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The hidden meanings in a 16th-Century female nude
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dateTime="2024-11-20T10:53:09.568Z" class="sc-b42e7a8f-2 bGezbH">20 November 2024</time><div class="sc-b42e7a8f-3 cFXrjb"><!--$!--><!--/$--></div></div><div data-testid="byline-new-contributors" class="sc-b42e7a8f-12 fcCDwR"><div class="sc-b42e7a8f-5 evAEAB"><div><span class="sc-b42e7a8f-7 khDNZq">Deborah Nicholls-Lee</span><div class="sc-b42e7a8f-8 jtKrhe"><span></span></div></div></div></div><div class="sc-b42e7a8f-4 cVwCpL"><!--$!--><!--/$--></div></div></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 ejjhCR"><div data-testid="hero-image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0k5mhdd.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0k5mhdd.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0k5mhdd.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k5mhdd.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0k5mhdd.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0k5mhdd.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0k5mhdd.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0k5mhdd.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0k5mhdd.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k5mhdd.jpg.webp" alt="The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust Raphael's The Three Graces (c1517-18) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust) p0k5lx22" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">Raphael's The Three Graces (c1517-18) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)<!-- --></figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><b id="how-a-rarely-seen-drawing-of-the-three-graces-by-raphael-reveals-the-era's-ideas-about-nudity,-modesty,-shame-–-and-the-artist's-genius.-it's-part-of-an-exhibition,-drawing-the-italian-renaissance-–-at-the-king's-gallery,-buckingham-palace-–-of-drawings-from-1450-to-1600,-the-biggest-of-its-kind-ever-shown-in-the-uk." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf">How a rarely-seen drawing of the Three Graces by Raphael reveals the era's ideas about nudity, modesty, shame – and the artist's genius. It's part of an exhibition, Drawing the Italian Renaissance – at The King's Gallery, Buckingham Palace – of drawings from 1450 to 1600, the biggest of its kind ever shown in the UK.<!-- --></b></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">A wandering <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.rct.uk/collection/901514/a-landscape-with-a-lobster" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">lobster<!-- --></a> and a sturdy <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.rct.uk/collection/exhibitions/drawing-the-italian-renaissance/the-kings-gallery-buckingham-palace/an-ostrich" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">ostrich<!-- --></a> feature among the 150 chalk, metalpoint and ink drawings on show at <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.rct.uk/collection/exhibitions/drawing-the-italian-renaissance/the-kings-gallery-buckingham-palace" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Drawing The Italian Renaissance<!-- --></a>, at the King's Gallery, Buckingham Palace. Created by Renaissance giants such as <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20191107-the-men-who-leonardo-da-vinci-loved" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Leonardo da Vinci<!-- --></a>, <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20230227-the-original-and-most-iconic-male-model" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Michelangelo<!-- --></a>, <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200910-the-school-of-athens-a-detail-hidden-in-a-masterpiece" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Raphael<!-- --></a> and <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200813-the-secret-toilet-humour-in-a-titian-masterpiece" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Titian<!-- --></a>, often in preparation for larger painted tableaux, the works are thought to have entered the <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.rct.uk/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Royal Collection<!-- --></a> in the 17th Century under Charles II, several as gifts. For more than 30 of them, it's their first time ever on public display. Rarely shown due to their fragility, these fascinating drawings – which, at the time, were beginning to be recognised as artworks in their own right – make up the broadest exhibition of Italian drawings from 1450 to 1600 ever shown in the UK.<!-- --></p></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0k5lx22.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0k5lx22.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0k5lx22.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k5lx22.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0k5lx22.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0k5lx22.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0k5lx22.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0k5lx22.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0k5lx22.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k5lx22.jpg.webp" alt="The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust Raphael's The Three Graces (c1517-18) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">Raphael's The Three Graces (c1517-18) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)<!-- --></figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Rarer still than these animal studies are the drawings of female nudes, outnumbered by a factor of three by an abundance of naked men. "The male body is this absolute focus of creativity," explained Renaissance historian <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.brookes.ac.uk/profiles/staff/maya-corry" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Maya Corry<!-- --></a>, discussing the exhibition on BBC Radio 4's Front Row in October. "This is a Christian society and it's the male body, not the female body, that's made in God's image." Leonardo Da Vinci's <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.gallerieaccademia.it/en/study-proportions-human-body-known-vitruvian-man" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Vitruvian Man<!-- --></a>, with his ideal body proportions, is a case in point. It is the male physique, she said, that "comes closest to divine perfection" in those times.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">There were practical issues, too. "The artist's workshop would have been a male environment, and in the absence of 'professional models' it would have gone against all societal norms for a woman to undress in front of any man other than her husband," Martin Clayton, the exhibition's curator, tells the BBC. It was male models who would pose for Michelangelo, for example, when he needed a female figure. "This led to misunderstandings and distortions in depictions of the female body."<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_1" id="dotcom-mid_1" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="quote-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><div class="sc-9967660-0 WkJHg"><div class="sc-9967660-1 dBFvZy"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" category="personalisation" icon="quote" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M9.83967 17.2131C9.205 17.2131 8.62967 17.3124 8.07567 17.5058C8.63767 13.3384 10.9143 10.0091 14.7517 6.88708H10.0903C6.281 10.2704 4.00033 14.6318 4.00033 20.0451C4.00033 24.4311 6.35567 26.9371 9.78967 26.9371C13.0223 26.9371 14.9023 24.5564 14.9023 21.9751C14.9023 19.2184 12.7217 17.2131 9.83967 17.2131Z"></path><path d="M22.2957 17.2131C21.6611 17.2131 21.0864 17.3124 20.5317 17.5058C21.0931 13.3384 23.3704 10.0091 27.2077 6.88708H22.5464C18.7371 10.2704 16.4811 14.6318 16.4811 20.0451C16.4811 24.4311 18.8117 26.9371 22.2457 26.9371C25.4784 26.9371 27.3584 24.5564 27.3584 21.9751C27.3584 19.2184 25.1777 17.2131 22.2957 17.2131Z"></path></svg></div><span class="sc-9967660-2 bBAxiJ">Unclothed, the complexity of the human body was the ultimate test of a Renaissance artist's talent</span></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Raphael, however, was among the first to buck the trend, sketching female nudes based on real life models. "He was a highly pragmatic artist, who used drawing brilliantly to tackle visual problems, and to work very quickly from first idea to final composition," says Clayton. The drawings "allow us to see the artist's immediate responses to the living figure as they investigated pose, proportion, movement and anatomical detail," he adds. In the case of Raphael, "his simultaneous decisiveness and openness to variations and possibilities is always on display."<!-- --></p></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0k5m0lf.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0k5m0lf.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0k5m0lf.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k5m0lf.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0k5m0lf.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0k5m0lf.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0k5m0lf.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0k5m0lf.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0k5m0lf.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k5m0lf.jpg.webp" alt="The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust Leonardo da Vinci's The Virgin and Child with infant Baptist, and heads in profile (c 1478–80) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">Leonardo da Vinci's The Virgin and Child with infant Baptist, and heads in profile (c 1478–80) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)<!-- --></figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Raphael’s <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.rct.uk/collection/912754/the-three-graces" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">The Three Graces<!-- --></a> (c1517-18), a work in red chalk with evidence of some metalpoint underdrawing, reveals the artist's genius at work. As he moves a single model through three different poses, we witness the meticulous process behind creating the exuberant fresco <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.wga.hu/art/r/raphael/5roma/4a/07farnes.jpg" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">The Wedding Feast of Cupid and Psyche<!-- --></a>, where these three figures will eventually feature, anointing the newlyweds to confer their future happiness. Unclothed, the complexity of the human body was the ultimate test of a Renaissance artist's talent, while also satisfying the era's passion for science. The women's shapely biceps and quadriceps speak to the same interest in anatomy that we see in Da Vinci's densely annotated <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.rct.uk/collection/919014/recto-the-muscles-of-the-leg-verso-the-muscles-of-the-trunk-and-leg" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">The Muscles of the Leg<!