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170331003351/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/NIOS-declares-results-invites-complaints/articleshow/20548265.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=NIOS+declares+results%2C+invites+complaints&rft.date=2013-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fhome%2Feducation%2Fnews%2FNIOS-declares-results-invites-complaints%2Farticleshow%2F20548265.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150619220224/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110703/jsp/bihar/story_14189132.jsp">"IIT success tips for parents"</a>. The Telegraph. 3 July 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110703/jsp/bihar/story_14189132.jsp">the original</a> on 19 June 2015. 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Retrieved 27 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BIT+Patna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpatna.bitmesra.ac.in&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/35-locals-make-it-to-NIFT-Patnas-6th-batch/articleshow/21349806.cms">"35 locals make it to NIFT-Patna's 6th batch"</a>. Vithika Salomi, TNN. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a> (Patna). 13 July 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180819130707/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/35-locals-make-it-to-NIFT-Patnas-6th-batch/articleshow/21349806.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vithika+Salomi%2C+TNN&rft.atitle=35+locals+make+it+to+NIFT-Patna%27s+6th+batch&rft.date=2013-07-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2F35-locals-make-it-to-NIFT-Patnas-6th-batch%2Farticleshow%2F21349806.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/No-appointment-in-Patna-University-since-2003/articleshow/39579296.cms">"No appointment in Patna University since 2003"</a>. The Times of India. 4 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140806024241/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/No-appointment-in-Patna-University-since-2003/articleshow/39579296.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=No+appointment+in+Patna+University+since+2003&rft.date=2014-08-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FNo-appointment-in-Patna-University-since-2003%2Farticleshow%2F39579296.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mid-day.com/articles/patna-sushma-swaraj-inaugurates-nalanda-university/15618161">"Patna: Sushma Swaraj inaugurates Nalanda University"</a>. 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Retrieved 5 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+signs+MoUs+with+7+countries+for+Nalanda+University+%26%23124%3B+Business+Line&rft.pub=Thehindubusinessline.com&rft.date=2013-10-10&rft.au=PTI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Findustry-and-economy%2Feducation%2Findia-signs-mous-with-7-countries-for-nalanda-university%2Farticle5221130.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibnlive.com/cricketnext/news/ishan-kishan-is-a-mixture-of-ms-dhoni-and-adam-gilchrist-1180721.html">"Ishan Kishan is a mixture of MS Dhoni and Adam Gilchrist"</a>. IBNLive. 23 December 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160113185641/http://www.ibnlive.com/cricketnext/news/ishan-kishan-is-a-mixture-of-ms-dhoni-and-adam-gilchrist-1180721.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ishan+Kishan+is+a+mixture+of+MS+Dhoni+and+Adam+Gilchrist&rft.pub=IBNLive&rft.date=2015-12-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibnlive.com%2Fcricketnext%2Fnews%2Fishan-kishan-is-a-mixture-of-ms-dhoni-and-adam-gilchrist-1180721.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-bcci-to-give-money-election-of-bihar-cricket-association-to-be-held-within-60-days-12728696.html">"BCCI to give money, Election of Bihar Cricket Association to be held within 60 days 12728696"</a>. Jagran.com. 12 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160612190614/http://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-bcci-to-give-money-election-of-bihar-cricket-association-to-be-held-within-60-days-12728696.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BCCI+to+give+money%2C+Election+of+Bihar+Cricket+Association+to+be+held+within+60+days+12728696&rft.pub=Jagran.com&rft.date=2015-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagran.com%2Fbihar%2Fpatna-city-bcci-to-give-money-election-of-bihar-cricket-association-to-be-held-within-60-days-12728696.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120707010310/http://beta.cricket.yahoo.com/cricket/profile/ground-profile?gid=98">"Profile of stadium in Yahoo Cricket website"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Golf+gains+ground+among+youngsters+%E2%80%93+Times+of+India&rft.date=2013-04-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FGolf-gains-ground-among-youngsters%2Farticleshow%2F19485832.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patnagolfclub.in/">"Patna Golf Club"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Patna_Golf_Club" title="Patna Golf Club">Patna Golf Club</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131207110751/http://patnagolfclub.in/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patna+Golf+Club&rft.pub=Patna+Golf+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpatnagolfclub.in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumar1999" class="citation news cs1">Kumar, Roshan (1 March 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140318180114/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120302/jsp/bihar/story_15201421.jsp">"Women's World Cup begins"</a>. Calcutta, India: Telegraphindia.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120302/jsp/bihar/story_15201421.jsp">the original</a> on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 4 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Women%27s+World+Cup+begins&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Roshan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1120302%2Fjsp%2Fbihar%2Fstory_15201421.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120711211127/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/stage-set-for-first-world-cup-womens-kabaddi-championship/969313.html">Stage set for first wc women's kabaddi championship</a> ibnlive 2 March 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tehrantimes.com/sports/96082-iranian-women-second-in-kabbadi-world-cup">Hosts India won the World Cup defeating Iran in the finals.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120418231444/http://www.tehrantimes.com/sports/96082-iranian-women-second-in-kabbadi-world-cup">Archived</a> 18 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Tehran Times 5 March 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Patna-Pirates-to-play-in-pro-kabaddi-league/articleshow/36226949.cms">"Patna Pirates to play in pro-kabaddi league"</a>. Jai Narain Pandey, TNN. The Times of India. 8 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150527110533/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Patna-Pirates-to-play-in-pro-kabaddi-league/articleshow/36226949.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jai+Narain+Pandey%2C+TNN&rft.atitle=Patna+Pirates+to+play+in+pro-kabaddi+league&rft.date=2014-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FPatna-Pirates-to-play-in-pro-kabaddi-league%2Farticleshow%2F36226949.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/BMP-stadium-to-have-synthetic-track/articleshow/18393173.cms">"BMP stadium to have synthetic track – Times of India"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 8 February 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505141649/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/BMP-stadium-to-have-synthetic-track/articleshow/18393173.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=BMP+stadium+to+have+synthetic+track+%E2%80%93+Times+of+India&rft.date=2013-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FBMP-stadium-to-have-synthetic-track%2Farticleshow%2F18393173.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/ECR-GM-opens-indoor-stadium-at-Digha/articleshow/45709662.cms">"ECR GM opens indoor stadium at Digha, Patna – Times of India"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161008223942/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/ECR-GM-opens-indoor-stadium-at-Digha/articleshow/45709662.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=ECR+GM+opens+indoor+stadium+at+Digha%2C+Patna+%E2%80%93+Times+of+India&rft.date=2015-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FECR-GM-opens-indoor-stadium-at-Digha%2Farticleshow%2F45709662.