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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">William H. Riker</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1920-09-22</span>)</span>September 22, 1920<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines, Iowa</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 26, 1993<span style="display:none">(1993-06-26)</span> (aged 72)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester, New York</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/DePauw_University" title="DePauw University">DePauw University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Positive_political_theory" title="Positive political theory">Positive political theory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Mary Elizabeth Lewis</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1943)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">Political science</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_University" title="Lawrence University">Lawrence University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">University of Rochester</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William Harrison Riker</b> (September 22, 1920 – June 26, 1993) was an American <a href="/wiki/Political_scientist" class="mw-redirect" title="Political scientist">political scientist</a> known for applying <a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">game theory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> to political science.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He helped establish <a href="/wiki/Rochester_school" title="Rochester school">University of Rochester</a> as a center of the <a href="/wiki/Political_science#Behavioural_revolution_and_new_institutionalism" title="Political science">behavioral revolution</a> in political science.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_H._Riker&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>William Harrison Riker was born on September 22, 1920, in <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines, Iowa</a>. He had 4 children, 2 sons and 2 daughters, with wife Mary Elizabeth.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He earned his bachelor's degree in economics at Indiana's <a href="/wiki/DePauw_University" title="DePauw University">DePauw University</a> in 1942 and received his Ph.D. at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> in 1948. While a student at DePauw, he was initiated into the <a href="/wiki/Delta_Kappa_Epsilon" title="Delta Kappa Epsilon">Delta Kappa Epsilon</a> fraternity.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before his Ph.D., Riker worked at the <a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a> (then Radio Corporation of America), where he worked as a time-and-motion analyst.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_career">Academic career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_H._Riker&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Academic career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Riker took on a professorship at <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_University" title="Lawrence University">Lawrence University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Appleton,_Wisconsin" title="Appleton, Wisconsin">Appleton, Wisconsin</a> (then Lawrence College), where he published <i><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_Political_Coalitions" title="The Theory of Political Coalitions">The Theory of Political Coalitions</a></i> (1962). In 1962, he became the chair of the Political Science Department at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">University of Rochester</a>, where he remained chair until 1977, and remained active until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Riker was elected to the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Riker founded the now-mainstream field of <a href="/wiki/Positive_political_theory" title="Positive political theory">positive political theory</a>, which introduced <a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">game theory</a> and the axiomatic method of <a href="/wiki/Social_choice_theory" title="Social choice theory">social choice theory</a> to <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Bueno_de_Mesquita" title="Bruce Bueno de Mesquita">Bruce Bueno de Mesquita</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Shepsle" title="Kenneth Shepsle">Kenneth Shepsle</a> in their memoir write that "These have proved crucial to predictive tests for political theory."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riker is also often credited with being the founder of <a href="/wiki/Rational_choice_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Rational choice theory">rational choice theory</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with his work on applying economic theory to mathematical models of politics. </p><p>Among other contributions, Riker is known for work on the theory and history of <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federalism</a> and on what he called "<a href="/wiki/Heresthetic" title="Heresthetic">heresthetic</a>"—the art of changing political outcomes without changing peoples' underlying preferences by manipulating the decision-making process, for example by changing the order in which decisions are made. In his book <i>Liberalism Against Populism</i>, he argued that the instability of majority rule, demonstrated in <a href="/wiki/Arrow%27s_impossibility_theorem" title="Arrow's impossibility theorem">Arrow's impossibility theorem</a> and the <a href="/wiki/McKelvey%E2%80%93Schofield_chaos_theorem" title="McKelvey–Schofield chaos theorem">McKelvey–Schofield chaos theorem</a>, meant that "populist" interpretations of democracy as implementing a collective will of the people were untenable. Instead, democratic leaders aimed to build disparate coalitions; a piece of successful coalition-building could cause realigning elections, in which blocs of voters swiftly changed their allegiance. </p><p>Concerning political coalition for the benefit of minorities, Riker argued that the larger the coalition, the shorter-lived it is.