-- --></a> (c1510-11), also on display. But there's a softness about the face and abdomen that is missing from the exhibition's depictions of men, such as <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.rct.uk/collection/902244/the-head-of-a-youth" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">The Head of a Youth<!-- --></a> (c1590) with its angular jaw, attributed to Pietro Faccini, or Bartolomeo Passarotti's sinewy <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.rct.uk/collection/exhibitions/drawing-the-italian-renaissance/the-kings-gallery-buckingham-palace/st-jerome" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">St Jerome<!-- --></a> (c1580).<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB"><h2 class="sc-518485e5-0 kRvAla"><span id="the-feminine-ideal" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kPypaC"><b id="the-feminine-ideal" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf">The feminine ideal<!-- --></b></span></h2></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Much like Michelangelo's <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20230227-the-original-and-most-iconic-male-model" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">David<!-- --></a>, sculpted a decade earlier, Raphael appears to chase an ideal – even when drawing from life. In <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/art-design/2022/04/raphael-the-painter-of-perfection" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">a letter<!-- --></a> reportedly written to his friend Baldassare Castiglione in 1514, he expresses the struggle of capturing perfection in real life. "To paint one beautiful woman I would have to see several beauties," he writes. "But since both good judgement and beautiful women are scarce, I make use of a certain idea that comes to mind."<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_2" id="dotcom-mid_2" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0k5lxch.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0k5lxch.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0k5lxch.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k5lxch.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0k5lxch.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0k5lxch.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0k5lxch.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0k5lxch.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0k5lxch.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k5lxch.jpg.webp" alt="The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust Federico Barocci's The Head of the Virgin (c1582) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">Federico Barocci's The Head of the Virgin (c1582) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)<!-- --></figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">In Raphael's The Three Graces, "beauty" means hairless, unblemished skin, and breasts and buttocks as perfectly round as the apples the trio clutch in his <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://chateaudechantilly.fr/en/collection/the-three-graces-by-raphael/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">c1504-1505 treatment<!-- --></a> of the myth. When Sandro Botticelli made the Graces a feature of his vast tableau <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.uffizi.it/en/artworks/botticelli-spring" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Spring<!-- --></a>, feminine softness was emphasised by flowing hair and diaphanous fabrics, while <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.rct.uk/collection/405704/the-three-graces" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Pietro Liberi<!-- --></a>'s post-Renaissance rendition of the subject (c1670-80) features the rosy cheeks and marble flesh that we see in works such as Federico Barocci's <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.rct.uk/collection/905231/the-head-of-a-young-woman" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">The Head of the Virgin<!-- --></a> (c1582), painted a century earlier, and also on display at the King's Gallery.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="quote-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><div class="sc-9967660-0 WkJHg"><div class="sc-9967660-1 dBFvZy"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" category="personalisation" icon="quote" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M9.83967 17.2131C9.205 17.2131 8.62967 17.3124 8.07567 17.5058C8.63767 13.3384 10.9143 10.0091 14.7517 6.88708H10.0903C6.281 10.2704 4.00033 14.6318 4.00033 20.0451C4.00033 24.4311 6.35567 26.9371 9.78967 26.9371C13.0223 26.9371 14.9023 24.5564 14.9023 21.9751C14.9023 19.2184 12.7217 17.2131 9.83967 17.2131Z"></path><path d="M22.2957 17.2131C21.6611 17.2131 21.0864 17.3124 20.5317 17.5058C21.0931 13.3384 23.3704 10.0091 27.2077 6.88708H22.5464C18.7371 10.2704 16.4811 14.6318 16.4811 20.0451C16.4811 24.4311 18.8117 26.9371 22.2457 26.9371C25.4784 26.9371 27.3584 24.5564 27.3584 21.9751C27.3584 19.2184 25.1777 17.2131 22.2957 17.2131Z"></path></svg></div><span class="sc-9967660-2 bBAxiJ">The Three Graces may have formed part of the trope of 'virtuous nudity', where nakedness was an indication of truthfulness and purity – elsewhere it was associated with shame – Julia Biggs</span></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">The rarity of female painters and patrons in the Renaissance meant that artworks inevitably reflected the male gaze. "Perceptions of gender and women's subordinate role in Renaissance culture played out in images, and especially portraits, with images of men stressing their social, political or professional role and status – the masculine ideal being very much one of forceful mastery," says historian and author <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.rah-cam.com/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Julia Biggs<!-- --></a>, an expert in Renaissance art history. "By contrast, the women encountered in portraits from this time are portrayed primarily in relation to the traits of ideal (youthful) feminine beauty, virtuousness (modesty, humility, obedience) and motherhood." <!-- --></p></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0k5lx4q.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0k5lx4q.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0k5lx4q.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k5lx4q.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0k5lx4q.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0k5lx4q.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0k5lx4q.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0k5lx4q.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0k5lx4q.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k5lx4q.jpg.webp" alt="The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust The Virgin and Child (c1570-80) by Bernadino Campi (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">The Virgin and Child (c1570-80) by Bernadino Campi (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)<!-- --></figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_3" id="dotcom-mid_3" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">As deifications of charm, elegance and beauty, <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-three-graces-inspired-centuries-artists-botticelli-picasso" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">the<!-- --></a> Graces (Euphrosyne, Aglaea and Thalia), daughters of the Greek God Zeus, reflect a male view in their Renaissance depictions, not just of what a woman should look like, but also of how she should behave. They embody this nebulous concept of grace – closely associated with Raphael – which patrons were keen to attach to their image. It was a term that was bound up with distinction, benevolence and love, while the Graces' circular dance suggests balance and harmony − key principles of the Renaissance aesthetic. As a group, they combine a patriarchal lesson on feminine virtue with, unwittingly perhaps, a celebration of the female form and the sisterhood of female bonding.<!-- --></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><b id="more-like-this:" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf">More like this:<!-- --></b></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">• <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20241106-these-five-bizarre-surrealist-artworks-are-not-what-they-seem" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">These five bizarre artworks are not what they seem<!-- --></a></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><a target="_blank" href="" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"></a>• <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20241108-the-climate-warnings-in-19th-century-paintings" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">The climate warnings in 19th-Century paintings<!-- --></a></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><a target="_blank" href="" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"></a>•<!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20241101-weird-and-wonderful-gatherings-in-the-us" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"> Eight vintage photos of the quirkiest US groups<!-- --></a></p></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">At the time, female nudity had different connotations. On the one hand, Biggs tells the BBC, the Three Graces "may have formed part of the trope of 'virtuous nudity', where nakedness was "an indication of truthfulness and purity". Elsewhere, however, female nudity was "associated with shame". In Masacchio's fresco <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.artchive.com/artwork/expulsion-from-the-garden-of-eden-masaccio-c-1424-28/" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">Expulsion from the Garden of Eden<!-- --></a> (c1424-27), only Eve, branded sinful, covers her genitals, while Biggs notes that "as part of the <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Votive_Panels_and_Popular_Piety_in_Early/rdaaAAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=ferrara+italy+scopa+ritual+humiliation+run+naked+through+the+city&pg=PA191&printsec=frontcover" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"><i id="la" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">la<!-- --></i> <!-- --><i id="scopa" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">scopa<!-- --></i></a><i id="–" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> – <!-- --></i>the ritual humiliation of adulterous women in Ferrara, Italy – women were made to run naked through the city".<!