Platinum (Pt) | AMERICAN ELEMENTS ®

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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=zh-CN&hl=en&u=https://www.twitter.com/AmericanElement"><span class="sr-only">Twitter</span></a> <a class="ming-link social facebook" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=zh-CN&hl=en&u=https://www.facebook.com/AmericanElement"><span class="sr-only">Facebook</span></a> <a class="ming-link social linkedin" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=zh-CN&hl=en&u=https://www.linkedin.com/company/american-elements"><span class="sr-only">LinkedIn</span></a> <a class="ming-link social instagram" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&tl=zh-CN&hl=en&u=https://www.instagram.com/americanelements/"><span class="sr-only">Instagram</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid" id="main-content"> <div id="page-content">  <div class="banner"> <h1 class="short">Platinum</h1><span class="element-item2 transition metal" aria-hidden="true"><span class="symbol2">Pt</span><span class="number">78</span><span class="weight">195.084</span></span>  </div>  <div id="element-tabs"> <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-justified" role="tablist"> <li><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/pt.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#about" id="tab1" role="tab" aria-controls="about" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">About Platinum</a></li> <li class="active"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/pt.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#products" id="tab2" role="tab" aria-controls="products" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Products</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/pt.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#properties" id="tab3" role="tab" aria-controls="properties" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Properties</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/pt.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#safety" id="tab4" role="tab" aria-controls="safety" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/pt.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#isotopes" id="tab5" role="tab" aria-controls="isotopes" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Isotopes</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="content"> <div class="tab-content"> <div class="tab-pane" id="about" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab1"> <h2>About Platinum</h2><img src="images_graphics/element-bohr-models/platinum-bohr-model.jpg" alt="Platinum Bohr Model" width="200" height="200" class="image-left"> <p>Pre-columbian natives of the Americas have produced items made from <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/gold-metal-7440-57-5?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">gold</a>-platinum alloys for 2,000 years, but Spanish explorers first brought platinum to Europe in the 18th century in the form they called platina, the native form of the metal found in South America. The name was derived from <em>plata</em>, the Spanish word for <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/silver-metal-7440-22-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">silver metal</a>, and was eventually used in the official name of the element. Antonio de Ulloa is credited with the discovery of platina in 1735, but was primarily an explorer and had little to do with investigation of the metal after submitting a report that included descriptions of the metal in 1746. Instead, a range of chemists across Europe experimented with the newly discovered metal.</p> <p>18th century chemists recognized the potential value of the hard and corrosion-resistant metal but struggled to produce malleable platinum from the ore. In 1751, Swedish scientist Henrik Scheffer discovered that grains of the platinum ore could be fused into malleable platinum by heating them in the presence of arsenic, and subsequent refinement of this process enabled the production of the first European products made from the metal. Over the next fifty years, a variety of processes were developed to produce malleable <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-metal-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">platinum metal</a> from ore, but all of them suffered from some inconsistencies in the final material produced and required laborious or costly steps, limiting the production of the metal. During this period, platinum was used primarily for the production of ornamental pieces and laboratory ware.</p> <p>In 1802, English chemists Smithson Tennant and William Hyde Wollaston worked together to come up with a more efficient way to produce workable platinum. In the process, they discovered what had been hindering platinum purification all along: platinum ore actually contained trace amounts of several other elements previously unknown to science, and varying amounts of contamination with these elements remaining after extraction of the metal from the ore led to variations in the properties of the “platinum” produced. This new understanding facilitated the development of more reliable and efficient methods for processing platinum ore, which was followed by a boom in availability and use of the metal.</p> <p>In 1817, Humphry Davy, a chemist who was interested in producing a lamp that could be safely used in coal mines, stumbled upon the phenomenon of heterogeneous catalytic oxidation: the coal gas he tested would burn without a flame and at a lower than usual temperature only when it came in contact with <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-wire-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">platinum</a> or <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/palladium-wire-7440-05-3?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">palladium metal wire</a>. Having solved his problem, Davy then moved on to other pursuits, but other chemists were fascinated, and soon many reactions where platinum could serve as a catalyst were discovered. By the beginning of the 20th century, platinum catalysts were widely used in the industrial production of sulfuric and nitric acid.</p> <p>Today, platinum catalysts are essential for <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/automotive.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">catalytic converters</a>, which reduce toxic emissions by automobiles, for <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/oil-gas.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">petroleum processing</a>, and for a wide range of organic synthesis applications. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Gerhard Ertl for the research on catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide, the chemistry that underlies the function of catalytic converters. Additionally, two other Chemistry Nobel Prize winners investigated platinum catalysts in their research, though each was ultimately awarded the prize for processes that used other metals as catalysts. Paul Sabatier’s award in 1912 recognized him for his work on hydrogenation reactions for which he ultimately found <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/nickel-metal-7440-02-0?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">nickel metal</a> to be more effective than platinum. The first successful production of ammonia from gaseous nitrogen was performed in 1881 using a platinum catalyst, and Fritz Haber’s research into improving this process ultimately resulted in the Haber process for which he won the 1918 Nobel Prize. Haber’s final process as used in industry used <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/iron-metal-7439-89-6?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">iron</a>-based catalysts rather than platinum group metals, but his research would not have been possible without prior work using platinum.</p> <p>While researchers investigated the chemical properties of platinum in the 19th century, the metal was also growing in popularity for use in <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/jewelry-fashion.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">jewelry manufacturing</a>. Platinum is in some ways a better metal for jewelry than either <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/silver-metal-7440-22-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">silver</a> or <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/gold-metal-7440-57-5?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">gold</a>, as it is harder than either and does not tarnish like silver. Once several prominent jewelers started using the metal in the late 1800’s, platinum rose rapidly in popularity, becoming particularly fashionable for the setting of colorless stones. This continued until 1940, when platinum use was restricted to industrial production of chemicals needed in the war effort. Platinum was replaced by white gold due to these restrictions, but has returned to popularity in recent years.