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href="/wiki/Glossary_of_astrology" title="Glossary of astrology">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planets_in_astrology" title="Planets in astrology">Planets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behenian_fixed_star" title="Behenian fixed star">Behenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_planet" title="Classical planet">Classical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">Zodiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astrological_traditions,_types,_and_systems" title="List of astrological traditions, types, and systems">Traditions, types, and systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_science" title="Astrology and science">Astrology and science</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astrologers" title="List of astrologers">Astrologers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astrological_organizations" title="List of astrological organizations">Astrological organizations</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Traditions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_astrology" title="Babylonian astrology">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_astrology" title="Hellenistic astrology">Hellenistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_astrology" title="Hindu astrology">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astrology in the medieval Islamic world">Islamic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_astrology" title="Tibetan astrology">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_astrology" title="Western astrology">Western</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Branches</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natal_astrology" title="Natal astrology">Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electional_astrology" title="Electional astrology">Electional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horary_astrology" title="Horary astrology">Horary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_astrology" title="Medical astrology">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_astrology" title="Financial astrology">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locational_astrology" title="Locational astrology">Locational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_astrology" title="Psychological astrology">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrometeorology" title="Astrometeorology">Meteorological</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Astrological_sign" title="Astrological sign">Astrological signs</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aries_(astrology)" title="Aries (astrology)">Aries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurus_(astrology)" title="Taurus (astrology)">Taurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(astrology)" title="Gemini (astrology)">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancer_(astrology)" title="Cancer (astrology)">Cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_(astrology)" title="Leo (astrology)">Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgo_(astrology)" title="Virgo (astrology)">Virgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libra_(astrology)" title="Libra (astrology)">Libra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpio_(astrology)" title="Scorpio (astrology)">Scorpio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_(astrology)" title="Sagittarius (astrology)">Sagittarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capricorn_(astrology)" title="Capricorn (astrology)">Capricorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(astrology)" title="Aquarius (astrology)">Aquarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisces_(astrology)" title="Pisces (astrology)">Pisces</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Astrological_symbols" title="Astrological symbols">Symbols</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planet_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Planet symbols">Planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metals_of_antiquity" title="Metals of antiquity">Metals</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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Astrology in Jewish antiquity (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: מזלות, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: mazzalot) is the belief that celestial bodies can influence the affairs of individuals and of entire nations upon the earth. This involves the study of the celestial bodies' respective energies based on recurring patterns that change by the hour, by the week, month, year or by several years (time categories). In each of these time categories one of the seven planetary spheres, or what are known as the seven <a href="/wiki/Classical_planets" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical planets">classical planets</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>, along with the month's current <a href="/wiki/Zodiac_constellation" class="mw-redirect" title="Zodiac constellation">Zodiac constellation</a>, come into play and influence the sublunary world. At times, it involves a complex combination of several of these factors working together. In <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> this belief is expressed by the biblical affirmation: "Do you know the laws of heaven / Or impose its authority on earth?" (Job 38:33), from which statement the <a href="/wiki/Sages_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sages of Israel">Sages of Israel</a> have inferred, "There is no single herb below without its corresponding star above, that beats upon it and commands it to grow."<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Complementary to the records of past civilisations, the corpus of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_literature" title="Jewish literature">Jewish literature</a> has preserved many of the details instructive of the determining factors involved in rendering any astrological forecast,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> although astrology in terms of modern science is understood to be a <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rabbinic_belief">Rabbinic belief</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_astrology&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Rabbinic belief">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beit_alfa01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Beit_alfa01.jpg/250px-Beit_alfa01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Beit_alfa01.jpg/330px-Beit_alfa01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Beit_alfa01.jpg/500px-Beit_alfa01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="886" /></a><figcaption>5th-century <a href="/wiki/Zodiac_mosaics_in_ancient_synagogues" title="Zodiac mosaics in ancient synagogues">mosaic from Judea showing the signs of the Zodiac</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wimpel_from_Lengnau,1726.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Wimpel_from_Lengnau%2C1726.jpg/220px-Wimpel_from_Lengnau%2C1726.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Wimpel_from_Lengnau%2C1726.jpg/330px-Wimpel_from_Lengnau%2C1726.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Wimpel_from_Lengnau%2C1726.jpg/440px-Wimpel_from_Lengnau%2C1726.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2636" data-file-height="1446" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lengnau_Mappot" title="Lengnau Mappot">Lengnau wimpel</a> from 1726 showing a finely embroidered scorpion, in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Switzerland" title="Jewish Museum of Switzerland">Jewish Museum of Switzerland</a>. </figcaption></figure> A famous <a href="/wiki/Meme" title="Meme">meme</a> that underscores the importance with which Judaism views the influences of the horoscope is found in the <a href="/wiki/Idra" title="Idra">Idra</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a>:<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Everything is dependent upon mazzal (astral influences), even the <a href="/wiki/Torah_scroll" title="Torah scroll">Torah scroll</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Torah_ark" title="Torah ark">ark</a>. (הַכֹּל תָּלוּי בְּמַזָּל, וַאֲפִילּוּ סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה בָּהֵיכָל)</blockquote> In the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a>, a controversy is presented among the sages of Israel as to whether the changing signs of the zodiac affect a person's destiny. The supportive opinions are of <a href="/wiki/Joshua_ben_Levi" title="Joshua ben Levi">Joshua ben Levi</a>, who lists the types of people according to their various zodiac signs, and of <a href="/wiki/Hanina_bar_Hama" title="Hanina bar Hama">Hanina bar Hama</a>, who believes that the astrological constellations (mazzal) can make a person wise and can even make a person wealthy. Conversely, <a href="/wiki/Johanan_bar_Nappaha" title="Johanan bar Nappaha">Johanan bar Nappaha</a> held the view that "Israel is not bound by the effects of the changing horoscopes."<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> He assayed to bring proof from a verse taken from the prophet <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a>: "Learn not the way of the nations, nor be dismayed at the signs of the heavens because the nations are dismayed at them."<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The opinions of <a href="/wiki/Abba_Arikha" title="Abba Arikha">Abba Arikha</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_of_Nehardea" title="Samuel of Nehardea">Samuel of Nehardea</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Akiva" title="Rabbi Akiva">Rabbi Akiva</a>, however, seem to be supportive of applied astrology, even though the people of Israel are not bound by the influences of the constellations. Other rabbis have vaunted their knowledge of applied astrology. Said Samuel of Nehardea, "I know the pathways of heaven as I do the pathways of <a href="/wiki/Nehardea" title="Nehardea">Nehardea</a>, excepting the comet, about which I know nothing."<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">Rabbi Shimon ben Pazi reported that Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yehoshua_ben_Levi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yehoshua ben Levi">Yehoshua ben Levi</a> said in the name of <a href="/wiki/Bar_Kappara" title="Bar Kappara">Bar Kappara</a>: Anyone who knows how to calculate astronomical seasons and the movement of constellations and does not do so, the verse says about him: "They do not take notice of the work of God, and they do not see His handiwork" (Isaiah 5:12).<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></blockquote> In several places in the Talmud it is stated that every man has a celestial body (mazzal), i.e. a particular star which is his patron from conception and birth (Shabbat 53b; Baba Kama 2b) and which perceives things unknown to the man himself (Megillah 3a; Sanhedrin 94a).<a href="#cite_note-EncyclopaediaJudaica1973-11">[11]</a> Two people born under the same star are also said to have a bodily and spiritual kinship (Nedarim 39b; Baba Metzia 30b).<a href="#cite_note-EncyclopaediaJudaica1973-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rava_(amora)" title="Rava (amora)">Rava</a> says, "Duration of life, progeny, and subsistence are dependent upon the constellations."<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The great men of Israel in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, viz., <a href="/wiki/Saadia_Gaon" title="Saadia Gaon">Saadia Gaon</a>, in his commentary on the <a href="/wiki/Sefer_Yetzirah" title="Sefer Yetzirah">Sefer Yetzirah</a>; <a href="/wiki/Solomon_ibn_Gabirol" title="Solomon ibn Gabirol">Solomon ibn Gabirol</a> in his Keter Malkhut, and <a href="/wiki/Abraham_bar_Hiyya" title="Abraham bar Hiyya">Abraham bar Hiyya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nasi_(Hebrew_title)" title="Nasi (Hebrew title)">ha-Nasi</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abraham_ibn_Ezra" title="Abraham ibn Ezra">Abraham ibn Ezra</a> considered astrology to be true wisdom and even expressed this belief in their works.<a href="#cite_note-Sar-Shalom1984-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Judah_Halevi" title="Judah Halevi">Judah Halevi</a> also acknowledges in his <a href="/wiki/Magnum_opus" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnum opus">magnum opus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kuzari" title="Kuzari">Kuzari</a>, that the celestial bodies have an influence on earthly affairs, but does not admit that the astrologers have the ability to determine the mode of operation of the star systems on human beings and other living creatures in the terrestrial world.<a href="#cite_note-Sar-Shalom1984-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a>, who lived in the late twelfth century, took a more critical approach to the topic of astrology,<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> ruling that man was entirely incapable of foretelling futurities by observing the celestial bodies, especially if those same astrological formulae were faulty.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[a]</a> He, therefore, cancelled its practice altogether.<a href="#cite_note-Sar-Shalom1984-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> Among the early rabbis, Maimonides was the sole rabbinic antagonist of such practices.<a href="#cite_note-Sar-Shalom1984-14">[14]</a> One of his contemporaries and disputants, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_ben_David" title="Abraham ben David">Abraham ben David</a>, in his glosses to Maimonides' <a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a> (Hil. Teshuvah 5:5), asserts the influence of the stars upon <a href="/wiki/Destiny" title="Destiny">destiny</a>, while contending that by faith in God man may overcome this influence.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Chaim_Luzzatto" title="Moshe Chaim Luzzatto">Moshe Chaim Luzzatto</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a> and although never actually having used his knowledge of the occult to foretell futurities, speaks about the influences of the stars in his book, Derekh Hashem (II, chapter 7 – The Influence of Stars).<a href="#cite_note-21">[b]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proscription_against_idolatry">Proscription against idolatry</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_astrology&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Proscription against idolatry">edit</a>]</div> The rabbis have distinguished between gaining an occult knowledge of the stars' influences on human beings (which is permitted) and the actual worshipping of the stars (which is prohibited), a view that is also met with the Scripture; cf. [the stars and all the host of heaven] "which the Lord thy God hath divided unto all nations" (Deut. 4:19), that is to say, the stars, which God appointed to be the means of governing His creatures, and not the objects of man's worship.<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Midrash_HaGadol" title="Midrash HaGadol">Midrash HaGadol</a> (on Deuteronomy 4:19) clarifies what is meant by, "[And beware] lest you raise your eyes to heaven, etc." It is hereby inferred that you are not to say, 'since these stars and constellations govern the world, and they provide light unto the entire universe, and they serve before their Creator on High, it is fitting that we serve them and bow down unto them, just as the king would want [all] human beings to behave with respect towards his servants and ministers.' For this reason it says, lest you raise your eyes to heaven, beware that you do not err in this manner, on account of what [is written], which the Lord thy God hath divided unto all nations. They (i.e. the astrological horoscopes) have been delivered into the hands of the nations, so that they may live [thereby] and their beings be sustained [thereby], [without] suffering loss, as is the custom of the world. But you (i.e. the nation of Israel) have been given over to me, and I do not behave towards you as is customarily practised with all the world, as it says, But the Lord has taken you (Deut. 4:20), etc. Likewise he says, Learn not the way of the nations, nor be dismayed at the signs of the heavens; for the gentiles are dismayed at them (Jer. 10:2). The nations of the world are alarmed by them, but Israel is not alarmed by them."<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> A similar theme is found in other rabbinic literature concerning <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham the patriarch</a>, who, although wise in the astrological sciences,<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> and who saw thereby that he would not beget any children, was reprimanded by God who said to him: "Break away from your astrological speculations, for [the people of] Israel are not bound by the influences of the horoscope."<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> By this <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a> learnt that through prayers, repentance and meritorious deeds (sometimes also through a change of name), they are able to alter what has been determined for them.<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> The people of Israel are prohibited by Jewish law to consult the astrologers and star-gazers for guidance, but are commanded to be perfect<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> in their awe of God and to consult him for guidance, even when they are told by astrologers what might happen.<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Astral_influences_and_how_they_are_determined">Astral influences and how they are determined</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_astrology&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Astral influences and how they are determined">edit</a>]</div> The day is divided into 12 equal hours. The night, likewise, is divided into 12 equal hours. In both cases, the method of configuration used in measuring the hour is known as the <a href="/wiki/Relative_hour" title="Relative hour">Relative hour</a>. To determine the length of each relative hour, one needs but simply know two variables: (a) the precise time of sunrise, and (b) the precise time of sunset. Although in Talmudic literature one begins to reckon the beginning of a day some 72 minutes before sunrise and where each day ends 13½ minutes after the sun has already set, here, in the case of astrological computations, it was only necessary to reckon the day from the moment of sunrise.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a>, however, alludes to the day beginning at dawn (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style>עמוד השחר‎).