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> Bihar ki Sahityik Pragati, Bihar Hindi Sahitya Sammelan, Patna 1956, p. 73 </li> <li id="cite_note-journalism-281"><a href="#cite_ref-journalism_281-0">^</a> Ahmad Qeyamuddin, Patna Through the ages: Glimpses of History, Society and Economy, Commonwealth Publishers, New Delhi, 1988 </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> Jayanti Smarak Granth, pp. 583–585 </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJainCardona2007" class="citation book cs1">Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George (26 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OtCPAgAAQBAJ&q=Magahi+Parishad,+established+in+Patna+in+1952&pg=PA550">Indo-Aryan Languages – Google Books</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135797119" title="Special:BookSources/9781135797119"><bdi>9781135797119</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630163754/https://books.google.com/books?id=OtCPAgAAQBAJ&q=Magahi+Parishad%2C+established+in+Patna+in+1952&pg=PA550">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indo-Aryan+Languages+%E2%80%93+Google+Books&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007-07-26&rft.isbn=9781135797119&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=Danesh&rft.au=Cardona%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOtCPAgAAQBAJ%26q%3DMagahi%2BParishad%2C%2Bestablished%2Bin%2BPatna%2Bin%2B1952%26pg%3DPA550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140207062741/http://www.prdbihar.in/media.htm">"Information and Public Relation Department-Bihar"</a>. Prdbihar.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prdbihar.in/media.htm">the original</a> on 7 February 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Information+and+Public+Relation+Department-Bihar&rft.pub=Prdbihar.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prdbihar.in%2Fmedia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-go4patna1-285">^ <a href="#cite_ref-go4patna1_285-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-go4patna1_285-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-go4patna1_285-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.go4patna.com/index.php/patna/patna-important-information/34-cityimportant-information-cityimportant-information/164-newspapers-in-patna">"Newspapers in Patna"</a>. Go4patna.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413144714/http://www.go4patna.com/index.php/patna/patna-important-information/34-cityimportant-information-cityimportant-information/164-newspapers-in-patna">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Newspapers+in+Patna&rft.pub=Go4patna.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.go4patna.com%2Findex.php%2Fpatna%2Fpatna-important-information%2F34-cityimportant-information-cityimportant-information%2F164-newspapers-in-patna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaha2014" class="citation web cs1">Saha, Ananya (23 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.campaignindia.in/Article/370317,dainik-bhaskar-enters-bihar-with-edition-in-under-penetrated-patna.aspx">"Dainik Bhaskar enters Bihar with edition in under-penetrated Patna – News – Media – Campaign India"</a>. Campaignindia.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413140951/http://www.campaignindia.in/Article/370317,dainik-bhaskar-enters-bihar-with-edition-in-under-penetrated-patna.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dainik+Bhaskar+enters+Bihar+with+edition+in+under-penetrated+Patna+%E2%80%93+News+%E2%80%93+Media+%E2%80%93+Campaign+India&rft.pub=Campaignindia.in&rft.date=2014-01-23&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=Ananya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.campaignindia.in%2FArticle%2F370317%2Cdainik-bhaskar-enters-bihar-with-edition-in-under-penetrated-patna.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140320104631/http://www.biharplus.in/news/bihar-events/inext-bike-athon-bicycle-marathon-in-patna-on-1st-december-2013/">"inext bike athon bicycle marathon in patna on 1st December 2013 | Biharplus"</a>. Biharplus.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biharplus.in/news/bihar-events/inext-bike-athon-bicycle-marathon-in-patna-on-1st-december-2013/">the original</a> on 20 March 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=inext+bike+athon+bicycle+marathon+in+patna+on+1st+December+2013+%26%23124%3B+Biharplus&rft.pub=Biharplus.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biharplus.in%2Fnews%2Fbihar-events%2Finext-bike-athon-bicycle-marathon-in-patna-on-1st-december-2013%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/50-not-out-delight-in-Patna-AIR/articleshow/5389830.cms">"50 not out, delight in Patna AIR"</a>. The Times of India. 29 December 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180204123933/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/50-not-out-delight-in-Patna-AIR/articleshow/5389830.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=50+not+out%2C+delight+in+Patna+AIR&rft.date=2009-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2F50-not-out-delight-in-Patna-AIR%2Farticleshow%2F5389830.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis_Sydney_Steward_O'Malley1924" class="citation book cs1">Lewis Sydney Steward O'Malley, ed. (1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a-QaOP5nK-MC&q=patna">Bihar And Orissa District Gazetteers Patna</a>. Concept Publishing Company. p. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788172681210" title="Special:BookSources/9788172681210"><bdi>9788172681210</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bihar+And+Orissa+District+Gazetteers+Patna&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1924&rft.isbn=9788172681210&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da-QaOP5nK-MC%26q%3Dpatna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSurendra_Gopal1982" class="citation book cs1">Surendra Gopal, ed. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m7sLAAAAIAAJ&q=patna">Patna in the 19th Century: A Socio-cultural Profile</a>. Naya Prokash. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780836409338" title="Special:BookSources/9780836409338"><bdi>9780836409338</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Patna+in+the+19th+Century%3A+A+Socio-cultural+Profile&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Naya+Prokash&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9780836409338&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm7sLAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dpatna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Montgomery_Martin1838" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Montgomery_Martin" title="Robert Montgomery Martin">Robert Montgomery Martin</a>, ed. (1838). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QA8NAAAAYAAJ&q=patna">Behar (Patna city) and Shahabad, Volume 1 of The History, Antiquities, Topography, and Statistics of Eastern India</a>. W. H. Allen and Co. p. 256.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Behar+%28Patna+city%29+and+Shahabad%2C+Volume+1+of+The+History%2C+Antiquities%2C+Topography%2C+and+Statistics+of+Eastern+India&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=W.+H.+Allen+and+Co.&rft.date=1838&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQA8NAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dpatna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Tayler1858" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Tayler" title="William Tayler">William Tayler</a>, ed. (1858). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_qI5AQAAIAAJ&q=patna&pg=PA33">The Patna crisis; or, Three months at Patna: during the insurrection of 1857</a>. J. Nisbet. p. 96.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Patna+crisis%3B+or%2C+Three+months+at+Patna%3A+during+the+insurrection+of+1857&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=J.+Nisbet&rft.date=1858&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_qI5AQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dpatna%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._D._Beglar,_Sir_Alexander_Cunningham1878" class="citation book cs1">J. D. Beglar, Sir <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cunningham" title="Alexander Cunningham">Alexander Cunningham</a>, ed. (1878). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Uc8OAAAAQAAJ&q=patna&pg=PA5">Report of a Tour Through the Bengal Provinces of Patna, Gaya, Mongir, and Bhagalpur: The Santal Parganas, Manbhum, Singhbhum, and Birbhum; Bankura, Raniganj, Bardwan, and Hughli : in 1872–73 Volume 8 of Archaeological Survey of India</a>. Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. p. 213.