-- --></p></div><figure><div data-component="image-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG"><div data-testid="image" class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0k5lxg8.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0k5lxg8.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0k5lxg8.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k5lxg8.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0k5lxg8.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0k5lxg8.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0k5lxg8.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0k5lxg8.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0k5lxg8.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0k5lxg8.jpg.webp" alt="The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust Drawing the Italian Renaissance is an exhibition at the King's Gallery, Buckingham Palace (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/><span class="sc-a34861b-2 fxQYxK">The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust</span></div></div><div data-component="caption-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ"><figcaption class="sc-8353772e-0 cvNhQw">Drawing the Italian Renaissance is an exhibition at the King's Gallery, Buckingham Palace (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)<!-- --></figcaption></div></figure><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe">Such female nudity contrasted sharply with the modest female dress code of Renaissance Italy. "In public, the majority of women would cover their bodies from just underneath the collarbone down to their ankles, and cover their arms," Biggs explains. Mythological and Biblical scenes gave artists a pretext to disrobe them, and also answered, says Biggs, the desire of male patrons to display "erotic erudition" or perhaps even "pay tribute to their own sexual prowess". Even when the women are dressed, Drawing the Italian Renaissance reflects the dichotomous roles available to them, from a seductress in Annibale Carracci's <!-- --><a target="_blank" href="https://www.rct.uk/collection/912784/the-temptation-of-st-anthony" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB">The Temptation of St Anthony<!-- --></a> (c1595) to13 different Virgin Marys by Michelangelo, Da Vinci and their contemporaries. Yet, the exhibition suggests that we do more than simply stand back and drink in the Renaissance in all its flourishes and flaws. In place of the conventional catalogue is an illustrated sketchbook, and drawing materials are found in the galleries. We are invited to engage with the works through our own creative endeavour – for some an opportunity, perhaps, to redraw their definition of male and female. <!-- --></p></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_4" id="dotcom-mid_4" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ"><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.rct.uk/collection/exhibitions/drawing-the-italian-renaissance/the-kings-gallery-buckingham-palace" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"><i id="drawing-the-italian-renaissance" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">Drawing The Italian Renaissance<!-- --></i></a><i id="is-at-the-king" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> is at the King<!-- --></i>'<!-- --><i id="s-gallery,-buckingham-palace-until-9-march-2025" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog">s Gallery, Buckingham Palace until 9 March 2025<!-- --></i></p></div><div data-component="text-block" 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data-testid="texas-line" class="sc-7a382a26-0 cZNAZj"/></div><div data-testid="section-title-wrapper" class="sc-7a382a26-3 gOPBZn"><div><div class="sc-7a382a26-7 jlJwDB"><span data-testid="texas-title" class="sc-7a382a26-4 gtFsyR">Watch<!-- --></span></div></div></div></div><div data-testid="texas-grid" class="sc-8a8cf983-0 iYKspt"><div class="sc-8a8cf983-1 gaQDrT"><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0j9t81p/shahmaran-the-mythical-symbol-inspiring-turkish-artists" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0j9tv80.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0j9tv80.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0j9tv80.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0j9tv80.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0j9tv80.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0j9tv80.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0j9tv80.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0j9tv80.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0j9tv80.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0j9tv80.jpg.webp" alt="Shahmaran: The mythic symbol inspiring Turkish artists" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Shahmaran: The mythical symbol inspiring Turkish artists<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">The 'Shahmaran', half-woman and half-snake, is a mythical figure popular in the folklore of Turkey. </p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">12 Jul 2024</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Art & Design</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0gzt8fd/what-do-we-mean-when-we-talk-about-islamic-art-" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0h0kr1v.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0h0kr1v.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0h0kr1v.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0h0kr1v.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0h0kr1v.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0h0kr1v.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0h0kr1v.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0h0kr1v.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0h0kr1v.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0h0kr1v.jpg.webp" alt="What do we mean by 'Islamic art'?" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">What do we mean when we talk about 'Islamic art'?<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Art critic Alastair Sooke travels to Doha to discover some of the treasures of the Museum of Islamic Art.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">19 Dec 2023</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Art & Design</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0gzw45x/blue-quran-a-rare-1-000-year-old-masterpiece" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0gzwcp7.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0gzwcp7.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0gzwcp7.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0gzwcp7.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0gzwcp7.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0gzwcp7.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0gzwcp7.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0gzwcp7.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0gzwcp7.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0gzwcp7.jpg.webp" alt="Blue Quran: A rare 1,000-year-old masterpiece" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Blue Quran: A rare 1,000-year-old masterpiece<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Art critic Alastair Sooke learns about a masterpiece of the Islamic world at Doha's Museum of Islamic Art.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">19 Dec 2023</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Art & Design</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p06qycf5/taiwan-s-last-cinema-poster-painter" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p06qctt9.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p06qctt9.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p06qctt9.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p06qctt9.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p06qctt9.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p06qctt9.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p06qctt9.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p06qctt9.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p06qctt9.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p06qctt9.jpg.webp" alt="Yan Jhen-Fa is Taiwan&#39;s last film poster painter" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Taiwan's last cinema poster painter<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Partially blind, he vows to continue until he can no longer see.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">9 Nov 2023</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Art</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0gq3vps/the-naked-portrait-covered-up-for-centuries" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0gq5zc4.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0gq5zc4.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0gq5zc4.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0gq5zc4.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0gq5zc4.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0gq5zc4.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0gq5zc4.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0gq5zc4.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0gq5zc4.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0gq5zc4.jpg.webp" alt="Artemisia Gentileschi" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The naked portrait covered up for centuries<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Artemisia Gentileschi: Revealing the true beauty of a censored painting.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">3 Nov 2023</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Art</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0dm69tw/what-s-behind-mona-lisa-s-indescribable-smile-" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0dmc61h.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0dmc61h.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0dmc61h.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0dmc61h.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0dmc61h.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0dmc61h.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0dmc61h.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0dmc61h.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0dmc61h.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0dmc61h.jpg.webp" alt="Is Mona Lisa really smiling?" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">What’s behind Mona Lisa’s indescribable smile?<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Art critics explain why people see Mona Lisa’s smile in different ways.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">19 May 2023</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Art</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0crtd9v/chromophobia-who-stole-the-colour-from-classical-art-" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0cypjgf.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0cypjgf.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0cypjgf.