<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> By collecting the total number of minutes in any given day (from daylight hours) and dividing the total number of minutes by 12, the quotient that one is left with is the number of minutes to each hour. In summer months, when the days are long, the length of each hour during daytime can be as much as 77 minutes or more, whereas the length of each hour during nighttime can be less than 42 minutes. To each hour of the day and night is assigned one of the <a href="/wiki/Classical_planet" title="Classical planet">seven planets</a> or spheres, which same planet governs the world during that hour. The names of these planets are: <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> (shabtai), <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> (nogah), <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> (tzedek), <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> (kokhav), <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> (ma'adim), <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> (levanah) and the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> (ḥamah). [Note: The ancients conceived that there were only seven primary planets. The moon, although a satellite rather than a planet, was also numbered among them; the sun, which is a <a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">star</a> rather than a planet, was also numbered among them. The earth was not numbered among them since it was central to the rest. <a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a>, as well as the other recently discovered planets and satellites, were not known to the ancients, and therefore are considered trivial to the rest].<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSben-33">[31]</a> The star or planet that begins the first <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diurnal#Adjective" class="extiw" title="wikt:diurnal">diurnal</a> hour of a particular weekday, or the first nocturnal hour of a particular weeknight, it is the same star or planet that broadly governs that entire day or night.<a href="#cite_note-Adeni-stars-34">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[c]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Number </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_month" title="Lunar month">Lunar month</a> </th> <th scope="col">Zodiac (Hebrew) </th> <th scope="col">Zodiac (Latin) </th> <th scope="col">No. of days </th> <th scope="col">Composition </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan">Nisan</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />טלה‎, (ṭaleh)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aries_(astrology)" title="Aries (astrology)">Aries</a> (nature: fire)<a href="#cite_note-Ad1992-37">[34]</a></td> <td>30 days</td> <td>represented by 13 stars<a href="#cite_note-Adeni-stars2-38">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iyar" title="Iyar">Iyar</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שור‎, (shor)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taurus_(astrology)" title="Taurus (astrology)">Taurus</a> (nature: earth)<a href="#cite_note-Ad1992-37">[34]</a></td> <td>29 days</td> <td>represented by 33 stars<a href="#cite_note-Adeni-stars2-38">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sivan" title="Sivan">Sivan</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />תאומים‎, (te’umim)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(astrology)" title="Gemini (astrology)">Gemini</a> (nature: wind)<a href="#cite_note-Ad1992-37">[34]</a></td> <td>30 days</td> <td>represented by 18 stars<a href="#cite_note-Adeni-stars2-38">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tammuz_(Hebrew_month)" title="Tammuz (Hebrew month)">Tammuz</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />סרטן‎, (sarṭan)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cancer_(astrology)" title="Cancer (astrology)">Cancer</a> (nature: water)<a href="#cite_note-Ad1992-37">[34]</a></td> <td>29 days</td> <td>represented by 9 stars<a href="#cite_note-Adeni-stars2-38">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Av_(month)" title="Av (month)">Av</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />אריה‎, (arieh)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leo_(astrology)" title="Leo (astrology)">Leo</a> (nature: fire)<a href="#cite_note-Ad1992-37">[34]</a></td> <td>30 days</td> <td>represented by 60 stars<a href="#cite_note-Adeni-stars2-38">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elul" title="Elul">Elul</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />בתולה‎, (betulah)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virgo_(astrology)" title="Virgo (astrology)">Virgo</a> (nature: earth)<a href="#cite_note-Ad1992-37">[34]</a></td> <td>29 days</td> <td>represented by 25 stars<a href="#cite_note-Adeni-stars2-38">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tishrei" title="Tishrei">Tishri</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאזנים‎, (moznayim)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Libra_(astrology)" title="Libra (astrology)">Libra</a> (nature: wind)<a href="#cite_note-Ad1992-37">[34]</a></td> <td>30 days</td> <td>represented by 8 stars<a href="#cite_note-Adeni-stars2-38">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cheshvan" title="Cheshvan">Cheshvan</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />עקרב‎, (ʻaḳrab)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scorpio_(astrology)" title="Scorpio (astrology)">Scorpio</a> (nature: water)<a href="#cite_note-Ad1992-37">[34]</a></td> <td>29 days<a href="#cite_note-39">[d]</a></td> <td>represented by 21 stars<a href="#cite_note-Adeni-stars2-38">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kislev" title="Kislev">Kislev</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />קשת‎, (ḳeshet)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_(astrology)" title="Sagittarius (astrology)">Sagittarius</a> (nature: fire)<a href="#cite_note-Ad1992-37">[34]</a></td> <td>30 days<a href="#cite_note-40">[e]</a></td> <td>represented by 31 stars<a href="#cite_note-Adeni-stars2-38">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tevet" title="Tevet">Tevet</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />גדי‎, (ğedi)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Capricorn_(astrology)" title="Capricorn (astrology)">Capricorn</a> (nature: earth)<a href="#cite_note-Ad1992-37">[34]</a></td> <td>29 days</td> <td>represented by 28 stars<a href="#cite_note-Adeni-stars2-38">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shevat" title="Shevat">Shevat</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />דלי‎, (deli)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(astrology)" title="Aquarius (astrology)">Aquarius</a> (nature: wind)<a href="#cite_note-Ad1992-37">[34]</a></td> <td>30 days</td> <td>represented by 42 stars<a href="#cite_note-Adeni-stars2-38">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adar" title="Adar">Adar</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />דגים‎, (dagim)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pisces_(astrology)" title="Pisces (astrology)">Pisces</a> (nature: water)<a href="#cite_note-Ad1992-37">[34]</a></td> <td>29 days<a href="#cite_note-41">[f]</a></td> <td>represented by 34 stars<a href="#cite_note-Adeni-stars2-38">[35]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> The observance and reckoning of the movements of the 12 constellations are believed by some scholars to have been learnt from <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Judaism" title="Hellenistic Judaism">Hellenistic</a> culture, after first being divested of influences that were deemed idolatrous.<a href="#cite_note-42">[36]</a> Accordingly, it was believed that God determined that each of the seven planets be subordinate to the twelve <a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">constellations of the Zodiac</a>, and work in conjunction with them. For example, the Sun is directly subservient to the influences emanating from the constellation known as <a href="/wiki/Leo_(astrology)" title="Leo (astrology)">Leo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSben-33">[31]</a> while the Moon is subservient to the influences emanating from the constellation known as <a href="/wiki/Cancer_(astrology)" title="Cancer (astrology)">Cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSben-33">[31]</a> Mars is subservient to the influences emanating from two constellations, namely, <a href="/wiki/Aries_(astrology)" title="Aries (astrology)">Aries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scorpio_(astrology)" title="Scorpio (astrology)">Scorpio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSben-33">[31]</a> The planet Venus is also subservient to the influences emanating from two constellations, namely, <a href="/wiki/Taurus_(astrology)" title="Taurus (astrology)">Taurus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Libra_(astrology)" title="Libra (astrology)">Libra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSben-33">[31]</a> The planet Mercury is, likewise, subservient to two constellations, drawing its influences from them, namely, that of <a href="/wiki/Gemini_(astrology)" title="Gemini (astrology)">Gemini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virgo_(astrology)" title="Virgo (astrology)">Virgo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSben-33">[31]</a> The planet Saturn is subservient to two constellations, those being <a href="/wiki/Capricorn_(astrology)" title="Capricorn (astrology)">Capricorn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(astrology)" title="Aquarius (astrology)">Aquarius</a>, whence it draws its influences.<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSben-33">[31]</a> Finally, the planet Jupiter is directly subordinate to the influences emanating from <a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_(astrology)" title="Sagittarius (astrology)">Sagittarius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pisces_(astrology)" title="Pisces (astrology)">Pisces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSben-33">[31]</a> Weekly duties (by night): Each of the seven planets takes turn governing one day of the week, with the active involvement of all the planets on that same day working in concert, hour after hour, day by day, night by night, such that on the evening that commences <a href="/wiki/Sunday" title="Sunday">Sunday</a> (i.e. Saturday night),<a href="#cite_note-43">[37]</a> the night is governed by Mercury (kokhav), which begins its turn of duty in the first hour of the night, followed by all the other planets one after the other.<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSben-33">[31]</a> On the evening that commences <a href="/wiki/Monday" title="Monday">Monday</a> (i.e. Sunday night), the night is governed by Jupiter (tzedek), which begins its turn of duty in the first hour of the night, followed by all the other planets one after the other. And so it is in this manner all throughout the week, the evening that commences <a href="/wiki/Tuesday" title="Tuesday">Tuesday</a> (i.e. Monday night) is governed by Venus (nogah); the evening that commences <a href="/wiki/Wednesday" title="Wednesday">Wednesday</a> (i.e. Tuesday night) is governed by Saturn (shabtai);<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSben-33">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rashi-44">[38]</a> the evening that commences <a href="/wiki/Thursday" title="Thursday">Thursday</a> (i.e. Wednesday night) is governed by the Sun (ḥamah);<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSben-33">[31]</a> the evening that commences <a href="/wiki/Friday" title="Friday">Friday</a> (i.e. Thursday night) is governed by the Moon (levanah);<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSben-33">[31]</a> the evening that commences <a href="/wiki/Saturday" title="Saturday">Saturday</a> (i.e. Friday night) is governed by Mars (ma'adim).<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSben-33">[31]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mnemonic" title="Mnemonic">mnemonic</a> used to denote this order is <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כצנ"ש חל"ם‎.<a href="#cite_note-Rashi-44">[38]</a> Hourly duties: Since each planet takes its turn of duty in the 12-hour night, the order taken in their hourly rotation is as follows: When Mercury (kokhav) finishes the 1st hour of the night, it is joined by the Moon (levanah) who takes up the 2nd hour of the night, followed by Saturn (shabtai) who takes up the 3rd hour of the night, followed by Jupiter (tzedek) who takes up the 4th hour of the night, followed by Mars (ma'adim) who takes up the 5th hour of the night, followed by the Sun (ḥamah) whose influence takes up the 6th hour of the night, followed by Venus (nogah) who takes up the 7th hour of the night, and in this order it is repeated until the 12-hour night has concluded for each of the seven nights.<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSben-33">[31]</a> This hourly rotation is denoted by the <a href="/wiki/Mnemonic" title="Mnemonic">mnemonic</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כל"ש צמח"ן‎.<a href="#cite_note-45">[39]</a> Fixing their rotation in such a way, hour by hour, was seen as vital in order to determine the character of the child who is born at any given hour of the night, based on the hour's acting "mazzal" (astrological influence), in accordance with the principle laid out by Rabbi Hanina: "Not the constellation of the day but that of the hour is the determining influence."<a href="#cite_note-46">[40]</a> Weekly duties (by day): As in the night, so, too, each of the 12-hour weekdays has a set order pre-determined for it, while each of the seven planets rotating and serving in its respective hour. However, the planet that began to serve in the first hour of the night is not the same planet that begins in the first hour of the day. During the weekdays, the first hour of the first day of the week (Sunday), starts with the influences of the Sun (hence: Sunday); the first hour of the second day of the week (Monday) starts with the influences of the Moon (hence: Monday); the first hour of the third day of the week (Tuesday) with Mars, and the first hour of the fourth day of the week (Wednesday) with Mercury, while the first hour of the fifth day of the week (Thursday) with Jupiter, and the first hour of the sixth day of the week (Friday) with Venus, and lastly, the first hour of the seventh day of the week (Saturday) with Saturn. The mnemonic used to denote this order is <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חל"ם כצנ"ש‎.<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSben-33">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[41]</a> Hourly duties: When the Sun finishes the 1st hour of the day on Sunday, it is joined by Venus who takes up the 2nd hour of the day on Sunday, followed by Mercury who takes up the 3rd hour of the day on Sunday, followed by the Moon whose influence takes up the 4th hour of the day on Sunday, followed by Saturn who takes up the 5th hour of the day on Sunday, followed by Jupiter who takes up the 6th hour of the day on Sunday, followed by Mars who takes up the 7th hour of the day on Sunday, and in this order it is repeated until the 12-hour day has concluded.<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSben-33">[31]</a> Again, fixing their rotation in such a way, hour by hour, was seen as vital in order to determine the character of the child who is born at any given hour of the day. The mnemonic used by the Sages of Israel to remember their order of rotation is <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שצ"ם חנכ"ל‎ = ShaTzaM ḤaNKaL (shabtai [= Saturn] <big>→</big> tzedek [= Jupiter] <big>→</big> ma'adim [= Mars] <big>→</big> ḥamah [= Sun] <big>→</big> nogah [= Venus] <big>→</big> kokhav [= Mercury] <big>→</big> levanah [= Moon]).<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSben-33">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rashi-44">[38]</a> Although each of the seven planets will rotate one after the other on an hourly basis, whether by day or whether by night, it is only the planet or orb that began to serve in the first hour, whether by day or whether by night, that is considered the principal planet and master of that entire day (if it began its turn of duty in the first hour of the day), or the principal planet and master of that entire night (if it began its turn of duty in the first hour of the night).<a href="#cite_note-48">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[g]</a> The participation of all the other planets on that same day or that same night is inconsequential to the fact that the mazzal (= astral influences) for that day, or what is called mazzal yom, belongs to the planet that began serving in the first hour of the day, or in the first hour of the night, while the other planets are only concerned with their specific hour, or what is called mazzal sha'ah.<a href="#cite_note-50">[43]</a> Since the Moon begins its turn of duty in the first hour of every Monday morning, and Jupiter begins its turn of duty in the first hour of every Thursday morning, and since both these planets are considered planets possessing good influences, it follows that <a href="/wiki/Monday" title="Monday">Mondays</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thursday" title="Thursday">Thursdays</a> are considered auspicious days in the Jewish calendar.<a href="#cite_note-51">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energies_emanating_from_the_seven_classical_planets">Energies emanating from the seven classical planets</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_astrology&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Energies emanating from the seven classical planets">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Number </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Classical_planet" title="Classical planet">Classical planet</a> </th> <th scope="col">Hebrew name </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Clime" title="Clime">Clime</a> (chief sphere of influence) </th> <th scope="col">Birth qualities (for those born under its star) </th> <th scope="col">Worldwide influences </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah)</td> <td>7th clime<a href="#cite_note-Ben_Isaiah1983-52">[45]</a></td> <td>Those born under its influences, such as those born on either the day of <a href="/wiki/Monday" title="Monday">Monday</a> or on the night of Friday, are apt to be dull; lacking understanding.<a href="#cite_note-Ben_Isaiah1983-52">[45]</a> Inclined to find favor and love in the eyes of others, or else show the same to others.<a href="#cite_note-Havatzelet1990-53">[46]</a> Able to bear patiently illnesses; builds and tears down and vice-versa.<a href="#cite_note-TalmudShabbat156a-54">[47]</a></td> <td>Cold and humidity are under its influences.<a href="#cite_note-Havatzelet1990-53">[46]</a> Its virtue is to act with its light on the trees and plants; tidal waves of the sea controlled by moon's waning and waxing; preserves moisture in plants and animals towards the end of its <a href="/wiki/Synodic_month" class="mw-redirect" title="Synodic month">lunation</a>, during which time women are best able to conceive<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSamuel1997-55">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav)</td> <td>6th clime<a href="#cite_note-Nethanel1983-56">[49]</a></td> <td>Those born under this star, either on the day of <a href="/wiki/Wednesday" title="Wednesday">Wednesday</a> or on the night of Sunday, will have teaching abilities,<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSamuel1997-55">[48]</a> and an analytical mind, such as needed to perform special skills and artistic talents.<a href="#cite_note-Nethanel1983-56">[49]</a> Having a strong inclination towards wisdom, prudence and good understanding.<a href="#cite_note-Havatzelet1990-53">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-TalmudShabbat156a-54">[47]</a></td> <td>Awakens in the world strife and contentions and enmities, as well as gossip, but also gives strength to do virtuously and to heap up wealth and riches, as well as provisions. Its influences work both good and bad.