CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="mhr" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Марий Элын эртыкше — Википедий</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )mhrwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","шорыкйол","пургыж","ӱярня","вӱдшор","ага","пеледыш","сӱрем","сорла","идым","шыжа","кылме","теле"],"wgRequestId":"03316d7a-897b-4b54-b940-52bebddd7d6a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Марий_Элын_эртыкше","wgTitle":"Марий Элын эртыкше","wgCurRevisionId":141504,"wgRevisionId":141504,"wgArticleId":12071,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Википедий:Викификаций дек кондымо лаштык-влак","Википедий:Марлаҥдымашлан лаштык-влак","Марий Элын эртыкше"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"mhr","wgPageContentLanguage":"mhr","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Марий_Элын_эртыкше","wgRelevantArticleId":12071, "wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"mhr","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"mhr"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":9000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q4204653","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true, "wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface", "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=mhr&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=mhr&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=mhr&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Марий Элын эртыкше — Википедий"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//mhr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Тӧрлаташ" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Википедий (mhr)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//mhr.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.mhr"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Википедий Atom кыл" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D3%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5:%D0%9F%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D3%A7%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Марий_Элын_эртыкше rootpage-Марий_Элын_эртыкше skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Содержанийышке куснаш</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Тӱҥ меню" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Тӱҥ меню</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Тӱҥ меню</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ӧрдыж панельыш кусараш</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">шылташ</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Навигаций </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%B1%D2%A5_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Тӱҥ лаштыкыш куснаш [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Тӱҥ лаштык</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9:%D0%A2%D3%B1%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Проект нерген, мом тый ыштен кертат, мо кушто уло"><span>Тӱшка портал</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D3%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5:%D0%9F%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D3%A7%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Викыште пытартыш вашталтымаш лӱмер [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Пытартыш тӧрлатымаш-влак</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D3%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5:%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Чокым велыжым вераҥдаш [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Чокым лаштык</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Википедийым кучылтмо да тӧрлатыме шотышто полыш."><span>Полыш</span></a></li><li id="n-sidebar-sandbox" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80"><span>Модмо вер</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%B1%D2%A5_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Википедий" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-mhr.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.5em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="эрыкан энциклопедий" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-mhr.svg" width="120" height="11" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.6875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D3%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5:%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Википедий сайтыште кычалаш [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Кычалмаш</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Википедий сайтыште кычалаш" aria-label="Википедий сайтыште кычалаш" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Википедий сайтыште кычалаш [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Лӱмын_ыштыме:Кычалмаш"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Кычалаш</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Лӱмал ӱзгар-влак"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Тӱжвал сын"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Измените внешний вид страницы, размер, ширину и цвет шрифта." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Тӱжвал сын" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Тӱжвал сын</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_mhr.wikipedia.org&uselang=mhr" class=""><span>Надырлаш</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D3%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD+%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Ме тыланда регистрацийым эрташ да системыш пураш темлена." class=""><span>Аккаунтым ышташ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D3%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD+%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Тыште регистрацийым эртен кертат. Регистраций деч поснаат пашам ышташ лиеш. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Пураш</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Утларак йӧн-влак" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лӱмал ӱзгар-влак" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лӱмал ӱзгар-влак</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Ушнышын менюжо" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_mhr.wikipedia.org&uselang=mhr"><span>Надырлаш</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D3%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD+%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Ме тыланда регистрацийым эрташ да системыш пураш темлена."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Аккаунтым ышташ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D3%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD+%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Тыште регистрацийым эртен кертат. Регистраций деч поснаат пашам ышташ лиеш. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Пураш</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ӧрдыж редактор-влаклан странице-влак <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BA:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88" aria-label="Тӧрлымӧ нерген тӱрыс пален налаш"><span>утларак пален налаш</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D3%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Тиде IP адрес гыч ыштыме тӧрлымаш списке [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Надыр</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D3%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%91_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Мыйын IP адреслан каҥашымаш велыж [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Каҥашымаш</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Контент" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Контент</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ӧрдыж панельыш кусараш</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">шылташ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Тӱҥалтыш</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Эртымгорно" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Эртымгорно"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Эртымгорно</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Эртымгорно-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Эртымгорно раздел ужашым Ончыкташ/Шылташ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Эртымгорно-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Марий_автоном_вел" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Марий_автоном_вел"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Марий автоном вел</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Марий_автоном_вел-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Марий_АССР" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Марий_АССР"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Марий АССР</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Марий_АССР-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Марий_Эл_Республик" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Марий_Эл_Республик"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Марий Эл Республик</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Марий_Эл_Республик-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Контент" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Контент лӱмерым Ончыкташ/Шылташ" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Контент лӱмерым Ончыкташ/Шылташ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Марий Элын эртыкше</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Вес йылмылан келыштарыме статья деке куснаш. 2 йылме-влак дене лудаш лиеш." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">2 йылме</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%AD%D0%BB%C4%95%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Мари Элĕн историйĕ — чувашский" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мари Элĕн историйĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="История Марий Эл — русский" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="История Марий Эл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4204653#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Йылмыла кокласе кылвер-влакым тӧрлаташ" class="wbc-editpage">Кылвер-влакым тӧрлаш</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Лӱм кумдык-влак"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Лаштыкыште возымым ончыкташ [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Лаштык</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D2%A5%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Лаштыкыште возымым каҥашаш (тыгай лаштык уке) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Каҥашымаш</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Йылме вариантым вашталташ" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">олык марий</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ончымаш-влак"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5"><span>Лудаш</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&veaction=edit" title="Тиде лаштыкым тӧрлаташ [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Тӧрлаташ</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодым тӧрлаташ</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&action=history" title="Лаштыкын ондаксе тӧрлатымаш [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Эртымгорным ончалаш</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Битләр ясау өчен кораллар"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ӱзгар-влак" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ӱзгар-влак</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ӱзгар-влак</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ӧрдыж панельыш кусараш</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">шылташ</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Шукырак йӧн" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ыштымаш </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5"><span>Лудаш</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&veaction=edit" title="Тиде лаштыкым тӧрлаташ [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Тӧрлаташ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодым тӧрлаташ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&action=history"><span>Эртымгорным ончалаш</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Чумыр </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D3%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5:%D0%A1%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B0/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Тышке кылвер дене чыла вики велыж-влак списке [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Тышке кондышо кылвер-влак</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D3%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5" rel="nofollow" title="Тиде лаштык дене кылдалтше пытартыш тӧрлатымаш-влак [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Ваш кылдалтше тӧрлатымаш-влак</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=mhr" title="Файл-влакым пурташ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Файлым вераҥдаш</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D3%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Спецлаштык-влак [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Спецвелыж-влак</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&oldid=141504" title="Велыжын тиде версийыш тутыш кылвер"><span>Тутыш кылвер</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&action=info" title="Тиде велыж нерген кумданрак"><span>Велыж нерген информаций</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D3%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&id=141504&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Тиде лаштыкым цитироватлыме шотышто полыш."><span>Лаштыкым цитироватлаш</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D3%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D0%25BD_%25D1%258D%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA%25D1%2588%25D0%25B5"><span>Кӱчык URL-адресым налаш</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D3%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D0%25BD_%25D1%258D%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA%25D1%2588%25D0%25B5"><span>QR кодым возен налаш</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Савыктымаш/экспорт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D3%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD+%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5"><span>Книгам ышташ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D3%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF семын тулен налаш</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&printable=yes" title="Савыкташлан келыштараш [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Савыкташлан версий</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Моло проектлаште </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:History_of_Mari_El" hreflang="en"><span>Викиклат</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4204653" title="Ссылка на связанный элемент репозитория данных [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викиданный-влак иктык</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Битләр ясау өчен кораллар"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Тӱжвал сын"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Тӱжвал сын</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ӧрдыж панельыш кусараш</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">шылташ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедий — эрыкан энциклопедий гыч материал</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="mhr" dir="ltr"><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-style"> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Wikitext-ru.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Wikitext-ru.svg/42px-Wikitext-ru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Wikitext-ru.svg/63px-Wikitext-ru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Wikitext-ru.svg/84px-Wikitext-ru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="78" /></a></span></div> </td> <td class="ambox-text"><b>Тиде статьялан <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Википедий:Викификаций">викификаций</a> кӱлеш.</b><div class="ambox-text-small">Тиде возымашым шотышко кондыман. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BA:%D0%A2%D3%B1%D2%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Полшык:Тӱҥалашлан полшык">Кузе у лаштыкым тӱҥалаш</a> лаштыкым ончалын кертыда.</div> </td> <td class="widthhack"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-style"> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image"><div></div> </td> <td class="ambox-text"><b>Марлаҥдымашлан палемдыме статья.</b><div class="ambox-text-small">Возымашым <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Марий йылме">марий йылмыш</a> мучаш марте кусараш кӱлеш.</div> </td> <td class="widthhack"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Эртымгорно"><span id=".D0.AD.D1.80.D1.82.D1.8B.D0.BC.D0.B3.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BD.D0.BE"></span>Эртымгорно</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Эртымгорно ужашым тӧрлаташ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӧрлаташ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&action=edit&section=1" title="Редактировать код раздела «Эртымгорно»"><span>кодым тӧрлаташ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Финнугор калык-влак акрет годсек кызытсе касвел, йӱдвел да покшел Российын ужаштыштыже верланен иленыт. Марий Эл верланыме верыштыже шуко акрет годсо арвер-влак кодыныт, кудо икымше тӱжемийлашке мемнан курымашлык (Кристос шочмо) деч ончыч пурат. Шке лодкален возымо тиштым йомдарымылан да суас акрет годсо кагазвлак <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%A5_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Озаҥ ханство (тыгай лаштык уке)">Озаҥ ханство</a> жапыште пытарымылан кӧра шукырак увервлак покшел Юлышто руш летопись-влак дене кылдалтын. </p><p>Марий-шамычым эн ондак <a href="/wiki/VI_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="VI курым">VI курымышто</a> лишне <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гот