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0cypjgf.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0cypjgf.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0cypjgf.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0cypjgf.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0cypjgf.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0cypjgf.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0cypjgf.jpg.webp" alt="Greek sculpture" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Chromophobia: Who stole the colour from classical art?<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">The way we see ancient Greek and Roman sculpture isn't actually the way it was first created.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">6 Sep 2022</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Art</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p0c9th22/the-world-s-oldest-tattoo-parlour" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0c9tlwn.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0c9tlwn.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0c9tlwn.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0c9tlwn.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0c9tlwn.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0c9tlwn.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0c9tlwn.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0c9tlwn.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0c9tlwn.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0c9tlwn.jpg.webp" alt="2 CPYMK8" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The world's oldest tattoo parlour<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">The Razzouk family are tattoo artists whose history of inking Christian pilgrims stretches back over 700 years.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">10 Jun 2022</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Art</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p09bh2bz/the-island-utopia-that-became-a-social-experiment" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p09blkfv.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p09blkfv.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p09blkfv.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p09blkfv.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p09blkfv.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p09blkfv.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p09blkfv.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p09blkfv.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p09blkfv.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p09blkfv.jpg.webp" alt="Screenshot 2021 03 22 at 23 10 42" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The island utopia that became a social experiment<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">How a remote island became a world-renowned art colony.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">23 Feb 2022</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Art</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p09927rx/the-microcosm-and-the-macrocosm-of-frida-and-diego" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0994qbp.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0994qbp.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0994qbp.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0994qbp.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0994qbp.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0994qbp.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0994qbp.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0994qbp.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0994qbp.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0994qbp.jpg.webp" alt="B7 R893" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The microcosm and the macrocosm of Frida and Diego<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">How an iconic artist couple maintained an open marriage and inspired each other.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">23 Feb 2022</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Art</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p09869hf/how-the-world-s-most-creative-groups-came-up-with-ideas" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p098f584.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p098f584.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p098f584.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p098f584.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p098f584.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p098f584.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p098f584.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p098f584.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p098f584.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p098f584.jpg.webp" alt="How do the most creative minds get their ideas" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">How the world's most creative groups came up with ideas<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">The often overlooked factor behind history's most innovative art, from the Sistine Chapel to the Bauhaus.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">23 Feb 2022</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Art</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p08tmz1r/the-2m-erotic-drawings-hidden-from-the-world" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p090cplg.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p090cplg.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p090cplg.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p090cplg.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p090cplg.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p090cplg.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p090cplg.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p090cplg.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p090cplg.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p090cplg.jpg.webp" alt="Part of an erotic drawing by artist Duncan Grant" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The £2m erotic drawings hidden from the world<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">A massive haul of drawings by Bloomsbury Group artist Duncan Grant is finally made public.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">23 Feb 2022</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Art</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p08s68rc/how-a-virtual-art-class-changed-a-man-s-life" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p08xmpyh.png.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p08xmpyh.png.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p08xmpyh.png.webp 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class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">23 Feb 2022</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Art</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p07n8wth/the-hidden-treasure-kept-in-china-s-forbidden-city" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p07n9fpk.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p07n9fpk.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p07n9fpk.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p07n9fpk.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p07n9fpk.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p07n9fpk.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p07n9fpk.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p07n9fpk.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p07n9fpk.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p07n9fpk.jpg.webp" alt="CALLIGRAPHY PAINTING FINE CUT copy" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The hidden treasure kept in China's Forbidden City<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">A glimpse of a rare artwork before it’s hidden for three years in the Forbidden City</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">23 Feb 2022</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Art</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p07n8sxd/unveiling-the-legend-behind-a-mythical-ancient-ruler" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p07n9ffy.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p07n9ffy.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p07n9ffy.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p07n9ffy.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p07n9ffy.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p07n9ffy.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p07n9ffy.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p07n9ffy.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p07n9ffy.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p07n9ffy.jpg.webp" alt="SAGE KING YU FINE CUT v2 8 copy 2" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">Unveiling the legend behind a mythical ancient ruler<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">A single piece of jade tells the story of mythical Chinese ruler Sage King Yu</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">23 Feb 2022</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Art</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p07n1krx/the-rare-painting-that-can-only-be-viewed-for-30-minutes" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p093sd37.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p093sd37.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p093sd37.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p093sd37.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p093sd37.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p093sd37.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p093sd37.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p093sd37.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p093sd37.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p093sd37.jpg.webp" alt="Uncovering a 1000 year old painting in CGI" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The rare painting that can only be viewed for 30 minutes<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Digital imagery allows a rare 1000-year-old painting to be explored in an exciting new way</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">23 Feb 2022</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Art</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p07n1hjf/the-chair-that-took-10-000-man-hours-to-create" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p07nj4zk.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p07nj4zk.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p07nj4zk.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p07nj4zk.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p07nj4zk.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p07nj4zk.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p07nj4zk.