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minerals</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: minerals"> <meta name="keywords" content="minerals"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="minerals"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 487</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: minerals</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">487</span> Clay Mineralogy of Mukdadiya Formation in Shewasoor Area: Northeastern Kirkuk City, Iraq</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20R.%20Ali">Abbas R. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diana%20A.%20Bayiz"> Diana A. Bayiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 14 mudstone samples were collected within the sedimentary succession of Mukdadiya Formation (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene) from Shewasoor area at Northeastern Iraq. The samples were subjected to laboratory studies including mineralogical analysis (using X-ray Diffraction technique) in order to identify the clay mineralogy of Mukdadiya Formation of both clay and non-clay minerals. The results of non-clay minerals are: quartz, feldspar and carbonate (calcite and dolomite) minerals. The clay minerals are: montmorillonite, kaolinite, palygorskite, chlorite, and illite by the major basal reflections of each mineral. The origins of these minerals are deduced also. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukdadiya%20Formation" title="Mukdadiya Formation">Mukdadiya Formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mudstone" title=" mudstone"> mudstone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%20minerals" title=" clay minerals"> clay minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shewasoor" title=" Shewasoor"> Shewasoor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45853/clay-mineralogy-of-mukdadiya-formation-in-shewasoor-area-northeastern-kirkuk-city-iraq" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">486</span> Potential of Mineral Composition Reconstruction for Monitoring the Performance of an Iron Ore Concentration Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Sadeghi">Maryam Sadeghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claude%20Bazin"> Claude Bazin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Hodouin"> Daniel Hodouin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Perez%20Barnuevo"> Laura Perez Barnuevo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of a separation process is usually evaluated using performance indices calculated from elemental assays readily available from the chemical analysis laboratory. However, the separation process performance is essentially related to the properties of the minerals that carry the elements and not those of the elements. Since elements or metals can be carried by valuable and gangue minerals in the ore and that each mineral responds differently to a mineral processing method, the use of only elemental assays could lead to erroneous or uncertain conclusions on the process performance. This paper discusses the advantages of using performance indices calculated from minerals content, such as minerals recovery, for process performance assessments. A method is presented that uses elemental assays to estimate the minerals content of the solids in various process streams. The method combines the stoichiometric composition of the minerals and constraints of mass conservation for the minerals through the concentration process to estimate the minerals content from elemental assays. The advantage of assessing a concentration process using mineral based performance indices is illustrated for an iron ore concentration circuit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20reconciliation" title="data reconciliation">data reconciliation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20ore%20concentration" title=" iron ore concentration"> iron ore concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20composition" title=" mineral composition"> mineral composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20performance%20assessment" title=" process performance assessment"> process performance assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93580/potential-of-mineral-composition-reconstruction-for-monitoring-the-performance-of-an-iron-ore-concentration-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93580.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">485</span> Petrology and Hydrothermal Alteration Mineral Distribution of Wells La-9D and La-10D in Aluto Geothermal Field, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dereje%20Moges%20Azbite">Dereje Moges Azbite</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laboratory analysis of igneous rocks is performed with the help of the main oxide plots. The lithology of the two wells was identified using the main oxides obtained using the XRF method. Twenty-four (24) cutting samples with different degrees of alteration were analyzed to determine and identify the rock types by plotting these well samples on special diagrams and correlating with the regional rocks. The results for the analysis of the main oxides and trace elements of 24 samples are presented. Alteration analysis in the two well samples was conducted for 21 samples from two wells for identifying clay minerals. Bulk sample analysis indicated quartz, illite & micas, calcite, cristobalite, smectite, pyrite, epidote, alunite, chlorite, wairakite, diaspore, and kaolin minerals present in both wells. Hydrothermal clay minerals such as illite, chlorite, smectite, and kaoline minerals were identified in both wells by X-ray diffraction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=igneous%20rocks" title="igneous rocks">igneous rocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=major%20oxides" title=" major oxides"> major oxides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracer%20elements" title=" tracer elements"> tracer elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRF" title=" XRF"> XRF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alteration%20minerals" title=" alteration minerals"> alteration minerals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164354/petrology-and-hydrothermal-alteration-mineral-distribution-of-wells-la-9d-and-la-10d-in-aluto-geothermal-field-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">484</span> Heavy Minerals Distribution in the Recent Stream Sediments of Diyala River Basin, Northeastern Iraq</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20R.%20Ali">Abbas R. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daroon%20Hasan%20Khorsheed"> Daroon Hasan Khorsheed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Twenty one samples of stream sediments were collected from the Diyala River Basin (DRB), which represent one of three major tributaries of the Tigris River at northeastern Iraq. This study is concerned with the heavy minerals (HM) analysis in the + 63μ m fraction of the Diyala River sediments, distribution pattern in the various river basin sectors, as well as comparing the present results with previous works.The metastable heavy minerals (epidote, staurolite, garnet) represent more than (30%) Whereas the ultrastable heavy minerals (pyroxene and amphibole) make only about (19 %). Opaques are present in high proportions reaching about (29%) as an average. The ultrastable (zircon, tourmaline, rutile) heavy minerals are the miner constituents (7%) in the sediments.According to the laboratory analytical data of heavy mineral distributions the studied sediments are derived from mafic and ultramafic rocks are found in northeastern Iraq that represent Walash – Nawpordan Series and Mawat complexes in Zagros zones. The presence of zircon and tourmaline in trace amounts may give an indication for the weak role of acidic rocks in the source area whereas the epidote group minerals give an indication for the role of metamorphic rocks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20minerals" title="heavy minerals">heavy minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20distribution" title=" mineral distribution"> mineral distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recent%20stream%20sediment" title=" recent stream sediment"> recent stream sediment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diyala%20river" title=" Diyala river"> Diyala river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northeastern%20Iraq" title=" northeastern Iraq "> northeastern Iraq </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20950/heavy-minerals-distribution-in-the-recent-stream-sediments-of-diyala-river-basin-northeastern-iraq" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">483</span> Petrology and Hydrothermal Alteration Mineral Distribution of Wells LA-9D and LA-10D in Aluto Geothermal Field, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dereje%20Moges%20Azbite">Dereje Moges Azbite</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laboratory analysis of igneous rocks is performed with the help of the main oxide plots. The lithology of the two wells was identified using the main oxides obtained using the XRF method. Twenty-four (24) cutting samples with different degrees of alteration were analyzed to determine and identify the rock types by plotting these well samples on special diagrams and correlating with the regional rocks. The results for the analysis of the main oxides and trace elements of 24 samples are presented. Alteration analysis in the two well samples was conducted for 21 samples from two wells for identifying clay minerals. Bulk sample analysis indicated quartz, illite & micas, calcite, cristobalite, smectite, pyrite, epidote, alunite, chlorite, wairakite, diaspore and kaolin minerals present in both wells. Hydrothermal clay minerals such as illite, chlorite, smectite and kaoline minerals were identified in both wells by X-ray