</p> <p>Platinum and platinum <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/alloys.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">alloys</a> are used in a wide range of settings where chemical inertness or wear resistance are important, including <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/medical-devices.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">medical devices</a>, laboratory instruments, electrical contacts, spark plugs, and turbine engines. A <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-iridium-alloy-37186-87-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">platinum-iridium alloy</a> was also used to produce the international prototype kilogram and meter in the late 19th century; of the two only the kilogram remains in official use. Finally, organometallic platinum complexes have been investigated for use in cancer treatment.</p> <p>Like other platinum group metals, platinum is most often obtained for commercial use as a byproduct from <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/ni.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">nickel</a> and <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cu.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">copper</a> mining and processing, but can also be obtained from rare platinum-rich ores and alluvial deposits of native platinum.</p> </div> <div class="tab-pane active" id="products" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab2"> <h2>Products</h2> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion"> <div class="panel panel-products"> <div class="panel-heading activate-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#compound-products"> <span class="panel-title">Compounds</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span> </div> <div id="compound-products" 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Hexahydroxyplatinate(IV)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/sodium-hexaiodoplatinate-iv-hexahydrate?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Sodium Hexaiodoplatinate(IV) Hexahydrate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/sodium-tetrachloroplatinate-ii-hydrate-207683-21-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Sodium Tetrachloroplatinate(II) Hydrate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/sodium-tetracyanoplatinate-ii-hydrate-699012-94-7?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Sodium Tetracyanoplatinate(II) Hydrate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tetraammineplatinum-ii-chloride-monohydrate-13933-33-0?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Tetraammineplatinum(II) Chloride Monohydrate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tetraammineplatinum-ii-hydrogencarbonate-123439-82-7?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Tetraammineplatinum(II) Hydrogencarbonate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tetraammineplatinum-ii-hydrogen-phosphate-127733-98-6?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Tetraammineplatinum(II) Hydrogen Phosphate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tetraammineplatinum-acetate-solution-127733-97-5?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Tetraammineplatinum Acetate Solution</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tetraammineplatinum-chloride-13933-32-9?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Tetraammineplatinum Chloride</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tetraammineplatinum-ii-chloride-hydrate-108374-32-9?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Tetraammineplatinum(II) Chloride Hydrate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tetraammineplatinum-ii-chloride-solution-13933-32-9?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Tetraammineplatinum(II) Chloride Solution</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tetraammineplatinum-ii-hydrogencarbonate-123439-82-7?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Tetraammineplatinum(II) Hydrogencarbonate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tetraammineplatinum-ii-hydroxide-hydrate-312695-70-8?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Tetraammineplatinum(II) Hydroxide Hydrate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tetraammineplatinum-ii-hydroxide-solution-38201-97-7?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Tetraammineplatinum(II) Hydroxide Solution</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tetraammineplatinum-ii-nitrate-20634-12-2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Tetraammineplatinum(II) Nitrate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tetraammineplatinum-ii-tetrachloroplatinate-ii-13820-46-7?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Tetraammineplatinum(II) Tetrachloroplatinate(II)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/thallium-i-hexachloroplatinate-iv-26427-69-0?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Thallium(I) Hexachloroplatinate(IV)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/trans-diaamminedinitroplatinum-14286-02-3?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">trans-Diaamminedinitroplatinum</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/trans-diamminedichloroplatinum-ii-14913-33-8?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">trans-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/trans-diamminetetrachloroplatinum-iv-16893-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">trans-Diamminetetrachloroplatinum(IV)</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-products"> <div class="panel-heading activate-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#metallic-products"> <span class="panel-title">Metallic Forms</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span> </div> <div id="metallic-products" class="panel-body collapse row"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-palladium-on-carbon?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Palladium/Platinum on Carbon</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-balls-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Balls</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-band-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Bands</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-bars-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Bars</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-black-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Black</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-blocks-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Blocks</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-boats-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Boats</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-chunk-7440-06-4-0?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Chunk</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-coated-molybdenum-ribbon-7439-98-7?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum-Coated Molybdenum Ribbon</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-coated-molybdenum-wire-7439-98-7?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum-Coated Molybdenum Wire</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-coil-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Coil</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-concentrate-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Concentrate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-conductor-paste-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Conductor Paste</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-crucibles-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Crucible</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-cubes-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Cubes</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-cylinder-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Cylinder</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-disc-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Discs</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-electrode-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Electrode</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-flake-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Flake</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-flange-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Flanges</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-foil-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Foil</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-gauze-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Gauze</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-granules-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Granules</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-hollow-spheres-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Hollow