калык (тыгай лаштык уке)">гот калыкын</a> эртымгорнызо <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иордан">Иордан</a> <i>merens</i> семын палемден. Вара <a href="/wiki/X_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="X курым">X курымышто</a> казар курымсерышче марий-шамычым Ц-р-мис семын палемден. Тыге руш-влак нунын дек ончыл (касвел) марий-шамычым (мӓрӹ) «меря», шеҥгел (эрвел) марий-шамычым (марий) «<a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Черемис">черемис</a>» лӱмден тӱҥалыныт. Тыгак суас-шамыч марийкалыкым «сярмысь» але «чирмеш» лӱмденыт. Тиде жапыште марийвлак пошкудо <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Юлысо Булгарий">Юлысо Булгарий</a> дене, кудо тунам кызытсе <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Татарстан">Татарстан</a> олмышто верланен, лишыл кылым кученыт. Тудым <a href="/wiki/1236" title="1236">1236</a> ийыште <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83-%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бату-он (тыгай лаштык уке)">Бату-онын</a> саркалыкше кырен шалатен. Тиддеч вара <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D3%A7%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8C%D3%A7_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шӧртньӧ Урда (тыгай лаштык уке)">Шӧртньӧ Урда</a> лиймеке марий-влак нунын дене сай кылым кученыт. <a href="/wiki/XIII_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="XIII курым">XIII</a>—<a href="/wiki/XV_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="XV курым">XV курым</a> коклаште марий-шамыч Шӧртньӧ Урдаш да Озаҥ онлыкыш пуреныт. </p><p><a href="/wiki/IX_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="IX курым">IX курым</a> гыч марий калык эрвелыш кайыше <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Киев Русь (тыгай лаштык уке)">Киев Русьысо</a> славян-шамыч дене кылдалт шогат. Нуно марий мландыш пуреныт да икмыняр ожно марий ола олмылаште илаш тӱҥалыныт (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D3%A7%D1%80%D3%A7_(%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Нӧрӧ (ола)">Нӧрӧ</a> ола, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Ростов">Ростов</a>), тыгак у олам шынденыт: <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ярославль">Ярославль</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Суздаль">Суздаль</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_(%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Владимир (ола)">Владимир</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Угарман">Угарман</a>. Эркын-эркын касвел марий <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Христианлык">Христианлыкыш</a> пурымеке славянлаҥдат, Кристос тыныш пуртымаш ваштареш шогышо еҥ-влак куржыт эрвелыш, марий мландын кӧргыш. Кокла курымлаште марий кундемыште руш-суас вашпижмаш (руш ден суас калыкын вашпижмашыже) чӱчкыдын лиеда (тыглай паша лиеш). Тидын жапыште марий калык суас велне лиеш. Кужу жап суас ден марий калык-шамыч сеҥышыш лектыт, варажым <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Иван Грозный (тыгай лаштык уке)">Иван Грозный</a> ончылгоч шонен пыштыме да руалтен налме сарым тӱҥалеш: <a href="/wiki/1546" title="1546">1546</a> ийыште курык марий калыкын мландыже (Юлын пурла серже) <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Моско">Моско</a> йымак логалеш, <a href="/wiki/1552" title="1552">1552</a> ийыште Чар саркалык Озаҥ-олам налыт, да олык марий-влак йозакым Москолан тӱлаш тӱҥалыт. Варажым шонен пыштыме колонизаций тӱҥалеш: тыге <a href="/wiki/1557" title="1557">1557</a> ийыште негызым пыштыме <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D1%8D%D2%A5%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Шовакшэҥер">Шовакшэҥер</a> олалан, <a href="/wiki/1583" title="1583">1583</a> ийыште — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Чыкма">Чыкмалан</a>, <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a> ийыште — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Чарла">Чарлалан</a> (кызытсе Йошкар-Ола). Марий мландыште тиде жапыштак <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Шынчара">Шынчара</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%A5" title="Яраҥ">Яраҥ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D3%B1%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Вӱрзым">Вӱрзым</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B6" title="Малмыж">Малмыж</a> руш карман-влакыш савырненыт. 1552 иймучаш гыч марий мландыште тушман ваштареш утарыше кредалмаш ылыжын. Руш курымсерышчешамыч тиде 30 ий наре шуйнышо кредалмашым «<a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82" title="Черемис-влакын сарышт">черемис-влакын сарышт</a>» лӱмденыт. Тунам шуко марий тӧратушка да тыглай калыкын пелыштыже марий калыкын эрык верч пытен. Шуко онвлаклан <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Турций">Турцийыш</a> да <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Крым">Крымыш</a> куснаш логалын. </p><p>Кристиан тынеш виеш пуртымылан кӧра марий-шамыч суртым-ялым коден эрвелыш илаш куснаш тӱҥалыт. <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D3%A7%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Икымше Пӧтыр">Икымше Пӧтыр</a> годым марий-влакым саркызматыш (армийыш) налаш тӱҥалыт, вершӧрын шанче шымлымаш эртаралтеш, марий йылмын икымше кириллик йӱкпале негызеш возымаш лектеш. <a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a> ийыште <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BA-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вениамин Пуцек-Григорович (тыгай лаштык уке)">Вениамин Пуцек-Григорович</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кириллице (тыгай лаштык уке)">кириллице</a> негызеш икымше марий йылмылончым савыкта. Марий калыкын илышыже пеш неле лийын, садлан шуко марий Пугачовын сӧгалтымашыже годым Руш кугыжаныш ваштареш кучедалын. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a> ийыште Озаҥ олаште туныктышо семинарий почылтеш. Тушто Юл кундемысе чыла калыкым, тидын шотышто марий-влакымат, туныкташ тÿҥалыт. Тиде марий калыкын илышыштыже кугу ошкылым ончыко ышташ полшен. Марий школ-влак почылтыт, марий кнага-влак савыкталтыт, тыгак тунемме кнага-влакат. <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a> ийысе <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B6_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пургыж революций (тыгай лаштык уке)">Пургыж революций</a> кугыжан кучемжым сӱмырал шуа. Тыге марий калыкланат моло дене иктӧр кертыжан (равноправный) лияш, шке вийжым чумырен, эрыкыш, волгыдо илышыш лекташ корно почылтеш. 1917 ий сорла тылзыште <a href="/wiki/%D3%B0%D0%BF%D3%A7_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ӱпӧ губерний">Ӱпӧ губернийын</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%B1%D1%80%D3%A7_(%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="Пӱрӧ (ола)">Пӱрӧ олаштыже</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D3%B1%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Икымше Пӱтынь Российысе Марий-влакын погын">икымше Марий Погын</a> эртен. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Марий_автоном_вел"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B9_.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BC_.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.BB"></span>Марий автоном вел</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Марий автоном вел ужашым тӧрлаташ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӧрлаташ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&action=edit&section=2" title="Редактировать код раздела «Марий автоном вел»"><span>кодым тӧрлаташ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Тӱҥ статья</i>: <i><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Марий автоном вел">Марий автоном вел</a></b></i></div></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a> ийыште <a href="/wiki/4_%D0%9A%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="4 Кылме">Кылме тылзын 4-шо кечынже</a> Марий автоном велым ыштыме нерген декретым луктыныт. Марий автоном вел кум контоныш шеледалтын: Йошкаркакшан (Краснококшайский), Чыкма (Козьмодемьянский) да Шернур (Сернурский). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Марий_АССР"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B9_.D0.90.D0.A1.D0.A1.D0.A0"></span>Марий АССР</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Марий АССР ужашым тӧрлаташ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӧрлаташ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&action=edit&section=3" title="Редактировать код раздела «Марий АССР»"><span>кодым тӧрлаташ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a> ийыште <a href="/wiki/5_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="5 Теле">Теле тылзын 5 кечынже</a> Марий АССР-ыш савырыме. Марий автономийым ыштыме дене <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Марий йылме">марий йылме</a> кугыжаныш статусым налын. Марий <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%B1%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тӱвыра">тӱвыра</a>, сылнымут, савык, школ виянаш тӱҥалыныт. 1930–шо ийлаште педагогике, чодыра технике институт-влак почылтыныт, йылмым, сылнымутым да эртыкым шымлыше марий институт пашам ышташ тӱҥалын, театр почылтын. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Марий_Эл_Республик"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B9_.D0.AD.D0.BB_.D0.A0.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.BF.D1.83.D0.B1.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.BA"></span>Марий Эл Республик</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Марий Эл Республик ужашым тӧрлаташ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӧрлаташ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&action=edit&section=4" title="Редактировать код раздела «Марий Эл Республик»"><span>кодым тӧрлаташ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a> ий гыч Марий Эл Республик лиеш. 1920 ийлаште кок иктӧркертыжан йылме шырым шынденыт: олыкмарий йылме да курыкмарий йылме. Тыгодым марий йылмыште тыгак кугу кундемойвлак уло (касвел-йӱдвел, малмыж, эрвел) да шуко верысе кутыртыш. 1930 ийлаште, моло калык республиквлак дене тӧр, чыла марий интеллигентвлакым пытарен улыт. Эркын-эркын марийвлак республикыште шагалемын толеш, марий йылме политик пызырымашлан кӧра руш йылме дене вашталтыме. </p> <div class="NavFrame noprint autocollapse" style="clear:both;margin:auto;padding:4px;"><div class="NavHead" style="padding:1px 11px; background:#A3EEA3;font-weight:bold;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left;"><span class="noprint" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Перейти к шаблону «Марий Эл»"><img alt="Перейти к шаблону «Марий Эл»" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/28px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span> </div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Марий Эл">Марий Эл</a></span></div><div class="NavPic" style="background:none;float:left;margin-right:5px;margin-top:5px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ойып Марий Эл"><img alt="Ойып Марий Эл" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg/60px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg/90px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="636" /></a></span></div><div class="NavPic" style="background:none;float:right;margin-left:5px;margin-top:5px"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Mari_El.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Тисте Марий Эл"><img alt="Тисте Марий Эл" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Mari_El.svg/120px-Flag_of_Mari_El.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Mari_El.svg/180px-Flag_of_Mari_El.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Mari_El.svg/240px-Flag_of_Mari_El.