<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSamuel1997-55">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah)</td> <td>5th clime<a href="#cite_note-Nethanel1983-56">[49]</a></td> <td>Those persons born under this star, either on the day of <a href="/wiki/Friday" title="Friday">Friday</a> or on the night of Tuesday, will be of a beautiful countenance and will find favor among others, and will have a comely manner of speech.<a href="#cite_note-Nethanel1983-56">[49]</a> They are strongly motivated by desire, happiness and joy.<a href="#cite_note-Havatzelet1990-53">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-TalmudShabbat156a-54">[47]</a></td> <td>Cold is under its influences.<a href="#cite_note-Havatzelet1990-53">[46]</a> Awakens in the world tranquility and calm, happiness and rejoicing, carols and joyful songs, the merriment associated with weddings, while binding together all fruitful produce and other flora, its influences being utterly good.<a href="#cite_note-AdaniSamuel1997-55">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah)</td> <td>4th clime<a href="#cite_note-Nethanel1983-56">[49]</a></td> <td>Those persons born under this star, meaning, born either on the day of <a href="/wiki/Sunday" title="Sunday">Sunday</a> or on the night of Thursday, will attain to a higher level of virtue than their ancestors.<a href="#cite_note-Nethanel1983-56">[49]</a> Those born under its influences have a propensity for greatness, personal elevation and prideful arrogance.<a href="#cite_note-Havatzelet1990-53">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-TalmudShabbat156a-54">[47]</a></td> <td>Renews wonders in the world, whether for abundance or for privation; whether for peace or for war; occasionally working to bring down and to depose of kingdoms, while at other times working to establish and to raise up [others].<a href="#cite_note-AdaniS1997-57">[50]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma’adim)</td> <td>3rd clime<a href="#cite_note-Nethanel1983-56">[49]</a></td> <td>Those person's born under this star, either on the day of <a href="/wiki/Tuesday" title="Tuesday">Tuesday</a> or on the night of Saturday, will be courageous.<a href="#cite_note-Nethanel1983-56">[49]</a> Thefts, envy and hatred are the traits found in those born under its influences.<a href="#cite_note-Havatzelet1990-53">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-TalmudShabbat156a-54">[47]</a></td> <td>Heat and dryness are under its influences.<a href="#cite_note-Havatzelet1990-53">[46]</a> Awakens in the world wars and killings and desolation, as well as a multitude of other troubles; the burning of cities and bloodshed. Its influences are bad and harmful, as if to rid the [unwanted] thorns from the vineyards.<a href="#cite_note-AdaniS1997-57">[50]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek)</td> <td>2nd clime<a href="#cite_note-Nethanel1983-56">[49]</a></td> <td>Those born under its influences, meaning, born either on the day of <a href="/wiki/Thursday" title="Thursday">Thursday</a> or on the night of Monday, are associated with fruitfulness (procreation), goodness, equity, and calms what is inevitable, and enhances justice.<a href="#cite_note-58">[51]</a> Those persons born under this star will become both prudent and wise.<a href="#cite_note-59">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-TalmudShabbat156a-54">[47]</a></td> <td>Awakens in the world heat and humidity.<a href="#cite_note-Havatzelet1990-53">[46]</a> Awakens probity and repentance and good-will and love, as well as every good virtue, while bringing an end to wars and hostility and conflict, and allowing for the increase of the earth's fruits. Its influences are utterly good.<a href="#cite_note-AdaniS1997-57">[50]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתי‎, (shabtai)</td> <td>1st clime<a href="#cite_note-NethanelbIsaiah-60">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[54]</a></td> <td>Those born under its star, meaning, born either on the day of <a href="/wiki/Saturday" title="Saturday">Saturday</a> or on the night of Wednesday, are apt to be unsuccessful; associated with failure.<a href="#cite_note-NethanelbIsaiah-60">[53]</a> Those born under its influences are inclined to do evil, whether suicidal death or murder, and to spread enmity and hatred.<a href="#cite_note-MeirHavatzelet-62">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-TalmudShabbat156a-54">[47]</a></td> <td>Coldness and dryness are under its influences.<a href="#cite_note-MeirHavatzelet-62">[55]</a> Awakens wars and captivity, plundering and famine, while also destroying countries and quickly uprooting kingdoms, insofar that its influences are bad and bring harm, as if it were to bring an end to the wicked of the earth.<a href="#cite_note-AdaniS1997-57">[50]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> By saying, "on the night of such-and-such a weekday," the sense here is to the idea in Jewish tradition, where nightfall ushers-in a new day, as is written (Gen. 1:5): "And the evening and the morning were the first day." Therefore, the "night of Sunday" is to be understood as beginning on Saturday night, when the first three stars appear in the night sky; the "night of Saturday" is, likewise, to be understood as beginning on Friday night, when the first three stars appear in the night sky, and so forth, and so on. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_factors_taken_into_consideration">Other factors taken into consideration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_astrology&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other factors taken into consideration">edit</a>]</div> To accurately determine the time in which each of the classical planets are in their respective line of duty, per hour, one must either have access to a printed <a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a> showing the Jewish months, and know the precise starting point for each day and night, or else be familiar with the ever-changing aspects of the Jewish months, as the planetary influences will change with the <a href="/wiki/Conjunction_(astronomy)" title="Conjunction (astronomy)">conjunction of the moon with the sun</a>, also known as the <a href="/wiki/New_moon" title="New moon">New Moon</a> (occurring every 29 days, 12 hours and 793 parts of an hour), as also with the <a href="/wiki/Intercalation_(timekeeping)" title="Intercalation (timekeeping)">intercalation</a> of the lunar month during a Jewish Leap Year (occurring seven times in a 19-year period), when the lunar month <a href="/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan">Nisan</a> and its influences will be delayed by one month on account of an additional lunar month <a href="/wiki/Adar" title="Adar">Adar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[56]</a> Moreover, the length of each 12-hour day fluctuates, depending on summer and winter. Several online websites provide conversion tables for converting a known date in the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> with the corresponding weekday, day and month in the Hebrew calendar. <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Tables showing planetary influences per hour (click to open) </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table cellspacing="0" align="center" cellpadding="5px" width="50%" style="background: lightyellow; border: 1px solid black;"> <caption>Table no. 1 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:blue;color:white;border-bottom:1.5px solid black">Sunday (hours of night) </th> <th style="background:blue;color:white;border-bottom:1.5px solid black">Sunday (hours of day) </th></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="background:Navajowhite;">1st hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td> <td width="50%" style="background:Lightblue;">1st hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">2nd hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">2nd hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">3rd hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">3rd hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">4th hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">4th hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">5th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">5th hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">6th hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">6th hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">7th hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">7th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">8th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">8th hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">9th hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">9th hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">10th hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">10th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">11th hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">11th hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">12th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">12th hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" align="center" cellpadding="5px" width="50%" style="background: lightyellow; border: 1px solid black;"> <caption>Table no. 2 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:blue;color:white;border-bottom:1.5px solid black">Monday (hours of night) </th> <th style="background:blue;color:white;border-bottom:1.5px solid black">Monday (hours of day) </th></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="background:Navajowhite;">1st hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td> <td width="50%" style="background:Lightblue;">1st hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">2nd hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">2nd hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">3rd hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">3rd hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">4th hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">4th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">5th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">5th hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">6th hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">6th hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">7th hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">7th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">8th hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">8th hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">9th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">9th hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">10th hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">10th hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">11th hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">11th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">12th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">12th hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" align="center" cellpadding="5px" width="50%" style="background: lightyellow; border: 1px solid black;"> <caption>Table no. 3 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:blue;color:white;border-bottom:1.5px solid black">Tuesday (hours of night) </th> <th style="background:blue;color:white;border-bottom:1.5px solid black">Tuesday (hours of day) </th></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="background:Navajowhite;">1st hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td> <td width="50%" style="background:Lightblue;">1st hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">2nd hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">2nd hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">3rd hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">3rd hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">4th hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">4th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">5th hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">5th hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">6th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">6th hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">7th hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">7th hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">8th hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">8th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">9th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">9th hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">10th hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">10th hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">11th hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">11th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">12th hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">12th hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" align="center" cellpadding="5px" width="50%" style="background: lightyellow; border: 1px solid black;"> <caption>Table no. 4 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:blue;color:white;border-bottom:1.5px solid black">Wednesday (hours of night) </th> <th style="background:blue;color:white;border-bottom:1.5px solid black">Wednesday (hours of day) </th></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="background:Navajowhite;">1st hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td> <td width="50%" style="background:Lightblue;">1st hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">2nd hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">2nd hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">3rd hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">3rd hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">4th hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">4th hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">5th hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">5th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">6th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">6th hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">7th hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">7th hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">8th hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">8th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">9th hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">9th hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">10th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">10th hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">11th hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">11th hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">12th hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">12th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" align="center" cellpadding="5px" width="50%" style="background: lightyellow; border: 1px solid black;"> <caption>Table no. 5 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:blue;color:white;border-bottom:1.5px solid black">Thursday (hours of night) </th> <th style="background:blue;color:white;border-bottom:1.5px solid black">Thursday (hours of day) </th></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="background:Navajowhite;">1st hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td> <td width="50%" style="background:Lightblue;">1st hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">2nd hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">2nd hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">3rd hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">3rd hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">4th hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">4th hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">5th hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">5th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">6th hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">6th hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">7th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">7th hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">8th hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">8th hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">9th hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">9th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">10th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">10th hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">11th hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">11th hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">12th hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">12th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" align="center" cellpadding="5px" width="50%" style="background: lightyellow; border: 1px solid black;"> <caption>Table no. 6 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:blue;color:white;border-bottom:1.5px solid black">Friday (hours of night) </th> <th style="background:blue;color:white;border-bottom:1.5px solid black">Friday (hours of day) </th></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="background:Navajowhite;">1st hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td> <td width="50%" style="background:Lightblue;">1st hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">2nd hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">2nd hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">3rd hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">3rd hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">4th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">4th hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">5th hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">5th hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">6th hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">6th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">7th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">7th hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">8th hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">8th hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">9th hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">9th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">10th hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">10th hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">11th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">11th hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">12th hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">12th hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" align="center" cellpadding="5px" width="50%" style="background: lightyellow; border: 1px solid black;"> <caption>Table no. 7 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:blue;color:white;border-bottom:1.5px solid black">Saturday (hours of night) </th> <th style="background:blue;color:white;border-bottom:1.5px solid black">Saturday (hours of day) </th></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="background:Navajowhite;">1st hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td> <td width="50%" style="background:Lightblue;">1st hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">2nd hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">2nd hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">3rd hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">3rd hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">4th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">4th hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">5th hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">5th hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">6th hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">6th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">7th hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">7th hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">8th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">8th hour = <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎, (shabtai) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">9th hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">9th hour = <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />צדק‎, (tzedek) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">10th hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">10th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מאדים‎, (ma'adim) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">11th hour = <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכב‎, (kokhav) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">11th hour = <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חמה‎, (ḥamah) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:Navajowhite;">12th hour = <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />לבנה‎, (levanah) </td> <td style="background:Lightblue;">12th hour = <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />נוגה‎, (nogah) </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events_attributed_to_the_influences_of_the_constellations">Events attributed to the influences of the constellations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_astrology&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Events attributed to the influences of the constellations">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In Jewish thought, the destruction of, both, the <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temples</a> which happened in the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_month" title="Lunar month">lunar month</a> of <a href="/wiki/Av_(month)" title="Av (month)">Av</a> is linked to the astrological influences of <a href="/wiki/Leo_(astrology)" title="Leo (astrology)">Leo</a> (arieh), which are generally considered to be bad.