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+of+a+Tour+Through+the+Bengal+Provinces+of+Patna%2C+Gaya%2C+Mongir%2C+and+Bhagalpur%3A+The+Santal+Parganas%2C+Manbhum%2C+Singhbhum%2C+and+Birbhum%3B+Bankura%2C+Raniganj%2C+Bardwan%2C+and+Hughli+%3A+in+1872%E2%80%9373+Volume+8+of+Archaeological+Survey+of+India&rft.pages=213&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Superintendent+of+Government+Printing&rft.date=1878&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUc8OAAAAQAAJ%26q%3Dpatna%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalter_Kelly_Firminger1909" class="citation book cs1">Walter Kelly Firminger, ed. (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/diariesofthreesu00firm#page/n7/mode/2up">The Diaries of Three Surgeons of Patna – 1763</a>. The Calcutta Historical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Diaries+of+Three+Surgeons+of+Patna+%E2%80%93+1763&rft.pub=The+Calcutta+Historical+Society&rft.date=1909&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fdiariesofthreesu00firm%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Nas Margens do Hindustão : o estado da India e a expansão mongol ca.1570-1640. Por Jorge Flores</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThakur1980" class="citation web cs1">Thakur, Baleshwar (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HHVIU-HsMswC&q=Patna+Portuguese&pg=PA117">"Urban Settlemnts in Eastern India"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Urban+Settlemnts+in+Eastern+India&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Thakur&rft.aufirst=Baleshwar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHHVIU-HsMswC%26q%3DPatna%2BPortuguese%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatna" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patna&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1%">History of Patna</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Patna" title="History of Patna">History of Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pataliputra" title="Pataliputra">Pataliputra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azimabad" title="Azimabad">Azimabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajatashatru" title="Ajatashatru">Ajatashatru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanakya" title="Chanakya">Chanakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_Maurya" title="Chandragupta Maurya">Chandragupta Maurya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryabhata" title="Aryabhata">Aryabhata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadha_(Mahajanapada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadha (Mahajanapada)">Magadha (Mahajanapada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanka_dynasty" title="Haryanka dynasty">Haryanka dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanda Empire">Nanda Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sur_Empire" title="Sur Empire">Sur Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nalanda">Nalanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%B9%9Bcchakatika" title="Mṛcchakatika">Mṛcchakatika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankipur_Central_Jail" title="Bankipur Central Jail">Bankipur Central Jail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Air_Flight_7412" title="Alliance Air Flight 7412">Alliance Air Flight 7412</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Patna_bombings" title="2013 Patna bombings">2013 Patna bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Patna_stampede" title="2014 Patna stampede">2014 Patna stampede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Arrah" title="Siege of Arrah">Siege of Arrah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bihar" title="Government of Bihar">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Legislative_Assembly" title="Bihar Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Municipal_Corporation" title="Patna Municipal Corporation">Patna Municipal Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Police" title="Patna Police">Patna Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_High_Court" title="Patna High Court">Patna High Court</a></li> <li>Nagar Parishad Danapur Nizamat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Regional_Development_Authority" title="Patna Regional Development Authority">Patna Regional Development Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_State_Power_Holding_Company_Limited" title="Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited">Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadh_Stock_Exchange" title="Magadh Stock Exchange">Magadh Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_rice" title="Patna rice">Patna rice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_town" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite town">Satellite town</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihta" title="Bihta">Bihta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonpur,_Bihar" title="Sonpur, Bihar">Sonpur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Localities/ neighbourhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Neighbourhoods_of_Patna" title="Template:Neighbourhoods of Patna">Neighbourhoods in Patna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings and landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Collectorate" title="Patna Collectorate">Patna Collectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaheed_Smarak_Patna" title="Shaheed Smarak Patna">Shaheed Smarak Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabhyata_Dwar" title="Sabhyata Dwar">Sabhyata Dwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Secretariat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bihar Secretariat">Bihar Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samrat_Ashok_International_Convention_Centre" title="Samrat Ashok International Convention Centre">Samrat Ashok International Convention Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Bhavan,_Patna" title="Raj Bhavan, Patna">Raj Bhavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_Chowk" title="Kargil Chowk">Kargil Chowk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Museum" title="Bihar Museum">Bihar Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrikrishna_Science_Centre" title="Shrikrishna Science Centre">Shrikrishna Science Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadaqat_Ashram" title="Sadaqat Ashram">Sadaqat Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagholkothi" title="Nagholkothi">Nagholkothi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Museum" title="Patna Museum">Patna Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golghar" title="Golghar">Golghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Lok" title="Maurya Lok">Maurya Lok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeler_Senate_Hall" title="Wheeler Senate Hall">Wheeler Senate Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Planetarium" title="Indira Gandhi Planetarium">Indira Gandhi Planetarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Krishna_Memorial_Hall" title="Shri Krishna Memorial Hall">Shri Krishna Memorial Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Prakash_Narayan_Airport" title="Jay Prakash Narayan Airport">Jay Prakash Narayan Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihta_Air_Force_Station" title="Bihta Air Force Station">Bihta Air Force Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Junction_railway_station" title="Patna Junction railway station">Patna Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Nagar_Terminal_railway_station" title="Rajendra Nagar Terminal railway station">Rajendra Nagar Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patliputra_Junction_railway_station" title="Patliputra Junction railway station">Patliputra Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Sahib_railway_station" title="Patna Sahib railway station">Patna Saheb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulzarbagh_railway_station" title="Gulzarbagh railway station">Gulzarbagh Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulwari_Sharif_railway_station" title="Phulwari Sharif railway station">Phulwari Sharif railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danapur_railway_station" title="Danapur railway station">Danapur Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatuha_Junction_railway_station" title="Fatuha Junction railway station">Fatuha Junction railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Metro" title="Patna Metro">Patna Metro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loknayak_Ganga_Path" title="Loknayak Ganga Path">Loknayak Ganga Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Setu" title="Mahatma Gandhi Setu">Mahatma Gandhi Setu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digha%E2%80%93Sonpur_Bridge" title="Digha–Sonpur Bridge">Digha–Sonpur Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Medical_College_and_Hospital" title="Patna Medical College and Hospital">PMCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalanda_Medical_College_and_Hospital" title="Nalanda Medical College and Hospital">NMCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences,_Patna" title="All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna">AIIMS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediversal_Multi_Superspecialty_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mediversal Multi Superspecialty Hospital (page does not exist)">Mediversal Multi Superspecialty Hospital</a></li> <li>Mahavir Cancer Institute and Research Centre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Hospital_and_Research_Centre" title="Ford Hospital and Research Centre">Ford Hospital and