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elements</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: tracer elements"> <meta name="keywords" content="tracer elements"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="tracer elements"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3663</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: tracer elements</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3663</span> Estimation of Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficient Using Tracer Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Ebrahimi">K. Ebrahimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sh.%20Shahid"> Sh. Shahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mohammadi%20Ghaleni"> M. Mohammadi Ghaleni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20H.%20Omid"> M. H. Omid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The longitudinal dispersion coefficient is a crucial parameter for 1-D water quality analysis of riverine flows. So far, different types of empirical equations for estimation of the coefficient have been developed, based on various case studies. The main objective of this paper is to develop an empirical equation for estimation of the coefficient for a riverine flow. For this purpose, a set of tracer experiments was conducted, involving salt tracer, at three sections located in downstream of a lengthy canal. Tracer data were measured in three mixing lengths along the canal including; 45, 75 and 100m. According to the results, the obtained coefficients from new developed empirical equation gave an encouraging level of agreement with the theoretical values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coef%EF%AC%81cients" title="coefﬁcients">coefﬁcients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion" title=" dispersion"> dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river" title=" river"> river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracer" title=" tracer"> tracer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality" title=" water quality"> water quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31418/estimation-of-longitudinal-dispersion-coefficient-using-tracer-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3662</span> Investigation into the Optimum Hydraulic Loading Rate for Selected Filter Media Packed in a Continuous Upflow Filter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Alzeyadi">A. Alzeyadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Loffill"> E. Loffill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Alkhaddar"> R. Alkhaddar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Continuous upflow filters can combine the nutrient (nitrogen and phosphate) and suspended solid removal in one unit process. The contaminant removal could be achieved chemically or biologically; in both processes the filter removal efficiency depends on the interaction between the packed filter media and the influent. In this paper a residence time distribution (RTD) study was carried out to understand and compare the transfer behaviour of contaminants through a selected filter media packed in a laboratory-scale continuous up flow filter; the selected filter media are limestone and white dolomite. The experimental work was conducted by injecting a tracer (red drain dye tracer –RDD) into the filtration system and then measuring the tracer concentration at the outflow as a function of time; the tracer injection was applied at hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) (3.8 to 15.2 m h-1). The results were analysed according to the cumulative distribution function F(t) to estimate the residence time of the tracer molecules inside the filter media. The mean residence time (MRT) and variance σ2 are two moments of RTD that were calculated to compare the RTD characteristics of limestone with white dolomite. The results showed that the exit-age distribution of the tracer looks better at HLRs (3.8 to 7.6 m h-1) and (3.8 m h-1) for limestone and white dolomite respectively. At these HLRs the cumulative distribution function F(t) revealed that the residence time of the tracer inside the limestone was longer than in the white dolomite; whereas all the tracer took 8 minutes to leave the white dolomite at 3.8 m h-1. On the other hand, the same amount of the tracer took 10 minutes to leave the limestone at the same HLR. In conclusion, the determination of the optimal level of hydraulic loading rate, which achieved the better influent distribution over the filtration system, helps to identify the applicability of the material as filter media. Further work will be applied to examine the efficiency of the limestone and white dolomite for phosphate removal by pumping a phosphate solution into the filter at HLRs (3.8 to 7.6 m h-1). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter%20media" title="filter media">filter media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20loading%20rate" title=" hydraulic loading rate"> hydraulic loading rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residence%20time%20distribution" title=" residence time distribution"> residence time distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracer" title=" tracer "> tracer </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34275/investigation-into-the-optimum-hydraulic-loading-rate-for-selected-filter-media-packed-in-a-continuous-upflow-filter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3661</span> Electrical Performance Analysis of Single Junction Amorphous Silicon Solar (a-Si:H) Modules Using IV Tracer (PVPM)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gilbert%20Omorodion%20Osayemwenre">Gilbert Omorodion Osayemwenre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edson%20Meyer"> Edson Meyer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20T.%20Taziwa"> R. T. Taziwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The electrical analysis of single junction amorphous silicon solar modules is carried out using outdoor monitoring technique. Like crystalline silicon PV modules, the electrical characterisation and performance of single junction amorphous silicon modules are best described by its current-voltage (IV) characteristic. However, IV curve has a direct dependence on the type of PV technology and material properties used. The analysis reveals discrepancies in the modules performance parameter even though they are of similar technology. The aim of this work is to compare the electrical performance output of each module, using electrical parameters with the aid of PVPM 100040C IV tracer. These results demonstrated the relevance of standardising the performance parameter for effective degradation analysis of a-Si:H. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVPM%20100040C%20IV%20tracer" title="PVPM 100040C IV tracer">PVPM 100040C IV tracer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SolarWatt%20part" title=" SolarWatt part"> SolarWatt part</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20junction%20amorphous%20silicon%20module%20%28a-Si%3AH%29" title=" single junction amorphous silicon module (a-Si:H)"> single junction amorphous silicon module (a-Si:H)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Staebler-Wronski%20%28S-W%29%20degradation%20effect" title=" Staebler-Wronski (S-W) degradation effect"> Staebler-Wronski (S-W) degradation effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68132/electrical-performance-analysis-of-single-junction-amorphous-silicon-solar-a-sih-modules-using-iv-tracer-pvpm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3660</span> Computational Fluid Dynamics and Experimental Evaluation of Two Batch Type Electrocoagulation Stirred Tank Reactors Used in the Removal of Cr (VI) from Waste Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phanindra%20Prasad%20Thummala">Phanindra Prasad Thummala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umran%20Tezcan%20Un"> Umran Tezcan Un</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, hydrodynamics analysis of two batch type electrocoagulation stirred tank reactors, used for the electrocoagulation treatment of Cr(VI) wastewater, was carried using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of mixing characteristics on overall performance of electrocoagulation reactor. The CFD simulations were performed using ANSYS FLUENT 14.4 software. The mixing performance of each reactor was evaluated by numerically modelling tracer dispersion in each reactor configuration. The uniformity in tracer dispersion was assumed when 90% of the ratio of the maximum to minimum concentration of the tracer was realized. In parallel, experimental evaluation of both the electrocoagulation reactors for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater was also carried out. The results of CFD and experimental analysis clearly show that the reactor which can give higher uniformity in lesser time, will perform better as an electrocoagulation reactor for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stirred%20tank%20reactors" title=" stirred tank reactors"> stirred tank reactors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocoagulation" title=" electrocoagulation"> electrocoagulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cr%28VI%29%20wastewater" title=" Cr(VI) wastewater"> Cr(VI) wastewater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66779/computational-fluid-dynamics-and-experimental-evaluation-of-two-batch-type-electrocoagulation-stirred-tank-reactors-used-in-the-removal-of-cr-vi-from-waste-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66779.