<a href="#cite_note-64">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[h]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[i]</a> For this reason, the use of the rabbinic dictum, "When Av ushers-in, happiness is diminished" (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: משנכנס אב ממעטין בשמחה), is commonly heard in the mouths of the Jewish people.<a href="#cite_note-BabylonianTalmudTaanit-68">[59]</a> The month is marked by the Ninth of Av (<a href="/wiki/Tisha_B%27Av" title="Tisha B'Av">Tisha B'Av</a>) <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fast day</a>. During the same lunar month and its astral influences, the Jewish populous of <a href="/wiki/Betar_(fortress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Betar (fortress)">Betar</a> met their destruction under the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a> in the 2nd-century CE.<a href="#cite_note-BabylonianTalmudTaanit-68">[59]</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">King Edward I</a> of England issued his decree (<a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Expulsion" title="Edict of Expulsion">Edict of Expulsion</a>) on 18 July, in the year 1290 CE (a date corresponding with the 9th-day of the lunar month Av when the month's influences were under the sign of the Zodiac Leo), that all Jews in his kingdom will be expelled from the country, and whosoever remained in the country beyond November of that same year would be executed.<a href="#cite_note-69">[60]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>The outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> began on 28 July, 1914 (a date corresponding with the 5th-day of the lunar month Av when the month's influences were under the sign of the Zodiac Leo); the <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a> having then declared war on <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>. On the 7th-day of the lunar month Av, Russia joined the war. On the 9th-day of the lunar month Av, Germany joined the war.<a href="#cite_note-70">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDjokić200324-71">[62]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_astrology&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Kabbalah">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalist</a> and rabbi <a href="/wiki/Hayyim_ben_Joseph_Vital" title="Hayyim ben Joseph Vital">Hayyim ben Joseph Vital</a> explained the seven classical planets in a more conceptual and esoteric sense. While ranking ten spheres (realms) (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: גלגלים) from the highest to the lowest, he describes the Ninth Sphere as having nothing in it, and which rejects the presence of any star.<a href="#cite_note-Vital1866-72">[63]</a> As for the Eighth Sphere (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: גלגל השמיני), he states that all the stars of the universe, with the 12 constellations of the Zodiac, are contained therein, being below the Ninth Sphere, while each of the Seven classical planets occupies a space or realm below them: In the Seventh Sphere there is only one planet, <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> (shabtai); in the Sixth Sphere there is only one planet, <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> (tzedek); in the Fifth Sphere there is only one planet, <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> (ma'adim); in the Fourth Sphere there is only one star, the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> (ḥamah); in the Third Sphere there is only one planet, <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> (nogah); in the Second Sphere there is only one planet, <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>; and in the First Sphere there is only the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> (levanah).<a href="#cite_note-Vital1866-72">[63]</a> Hayyim Vital does not speak about their physical distance in relation to the earth, seeing that, besides the Moon (a satellite), the planet Venus is the closest planet, physically, to the earth. Rather, everything is expressed in relative spiritual distances, by virtue of their rank.<a href="#cite_note-Vital1866-72">[63]</a> Hayyim Vital, when speaking of their relative influences, wrote: "It has already been explained in the books on the science of astrology that all the changing occurrences which take place and which appear anew in the world, they are in accordance with the encounter of one of the Seven Planets standing in proximity to a certain star (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: מזל)<a href="#cite_note-73">[64]</a> of the twelve astrological constellations (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: מזלות) located in the Eighth Sphere, or else in accordance with the encounter of some of those planets which belong to the Seven, when they are found together in one place. Moreover, any encounter of the Seven Planets with the other [celestial] forms found in the [vast] open space of the Eighth Sphere<a href="#cite_note-74">[j]</a> will cause a little of the instructions [relegated unto it] to surge, although not with the same vigor as in the place of those twelve astrological constellations that are synchronous with the Eighth Sphere."<a href="#cite_note-Vital1866-72">[63]</a> One of the more arcane and mystical writings on the subject, <a href="/wiki/Sefer_Yetzirah" title="Sefer Yetzirah">Sefer Yetzirah</a> "Book of Creation", a book that endeavors to show the interconnection between all things, says that God created the classical planets by means of seven <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew letters</a>, which are בג"ד כפר"ת (being the sole double-sounding consonants in the Hebrew alphabet), and that the 12 constellations of the Zodiac were also created by means of 12 ordinary Hebrew letters.<a href="#cite_note-75">[65]</a> The author of this work, without divulging the influences of the horoscopes, names simply those things created by means of the letters, naming also the weekdays,<a href="#cite_note-76">[66]</a> seven groupings of words and their opposites (life and death; peace and evil disturbances; wisdom and foolishness; wealth and poverty; fertility and desolation; beauty and ugliness; governance and servitude),<a href="#cite_note-77">[67]</a> among other things. According to <a href="/wiki/Judah_Halevi" title="Judah Halevi">Judah Halevi</a>, the seven planets and the 12 constellations, and the various other examples mentioned in the book, are the means by which man is capable of understanding the unity and omnipotence of God, which are multiform on one side and, yet, uniform on the other.<a href="#cite_note-78">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fatalism">Fatalism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_astrology&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fatalism">edit</a>]</div> While astrology in Jewish thought is generally acknowledged to mean that "every happening related to man, whether small or great, has been delivered into the power of the stars by the blessed Creator,"<a href="#cite_note-79">[69]</a> it still allows for self-determination and <a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">free will</a> of the individual in what concerns his choice of right and wrong actions, in spite of fate governing other aspects of man's life. This is expressed by the rabbinic dictum: "Everything is determined by heaven, except one's fear of heaven,"<a href="#cite_note-80">[70]</a> meaning, everything in a person's life is predetermined by God —except that person's choice to be either good or bad; righteous or wicked, which is left up entirely to his own free will. Under this principle, as articulated by 13th-century rabbinic scholar, <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Meiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Menachem Meiri">Menachem Meiri</a>, a man that is born under the influences of <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> will have a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/default#Adjective" class="extiw" title="wikt:default">default</a> inclination to shed blood, and if he were the son of a king born under the same Martian influence, he will grow-up to wage wars on other countries, and when victorious, he will sentence the defeated enemy to be executed. Even so, an ordinary man that is born under such influences should be instructed to take-up the profession of <a href="/wiki/Ritual_slaughter" title="Ritual slaughter">ritual slaughter</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Butcher" title="Butcher">livestock butcher</a>, or similar skill crafts (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Mohel" title="Mohel">mohel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surgeon" title="Surgeon">surgeon</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Meiri2006-81">[71]</a> So, too, with all the other signs of the Zodiac which incline to a certain unwanted trait, man is able to choose between right and wrong, and between good and bad.<a href="#cite_note-Meiri2006-81">[71]</a> In some instances, a person can alter what has been seen by an astrologer concerning his fate, simply by performing a charitable deed. The <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a> relates a story where two men were saved by giving a portion of their bread to a hungry man.<a href="#cite_note-82">[72]</a> In other cases, a person's fortune may be altered by a change of place or by a change of name.<a href="#cite_note-83">[73]</a> Rabbi and philosopher <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Albo" title="Joseph Albo">Joseph Albo</a> (c. 1380–1444) wrote in his <a href="/wiki/Sefer_HaIkkarim" title="Sefer HaIkkarim">Sefer ha-Ikkarim</a> that "the stars determine the destiny at some point, but can be changed by free will or merit." <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_astrology&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Alpha" title="Beth Alpha">Beth Alpha</a> – Astrological symbols found at Beth Alpha synagogue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_astronomy" title="Hebrew astronomy">Hebrew astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_astrology" title="Jewish views on astrology">Jewish views on astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazzaroth" title="Mazzaroth">Mazzaroth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relative_hour" title="Relative hour">Relative hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_astrology" title="Western astrology">Western astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">Zodiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zodiac_mosaics_in_ancient_synagogues" title="Zodiac mosaics in ancient synagogues">Zodiac mosaics in ancient synagogues</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_astrology&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaimonides1956">Maimonides 1956</a>, p. 164 (part II chapter X) </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFriedlander1916">Friedlander 1916</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pirkderabbieli00frieuoft/page/48/mode/1up">48, note 7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBennettDonohueSchneiderVoit2007">Bennett et al. 2007</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/astronomymediawo04lopr/page/82">82–84</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZarka2011">Zarka 2011</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Zohar" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of the Zohar">Book of the Zohar</a>, vol. 3, section 134a </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (Shabbat 156a) </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1110.htm#2">Jeremiah 10:2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (Berakhot 58b) </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHa-Kohen1968">Ha-Kohen 1968</a>, p. 55 (s.v. Psalm 19) </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Shabbat.75a.4?lang=bi">"Shabbat 75a:4"</a>. www.sefaria.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=Shabbat+75a%3A4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FShabbat.75a.4%3Flang%3Dbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EncyclopaediaJudaica1973-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EncyclopaediaJudaica1973_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EncyclopaediaJudaica1973_11-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFEncyclopaedia_Judaica1973">Encyclopaedia Judaica 1973</a>, p. 789 </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (Moed Katan 28a) </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSela2006">Sela 2006</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sar-Shalom1984-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sar-Shalom1984_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sar-Shalom1984_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sar-Shalom1984_14-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sar-Shalom1984_14-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFSar-Shalom1984">Sar-Shalom 1984</a>, p. 126, s.v. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />האמונה במזלות בין היהודים‎ </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Abraham ibn Ezra once wrote, "The orb and constellations of the Zodiac are in their stations. / They have inclined in their circuit because of my nativity. // I have wearied myself to become successful, but to no avail, / for the stars of my heavens have dealt perversely with me!" [Original Hebrew: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />גַּלְגַּל וּמַזָּלוֹת בְּמַעְמָדָם נָטוּ בְּמַהְלָכָם לְמוֹלַדְתִּי אִיגַע לְהַצְלִיחַ וְלֹא אוּכַל כִּי עִוְּתוּנִי כּוֹכְבֵי שָׁמָי‎]. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaimonides1965">Maimonides 1965</a>, pp. 238–239 (Avodah Zarah 4:7) </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaimonides1978">Maimonides 1978</a>, p. 24 (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Epistle_to_Yemen/XIII">ch. xiii</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaimonides1974">Maimonides 1974</a>, pp. 97–98 [49a–b] (Hil. Avodat Kokhavim 11:8–9) </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Marcus Jastrow, Ludwig Blau, Kaufmann Kohler (eds.), "Astrology," in: The Jewish Encyclopedia (1906) </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaimonides1956">Maimonides 1956</a>, p. 159 (part II chapter V) </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Cf. Rabbi <a href="/wiki/David_Kimhi" title="David Kimhi">David Kimchi</a>'s comment (RADAK) on Jeremiah 10:2. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAdani1975">Adani 1975</a>, p. 81, note 23 (s.v. Deuteronomy 4:19) </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSela2006">Sela 2006</a>, p. 142 </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (Nedarim 32a; Shabbat 156a); <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a> on Genesis 15:5 </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shabbat_(Talmud)" title="Shabbat (Talmud)">Shabbat</a> 156a, <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a>'s commentary, s.v. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />אין מזל לישראל‎) </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> The Hebrew word used in Deuteronomy 18:13 is <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />תמים‎, which is translated by <a href="/wiki/Targum_Onkelos" title="Targum Onkelos">Onkelos</a> as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שלים‎, = "perfect," but which word has also the connotation of being "naïve", based on Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Saadia_Gaon" title="Saadia Gaon">Saadia Gaon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Arabic_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Arabic dialects">Judeo-Arabic</a> translation of the same word (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />סאדגה‎ = <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style>ساذجة‎) </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Nachmanides" title="Nachmanides">Nachmanides</a>, on Deuteronomy 18:13 (P. Shoftim), p. 74 </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBar-Sheshet1993">Bar-Sheshet 1993</a>, p. responsum no. 93 </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonnolo1881">Donnolo 1881</a>, pp. 71–72 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (Berakhot 59b, Rashi s.v. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎). </li> <li id="cite_note-AdaniSben-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSben_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSben_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSben_33-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSben_33-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSben_33-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSben_33-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSben_33-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSben_33-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSben_33-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSben_33-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSben_33-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSben_33-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSben_33-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSben_33-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSben_33-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSben_33-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSben_33-16">q</a> <a href="#CITEREFAdani1997">Adani 1997</a>, p. 92b </li> <li id="cite_note-Adeni-stars-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Adeni-stars_34-0">^</a> Adani (1997), chapter 17 (Introduction) </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Eliezer_ben_Joel_HaLevi" title="Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi">Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi</a> (2022), Sefer Rabiah, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Fischel_Institute_for_Talmudic_Research" title="Harry Fischel Institute for Talmudic Research">Harry Fischel Institute</a>: Jerusalem, Section 200, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=67827&st=&pgnum=398&hilite=">368</a> (in Hebrew) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1478561609">1478561609</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ad1992-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ad1992_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ad1992_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ad1992_37-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ad1992_37-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ad1992_37-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ad1992_37-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ad1992_37-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ad1992_37-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ad1992_37-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ad1992_37-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ad1992_37-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ad1992_37-11">l</a> Adani (1997), 97b </li> <li id="cite_note-Adeni-stars2-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adeni-stars2_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adeni-stars2_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adeni-stars2_38-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adeni-stars2_38-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adeni-stars2_38-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adeni-stars2_38-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adeni-stars2_38-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adeni-stars2_38-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adeni-stars2_38-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adeni-stars2_38-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adeni-stars2_38-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adeni-stars2_38-11">l</a> Adani (1997), chapter 17 (p. 93a) </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGiat2003">Giat 2003</a>, pp. 103, 106 </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> In Jewish tradition, nightfall ushers in a new day, as is written (Gen. 1:5): "And the evening and the morning were the first day." </li> <li id="cite_note-Rashi-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rashi_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rashi_44-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rashi_44-2">c</a> <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (Berakhot 59b, <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a> s.v. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />שבתאי‎) </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Cf. <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (Eruvin 56a, Rashi, s.v. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />אין תקופה שמושכת מחברתה‎) who brings down this same teaching. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shabbat_(Talmud)" title="Shabbat (Talmud)">Shabbat</a> 156a) </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Cf. <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (Eruvin 56a, Rashi, s.v. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />ואין תקופה שמושכת מחברתה‎), where <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a> mentions this same order, with the acronym <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />חל"ם כצנ"ש‎: The first hour of the day on the first day of the week (Sunday) being commenced by "ḥamah" (= Sun), the first hour of the day on the second day of the week (Monday) being commenced by "levanah" (= Moon), the first hour of the day on the third day of the week (Tuesday) being commenced by "ma'adim" (= Mars), the first hour of the day on the fourth day of the week (Wednesday) being commenced by "kokhav" (= Mercury), the first hour of the day on the fifth day of the week (Thursday) being commenced by "tzedek" (= Jupiter), the first hour of the day on the sixth day of the week (Friday) being commenced by "nogah" (= Venus), and the first hour of the night on the seventh day of the week (Saturday) being commenced by "shabtai" (= Saturn). </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonnolo1881">Donnolo 1881</a>, p. 72 </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shabbat_(Talmud)" title="Shabbat (Talmud)">Shabbat</a> 156a, <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a>'s commentary, s.v. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מזל שעה‎) </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Arba%27ah_Turim" title="Arba'ah Turim">Arba'ah Turim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Orach_Chayim" title="Orach Chayim">Orach Chayim</a>, section 134, commentaries of Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Moses_Isserles" title="Moses Isserles">Moses Isserles</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mishnah_Berurah" title="Mishnah Berurah">Mishnah Berurah</a> (ibid.)) </li> <li id="cite_note-Ben_Isaiah1983-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ben_Isaiah1983_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ben_Isaiah1983_52-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFNethanel_ben_Isaiah1983">Nethanel ben Isaiah 1983</a>, p. 474 </li> <li id="cite_note-Havatzelet1990-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Havatzelet1990_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Havatzelet1990_53-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Havatzelet1990_53-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Havatzelet1990_53-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Havatzelet1990_53-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Havatzelet1990_53-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Havatzelet1990_53-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Havatzelet1990_53-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Havatzelet1990_53-8">i</a> <a href="#CITEREFZechariah_ha-Rofé1990">Zechariah ha-Rofé 1990</a>, p. 48 </li> <li id="cite_note-TalmudShabbat156a-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TalmudShabbat156a_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TalmudShabbat156a_54-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TalmudShabbat156a_54-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TalmudShabbat156a_54-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TalmudShabbat156a_54-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TalmudShabbat156a_54-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TalmudShabbat156a_54-6">g</a> Cf. <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (Shabbat 156a) </li> <li id="cite_note-AdaniSamuel1997-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSamuel1997_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSamuel1997_55-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSamuel1997_55-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniSamuel1997_55-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFAdani1997">Adani 1997</a>, p. 91a </li> <li id="cite_note-Nethanel1983-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nethanel1983_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nethanel1983_56-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nethanel1983_56-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nethanel1983_56-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nethanel1983_56-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nethanel1983_56-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nethanel1983_56-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nethanel1983_56-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nethanel1983_56-8">i</a> <a href="#CITEREFNethanel_ben_Isaiah1983">Nethanel ben Isaiah 1983</a>, p. 473 </li> <li id="cite_note-AdaniS1997-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniS1997_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniS1997_57-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniS1997_57-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AdaniS1997_57-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFAdani1997">Adani 1997</a>, p. 92a </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZechariah_ha-Rofé1990">Zechariah ha-Rofé 1990</a>, pp. 49–49 </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZechariah_ha-Rofé1992">Zechariah ha-Rofé 1992</a>, p. 344 (s.v. Deuteronomy 4:19) </li> <li id="cite_note-NethanelbIsaiah-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NethanelbIsaiah_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NethanelbIsaiah_60-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFNethanel_ben_Isaiah1983">Nethanel ben Isaiah 1983</a>, p. 472 </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a>'s system of seven climes was primarily adopted in <a href="/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world">Arabo-Persian astronomy</a>, by authors such as <a href="/wiki/Al-Biruni" title="Al-Biruni">al-Biruni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Idrisi" title="Muhammad al-Idrisi">al-Idrisi</a>, and eventually by <a href="/wiki/Am%C4%ABn_R%C4%81z%C4%AB" title="Amīn Rāzī">Amīn Rāzī</a>, the author of the 16th-century haft iqlīm ("seven climes"), while in Europe, Aristotle's system of five climes was more successful. According to al-Biruni, the sub-continent of India falls entirely in the first clime. </li> <li id="cite_note-MeirHavatzelet-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MeirHavatzelet_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MeirHavatzelet_62-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFZechariah_ha-Rofé1990">Zechariah ha-Rofé 1990</a>, p. 49 </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPirke_Rabbi_Eliezer1983">Pirke Rabbi Eliezer 1983</a>, p. 22 (chapter 7) </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPesikta_de-Rav_Kahana1949">Pesikta de-Rav Kahana 1949</a>, p. 116a (Divrei Yirmeyahu) </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPesikta_Rabbatin.d.">Pesikta Rabbati n.d.</a>, p. 133b (Va-yimlokh) </li> <li id="cite_note-BabylonianTalmudTaanit-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BabylonianTalmudTaanit_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BabylonianTalmudTaanit_68-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (Ta'anit 26b) </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMorris2009">Morris 2009</a>, pp. 226–228 </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaylor1998">Taylor 1998</a>, pp. 80–93 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDjokić200324-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDjokić200324_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDjokić2003">Djokić 2003</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-Vital1866-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vital1866_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vital1866_72-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vital1866_72-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vital1866_72-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFVital1866">Vital 1866</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=46686&st=&pgnum=12&hilite=">3b</a>–4a (chapter 2) </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Here explained like the word <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מזרות‎ in Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Saadia_Gaon" title="Saadia Gaon">Saadia Gaon</a>'s translation and commentary of Job 38:32, where the word is explained as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />כוכבים‎ = "stars." </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSaadia1972">Saadia 1972</a>, pp. 74 (ch. 2:2), 95 (ch. 3:3), 130 (ch. 5:1) </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSaadia1972">Saadia 1972</a>, p. 139 (ch. 8:1) </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSaadia1972">Saadia 1972</a>, p. 74 (ch. 2:2) </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Judah_Halevi" title="Judah Halevi">Judah Halevi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sefer_Kuzari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefer Kuzari">Sefer Kuzari</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Kitab_al_Khazari/Part_Four" class="extiw" title="s:Kitab al Khazari/Part Four">Part Four : section 25</a>, translated by Hartwig Hirschfeld (1905) at Wikisource </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBar-Sheshet1993">Bar-Sheshet 1993</a>, p. responsum no. 118 </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Berakhot_(tractate)" title="Berakhot (tractate)">Berakhot</a> 33b; <a href="/wiki/Niddah_(Talmud)" title="Niddah (Talmud)">Niddah</a> 16b); compare to <a href="/wiki/Pirke_Avot" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirke Avot">Pirke Avot</a> 3:18: "All things are foreseen [by God], yet the choice is given [to man], while the world is judged on [its] merits, and everything is in accordance with the preponderance of works." </li> <li id="cite_note-Meiri2006-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meiri2006_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meiri2006_81-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeiri2006">Meiri 2006</a>, p. 290 (Shabbat 156a, s.v. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מפנות הדת‎) </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRozenboim2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rozenboim, David Yonah, ed. (2010). Jerusalem Talmud <bdi lang="he">תלמוד ירושלמי עוז והדר</bdi> [Talmud Yerushalmi] (in Hebrew). Vol. 4 (Oz ve-Hadar ed.). New York: Friedman–<a href="/wiki/Oz_Vehadar" title="Oz Vehadar">Oz ve-Hadar</a>. p. 48a–b (Shabbat 6:9). <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/695123759">695123759</a>. <q>The students of Rabbi Haninah were going out to cut wood. A certain astrologer saw them. He said, 'These two [men], when they go out, shall not return again'. When they eventually went out, a certain elderly man met up with them. He said to them, 'Give to me a charitable hand-out, for there have been three days since I have eaten anything'. They had with them one loaf of bread. They broke half and gave it to him. He then ate and he prayed for them. He said to them, 'May your souls be preserved this day, just as you have preserved for me my own soul this day'. They went out safely (in peace), and returned safely (in peace). There happened to be there people who had heard his proclamation, and they said to him (to the astrologer): 'Did you not say that these two men, when they go out, shall not return? If so, the man is a liar, for his astrological forecasts are erroneous'. Even so, they went and diligently searched the matter and they found a [venomous] snake that was cut in half, the one half on one side of the wood load, and the other half on the other side of the wood load. They then enquired of the two men, saying, 'What was the manner of your work this day?' They rehearsed to him what had happened. He then said, 'What then is this man (i.e. astrologer) able to do, seeing that the God of the Jews is appeased by a half loaf of bread.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+Talmud+%D7%AA%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93+%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99+%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%96+%D7%95%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=48a-b+%28Shabbat+6%3A9%29&rft.edition=Oz+ve-Hadar&rft.pub=Friedman%E2%80%93Oz+ve-Hadar&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F695123759&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRozenboim2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rozenboim, David Yonah, ed. (2010). Jerusalem Talmud <bdi lang="he">תלמוד ירושלמי עוז והדר</bdi> [Talmud Yerushalmi] (in Hebrew). Vol. 4 (Oz ve-Hadar ed.). New York: Friedman–<a href="/wiki/Oz_Vehadar" title="Oz Vehadar">Oz ve-Hadar</a>. p. 48a (Shabbat 6:9). <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/695123759">695123759</a>. <q>Sometimes it is the change of one's name that affects a change of fortune, while at other times it is the change of one's place that affects a change of fortune</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+Talmud+%D7%AA%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93+%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99+%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%96+%D7%95%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=48a+%28Shabbat+6%3A9%29&rft.edition=Oz+ve-Hadar&rft.pub=Friedman%E2%80%93Oz+ve-Hadar&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F695123759&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_astrology&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Maimonides wrote in his <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Yemen" title="Epistle to Yemen">Epistle to Yemen</a> (ch. xiii): "I note that you are inclined to believe in astrology and in the influence of the past and future conjunctions of the planets upon human affairs. You should dismiss such notions from your thoughts. Cleanse your mind as one cleanses dirty clothes. Accomplished scholars whether they are religious or not, refuse to believe in the truth of this science. Its postulates can be refuted by real proofs on national grounds" (End Quote). The reason for this is because <a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Yemen">Jews in Yemen</a> thought that a dearth of scientific knowledge in their country was the result of the constellations, viz., the influence of the conjunctions in the earthly trigon. [Background: Medieval astrological compilations written in the Arabic language had divided the signs of the zodiac into four groups of three, called trigons, named after the four elements: the airy trigon which included Gemini, Libra, and Aquarius; the earthly trigon, comprising Taurus, Virgo, and Capricornis; the fiery trigon, consisting of Aries, Leo, and Sagittarius, and, lastly, the watery trigon, made up of Cancer, Scipio, and Pisces (cf. Nallino, Encyclopedia of Islam, s. v. Astrology. p. 495)]. Maimonides called out their error, showing how there had been learned men in Israel who lived during a time when the earthly trigon constellations reigned supreme. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Short excerpt from Luzzatto's book: "There is another function that God assigned to the stars. Every event and situation in the material world is prepared and initiated on high, and then is transmitted via the stars, step by step, finally appearing in the desired physical forms below. For example, life itself, wealth, wisdom, children and so forth all originate on high in the realm of the spiritual Roots, reflected down through Branches of these Roots through the agency of particular stars, so that the different phenomena take form on earth in their desired states. This is the result of particular divisions and combinations of the stars, following their specific cycles. Every event that takes place in the terrestrial world is allocated to a particular star, depending on its specific category. All terrestrial things are bound under their authority. Through their systems, all things happen as a result of the influence emanating from the stellar array through its connection with each individual thing. Every human being is also subjugated to this system, and whatever happens to him is a result of this astrological influence. It is also possible, however, that this stellar influence be overridden by a higher power. [Accordingly], our Sages teach us, '[The people of] Israel are not bound by the influences of the horoscope (mazzal).' The power of God's decrees and influence is stronger than that of the stars, and what results is therefore dependent on this higher influence rather than on the astrological." [End Quote] </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> "The star that begins is the star that rules the entire day or night." This revelation prompted Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Eliezer_ben_Joel_HaLevi" title="Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi">Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi</a> (known by the acronym Rabiah), when speaking on the shaliach tzibbur who cites on Friday night the <a href="/wiki/Seven-Faceted_Blessing" title="Seven-Faceted Blessing">abridged prayer taken from the seven blessings</a> of the Shabbat evening Amida prayer (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />ברכת מעין שבעה‎), to say that the Sages specifically instituted the prayer to be said on Friday nights (i.e. which marks the beginning of the Sabbath, or Saturday in Jewish tradition) to counter-act and defend against the negative influences of Mars (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: מאדים), since it is the star that begins to serve on that night, making it the energy that prevails on each and every night of the Sabbath.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> Echoing the same concerns, <a href="/wiki/Magen_Avraham" class="mw-redirect" title="Magen Avraham">Magen Avraham</a> wrote in his commentary on the <a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Orach_Chayim" title="Orach Chayim">Orach Chayim</a>, section 271): "It is written in the Tikkunei Shabbat that a person ought to make the <a href="/wiki/Kiddush" title="Kiddush">kiddush</a> [over the Sabbath day] before nightfall, because the celestial energies of <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: מאדים) start at the outset of the Sabbath night, whereas at the end of the day on Friday, it belongs to the celestial energies of <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: צדק). Therefore, let him make the kiddush [at the hour] of Jupiter, and thus do we find written in the Responsa of <a href="/wiki/Maharil" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharil">Maharil</a>, responsum no. 163." Some <a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a> groups still observe this practice. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> During a complete year in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a>, the lunar month of Cheshvan is 30 days. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> During a defective year in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a>, the lunar month of Kislev is 29 days. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> During a Hebrew Leap Year, when a second lunar month of Adar is added to the Hebrew calendar, the first Adar is 29 days, while the second Adar is 30 days. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> This phenomenon is described in the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (Shabbat 129b), where it asks: "What is the reason that one is not to perform <a href="/wiki/Bloodletting" title="Bloodletting">bloodletting</a> on the day of Tuesday?" <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a> (ibid., s.v. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />דקיימא ליה מאדים בזווי‎) and <a href="/wiki/Rabbeinu_Chananel" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbeinu Chananel">Rabbeinu Chananel</a> (ibid.) explain that it is because Mars (Heb. ma'adim) is the chief celestial energy emanating from the heavens on that day of the week, and which may invariably put that person's life in danger. They go on to name the respective stars (orbs and planets) that govern each day of the week, in their set order. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Quote: "Said Rabbi Abin: ‘A lion (Heb. arieh) has gone up’ (Jer. 4:7) under the astrological influences of Arieh (i.e. the Zodiac Leo), and he destroyed Ariel (i.e. nickname for Jerusalem). [When it says] ‘a lion has gone up,’ this is the wicked Nebuchadnezzar, as it is written of him, ‘A lion has gone up from his thicket’ (ibid.). ‘Under the astrological influences of Arieh,’ [meaning], ‘until the captivity of Jerusalem in the fifth month’ (i.e. the 5th lunar month <a href="/wiki/Av_(month)" title="Av (month)">Av</a> in the Hebrew calendar)(Jer. 1:3). ‘And he destroyed Ariel,’ [meaning], ‘Ah, Ariel, Ariel, the city where David encamped!’ (Isa. 29:1). [Now all this was done] so that the lion (Heb. arieh) will come during the astrological influences of Arieh (i.e. the Zodiac Leo), and will build Ariel (i.e. the city of Jerusalem). [By saying], ‘the lion will come,’ this refers to the Holy One, blessed be He, as it is written of him: ‘The lion has roared; who will not fear?’ (Amos 3:8), etc." (End quote) </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Quote: "...He (i.e. Nebuchadnezzar) sought to destroy it (i.e. the Jewish Temple) in the fourth [lunar month] (i.e. Tammuz), [but] the merit of Moses rose up [to protect it]. He (i.e. Moses) said: ‘Master of the universe! This crab lives not except in water, and I was rescued from the water’ (i.e. Play on words, as ‘crab’ in Hebrew is ‘sartan’, which word also means in Hebrew the Zodiac Cancer that is active in the fourth lunar month, although here it is humorously used as a pejorative for Nebuchadnezzar ). When he came to destroy it in the fifth [lunar month] (i.e. Av, which is the month of the Zodiac Leo), he could not be appeased, since the fifth [lunar month] is called Arieh (i.e. a play on words, meaning the Zodiac Leo in the Hebrew tongue, active in the fifth lunar month, but also meaning lion in Hebrew), as it says: ‘A lion has gone up from his thicket,’ etc. (Jer. 4:7) and he has destroyed the Temple that is called Arieh, as it says: ‘Ah, Ariel, Ariel!’ (Isa. 29:1), and he has smitten Israel who is called Ariel (lit. ‘lion of God’), as it says: ‘[behold, the people]…as a lion it lifts itself’ (Num. 23:24), during a month that is called Ariel (lit. ‘Ari [lion] of God’), [meaning], on account of its having cancelled the words of Ariel (i.e. descriptive name for God), as it says: ‘[The lion has roared]; who will not fear?’ (Amos 3:8)" (End quote) </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> And which are not part of the stars making-up the 12 Zodiac constellations. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_astrology&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdani1975" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/David_ben_Amram_Adani" title="David ben Amram Adani">Adani, David ben Amram</a> (1975). Fisch, Solomon (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Midrash_HaGadol" title="Midrash HaGadol">Midrash HaGadol</a> (in Hebrew). Vol. 5 (Deuteronomy) (2 ed.). Jerusalem: Ben-Zvi Institute. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/233160756">233160756</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Midrash+HaGadol&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Ben-Zvi+Institute&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F233160756&rft.aulast=Adani&rft.aufirst=David+ben+Amram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988">, s.v. Deuteronomy 4:19</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdani1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Adani, Samuel ben Joseph (1997). "Concise rules of astrology (chapter 17)". Sefer Naḥalat Yosef (in Hebrew). Ramat-Gan: Makhon Nir David. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/31818927">31818927</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Concise+rules+of+astrology+%28chapter+17%29&rft.btitle=Sefer+Na%E1%B8%A5alat+Yosef&rft.place=Ramat-Gan&rft.pub=Makhon+Nir+David&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F31818927&rft.aulast=Adani&rft.aufirst=Samuel+ben+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"> (reprinted from Jerusalem editions, 1907, 1917 and 1988)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBar-Sheshet1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_ben_Sheshet" title="Isaac ben Sheshet">Bar-Sheshet, Isaac</a> (1993). David Metsger (ed.). Questions & Responsa of Rabbi Isaac Bar-Sheshet (Sheʼelot u-teshuvot) (in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Jerusalem: Mekhon Or ha-mizraḥ, Mekhon Yerushalayim. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28764985">28764985</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Questions+%26+Responsa+of+Rabbi+Isaac+Bar-Sheshet+%28She%CA%BCelot+u-teshuvot%29&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Mekhon+Or+ha-mizra%E1%B8%A5%2C+Mekhon+Yerushalayim&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28764985&rft.aulast=Bar-Sheshet&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988">, responsum no. 118</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBennettDonohueSchneiderVoit2007" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, Jeffrey; Donohue, Megan; Schneider, Nicholas; Voit, Mark (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/astronomymediawo04lopr">The cosmic perspective</a> (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pearson/Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8053-9283-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8053-9283-8"><bdi>978-0-8053-9283-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+cosmic+perspective&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+CA&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Pearson%2FAddison-Wesley&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8053-9283-8&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.au=Donohue%2C+Megan&rft.au=Schneider%2C+Nicholas&rft.au=Voit%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fastronomymediawo04lopr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDjokić2003" class="citation book cs1">Djokić, Dejan (2003). Yugoslavism: histories of a failed idea, 1918–1992. London: Hurst. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51093251">51093251</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yugoslavism%3A+histories+of+a+failed+idea%2C+1918%E2%80%931992&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hurst&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51093251&rft.aulast=Djoki%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Dejan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDonnolo1881" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Shabbethai_Donnolo" title="Shabbethai Donnolo">Donnolo, Sabbatai</a> (1881). David Castelli (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=32416">Sefer Ḥakhmoni</a> (in Hebrew). Firenze (Florence): Le Monnier. pp. 71–72. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/162802215">162802215</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sefer+%E1%B8%A4akhmoni&rft.place=Firenze+%28Florence%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E71-%3C%2Fspan%3E72&rft.pub=Le+Monnier&rft.date=1881&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F162802215&rft.aulast=Donnolo&rft.aufirst=Sabbatai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hebrewbooks.org%2Fpdfpager.aspx%3Freq%3D32416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopaedia_Judaica1973" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Judaica" title="Encyclopaedia Judaica">Encyclopaedia Judaica</a> (1973), "Astrology", Encyclopaedia Judaica, vol. 3 (Anh-Az), Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, Ltd., pp. 788–795, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/64144745">64144745</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Astrology&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Judaica&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E788-%3C%2Fspan%3E795&rft.pub=Keter+Publishing+House%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F64144745&rft.au=Encyclopaedia+Judaica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFriedlander1916" class="citation book cs1">Friedlander, Gerald, ed. 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London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10912401">10912401</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pir%E1%B8%B3%C3%AA+de+Rabbi+Eliezer&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Kegan+Paul%2C+Trench%2C+Trubner+%26+Co.&rft.date=1916&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10912401&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpirkderabbieli00frieuoft%2Fpage%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGiat2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Giat, Paltiel (2003). A Word in Stone: Zippori in the Sages Literature (Milah be-even: Zippori basifrut chazal) (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Israel Nature & National Parks Authority, and The Department for Torah Culture in the Ministry of Education. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/58417078">58417078</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Word+in+Stone%3A+Zippori+in+the+Sages+Literature+%28Milah+be-even%3A+Zippori+basifrut+chazal%29&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Israel+Nature+%26+National+Parks+Authority%2C+and+The+Department+for+Torah+Culture+in+the+Ministry+of+Education&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F58417078&rft.aulast=Giat&rft.aufirst=Paltiel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHa-Kohen1968" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ha-Kohen, Isaac ben Samson, ed. 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New York: Dover Publishers. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/318937112">318937112</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+for+the+Perplexed&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Dover+Publishers&rft.date=1956&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F318937112&rft.aulast=Maimonides&rft.aufirst=Moses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaimonides1965" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> (1965). <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a>, with Maimonides' Commentary (in Hebrew). Vol. 2. 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Daniel Bitton (ed.). Beit HaBechirah (Chiddushei ha-Meiri) (in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Jerusalem: Hamaor Institute. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/181631040">181631040</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beit+HaBechirah+%28Chiddushei+ha-Meiri%29&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Hamaor+Institute&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F181631040&rft.au=Meiri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988">, Shabbat 156a, s.v. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" />מפנות הדת‎</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorris2009" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Marc (2009). A Great and Terrible King: Edward I and the Forging of Britain. London, UK: Windmill Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-948175-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-948175-1"><bdi>978-0-09-948175-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Great+and+Terrible+King%3A+Edward+I+and+the+Forging+of+Britain&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Windmill+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-09-948175-1&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNahmanides1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Nahmanides" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahmanides">Nahmanides</a> (1993). Nahmanides' Commentary on the Torah (punctuated) (in Hebrew). Vol. 2. Jerusalem: A. Blum. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/233074002">233074002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nahmanides%27+Commentary+on+the+Torah+%28punctuated%29&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=A.+Blum&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F233074002&rft.au=Nahmanides&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNethanel_ben_Isaiah1983" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Nethanel_ben_Isaiah" title="Nethanel ben Isaiah">Nethanel ben Isaiah</a> (1983). Sefer Me'or ha-Afelah (in Hebrew). Translated by <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Qafih" title="Yosef Qafih">Yosef Qafih</a>. Kiryat Ono: Mechon Moshe. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/970925649">970925649</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sefer+Me%27or+ha-Afelah&rft.place=Kiryat+Ono&rft.pub=Mechon+Moshe&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F970925649&rft.au=Nethanel+ben+Isaiah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPesikta_de-Rav_Kahana1949" class="citation book cs1">Pesikta de-Rav Kahana (1949). <a href="/wiki/Salomon_Buber" title="Salomon Buber">Salomon Buber</a> (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Pesikta_de-Rav_Kahana" title="Pesikta de-Rav Kahana">Pesikta de-Rav Kahana</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Mekitze_Nirdamim" title="Mekitze Nirdamim">Mekitze Nirdamim</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/122787256">122787256</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pesikta+de-Rav+Kahana&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Mekitze+Nirdamim&rft.date=1949&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F122787256&rft.au=Pesikta+de-Rav+Kahana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPesikta_Rabbatin.d." class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Pesikta_Rabbati" title="Pesikta Rabbati">Pesikta Rabbati</a> (n.d.). <a href="/wiki/Meir_Friedmann" title="Meir Friedmann">Meir Ish Shalom of Vienna</a> (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Pesikta_Rabbati" title="Pesikta Rabbati">Midrash Pesikta Rabbati</a> (in Hebrew). Israel: not identified. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/249274973">249274973</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Midrash+Pesikta+Rabbati&rft.place=Israel&rft.pub=not+identified&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F249274973&rft.au=Pesikta+Rabbati&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"> (reprinted from 1880 edition)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPirke_Rabbi_Eliezer1983" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pirke Rabbi Eliezer (1983). <a href="/wiki/Pirkei_De-Rabbi_Eliezer" title="Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer">Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer</a> (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Eshkol. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/754754890">754754890</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pirkei+De-Rabbi+Eliezer&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Eshkol&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F754754890&rft.au=Pirke+Rabbi+Eliezer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSaadia1972" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Saadia_Gaon" title="Saadia Gaon">Saadia</a> (1972). <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Qafih" title="Yosef Qafih">Yosef Qafih</a> (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Sefer_Yetzirah" title="Sefer Yetzirah">Sefer Yetzirah (Kitāb al-mabādī), with a Translation and Commentary by Rabbi Saadia Gaon</a> (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Committee for the publication of Rabbi Saadia Gaon's books (in affiliation with the American Academy of Jewish Studies). <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/319752519">319752519</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sefer+Yetzirah+%28Kit%C4%81b+al-mab%C4%81d%C4%AB%29%2C+with+a+Translation+and+Commentary+by+Rabbi+Saadia+Gaon&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Committee+for+the+publication+of+Rabbi+Saadia+Gaon%27s+books+%28in+affiliation+with+the+American+Academy+of+Jewish+Studies%29&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F319752519&rft.au=Saadia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSar-Shalom1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sar-Shalom, Rahamim (1984). She'harim La'Luah Ha'ivry (Gates to the Hebrew Calendar) (in Hebrew). Tel-Aviv. p. 126 (The Zodiac). <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/854906532">854906532</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=She%27harim+La%27Luah+Ha%27ivry+%28Gates+to+the+Hebrew+Calendar%29&rft.place=Tel-Aviv&rft.pages=126+%28The+Zodiac%29&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F854906532&rft.aulast=Sar-Shalom&rft.aufirst=Rahamim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSela2006" class="citation journal cs1">Sela, Shlomo (2006). "Abraham Bar Ḥiyya's Astrological Work and Thought". Jewish Studies Quarterly. 13 (2). Mohr Siebeck GmbH & Co. KG: 128–158. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1628%2F094457006777412278">10.1628/094457006777412278</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40753395">40753395</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Abraham+Bar+%E1%B8%A4iyya%27s+Astrological+Work+and+Thought&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E128-%3C%2Fspan%3E158&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1628%2F094457006777412278&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40753395%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sela&rft.aufirst=Shlomo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/A.J.P._Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="A.J.P. Taylor">Taylor, Alan John Percivale</a> (1998). The First World War and its aftermath, 1914–1919. Century of Conflict, 1848–1948. London: Folio Society. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49988231">49988231</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+World+War+and+its+aftermath%2C+1914%E2%80%931919&rft.place=London&rft.series=Century+of+Conflict%2C+1848%E2%80%931948&rft.pub=Folio+Society&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49988231&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Alan+John+Percivale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVital1866" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Hayyim_ben_Joseph_Vital" title="Hayyim ben Joseph Vital">Vital, Hayyim</a> (1866). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hebrewbooks.org/46686">Sefer Ha-tekhunah (ספר התכונה)</a> (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Israel Beck. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1282064644">1282064644</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sefer+Ha-tekhunah+%28%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8+%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94%29&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Israel+Beck&rft.date=1866&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1282064644&rft.aulast=Vital&rft.aufirst=Hayyim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hebrewbooks.org%2F46686&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZarka2011" class="citation journal cs1">Zarka, Philippe (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/890932">"Astronomy and astrology"</a>. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 5 (S260): 420–425. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011IAUS..260..420Z">2011IAUS..260..420Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1743921311002602">10.1017/S1743921311002602</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+International+Astronomical+Union&rft.atitle=Astronomy+and+astrology&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=S260&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E420-%3C%2Fspan%3E425&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1743921311002602&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011IAUS..260..420Z&rft.aulast=Zarka&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F890932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZechariah_ha-Rofé1990" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_ha-Rof%C3%A9" title="Zechariah ha-Rofé">Zechariah ha-Rofé</a> (1990). Havazelet, Meir (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Midrash_ha-Hefez" title="Midrash ha-Hefez">Midrash ha-Ḥefetz</a> (in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Jerusalem: Mossad Harav Kook. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/23773577">23773577</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Midrash+ha-%E1%B8%A4efetz&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Mossad+Harav+Kook&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F23773577&rft.au=Zechariah+ha-Rof%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZechariah_ha-Rofé1992" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_ha-Rof%C3%A9" title="Zechariah ha-Rofé">Zechariah ha-Rofé</a> (1992). Havazelet, Meir (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Midrash_ha-Hefez" title="Midrash ha-Hefez">Midrash ha-Ḥefetz</a> (in Hebrew). Vol. 2. Jerusalem: Mossad Harav Kook. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/23773577">23773577</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Midrash+ha-%E1%B8%A4efetz&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Mossad+Harav+Kook&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F23773577&rft.au=Zechariah+ha-Rof%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_astrology&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBar-Ilan2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%A8-%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9F_(%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8)" class="extiw" title="he:מאיר בר-אילן (חוקר)">Bar-Ilan, Meir</a> [in Hebrew] (2010). Astrology and Other Sciences among the Jews in Land of Israel During the Hellenistic-Roman and Byzantine Periods (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Bialik Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astrology+and+Other+Sciences+among+the+Jews+in+Land+of+Israel+During+the+Hellenistic-Roman+and+Byzantine+Periods&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Bialik+Institute&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Bar-Ilan&rft.aufirst=Meir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCharlesworth1977" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_H._Charlesworth" title="James H. Charlesworth">Charlesworth, J.H.</a> (1977). "Jewish Astrology in the Talmud, Pseudepigrapha, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Early Palestinian Synagogues". The Harvard Theological Review. 70 (3/4). Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Harvard Divinity School: 183–200. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0017816000019908">10.1017/S0017816000019908</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1509628">1509628</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163300042">163300042</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Harvard+Theological+Review&rft.atitle=Jewish+Astrology+in+the+Talmud%2C+Pseudepigrapha%2C+the+Dead+Sea+Scrolls%2C+and+Early+Palestinian+Synagogues&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E183-%3C%2Fspan%3E200&rft.date=1977&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163300042%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1509628%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0017816000019908&rft.aulast=Charlesworth&rft.aufirst=J.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRubenstein2007" class="citation journal cs1">Rubenstein, Jeffrey L. (2007). "Talmudic Astrology: Bavli Šabbat 156a–b". Hebrew Union College Annual. 78. Hebrew Union College Press: 109–148. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23508945">23508945</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hebrew+Union+College+Annual&rft.atitle=Talmudic+Astrology%3A+Bavli+%C5%A0abbat+156a%E2%80%93b&rft.volume=78&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E109-%3C%2Fspan%3E148&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23508945%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Rubenstein&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz1993" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schwartz, Dov (1993), "Astrology and Astral Magic in the Writings of Solomon Alconstantin", Jerusalem Studies in Jewish Folklore (in Hebrew), vol. 15, Mandel Institute for Jewish Studies, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23356290">23356290</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5542562900">5542562900</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Astrology+and+Astral+Magic+in+the+Writings+of+Solomon+Alconstantin&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+Studies+in+Jewish+Folklore&rft.pub=Mandel+Institute+for+Jewish+Studies&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5542562900&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23356290%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Dov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJewish+astrology" class="Z3988"> [Solomon Alconstantin (or Alcostantin) is the author of the book Megalleh ʿAmuqot, which exists in manuscript only and consists of two parts. The first and shorter part, written in 1352 in <a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a>, defends the legitimacy of astrology; its text appears at the end of this paper].</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_astrology&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2051-astrology">Jewish Encyclopedia (1906) – Astrology</a></li> <li>David Clive Rubin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/42727209/ASTROLOGY_IN_THE_TORAH_A_COMPARATIVE_STUDY_OF_ASTROLOGICAL_THEMES_IN_THE_HEBREW_BIBLE_AND_BABYLONIAN_TALMUD?email_work_card=view-paper">Astrology in the Torah: A Comparative Study of Astrological Themes in the Hebrew Bible and Babylonian Talmud</a>, Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of an M.A. in Cultural Astronomy and Astrology, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales_Trinity_Saint_David" title="University of Wales Trinity Saint David">University of Wales Trinity Saint David</a> (January 2019)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/List_of_astrological_traditions,_types,_and_systems" title="List of astrological traditions, types, and systems">Traditions, types, branches and systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg/120px-Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg/180px-Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg/240px-Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="501" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Category:Astrology_by_tradition" title="Category:Astrology by tradition">Astrology by tradition</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_astrology" title="Babylonian astrology">Babylonian astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Burmese_zodiac" title="Burmese zodiac">Burmese zodiac</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_astrology" title="Early Irish astrology">Early Irish astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">Chinese astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_astrology" title="Christian views on astrology">Christian views on astrology</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Magi" title="Magi">Magi</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cosmobiology" title="Cosmobiology">Cosmobiology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_astrology#Astrology_in_Hellenistic_Egypt" title="Hellenistic astrology">Astrology in Hellenistic Egypt</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_School_of_Astrology" title="Hamburg School of Astrology">Hamburg School of Astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_astrology" title="Hellenistic astrology">Hellenistic astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hindu_astrology" title="Hindu astrology">Hindu astrology</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Nadi_astrology" title="Nadi astrology">Nadi astrology</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jewish astrology</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_astrology" title="Jewish views on astrology">Jewish views on astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_astronomy" title="Hebrew astronomy">Hebrew astronomy</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Maya calendar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astrology in the medieval Islamic world">Astrology in the medieval Islamic world</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrology in Sri Lanka">Astrology in Sri Lanka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_astrology" title="Tibetan astrology">Tibetan astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Western_astrology" title="Western astrology">Western astrology</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Category:Astrology_by_type" title="Category:Astrology by type">Astrology by type</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_astrology" title="Agricultural astrology">Agricultural astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Astrometeorology" title="Astrometeorology">Astrometeorology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Electional_astrology" title="Electional astrology">Electional astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alice_Bailey#Esoteric_astrology" title="Alice Bailey">Esoteric astrology</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Classical_planet#Alchemy" title="Classical planet">Classical planets in Western alchemy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Geomancy" title="Geomancy">Geomancy and astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_reading" title="Tarot card reading">Tarot card reading</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Financial_astrology" title="Financial astrology">Financial astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heliocentric_astrology" title="Heliocentric astrology">Heliocentric astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Horary_astrology" title="Horary astrology">Horary astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Horoscopic_astrology" title="Horoscopic astrology">Horoscopic astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Judicial_astrology" title="Judicial astrology">Judicial astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karmic_astrology" title="Karmic astrology">Karmic astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Katarchic_astrology" title="Katarchic astrology">Katarchic astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Locational_astrology" title="Locational astrology">Locational astrology</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Astrocartography" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrocartography">Astrocartography</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Medical_astrology" title="Medical astrology">Medical astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mundane_astrology" title="Mundane astrology">Mundane astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Natal_astrology" title="Natal astrology">Natal astrology</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Horoscope" title="Horoscope">Horoscope</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Psychological_astrology" title="Psychological astrology">Psychological astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sidereal_and_tropical_astrology" title="Sidereal and tropical astrology">Sidereal and tropical astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sun_sign_astrology" title="Sun sign astrology">Sun sign astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Synoptical_astrology" title="Synoptical astrology">Synoptical astrology</a></dd></dl></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_science" title="Astrology and science">Astrology and science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomy" title="Archaeoastronomy">Archaeoastronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrological_age" title="Astrological age">Astrological age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrological_aspect" title="Astrological aspect">Astrological aspect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrological_symbols" title="Astrological symbols">Astrological symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_the_classical_elements" title="Astrology and the classical elements">Astrology and the classical elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_influence_of_astrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural influence of astrology">Cultural influence of astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_astrology" title="Glossary of astrology">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planets_in_astrology" title="Planets in astrology">Planets in astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">Zodiac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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(astrology)">Virgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libra_(astrology)" title="Libra (astrology)">Libra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpio_(astrology)" title="Scorpio (astrology)">Scorpio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_(astrology)" title="Sagittarius (astrology)">Sagittarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capricorn_(astrology)" title="Capricorn (astrology)">Capricorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(astrology)" title="Aquarius (astrology)">Aquarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisces_(astrology)" title="Pisces (astrology)">Pisces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts in <a href="/wiki/Western_astrology" title="Western astrology">Western astrology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_the_classical_elements" title="Astrology and the classical elements">Element</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Ophiuchus_(astrology)" title="Ophiuchus (astrology)">Ophiuchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planets_in_astrology" title="Planets in astrology">Planets in