ISO - Standards

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">Popular standards</a></li> <li><span class="icon "></span><a target="" href="/conformity-assessment.html"title="A set of processes that show your product, service or system meets the requirements of a standard.">Conformity assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/sdg" title="Organizations and companies looking to contribute to the SDGs will find that International Standards provide effective tools to help them rise to the challenge.">SDGs</a></li></ul> </div> </nav></div></div> </div> </section><section id="section-search" class=" section-xs no-vignette bg-transparent"> <div class="container"> <div class="row d-flex align-items-center " > <div class="col-md-12"><div class="h4"><a href="/standards-catalogue/browse-by-ics.html" title="ICS">Browse</a> or search our catalogue</div> <form class="search-lg" role="search" id="siteSearch"> <div id="autocomplete_44bd6534-59e6-4fb7-8f2a-4b4d83b97e2a"></div> </form></div></div> </div> </section> <svg class="wave-reverse" preserveAspectRatio="none" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 1440 96" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m0 96 80-5C160 85 320 75 480 64s320-21 480-21c160 0 320 10 400 16l80 5V0H0v96Z"></path></svg><section class=" bg-lightergray"> <div class="container"> <div class="row " > <div class="col-md-7"><h2>ISO standards are internationally agreed by experts</h2> <p class="lead">Think of them as a formula that describes the best way of doing something. </p> <p>It could be about making a product, managing a process, delivering a service or supplying materials – standards cover a huge range of activities.</p> <p>Standards are the distilled wisdom of people with expertise in their subject matter and who know the needs of the organizations they represent – people such as manufacturers, sellers, buyers, customers, trade associations, users or regulators.</p> <p>For instance,</p> <style type="text/css">.c-multicol {columns:2; column-gap:2em; margin-bottom:25px; } .c-multicol--250 {column-width:250px; column-gap:2em; column-rule:1px dotted #ddd; } .c-multicol li { border:0; padding:6px 0; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid; break-inside: avoid; } </style> <div class="c-multicol c-multicol--250"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><a href="/standards/popular/iso-9000-family" title="ISO 9000 family — Quality management">Quality management standards</a> to help work more efficiently and reduce product failures.</li> <li><a href="/standards/popular/iso-14000-family" title="ISO 14000 family — Environmental management">Environmental management standards</a> to help reduce environmental impacts, reduce waste and be more sustainable.</li> <li><a href="/iso-45001-occupational-health-and-safety.html" title="ISO 45001 — Occupational health and safety">Health and safety standards</a> to help reduce accidents in the workplace.</li> <li><a href="/iso-50001-energy-management.html" title="ISO 50001 — Energy management">Energy management standards</a> to help cut energy consumption.</li> <li><a href="/iso-22000-food-safety-management.html" title="ISO 22000 — Food safety management">Food safety standards</a> to help prevent food from being contaminated.</li> <li><a href="/standard/iso-iec-27000-family" title="ISO/IEC 27001 — Information security management">IT security standards</a> to help keep sensitive information secure.</li> </ul> </div> <p>Discover some of the <a href="/popular-standards.html" title="Popular standards">best-known and most widely-used standards</a>, as well as those that address recently emerged challenges affecting us all.</p></div> <div class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-1"><div class="card clearfix"> <figure class=" inCol4 fig-srcset card-img mb-0"> <a href="/zoom-in-on-standards.html" title="Zoom in on standards" aria-label="Zoom in on standards"><img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/news/media_kit/img/zoom_iso7027.jpg/thumbnails/300x300" srcset="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/news/media_kit/img/zoom_iso7027.jpg/thumbnails/300x150 300w,/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/news/media_kit/img/zoom_iso7027.jpg/thumbnails/600x300 600w,/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/news/media_kit/img/zoom_iso7027.jpg/thumbnails/900x450 900w,/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/news/media_kit/img/zoom_iso7027.jpg/thumbnails/1200x600 1200w,/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/news/media_kit/img/zoom_iso7027.jpg/thumbnails/2400x1200 2400w," sizes="(min-width:1680px) 518px,(min-width:1200px) 358px,(min-width:992px) 293px,(min-width:768px) 720px, 100vw" class="card-img-top hover-zoom" alt="Red fish in fish tank." itemprop="image"/> </a></figure> <div class="card-body"> <div class="section-head section-h4">Media kit</div> <div class="entry-content"> <h5 class="entry-name"> <a href="/zoom-in-on-standards.html" title="Zoom in on standards" >Zoom in on standards</a></h5> <div class="entry-summary"> We've created some ISO-themed backgrounds for your video calls to transport you out of your home and immerse you in the dazzling world of standards.