diffraction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auto%20geothermal%20field" title="auto geothermal field">auto geothermal field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=igneous%20rocks" title=" igneous rocks"> igneous rocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=major%20oxides" title=" major oxides"> major oxides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracer%20elements" title="tracer elements">tracer elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRF" title=" XRF"> XRF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alteration%20minerals" title=" alteration minerals"> alteration minerals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142062/petrology-and-hydrothermal-alteration-mineral-distribution-of-wells-la-9d-and-la-10d-in-aluto-geothermal-field-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">482</span> Porosity Characterization and Its Destruction by Authigenic Minerals: Reservoir Sandstones, Mamuniyat Formation, Murzuq Basin, SW Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamrd%20Ali%20Alrabib">Mohamrd Ali Alrabib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sandstones samples were selected from cores of seven wells ranging in depth from 5040 to 7181.4 ft. The dominant authigenic cement phase is quartz overgrowth cement (up to 13% by volume) and this is the major mechanism for porosity reduction. Late stage carbonate cements (siderite and dolomite/ferroan dolomite) are present and these minerals infill intergranular porosity and, therefore, further reduce porosity and probably permeability. Authigenic clay minerals are represented by kaolinite, illite, and grain coating clay minerals. Kaolinite occurs as booklet and vermicular forms. Minor amounts of illite were noted in the studied samples, which commonly block pore throats, thereby reducing permeability. Primary porosity of up to 26.5% is present. Secondary porosity (up to 17%) is also present as a result of feldspar dissolution. The high intergranular volume (IGV) of the sandstones indicates that mechanical and chemical compaction played a more important role than cementation of porosity loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authigenic%20minerals" title="authigenic minerals">authigenic minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity%20types" title=" porosity types"> porosity types</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity%20reduction" title=" porosity reduction"> porosity reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mamuniyat%20sandstone%20reservoir" title=" mamuniyat sandstone reservoir "> mamuniyat sandstone reservoir </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2382/porosity-characterization-and-its-destruction-by-authigenic-minerals-reservoir-sandstones-mamuniyat-formation-murzuq-basin-sw-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2382.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">481</span> Comparative Study on Productivity, Chemical Composition and Yield Quality of Some Alternative Crops in Romanian Organic Farming</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Toader">Maria Toader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gheorghe%20Valentin%20Roman"> Gheorghe Valentin Roman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alina%20Maria%20Ionescu"> Alina Maria Ionescu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crops diversity and maintaining and enhancing the fertility of agricultural lands are basic principles of organic farming. With a wider range of crops in agroecosystem can improve the ability to control weeds, pests and diseases, and the performance of crops rotation and food safety. In this sense, the main objective of the research was to study the productivity and chemical composition of some alternative crops and their adaptability to soil and climatic conditions of the agricultural area in Southern Romania and to cultivation in the organic farming system. The alternative crops were: lentil (7 genotypes); five species of grain legumes (5 genotypes); four species of oil crops (5 genotypes). The seed production was, on average: 1343 kg/ha of lentil; 2500 kg/ha of field beans; 2400 kg/ha of chick peas and blackeyed peas; more than 2000 kg/ha of atzuki beans, over 1250 kg/ha of fenugreek; 2200 kg/ha of safflower; 570 kg/ha of oil pumpkin; 2150 kg/ha of oil flax; 1518 kg/ha of camelina. Regarding chemical composition, lentil seeds contained: 22.18% proteins, 3.03% lipids, 33.29% glucides, 4.00% minerals, and 259.97 kcal energy values. For field beans: 21.50% proteins, 4.40% lipids, 63.90% glucides, 5.85% minerals, 395.36 kcal energetic value. For chick peas: 21.23% proteins, 4.55% lipids, 53.00% glucides, 3.67% minerals, 348.22 kcal energetic value. For blackeyed peas: 23.30% proteins, 2.10% lipids, 68.10% glucides, 3.93% minerals, 350.14 kcal energetic value. For adzuki beans: 21.90% proteins, 2.60% lipids, 69.30% glucides, 4.10% minerals, 402.48 kcal energetic value. For fenugreek: 21.30% proteins, 4.65% lipids, 63.83% glucides, 5.69% minerals, 396.54 kcal energetic value. For safflower: 12.60% proteins, 28.37% lipids, 46.41% glucides, 3.60% minerals, 505.78 kcal energetic value. For camelina: 20.29% proteins, 31.68% lipids, 36.28% glucides, 4.29% minerals, 526.63 kcal energetic value. For oil pumpkin: 29.50% proteins, 36.92% lipids, 18.50% glucides, 5.41% minerals, 540.15 kcal energetic value. For oil flax: 22.56% proteins, 34.10% lipids, 27.73% glucides, 5.25% minerals, 558.45 kcal energetic value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptability" title="adaptability">adaptability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20crops" title=" alternative crops"> alternative crops</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20composition" title=" chemical composition"> chemical composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20farming%20productivity" title=" organic farming productivity"> organic farming productivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28059/comparative-study-on-productivity-chemical-composition-and-yield-quality-of-some-alternative-crops-in-romanian-organic-farming" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">480</span> Investigations of Flame Retardant Properties of Beneficiated Huntite and Hydromagnesite Mineral Reinforced Polymer Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Yilmaz%20Atay">H. Yilmaz Atay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Huntite and hydromagnesite minerals have been used as additive materials to achieve incombustible material due to their inflammability property. Those fire retardants materials can help to extinguish in the early stages of fire. Thus dispersion of the flame can be prevented even if the fire started. Huntite and hydromagnesite minerals are known to impart fire-proofing of the polymer composites. However, the additives used in the applications led to deterioration in the mechanical properties due to the usage of high amount of the powders in the composites. In this study, by enriching huntite and hydromagnesite, it was aimed to use purer minerals to reinforce the polymer composites. Thus, predictably, using purer mineral will lead to use lower amount of mineral powders. By this manner, the minerals free from impurities by various processes were added to the polymer matrix with different loading level and grades. Different types of samples were manufactured, and subsequently characterized by XRD, SEM-EDS, XRF and flame-retardant tests. Tensile strength and elongation at break values were determined according to loading levels and grades. Besides, a comparison on the properties of the polymer composites produced by using of minerals with and without impurities was performed. As a result of the work, it was concluded that it is required to use beneficiated minerals to provide better fire-proofing behaviors in the polymer composites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flame%20retardant" title="flame retardant">flame retardant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=huntite%20and%20hydromagnesite" title=" huntite and hydromagnesite"> huntite and hydromagnesite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20property" title=" mechanical property"> mechanical property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20composites" title=" polymer composites"> polymer composites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53396/investigations-of-flame-retardant-properties-of-beneficiated-huntite-and-hydromagnesite-mineral-reinforced-polymer-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">479</span> Determination of Elements and Minerals Present in Harmattan Dust Using Particle Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Across Selected Nigerian Stations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aweda%20Francis%20Olatunbosun">Aweda Francis Olatunbosun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Falaiye%20Oluwasesan%20Adeniran"> Falaiye Oluwasesan Adeniran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The suspended harmattan dust was collected at seven different stations in Nigeria: Iwo (7º 63'N, 4º 19'E), Oyo (8º 12'N, 3º 42'E), Ilorin (8º36'N, 4º 35'E), Minna (9º36'N, 06º35'E), Abuja (09º 09'N, 07º 11'E), Lafia (08º 49'N, 07º50'E), and Jos (9º55'N, 8º55'E), which were analyzed to determine elements and minerals present in the sample using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and Particle Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE). The collected sample results show the elemental concentration of the sample in various forms across each station. Cr, Ce, Mo, Zr, Sr, V, Ti, K, As, Ni, Mn, Ca, Pb, Fe, Zn, and Cu were found in the sample using an XRF machine. The minerals discovered in the sample include, but are not limited to, Corundum [Al₂O₃], Periclase [MgO], Rutile [TiO₂], and Quartz [SiO₂] in various proportions. Furthermore, the results revealed the enrichment factor for Iwo (1.3998 μg/m³), Oyo (1.3998 μg/m³), Ilorin (1.79765 μg/m³), Minna (1.737325 μg/m³), Abuja (1.635425 μg/m³), Lafia (1.409695 μg/m³), and Jos (1.787075 μg/m³). The study concluded that the sample contains sixteen (16) elements and minerals in varying percentages and concentrations. It is therefore recommended that appropriate safety procedures be put in place to raise community awareness of the presence of elements in harmattan dust. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elements" title="elements">elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minerals" title=" minerals"> minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmattan%20dust" title=" harmattan dust"> harmattan dust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRF" title=" XRF"> XRF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PIXE" title=" PIXE"> PIXE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177772/determination-of-elements-and-minerals-present-in-harmattan-dust-using-particle-induced-x-ray-emission-pixe-and-x-ray-fluorescence-xrf-across-selected-nigerian-stations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">478</span> SEM and FTIR Study of Adsorption Characteristics Using Xanthate (KIBX) Synthesized Collectors on Sphalerite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zohir%20Nedjar">Zohir Nedjar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djamel%20Barkat"> Djamel Barkat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thiols such as alkyl xanthates are commonly used as collectors in the froth flotation of sulfide minerals. Under the concen-tration, pH and Eh conditions relevant to flotation, the thermodynamically favoured reaction between a thiol and a sulfide mineral surface is charge transfechemisorption in which the collector becomes bonded to metal atoms in the outermost layer of the sulfide lattice. The adsorption of potassium isobutyl xanthate (KIBX 3.10-3M) on sphalerite has been also studied using electrochemical potential, FTIR technique and SEM. Non activated minerals and minerals activated with copper sulfate (10-4 M) and copper nitrate (10-4 M) have been investigated at pH = 7.5. Surface species have been identified by FTIR and correlated with SEM. After copper sulfate activation, copper xanthate exists on all of the minerals studied. Neutral pH is most favorable for potassium isobutyl xanthate adsorption on sphalerite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flotation" title="flotation">flotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xanthate%20KIBX" title=" xanthate KIBX"> xanthate KIBX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sphalerite" title=" sphalerite"> sphalerite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11381/sem-and-ftir-study-of-adsorption-characteristics-using-xanthate-kibx-synthesized-collectors-on-sphalerite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">477</span> Manganese and Other Geothermal Minerals Exposure to Residents in Ketenger Village, Banyumas, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rita%20Yuniatun">Rita Yuniatun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dewi%20Fadlilah%20Firdausi"> Dewi Fadlilah Firdausi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anida%20Hanifah"> Anida Hanifah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Putrisuvi%20Nurjannah%20Zalqis"> Putrisuvi Nurjannah Zalqis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erza%20Nur%20Afrilia"> Erza Nur Afrilia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akrima%20Fajrin%20Nurimani"> Akrima Fajrin Nurimani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Luis%20Krishna"> Andrew Luis Krishna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Manganese (Mn) is one of the potential contaminants minerals geothermal water. Preliminary studies conducted in Ketenger village, the nearest village with Baturaden hot spring, showed that the concentration of Mn in water supply has exceeded the reference value. Mineral contamination problem in Ketenger village is not only Mn, but also other potential geothermal minerals, such as chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), sulfide (S2-), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and zinc (Zn). It becomes a concern because generally the residents still use ground water as the water source for their daily needs, including drinking and cooking. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the distribution of mineral contamination in drinking water and food and to estimate the health risks possibility from the exposure. Four minerals (Mn, Fe, S2-, and Cr6+) were analyzed in drinking water, carbohydrate sources, vegetables, fishes, and fruits. The test results indicate that Mn concentration in drinking water is 0.35 mg/L, has exceeded the maximum contaminant level (MCL) according to the US EPA (MCL = 0.005 mg/L), whereas other minerals still comply with the standards. In addition, we found that the average of Mn concentration in the carbohydrate sources is quite high (1.87 mg/Kg). Measurement results in Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) and the Risk Quotient (RQ) found that exposure to manganese and other geothermal minerals in drinking water and food are safe from the non-carcinogenic effects in each age group (RQ<1). So, geothermal mineral concentrations in drinking water and food has no effect on non-carcinogenic risk in Ketenger’s residents because of CDI is also influenced by other parameters such as the duration of exposure and the rate of consumption. However, it was found that intake of essential minerals (Mn and Fe) are deficient in every age group. So that, the addition of Mn and Fe intake is recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDI" title="CDI">CDI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contaminant" title=" contaminant"> contaminant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geothermal%20minerals" title=" geothermal minerals"> geothermal minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manganese" title=" manganese"> manganese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RQ" title=" RQ"> RQ</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48070/manganese-and-other-geothermal-minerals-exposure-to-residents-in-ketenger-village-banyumas-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">476</span> Investigating the Pathfinding Elements and Indicator Minerals of Au as the Main Geological Signatures for Au Ore Discovery at Kubi Gold Deposit, Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriel%20K.%20Nzulu">Gabriel K. Nzulu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hans%20H%C3%B6gberg"> Hans Högberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Per%20Eklund"> Per Eklund</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lars%20Hultman"> Lars Hultman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Magnuson"> Martin Magnuson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) are applied to investigate the properties of rock samples from a drill hole from the Kubi Gold Project of the Asante Gold Corporation near Dunwka-on-Offin in the Central Region of Ghana. The distribution of these minerals in the rocks were observed in the drill hole sections. X-ray diffraction indicates that the samples contain garnet, pyrite, periclase, and quartz as the main indicator minerals. SEM revealed morphologies of these minerals. From EDX and XPS, Fe, Mg, Al, S, O, Hg, Ti, Mn, Na, Ag, Au, Cu, Si, and K are identified as the pathfinder elements in the area that either form alloys with gold or inherent elements in the sediments. This finding can be ascribed to primary geochemical distribution, which developed from crystallization of magma and hydrothermal liquids as well as the movement of metasomatic elements and the precipitous rate of chemical weathering of lateralization in secondary processes. The results indicate that Au mineralization in the Kubi Mine area is controlled by garnet, pyrite, goethite, and kaolinite that grades up to the surface (oxides) with hematite and limonite alterations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold" title="gold">gold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minerals" title=" minerals"> minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathfinder%20element" title=" pathfinder element"> pathfinder element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectroscopy" title=" spectroscopy"> spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray" title=" X-ray"> X-ray</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157979/investigating-the-pathfinding-elements-and-indicator-minerals-of-au-as-the-main-geological-signatures-for-au-ore-discovery-at-kubi-gold-deposit-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">475</span> Physio-Thermal and Geochemical Behavior and Alteration of the Au Pathfinder Gangue Hydrothermal Quartz at the Kubi Gold Ore Deposits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriel%20K.