astrology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_symbols" title="Planetary symbols">symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zodiacal_light" title="Zodiacal light">Zodiacal light</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pseudoscience225" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_cult_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Cargo cult science">Cargo cult science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlatan" title="Charlatan">Charlatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crank_(person)" title="Crank (person)">Crank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_theory" title="Fringe theory">Fringe theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_science" title="Fringe science">Fringe science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoarchaeology" title="Pseudoarchaeology">Pseudoarchaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">Pseudohistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudomathematics" title="Pseudomathematics">Pseudomathematics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_science" title="Junk science">Junk science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathological_science" title="Pathological science">Pathological science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">Quackery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_oil" title="Snake oil">Snake oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superseded_theories_in_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Superseded theories in science">Superseded scientific theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True-believer_syndrome" title="True-believer syndrome">True-believer syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voodoo_Science" title="Voodoo Science">Voodoo Science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience" title="List of topics characterized as pseudoscience">Topics characterized as pseudoscience</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medicine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acupuncture" title="Acupuncture">Acupuncture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatherapy" title="Aromatherapy">Aromatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrenal_fatigue" title="Adrenal fatigue">Adrenal fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophic_medicine" title="Anthroposophic medicine">Anthroposophic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_kinesiology" title="Applied kinesiology">Applied kinesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bates_method" title="Bates method">Bates method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biorhythm_(pseudoscience)" title="Biorhythm (pseudoscience)">Biorhythms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloodletting" title="Bloodletting">Bloodletting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_memory" title="Body memory">Body memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiropractic" title="Chiropractic">Chiropractic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromotherapy" title="Chromotherapy">Chromotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correactology" title="Correactology">Correactology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryonics" title="Cryonics">Cryonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_healing" title="Crystal healing">Crystal healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupping_therapy" title="Cupping therapy">Cupping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detoxification_(alternative_medicine)" title="Detoxification (alternative medicine)">Detoxification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colon_cleansing" title="Colon cleansing">Colon cleansing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctrine_of_signatures" title="Doctrine of signatures">Doctrine of signatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doktor_Koster%27s_Antigaspills" title="Doktor Koster's Antigaspills">Doktor Koster's Antigaspills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_candling" title="Ear candling">Ear candling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_hypersensitivity" title="Electromagnetic hypersensitivity">Electromagnetic hypersensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_medicine" title="Energy medicine">Energy medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fad_diet" title="Fad diet">Fad diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FasciaBlaster" title="FasciaBlaster">FasciaBlaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germ_theory_denialism" title="Germ theory denialism">Germ theory denialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialism" title="HIV/AIDS denialism">HIV/AIDS denialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">Homeopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humorism" title="Humorism">Humorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridology" title="Iridology">Iridology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaky_gut_syndrome" title="Leaky gut syndrome">Leaky gut syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_chemicals_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ chemicals conspiracy theory">LGBTQ chemicals conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_effect" title="Lunar effect">Lunar effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrobiotic_diet" title="Macrobiotic diet">Macrobiotic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_therapy" title="Magnet therapy">Magnet therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Mineral_Supplement" title="Miracle Mineral Supplement">Miracle Mineral Supplement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">Naturopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmistry" title="Palmistry">Palmistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchagavya" title="Panchagavya">Panchagavya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_medicine" title="Patent medicine">Patent medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrenology" title="Phrenology">Phrenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primal_therapy" title="Primal therapy">Primal therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radionics" title="Radionics">Radionics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki">Reiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">Traditional Chinese medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trepanning" title="Trepanning">Trepanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_subluxation" title="Vertebral subluxation">Vertebral subluxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine_syndrome" title="Wind turbine syndrome">Wind turbine syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_blood_transfusion" title="Young blood transfusion">Young blood transfusion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_phenomenon" title="2012 phenomenon">2012 phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_astronauts" title="Ancient astronauts">Ancient astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Salibi#Arabian_Judah_theory" title="Kamal Salibi">Arabian Judah theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophism" title="Catastrophism">Catastrophism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5G#Misinformation_and_controversy" title="5G">5G conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9/11_conspiracy_theories" title="9/11 conspiracy theories">9/11 conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemtrail_conspiracy_theory" title="Chemtrail conspiracy theory">Chemtrail conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">Climate change denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Moon landing conspiracy theories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">Conversion therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation#Generational_theory" title="Generation">Generational theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Generationism" title="Generationism">Generationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strauss%E2%80%93Howe_generational_theory" title="Strauss–Howe generational theory">Strauss–Howe generational theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollow_Earth" title="Hollow Earth">Hollow Earth theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigo_children" title="Indigo children">Indigo children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japhetic_theory" title="Japhetic theory">Japhetic theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_archaeology" title="Nazi archaeology">Nazi archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibiru_cataclysm" title="Nibiru cataclysm">Nibiru cataclysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoarchaeology" title="Pseudoarchaeology">Pseudoarchaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">Pseudohistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_denial" title="Genocide denial">Genocide denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_negationism" title="Historical negationism">Historical negationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudolaw" title="Pseudolaw">Pseudolaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recovered-memory_therapy" title="Recovered-memory therapy">Recovered-memory therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Past_life_regression" title="Past life regression">Past life regression</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanin_theory" title="Melanin theory">Melanin theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myers%E2%80%93Briggs_Type_Indicator" title="Myers–Briggs Type Indicator">Myers–Briggs Type Indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enneagram_of_Personality" title="Enneagram of Personality">Enneagram of Personality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gravity" title="Anti-gravity">Anti-gravity‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_fusion" title="Cold fusion">Cold fusion‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faster-than-light" title="Faster-than-light">Faster-than-light travel</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_motion" title="Perpetual motion">Perpetual motion</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_mysticism" title="Quantum mysticism">Quantum mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionless_drive" title="Reactionless drive">Reactionless drive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dean_drive" title="Dean drive">Dean drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EmDrive" title="EmDrive">EMDrive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleportation" title="Teleportation">Teleportation‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tractor_beam" title="Tractor beam">Tractor beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water-fueled_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Water-fueled car">Water-fueled car</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_ape_hypothesis" title="Aquatic ape hypothesis">Aquatic ape hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodynamic_agriculture" title="Biodynamic agriculture">Biodynamic agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_transmutation" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological transmutation">Biological transmutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_science" title="Creation science">Creation science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptozoology" title="Cryptozoology">Cryptozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianetics" title="Dianetics">Dianetics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auditing_(Scientology)" title="Auditing (Scientology)">Auditing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowsing" title="Dowsing">Dowsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomenon" title="Electronic voice phenomenon">Electronic voice phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facilitated_communication" title="Facilitated communication">Facilitated communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_shui" title="Feng shui">Feng shui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_Earth" title="Flat Earth">Flat Earth theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphology" title="Graphology">Graphology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">Intelligent design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laundry_ball" title="Laundry ball">Laundry ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_attraction_(New_Thought)" title="Law of attraction (New Thought)">Law of attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levitation_(paranormal)" title="Levitation (paranormal)">Levitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysenkoism" title="Lysenkoism">Lysenkoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerology" title="Numerology">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgone" title="Orgone">Orgone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygraph" title="Polygraph">Polygraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscientific_metrology" title="Pseudoscientific metrology">Pseudoscientific metrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_prompting_method" title="Rapid prompting method">Rapid prompting method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statement_analysis" title="Statement analysis">Statement analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufology" title="Ufology">Ufology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_stress_analysis" title="Voice stress analysis">Voice stress analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_memory" title="Water memory">Water memory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Promoters of pseudoscience</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sucharit_Bhakdi" title="Sucharit Bhakdi">Sucharit Bhakdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Bigtree" title="Del Bigtree">Del Bigtree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_and_Grichka_Bogdanoff" title="Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff">Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Boisselier" title="Brigitte Boisselier">Brigitte Boisselier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhonda_Byrne" title="Rhonda Byrne">Rhonda Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charroux" title="Robert Charroux">Robert Charroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepak_Chopra" title="Deepak Chopra">Deepak Chopra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonaid" title="Clonaid">Clonaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Coleman" title="Vernon Coleman">Vernon Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_L._Donnelly" title="Ignatius L. Donnelly">Ignatius L. Donnelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia,_Inc." title="Gaia, Inc.">Gaia, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Gerson" title="Max Gerson">Max Gerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Gonzalez_(physician)" title="Nicholas Gonzalez (physician)">Nicholas Gonzalez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goop_(company)" title="Goop (company)">Goop (company)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Hancock" title="Graham Hancock">Graham Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Icke" title="David Icke">David Icke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Donald_Kelley" title="William Donald Kelley">William Donald Kelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corentin_Louis_Kervran" title="Corentin Louis Kervran">Corentin Louis Kervran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Light_(newspaper)" title="The Light (newspaper)">The Light (newspaper)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Lindell" title="Mike Lindell">Mike Lindell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_McCarthy" title="Jenny McCarthy">Jenny McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mercola" title="Joseph Mercola">Joseph Mercola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Mikovits" title="Judy Mikovits">Judy Mikovits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ayush" title="Ministry of Ayush">Ministry of Ayush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Morell" title="Theodor Morell">Theodor Morell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Alfred_Nieper" title="Hans Alfred Nieper">Hans Alfred Nieper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Oz" title="Mehmet Oz">Mehmet Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABl" title="Raël">Raël</a> (<a href="/wiki/Claude_Vorilhon" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Vorilhon">Claude Vorilhon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Starbuck" title="Robby Starbuck">Robby Starbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_Stone" title="Randolph Stone">Randolph Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson" title="Paul Joseph Watson">Paul Joseph Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wakefield" title="Andrew Wakefield">Andrew Wakefield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogdanov_affair" title="Bogdanov affair">Bogdanov affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_pseudoscience" title="Bourgeois pseudoscience">Bourgeois pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demarcation_problem" title="Demarcation problem">Demarcation problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">Scientific method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppressed_research_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppressed research in the Soviet Union">Suppressed research in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cults_of_Unreason" title="Cults of Unreason">Cults of Unreason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Encyclopedia_of_Claims,_Frauds,_and_Hoaxes_of_the_Occult_and_Supernatural" title="An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural">An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fads_and_Fallacies_in_the_Name_of_Science" title="Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science">Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortean_Times" title="Fortean Times">Fortean Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Randi_Educational_Foundation" title="James Randi Educational Foundation">James Randi Educational Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackwatch" title="Quackwatch">Quackwatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Demon-Haunted_World" title="The Demon-Haunted World">The Demon-Haunted World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Natural_History_of_Quackery" class="mw-redirect" title="The Natural History of Quackery">The Natural History of Quackery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Psychology_of_the_Occult" title="The Psychology of the Occult">The Psychology of the Occult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ragged_Edge_of_Science" title="The Ragged Edge of Science">The Ragged Edge of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Skeptic_Encyclopedia_of_Pseudoscience" title="The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience">The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Skeptic%27s_Dictionary" title="The Skeptic's Dictionary">The Skeptic's Dictionary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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