Spheres</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-ingot-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Ingot</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-ink-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Ink</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-insulated-wire-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Insulated Wire</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-lump-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Lump</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-marker-bands-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Marker Bands</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-mesh-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Mesh</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-metal-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Metal</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-microfoil-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Microfoil</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-microleaf-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Microleaf</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-on-activated-charcoal-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum on Activated Charcoal</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-on-alumina-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum on Alumina</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-on-barium-sulfate-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum on Barium Sulfate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-on-calcium-carbonate-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum on Calcium Carbonate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-on-carbon-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum on Carbon</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-on-silica-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum on Silica</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-parts-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Parts</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-pellets-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Pellets</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-pieces-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Pieces</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-plate-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Plate</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-powder-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Powder</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-puck-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Pucks</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-ribbon-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Ribbon</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-ring-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Rings</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-rod-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Rod</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-samples-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Samples</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-shavings-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Shaving</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-sheet-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Sheet</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-shot-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Shot</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-single-crystal-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Single Crystal</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-sleeves-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Sleeves</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-slugs-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Slugs</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-specimen-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Specimens</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-spheres-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Spheres</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-sponge-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Sponges</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-spring-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Spring</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-strip-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Strip</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-sulfided-on-carbon-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum, Sulfided, on Carbon</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-tape-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Tape</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-tube-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Tube</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-wafer-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Wafer</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-wire-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Wire</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-products"> <div class="panel-heading activate-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#alloy-products"> <span class="panel-title">Alloys</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span> </div> <div id="alloy-products" class="panel-body collapse row"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/chromium-cobalt-platinum-alloy?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Chromium Cobalt Platinum Alloy</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/chromium-cobalt-platinum-tantalum-alloy?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Chromium Cobalt Platinum Tantalum</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/chromium-manganese-platinum-alloy?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Chromium Manganese Platinum Alloy</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cobalt-platinum-alloy?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Cobalt Platinum Alloy</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/gold-platinum-alloy?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Gold Platinum Alloy</a></li> <li class="product"><a 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href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/tributylphosphine-998-40-3?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Tributylphosphine</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/trimethylbenzylammoniumhexachloroplatinate-iv-41909-89-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Trimethylbenzylammoniumhexachloroplatinate(IV)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/trimethyl-cyclopentadienylplatinum-iv-1271-07-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">(Trimethyl)cyclopentadienylplatinum(IV)</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/trimethyl-methylcyclopentadienyl-platinum-iv-94442-22-5?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl)platinum(IV)</a></li> <li class="product"><a 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no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/gold-nanorods-platinum-coated-7440-57-5?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Gold Nanorods, Platinum coated</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-hollow-nanospheres-7440-04-6?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Hollow Nanospheres</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-nanoparticles-7440-04-6?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Nanoparticles</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-nanoparticle-dispersion-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Nanoparticle Dispersion</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-nanoparticles-on-carbon-black-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Nanoparticles on Carbon Black</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-nanoparticles-on-titania-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Nanoparticles on Titania</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-nanoprisms-7440-04-6?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Nanoprisms</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-nanorods-7440-04-6?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Nanorods</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-nanostars-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Nanostars</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-oxide-nanoparticle-dispersion-1314-15-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Oxide Nanoparticle Dispersion</a></li> <li class="product"><a 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href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-phosphide?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Phosphide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-selenide?