</div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </section> <svg class="wave-reverse" preserveAspectRatio="none" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 1440 96" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m0 96 80-5C160 85 320 75 480 64s320-21 480-21c160 0 320 10 400 16l80 5V0H0v96Z"></path></svg><section class=" "> <div class="container"> <div class="row " > <div class="col-md-7"><figure class="width-100pct figure-video"> <div class="vimeo-player"> <lite-vimeo videoid="847908972" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; background: center / cover url('');"> <a href="https://vimeo.com/847908972" class="ltv-playbtn" title="Play Video"></a> </lite-vimeo> <figcaption><p>What ISO standards do for you</p> </figcaption> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-1"><blockquote class="blockquote "> <p>When things don't work as they should, it often means that standards are absent.</p> </blockquote></div></div> </div> </section> <svg class="wave" preserveAspectRatio="none" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 1440 96" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m0 96 80-5C160 85 320 75 480 64s320-21 480-21c160 0 320 10 400 16l80 5V0H0v96Z"></path></svg><section class=" no-vignette bg-brand-mid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row " > <div class="col-md-4"><div class="clearfix"> <div class="h4"> <a href="/standard/62085.html"><span class="entry-name">ISO 9001:2015</span></a><div class="entry-title">Quality management systems</div></div> <div class="entry-description">ISO 9001 is the world's best-known quality management standard for companies and organizations of any size. </div> </div></div> <div class="col-md-4"><div class="clearfix"> <div class="h4"> <a href="/standard/27001"><span class="entry-name">ISO/IEC 27001:2022</span></a><div class="entry-title">Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection</div></div> <div class="entry-description">Information security management systems – Requirements</div> </div></div> <div class="col-md-4"><div class="clearfix"> <div class="h4"> <a href="/standard/60857.html"><span class="entry-name">ISO 14001:2015</span></a><div class="entry-title">Environmental management systems</div></div> <div class="entry-description">Improve your environmental performance with this family of standards. </div> </div></div></div></div> </section><section class=" "> <div class="container"> <div class="row grid " > <div class="col-md-4"><div class="card clearfix"> <figure class=" inCol4 fig-srcset card-img mb-0"> <a href="/store.html" title="Store" aria-label="Store"><img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/standards/benefits_of_international_standards/img/benefits-of-standards.jpg/thumbnails/300x300" srcset="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/standards/benefits_of_international_standards/img/benefits-of-standards.jpg/thumbnails/300x150 300w,/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/standards/benefits_of_international_standards/img/benefits-of-standards.jpg/thumbnails/600x300 600w,/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/standards/benefits_of_international_standards/img/benefits-of-standards.jpg/thumbnails/800x600 800w,/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/standards/benefits_of_international_standards/img/benefits-of-standards.jpg/thumbnails/900x450 900w,/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/standards/benefits_of_international_standards/img/benefits-of-standards.jpg/thumbnails/1200x600 1200w,/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/standards/benefits_of_international_standards/img/benefits-of-standards.jpg/thumbnails/2400x1200 2400w," sizes="(min-width:1680px) 518px,(min-width:1200px) 358px,(min-width:992px) 293px,(min-width:768px) 720px, 100vw" class="card-img-top hover-zoom" alt="Ultra large container vessel (ULCV) at sea - Aerial image" itemprop="image"/> </a></figure> <div class="card-body"> <div class="entry-content"> <h5 class="entry-name"> <a href="/store.html" title="Store" >Store</a></h5> <div class="entry-summary"> Are you looking to buy International Standards, guidelines, collections and checklists? They're all right here, in the ISO Store.