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p07nj4zk.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p07nj4zk.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p07nj4zk.jpg.webp" alt="China chair Still" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The chair that took 10,000 man-hours to create<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">This elaborate chair took 10,000 hours to create, but what was its purpose?</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">23 Feb 2022</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Art</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p07n1fhg/the-woman-who-shaped-history-through-silk" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p07nj5b4.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p07nj5b4.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p07nj5b4.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p07nj5b4.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p07nj5b4.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p07nj5b4.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p07nj5b4.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p07nj5b4.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p07nj5b4.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p07nj5b4.jpg.webp" alt="Silk pioneer" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">The woman who shaped history through silk<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Lady Han’s unique needlework transformed the intricate art of silk embroidery</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">23 Feb 2022</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Art</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo"><div data-testid="edinburgh-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/reel/video/p07dtbbv/-painting-is-very-similar-to-a-therapy-session-" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div data-testid="edinburgh-video" class="sc-b8778340-0 bZpnTf"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p07dtcq3.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p07dtcq3.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p07dtcq3.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p07dtcq3.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p07dtcq3.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p07dtcq3.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p07dtcq3.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p07dtcq3.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p07dtcq3.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p07dtcq3.jpg.webp" alt="Charlie Schaffer" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div><div data-testid="content-type-label" class="sc-a05a8833-0 kYlOvy"><div data-testid="content-type-icon-wrapper" class="sc-a05a8833-1 dMNBUc"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="30" height="30" category="playback-avkx" icon="play" type="playback-avkx:play" class="sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou"><path d="M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 hxRodh"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 knMbnp">‘Painting is very similar to a therapy session’<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-b8778340-4 fsrXqA">Charlie's sittings with Imara helped them through an incredibly poignant time in both of their lives.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 gRptTt">23 Feb 2022</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 leA-DQf">Art</span></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></aside><aside data-testid="alaska-section-outer" data-analytics-group="true" data-analytics_group_type="alaska-5" data-analytics_group_position="2" data-analytics_group_item_count="5" data-analytics_group_name="More" class="sc-ba42a659-1 GdVOW"><div data-testid="alaska-section" class="sc-ba42a659-2 jqWjKw"><div class="sc-7a382a26-2 lhbHDZ"><div class="sc-7a382a26-1 vyVNI"><hr data-testid="alaska-line" class="sc-7a382a26-0 iphYZF"/></div><div data-testid="section-title-wrapper" class="sc-7a382a26-3 gOPBZn"><div><div class="sc-7a382a26-7 jlJwDB"><span data-testid="alaska-title" class="sc-7a382a26-4 gQxUVz">More<!-- --></span></div></div></div></div><div class="sc-da05643e-0 kbaPPZ"><div data-testid="alaska-grid" class="sc-93223220-0 sc-da05643e-1 fiJvSm djXsFQ"><div data-testid="liverpool-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/travel/article/20250213-how-tv-and-film-locations-impact-travel-the-white-lotus-effect" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div class="sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr"><div class="sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA"><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bCFJJn">19 hrs ago</span></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-article" class="sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0kqyt3s.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0kqyt3s.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0kqyt3s.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0kqyt3s.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0kqyt3s.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0kqyt3s.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0kqyt3s.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0kqyt3s.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0kqyt3s.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0kqyt3s.jpg.webp" alt="Actress Aimee Lou Wood lying on sun lounger reading a book in The White Lotus series three (Credit: Fabio Lovino)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">Exec producer Mark Kamine on The White Lotus 3<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">As White Lotus season three is released, executive producer Mark Kamine explains the behind-the-scenes wrangling and key challenges when choosing a filming location.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">19 hrs ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">Travel</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/culture/article/20250215-the-narrow-road-to-the-deep-north-review-this-ww2-miniseries-is-a-stunning-showcase-for-jacob-elordi" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div class="sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr"><div class="sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA"><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bCFJJn">22 hrs ago</span></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-article" class="sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0krhh24.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0krhh24.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0krhh24.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0krhh24.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0krhh24.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0krhh24.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0krhh24.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0krhh24.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0krhh24.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0krhh24.jpg.webp" alt="Jacob Elordi in The Narrow Road to the Deep North" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">This new WW2 TV drama is 'stunning'<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">The Euphoria star Jacob Elordi shines in this remarkable adaptation of a Booker Prize-winning novel about an Australian prisoner of war in Thailand.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">22 hrs ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">Culture</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/future/article/20250214-from-scotland-to-california-the-rewilded-golf-courses-where-wildlife-thrives" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div class="sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr"><div class="sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA"><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bCFJJn">23 hrs ago</span></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-article" class="sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0krbrqr.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0krbrqr.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0krbrqr.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0krbrqr.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0krbrqr.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0krbrqr.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0krbrqr.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0krbrqr.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0krbrqr.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0krbrqr.jpg.webp" alt="A landscape image showing grass, patches of trees and forest and a road (Credit: Trust for Public Land)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">The rewilded golf courses teeming with life<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">From Scotland to California, golf courses are being rewilded – with lofty aims to benefit both people and nature.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">23 hrs ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">Future</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/culture/article/20250215-mickey-17-oscar-winning-director-bong-joon-hos-confused-sci-fi-blockbuster-is-a-serious-disappointment" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div class="sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr"><div class="sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA"><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bCFJJn">2 days ago</span></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-article" class="sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0krhj1s.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0krhj1s.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0krhj1s.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0krhj1s.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0krhj1s.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0krhj1s.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0krhj1s.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0krhj1s.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0krhj1s.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0krhj1s.jpg.webp" alt="Robert Pattinson in Mickey 17 (Credit: Warner Bros Entertainment Inc)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">Robert Pattinson's Mickey 17 is a 'disappointment'<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">Pattinson stars as multiple clones in Bong Joon Ho's big-budget follow up to Parasite – and while the star himself is entertaining, the film as a whole is a mess.