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Selenide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-single-crystal-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Single Crystal</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-ii-sulfide-12038-20-9?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Sulfide</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-telluride-870106-09-5?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Telluride</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-products"> <div class="panel-heading activate-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sputtering-target-products"> <span class="panel-title">Sputtering Targets</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span> </div> <div id="sputtering-target-products" class="panel-body collapse row"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/chromium-cobalt-platinum-alloy-sputtering-target?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Chromium Cobalt Platinum Alloy Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/cobalt-platinum-alloy-sputtering-target?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Cobalt Platinum Alloy Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/gold-platinum-sputtering-target?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Gold Platinum Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"><a 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href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-rhodium-alloy-sputtering-target-11107-71-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Rhodium Alloy Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-rotatable-sputtering-target-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Rotatable Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-scandium-alloy-sputtering-target?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Scandium Alloy Sputtering Target </a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-selenide-sputtering-target?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Selenide Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-silicide-sputtering-target-12137-83-6?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Silicide 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href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-yttrium-alloy-sputtering-target?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum Yttrium Alloy Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/titanium-platinum-alloy-sputtering-target-12038-31-2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Titanium Platinum Alloy Sputtering Target</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-products"> <div class="panel-heading activate-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#isotope-products"> <span class="panel-title">Isotopes</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span> </div> <div id="isotope-products" class="panel-body collapse row"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-194-metal-isotope?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum 194 Metal Isotope</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-196-metal-isotope?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum 196 Metal Isotope</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-198-metal-isotope?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum 198 Metal Isotope</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="openclose"> <div class="openall"> + Open All </div> <div class="closeall"> - Close All </div> </div> </div> <div id="products-intro"> <p>Platinum is used in laboratory and dentistry equipment, jewelry, electrical contacts and electrodes, and catalytic converters. It is highly corrosion resistant- the <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/metals.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">metal</a> does not oxidize in air at any temperature. Organoplatinum compounds have been used as pharmaceutical treatments for certain cancers. <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-oxide-powder-1314-15-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en"><img src="platinum-oxide-powder.png" alt="High Purity (99.999%) Platinum Oxide (PtO2) Powder" width="139" height="143" class="image-left"></a>Platinum is available as <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-metal-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">metal</a> and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/Ultra_high_purity_metals_powders.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">ultra-high purity</a>). <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-sputtering-target-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en"><img src="platinum-sputtering-target.png" alt="High Purity (99.999%) Platinum (Pt) Sputtering Target" width="102" height="112" class="image-right"></a>Elemental or metallic forms include <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-pellets-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">platinum pellets</a>, <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-rod-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">rod</a>, <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-wire-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">wire</a> and <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-granules-7440-06-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">granules</a> for evaporation source material purposes. <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-nanoparticles-7440-04-6?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum nanoparticles and nanopowders</a> are also available. <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-dioxide-adams-catalyst-1314-15-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum oxide</a> is available in <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-oxide-powder-1314-15-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">powder</a> and dense <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-oxide-pellets-1314-15-4?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">pellet</a> form for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications.<a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/oxides.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en"> Oxides</a> tend to be insoluble. <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-fluoride-13455-15-7?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Platinum fluoride</a> is another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Platinum is also available in soluble forms including <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-chloride-ptcl4-13454-96-1?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">chlorides</a>, <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-iv-nitrate-18496-40-7?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">nitrates</a> and <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/platinum-acetate-solution?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">acetates</a>. These compounds can be manufactured as <a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/solutions?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">solutions</a> at specified stoichiometries.</p> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="properties" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab3"> <h2>Platinum Properties</h2> <p><img src="platinum-block.png" alt="Platinum(Pt) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbol" width="38" height="40" hspace="10" class="image-left"><strong>Platinum</strong> is a Block D, Group 10, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of platinum's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1 and its electron configuration is [Xe] 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>9</sup> 6s<sup>1</sup>. The platinum atom has a radius of 137.3.pm and its Van der Waals radius is 175.pm. <img src="platinum-bohr.jpg" alt="Platinum Bohr Model" width="93" height="93" class="image-right"><img src="elemental-Platinum.png" alt="Elemental Platinum" width="75" height="79" class="image-left">In its elemental form, CAS 7440-06-4, platinum has a grayish white appearance. Platinum is a member of the platinum group of metals and the group 10 of the periodic table. It is generally non-reactive, even at high temperatures. It is one of the rarest elements in the earth's crust, occurring at a concentration of only 0.005 ppm. Platinum is found uncombined as native platinum and alloyed with iridium as platiniridium. Platinum was first discovered and isolated by Antonio de Ulloa in 1735. The origin of the name comes from the Spanish word platina meaning silver.</p> <div id="table-wrapper"> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion2"> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"><a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/pt.