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3659</span> A Study of Erosion and Sedimentation Rates Based on Two Different Seasons Using CS-137 As A Tracer in the Sembrong Catchment, Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jalal%20Sharib%40Sarip">Jalal Sharib@Sarip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dainee%20nor%20Fardzila%20Ahmad%20Tugi">Dainee nor Fardzila Ahmad Tugi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Tarmizi%20Ishak">Mohd Tarmizi Ishak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Izwan%20Abdul%20Adziz">Mohd Izwan Abdul Adziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper aims to determine the rate of soil erosion and sedimentation by using Cesium-137,137Cs as a medium-term tracer in the Sembrong catchment, Malaysia, over two different study seasons. The results of the analysis show that rates of soil erosion and sedimentation for both seasons were variable. This can be clearly seen where the dry season only gives the value of the rate of soil erosion. Meanwhile, the wet season has given both soil erosion and sedimentation rate values. The dry season had rates of soil erosion between 5.09 t/ha/y to 51.03 t/ha/y. The wet season had soil erosion and sedimentation rates between 8.02 t/ha/y to 39.78 t/ha/y and -4.81 t/ha/y to - 50.81 t/ha/y, each, respectively. rubber and oil palm plantations referring to Station 17 and station 4/6, located near Semberong Lake and Sembrong River, had the highest rates of soil erosion and sedimentation at 51.03 t/ha/y and -50.81 t/ha/y, respectively. Various factors must also be taken into account, such as soil types, the total volume of rainfall received for both seasons, as well as differences in land use at the study stations. In conclusion, 137Cs as a medium-term tracer was successfully used to determine rates of soil erosion and sedimentation in two different seasons for the Sembrong catchment area. The data on soil erosion and sedimentation rates for this study will be very useful for present, and future land and water management in the Sembrong catchment area and may be compared with other similar catchments in Malaysia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20erosion" title="soil erosion">soil erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sedimentation" title=" sedimentation"> sedimentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cesium-137" title=" cesium-137"> cesium-137</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catchment%20management" title=" catchment management"> catchment management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153757/a-study-of-erosion-and-sedimentation-rates-based-on-two-different-seasons-using-cs-137-as-a-tracer-in-the-sembrong-catchment-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153757.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3658</span> Graduate Tracer Study as Basis for Career Pathing Program & Placement Test in Las Piñas City Technical-Vocational High School</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mary%20Ann%20Cristine%20R.%20Olgado">Mary Ann Cristine R. Olgado</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This tracer study aimed to track down the TVL-ICT and EIM graduates of Las Piñas City Technical-Vocational High School as they pursue their career path and incorporated the evidence-based insights from this study as the basis for informed career pathing program and the implementation of placement exams for incoming senior high school students. The researcher utilized a graduate tracer study (GTS) using a descriptive research method employing a quanti-qualitative research design to gather data on the demographic and academic profiles of the respondents, chosen career paths, and the relevance and significance of their senior high school (SHS) track/strand to their chosen career paths. Findings revealed a diverse range of career paths pursued by SHS graduates, with a majority opting for higher education. However, there was a notable mismatch between SHS tracks/strands and higher education programs, highlighting the need for improved career paths and guidance. The study also assessed the relevance of SHS education to graduates' current jobs, with mixed results indicating areas for improvement. Despite challenges, graduates generally perceived their SHS education positively, particularly in providing hands-on experiences and relevant skills. The study concluded by emphasizing the importance of aligning SHS tracks/strands with future career paths by enhancing career pathing and guidance services to better support students in making informed decisions about their careers and incorporating assessments for personal interests and aptitudes could assist students in making more informed decisions about their career paths. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=career%20pathing" title="career pathing">career pathing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EIM" title=" EIM"> EIM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graduate%20tracer%20study" title=" graduate tracer study"> graduate tracer study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title=" ICT"> ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=placement%20exam" title=" placement exam"> placement exam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TVL" title=" TVL"> TVL</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191116/graduate-tracer-study-as-basis-for-career-pathing-program-placement-test-in-las-pinas-city-technical-vocational-high-school" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">33</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3657</span> Petrology and Hydrothermal Alteration Mineral Distribution of Wells La-9D and La-10D in Aluto Geothermal Field, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dereje%20Moges%20Azbite">Dereje Moges Azbite</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laboratory analysis of igneous rocks is performed with the help of the main oxide plots. The lithology of the two wells was identified using the main oxides obtained using the XRF method. Twenty-four (24) cutting samples with different degrees of alteration were analyzed to determine and identify the rock types by plotting these well samples on special diagrams and correlating with the regional rocks. The results for the analysis of the main oxides and trace elements of 24 samples are presented. Alteration analysis in the two well samples was conducted for 21 samples from two wells for identifying clay minerals. Bulk sample analysis indicated quartz, illite & micas, calcite, cristobalite, smectite, pyrite, epidote, alunite, chlorite, wairakite, diaspore, and kaolin minerals present in both wells. Hydrothermal clay minerals such as illite, chlorite, smectite, and kaoline minerals were identified in both wells by X-ray diffraction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=igneous%20rocks" title="igneous rocks">igneous rocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=major%20oxides" title=" major oxides"> major oxides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracer%20elements" title=" tracer elements"> tracer elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRF" title=" XRF"> XRF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alteration%20minerals" title=" alteration minerals"> alteration minerals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164354/petrology-and-hydrothermal-alteration-mineral-distribution-of-wells-la-9d-and-la-10d-in-aluto-geothermal-field-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3656</span> A Benchtop Experiment to Study Changes in Tracer Distribution in the Subarachnoid Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Smruti%20Mahapatra">Smruti Mahapatra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dipankar%20Biswas"> Dipankar Biswas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Um"> Richard Um</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Meggyesy"> Michael Meggyesy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riccardo%20Serra"> Riccardo Serra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noah%20Gorelick"> Noah Gorelick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20Marra"> Steven Marra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Manbachi"> Amir Manbachi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20G.