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his book The Theory of Political Coalitions (1962), Riker argued that in situations where there is conflict over finite resources, actors will seek to create coalitions that are large enough to ensure that they get access to the resources, but that the coalitions will not be larger than that (because the actors will not want to dilute the resources more than they have to). </p><p>The William H. Riker Prize for excellence in undergraduate teaching is awarded by the University of Rochester bi-annually in his honor. The Political Economy section of the American Political Science Association awards an annual book prize in his name as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_H._Riker&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Riker, William H. <i>Soldiers of the States: The Role of the National Guard in American Democracy</i>. Washington: <a href="/wiki/Public_Affairs_Press" title="Public Affairs Press">Public Affairs Press</a>, 1957.</li> <li>____. “The Paradox of Voting and Congressional Rules for Voting on. Amendments.” <i>American Political Science Review</i>. <i>52</i>, 1958: 349–366.</li> <li>____. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_Political_Coalitions" title="The Theory of Political Coalitions">The Theory of Political Coalitions</a></i>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1962.</li> <li>____. "Federalism: Origin, Operation, Significance". Boston: Little, Brown, 1964.</li> <li>____. "Towards a Positive Political Theory", Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1973.</li> <li>____. "Implications from the Disequilibrium of Majority Rule for the Study of Institutions," <i>American Political Science Review</i>, <i>74</i>, 1980: 432–446. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1960638">1960638</a></li> <li>____. <i>Liberalism Against Populism</i>. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1982.</li> <li>____. "The Heresthetics of Constitution-Making: The Presidency in 1787, with Comments on Determinism and Rational Choice." <i>American Political Science Review</i>, <i>78</i>, 1984: 1–16.</li> <li>____. <i>The Art of Political Manipulation</i>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.</li> <li>____. <i>The Strategy of Rhetoric</i>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_H._Riker&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duverger%27s_law" title="Duverger's law">Duverger's law</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_H._Riker&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAldrich2004" class="citation cs2">Aldrich, John (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-47828-4_28">"William H. 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M.; Bueno De Mesquita, Bruce (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.polisci.2.1.269">"The Rochester School: The Origins of Positive Political Theory"</a>. <i>Annual Review of Political Science</i>. <b>2</b>: 269–295. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.polisci.2.1.269">10.1146/annurev.polisci.2.1.269</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=The+Rochester+School%3A+The+Origins+of+Positive+Political+Theory&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=269-295&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.polisci.2.1.269&rft.aulast=Amadae&rft.aufirst=S.+M.&rft.au=Bueno+De+Mesquita%2C+Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1146%252Fannurev.polisci.2.1.269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+H.+Riker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamiani2024" class="citation journal cs1">Damiani, Gianluca (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://read.dukeupress.edu/hope/article/doi/10.1215/00182702-11158675/386151/Setting-the-Stage-for-Disciplinary-Transformations">"Setting the Stage for Disciplinary Transformations: Riker, McKenzie, and the Case of the University of Rochester"</a>. <i>History of Political Economy</i>. <b>56</b> (3): 393–416. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F00182702-11158675">10.1215/00182702-11158675</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Political+Economy&rft.atitle=Setting+the+Stage+for+Disciplinary+Transformations%3A+Riker%2C+McKenzie%2C+and+the+Case+of+the+University+of+Rochester&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=393-416&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F00182702-11158675&rft.aulast=Damiani&rft.aufirst=Gianluca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fread.dukeupress.edu%2Fhope%2Farticle%2Fdoi%2F10.1215%2F00182702-11158675%2F386151%2FSetting-the-Stage-for-Disciplinary-Transformations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+H.+Riker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAldrich2003" class="citation book cs1">Aldrich, John (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-306-47828-4_28">"William H. 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London: <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Economic_Affairs" title="Institute of Economic Affairs">Institute of Economic Affairs</a>. p. 36. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/IEA%20Public%20Choice%20web%20complete%2029.1.12.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-10-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+Choice%E2%80%94A+Primer&rft.place=London&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Institute+of+Economic+Affairs&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Eamonn+Butler&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iea.org.uk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2Ffiles%2FIEA%2520Public%2520Choice%2520web%2520complete%252029.1.12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+H.