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">2 days ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">Culture</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div><div data-component="ad-slot" data-testid="ad-unit" class="sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG"><div data-testid="dotcom-mid_5" id="dotcom-mid_5" class="dotcom-ad"></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-card" class="sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/travel/article/20250214-a-rock-stars-weekend-guide-to-denver" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><div class="sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr"><div class="sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA"><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bCFJJn">2 days ago</span></div></div><div data-testid="liverpool-article" class="sc-ae29827d-3 fKfpeF"><div data-testid="card-media-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ"><div data-testid="card-media" class="sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC"><div class="sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC"><img src="/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png" class="sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script"/><img sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160x90/p0krck95.jpg.webp 160w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240x135/p0krck95.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320x180/p0krck95.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0krck95.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640x360/p0krck95.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0krck95.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0krck95.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376x774/p0krck95.jpg.webp 1376w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p0krck95.jpg.webp 1920w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480x270/p0krck95.jpg.webp" alt="Skyline view of downtown Denver, CO (Credit: Getty Images)" class="sc-a34861b-0 efFcac"/></div></div></div><div data-testid="card-text-wrapper" class="sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-1 gTeoVH"><div class="sc-8ea7699c-0 hcpAqY"><h2 data-testid="card-headline" class="sc-8ea7699c-3 gRBdkE">A rock star's weekend guide to Denver<!-- --></h2></div></div><p data-testid="card-description" class="sc-ae29827d-0 cNPpME">Wesley Schultz, half of the rock duo The Lumineers, knows all the best places to go in Denver. Here are his local favourites, from concerts at Red Rocks to wine at Sunday Vinyl.</p><div class="sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf"><span data-testid="card-metadata-lastupdated" class="sc-6fba5bd4-1 bffMcX">2 days ago</span><div data-testid="card-metadata-separator" class="sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId"></div><span data-testid="card-metadata-tag" class="sc-6fba5bd4-2 bHkTZK">Travel</span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></aside><div class="zephr_meter_beta"></div><div class="zephr_story_beta"></div></main><hr data-testid="main-footer-divider" class="sc-f1836ce-2 lfQgwt"/><footer data-testid="main-footer" class="sc-f1836ce-0 frJIVl"><div class="sc-f1836ce-3 efFbQc"><div data-testid="anchor-inner-wrapper"><a href="/" data-testid="internal-link" class="sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 112 32" category="logo" icon="bbc" style="height:30px" class="sc-735e4804-0 itfIsL"><title>British Broadcasting Corporation</title><path 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All rights reserved. <!-- --><i id="" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> <!-- --></i>The<!-- --><i id="bbc" class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> BBC <!-- --></i>is<!-- --><i id="not-responsible-for-the-content-of-external-sites." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog"> not responsible for the content of external sites.<!-- --></i> <!-- --><a target="_self" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/editorialguidelines/guidance/feeds-and-links" class="sc-c9299ecf-0 bZUiKB"><b id="read-about-our-approach-to-external-linking." class="sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf">Read about our approach to external linking.<!-- --></b></a></p><p class="sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fYAfXe"> <!-- --></p></div></footer></div></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"page":{"@\"culture\",\"article\",\"20241119-the-hidden-meanings-in-a-16th-century-female-nude\",":{"id":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture/article/20241119-the-hidden-meanings-in-a-16th-century-female-nude","contents":[{"type":"headline","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The hidden meanings in a 16th-Century female nude","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"timestamp","model":{"timestamp":1732099989568}},{"type":"byline","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"contributor","model":{"topicUrl":"culture/author/deborah-nicholls-lee","blocks":[{"type":"name","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"By Deborah Nicholls-Lee","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"By Deborah Nicholls-Lee","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"timestamp","model":{"timestamp":1732099989568}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Raphael's The Three Graces (c1517-18) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Raphael's The Three Graces (c1517-18) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Raphael's The Three Graces (c1517-18) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust) p0k5lx22","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Raphael's The Three Graces (c1517-18) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust) p0k5lx22","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1080,"width":1920,"locator":"/p0k5mhdd.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust"}}],"emphasiseImage":true}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"How a rarely-seen drawing of the Three Graces by Raphael reveals the era's ideas about nudity, modesty, shame – and the artist's genius. 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Created by Renaissance giants such as ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Leonardo da Vinci","locator":"https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20191107-the-men-who-leonardo-da-vinci-loved","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Leonardo da Vinci","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Michelangelo","locator":"https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20230227-the-original-and-most-iconic-male-model","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Michelangelo","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Raphael","locator":"https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200910-the-school-of-athens-a-detail-hidden-in-a-masterpiece","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Raphael","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" and ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Titian","locator":"https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200813-the-secret-toilet-humour-in-a-titian-masterpiece","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Titian","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", often in preparation for larger painted tableaux, the works are thought to have entered the ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Royal Collection","locator":"https://www.rct.uk/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Royal Collection","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" in the 17th Century under Charles II, several as gifts. For more than 30 of them, it's their first time ever on public display. Rarely shown due to their fragility, these fascinating drawings – which, at the time, were beginning to be recognised as artworks in their own right – make up the broadest exhibition of Italian drawings from 1450 to 1600 ever shown in the UK.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Raphael's The Three Graces (c1517-18) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Raphael's The Three Graces (c1517-18) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Raphael's The Three Graces (c1517-18) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Raphael's The Three Graces (c1517-18) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1080,"width":1920,"locator":"/p0k5lx22.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust"}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Rarer still than these animal studies are the drawings of female nudes, outnumbered by a factor of three by an abundance of naked men. \"The male body is this absolute focus of creativity,\" explained Renaissance historian Maya Corry, discussing the exhibition on BBC Radio 4's Front Row in October. \"This is a Christian society and it's the male body, not the female body, that's made in God's image.\" Leonardo Da Vinci's Vitruvian Man, with his ideal body proportions, is a case in point. It is the male physique, she said, that \"comes closest to divine perfection\" in those times.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Rarer still than these animal studies are the drawings of female nudes, outnumbered by a factor of three by an abundance of naked men. \"The male body is this absolute focus of creativity,\" explained Renaissance historian ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Maya Corry","locator":"https://www.brookes.ac.uk/profiles/staff/maya-corry","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Maya Corry","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", discussing the exhibition on BBC Radio 4's Front Row in October. \"This is a Christian society and it's the male body, not the female body, that's made in God's image.\" Leonardo Da Vinci's ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Vitruvian Man","locator":"https://www.gallerieaccademia.it/en/study-proportions-human-body-known-vitruvian-man","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Vitruvian Man","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", with his ideal body proportions, is a case in point. It is the male physique, she said, that \"comes closest to divine perfection\" in those times.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"There were practical issues, too. \"The artist's workshop would have been a male environment, and in the absence of 'professional models' it would have gone against all societal norms for a woman to undress in front of any man other than her husband,\" Martin Clayton, the exhibition's curator, tells the BBC. It was male models who would pose for Michelangelo, for example, when he needed a female figure. \"This led to misunderstandings and distortions in depictions of the female body.