%20Luciano"> Mark G. Luciano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intracranial pressure (ICP) is profoundly regulated by the effects of cardiac pulsation and the volume of the incoming blood. Furthermore, these effects on ICP are incremented by the presence of a rigid skull that does not allow for changes in total volume during the cardiac cycle. These factors play a pivotal role in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics and distribution, with consequences that are not well understood to this date and that may have a deep effect on the Central Nervous System (CNS) functioning. We designed this study with two specific aims: (a) To study how pulsatility influences local CSF flow, and (b) To study how modulating intracranial pressure affects drug distribution throughout the SAS globally. In order to achieve these aims, we built an elaborate in-vitro model of the SAS closely mimicking the dimensions and flow rates of physiological systems. To modulate intracranial pressure, we used an intracranially implanted, cardiac-gated, volume-oscillating balloon (CADENCE device). Commercially available dye was used to visualize changes in CSF flow. We first implemented two control cases, seeing how the tracer behaves in the presence of pulsations from the brain phantom and the balloon individually. After establishing the controls, we tested 2 cases, having the brain and the balloon pulsate together in sync and out of sync. We then analyzed the distribution area using image processing software. The in-sync case produced a significant increase, 5x times, in the tracer distribution area relative to the out-of-sync case. Assuming that the tracer fluid would mimic blood flow movement, a drug introduced in the SAS with such a system in place would enhance drug distribution and increase the bioavailability of therapeutic drugs to a wider spectrum of brain tissue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood-brain%20barrier" title="blood-brain barrier">blood-brain barrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiac-gated" title=" cardiac-gated"> cardiac-gated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerebrospinal%20fluid" title=" cerebrospinal fluid"> cerebrospinal fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery" title=" drug delivery"> drug delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurosurgery" title=" neurosurgery"> neurosurgery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139079/a-benchtop-experiment-to-study-changes-in-tracer-distribution-in-the-subarachnoid-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139079.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3655</span> Petrology and Hydrothermal Alteration Mineral Distribution of Wells LA-9D and LA-10D in Aluto Geothermal Field, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dereje%20Moges%20Azbite">Dereje Moges Azbite</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laboratory analysis of igneous rocks is performed with the help of the main oxide plots. The lithology of the two wells was identified using the main oxides obtained using the XRF method. Twenty-four (24) cutting samples with different degrees of alteration were analyzed to determine and identify the rock types by plotting these well samples on special diagrams and correlating with the regional rocks. The results for the analysis of the main oxides and trace elements of 24 samples are presented. Alteration analysis in the two well samples was conducted for 21 samples from two wells for identifying clay minerals. Bulk sample analysis indicated quartz, illite & micas, calcite, cristobalite, smectite, pyrite, epidote, alunite, chlorite, wairakite, diaspore and kaolin minerals present in both wells. Hydrothermal clay minerals such as illite, chlorite, smectite and kaoline minerals were identified in both wells by X-ray diffraction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auto%20geothermal%20field" title="auto geothermal field">auto geothermal field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=igneous%20rocks" title=" igneous rocks"> igneous rocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=major%20oxides" title=" major oxides"> major oxides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracer%20elements" title="tracer elements">tracer elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRF" title=" XRF"> XRF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alteration%20minerals" title=" alteration minerals"> alteration minerals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142062/petrology-and-hydrothermal-alteration-mineral-distribution-of-wells-la-9d-and-la-10d-in-aluto-geothermal-field-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3654</span> Development of Vertically Integrated 2D Lake Victoria Flow Models in COMSOL Multiphysics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seema%20Paul">Seema Paul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jesper%20Oppelstrup"> Jesper Oppelstrup</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roger%20Thunvik"> Roger Thunvik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Cvetkovic"> Vladimir Cvetkovic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lake Victoria is the second largest fresh water body in the world, located in East Africa with a catchment area of 250,000 km², of which 68,800 km² is the actual lake surface. The hydrodynamic processes of the shallow (40–80 m deep) water system are unique due to its location at the equator, which makes Coriolis effects weak. The paper describes a St.Venant shallow water model of Lake Victoria developed in COMSOL Multiphysics software, a general purpose finite element tool for solving partial differential equations. Depth soundings taken in smaller parts of the lake were combined with recent more extensive data to resolve the discrepancies of the lake shore coordinates. The topography model must have continuous gradients, and Delaunay triangulation with Gaussian smoothing was used to produce the lake depth model. The model shows large-scale flow patterns, passive tracer concentration and water level variations in response to river and tracer inflow, rain and evaporation, and wind stress. Actual data of precipitation, evaporation, in- and outflows were applied in a fifty-year simulation model. It should be noted that the water balance is dominated by rain and evaporation and model simulations are validated by Matlab and COMSOL. The model conserves water volume, the celerity gradients are very small, and the volume flow is very slow and irrotational except at river mouths. Numerical experiments show that the single outflow can be modelled by a simple linear control law responding only to mean water level, except for a few instances. Experiments with tracer input in rivers show very slow dispersion of the tracer, a result of the slow mean velocities, in turn, caused by the near-balance of rain with evaporation. The numerical and hydrodynamical model can evaluate the effects of wind stress which is exerted by the wind on the lake surface that will impact on lake water level. Also, model can evaluate the effects of the expected climate change, as manifest in changes to rainfall over the catchment area of Lake Victoria in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bathymetry" title="bathymetry">bathymetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lake%20flow%20and%20steady%20state%20analysis" title=" lake flow and steady state analysis"> lake flow and steady state analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20level%20validation%20and%20concentration" title=" water level validation and concentration"> water level validation and concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20stress" title=" wind stress"> wind stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77462/development-of-vertically-integrated-2d-lake-victoria-flow-models-in-comsol-multiphysics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3653</span> Hydrodynamics of Dual Hybrid Impeller of Stirred Reactor Using Radiotracer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noraishah%20Othman">Noraishah Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20K.%20Kamarudin"> Siti K. Kamarudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norinsan%20K.%20Othman"> Norinsan K. Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20S.%20Takriff"> Mohd S. Takriff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masli%20I.%20Rosli"> Masli I. Rosli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Engku%20M.%20Fahmi"> Engku M. Fahmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mior%20A.%20Khusaini"> Mior A. Khusaini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work describes hydrodynamics of mixing characteristics of two dual hybrid impeller consisting of, radial and axial impeller using radiotracer technique. Type A mixer, a Rushton turbine is mounted above a Pitched Blade Turbine (PBT) at common shaft and Type B mixer, a Rushton turbine is mounted below PBT. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the residence time distribution (RTD) of two hybrid mixers and to represent the respective mixers by RTD model. Each type of mixer will experience five radiotracer experiments using Tc99m as source of tracer and scintillation detectors NaI(Tl) are used for tracer detection. The results showed that mixer in parallel model and mixers in series with exchange can represent the flow model in mixer A whereas only mixer in parallel model can represent Type B mixer well than other models. In conclusion, Type A impeller, Rushton impeller above PBT, reduced the presence of dead zone in the mixer significantly rather than Type B. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20impeller" title="hybrid impeller">hybrid impeller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residence%20time%20distribution%20%28RTD%29" title=" residence time distribution (RTD)"> residence time distribution (RTD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiotracer%20experiments" title=" radiotracer experiments"> radiotracer experiments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RTD%20model" title=" RTD model"> RTD model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37495/hydrodynamics-of-dual-hybrid-impeller-of-stirred-reactor-using-radiotracer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3652</span> Variation in Orbital Elements of Mars and Jupiter Due to the Sun Oblateness by Using Secular Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avaneesh%20Vaishwar">Avaneesh Vaishwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badam%20Singh%20Kushvah"> Badam Singh Kushvah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devi%20Prasad%20Mishra"> Devi Prasad Mishra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We studied the variation in orbital elements of Mars and Jupiter for a time span of 200 thousand years by using secular theory. Here we took Sun oblateness into account and considered the first two zonal gravity constants (J2 and J4) for showing the effect of Sun oblateness on the orbital elements of Mars and Jupiter. We found that in both cases (with and without Sun oblateness) the variation in orbital elements of Mars and Jupiter is periodic moreover in case of the Sun oblateness, the period of variation in orbital elements is decreasing for both the planets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lagrange%27s%20planetary%20equation" title="lagrange's planetary equation">lagrange's planetary equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orbital%20elements" title=" orbital elements"> orbital elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planetary%20system" title=" planetary system"> planetary system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secular%20theory" title=" secular theory"> secular theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83157/variation-in-orbital-elements-of-mars-and-jupiter-due-to-the-sun-oblateness-by-using-secular-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3651</span> WebGIS Development Framework With Prioritized Usability Elements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezekiel%20Mwangi">Ezekiel Mwangi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Kimani"> Stephen Kimani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agnes%20Mindila"> Agnes Mindila</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Usability is one of the key factors that determine the success or failure of any WebGIS (technology normally applied on the internet to analyze and present spatial data on the Internet). However, not all the usability attributes have the same impact on usability. It is, therefore, necessary to prioritize WebGIS usability elements and determine the ones that are more crucial to the success of the WebGIS. This research aims to identify the main elements of WebGIS usability, investigate the order of importance and priority of the usability elements of WebGIS, and propose a WebGIS development framework that incorporates the prioritization of the usability elements. This will be achieved through a literature review. The outcome of this research will help usability specialists and WebGIS developers in determining specific usability elements that should be accorded more emphasis during the design and development of WebGIS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framework" title="framework">framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prioritization" title=" prioritization"> prioritization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usability" title=" usability"> usability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WebGIS" title=" WebGIS"> WebGIS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129371/webgis-development-framework-with-prioritized-usability-elements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3650</span> The Depth Penetration of Beryllium-7, ⁷BE as a Tracer in the Sembrong Catchment Area Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Sharib">J. Sharib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20N.%20A.%20Tugi"> D. N. A. Tugi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20T.%20Ishak"> M. T. Ishak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20I.%20A.%20Adziz"> M. I. A. Adziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this research paper conducted was to study the penetration of ⁷Be onto the soil surface for two different seasons in different areas of agricultural activity. The study was conducted during the dry and wet seasons from January to May 2019 in the Sembrong catchment area. The Sembrong Catchment Area is located in the district of Kluang, Johor in the South of Peninsular Malaysia and was selected based on the small size of the catchment and surrounded by various agricultural activities. A total of twenty (20) core soil samples to a depth of 10 cm each were taken using a metal corer made of metal. All these samples were brought to the Radiochemistry and Environment Group (RAS), Nuclear Malaysia, Block 23, Bangi, Malaysia, to enable the preparation, drying and analysis work to be carried out. Furthermore, all samples were oven dried at 45 – 60 ºC so that the dry weight became constant and gently disaggregated. Lastly, dried samples were milled and sieved at 2 mm before being packed into a well-type container and ready for ⁷Be analysis. The result of the analysis shows that the penetration of ⁷Be into the soil surface decreases by an exponential decay. The distribution of profiles to the interior of the soil surface or ho values ranged from 1.56 to 3.62 kg m⁻² and from 2.59 to 4.17 kg m⁻² for both dry and wet seasons. Consequently, the dry season has given a lower ho value when compared to the wet season. In conclusion, ⁷Be is a very suitable tracer to be used in determining the penetration onto the soil surface or ho values for the two different seasons. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depth%20penetration" title="depth penetration">depth penetration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20season" title=" dry season"> dry season</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wet%20season" title=" wet season"> wet season</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sembrong%20catchment" title=" sembrong catchment"> sembrong catchment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well%20type%20container" title=" well type container"> well type container</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153606/the-depth-penetration-of-beryllium-7-7be-as-a-tracer-in-the-sembrong-catchment-area-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3649</span> Modeling of Complex Structures: Shear Wall with Openings and Stiffened Shells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Temami%20Oussama">Temami Oussama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bessais%20Lakhdar"> Bessais Lakhdar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamadi%20Djamal"> Hamadi Djamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrahmani%20Sifeddine"> Abderrahmani Sifeddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The analysis of complex structures encourages the engineer to make simplifying assumptions, sometimes attempting the analysis of the whole structure as complex as it is, and it can be done using the finite element method (FEM). In the modeling of complex structures by finite elements, various elements can be used: beam element, membrane element, solid element, plates and shells elements. These elements formulated according to the classical formulation and do not generally share the same nodal degrees of freedom, which complicates the development of a compatible model. The compatibility of the elements with each other is often a difficult problem for modeling complicated structure. This compatibility is necessary to ensure the convergence. To overcome this problem, we have proposed finite elements with a rotational degree of freedom. The study used is based on the strain approach formulation with 2D and 3D formulation with different degrees of freedom at each node. For the comparison and confrontation of results; the finite elements available in ABAQUS/Standard are used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compatibility%20requirement" title="compatibility requirement">compatibility requirement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20structures" title=" complex structures"> complex structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20elements" title=" finite elements"> finite elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20approach" title=" strain approach"> strain approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34144/modeling-of-complex-structures-shear-wall-with-openings-and-stiffened-shells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3648</span> Modelling of Structures by Advanced Finites Elements Based on the Strain Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sifeddine%20Abderrahmani">Sifeddine Abderrahmani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonia%20Bouafia"> Sonia Bouafia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The finite element method is the most practical tool for the analysis of structures, whatever the geometrical shape and behavior. It is extensively used in many high-tech industries, such as civil or military engineering, for the modeling of bridges, motor bodies, fuselages, and airplane wings. Additionally, experience demonstrates that engineers like modeling their structures using the most basic finite elements. Numerous models of finite elements may be utilized in the numerical analysis depending on the interpolation field that is selected, and it is generally known that convergence to the proper value will occur considerably more quickly with a good displacement pattern than with a poor pattern, saving computation time. The method for creating finite elements using the strain approach (S.B.A.) is presented in this presentation. When the results are compared with those provided by equivalent displacement-based elements, having the same total number of degrees of freedom, an excellent convergence can be obtained through some application and validation tests using recently developed membrane elements, plate bending elements, and flat shell elements. The effectiveness and performance of the strain-based finite elements in modeling structures are proven by the findings for deflections and stresses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20elements" title="finite elements">finite elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate%20bending" title=" plate bending"> plate bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20approach" title=" strain approach"> strain approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement%20formulation" title=" displacement formulation"> displacement formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shell%20element" title=" shell element"> shell element</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157852/modelling-of-structures-by-advanced-finites-elements-based-on-the-strain-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3647</span> Choice of Landscape Elements for Residents' Quality of Life Living in Apartment Housing: Case Study of Bhopal, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankita%20Srivastava">Ankita Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yogesh%20K.%20Garg"> Yogesh K. Garg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Housing provides comforts and well being leading towards the quality of life. Earlier research had established that landscape elements enhance the residents’ quality of life through its significant experiences occur due to their presence in the housing. This paper tries to identify the preference of landscape elements that enhance residents’ quality of life living in the apartment. Hence, landscape elements that can be planned in the open spaces of housing and quality of life components were identified from the secondary data sources. Experts’ were asked to identify the quality of life components with respect to landscape elements. A questionnaire survey of residents’ living in the apartment housing in Bhopal, India was conducted. The statistical analysis of survey data facilitated to explore the preference of landscape elements for the quality of life in the apartment housing. The final ranking compiled from the experts’ opinion, residents’ perception as well as factor analysis results to have an insight of the preference of landscape elements for the quality of life living in the apartment. Preference of landscape elements present in the paper may provide an overview of planning for apartment housing that may be used by architects, planners and developers for enhancing residents’ quality of life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20elements" title="landscape elements">landscape elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residents" title=" residents"> residents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing" title=" housing"> housing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85790/choice-of-landscape-elements-for-residents-quality-of-life-living-in-apartment-housing-case-study-of-bhopal-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3646</span> Existence of Rational Primitive Normal Pairs with Prescribed Norm and Trace</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soniya%20Takshak">Soniya Takshak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20K.%20Sharma"> R. K. Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Let q and n be positive integers, then Fᵩ denotes the finite field of q elements, and Fqn denotes the extension of Fᵩ of degree n. Also, Fᵩ* represents the multiplicative group of non-zero elements of Fᵩ, and the generators of Fᵩ* are called primitive elements. A normal element α of a finite field Fᵩⁿ is such that {α, αᵠ, . . . , αᵠⁿ⁻¹} forms a basis for Fᵩⁿ over Fᵩ. Primitive normal elements have several applications in coding theory and cryptography. So, establishing the existence of primitive normal elements under certain conditions is both theoretically important and a natural issue. In this article, we provide a sufficient condition for the existence of a primitive normal element α in Fᵩⁿ of a prescribed primitive norm and non-zero trace over Fᵩ such that f(α) is also primitive, where f(x) ∈ Fᵩⁿ(x) is a rational function of degree sum m. Particularly, we investigated the rational functions of degree sum 4 over Fᵩⁿ, where q = 11ᵏ and demonstrated that there are only 3 exceptional pairs (q, n), n ≥ 7 for which such kind of primitive normal elements may not exist. In general, we show that such elements always exist except for finitely many choices of (q, n). To arrive to our conclusion, we used additive and multiplicative character sums. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20field" title="finite field">finite field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primitive%20element" title=" primitive element"> primitive element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20element" title=" normal element"> normal element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=norm" title=" norm"> norm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trace" title=" trace"> trace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=character" title=" character"> character</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149587/existence-of-rational-primitive-normal-pairs-with-prescribed-norm-and-trace" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149587.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3645</span> CFD Simulation of Spacer Effect on Turbulent Mixing Phenomena in Sub Channels of Boiling Nuclear Assemblies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashi%20Kant%20Verma">Shashi Kant Verma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20L.%20Sinha"> S. L. Sinha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20K.%20Chandraker"> D. K. Chandraker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical simulations of selected subchannel tracer (Potassium Nitrate) based experiments have been performed to study the capabilities of state-of-the-art of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methodology can be useful for investigating the spacer effect on turbulent mixing to predict turbulent flow behavior such as Dimensionless mixing scalar distributions, radial velocity and vortices in the nuclear fuel assembly. A Gibson and Launder (GL) Reynolds stress model (RSM) has been selected as the primary turbulence model to be applied for the simulation case as it has been previously found reasonably accurate to predict flows inside rod bundles. As a comparison, the case is also simulated using a standard k-ε turbulence model that is widely used in industry. Despite being an isotropic turbulence model, it has also been used in the modeling of flow in rod bundles and to produce lateral velocities after thorough mixing of coolant fairly. Both these models have been solved numerically to find out fully developed isothermal turbulent flow in a 30º segment of a 54-rod bundle. Numerical simulation has been carried out for the study of natural mixing of a Tracer (Passive scalar) to characterize the growth of turbulent diffusion in an injected sub-channel and, afterwards on, cross-mixing between adjacent sub-channels. The mixing with water has been numerically studied by means of steady state CFD simulations with the commercial code STAR-CCM+. Flow enters into the computational domain through the mass inflow at the three subchannel faces. Turbulence intensity and hydraulic diameter of 1% and 5.9 mm respectively were used for the inlet. A passive scalar (Potassium nitrate) is injected through the mass fraction of 5.536 PPM at subchannel 2 (Upstream of the mixing section). Flow exited the domain through the pressure outlet boundary (0 Pa), and the reference pressure was 1 atm. Simulation results have been extracted at different locations of the mixing zone and downstream zone. The local mass fraction shows uniform mixing. The effect of the applied turbulence model is nearly negligible just before the outlet plane because the distributions look like almost identical and the flow is fully developed. On the other hand, quantitatively the dimensionless mixing scalar distributions change noticeably, which is visible in the different scale of the colour bars. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-phase%20flow" title="single-phase flow">single-phase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20mixing" title=" turbulent mixing"> turbulent mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracer" title=" tracer"> tracer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub%20channel%20analysis" title=" sub channel analysis"> sub channel analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78662/cfd-simulation-of-spacer-effect-on-turbulent-mixing-phenomena-in-sub-channels-of-boiling-nuclear-assemblies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3644</span> Exploring Weld Rejection Rate Limits and Tracers Effects in Construction Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdalaziz%20M.%20Alsalhabi">Abdalaziz M. Alsalhabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loai%20M.%20Alowa"> Loai M. Alowa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates Weld Rejection Rate (WRR) limits and tracer effects in construction projects, with a specific focus on a Gas Plant Project, a mega-project held by Saudi Aramco (SA) in Saudi Arabia. The study included a comprehensive examination of various factors impacting WRR limits. It commenced by comparing the Company practices with ASME standards, followed by an in-depth analysis of both weekly and cumulative projects' historical WRR data, evaluation of Radiographic Testing (RT) reports for rejected welds, and proposal of mitigation methods to eliminate future rejections. Additionally, the study revealed the causes of fluctuation in WRR data and benchmarked with the industry practices. Furthermore, a case study was conducted to explore the impact of tracers on WRR, providing insights into their influence on the welding process. This paper aims to achieve three primary objectives. Firstly, it seeks to validate the existing practices of WRR limits and advocate for their inclusion within relevant International Industry Standards. Secondly, it aims to validate the effectiveness of the WRR formula that incorporates tracer effects, ensuring its reliability in assessing weld quality. Lastly, this study aims to identify opportunities for process improvement in WRR control, with the ultimate goal of enhancing project processes and ensuring the integrity, safety, and efficiency of constructed assets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weld%20rejection%20rate" title="weld rejection rate">weld rejection rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weld%20repair%20rate%20in%20joint%20and%20linear%20basis" title=" weld repair rate in joint and linear basis"> weld repair rate in joint and linear basis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracers%20effects" title=" tracers effects"> tracers effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20projects" title=" construction projects"> construction projects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188423/exploring-weld-rejection-rate-limits-and-tracers-effects-in-construction-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">41</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3643</span> How Different Perceived Affordances of Game Elements Shape Motivation and Performance in Gamified Learning: A Cognitive Evaluation Theory Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kibbeum%20Na">Kibbeum Na</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Previous gamification research has produced mixed results regarding the effectiveness of gamified learning. One possible explanation for this is that individuals perceive the game elements differently. Cognitive Evaluation Theory posits that external rewards can boost or undermine intrinsic motivation, depending on whether the rewards are perceived as informational or controlling. This research tested the hypothesis that game elements can be perceived as either informational feedback or external reward, and the motivational impact differ accordingly. An experiment was conducted using an educational math puzzle to compare the motivation and performance as a result of different perceived affordances game elements. Participants were primed to perceive the game elements as either informational feedback or external reward, and the duration of an attempt to solve the unsolvable puzzle – amotivation indicator – and the puzzle score – a performance indicator–were measured with the game elements incorporated and then without the game elements. Badges and points were deployed as the main game elements. Results showed that, regardless of priming, a significant decrease in performance occurred when the game elements were removed, whereas the control group who solved non-gamified math puzzles maintained their performance. The undermined performance with gamification removal indicates that learners may perceive some game elements as controlling factors irrespective of the way they are presented. The results of the current study also imply that some game elements are better not being implemented to preserve long-term performance. Further research delving into the extrinsic reward-like nature of game elements and its impact on learning motivation is called for. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20Evaluation%20Theory" title="cognitive Evaluation Theory">cognitive Evaluation Theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game%20elements" title=" game elements"> game elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamification" title=" gamification"> gamification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivational%20affordance" title=" motivational affordance"> motivational affordance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151516/how-different-perceived-affordances-of-game-elements-shape-motivation-and-performance-in-gamified-learning-a-cognitive-evaluation-theory-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3642</span> The Role of Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) in 99mTc-HIDA with Morphine Provocation Scan for the Investigation of Type III Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction (SOD)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20M%20Hassan">Ibrahim M Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorna%20Que"> Lorna Que</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Rutland"> Michael Rutland </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Type I SOD is usually diagnosed by anatomical imaging such as ultrasound, CT and MRCP. However, the types II and III SOD yield negative results despite the presence of significant symptoms. In particular, the type III is difficult to diagnose due to the absence of significant biochemical or anatomical abnormalities. Nuclear Medicine can aid in this diagnostic dilemma by demonstrating functional changes in the bile flow. Low dose Morphine (0.04mg/Kg) stimulates the tone of the sphincter of Oddi (SO) and its usefulness has been shown in diagnosing SOD by causing a delay in bile flow when compared to a non morphine provoked - baseline scan. This work expands on that process by using sublingual GTN at 60 minutes post tracer and morphine injection to relax the SO and induce an improvement in bile outflow, and in some cases show immediate relief of morphine induced abdominal pain. The criteria for positive SOD are as follows: if during the first hour of the morphine provocation showed (1) delayed intrahepatic biliary ducts tracer accumulation; plus (2) delayed appearance but persistent retention of activity in the common bile duct, and (3) delayed bile flow into the duodenum. In addition, patients who required GTN within the first hour to relieve abdominal pain were regarded as highly supportive of the diagnosis. Retrospective analysis of 85 patients (pts) (78F and 6M) referred for suspected SOD (type III) who had been intensively investigated because of recurrent right upper quadrant or abdominal pain post cholecystectomy. 99mTc-HIDA scan with morphine-provocation is performed followed by GTN at 60 minutes post tracer injection and a further thirty minutes of dynamic imaging are acquired. 30 pts were negative. 55 pts were regarded as positive for SOD and 38/55 (60%) of these patients with an abnormal result were further evaluated with a baseline 99mTc-HIDA. As expected, all 38 pts showed better bile flow characteristics than during the morphine provocation. 