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#general-properties">General Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse " id="general-properties"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="symbol">Symbol:</th> <td>Pt</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-number">Atomic Number:</th> <td>78</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-weight">Atomic Weight:</th> <td>195.084</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="element-category">Element Category:</th> <td>transition metal</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="group-period-block">Group, Period, Block:</th> <td>10, 6, d</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="color">Color:</th> <td>silvery-white</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="other-names">Other Names:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"><a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/pt.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#physical-properties">Physical Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div id="physical-properties" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <table class="properties-table table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="melting-point">Melting Point:</th> <td>1768 °C, 3215 °F, 2041 K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="boiling-point">Boiling Point:</th> <td>3825 °C, 6917 °F, 4098 K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density">Density:</th> <td>21.45 g·cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="liquid-density">Liquid Density @ Melting Point:</th> <td>19.77 g·cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density-20-degrees-C">Density @ 20°C:</th> <td>21.45 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="solid-density">Density of Solid:</th> <td>21090 kg·m<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="specific-heat">Specific Heat:</th> <td>0.13 (kJ/kg K)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="superconductivity-temperature">Superconductivity Temperature:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="triple-point">Triple Point:</th> <td>2045 K, 2.0 × 10 4 kPa </td> </tr> <tr> <th id="critical-point">Critical Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="fusion-heat">Heat of Fusion (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>19.7</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vaporization-heat">Heat of Vaporization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>469</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomization-heat">Heat of Atomization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>564.42</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-conductivity">Thermal Conductivity:</th> <td>71.6 W·m<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-expansion">Thermal Expansion:</th> <td>(25 °C) 8.8 µm·m<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electrical-resistivity">Electrical Resistivity:</th> <td>(20 °C) 105 nΩ·m</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="tensile-strength">Tensile Strength:</th> <td>125-240 MPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="molar-heat-capacity">Molar Heat Capacity:</th> <td>25.86 J·mol<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="youngs-modulus">Young's Modulus:</th> <td>168 GPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="shear-modulus">Shear Modulus:</th> <td>61 GPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="bulk-modulus">Bulk Modulus:</th> <td>230 GPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="poisson-ratio">Poisson Ratio:</th> <td>0.38</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mohs-hardness">Mohs Hardness:</th> <td>4–4.5</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vickers-hardness">Vickers Hardness:</th> <td>549 MPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="brinell-hardness">Brinell Hardness:</th> <td>392 MPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="speed-of-sound">Speed of Sound:</th> <td>(r.t.) 2800 m·s<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electronegativity">Pauling Electronegativity:</th> <td>2.28</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="sanderson-electronegativity">Sanderson Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allerd-rochow-electronegativity">Allred Rochow Electronegativity:</th> <td>1.44</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mulliken-jaffe-electronegativity">Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allen-electronegativity">Allen Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electropositivity">Pauling Electropositivity:</th> <td>1.72</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="reflectivity">Reflectivity (%):</th> <td>73</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="refractive-index">Refractive Index:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"><a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/pt.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#chemical-properties">Chemical Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div id="chemical-properties" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <table class="properties-table table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="electrons">Electrons:</th> <td>78</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="protons">Protons:</th> <td>78</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="neutrons">Neutrons:</th> <td>117</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-configuration">Electron Configuration:</th> <td>[Xe] 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>9</sup> 6s<sup>1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius">Atomic Radius:</th> <td>139 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius-non-bonded">Atomic Radius,<br> non-bonded (Å):</th> <td>2.13</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius">Covalent Radius:</th> <td>136±5 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius-non-bonded">Covalent Radius (Å):</th> <td>1.3</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="van-der-waals-radius">Van der Waals Radius:</th> <td>175 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="oxidation-states">Oxidation States:</th> <td>6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, ?1, ?2, ?3 (mildly basic oxide)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="phase">Phase:</th> <td>Solid</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="crystal-structure">Crystal Structure:</th> <td>face-centered cubic</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="magnetic-ordering">Magnetic Ordering:</th> <td>paramagnetic</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-affinity">Electron Affinity (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>)</th> <td>205.321</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="1-ionization">1<sup>st</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>864.39 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="2-ionization">2<sup>nd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>1791.07 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="3-ionization">3<sup>rd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion3"> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"><a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/pt.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#identifiers">Identifiers<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse " id="identifiers"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="cas-number">CAS Number:</th> <td>7440-06-4</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="ec-number">EC Number:</th> <td>231-116-1</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mdl-number">MDL Number:</th> <td>MFCD00011179</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="beilstein-number">Beilstein Number:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="smile-id">SMILES Identifier:</th> <td>[Pt]</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-id">InChI Identifier:</th> <td>InChI=1S/Pt</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-key">InChI Key:</th> <td>BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pubchem-cid">PubChem CID:</th> <td>23939</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="chemspider-id">ChemSpider ID:</th> <td>22381</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"><a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/pt.