+Riker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBueno_de_MesquitaShepsle" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Bueno_de_Mesquita" title="Bruce Bueno de Mesquita">Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce</a>; Shepsle, Kenneth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/wriker.html">"William Harrison Riker"</a>. Biographical Memoirs. National Academy of Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+Harrison+Riker&rft.series=Biographical+Memoirs&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.aulast=Bueno+de+Mesquita&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.au=Shepsle%2C+Kenneth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Fhtml%2Fbiomems%2Fwriker.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+H.+Riker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoskin" class="citation web cs1">Roskin, Michael G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/political-science/Theory-of-rational-choice">"Political science"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Political+science&rft.aulast=Roskin&rft.aufirst=Michael+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fpolitical-science%2FTheory-of-rational-choice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+H.+Riker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Eamonn_Butler" title="Eamonn Butler">Eamonn Butler</a>, <i>Public Choice: A Primer</i>, London: <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Economic_Affairs" title="Institute of Economic Affairs">Institute of Economic Affairs</a>, 2012, p. 63</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_H._Riker&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/William_H._Riker" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/William H. Riker">William H. Riker</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nap.edu/read/10169/chapter/17">NAS memoir of William H. Riker</a> with discussion of his contributions</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rhetorica.net/heresthetics.htm">Heresthetics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171217074950/http://rhetorica.net/heresthetics.htm">Archived</a> 2017-12-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: an exposition of Riker's concept for structuring the world so</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516204123/http://www.rochester.edu/college/psc/news/riker.php">William H Riker Prize</a>: administered by the University of Rochester, Department of Political Science</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Political_Science_Association_presidents" title="Template:American Political Science Association presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Political_Science_Association_presidents" title="Template talk:American Political Science Association presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Political_Science_Association_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Political Science Association presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_American_Political_Science_Association" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidents of the <a href="/wiki/American_Political_Science_Association" title="American Political Science Association">American Political Science Association</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1903–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Johnson_Goodnow" title="Frank Johnson Goodnow">Frank Johnson Goodnow</a> (1903–1905)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Shaw_(journalist)" title="Albert Shaw (journalist)">Albert Shaw</a> (1905–1906)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Frederick N. Judson (1906–1907)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Bryce,_1st_Viscount_Bryce" title="James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce">James Bryce</a> (1907–1908)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A._Lawrence_Lowell" title="A. Lawrence Lowell">A. Lawrence Lowell</a> (1908–1909)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> (1909–1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simeon_E._Baldwin" title="Simeon E. Baldwin">Simeon E. Baldwin</a> (1910–1911)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bushnell_Hart" title="Albert Bushnell Hart">Albert Bushnell Hart</a> (1911–1912)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Westel_W._Willoughby" title="Westel W. Willoughby">Westel W. Willoughby</a> (1912–1913)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Bassett_Moore" title="John Bassett Moore">John Bassett Moore</a> (1913–1914)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Freund" title="Ernst Freund">Ernst Freund</a> (1914–1915)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Macy" title="Jesse Macy">Jesse Macy</a> (1915–1916)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Munroe_Smith" title="Munroe Smith">Munroe Smith</a> (1916–1918)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Jones_Ford" title="Henry Jones Ford">Henry Jones Ford</a> (1918–1919)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuel_Reinsch" title="Paul Samuel Reinsch">Paul Samuel Reinsch</a> (1919–1920)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Stanton_Rowe" title="Leo Stanton Rowe">Leo Stanton Rowe</a> (1920–1921)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Archibald_Dunning" title="William Archibald Dunning">William Archibald Dunning</a> (1921–1922)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Augustus_Garfield" title="Harry Augustus Garfield">Harry Augustus Garfield</a> (1922–1923)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Wilford_Garner" title="James Wilford Garner">James Wilford Garner</a> (1923–1924)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Merriam" title="Charles Edward Merriam">Charles Edward Merriam</a> (1924–1925)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1925–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Beard" title="Charles A. Beard">Charles A. Beard</a> (1925–1926)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_B._Munro" title="William B. Munro">William