20/55 (36%) patients were treated by ERCP sphincterotomy and the rest were managed conservatively by medical therapy. In all cases regarded as positive for SOD, the sublingual GTN at 60 minutes showed immediate improvement in bile flow. 11/55(20%) who developed severe post-morphine abdominal pain were relieved by GTN almost instantaneously. We propose that GTN is a useful agent in the diagnosis of SOD when performing 99mTc-HIDA scan and that the satisfactory response to the sublingual GTN could offer additional information in patients who have severe pain at the time the procedure or when presenting to the emergency unit because of biliary pain. And also in determining whether a trial of medical therapy may be used before considering surgery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GTN" title="GTN">GTN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIDA" title=" HIDA"> HIDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MORPHINE" title=" MORPHINE"> MORPHINE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOD" title=" SOD"> SOD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40286/the-role-of-glyceryl-trinitrate-gtn-in-99mtc-hida-with-morphine-provocation-scan-for-the-investigation-of-type-iii-sphincter-of-oddi-dysfunction-sod" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3641</span> Counter-Current Extraction of Fish Oil and Toxic Elements from Fish Waste Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parvaneh%20Hajeb">Parvaneh Hajeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahram%20Shakibazadeh"> Shahram Shakibazadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Zaidul%20Islam%20Sarker"> Md. Zaidul Islam Sarker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-quality fish oil for human consumption requires low levels of toxic elements. The aim of this study was to develop a method to extract oil from fish wastes with the least toxic elements contamination. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was applied to detoxify fish oils from toxic elements. The SFE unit used consisted of an intelligent HPLC pump equipped with a cooling jacket to deliver CO2. The freeze-dried fish waste sample was extracted by heating in a column oven. Under supercritical conditions, the oil dissolved in CO2 was separated from the supercritical phase using pressure reduction. The SFE parameters (pressure, temperature, CO2 flow rate, and extraction time) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to extract the highest levels of toxic elements. The results showed that toxic elements in fish oil can be reduced using supercritical CO2 at optimum pressure 40 MPa, temperature 61 ºC, CO2 flow rate 3.8 MPa, and extraction time 4.25 hr. There were significant reductions in the mercury (98.2%), cadmium (98.9%), arsenic (96%), and lead contents (99.2%) of the fish oil. The fish oil extracted using this method contained elements at levels that were much lower than the accepted limits of 0.1 μg/g. The reduction of toxic elements using the SFE method was more efficient than that of the conventional methods due to the high selectivity of supercritical CO2 for non-polar compounds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20safety" title="food safety">food safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxic%20elements" title=" toxic elements"> toxic elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20oil" title=" fish oil"> fish oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercritical%20carbon%20dioxide" title=" supercritical carbon dioxide"> supercritical carbon dioxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8379/counter-current-extraction-of-fish-oil-and-toxic-elements-from-fish-waste-using-supercritical-carbon-dioxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3640</span> Content of Trace Elements in Agricultural Soils from Central and Eastern Europe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Krustev">S. Krustev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Angelova"> V. Angelova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Ivanov"> K. Ivanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Zaprjanova"> P. Zaprjanova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Approximately a dozen trace elements are vital for the development of all plants and some other elements are significant for some species. Heavy metals do not belong to this group of elements that are essential to plants, but some of them such as copper and zinc, have a dual effect on their growth. Concentration levels of these elements in the different regions of the world vary considerably. Their high concentrations in some parts of Central and Eastern Europe cause concern for human health and degrade the quality of agricultural produce from these areas. This study aims to compare the prevalence and levels of the major trace elements in some rural areas of Central and Eastern Europe. Soil samples from different regions of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria and Greece far from large industrial centers have been studied. The main methods for their determination are the atomic spectral techniques – atomic absorption and plasma atomic emission. As a result of this study, data on microelements levels in soils of 17 points from the main grain-producing regions of Central and Eastern Europe are presented and systematized. The content of trace elements was in the range of 5.0-84.1 mg.kg⁻¹ for Cu, 0.3-1.4 mg.kg⁻¹ for Cd, 26.1-225.5 mg.kg⁻¹ for Zn, 235.5-788.6 mg.kg⁻¹ for Mn and 4.1-25.8 mg.kg⁻¹ for Pb. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trace%20elements" title="trace elements">trace elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20soils" title=" agricultural soils"> agricultural soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Central%20and%20Eastern%20Europe" title=" Central and Eastern Europe"> Central and Eastern Europe</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100081/content-of-trace-elements-in-agricultural-soils-from-central-and-eastern-europe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100081.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3639</span> A Study on Leaching of Toxic Elements of High Strength Concrete Containing Waste Cathode Ray Tube Glass as Coarse Aggregate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Noraziemah%20Mohd%20Pauzi">Nurul Noraziemah Mohd Pauzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Fauzi%20Mohd%20Zain"> Muhammad Fauzi Mohd Zain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rapid advance in the electronic industry has led to the increase amount of the waste cathode ray tube (CRT) devices. The management of CRT waste upon disposal haves become a major issue of environmental concern as it contains toxic elements (i.e. lead, barium, zinc, etc.) which has a risk of leaching if it is not managed appropriately. Past studies have reported regarding the possible use of CRT glass as a part of aggregate in concrete production. However, incorporating waste CRT glass may present an environmental risk via leachability of toxic elements. Accordingly, the preventive measures for reducing the risk was proposed. The current work presented the experimental results regarding potential leaching of toxic elements from four types of concrete mixed, each compromising waste CRT glass as coarse aggregate with different shape and properties. Concentrations of detected elements are measure in the leachates by using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results indicate that the concentration of detected elements were found to be below applicable risk, despite the higher content of toxic elements in CRT glass. Therefore, the used of waste CRT glass as coarse aggregate in hardened concrete does not pose any risk of leachate of heavy metals to the environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20CRT%20glass" title="recycled CRT glass">recycled CRT glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coarse%20aggregate" title=" coarse aggregate"> coarse aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20properties" title=" physical properties"> physical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaching" title=" leaching"> leaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxic%20elements" title=" toxic elements"> toxic elements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71438/a-study-on-leaching-of-toxic-elements-of-high-strength-concrete-containing-waste-cathode-ray-tube-glass-as-coarse-aggregate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3638</span> Genetic Analysis of Iron, Phosphorus, Potassium and Zinc Concentration in Peanut</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20B.%20C.">Ajay B. C.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meena%20H.%20N."> Meena H. N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dagla%20M.%20C."> Dagla M. C.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narendra%20Kumar"> Narendra Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makwana%20%20A.%20D."> Makwana A. D.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bera%20S.%20K."> Bera S. K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalariya%20K.%20A."> Kalariya K. A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Singh%20A.%20L."> Singh A. L.