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:95%"> <p><b>Административ рӱдӧ</b>: <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Йошкар-Ола">Йошкар-Ола</a></b> <br /> <b>Олала</b>: <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Юлсер-Ола">Юлсер-Ола</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Провой">Провой</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Чыкма">Чыкма</a> </p> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Муниципал территорий шеледымаш</b>:</div><br /> <p><b>Оласе йырвелла</b>: <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Йошкар-Ола оласе йырвел">Йошкар-Ола</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Юлсер-Ола оласе йырвел">Юлсер-Ола</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Чыкма">Чыкма</a><br /><br /> <b>Кундемла</b>: <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D3%B1%D1%80%D0%BD%D3%A7_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Йӱрнӧ кундем">Йӱрнӧ</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Килемар кундем">Килемар</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%8D%D2%A5%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Кужэҥер кундем">Кужэҥер</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Курыкмарий кундем">Курыкмарий</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D3%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Марий Тӱрек кундем">Марий Тӱрек</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Маскасола кундем">Маскасола</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Морко кундем">Морко</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Оршанке кундем">Оршанке</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Поранча кундем">Поранча</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Провой кундем">Провой</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D2%A5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="У Роҥго кундем">У Роҥго</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%8F%D0%BB_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="У Торъял кундем">У Торъял</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Шернур кундем">Шернур</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Юлсер кундем">Юлсер</a> </p> <hr /> <p><b>Статья-влак</b>: <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Марий Элысе илымверла">Илымверла</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%88%D0%BE" title="Марий Элын калыкчотшо">Калыкчот</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%88%D0%BE" title="Марий Элын ойыпшо">Ойып</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B6%D0%B5" title="Марий Элын территорий шеледымашыже">Территорий шеледымаш</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B6%D0%B5" title="Марий Элын тистыже">Тисте</a> | <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B6%D0%BE" title="Марий Элын чапмурыжо">Чапмуро</a> | <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Эртык</a> </p> </div><div class="NavEnd"> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Марий_Элын_эртыкше&oldid=141504">https://mhr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Марий_Элын_эртыкше&oldid=141504</a>" гыч налме</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D3%B1%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B5:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Лӱмын ыштыме:Категорий-влак">Категорий</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Категорий:Марий Элын эртыкше">Марий Элын эртыкше</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Шылтыме категорий-влак: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Категорий:Википедий:Викификаций дек кондымо лаштык-влак">Википедий:Викификаций дек кондымо лаштык-влак</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%A5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Категорий:Википедий:Марлаҥдымашлан лаштык-влак">Википедий:Марлаҥдымашлан лаштык-влак</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Тиде велыжым пытартыш гана 12 шыжа 2015 кечын 04:21 жаплан тӧрлымӧ.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текстым <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a> лицензий почеш кучылташ лиеш, тыгак посна келшык-влак лийын кертыт. Рашрак <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Кучылтмо_келшык">Кучылтмо келшыкыште</a> ончо.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/ru">Шолыплык политике</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88">Википедий нерген</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9:%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%80_%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%87_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%A5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88">Мут кучымаш деч кораҥмаш</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Кодекс поведения</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ыштызе-влак</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/mhr.wikipedia.org">Иктешлымаш</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Куки нерген келшык</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//mhr.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Мобильный версий</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-mcbjw","wgBackendResponseTime":192,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.055","walltime":"0.084","ppvisitednodes":{"value":406,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":12914,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4786,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 49.326 1 -total"," 74.39% 36.696 1 Кышкар:Марий_Эл"," 68.08% 33.579 1 Кышкар:Регион"," 61.45% 30.311 1 Кышкар:Навигаций_аҥа"," 36.83% 18.166 1 Кышкар:Tnavbar-view"," 13.56% 6.686 1 Кышкар:Викификаций"," 10.68% 5.269 1 Кышкар:Тӱс"," 7.80% 3.848 2 Кышкар:Ambox"," 6.21% 3.063 1 Кышкар:Марлаҥдымаш"," 5.43% 2.676 1 Кышкар:Center"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.004","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":637910,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-bf56d8766-pnd5v","timestamp":"20241114102200","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u042d\u043b\u044b\u043d \u044d\u0440\u0442\u044b\u043a\u0448\u0435","url":"https:\/\/mhr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4204653","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4204653","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-05-16T23:18:58Z","dateModified":"2015-10-12T04:21:58Z"}</script> </body> </html>