Research Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences">Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_educational_institutions_in_Patna" title="List of educational institutions in Patna">Universities & colleges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patna_University" title="Patna University">Patna University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryabhatta_Knowledge_University" title="Aryabhatta Knowledge University">Aryabhatta Knowledge University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanakya_National_Law_University" title="Chanakya National Law University">Chanakya National Law University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalanda_Open_University" title="Nalanda Open University">Nalanda Open University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Mazharul_Haque_Arabic_and_Persian_University" title="Maulana Mazharul Haque Arabic and Persian University">Maulana Mazharul Haque Arabic and Persian University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadh_University" title="Magadh University">Magadh University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_University_of_South_Bihar" title="Central University of South Bihar">Central University of South Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIT_Patna" title="IIT Patna">IIT Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Technology,_Patna" title="National Institute of Technology, Patna">National Institute of Technology, Patna (NIT-P)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Fashion_Technology,_Patna" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Fashion Technology, Patna">National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT Patna)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences,_Patna" title="All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna">All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandragupt_Institute_of_Management" title="Chandragupt Institute of Management">Chandragupt Institute of Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Women%27s_College" title="Patna Women's College">Patna Women's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Dental_College" title="Patna Dental College">Patna Dental College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_College" title="Patna College">Patna College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_National_College" title="Bihar National College">Bihar National College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Xavier%27s_College,_Patna" title="St. Xavier's College, Patna">St. Xavier's College, Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anugrah_Narayan_College,_Patna" title="Anugrah Narayan College, Patna">A N College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birla_Institute_of_Technology,_Patna" title="Birla Institute of Technology, Patna">Birla Institute of Technology, Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R.P._Sharma_Institute_of_Technology" title="R.P. Sharma Institute of Technology">R.P. Sharma Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Memorial_Research_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences">Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadh_Mahila_College" title="Magadh Mahila College">Magadh Mahila College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Azad_College_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="Maulana Azad College of Engineering and Technology">Maulana Azad College of Engineering and Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Patna" title="List of schools in Patna">Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Xavier%27s_High_School,_Patna" title="St. Xavier's High School, Patna">St. Xavier's High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Bosco_Academy,_Patna" title="Don Bosco Academy, Patna">Don Bosco Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_High_School,_Patna" title="St. Michael's High School, Patna">St. Michael's High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyola_High_School,_Patna" title="Loyola High School, Patna">Loyola High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Public_School,_Patna" title="Delhi Public School, Patna">Delhi Public School, Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAV_Public_School,_BSEB_Colony,_Patna" class="mw-redirect" title="DAV Public School, BSEB Colony, Patna">DAV BSEB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports complex</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moin-ul-Haq_Stadium" title="Moin-ul-Haq Stadium">Moin-ul-Haq Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Golf_Club" title="Patna Golf Club">Patna Golf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patliputra_Sports_Complex" title="Patliputra Sports Complex">Patliputra Sports Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urja_Stadium" title="Urja Stadium">Urja Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Patna#Shopping" title="List of tourist attractions in Patna">Shopping complex</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Lok" title="Maurya Lok">Maurya Lok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%26M_Mall" title="P&M Mall">P&M Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mall,_Patna" title="The Mall, Patna">The Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Patna" class="mw-redirect" title="List of shopping malls in Patna">List of shopping malls in Patna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clubs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Golf_Club" title="Patna Golf Club">Patna Golf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankipore_Club" title="Bankipore Club">Bankipore Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotary Club">Rotary Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lions_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Lions Club">Lions Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/350th_Prakash_Parv" title="350th Prakash Parv">350th Prakash Parv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patliputra_Natya_Mahotsav" title="Patliputra Natya Mahotsav">Patliputra Natya Mahotsav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Sahib_Mahotsav" title="Patna Sahib Mahotsav">Patna Sahib Mahotsav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhartiya_Nritya_Kala_Mandir" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhartiya Nritya Kala Mandir">Bhartiya Nritya Kala Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalidas_Rangalaya" title="Kalidas Rangalaya">Kalidas Rangalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premchand_Rangshala" class="mw-redirect" title="Premchand Rangshala">Premchand Rangshala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindra_Parishad" title="Rabindra Parishad">Rabindra Parishad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks & grounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eco_Park,_Patna" title="Eco Park, Patna">Eco Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Gandhi_Jaivik_Udyan" title="Sanjay Gandhi Jaivik Udyan">Patna Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_Smriti_Park" title="Buddha Smriti Park">Buddha Smriti Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funtasia_Water_Park" title="Funtasia Water Park">Funtasia Water Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Maidan" title="Gandhi Maidan">Gandhi Maidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardinge_Park" title="Hardinge Park">Hardinge Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constituencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Sahib_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patna Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)"> Patna Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pataliputra_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pataliputra (Lok Sabha constituency)">Pataliputra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Legislative_Assembly" title="Bihar Legislative Assembly">Vidhan Sabha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumhrar_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumhrar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Kumhrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digha_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Digha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Digha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankipur_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Bankipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danapur_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Danapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Danapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Sahib_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patna Sahib (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Patna Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulwari_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phulwari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Phulwari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Film_Festival" title="Patna