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The high-energy value, protein content and minerals makes peanut a rich source of nutrition at comparatively low cost. Basic information on genetics and inheritance of these mineral elements is very scarce. Hence, in the present study inheritance (using additive-dominance model) and association of mineral elements was studied in two peanut crosses. Dominance variance (H) played an important role in the inheritance of P, K, Fe and Zn in peanut pods. Average degree of dominance for most of the traits was greater than unity indicating over dominance for these traits. Significant associations were also observed among mineral elements both in F2 and F3 generations but pod yield had no associations with mineral elements (with few exceptions). Di-allele/bi-parental mating could be followed to identify high yielding and mineral dense segregates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation" title="correlation">correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dominance%20variance" title=" dominance variance"> dominance variance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20elements" title=" mineral elements"> mineral elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peanut" title=" peanut"> peanut</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14731/genetic-analysis-of-iron-phosphorus-potassium-and-zinc-concentration-in-peanut" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3637</span> Chemical Treatment of Wastewater through Biosorption for the Removal of Toxic Metals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shafiq%20Alam">Shafiq Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manjunathan%20Ulaganathan"> Manjunathan Ulaganathan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water/wastewater often contains heavy/toxic metals, such as lead, copper, zinc and arsenic as well as harmful elements, such as antimony, selenium and fluoride. It may also contains radioactive elements, such as cesium and strontium. If they are not removed from water/wastewater then the environment and human health can be negatively impacted. Extensive research has been carried out to remove such harmful metals/elements from water/wastewater through biosorption using biomaterials (bioadsorbents). This presentation will give an overview of the research on preparation of bioadsorbents from biomass wastes and their use for the removal of harmful metals/elements from aqueous media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosorption" title="biosorption">biosorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental" title=" environmental"> environmental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxic%20metals" title=" toxic metals"> toxic metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73865/chemical-treatment-of-wastewater-through-biosorption-for-the-removal-of-toxic-metals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3636</span> Efficiency of the Strain Based Approach Formulation for Plate Bending Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djamal%20Hamadi">Djamal Hamadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sifeddine%20Abderrahmani"> Sifeddine Abderrahmani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toufik%20Maalem"> Toufik Maalem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oussama%20Temami"> Oussama Temami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years many finite elements have been developed for plate bending analysis. The formulated elements are based on the strain based approach. This approach leads to the representation of the displacements by higher order polynomial terms without the need for the introduction of additional internal and unnecessary degrees of freedom. Good convergence can also be obtained when the results are compared with those obtained from the corresponding displacement based elements, having the same total number of degrees of freedom. Furthermore, the plate bending elements are free from any shear locking since they converge to the Kirchhoff solution for thin plates contrarily for the corresponding displacement based elements. In this paper the efficiency of the strain based approach compared to well known displacement formulation is presented. The results obtained by a new formulated plate bending element based on the strain approach and Kirchhoff theory are compared with some others elements. The good convergence of the new formulated element is confirmed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement%20fields" title="displacement fields">displacement fields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20elements" title=" finite elements"> finite elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate%20bending" title=" plate bending"> plate bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kirchhoff%20theory" title=" Kirchhoff theory"> Kirchhoff theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20based%20approach" title=" strain based approach"> strain based approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10902/efficiency-of-the-strain-based-approach-formulation-for-plate-bending-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3635</span> E-Bike FE Model Analysis: Connection Stiffness of Elements with Different DOFs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lele%20Zhang">Lele Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Leng%20Choo"> Hui Leng Choo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Konyukhov"> Alexander Konyukhov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuguang%20Li"> Shuguang Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Finite Element (FE) model of simplified e-bike structure was generated by main frame with two tiers, which consisted of pipe, mass, beam, and shell elements (pipe 289, beam188, shell 181, shell 281, combin14, link11, mass21). These elements would be introduced and demonstrated using mathematical formulas. Based on coupling theory, constrain equations was proposed. Exporting all the parameters obtained from theory part, the connection stiffness matrix of the whole e-bike structure between each of these elements was detected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupling%20theory" title="coupling theory">coupling theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffness%20matrix" title=" stiffness matrix"> stiffness matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-bike" title=" e-bike"> e-bike</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20model" title=" finite element model"> finite element model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30316/e-bike-fe-model-analysis-connection-stiffness-of-elements-with-different-dofs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30316.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3634</span> Study of Adsorption Isotherm Models on Rare Earth Elements Biosorption for Separation Purposes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nice%20Vasconcelos%20Coimbra">Nice Vasconcelos Coimbra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F%C3%A1bio%20dos%20Santos%20Gon%C3%A7alves"> Fábio dos Santos Gonçalves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marisa%20Nascimento"> Marisa Nascimento</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ellen%20Cristine%20Giese"> Ellen Cristine Giese</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of chemical routes for the recovery and separation of rare earth elements (REE) is seen as a priority and strategic action by several countries demanding these elements. Among the possibilities of alternative routes, the biosorption process has been evaluated in our laboratory. In this theme, the present work attempts to assess and fit the solution equilibrium data in Langmuir, Freundlich and DKR isothermal models, based on the biosorption results of the lanthanum and samarium elements by <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> immobilized on calcium alginate gel. It was observed that the preference of adsorption of REE by the immobilized biomass followed the order Sm (III)> La (III). It can be concluded that among the studied isotherms models, the Langmuir model presented better mathematical results than the Freundlich and DKR models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rare%20earth%20elements" title="rare earth elements">rare earth elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosorption" title=" biosorption"> biosorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20subtilis" title=" Bacillus subtilis"> Bacillus subtilis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption%20isotherm%20models" title=" adsorption isotherm models"> adsorption isotherm models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95469/study-of-adsorption-isotherm-models-on-rare-earth-elements-biosorption-for-separation-purposes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracer%20elements&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracer%20elements&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracer%20elements&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracer%20elements&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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