%20Nzulu">Gabriel K. Nzulu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lina%20Rostorm"> Lina Rostorm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hans%20H%C3%B6gberg"> Hans Högberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Liu"> Jun Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=per%20Eklund"> per Eklund</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lars%20Hultman"> Lars Hultman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Magnuson"> Martin Magnuson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Altered and gangue quartz in hydrothermal veins from the Kubi Gold deposit in Dunkwa on Offin in the central region of Ghana are investigated for possible Au associated pathfinder minerals and to provide understanding and increase the knowledge of the mineral hosting and alteration processes in quartz. X-ray diffraction, air annealing furnace, differential scanning calorimetry, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy have been applied on different quartz types outcropping from surface and bed rocks at the Kubi Gold Mining to reveal the material properties at different temperatures. From the diffraction results of the fresh and annealed quartz samples, we find that the samples contain pathfinder and the impurity minerals FeS₂, biotite, TiO₂, and magnetite. These minerals, under oxidation process between 574-1400 °C temperatures experienced hematite alterations and a transformation from α-quartz to β-quartz and further to cristobalite as observed from the calorimetry scans for hydrothermally exposed materials. The energy dispersive spectroscopy revealed elemental species of Fe, S, Mg, K, Al, Ti, Na, Si, O, and Ca contained in the samples and these are attributed to the impurity phase minerals observed in the diffraction. The findings also suggest that during the hydrothermal flow regime, impurity minerals and metals can be trapped by voids and faults. Under favorable temperature conditions the trapped minerals can be altered to change color at different depositional stages by oxidation and reduction processes leading to hematite alteration which is a useful pathfinder in mineral exploration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quartz" title="quartz">quartz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrothermal" title=" hydrothermal"> hydrothermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minerals" title=" minerals"> minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hematite" title=" hematite"> hematite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=x-ray%20diffraction" title=" x-ray diffraction"> x-ray diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystal-structure" title=" crystal-structure"> crystal-structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defects" title=" defects"> defects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158122/physio-thermal-and-geochemical-behavior-and-alteration-of-the-au-pathfinder-gangue-hydrothermal-quartz-at-the-kubi-gold-ore-deposits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">474</span> Zeolite Origin within the Pliocene Sedimentary-Pyroclastic Deposits in the Southwestern Part of Syria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulsalam%20Turkmani">Abdulsalam Turkmani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Khaled%20Yezbek"> Mohammed Khaled Yezbek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farouk%20Al%20Imadi"> Farouk Al Imadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Geological surveys in the southwestern part of Syria showed the presence of sedimentary-pyroclastic deposits, volcanic tuff, to the age of the Upper Pliocene and contain the following minerals according petrographical study and XRD, SEM, XRF analysis and surface properties. X-Ray diffraction results indicate the presence of analcime, phillipsite and chabazite in in all the studied localities. There are also amorphous materials and clay minerals such as illite and montmorillonite. The non-zeolite constituents include olivine, clinopyroxene orthopyroxene and spinel, and less of magnetite and feldspar. Some major oxides were determined through XRF geochemical analyses which include SiO₂, Al₂O₃, K₂O, Fe₂O₃, and CaO for volcanic tuff and zeolite. The formation of these depositions can be summarized in the following stages during the Pliocene: Volcanic activity at the edges of Al Rutba uplift and Jabal Al Arab depression was a rich by tuff bearing ultra basic and basic xenoliths plus second phase by scoria, during the early Pliocene. Volcanic calm with the activity of erosion and form lakes in which deposition of a set of wastes, including olivine resulting from the disintegration of xenoliths during the middle Pliocene. Zeolites minerals form later, which make up about 15-20% and increase and decrease in reverse relation with the olivine sand. Zeolite is formed from volcanic glass, and the results of SEM show that the zeolites minerals very well crystallized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minerals" title="minerals">minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=origin" title=" origin"> origin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyroclastic" title=" pyroclastic"> pyroclastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeolite" title=" zeolite"> zeolite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111046/zeolite-origin-within-the-pliocene-sedimentary-pyroclastic-deposits-in-the-southwestern-part-of-syria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">473</span> Improvement of the Calciferous Minerals Floatability through the Application of High-Power Electromagnetic Pulses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentine%20A.%20Chanturiya">Valentine A. Chanturiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Zh.%20Bunin"> Igor Zh. Bunin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20V.%20Ryazantseva"> Maria V. Ryazantseva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The modification of structural and chemical properties of fluorite, scheelite and calcite under the impact of high-power electromagnetic pulses (HPEMP-treatment) were studied with the help of adsorption of acid-base indicators and atomic – force microscopy (AFM). The HPEMP-treatment during the space of 30 seconds resulted in the intensification of fluorite surface the electron-donating ability and acceptor properties of calcite and scheelite surfaces. High-power electromagnetic treatment of the single minerals resulted in the improvement of the calciferous minerals floatability. The rising of the scheelite recovery is 10 – 12%, fluorite – 5 – 6%, calcite – 7 – 8%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcite" title="calcite">calcite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorite" title=" fluorite"> fluorite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scheelite" title=" scheelite"> scheelite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20power%20electromagnetic%20pulses" title=" high power electromagnetic pulses"> high power electromagnetic pulses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floatability" title=" floatability"> floatability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64752/improvement-of-the-calciferous-minerals-floatability-through-the-application-of-high-power-electromagnetic-pulses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">472</span> Relationship of Trace Minerals Nutritional Status of Camel (Camelus dromedarius) to Their Contents in Egyptian Feedstuff </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20Mohamed%20Hady%20Ali">Maha Mohamed Hady Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20El-Sayed"> M. A. El-Sayed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Camel (Camelus dromedarius) is very important animal in many arid and semi-arid zones of tropical and subtropical regions as it serves as dual purpose providing meat and milk for human and as draft animal. Camel, like other animal must receive all essential nutrients despite the hostile environment. A study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional status of some micro-minerals of camel under Egyptian environmental condition. Forty five blood samples were collected from apparently healthy male camels with an average age between 2-6 years at the slaughter house in Cairo province, Egypt. The animals were fed mainly on berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) or concentrate with straw before slaughtering. The collected serum and feedstuff samples were subjected to copper, iron, selenium and zinc analysis using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The data showed variation in the level of copper, iron, selenium and zinc in the serum of the dromedary camel as well as in the feedstuffs. Furthermore, the results indicated that the micro- minerals status of feeds may not always reflected as such in camel blood suggesting some role of bioavailability. The main reason for the lack of such reflection seems to be the wide diversity exists in the surrounding environment (forages and plants) as well as the bioavailability of such minerals. Since the requirement of micro-minerals have not been established for camel, more researches must be focused on this topic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=camel" title="camel">camel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper" title=" copper"> copper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egypt" title=" egypt"> egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20stuff" title=" feed stuff"> feed stuff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron" title=" iron"> iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selenium" title=" selenium"> selenium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc" title=" zinc"> zinc</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31289/relationship-of-trace-minerals-nutritional-status-of-camel-camelus-dromedarius-to-their-contents-in-egyptian-feedstuff" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">522</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">471</span> Geochemical and Mineralogical Characters of the Coastal Plain Sediments of the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Ahmed%20Aly%20Elhabab">Adel Ahmed Aly Elhabab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Adsani"> Ibrahim Adsani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study deals with detailed geochemical and mineralogical studies of the coastal plain sediments formed along the shoreline of the Arabian Gulf area, Kuwait. These deposits are mainly fluviomarine and beach sands. The coastal plain deposits of the central Kuwait shoreline zone were found to consist of average medium-grained sand. The sand composed, on average of about 90% sand, and about 10% or less is mud, and has a unimodal distribution with a mode of medium sand (1-2 ф). The sediments consist mainly quartz, Feldspar, clay minerals with carbonate minerals (detritus calcite and