B. Munro</a> (1926–1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Jesse S. Reeves (1927–1928)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Fairlie" title="John Archibald Fairlie">John A. Fairlie</a> (1928–1929)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Benjamin F. Shambaugh (1929–1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Samuel_Corwin" title="Edward Samuel Corwin">Edward Samuel Corwin</a> (1930–1931)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_F._Willoughby" title="William F. Willoughby">William F. Willoughby</a> (1931–1932)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Isidor Loeb (1932–1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Walter J. Shepard (1933–1934)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Francis W. Coker (1934–1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_N._Holcombe" title="Arthur N. Holcombe">Arthur N. Holcombe</a> (1935–1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Thomas Reed Powell (1936–1937)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Addison_Dykstra" title="Clarence Addison Dykstra">Clarence Addison Dykstra</a> (1937–1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Charles Grove Haines (1938–1939)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Robert C. Brooks (1939–1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Austin_Ogg" title="Frederic Austin Ogg">Frederic A. Ogg</a> (1940–1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Anderson_(political_scientist)" title="William Anderson (political scientist)">William Anderson</a> (1941–1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Robert E. Cushman (1942–1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_D._White" title="Leonard D. White">Leonard D. White</a> (1943–1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">John Gaus (1944–1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_F._Dodd" title="Walter F. Dodd">Walter F. Dodd</a> (1945–1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_MacMahon" title="Arthur MacMahon">Arthur MacMahon</a> (1946–1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Henry R. Spencer (1947–1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Wright" title="Quincy Wright">Quincy Wright</a> (1948–1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_K._Pollock" title="James K. Pollock">James K. Pollock</a> (1949–1950)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Odegard" title="Peter H. Odegard">Peter H. Odegard</a> (1950–1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luther_Gulick_(social_scientist)" title="Luther Gulick (social scientist)">Luther Gulick</a> (1951–1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/E._Pendleton_Herring" title="E. Pendleton Herring">E. Pendleton Herring</a> (1952–1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a> (1953–1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Charles McKinley (1954–1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Lasswell" title="Harold Lasswell">Harold Lasswell</a> (1955–1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Eric_Schattschneider" title="Elmer Eric Schattschneider">Elmer Eric Schattschneider</a> (1956–1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/V._O._Key_Jr." title="V. O. Key Jr.">V. O. Key Jr.</a> (1957–1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">R. Taylor Cole (1958–1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Brent_Swisher" title="Carl Brent Swisher">Carl Brent Swisher</a> (1959–1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emmette_Redford" title="Emmette Redford">Emmette Redford</a> (1960–1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Charles S. Hyneman (1961–1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Joachim_Friedrich" title="Carl Joachim Friedrich">Carl Joachim Friedrich</a> (1962–1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">C. Herman Pritchett (1963–1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Truman" title="David Truman">David Truman</a> (1964–1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Almond" title="Gabriel Almond">Gabriel Almond</a> (1965–1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Dahl" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert A. Dahl">Robert A. Dahl</a> (1966–1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Merle_Fainsod" title="Merle Fainsod">Merle Fainsod</a> (1967–1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Easton" title="David Easton">David Easton</a> (1968–1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Deutsch" title="Karl Deutsch">Karl Deutsch</a> (1969–1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lane" title="Robert E. Lane">Robert E. Lane</a> (1970–1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Heinz Eulau (1971–1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Robert E. Ward (1972–1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Avery Leiserson (1973–1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._Austin_Ranney" title="J. Austin Ranney">J. Austin Ranney</a> (1974–1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_MacGregor_Burns" title="James MacGregor Burns">James MacGregor Burns</a> (1975–1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beer" title="Samuel Beer">Samuel Beer</a> (1976–1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Wahlke" title="John Wahlke">John Wahlke</a> (1977–1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Epstein" title="Leon Epstein">Leon Epstein</a> (1978–1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Miller_(political_scientist)" title="Warren Miller (political scientist)">Warren Miller</a> (1979–1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Lindblom" title="Charles E. Lindblom">Charles E. Lindblom</a> (1980–1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Martin_Lipset" title="Seymour Martin Lipset">Seymour Martin Lipset</a> (1981–1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William H. Riker</a> (1982–1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Converse" title="Philip