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#abundance">Abundance<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse " id="abundance"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="earth-total">Earth - Total:</th> <td>1.67 ppm</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="mercury-total">Mercury - Total:</th> <td>1.29 ppm</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="venus-total">Venus - Total:</th> <td>1.76 ppm</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-weight">Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-atoms">Earth - Seawater (Oceans), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-weight">Earth -  Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by weight:</th> <td>37</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-atoms">Earth -  Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-weight">Sun - Total, ppb by weight:</th> <td>9</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-atoms">Sun - Total, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>0.06</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-weight">Stream, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-atoms">Stream, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-weight">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by weight:</th> <td>1000</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-atoms">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>100</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-weight">Typical Human Body, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-atoms">Typical Human Body, ppb by atom:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-weight">Universe, ppb by weight:</th> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-atoms">Universe, ppb by atom:</th> <td>0.03</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"><a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/pt.htm?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#history">History<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse " id="history"> <table class="table properties-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th id="discovered">Discovered By:</th> <td>Antonio de Ulloa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="discovery-date">Discovery Date:</th> <td>1735</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="first-isolation">First Isolation:</th> <td>Antonio de Ulloa (1735)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="safety" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab4"> <h2>Health, Safety & Transportation Information for Platinum</h2> <p>Platinum is not toxic in its elemental form; however, safety data for Platinum and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the Products tab. The below information applies to elemental (metallic) Platinum.</p> <table class="safety-table"> <thead> <tr> <th colspan="2" id="safety-data">Safety Data</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#signalword">Signal Word </a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#hazardstatements">Hazard Statements </a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hazard-codes.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#hazardcodes">Hazard Codes</a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#riskcodes">Risk Codes </a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#safetyprecautions">Safety Precautions </a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#rtecs">RTECS Number </a></th> <td>TP2160000</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#transportation">Transport Information</a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/safety-information.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en#wgk">WGK Germany</a></th> <td>nwg</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/hazard-codes.html?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en">Globally Harmonized System of <br> Classification and Labelling (GHS) </a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion4"> <div class="panel panel-products"> <div class="panel-heading panel-heading-sds activate-panel active-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sds"> <span class="panel-title">Review and Print SDS for Platinum Metal</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span> </div> <div id="sds" class="panel-body collapse in row"> <div class="view view-sds-pane view-id-sds_pane view-display-id-block sds-content view-dom-id-13118f4a6cef89ce6509ca89fabb462f"> <div class="view-header"> <div class="link-container"><span class="print_pdf"><a href="https://www-americanelements-com.translate.goog/printpdf/platinum-metal-7440-06-4/sds?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=en" title="Display a PDF version of this page." class="print-pdf" rel="nofollow">Create Printable PDF</a></span> </div> <h2 class="centered">SAFETY DATA SHEET</h2> <div id="sds-date"> <div> <strong>Date Created:</strong> 05/15/2015 </div> <div> <strong>Date Revised:</strong> 05/15/2015 </div> </div> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div> <hr> <h3>SECTION 1. IDENTIFICATION</h3> <p><strong>Product Name:</strong> Platinum Metal</p> <p><strong>Product Number:</strong> All applicable American Elements product codes, e.g. PT-M-02, PT-M-03, PT-M-04, PT-M-05</p> <p><strong>CAS #:</strong> 7440-06-4</p> <p><strong>Relevant identified uses of the substance: </strong> Scientific research and development</p> <p>Supplier details:<br> American Elements<br> 1093 Broxton Ave. Suite 2000<br> Los Angeles, CA 90024<br> Tel: +1 310-208-0551<br> Fax: +1 310-208-0351<br><br> Emergency telephone number:<br> Domestic, North America +1 800-424-9300<br> International +1 703-527-3887</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION</h3> <p>Classification of the substance or mixture<br> Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008<br> The substance is not classified as hazardous to health or the environment according to the CLP regulation.<br> Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC or Directive 1999/45/EC<br> Not applicable<br> Information concerning particular hazards for human and environment:<br> No information known.<br> Hazards not otherwise classified<br> No information known.<br> Label elements<br> Labelling according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008<br> Not applicable<br> Hazard pictograms<br> Not applicable<br> Signal word<br> Not applicable<br> Hazard statements<br> Not applicable<br> WHMIS classification<br> Not controlled<br> Classification system<br> HMIS ratings (scale 0-4)<br> (Hazardous Materials Identification System)<br> HEALTH<br> FIRE<br> REACTIVITY<br> 0 <br> 0 <br> 0 <br> Health (acute effects) = 0<br> Flammability = 0<br> Physical Hazard = 0<br> Other hazards<br> Results of PBT and vPvB assessment<br> PBT:<br> Not applicable.<br> vPvB:<br> Not applicable.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS</h3> <p>Chemical characterization: Substances<br> CAS# Description:<br> 7440-06-4 Platinum<br> Identification number(s):<br> EC number:<br> 231-116-1</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 4. FIRST AID MEASURES</h3> <p>Description of first aid measures<br> General information<br> No special measures required.<br> After inhalation<br> Seek medical treatment in case of complaints.<br> After skin contact<br> Generally the product does not irritate the skin.<br> After eye contact<br> Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. If symptoms persist, consult a doctor.<br> After swallowing<br> If symptoms persist consult doctor.<br> Information for doctor<br> Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed<br> No further relevant information available.<br> Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed<br> No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 5. FIREFIGHTING MEASURES</h3> <p>Extinguishing media<br> Suitable extinguishing agents<br> Special powder for metal fires. Do not use water.<br> For safety reasons unsuitable extinguishing agents<br> Water<br> Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture<br> If this product is involved in a fire, the following can be released:<br> Platinum oxide<br> Advice for firefighters<br> Protective equipment:<br> No special measures required.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES</h3> <p>Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures<br> Not required.<br> Environmental precautions:<br> Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.<br> Do not allow product to reach sewage system or any water course.<br> Do not allow to penetrate the ground/soil.<br> Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:<br> Pick up mechanically.<br> Prevention of secondary hazards:<br> No special measures required.<br> Reference to other sections<br> See Section 7 for information on safe handling<br> See Section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.<br> See Section 13 for disposal information.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE</h3> <p>Handling<br> Precautions for safe handling<br> Keep container tightly sealed.<br> Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.<br> Information about protection against explosions and fires:<br> No special measures required.<br> Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities<br> Storage<br> Requirements to be met by storerooms and receptacles:<br> No special requirements.<br> Information about storage in one common storage facility:<br> Not required.<br> Further information about storage conditions:<br> Keep container tightly sealed.<br> Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.<br> Specific end use(s)<br> No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION</h3> <p>Additional information about design of technical systems:<br> No further data; see section 7.