</div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="col-md-4"><div class="card clearfix"> <figure class=" inCol4 fig-srcset card-img mb-0"> <a href="https://iso.org/obp" title="Online Browsing Platform" aria-label="Online Browsing Platform"><img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/standards/benefits_of_international_standards/img/benefits-materials.jpg/thumbnails/300x300" srcset="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/standards/benefits_of_international_standards/img/benefits-materials.jpg/thumbnails/300x150 300w,/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/standards/benefits_of_international_standards/img/benefits-materials.jpg/thumbnails/600x300 600w,/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/standards/benefits_of_international_standards/img/benefits-materials.jpg/thumbnails/800x600 800w,/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/standards/benefits_of_international_standards/img/benefits-materials.jpg/thumbnails/900x450 900w,/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/standards/benefits_of_international_standards/img/benefits-materials.jpg/thumbnails/1200x600 1200w,/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/standards/benefits_of_international_standards/img/benefits-materials.jpg/thumbnails/2400x1200 2400w," sizes="(min-width:1680px) 518px,(min-width:1200px) 358px,(min-width:992px) 293px,(min-width:768px) 720px, 100vw" class="card-img-top hover-zoom" alt="" itemprop="image"/> </a></figure> <div class="card-body"> <div class="entry-content"> <h5 class="entry-name"> <a href="https://iso.org/obp" title="Online Browsing Platform" >Online Browsing Platform</a></h5> <div class="entry-summary"> Access the most up to date content in ISO standards, graphical symbols, codes or terms and definitions. Preview content before you buy, search within documents and easily navigate between standards.</div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="col-md-4"><div class="card clearfix"> <figure class=" inCol4 fig-srcset card-img mb-0"> <a href="/developing-standards.html" title="Developing standards" aria-label="Developing standards"><img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/developing_standards/img/developing-standards.jpg/thumbnails/300x300" srcset="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/developing_standards/img/developing-standards.jpg/thumbnails/300x150 300w,/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/developing_standards/img/developing-standards.jpg/thumbnails/600x300 600w,/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/developing_standards/img/developing-standards.jpg/thumbnails/800x600 800w,/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/developing_standards/img/developing-standards.jpg/thumbnails/900x450 900w,/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/developing_standards/img/developing-standards.jpg/thumbnails/1200x600 1200w,/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/developing_standards/img/developing-standards.jpg/thumbnails/2400x1200 2400w," sizes="(min-width:1680px) 518px,(min-width:1200px) 358px,(min-width:992px) 293px,(min-width:768px) 720px, 100vw" class="card-img-top hover-zoom" alt="" itemprop="image"/> </a></figure> <div class="card-body"> <div class="entry-content"> <h5 class="entry-name"> <a href="/developing-standards.html" title="Developing standards" >Developing standards</a></h5> <div class="entry-summary"> Find out how the ISO process bring together global experts to create standards that are chosen the world over.</div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </section><section class="sdg-topline "> <div class="container"> <div class="row " > <div class="col-md-12"><h3>ISO contributes to all of the Sustainable development goals</h3> <p>Here you can see the number of ISO standards that apply to each Goal.</p> <div class="clearfix sdg-graph"> <a href="/sdg/SDG01.html" title="Goal 1: No Poverty"> <div class="sdg sdg-01"> <img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/data/sdg/en/sdg01.png" class="img-fluid" alt="No Poverty"> <div class="sdg-bar sdg-01" style="--nb-std:428"> <div class="sdg-quantity">428</div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/sdg/SDG02.html" title="Goal 2: Zero Hunger"> <div class="sdg sdg-02"> <img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/data/sdg/en/sdg02.png" class="img-fluid" alt="Zero Hunger"> <div class="sdg-bar sdg-02" style="--nb-std:655"> <div class="sdg-quantity">655</div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/sdg/SDG03.html" title="Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being"> <div class="sdg sdg-03"> <img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/data/sdg/en/sdg03.png" class="img-fluid" alt="Good Health and Well-being"> <div class="sdg-bar sdg-03" style="--nb-std:4066"> <div class="sdg-quantity">4066</div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/sdg/SDG04.html" title="Goal 4: Quality Education"> <div class="sdg sdg-04"> <img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/data/sdg/en/sdg04.png" class="img-fluid" alt="Quality Education"> <div class="sdg-bar sdg-04" style="--nb-std:736"> <div class="sdg-quantity">736</div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/sdg/SDG05.html" title="Goal 5: Gender Equality"> <div class="sdg sdg-05"> <img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/data/sdg/en/sdg05.png" class="img-fluid" alt="Gender Equality"> <div class="sdg-bar sdg-05" style="--nb-std:278"> <div class="sdg-quantity">278</div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/sdg/SDG06.html" title="Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation"> <div class="sdg