Film Festival">Patna Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Book_Fair" title="Patna Book Fair">Patna Book Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Patna" title="List of people from Patna">People from Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Patna" title="List of tourist attractions in Patna">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Regiment" title="Bihar Regiment">Bihar Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Bihar" title="Media in Bihar">Media in Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarumitra" title="Tarumitra">Tarumitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_30" title="Super 30">Super 30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Patna" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Patna">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Patna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rajgir" title="Rajgir">Rajgir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalanda_University" title="Nalanda University">Nalanda University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajgir_Mahotsav" title="Rajgir Mahotsav">Rajgir Mahotsav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonepur_Cattle_Fair" title="Sonepur Cattle Fair">Sonepur Cattle Fair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Patna" title="Category:Patna">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Patna" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Patna">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tourist_attractions_in_Patna" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tourist_attractions_in_Patna" title="Template:Tourist attractions in Patna"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tourist_attractions_in_Patna" title="Template talk:Tourist attractions in Patna"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tourist_attractions_in_Patna" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tourist attractions in Patna"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tourist_attractions_in_Patna" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Patna" title="List of tourist attractions in Patna">Tourist attractions in Patna</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Patna" title="History of Patna">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Didarganj_Yakshi" title="Didarganj Yakshi">Didarganj Yakshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumhrar" title="Kumhrar">Kumhrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agam_Kuan" title="Agam Kuan">Agam Kuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Patna#The_British_Raj" title="History of Patna">Colonial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golghar" title="Golghar">Golghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_High_Court" title="Patna High Court">Patna High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Secretariat" title="Patna Secretariat">Secretariat Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagholkothi" title="Nagholkothi">Nagholkothi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padri_Ki_Haveli" title="Padri Ki Haveli">Padri Ki Haveli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganga River</a> banks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Ghat" title="Gandhi Ghat">Gandhi Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaighat,_Patna" title="Gaighat, Patna">Gaighat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious complex</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahavir_Mandir" title="Mahavir Mandir">Mahavir Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patan_Devi" title="Patan Devi">Patan Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Patna_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Patna Sahib">Takht Sri Patna Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Guru_ka_Bagh" title="Gurdwara Guru ka Bagh">Gurdwara Guru ka Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Gai_Ghat" title="Gurdwara Gai Ghat">Gurdwara Gai Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Handi_Sahib" title="Gurdwara Handi Sahib">Gurdwara Handi Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Gobind_Ghat" title="Gurdwara Gobind Ghat">Gurdwara Gobind Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Bal_Lila_Maini_Sangat" title="Gurdwara Bal Lila Maini Sangat">Gurdwara Bal Lila Maini Sangat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maner_Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="Maner Sharif">Maner Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathar_Ki_Mosque" title="Pathar Ki Mosque">Pathar Ki Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri_Mosque" title="Sher Shah Suri Mosque">Sher Shah Suri Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padri_Ki_Haveli" title="Padri Ki Haveli">St. Mary's Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maidans/parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_Smriti_Park" title="Buddha Smriti Park">Buddha Smriti Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco_Park,_Patna" title="Eco Park, Patna">Eco Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Maidan" title="Gandhi Maidan">Gandhi Maidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardinge_Park" title="Hardinge Park">Hardinge Park</a></li> <li>Congress Maidan</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infotainment complex</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Museum" title="Bihar Museum">Bihar Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Gandhi_Jaivik_Udyan" title="Sanjay Gandhi Jaivik Udyan">Sanjay Gandhi Jaivik Udyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabhyata_Dwar" title="Sabhyata Dwar">Sabhyata Dwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Planetarium" title="Indira Gandhi Planetarium">Indira Gandhi Planetarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Museum" title="Patna Museum">Patna Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrikrishna_Science_Centre" title="Shrikrishna Science Centre">Shrikrishna Science Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalan_Museum" title="Jalan Museum">Jalan Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings and structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Setu" title="Mahatma Gandhi Setu">Mahatma Gandhi Setu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Prakash_Narayan_Airport" title="Jay Prakash Narayan Airport">Patna Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Krishna_Memorial_Hall" title="Shri Krishna Memorial Hall">Shri Krishna Memorial Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuda_Bakhsh_Oriental_Library" title="Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library">Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaheed_Smarak_Patna" title="Shaheed Smarak Patna">Shaheed Smarak Patna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Museum" title="Patna Museum">Patna Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Museum" title="Bihar Museum">Bihar Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalan_Museum" title="Jalan Museum">Jalan Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Sangrahalaya,_Patna" title="Gandhi Sangrahalaya, Patna">Gandhi Sangrahalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Smriti_Sangrahalaya" title="Rajendra Smriti Sangrahalaya">Rajendra Smriti Sangrahalaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Excursion" title="Excursion">Excursions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sasaram" title="Sasaram">Sasaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maner_Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="Maner Sharif">Maner Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Sharif" title="Bihar Sharif">Bihar Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulwari_Sharif" title="Phulwari Sharif">Phulwari Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajipur" title="Hajipur">Hajipur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places near Patna</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaya,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaya, India">Gaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishali_district" title="Vaishali district">Vaishali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawapuri" title="Pawapuri">Pawapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nalanda">Nalanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajgir" title="Rajgir">Rajgir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maner_Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="Maner Sharif">Maner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Patna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India" title="Template:State and Union Territory capitals of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India" title="Template talk:State and Union Territory capitals of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:State and Union Territory capitals of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State