dolomite) and rock fragments (chert). The mineralogy of the clay fractions of the sediments is dominated by illite, palygorskite, mixed layer illite-montmorillonite with minor amounts of chlorite and Kaolinite Heavy minerals are concentrated in the very fine sand fraction and are dominated by opaque minerals, and non opaque minerals which represented by amphiboles, pyroxenes, epidotes, dolomite, zircon, tourmaline, rutile, garnet and other which represented by Staurolite, Kyanite, Andalusite and Sillimenite as a trace amounts. The chemical analysis for the detrital amphibole grains from sandstone of coastal plain sediments shows the following features; the grains which have (Na+K) <0.50 its composition ranges from actino hornblende to magnesio hornblende, but the grains which have (Na+K) >0.50 its composition have wide variation and on the (Na+K)-AlIV diagram can be characterized two association: Association 1 which characterized by low amount of AlIV and low amount of (Na+K), by comparing the chemical composition of this association and the chemical composition of amphibole grains from older basement rock, can be say, these association may be derived from metamorphic source rocks and association 2 which characterized by high amount of AlIV and low amount of (Na+K), may be derived from volcanic source rocks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20composition" title="chemical composition">chemical composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%20minerals" title=" clay minerals"> clay minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coastal%20area" title=" coastal area"> coastal area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro%20probe%20micro%20analyzer%20%28EPMA%29" title=" electro probe micro analyzer (EPMA)"> electro probe micro analyzer (EPMA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluviomarine%20sediments" title=" fluviomarine sediments"> fluviomarine sediments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20minerals" title=" heavy minerals"> heavy minerals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38146/geochemical-and-mineralogical-characters-of-the-coastal-plain-sediments-of-the-arabian-gulf-kuwait" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">470</span> Conversion of Atmospheric Carbone Dioxide into Minerals at Room Conditions by Using the Sea Water Plus Various Additives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muthana%20A.%20M.%20Jamel%20Al-Gburi">Muthana A. M. Jamel Al-Gburi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Elimination of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas from the atmosphere is very important but complicated since there is increasing in the amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which mainly caused by some of the human activities and the burning of fossil fuels. So that will lead to global warming. The global warming affects the earth temperature causing an increase to a higher level and, at the same time, creates tornadoes and storms. In this project, we are going to do a new technique for extracting carbon dioxide directly from the air and change it to useful minerals and Nano scale fibers made of carbon by using several chemical processes through chemical reactions. So, that could lead to an economical and healthy way to make some valuable building materials. Also, it may even work as a weapon against environmental change. In our device (Carbone Dioxide Domestic Extractor), we are using Ocean-seawater to dissolve the CO₂ gas and then converted it into carbonate minerals by using a number of additives like Shampoo, clay, and MgO. Note that the atmospheric air includes CO₂ gas, has circulated within the seawater by the air pump. More, that we will use a number of chemicals agents to convert the water acid into useful minerals. After we constructed the system, we did intense experiments and investigations to find the optimum chemical agent, which must be work at the environmental condition. Further to that, we will measure the solubility of CO₂ and other salts in the seawater. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20warming" title="global warming">global warming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20gas" title=" CO₂ gas"> CO₂ gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocean-sea%20water" title=" ocean-sea water"> ocean-sea water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additives" title=" additives"> additives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solubility%20level" title=" solubility level"> solubility level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154412/conversion-of-atmospheric-carbone-dioxide-into-minerals-at-room-conditions-by-using-the-sea-water-plus-various-additives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">469</span> Characterizing the Diffused Double Layer Properties of Clay Minerals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Saranya">N. Saranya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The difference in characteristic behavior of clay minerals for different electrolyte solution is dictated by the corresponding variation occurring at its diffused double layer thickness (DDL). The diffused double layer of clay mineral has two distinct regions; the inner region is termed as ‘Stern layer’ where ions are strongly attached to the clay surface. In the outer region, the ions are not strongly bonded with the clay surface, and this region is termed as ‘diffuse layer’. Within the diffuse layer, there is a plane that forms a boundary between the moving ions and the ions attached to the clay surface, which is termed as slipping or shear plane, and the potential of this plane is defined as zeta potential (ζ). Therefore, the variation in diffused double layer properties of clay mineral for different electrolyte solutions can be modeled if the corresponding variation in surface charge, surface potential, and zeta potential are computed. In view of this, the present study has attempted to characterize the diffused double layer properties of three different clay minerals interacting with different pore fluids by measuring the corresponding variation in surface charge, surface potential, and zeta potential. Further, the obtained variation in the diffused double layer property is compared with the Gouy-Chapman model, which is the widely accepted theoretical model to characterize the diffused double layer properties of clay minerals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DDL" title="DDL">DDL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20charge" title=" surface charge"> surface charge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20potential" title=" surface potential"> surface potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeta%20potential" title=" zeta potential"> zeta potential</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116388/characterizing-the-diffused-double-layer-properties-of-clay-minerals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116388.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">468</span> Insight into Enhancement of CO2 Capture by Clay Minerals </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mardin%20Abdalqadir">Mardin Abdalqadir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Adzakro"> Paul Adzakro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tannaz%20Pak"> Tannaz Pak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sina%20%20Rezaei%20Gomari"> Sina Rezaei Gomari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate change and global warming recently became significant concerns due to the massive emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, predominantly CO2 gases. Therefore, it is necessary to find sustainable and inexpensive methods to capture the greenhouse gasses and protect the environment for live species. The application of naturally available and cheap adsorbents of carbon such as clay minerals became a great interest. However, the minerals prone to low storage capacity despite their high affinity to adsorb carbon. This paper aims to explore ways to improve the pore volume and surface area of two selected clay minerals, ‘montmorillonite and kaolinite’ by acid treatment to overcome their low storage capacity. Montmorillonite and kaolinite samples were treated with different sulfuric acid concentrations (0.5, 1.2 and 2.5 M) at 40 °C for 8 hours to achieve the above aim. The grain size distribution and morphology of clay minerals before and after acid treatment were explored with Scanning Electron Microscope to evaluate surface area improvement. The ImageJ software was used to find the porosity and pore volume of treated and untreated clay samples. The structure of the clay minerals was also analyzed using an X-ray Diffraction machine. The results showed that the pore volume and surface area were increased substantially through acid treatment, which speeded up the rate of carbon dioxide adsorption. XRD pattern of kaolinite did not change after sulfuric acid treatment, which indicates that acid treatment would not affect the structure of kaolinite. It was also discovered that kaolinite had a higher pore volume and porosity than montmorillonite before and after acid treatment. For example, the pore volume of untreated kaolinite was equal to 30.498 um3 with a porosity of 23.49%. Raising the concentration of acid from 0.5 M to 2.5 M in 8 hours’ time reaction led to increased pore volume from 30.498 um3 to 34.73 um3. The pore volume of raw montmorillonite was equal to 15.610 um3 with a porosity of 12.7%. When the acid concentration was raised from 0.5 M to 2.5 M for the same reaction time, pore volume also increased from 15.610 um3 to 20.538 um3. However, montmorillonite had a higher specific surface area than kaolinite. This study concludes that clay minerals are inexpensive and available material sources to model the realistic conditions and apply the results of carbon capture to prevent global warming, which