<br> Control parameters<br> Components with limit values that require monitoring at the workplace:<br> 7440-06-4 Platinum (100.0%)<br> PEL (USA) Long-term value: 0.002 mg/m³<br> soluble salts, as Pt<br> REL (USA) Long-term value: 1* 0.002** mg/m³<br> *Metal **soluble salts, as Pt<br> TLV (USA) Long-term value: 1* 0.002** mg/m³<br> *metal **soluble salts, as Pt<br> EL (Canada) Long-term value: 1* 0.002** mg/m³<br> *metal;**soluble salts (as Pt): S<br> EV (Canada) Long-term value: 1* 0.002** mg/m³<br> *metal;**water-soluble compounds (as Pt)<br> Additional information:<br> No data<br> Exposure controls<br> Personal protective equipment<br> General protective and hygienic measures<br> The usual precautionary measures for handling chemicals should be followed.<br> Maintain an ergonomically appropriate working environment.<br> Breathing equipment:<br> Not required.<br> Protection of hands:<br> Not required.<br> Penetration time of glove material (in minutes)<br> Not determined<br> Eye protection:<br> Safety glasses<br> Body protection:<br> Protective work clothing.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES</h3> <p>Information on basic physical and chemical properties<br> General Information<br> Appearance:<br> Form: Solid in various forms<br> Color: Silvery-white<br> Odor: Odorless<br> Odor threshold: Not determined.<br> pH-value: Not applicable.<br> Change in condition<br> Melting point/Melting range: 1768.4 °C (3215 °F)<br> Boiling point/Boiling range: 3825 °C (6917 °F)<br> Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined<br> Flammability (solid, gaseous)<br> Not determined.<br> Ignition temperature: Not determined<br> Decomposition temperature: Not determined<br> Auto igniting: Not determined.<br> Danger of explosion: Product does not present an explosion hazard.<br> Explosion limits:<br> Lower: Not determined<br> Upper: Not determined<br> Vapor pressure: Not applicable.<br> Density at 20 °C (68 °F): 21.45 g/cm³ (179 lbs/gal)<br> Relative density<br> Not determined.<br> Vapor density<br> Not applicable.<br> Evaporation rate<br> Not applicable.<br> Solubility in / Miscibility with Water: Not determined<br> Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not determined.<br> Viscosity:<br> dynamic: Not applicable.<br> kinematic: Not applicable.<br> Other information<br> No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY</h3> <p>Reactivity<br> No information known.<br> Chemical stability<br> Stable under recommended storage conditions.<br> Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:<br> Decomposition will not occur if used and stored according to specifications.<br> Possibility of hazardous reactions<br> No dangerous reactions known<br> Conditions to avoid<br> No further relevant information available.<br> Incompatible materials:<br> No information known.<br> Hazardous decomposition products:<br> Platinum oxide</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION</h3> <p>Information on toxicological effects<br> Acute toxicity:<br> The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains acute toxicity data for this substance.<br> LD/LC50 values that are relevant for classification:<br> No data<br> Skin irritation or corrosion:<br> Generally the product does not irritate the skin.<br> Eye irritation or corrosion:<br> No irritant effect.<br> Sensitization:<br> No sensitizing effects known.<br> Germ cell mutagenicity:<br> No effects known.<br> Carcinogenicity:<br> No classification data on carcinogenic properties of this material is available from the EPA, IARC, NTP, OSHA or ACGIH.<br> The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains tumorigenic and/or carcinogenic and/or neoplastic data for this substance.<br> Reproductive toxicity:<br> No effects known.<br> Specific target organ system toxicity - repeated exposure:<br> No effects known.<br> Specific target organ system toxicity - single exposure:<br> No effects known.<br> Aspiration hazard:<br> No effects known.<br> Subacute to chronic toxicity:<br> The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains multiple dose toxicity<br> data for this substance.<br> Additional toxicological information:<br> To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION</h3> <p>Toxicity<br> Aquatic toxicity:<br> No further relevant information available.<br> Persistence and degradability<br> No further relevant information available.<br> Bioaccumulative potential<br> No further relevant information available.<br> Mobility in soil<br> No further relevant information available.<br> Additional ecological information:<br> General notes:<br> Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.<br> Do not allow undiluted product or large quantities to reach ground water, water course or sewage system.<br> Avoid transfer into the environment.<br> Results of PBT and vPvB assessment<br> PBT:<br> Not applicable.<br> vPvB:<br> Not applicable.<br> Other adverse effects<br> No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS</h3> <p>Waste treatment methods<br> Recommendation<br> Consult state, local or national regulations to ensure proper disposal.<br> Uncleaned packagings:<br> Recommendation:<br> Disposal must be made according to official regulations.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION</h3> <p>UN-Number<br> DOT, ADN, IMDG, IATA<br> Not applicable<br> UN proper shipping name<br> DOT, ADN, IMDG, IATA<br> Not applicable<br> Transport hazard class(es)<br> DOT, ADR, ADN, IMDG, IATA<br> Class<br> Not applicable<br> Packing group<br> DOT, IMDG, IATA<br> Not applicable<br> Environmental hazards: Not applicable.<br> Special precautions for user<br> Not applicable.<br> Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL73/78 and the IBC Code<br> Not applicable.<br> Transport/Additional information: DOT<br> Marine Pollutant (DOT): No</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION</h3> <p>Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture<br> National regulations<br> All components of this product are listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical substance Inventory.<br> All components of this product are listed on the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL).<br> SARA Section 313 (specific toxic chemical listings)<br> Substance is not listed.<br> California Proposition 65<br> Prop 65 - Chemicals known to cause cancer<br> Substance is not listed.<br> Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity<br> Substance is not listed.<br> Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, female<br> Substance is not listed.<br> Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, male<br> Substance is not listed.<br> Information about limitation of use:<br> For use only by technically qualified individuals.<br> Other regulations, limitations and prohibitive regulations<br> Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) according to the REACH Regulations (EC) No. 1907/2006.<br> Substance is not listed.<br> The conditions of restrictions according to Article 67 and Annex XVII of the Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) for the manufacturing, placing on the market and use must be observed.<br> Substance is not listed.<br> Annex XIV of the REACH Regulations (requiring Authorisation for use)<br> Substance is not listed.<br> REACH - Pre-registered substances<br> Substance is listed.<br> Chemical safety assessment:<br> A Chemical Safety Assessment has not been carried out.</p> <hr> <h3>16. OTHER INFORMATION</h3> <p>Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH). The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. American Elements shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. See reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional terms and conditions of sale. COPYRIGHT 1997-2016 AMERICAN ELEMENTS. LICENSED GRANTED TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAPER COPIES FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="isotopes" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab5"> <h2>Platinum Isotopes</h2> <p>Natural platinum (Pt) has five stable isotopes (<sup>192</sup>Pt, <sup>194</sup>Pt, <sup>195</sup>Pt, <sup>196</sup>Pt, <sup>198</sup>Pt) and one radioisotope with a very long half life (<sup>190</sup>Pt).