and Union Territory</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">capitals</a> of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizawl" title="Aizawl">Aizawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaravati" title="Amaravati">Amaravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daman,_India" title="Daman, India">Daman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispur" title="Dispur">Dispur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhinagar" title="Gandhinagar">Gandhinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itanagar" title="Itanagar">Itanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil" title="Kargil">Kargil</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavaratti" title="Kavaratti">Kavaratti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohima" title="Kohima">Kohima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leh" title="Leh">Leh</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Pondicherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Blair" title="Port Blair">Port Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizawl" title="Aizawl">Aizawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaravati" title="Amaravati">Amaravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgaum" title="Belgaum">Belgaum</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhararisain" title="Bhararisain">Bhararisain</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharamshala" title="Dharamshala">Dharamshala</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhinagar" title="Gandhinagar">Gandhinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itanagar" title="Itanagar">Itanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohima" title="Kohima">Kohima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Pondicherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porvorim" title="Porvorim">Porvorim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judicial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaravati" title="Amaravati">Amaravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilaspur,_Chhattisgarh" title="Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh">Bilaspur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nainital" title="Nainital">Nainital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> (summer)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Template:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Template talk:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India" title="List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India">Million-plus agglomerations</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Zonal_Council" title="Northern Zonal Council">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li>Haryana: <a href="/wiki/Faridabad" title="Faridabad">Faridabad</a></li> <li>Jammu and Kashmir: <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a></li> <li>Punjab: <a href="/wiki/Ludhiana" title="Ludhiana">Ludhiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a></li> <li>Rajasthan: <a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota,_Rajasthan" title="Kota, Rajasthan">Kota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Zonal_Council" title="Central Zonal Council">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chhattisgarh: <a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhilai" title="Bhilai">Bhilai</a></li> <li>Madhya Pradesh: <a href="/wiki/Indore" title="Indore">Indore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a></li> <li>Uttar Pradesh:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaziabad" title="Ghaziabad">Ghaziabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meerut" title="Meerut">Meerut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Zonal_Council" title="Eastern Zonal Council">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bihar: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Patna</a></li> <li>Jharkhand: <a href="/wiki/Jamshedpur" title="Jamshedpur">Jamshedpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanbad" title="Dhanbad">Dhanbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li>West Bengal: <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asansol" title="Asansol">Asansol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Zonal_Council" title="Western Zonal Council">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gujarat: <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadodara" title="Vadodara">Vadodara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajkot" title="Rajkot">Rajkot</a></li> <li>Maharashtra: <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Vasai-Virar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad" title="Aurangabad">Aurangabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Zonal_Council" title="Southern Zonal Council">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Andhra Pradesh: <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayawada" title="Vijayawada">Vijayawada</a></li> <li>Karnataka: <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li>Kerala: <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malappuram" title="Malappuram">Malappuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a></li> <li>Tamil Nadu: <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli">Tiruchirappalli</a></li> <li>Telangana: <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_and_towns_in_Patna_Division" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Patna_Division" title="Template:Patna Division"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Patna_Division" title="Template talk:Patna Division"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Patna_Division" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Patna Division"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_and_towns_in_Patna_Division" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cities and towns in <a href="/wiki/Patna_division" title="Patna division">Patna Division</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bhojpur_district,_India" title="Bhojpur district, India">Bhojpur district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrah" title="Arrah">Arrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behea" class="mw-redirect" title="Behea">Behea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koilwar" title="Koilwar">Koilwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piro,_Bhojpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Piro, Bhojpur">Piro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahpur,_Bihar" title="Shahpur, Bihar">Shahpur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buxar_district" title="Buxar district">Buxar district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buxar" title="Buxar">Buxar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumraon" title="Dumraon">Dumraon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunathpur,_Buxar" title="Raghunathpur, Buxar">Raghunathpur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kaimur_district" title="Kaimur district">Kaimur district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhabua" title="Bhabua">Bhabua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudra" title="Kudra">Kudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohania" title="Mohania">Mohania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramgarh,_Bihar" title="Ramgarh, Bihar">Ramgarh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patna_district" title="Patna district">Patna district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badalpura" title="Badalpura">Badalpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakhtiarpur" title="Bakhtiarpur">Bakhtiarpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barh" title="Barh">Barh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihta" title="Bihta">Bihta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikram,_Patna" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikram, Patna">Bikram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danapur" title="Danapur">Danapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinapur_Cantonment" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinapur Cantonment">Dinapur Cantonment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatuha" title="Fatuha">Fatuha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasanchak" title="Hasanchak">Hasanchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khagaul" title="Khagaul">Khagaul </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khusrupur" title="Khusrupur">Khusrupur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maner" class="mw-redirect" title="Maner">Maner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maner_Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="Maner