is one of the most critical and urgent problems in the world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20treatment" title="acid treatment">acid treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kaolinite" title=" kaolinite"> kaolinite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=montmorillonite" title=" montmorillonite"> montmorillonite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pore%20volume" title=" pore volume"> pore volume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20area" title=" surface area"> surface area</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136993/insight-into-enhancement-of-co2-capture-by-clay-minerals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">467</span> Effect of Short-Term Enriching of Algae with Selenium and Zinc on Growth and Mineral Composition of Marine Rotifer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sirwe%20Ghaderpour">Sirwe Ghaderpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasrollah%20Ahmadifard"> Nasrollah Ahmadifard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naser%20Agh"> Naser Agh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakaria%20Vahabzadeh"> Zakaria Vahabzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rotifers are used in many hatcheries for feeding the earliest stages of fish larvae and crustaceans due to their small size, slow movements, fast reproduction, and easy cultivation. One of the disadvantages of using rotifers as live prey is their lower content of some nutrients compared to copepods, so it is necessary to increase the amounts of these nutrients by means of enrichment. Minerals are a group of micro-elements, essential to fish, that is lacking in the rotifers, for example, selenium (30 fold) and zinc (5 fold) are present in lower quantities than the minimum amounts found in copepods. In this study, the condensed Isochrysis aff. galbana (T-ISO) and Nannochloropsis oculata were suspended at concentration of 18 × 109 cell mL⁻¹ of water with 20 ppt of salinity. Four different levels (0, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg L⁻¹) of each Na₂SeO₃ and ZnSO₄.7H₂O separately were prepared, and 1 mL of each stock was poured to the algae enrichment vessels for 1 h simultaneously. After that, the material was centrifuged (at 4000 rpm for 5 min), and the precipitated enriched algae was used for rotifer feeding. The contents of Se, Zn, Cu, and Mn were determined in enriched microalgae and rotifer by Atomic absorption. The highest content of both minerals was observed in 0.4 Zn + 0.4 Se treatment and also rotifer enriched with these enriched microalgae. The enrichment of microalgae with Zn and Se does not affect the content of Cu in the microalgae. Also, the content of Cu in rotifer fed with the enriched microalgae showed the highest Cu content in the treatments than the control. But, the enrichment with both minerals had a negative effect on the content Mn in enriched mixed microalgae except 0.4 Zn + 0.4 Se. The Mn content in enriched rotifer decreased in the treatments than the control except for 0.1 Zn + 0.1 Se. There was no significant effect on rotifer growth in combined enrichment with both minerals (p < 0.05). Overall, rotifers enrichment with Se and Zn mixed microalgae resulted in increasing Se, Zn, and Cu. This will allow Se and Zn microalgae enriched rotifers to be used as the minerals delivery method for fish larvae nutritional requirements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enrichment" title="enrichment">enrichment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=larvae" title=" larvae"> larvae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title=" microalgae"> microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral" title=" mineral"> mineral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotifer" title=" rotifer"> rotifer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122847/effect-of-short-term-enriching-of-algae-with-selenium-and-zinc-on-growth-and-mineral-composition-of-marine-rotifer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">466</span> Behavior of Clay effect on Electrical Parameter of Reservoir Rock Using Global Hydraulic Elements (GHEs) Approach </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noreddin%20Mousa">Noreddin Mousa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this study is to estimate which type of clay minerals that more effect on saturation exponent using Global Hydraulic Elements (GHEs) approach to estimating the distribution of saturation exponent factor. Two wells and seven core samples have been selected from various (GHEs) for detailed study. There are many factors affecting saturation exponent such as wettability, grain pattern pressure of certain authigenic clays, which may promote oil wet characteristics of history of fluid displacement. The saturation exponent is related to the texture and affected by wettability and clay minerals. Capillary pressure (mercury injection) has been used to confirm GHEs which are selected to define rock types; the porous plate method is used to derive the saturation exponent in the laboratory. The petrography is very important in order to study the mineralogy and texture. In this study the results showing excellent relation between saturation exponent and the type of clay minerals which was observed that the Global Hydraulic Elements GHE-2 and GHE-5 which are containing Chlorite is more affect on saturation exponent comparing with the other GHE’s. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHEs" title="GHEs">GHEs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wettability" title=" wettability"> wettability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20hydraulic%20elements" title=" global hydraulic elements"> global hydraulic elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petrography" title=" petrography "> petrography </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3162/behavior-of-clay-effect-on-electrical-parameter-of-reservoir-rock-using-global-hydraulic-elements-ghes-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3162.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">465</span> Regional Low Gravity Anomalies Influencing High Concentrations of Heavy Minerals on Placer Deposits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20B.%20Karu%20Jayasundara">T. B. Karu Jayasundara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Regions of low gravity and gravity anomalies both influence heavy mineral concentrations on placer deposits. Economically imported heavy minerals are likely to have higher levels of deposition in low gravity regions of placer deposits. This can be found in coastal regions of Southern Asia, particularly in Sri Lanka and Peninsula India and areas located in the lowest gravity region of the world. The area about 70 kilometers of the east coast of Sri Lanka is covered by a high percentage of ilmenite deposits, and the southwest coast of the island consists of Monazite placer deposit. These deposits are one of the largest placer deposits in the world. In India, the heavy mineral industry has a good market. On the other hand, based on the coastal placer deposits recorded, the high gravity region located around Papua New Guinea, has no such heavy mineral deposits. In low gravity regions, with the help of other depositional environmental factors, the grains have more time and space to float in the sea, this helps bring high concentrations of heavy mineral deposits to the coast. The effect of low and high gravity can be demonstrated by using heavy mineral separation devices.  The <strong><em>Wilfley</em></strong> heavy mineral separating table is one of these; it is extensively used in industries and in laboratories for heavy mineral separation. The horizontally oscillating Wilfley table helps to separate heavy and light mineral grains in to deferent fractions, with the use of water. In this experiment, the low and high angle of the Wilfley table are representing low and high gravity respectively. A sample mixture of grain size <0.85 mm of heavy and light mineral grains has been used for this experiment. The high and low angle of the table was <em>6</em><em><sup>0</sup></em> and 2<em><sup>0</sup></em> respectively for this experiment. The separated fractions from the table are again separated into heavy and light minerals, with the use of heavy liquid, which consists of a specific gravity of 2.85. The fractions of separated heavy and light minerals have been used for drawing the two-dimensional graphs. The graphs show that the low gravity stage has a high percentage of heavy minerals collected in the upper area of the table than in the high gravity stage. The results of the experiment can be used for the comparison of regional low gravity and high gravity levels of heavy minerals. If there are any heavy mineral deposits in the high gravity regions, these deposits will take place far away from the coast, within the continental shelf. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anomaly" title="anomaly">anomaly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity" title=" gravity"> gravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influence" title=" influence"> influence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral" title=" mineral"> mineral</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76384/regional-low-gravity-anomalies-influencing-high-concentrations-of-heavy-minerals-on-placer-deposits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">464</span> The Influences of Diagenetic Process on the Resistivity Values of Oil Sandstone Reservoirs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20M.%20A.