sdg-06"> <img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/data/sdg/en/sdg06.png" class="img-fluid" alt="Clean Water and Sanitation"> <div class="sdg-bar sdg-06" style="--nb-std:853"> <div class="sdg-quantity">853</div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/sdg/SDG07.html" title="Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy"> <div class="sdg sdg-07"> <img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/data/sdg/en/sdg07.png" class="img-fluid" alt="Affordable and Clean Energy"> <div class="sdg-bar sdg-07" style="--nb-std:1295"> <div class="sdg-quantity">1295</div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/sdg/SDG08.html" title="Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth"> <div class="sdg sdg-08"> <img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/data/sdg/en/sdg08.png" class="img-fluid" alt="Decent Work and Economic Growth"> <div class="sdg-bar sdg-08" style="--nb-std:3146"> <div class="sdg-quantity">3146</div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/sdg/SDG09.html" title="Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure"> <div class="sdg sdg-09"> <img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/data/sdg/en/sdg09.png" class="img-fluid" alt="Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure"> <div class="sdg-bar sdg-09" style="--nb-std:15559"> <div class="sdg-quantity">15559</div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/sdg/SDG10.html" title="Goal 10: Reduced Inequalities"> <div class="sdg sdg-10"> <img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/data/sdg/en/sdg10.png" class="img-fluid" alt="Reduced Inequalities"> <div class="sdg-bar sdg-10" style="--nb-std:743"> <div class="sdg-quantity">743</div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/sdg/SDG11.html" title="Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities"> <div class="sdg sdg-11"> <img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/data/sdg/en/sdg11.png" class="img-fluid" alt="Sustainable Cities and Communities"> <div class="sdg-bar sdg-11" style="--nb-std:3067"> <div class="sdg-quantity">3067</div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/sdg/SDG12.html" title="Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production"> <div class="sdg sdg-12"> <img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/data/sdg/en/sdg12.png" class="img-fluid" alt="Responsible Consumption and Production"> <div class="sdg-bar sdg-12" style="--nb-std:3625"> <div class="sdg-quantity">3625</div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/sdg/SDG13.html" title="Goal 13: Climate Action"> <div class="sdg sdg-13"> <img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/data/sdg/en/sdg13.png" class="img-fluid" alt="Climate Action"> <div class="sdg-bar sdg-13" style="--nb-std:1626"> <div class="sdg-quantity">1626</div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/sdg/SDG14.html" title="Goal 14: Life Below Water"> <div class="sdg sdg-14"> <img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/data/sdg/en/sdg14.png" class="img-fluid" alt="Life Below Water"> <div class="sdg-bar sdg-14" style="--nb-std:474"> <div class="sdg-quantity">474</div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/sdg/SDG15.html" title="Goal 15: Life on Land"> <div class="sdg sdg-15"> <img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/data/sdg/en/sdg15.png" class="img-fluid" alt="Life on Land"> <div class="sdg-bar sdg-15" style="--nb-std:1322"> <div class="sdg-quantity">1322</div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/sdg/SDG16.html" title="Goal 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions"> <div class="sdg sdg-16"> <img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/data/sdg/en/sdg16.png" class="img-fluid" alt="Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions"> <div class="sdg-bar sdg-16" style="--nb-std:294"> <div class="sdg-quantity">294</div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/sdg/SDG17.html" title="Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals"> <div class="sdg sdg-17"> <img loading="lazy" src="/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/data/sdg/en/sdg17.png" class="img-fluid" alt="Partnerships for the Goals"> <div class="sdg-bar sdg-17" style="--nb-std:0"> <div class="sdg-quantity"></div> </div> </div> </a> </div></div></div> </div> </section><div class="nav-breadcrumb print-footer bg-black"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-10 small">  <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/home.html" title="Home page"><i class="bi-house" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> Standards</li> </ol></div> <div class="col-sm-2 hidden-print text-end small mt-3 mt-sm-0"> <a 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resize_tooltip(tooltip) : false; return no_error; }; var needs_validate = function(el) { if(el.getAttribute('required') !== null){ return true } if(el.name === 'email' && el.value !