Sharif">Maner Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masaurhi" title="Masaurhi">Masaurhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokama" title="Mokama">Mokameh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadwan,_Patna" title="Nadwan, Patna">Nadwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paliganj" title="Paliganj">Paliganj</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulwari_Sharif" title="Phulwari Sharif">Phulwari Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pundarakh" title="Pundarakh">Pundarakh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rohtas_district" title="Rohtas district">Rohtas district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banjari,_Bihar" title="Banjari, Bihar">Banjari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikramganj" title="Bikramganj">Bikramganj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenari_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chenari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Chenari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmianagar" title="Dalmianagar">Dalmianagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehri" title="Dehri">Dehri on Sone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koath" title="Koath">Koath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokha,_Rohtas" title="Nokha, Rohtas">Nokha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasaram" title="Sasaram">Sasaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilouthu" title="Tilouthu">Tilouthu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nalanda_district" title="Nalanda district">Nalanda district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Sharif" title="Bihar Sharif">Bihar Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilsa,_Bihar" title="Hilsa, Bihar">Hilsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekangarsarai" title="Ekangarsarai">Ekangarsarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islampur,_Nalanda" title="Islampur, Nalanda">Islampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawapuri" title="Pawapuri">Pawapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajgir" title="Rajgir">Rajgir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silao,_Nalanda" title="Silao, Nalanda">Silao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harnaut" title="Harnaut">Harnaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandi,_Bihar" title="Chandi, Bihar">Chandi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_State_of_Bihar" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bihar" title="Template:Bihar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bihar" title="Template talk:Bihar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bihar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bihar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_State_of_Bihar" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Bihar_Government_Banner.png/23px-Bihar_Government_Banner.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Bihar_Government_Banner.png/35px-Bihar_Government_Banner.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Bihar_Government_Banner.png/45px-Bihar_Government_Banner.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Patna</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Animal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gaur" title="Gaur">Gaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a>: <a href="/wiki/House_sparrow" title="House sparrow">House sparrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tagetes" title="Tagetes">Marigolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sacred_fig" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred fig">Sacred fig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bihar" title="History of Bihar">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chhath" title="Chhath">Chhath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Videhas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of the Videhas">Kingdom of the Videhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janaka" title="Janaka">Janaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirand" title="Chirand">Chirand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadha_(Mahajanapada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadha (Mahajanapada)">Magadha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanda Empire">Nanda Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunga_Empire" title="Shunga Empire">Shunga Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanva_dynasty" title="Kanva dynasty">Kanva dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_Maurya" title="Chandragupta Maurya">Chandragupta Maurya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanakya" title="Chanakya">Chanakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindusara" title="Bindusara">Bindusara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India" title="History of Buddhism in India">Buddhism in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edicts_of_Ashoka" title="Edicts of Ashoka">Edicts of Ashoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samudragupta" title="Samudragupta">Samudragupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_II" title="Chandragupta II">Chandragupta II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Capital_of_Ashoka" title="Lion Capital of Ashoka">Lion Capital of Ashoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashoka_Chakra" title="Ashoka Chakra">Ashoka Chakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pataliputra" title="Pataliputra">Pataliputra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimbisara" title="Bimbisara">Bimbisara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajatashatru" title="Ajatashatru">Ajatashatru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anga" title="Anga">Anga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajgir#History" title="Rajgir">Rajgir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishali_(ancient_city)" title="Vaishali (ancient city)">Vaishali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryabhata" title="Aryabhata">Aryabhata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Arrah" title="Siege of Arrah">Siege of Arrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Darbhanga" title="Raj Darbhanga">Raj Darbhanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administration_in_Bihar" title="Administration in Bihar">Administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bihar" title="Government of Bihar">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Legislative_Assembly" title="Bihar Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Legislative_Council" title="Bihar Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Bihar" title="List of chief ministers of Bihar">Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Human_rights_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Bihar Human rights Commission">Human rights Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Bihar" title="List of governors of Bihar">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_High_Court" title="Patna High Court">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Police" title="Bihar Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Public_Service_Commission" title="Bihar Public Service Commission">Public Service Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Bihar" title="Category:Bihar">Overviews</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bihar" title="Cinema of Bihar">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Bihar" title="Climate of Bihar">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_cuisine" title="Bihari cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bihar" title="Demographics of Bihar">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bihar" title="Economy of Bihar">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bihar" title="Education in Bihar">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bihar" title="Geography of Bihar">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bihar" title="History of Bihar">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Bihar" title="Media in Bihar">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Bihar" title="List of people from Bihar">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bihar" title="Transport in Bihar">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bihar" title="Politics of Bihar">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Bihar" title="Tourism in Bihar">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Day" title="Bihar Day">State Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Bihar" title="Administrative divisions of Bihar">Divisions</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Bihar" title="List of districts of Bihar">districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagalpur_division" title="Bhagalpur division">Bhagalpur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banka_district" title="Banka district">Banka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagalpur_district" title="Bhagalpur district">Bhagalpur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darbhanga_division" title="Darbhanga