Converse">Philip Converse</a> (1983–1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fenno" title="Richard Fenno">Richard Fenno</a> (1984–1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Wildavsky" title="Aaron Wildavsky">Aaron Wildavsky</a> (1985–1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Huntington" title="Samuel P. Huntington">Samuel P. Huntington</a> (1986–1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Waltz" title="Kenneth Waltz">Kenneth Waltz</a> (1987–1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Pye" title="Lucian Pye">Lucian Pye</a> (1988–1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judith_N._Shklar" title="Judith N. Shklar">Judith N. Shklar</a> (1989–1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_J._Lowi" title="Theodore J. Lowi">Theodore J. Lowi</a> (1990–1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Q._Wilson" title="James Q. Wilson">James Q. Wilson</a> (1991–1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Barker" title="Lucius Barker">Lucius Barker</a> (1992–1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_O._Jones" title="Charles O. Jones">Charles O. Jones</a> (1993–1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Verba" title="Sidney Verba">Sidney Verba</a> (1994–1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arend_Lijphart" title="Arend Lijphart">Arend Lijphart</a> (1995–1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Elinor Ostrom</a> (1996–1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M._Kent_Jennings" title="M. Kent Jennings">M. Kent Jennings</a> (1997–1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Holden" title="Matthew Holden">Matthew Holden</a> (1998–1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Keohane" title="Robert Keohane">Robert Keohane</a> (1999–2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jervis" title="Robert Jervis">Robert Jervis</a> (2000–2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._Putnam" title="Robert D. Putnam">Robert D. Putnam</a> (2001–2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theda_Skocpol" title="Theda Skocpol">Theda Skocpol</a> (2002–2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Susanne_Hoeber_Rudolph" title="Susanne Hoeber Rudolph">Susanne Hoeber Rudolph</a> (2003–2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Levi" title="Margaret Levi">Margaret Levi</a> (2004–2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ira_Katznelson" title="Ira Katznelson">Ira Katznelson</a> (2005–2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Axelrod_(political_scientist)" title="Robert Axelrod (political scientist)">Robert Axelrod</a> (2006–2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dianne_Pinderhughes" title="Dianne Pinderhughes">Dianne Pinderhughes</a> (2007–2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Katzenstein" title="Peter J. Katzenstein">Peter J. Katzenstein</a> (2008–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_E._Brady" title="Henry E. Brady">Henry E. Brady</a> (2009–2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carole_Pateman" title="Carole Pateman">Carole Pateman</a> (2010–2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">G. Bingham Powell (2011–2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Mansbridge" title="Jane Mansbridge">Jane Mansbridge</a> (2012–2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Aldrich_(political_scientist)" title="John Aldrich (political scientist)">John Aldrich</a> (2013–2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Rodney E. Hero (2014–2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Hochschild" title="Jennifer Hochschild">Jennifer Hochschild</a> (2015–2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_A._Lake" title="David A. Lake">David A. Lake</a> (2016–2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Thelen" title="Kathleen Thelen">Kathleen Thelen</a> (2017–2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Smith" title="Rogers Smith">Rogers Smith</a> (2018–2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paula_D._McClain" title="Paula D. McClain">Paula D. McClain</a> (2019–2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Janet_M._Box-Steffensmeier" title="Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier">Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier</a> (2020–2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ishiyama" title="John Ishiyama">John Ishiyama</a> (2021–2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Martin_(political_scientist)" title="Lisa Martin (political scientist)">Lisa Martin</a> (2022–2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mark_E._Warren" title="Mark E. Warren">Mark E. Warren</a> (2023–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326238#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326238#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326238#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/170447847">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79063763">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122841580">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122841580">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00473795">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub2016913230&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070051062">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Riker, William H., 1920-1993"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000285095&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/pm135wx749kvd1f">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810607852205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007280403505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01327163?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=218707">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/283553">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031670555">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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