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"There were practical issues, too. \"The artist's workshop would have been a male environment, and in the absence of 'professional models' it would have gone against all societal norms for a woman to undress in front of any man other than her husband,\" Martin Clayton, the exhibition's curator, tells the BBC. It was male models who would pose for Michelangelo, for example, when he needed a female figure. \"This led to misunderstandings and distortions in depictions of the female body.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_1"},{"type":"quote","model":{"text":"Unclothed, the complexity of the human body was the ultimate test of a Renaissance artist's talent","quoteSource":"","quoteSourceTitle":""}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Raphael, however, was among the first to buck the trend, sketching female nudes based on real life models. \"He was a highly pragmatic artist, who used drawing brilliantly to tackle visual problems, and to work very quickly from first idea to final composition,\" says Clayton. The drawings \"allow us to see the artist's immediate responses to the living figure as they investigated pose, proportion, movement and anatomical detail,\" he adds. In the case of Raphael, \"his simultaneous decisiveness and openness to variations and possibilities is always on display.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Raphael, however, was among the first to buck the trend, sketching female nudes based on real life models. \"He was a highly pragmatic artist, who used drawing brilliantly to tackle visual problems, and to work very quickly from first idea to final composition,\" says Clayton. The drawings \"allow us to see the artist's immediate responses to the living figure as they investigated pose, proportion, movement and anatomical detail,\" he adds. In the case of Raphael, \"his simultaneous decisiveness and openness to variations and possibilities is always on display.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Leonardo da Vinci's The Virgin and Child with infant Baptist, and heads in profile (c 1478–80) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Leonardo da Vinci's The Virgin and Child with infant Baptist, and heads in profile (c 1478–80) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Leonardo da Vinci's The Virgin and Child with infant Baptist, and heads in profile (c 1478–80) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Leonardo da Vinci's The Virgin and Child with infant Baptist, and heads in profile (c 1478–80) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1200,"width":1024,"locator":"/p0k5m0lf.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust"}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Raphael’s The Three Graces (c1517-18), a work in red chalk with evidence of some metalpoint underdrawing, reveals the artist's genius at work. As he moves a single model through three different poses, we witness the meticulous process behind creating the exuberant fresco The Wedding Feast of Cupid and Psyche, where these three figures will eventually feature, anointing the newlyweds to confer their future happiness. Unclothed, the complexity of the human body was the ultimate test of a Renaissance artist's talent, while also satisfying the era's passion for science. The women's shapely biceps and quadriceps speak to the same interest in anatomy that we see in Da Vinci's densely annotated The Muscles of the Leg (c1510-11), also on display. But there's a softness about the face and abdomen that is missing from the exhibition's depictions of men, such as The Head of a Youth (c1590) with its angular jaw, attributed to Pietro Faccini, or Bartolomeo Passarotti's sinewy St Jerome (c1580).","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Raphael’s ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"The Three Graces","locator":"https://www.rct.uk/collection/912754/the-three-graces","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The Three Graces","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" (c1517-18), a work in red chalk with evidence of some metalpoint underdrawing, reveals the artist's genius at work. As he moves a single model through three different poses, we witness the meticulous process behind creating the exuberant fresco ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"The Wedding Feast of Cupid and Psyche","locator":"https://www.wga.hu/art/r/raphael/5roma/4a/07farnes.jpg","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The Wedding Feast of Cupid and Psyche","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", where these three figures will eventually feature, anointing the newlyweds to confer their future happiness. Unclothed, the complexity of the human body was the ultimate test of a Renaissance artist's talent, while also satisfying the era's passion for science. The women's shapely biceps and quadriceps speak to the same interest in anatomy that we see in Da Vinci's densely annotated ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"The Muscles of the Leg","locator":"https://www.rct.uk/collection/919014/recto-the-muscles-of-the-leg-verso-the-muscles-of-the-trunk-and-leg","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The Muscles of the Leg","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" (c1510-11), also on display. But there's a softness about the face and abdomen that is missing from the exhibition's depictions of men, such as ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"The Head of a Youth","locator":"https://www.rct.uk/collection/902244/the-head-of-a-youth","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The Head of a Youth","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" (c1590) with its angular jaw, attributed to Pietro Faccini, or Bartolomeo Passarotti's sinewy ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"St Jerome","locator":"https://www.rct.uk/collection/exhibitions/drawing-the-italian-renaissance/the-kings-gallery-buckingham-palace/st-jerome","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"St Jerome","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" (c1580).","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"subheadline","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The feminine ideal","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The feminine ideal","attributes":["bold","h1"]}}]}}]}}],"level":2}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Much like Michelangelo's David, sculpted a decade earlier, Raphael appears to chase an ideal – even when drawing from life. In a letter reportedly written to his friend Baldassare Castiglione in 1514, he expresses the struggle of capturing perfection in real life. \"To paint one beautiful woman I would have to see several beauties,\" he writes. \"But since both good judgement and beautiful women are scarce, I make use of a certain idea that comes to mind.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Much like Michelangelo's ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"David","locator":"https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20230227-the-original-and-most-iconic-male-model","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"David","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", sculpted a decade earlier, Raphael appears to chase an ideal – even when drawing from life. In ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"a letter","locator":"https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/art-design/2022/04/raphael-the-painter-of-perfection","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"a letter","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" reportedly written to his friend Baldassare Castiglione in 1514, he expresses the struggle of capturing perfection in real life. \"To paint one beautiful woman I would have to see several beauties,\" he writes. \"But since both good judgement and beautiful women are scarce, I make use of a certain idea that comes to mind.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_2"},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Federico Barocci's The Head of the Virgin (c1582) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Federico Barocci's The Head of the Virgin (c1582) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Federico Barocci's The Head of the Virgin (c1582) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Federico Barocci's The Head of the Virgin (c1582) (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1200,"width":1024,"locator":"/p0k5lxch.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust"}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"In Raphael's The Three Graces, \"beauty\" means hairless, unblemished skin, and breasts and buttocks as perfectly round as the apples the trio clutch in his c1504-1505 treatment of the myth. When Sandro Botticelli made the Graces a feature of his vast tableau Spring, feminine softness was emphasised by flowing hair and diaphanous fabrics, while Pietro Liberi's post-Renaissance rendition of the subject (c1670-80) features the rosy cheeks and marble flesh that we see in works such as Federico Barocci's The Head of the Virgin (c1582), painted a century earlier, and also on display at the King's Gallery.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"In Raphael's The Three Graces, \"beauty\" means hairless, unblemished skin, and breasts and buttocks as perfectly round as the apples the trio clutch in his ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"c1504-1505 treatment","locator":"https://chateaudechantilly.fr/en/collection/the-three-graces-by-raphael/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"c1504-1505 treatment","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" of the myth. When Sandro Botticelli made the Graces a feature of his vast tableau ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Spring","locator":"https://www.uffizi.it/en/artworks/botticelli-spring","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Spring","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", feminine softness was emphasised by flowing hair and diaphanous fabrics, while ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Pietro Liberi","locator":"https://www.rct.uk/collection/405704/the-three-graces","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Pietro Liberi","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"'s post-Renaissance rendition of the subject (c1670-80) features the rosy cheeks and marble flesh that we see in works such as Federico Barocci's ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"The Head of the Virgin","locator":"https://www.rct.uk/collection/905231/the-head-of-a-young-woman","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The Head of the Virgin","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" (c1582), painted a century earlier, and also on display at the King's Gallery.