division">Darbhanga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darbhanga_district" title="Darbhanga district">Darbhanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhubani_district" title="Madhubani district">Madhubani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samastipur_district" title="Samastipur district">Samastipur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosi_division" title="Kosi division">Kosi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madhepura_district" title="Madhepura district">Madhepura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saharsa_district" title="Saharsa district">Saharsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supaul_district" title="Supaul district">Supaul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadh_division" title="Magadh division">Magadh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arwal_district" title="Arwal district">Arwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad_district,_Bihar" title="Aurangabad district, Bihar">Aurangabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaya_district" title="Gaya district">Gaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehanabad_district" title="Jehanabad district">Jehanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawada_district" title="Nawada district">Nawada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munger_division" title="Munger division">Munger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Begusarai_district" title="Begusarai district">Begusarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamui_district" title="Jamui district">Jamui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khagaria_district" title="Khagaria district">Khagaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munger_district" title="Munger district">Munger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakhisarai_district" title="Lakhisarai district">Lakhisarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikhpura_district" title="Sheikhpura district">Sheikhpura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_division" title="Patna division">Patna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpur_district,_India" title="Bhojpur district, India">Bhojpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxar_district" title="Buxar district">Buxar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaimur_district" title="Kaimur district">Kaimur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalanda_district" title="Nalanda district">Nalanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna_district" title="Patna district">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohtas_district" title="Rohtas district">Rohtas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purnia_division" title="Purnia division">Purnia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araria_district" title="Araria district">Araria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katihar_district" title="Katihar district">Katihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishanganj_district" title="Kishanganj district">Kishanganj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purnia_district" title="Purnia district">Purnia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saran_division" title="Saran division">Saran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gopalganj_district,_India" title="Gopalganj district, India">Gopalganj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saran_district" title="Saran district">Saran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siwan_district" title="Siwan district">Siwan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhut_division" title="Tirhut division">Tirhut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Champaran_district" title="East Champaran district">East Champaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarpur_district" title="Muzaffarpur district">Muzaffarpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheohar_district" title="Sheohar district">Sheohar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitamarhi_district" title="Sitamarhi district">Sitamarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishali_district" title="Vaishali district">Vaishali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Champaran_district" title="West Champaran district">West Champaran</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Bihar_by_population" title="List of cities in Bihar by population">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaya_(India)" title="Gaya (India)">Gaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad,_Bihar" title="Aurangabad, Bihar">Aurangabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagalpur" title="Bhagalpur">Bhagalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarpur" title="Muzaffarpur">Muzaffarpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darbhanga" title="Darbhanga">Darbhanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purnia" title="Purnia">Purnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Sharif" title="Bihar Sharif">Bihar Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrah" title="Arrah">Arrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begusarai" title="Begusarai">Begusarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katihar" title="Katihar">Katihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munger" title="Munger">Munger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhapra" title="Chhapra">Chhapra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajipur" title="Hajipur">Hajipur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipal corporations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patna_Municipal_Corporation" title="Patna Municipal Corporation">Patna Municipal Corporation</a></li> <li>Chhapra Municipal Corporation</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bihar" title="Politics of Bihar">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bihar" title="Elections in Bihar">Elections in Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">JD-U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal" title="Rashtriya Janata Dal">RJD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Janshakti_Party" title="Lok Janshakti Party">LJP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Morcha" title="Rashtriya Lok Morcha">RLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_Awam_Morcha" title="Hindustani Awam Morcha">HAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_parties_in_Bihar" title="Category:Political parties in Bihar">Other political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bihari_culture" title="Bihari culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biharis" title="Biharis">Biharis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maithils" title="Maithils">Maithils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_people" title="Bhojpuri people">Bhojpuri people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magahi_culture" title="Magahi culture">Magahi people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhath" title="Chhath">Chhath Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_cuisine" title="Bihari cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_languages" title="Bihari languages">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bihar" title="Music of Bihar">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_culture#Performing_arts" title="Bihari culture">Art and craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bihar" title="Religion in Bihar">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar#Festivals" title="Bihar">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bihar" title="Cinema of Bihar">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_culture" title="Bihari culture">Culture of Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_culture#Angika_region" title="Bihari culture">Culture of Angika region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_culture#Bhojpuri_region" title="Bihari culture">Culture of Bhojpuri region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_culture#Magadh_region" title="Bihari culture">Culture of Magadh region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_culture#Maithili_region" title="Bihari culture">Culture of Maithili region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80484#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" 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navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4221553-5">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80034426">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152041086">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152041086">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007561912205171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/241572a7-9950-4f56-b1a7-d5d59d61aad6">MusicBrainz 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