%20Rahoma">Mohamed M. A. Rahoma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A better understanding of the factors that control the resistivity values of Sandstone reservoirs is very important for petroleum exploration and production. This study is an attempt to find out the factors that could be the reason for the decrease in resistivity values of the Lower Akakus Sandstones, which are the main reservoir in the area in an onshore field located in the northern part of Ghadames Basin - Northwest of Libya in the contracted area 47, block 2 The study achieved is based on: 30 core chip samples taken from two wells (A3-47/02 and J1-47/02) and Routine Core Analysis (RCA). The results of petrography analysis (thin section, X-ray diffraction and SEM) demonstrated that the depth sits (intervals) which illustrated low resistivity values have a relatively high content of diagenetic clay and cement minerals, hence we can conclude that diagenetic events have a more significant impact on the resistivity values of studied interval for possibly two following reasons: The first essential reason, the extensive micro pores that mostly exist within clay minerals (Chlorite and Kaolinite where, about 30-50 % of their composition considered micro pores), resistivity log read low as noticed through the study. The highest value of micro pores recorded in core1 of J1-47/02 well due to most likely the kaolinite amount which was a slightly higher than the chlorite amount in this well (the bond water porosity for chlorite clay considered relatively the lowest porosity compared to other clay minerals). The second reason, the presence of diagenetic cement minerals (Siderite and Hematite, which contain an iron element as one of their components) within the studied interval as remarked from my study may cause decreasing in resistivity of the formation of the reservoir. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagenetic%20cement" title="diagenetic cement">diagenetic cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagenetic%20clay" title=" diagenetic clay"> diagenetic clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistivity" title=" resistivity"> resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petrography%20analysis" title=" petrography analysis"> petrography analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193430/the-influences-of-diagenetic-process-on-the-resistivity-values-of-oil-sandstone-reservoirs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">12</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">463</span> Petro-Mineralogical Studies of Phosphorite Deposit of Sallopat Block of Banswara District, Rajasthan, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20F.%20Khan">K. F. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samsuddin%20Khan"> Samsuddin Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Paleoproterozoic phosphorite deposit of Sallopat block of Banswara district of Rajasthan belongs to kalinjara formation of lunavada group of Aravalli Super Group. The phosphorites are found to occur as massive, brecciated, laminated and stromatolitic associated with calcareous quartzite, interbedded dolomite and multi coloured chert. The phosphorites are showing alternate brown and grey coloured concentric rims which are composed of phosphate, calcite and quartz minerals. Petro-mineralogical studies of phosphorite samples using petrological microscope, XRD, FEG- SEM and EDX reveal that apatite-(CaF) and apatite-(CaOH) are phosphate minerals which are intermixed with minor amount of carbonate materials. Sporadic findings of the uniform tiny granules of partially anisotropic apatite-(CaF) along with dolomite, calcite, quartz, muscovite, zeolite and other gangue minerals have been observed with the replacement of phosphate material by quartz and carbonate. The presence of microbial filaments of organic matter and alternate concentric rims of stromatolitic structure may suggest that the deposition of the phosphate took place in shallow marine oxidizing environmental conditions leading to the formation of phosphorite layers as primary biogenic precipitates by bacterial or algal activities. Different forms and texture of phosphate minerals may be due to environmental vicissitudes at the time of deposition followed by some replacement processes and biogenic activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apatite" title="apatite">apatite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petro-mineralogy" title=" petro-mineralogy"> petro-mineralogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphorites" title=" phosphorites"> phosphorites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sallopat" title=" sallopat"> sallopat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stromatolites" title=" stromatolites"> stromatolites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42417/petro-mineralogical-studies-of-phosphorite-deposit-of-sallopat-block-of-banswara-district-rajasthan-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">462</span> Reﬂectance Imaging Spectroscopy Data (Hyperspectral) for Mineral Mapping in the Orientale Basin Region on the Moon Surface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Sivakumar">V. Sivakumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Neelakantan"> R. Neelakantan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mineral mapping on the Moon surface provides the clue to understand the origin, evolution, stratigraphy and geological history of the Moon. Recently, reflectance imaging spectroscopy plays a significant role in identifying minerals on the planetary surface in the Visible to NIR region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) onboard Chandrayaan-1 provides unprecedented spectral data of lunar surface to study about the Moon surface. Here we used the M3 sensor data (hyperspectral imaging spectroscopy) for analysing mineralogy of Orientale basin region on the Moon surface. Reflectance spectrums were sampled from different locations of the basin and continuum was removed using ENvironment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) software. Reflectance spectra of unknown mineral composition were compared with known Reflectance Experiment Laboratory (RELAB) spectra for discriminating mineralogy. Minerals like olivine, Low-Ca Pyroxene (LCP), High-Ca Pyroxene (HCP) and plagioclase were identified. In addition to these minerals, an unusual type of spectral signature was identified, which indicates the probable Fe-Mg-spinel lithology in the basin region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chandryaan-1" title="chandryaan-1">chandryaan-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moon%20mineralogy%20mapper" title=" moon mineralogy mapper"> moon mineralogy mapper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral" title=" mineral"> mineral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mare%20orientale" title=" mare orientale"> mare orientale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moon" title=" moon"> moon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38068/reflectance-imaging-spectroscopy-data-hyperspectral-for-mineral-mapping-in-the-orientale-basin-region-on-the-moon-surface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">461</span> Use of Acid Mine Drainage as a Source of Iron to Initiate the Solar Photo-Fenton Treatment of Municipal Wastewater: Circular Economy Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tooba%20Aslam">Tooba Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Efthalia%20Chatzisymeon"> Efthalia Chatzisymeon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Untreated Municipal Wastewater (MWW) is renowned as the utmost harmful pollution caused to environmental water due to the high presence of nutrients and organic contaminants. Removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from synthetic as well as municipal wastewater is investigated by using acid mine drainage as a source of iron to initiate the solar photo-Fenton treatment of municipal wastewater. In this study, Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) and different minerals enriched in iron, such as goethite, hematite, magnetite, and magnesite, have been used as the source of iron to initiate the photo-Fenton process. Co-treatment of real municipal wastewater and acid mine drainage /minerals is widely examined. The effects of different parameters such as minerals recovery from AMD, AMD as a source of iron, H₂O₂ concentration, and COD concentrations on the COD percentage removal of the process are studied. The results show that, out of all the four minerals, only hematite (1g/L) could remove 30% of the pollutants at about 100 minutes and 1000 ppm of H₂O₂. The addition of AMD as a source of iron is performed and compared with both synthetic as well as real wastewater from South Africa under the same conditions, i.e., 1000 ppm of H₂O₂, ambient temperature, 2.8 pH, and solar simulator. In the case of synthetic wastewater, the maximum removal (56%) is achieved with 50 ppm of iron (AMD source) at 160 minutes. On the other hand, in real wastewater, the removal efficiency is 99% with 30 ppm of iron at 90 minutes and 96% with 50 ppm of iron at 120 minutes. In conclusion, overall, the co-treatment of AMD and MWW by solar photo-Fenton treatment appears to be an effective and promising method to remove organic materials from Municipal wastewater. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20wastewater%20treatment" title="municipal wastewater treatment">municipal wastewater treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20mine%20drainage" title=" acid mine drainage"> acid mine drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-treatment" title=" co-treatment"> co-treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COD%20removal" title=" COD removal"> COD removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20photo-Fenton" title=" solar photo-Fenton"> solar photo-Fenton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20economy" title=" circular economy"> circular economy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161244/use-of-acid-mine-drainage-as-a-source-of-iron-to-initiate-the-solar-photo-fenton-treatment-of-municipal-wastewater-circular-economy-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">460</span> Growth Studies and Leaf Mineral Composition of Amaranthus hybridus L. in Soil Medium Supplemended with Palm Bunch Ash Extract from Elaeis Guineensis jacq. in Abak Agricultural Zone of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etukudo">Etukudo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mbosowo"> M. Mbosowo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyananyo"> Nyananyo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Bio"> L. Bio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Negbenebor"> Negbenebor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Charles"> A. Charles</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An aqueous extract of palm bunch ash from Elaeis guineensis Jacq., equilibrated with water was used to assess the growth and minerals composition of Amaranthus hybridus L. in agricultural soil of Abak, Akwa Ibom State, nigeria. Various concentrations, 0 (control), 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% of palm bunch extract per 4kg of sandy-loam soil were used for the study. Chemical characteristics of the extract, Growth parameters (Plant height, root length, fresh weight, dry weight and moisture content), leaf minerals composition (Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium) of the crop and soil chemical composition before and after harvest (pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium) were examined. The results showed that palm bunch ash extract significantly (P < 0.05) increased the soil pH at all levels of treatments compared to the control. Similarly, the soil and leaf minerals component (N, P, K. Ca, and Mg) of the crop increased with increase in the concentration of palm bunch extract, except at 40 and 50% for leaf minerals composition, Soil organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus J(before and after harvest). In addition, The plant height, Root length, fresh weight, dry weight and moisture content of the crop increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increase in the concentration of the extract, Except at 30, 40 and 50% where these growth parameters decreased in relation to the control treatment. Therefore, this study suggests that palm bunch ash extract could be utilized at lower concentration as a nutrient supplement for both Amaranthus hubridus L. and soil medium, most especially in the tropical soils of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amaranthus%20hybridus%20L." title="Amaranthus hybridus L.">Amaranthus hybridus L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20minerals%20composition" title=" leaf minerals composition"> leaf minerals composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20bunch%20ash%20extract" title=" palm bunch ash extract"> palm bunch ash extract</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25516/growth-studies-and-leaf-mineral-composition-of-amaranthus-hybridus-l-in-soil-medium-supplemended-with-palm-bunch-ash-extract-from-elaeis-guineensis-jacq-in-abak-agricultural-zone-of-akwa-ibom-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">459</span> Investigation into the Effectiveness of Bacillus Mucilaginosus in Liberation of Platinum Group Metals Locked in Silicates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nokubonga%20G.%20Zulu">Nokubonga G. Zulu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bongephiwe%20M.%20Thethwayo"> Bongephiwe M. Thethwayo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mapilane%20S.%20Madiba"> Mapilane S. Madiba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20A.%20Olubambi"> Peter A. Olubambi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In South Africa, PGMs’ metallurgy industry is now leaned on the Upper Group 2 (UG2) reef for the beneficiation of 4PGEs (Platinum, Palladium, Rhodium, and Ruthenium). The current effective beneficiation method is direct froth flotation which uses the hydrophobicity of liberated valuables minerals to carefully float them while hydrophilic gangue minerals report to the residue. PGMs are known to be associated with base metal sulphides which are hydrophobic; however, approximately 25% of PGMs from UG2 are associated with hydrophilic silicates, which results in high PGMs grade in the flotation residue. Further, the smallest size in which UG2 PGMs occur is approximately 9 microns which demands high grinding for liberation, imposing energy and cost implications. The use of Bacillus mucilaginosus to liberate PGMs using Bio-leaching of PGMs bearing Silicates is a promising cost-effective, energy-saving, and green solution to liberate PGMs locked in silicates. This is due to the ability of Bacillus mucilaginosus to generate extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) that are responsible for the leaching of silicate minerals. The bioleaching is done at a laboratory beaker using a cultivated Bacillus mucilaginosus as a lixiviant. The bioleaching residue is expected to have a reduced particle size due to silicate consumption, which reduces the need and cost associated with a secondary milling circuit. Moreover, the grade of the bioleaching product is increased since the silicates (gangue minerals) are consumed by Bacillus mucilaginosus; this serves as a pre-concentration step. This paper discusses an alternative liberation and pre-concentrating technique of PGMs that are associated with silicates using Bacillus mucilaginosus leaching to dissolve silicates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20mucilaginosus" title="Bacillus mucilaginosus">Bacillus mucilaginosus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-leaching%20of%20PGMs%20bearing%20silicates" title=" bio-leaching of PGMs bearing silicates"> bio-leaching of PGMs bearing silicates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liberation%20of%20PGMs" title=" liberation of PGMs"> liberation of PGMs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-concentration%20of%20PGMs" title=" pre-concentration of PGMs"> pre-concentration of PGMs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160943/investigation-into-the-effectiveness-of-bacillus-mucilaginosus-in-liberation-of-platinum-group-metals-locked-in-silicates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160943.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">458</span> Optimization of Beneficiation Process for Upgrading Low Grade Egyptian Kaolin </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagui%20A.%20Abdel-Khalek">Nagui A. Abdel-Khalek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20A.%20Selim"> Khaled A. Selim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Hamdy"> Ahmed Hamdy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kaolin is naturally occurring ore predominantly containing kaolinite mineral in addition to some gangue minerals. Typical impurities present in kaolin ore are quartz, iron oxides, titanoferrous minerals, mica, feldspar, organic matter, etc. The main coloring impurity, particularly in the ultrafine size range, is titanoferrous minerals. Kaolin is used in many industrial applications such as sanitary ware, table ware, ceramic, paint, and paper industries, each of which should be of certain specifications. For most industrial applications, kaolin should be processed to obtain refined clay so as to match with standard specifications. For example, kaolin used in paper and paint industries need to be of high brightness and low yellowness. Egyptian kaolin is not subjected to any beneficiation process and the Egyptian companies apply selective mining followed by, in some localities, crushing and size reduction only. Such low quality kaolin can be used in refractory and pottery production but not in white ware and paper industries. This paper aims to study the amenability of beneficiation of an Egyptian kaolin ore of El-Teih locality, Sinai, to be suitable for different industrial applications. Attrition scrubbing and classification followed by magnetic separation are applied to remove the associated impurities. Attrition scrubbing and classification are used to separate the coarse silica and feldspars. Wet high intensity magnetic separation was applied to remove colored contaminants such as iron oxide and titanium oxide. Different variables affecting of magnetic separation process such as solid percent, magnetic field, matrix loading capacity, and retention time are studied. The results indicated that substantial decrease in iron oxide (from 1.69% to 0.61% ) and TiO2 (from 3.1% to 0.83%) contents as well as improving iso-brightness (from 63.76% to 75.21% and whiteness (from 79.85% to 86.72%) of the product can be achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaolin" title="Kaolin">Kaolin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanoferrous%20minerals" title=" titanoferrous minerals"> titanoferrous minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beneficiation" title=" beneficiation"> beneficiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20separation" title=" magnetic separation"> magnetic separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attrition%20scrubbing" title=" attrition scrubbing"> attrition scrubbing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3120/optimization-of-beneficiation-process-for-upgrading-low-grade-egyptian-kaolin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minerals&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minerals&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minerals&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minerals&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minerals&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minerals&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minerals&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minerals&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minerals&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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