</p> <table class="isotopes-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" id="nuclide">Nuclide</th> <th scope="col" id="mass">Isotopic Mass</th> <th scope="col" id="half-life">Half-Life</th> <th scope="col" id="decay">Mode of Decay</th> <th scope="col" id="nuclear-spin">Nuclear Spin</th> <th scope="col" id="magnetic-moment">Magnetic Moment</th> <th scope="col" id="binding-energy">Binding Energy (MeV)</th> <th scope="col" id="natural-abundance">Natural Abundance<br> (% by atom)</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>166</sup>Pt</th> <td>165.99486(54)#</td> <td>300(100) µs</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1262.86</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>167</sup>Pt</th> <td>166.99298(44)#</td> <td>700(200) µs</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>7/2-#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1270.94</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>168</sup>Pt</th> <td>167.98815(22)</td> <td>2.00(18) ms</td> <td>a to <sup>164</sup>Os; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>168</sup>Ir</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1288.33</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>169</sup>Pt</th> <td>168.98672(22)#</td> <td>3.7(15) ms</td> <td>a to <sup>165</sup>Os; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>169</sup>Ir</td> <td>3/2-#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1296.41</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>170</sup>Pt</th> <td>169.982495(20)</td> <td>14.0(2) ms</td> <td>a to <sup>166</sup>Os; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>170</sup>Ir</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1304.49</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>171</sup>Pt</th> <td>170.98124(9)</td> <td>51(2) ms</td> <td>a to <sup>167</sup>Os; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>171</sup>Ir</td> <td>3/2-#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1312.57</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>172</sup>Pt</th> <td>171.977347(14)</td> <td>98.4(24) ms</td> <td>a to <sup>168</sup>Os; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>172</sup>Ir</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1329.97</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>173</sup>Pt</th> <td>172.97644(6)</td> <td>365(7) ms</td> <td>a to <sup>169</sup>Os; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>173</sup>Ir</td> <td>5/2-#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1338.04</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>174</sup>Pt</th> <td>173.972819(13)</td> <td>0.889(17) s</td> <td>a to <sup>170</sup>Os; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>174</sup>Ir</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1346.12</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>175</sup>Pt</th> <td>174.972421(20)</td> <td>2.53(6) s</td> <td>a to <sup>171</sup>Os; ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>175</sup>Ir</td> <td>5/2-#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1354.2</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>176</sup>Pt</th> <td>175.968945(15)</td> <td>6.33(15) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>176</sup>Ir; a to <sup>172</sup>Os</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1371.6</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>177</sup>Pt</th> <td>176.968469(16)</td> <td>10.6(4) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>177</sup>Ir; a to <sup>173</sup>Os</td> <td>5/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1379.68</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>178</sup>Pt</th> <td>177.965649(12)</td> <td>21.1(6) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>178</sup>Ir; a to <sup>174</sup>Os</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1387.75</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>179</sup>Pt</th> <td>178.965363(10)</td> <td>21.2(4) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>179</sup>Ir; a to <sup>175</sup>Os</td> <td>1/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1395.83</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>180</sup>Pt</th> <td>179.963031(12)</td> <td>56(2) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>180</sup>Ir; a to <sup>176</sup>Os</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1403.91</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>181</sup>Pt</th> <td>180.963097(16)</td> <td>52.0(22) s</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>181</sup>Ir; a to <sup>177</sup>Os</td> <td>1/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1411.99</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>182</sup>Pt</th> <td>181.961171(17)</td> <td>2.2(1) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>182</sup>Ir; a to <sup>178</sup>Os</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1420.07</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>183</sup>Pt</th> <td>182.961597(17)</td> <td>6.5(10) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>183</sup>Ir; a to <sup>179</sup>Os</td> <td>1/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1428.15</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>184</sup>Pt</th> <td>183.959922(19)</td> <td>17.3(2) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>184</sup>Ir; a to <sup>180</sup>Os</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1445.54</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>185</sup>Pt</th> <td>184.96062(4)</td> <td>70.9(24) min</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>185</sup>Ir; a to <sup>181</sup>Os</td> <td>(9/2+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1444.31</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>186</sup>Pt</th> <td>185.959351(23)</td> <td>2.08(5) h</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>186</sup>Ir; a to <sup>182</sup>Os</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1461.7</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>187</sup>Pt</th> <td>186.96059(3)</td> <td>2.35(3) h</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>187</sup>Ir</td> <td>3/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1460.46</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>188</sup>Pt</th> <td>187.959395(6)</td> <td>10.2(3) d</td> <td>EC to <sup>188</sup>Ir; a to <sup>184</sup>Os</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1477.86</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>189</sup>Pt</th> <td>188.960834(12)</td> <td>10.87(12) h</td> <td>ß<sup>+</sup> to <sup>189</sup>Ir</td> <td>3/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1476.62</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>190</sup>Pt</th> <td>189.959932(6)</td> <td>6.5(3)E+11 y</td> <td>a to <sup>186</sup>Os</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1494.01</td> <td>0.014</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>191</sup>Pt</th> <td>190.961677(5)</td> <td>2.862(7) d</td> <td>EC to <sup>191</sup>Ir</td> <td>3/2-</td> <td>0.5</td> <td>1492.78</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>192</sup>Pt</th> <td>191.9610380(27)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1500.86</td> <td>0.782</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>193</sup>Pt</th> <td>192.9629874(18)</td> <td>50(6) y</td> <td>EC to <sup>193</sup>Ir</td> <td>1/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1508.93</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>194</sup>Pt</th> <td>193.9626803(9)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1517.01</td> <td>32.967</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>195</sup>Pt</th> <td>194.9647911(9)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>1/2-</td> <td>0.6095</td> <td>1525.09</td> <td>33.832</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>196</sup>Pt</th> <td>195.9649515(9)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1533.17</td> <td>25.242</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>197</sup>Pt</th> <td>196.9673402(9)</td> <td>19.8915(19) h</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>197</sup>Au</td> <td>1/2-</td> <td>0.51</td> <td>1541.25</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>198</sup>Pt</th> <td>197.967893(3)</td> <td>Observationally Stable</td> <td>-</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1549.33</td> <td>7.163</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>199</sup>Pt</th> <td>198.970593(3)</td> <td>30.80(21) min</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>199</sup>Au</td> <td>5/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1548.09</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>200</sup>Pt</th> <td>199.971441(22)</td> <td>12.5(3) h</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>200</sup>Au</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1556.17</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>201</sup>Pt</th> <td>200.97451(5)</td> <td>2.5(1) min</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>201</sup>Au</td> <td>(5/2-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1564.25</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>202</sup>Pt</th> <td>201.97574(32)#</td> <td>44(15) h</td> <td>ß<sup>-</sup> to <sup>202</sup>Au</td> <td>0+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1572.33</td> <td>-</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.americanelements.com/css/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js"></script> <script src="https://www.americanelements.com/css/slippry.min.js"></script> <div class="scrollup"> ^ </div> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $(window).scroll(function () { if ($(this).scrollTop() > 350) { $('.scrollup').fadeIn(500); 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