== ""){ return true } if((el.id == 'field[]' || el.id == 'ca[11][v]') && el.className.includes('phone-input-error')){ return true } return false }; var validate_form = function(e) { var err = form_to_submit.querySelector('._form_error'), no_error = true; if (!submitted) { submitted = true; for (var i = 0, len = allInputs.length; i < len; i++) { var input = allInputs[i]; if (needs_validate(input)) { if (input.type == 'tel') { addEvent(input, 'blur', function() { this.value = this.value.trim(); validate_field(this, true); }); } if (input.type == 'text' || input.type == 'number' || input.type == 'time') { addEvent(input, 'blur', function() { this.value = this.value.trim(); validate_field(this, true); }); addEvent(input, 'input', function() { validate_field(this, true); }); } else if (input.type == 'radio' || input.type == 'checkbox') { (function(el) { var radios = form_to_submit.elements[el.name]; for (var i = 0; i < radios.length; i++) { addEvent(radios[i], 'click', function() { validate_field(el, true); }); } })(input); } else if (input.tagName == 'SELECT') { addEvent(input, 'change', function() { validate_field(this, true); }); } else if (input.type == 'textarea'){ addEvent(input, 'input', function() { validate_field(this, true); }); } } } } remove_tooltips(); for (var i = 0, len = allInputs.length; i < len; i++) { var elem = allInputs[i]; if (needs_validate(elem)) { if (elem.tagName.toLowerCase() !== "select") { elem.value = elem.value.trim(); } validate_field(elem) ? true : no_error = false; } } if (!no_error && e) { e.preventDefault(); } resize_tooltips(); return no_error; }; addEvent(window, 'resize', resize_tooltips); addEvent(window, 'scroll', resize_tooltips); var hidePhoneInputError = function(inputId) { var errorMessage = document.getElementById("error-msg-" + inputId); var input = document.getElementById(inputId); errorMessage.classList.remove("phone-error"); errorMessage.classList.add("phone-error-hidden"); input.classList.remove("phone-input-error"); }; var initializePhoneInput = function(input, defaultCountry) { return window.intlTelInput(input, { utilsScript: "https://unpkg.com/intl-tel-input@17.0.18/build/js/utils.js", autoHideDialCode: false, separateDialCode: true, initialCountry: defaultCountry, preferredCountries: [] }); } var setPhoneInputEventListeners = function(inputId, input, iti) { input.addEventListener('blur', function() { var errorMessage = document.getElementById("error-msg-" + inputId); if (input.value.trim()) { if (iti.isValidNumber()) { iti.setNumber(iti.getNumber()); if (errorMessage.classList.contains("phone-error")){ hidePhoneInputError(inputId); } } else { showPhoneInputError(inputId) } } else { if (errorMessage.classList.contains("phone-error")){ hidePhoneInputError(inputId); } } }); input.addEventListener("countrychange", function() { iti.setNumber(''); }); input.addEventListener("keydown", function(e) { var charCode = (e.which) ? e.which : e.keyCode; if (charCode > 31 && (charCode < 48 || charCode > 57) && charCode !== 8) { e.preventDefault(); } }); }; var showPhoneInputError = function(inputId) { var errorMessage = document.getElementById("error-msg-" + inputId); var input = document.getElementById(inputId); errorMessage.classList.add("phone-error"); errorMessage.classList.remove("phone-error-hidden"); input.classList.add("phone-input-error"); }; var form_submit = function(e) { e.preventDefault(); if (validate_form()) { // use this trick to get the submit button & disable it using plain javascript document.querySelector('#_form_23_submit').disabled = true; var _form_serialize_23 = function(form){if(!form||form.nodeName!=="FORM"){return }var i,j,q=[];for(i=0;i<form.elements.length;i++){if(form.elements[i].name===""){continue}switch(form.elements[i].nodeName){case"INPUT":switch(form.elements[i].type){case"tel":q.push(form.elements[i].name+"="+encodeURIComponent(form.elements[i].previousSibling.querySelector('div.iti__selected-dial-code').innerText)+encodeURIComponent(" ")+encodeURIComponent(form.elements[i].value));break;case"text":case"number":case"date":case"time":case"hidden":case"password":case"button":case"reset":case"submit":q.push(form.elements[i].name+"="+encodeURIComponent(form.elements[i].value));break;case"checkbox":case"radio":if(form.elements[i].checked){q.push(form.elements[i].name+"="+encodeURIComponent(form.elements[i].value))}break;case"file":break}break;case"TEXTAREA":q.push(form.elements[i].name+"="+encodeURIComponent(form.elements[i].value));break;case"SELECT":switch(form.elements[i].type){case"select-one":q.push(form.elements[i].name+"="+encodeURIComponent(form.elements[i].value));break;case"select-multiple":for(j=0;j<form.elements[i].options.length;j++){if(form.elements[i].options[j].selected){q.push(form.elements[i].name+"="+encodeURIComponent(form.elements[i].options[j].value))}}break}break;case"BUTTON":switch(form.elements[i].type){case"reset":case"submit":case"button":q.push(form.elements[i].name+"="+encodeURIComponent(form.elements[i].value));break}break}}return q.join("&")}; let serialized_23 = _form_serialize_23(document.getElementById('_form_23_')).replace(/%0A/g, '\\n'); var err = form_to_submit.querySelector('._form_error'); err ? 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