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"quote","model":{"text":"The Three Graces may have formed part of the trope of 'virtuous nudity', where nakedness was an indication of truthfulness and purity – elsewhere it was associated with shame – Julia Biggs","quoteSource":"","quoteSourceTitle":""}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The rarity of female painters and patrons in the Renaissance meant that artworks inevitably reflected the male gaze. \"Perceptions of gender and women's subordinate role in Renaissance culture played out in images, and especially portraits, with images of men stressing their social, political or professional role and status – the masculine ideal being very much one of forceful mastery,\" says historian and author Julia Biggs, an expert in Renaissance art history. \"By contrast, the women encountered in portraits from this time are portrayed primarily in relation to the traits of ideal (youthful) feminine beauty, virtuousness (modesty, humility, obedience) and motherhood.\" ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The rarity of female painters and patrons in the Renaissance meant that artworks inevitably reflected the male gaze. \"Perceptions of gender and women's subordinate role in Renaissance culture played out in images, and especially portraits, with images of men stressing their social, political or professional role and status – the masculine ideal being very much one of forceful mastery,\" says historian and author ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Julia Biggs","locator":"https://www.rah-cam.com/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Julia Biggs","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", an expert in Renaissance art history. \"By contrast, the women encountered in portraits from this time are portrayed primarily in relation to the traits of ideal (youthful) feminine beauty, virtuousness (modesty, humility, obedience) and motherhood.\" ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The Virgin and Child (c1570-80) by Bernadino Campi (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The Virgin and Child (c1570-80) by Bernadino Campi (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The Virgin and Child (c1570-80) by Bernadino Campi (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The Virgin and Child (c1570-80) by Bernadino Campi (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1200,"width":1024,"locator":"/p0k5lx4q.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust"}}]}},{"type":"advertisement","model":{"adType":"horizontal"},"incrementedType":"mid_3"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"As deifications of charm, elegance and beauty, the Graces (Euphrosyne, Aglaea and Thalia), daughters of the Greek God Zeus, reflect a male view in their Renaissance depictions, not just of what a woman should look like, but also of how she should behave. They embody this nebulous concept of grace – closely associated with Raphael – which patrons were keen to attach to their image. It was a term that was bound up with distinction, benevolence and love, while the Graces' circular dance suggests balance and harmony − key principles of the Renaissance aesthetic. As a group, they combine a patriarchal lesson on feminine virtue with, unwittingly perhaps, a celebration of the female form and the sisterhood of female bonding.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"As deifications of charm, elegance and beauty, ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"the","locator":"https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-three-graces-inspired-centuries-artists-botticelli-picasso","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"the","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" Graces (Euphrosyne, Aglaea and Thalia), daughters of the Greek God Zeus, reflect a male view in their Renaissance depictions, not just of what a woman should look like, but also of how she should behave. They embody this nebulous concept of grace – closely associated with Raphael – which patrons were keen to attach to their image. It was a term that was bound up with distinction, benevolence and love, while the Graces' circular dance suggests balance and harmony − key principles of the Renaissance aesthetic. As a group, they combine a patriarchal lesson on feminine virtue with, unwittingly perhaps, a celebration of the female form and the sisterhood of female bonding.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"More like this:","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"More like this:","attributes":["bold"]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"• These five bizarre artworks are not what they seem","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"• ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"These five bizarre artworks are not what they seem","locator":"https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20241106-these-five-bizarre-surrealist-artworks-are-not-what-they-seem","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"These five bizarre artworks are not what they seem","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"• The climate warnings in 19th-Century paintings","blocks":[{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"","locator":"","blocks":[]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"• ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"The climate warnings in 19th-Century paintings","locator":"https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20241108-the-climate-warnings-in-19th-century-paintings","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The climate warnings in 19th-Century paintings","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"• Eight vintage photos of the quirkiest US groups","blocks":[{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"","locator":"","blocks":[]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"•","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":" Eight vintage photos of the quirkiest US groups","locator":"https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20241101-weird-and-wonderful-gatherings-in-the-us","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" Eight vintage photos of the quirkiest US groups","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"At the time, female nudity had different connotations. On the one hand, Biggs tells the BBC, the Three Graces \"may have formed part of the trope of 'virtuous nudity', where nakedness was \"an indication of truthfulness and purity\". Elsewhere, however, female nudity was \"associated with shame\". In Masacchio's fresco Expulsion from the Garden of Eden (c1424-27), only Eve, branded sinful, covers her genitals, while Biggs notes that \"as part of the la scopa – the ritual humiliation of adulterous women in Ferrara, Italy – women were made to run naked through the city\".","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"At the time, female nudity had different connotations. On the one hand, Biggs tells the BBC, the Three Graces \"may have formed part of the trope of 'virtuous nudity', where nakedness was \"an indication of truthfulness and purity\". Elsewhere, however, female nudity was \"associated with shame\". In Masacchio's fresco ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"Expulsion from the Garden of Eden","locator":"https://www.artchive.com/artwork/expulsion-from-the-garden-of-eden-masaccio-c-1424-28/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Expulsion from the Garden of Eden","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" (c1424-27), only Eve, branded sinful, covers her genitals, while Biggs notes that \"as part of the ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"la scopa","locator":"https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Votive_Panels_and_Popular_Piety_in_Early/rdaaAAAAQBAJ?hl=en\u0026gbpv=1\u0026dq=ferrara+italy+scopa+ritual+humiliation+run+naked+through+the+city\u0026pg=PA191\u0026printsec=frontcover","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"la","attributes":["italic"]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"scopa","attributes":["italic"]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" – ","attributes":["italic"]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"the ritual humiliation of adulterous women in Ferrara, Italy – women were made to run naked through the city\".","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Drawing the Italian Renaissance is an exhibition at the King's Gallery, Buckingham Palace (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Drawing the Italian Renaissance is an exhibition at the King's Gallery, Buckingham Palace (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Drawing the Italian Renaissance is an exhibition at the King's Gallery, Buckingham Palace (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Drawing the Italian Renaissance is an exhibition at the King's Gallery, Buckingham Palace (Credit: The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust)","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{"type":"rawImage","model":{"height":1080,"width":1920,"locator":"/p0k5lxg8.jpg","originCode":"ic","copyrightHolder":"The Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024/ Royal Collection Trust"}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Such female nudity contrasted sharply with the modest female dress code of Renaissance Italy. \"In public, the majority of women would cover their bodies from just underneath the collarbone down to their ankles, and cover their arms,\" Biggs explains. Mythological and Biblical scenes gave artists a pretext to disrobe them, and also answered, says Biggs, the desire of male patrons to display \"erotic erudition\" or perhaps even \"pay tribute to their own sexual prowess\". Even when the women are dressed, Drawing the Italian Renaissance reflects the dichotomous roles available to them, from a seductress in Annibale Carracci's The Temptation of St Anthony (c1595) to13 different Virgin Marys by Michelangelo, Da Vinci and their contemporaries. Yet, the exhibition suggests that we do more than simply stand back and drink in the Renaissance in all its flourishes and flaws. In place of the conventional catalogue is an illustrated sketchbook, and drawing materials are found in the galleries. We are invited to engage with the works through our own creative endeavour – for some an opportunity, perhaps, to redraw their definition of male and female. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Such female nudity contrasted sharply with the modest female dress code of Renaissance Italy. \"In public, the majority of women would cover their bodies from just underneath the collarbone down to their ankles, and cover their arms,\" Biggs explains. Mythological and Biblical scenes gave artists a pretext to disrobe them, and also answered, says Biggs, the desire of male patrons to display \"erotic erudition\" or perhaps even \"pay tribute to their own sexual prowess\". 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