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.suggestion-title{color:var(--color-progressive)}.suggestion-highlight{font-style:normal;text-decoration:underline}.suggestion-description{color:var(--color-placeholder);margin:0;font-size:1.3rem;line-height:1.43rem}.styled-select{display:none;position:absolute;top:var(--ss-pos-top);bottom:var(--ss-pos-bottom);right:var(--ss-pos-right);max-width:var(--ss-width);height:var(--ss-height);border-radius:var(--border-radius-base)}.styled-select:hover{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)}.styled-select .hide-arrow{right:3.2rem;max-width:6.8rem;height:var(--ss-height);overflow:hidden;text-align:right}.styled-select select{background:transparent;display:inline;overflow:hidden;height:var(--ss-height);min-width:var(--ss-select-width);max-width:var(--ss-select-width);width:var(--ss-select-width);box-sizing:border-box;border:0;line-height:var(--ss-height);-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:window;text-indent:.01px;text-overflow:"";opacity:0;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;cursor:pointer}.styled-select.no-js{width:var(--ss-width)}.styled-select.no-js select{opacity:1;margin:0;padding:0 2.4rem 0 .8rem;color:var(--color-subtle)}.styled-select.no-js .hide-arrow{width:6.8rem}.search-container .styled-select.no-js .js-langpicker-label{display:none}.styled-select.js-enabled .hide-arrow{padding:0 2.4rem 0 .8rem}.styled-select.js-enabled select{background:transparent;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;height:100%;z-index:var(--ss-select-z-index);width:100%;border:0;margin:0;padding:0 2.4rem;color:transparent;color:hsla(0,0%,100%,0)}.styled-select.js-enabled select 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"}.langlist>ul{-webkit-column-width:11.2rem;-moz-column-width:11.2rem;column-width:11.2rem}.langlist>ul>li{display:block;line-height:1.7;-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid}.no-js .langlist>ul{text-align:center;list-style-type:circle}.no-js .langlist>ul>li{display:inline-block;padding:0 .8rem}.langlist>ul>li:before{content:none}.langlist>ul>li a{white-space:normal}@media (max-width:480px){.langlist{font-size:inherit}.langlist a{word-wrap:break-word;white-space:normal}.lang-list-container{width:auto;margin-left:.8rem;margin-right:.8rem}.bookshelf{overflow:visible}}.bookshelf{display:block;border-top:var(--border-subtle);box-shadow:0 -1px 0 var(--box-shadow-color-inverted);text-align:center;white-space:nowrap}.bookshelf .text{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle);position:relative;top:-1.12rem;font-weight:400;padding:0 .8rem}.bookshelf-container{display:block;overflow:visible;width:100%;height:1px;margin:2.4rem 0 1.6rem;font-size:1.3rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5}@media (max-width:480px){.bookshelf{width:auto;left:auto}.bookshelf-container{text-align:left;width:auto}}.app-badges .footer-sidebar-content{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)}.app-badges .footer-sidebar-text{padding-top:.8rem;padding-bottom:.8rem}.app-badges .sprite.footer-sidebar-icon{top:.8rem}.app-badges ul{margin:0;padding:0;list-style-type:none}.app-badge{display:inline-block}.app-badge a{color:transparent}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.app-badges .footer-sidebar-content{text-align:center}.app-badges .sprite.footer-sidebar-icon{display:inline-block;position:relative;margin:0;top:-3px;left:0;vertical-align:middle;transform:scale(.7)}}.footer{overflow:hidden;max-width:100%;margin:0 auto;padding:4.16rem 1.28rem 0;font-size:1.3rem}.footer:after,.footer:before{content:" ";display:table}.footer:after{clear:both}.footer-sidebar{width:35%;float:left;clear:left;margin-bottom:3.2rem;vertical-align:top}.footer-sidebar-content{position:relative;max-width:350px;margin:0 auto}.sprite.footer-sidebar-icon{position:absolute;top:0;left:.8rem}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){.footer-sidebar-icon.sprite.svg-Wikimedia-logo_black{filter:url('data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><filter id="filter"><feComponentTransfer color-interpolation-filters="sRGB"><feFuncR type="table" tableValues="1 0" /><feFuncG type="table" tableValues="1 0" /><feFuncB type="table" tableValues="1 0" /></feComponentTransfer></filter></svg>#filter');-webkit-filter:invert(100%);filter:invert(100%)}}.footer-sidebar-text{position:relative;margin:0;padding-left:6rem;padding-right:2rem;color:var(--color-subtle)}.site-license{color:var(--color-subtle);text-align:center}.site-license small:after{content:"\2022";display:inline-block;font-size:1.3rem;line-height:inherit;margin-left:.8rem;margin-right:.5rem}.site-license small:last-child:after{display:none}.footer hr{margin-top:1.28rem}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.footer{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding-top:1.28rem}.footer .footer-sidebar{order:1}.footer .other-projects{order:2}.footer .app-badges{order:3}.footer hr{order:4}.footer .site-license{order:5}.footer-sidebar{width:100%}.sprite.footer-sidebar-icon{display:block;position:relative;left:0;margin:0 auto 1.28rem}.footer-sidebar-content{max-width:none}.footer-sidebar-text{margin:0;padding:0;text-align:center}}@media screen and (max-width:480px){.footer{padding:.96rem .64rem 1.28rem}}@media (max-width:480px){.search-container{margin-top:0;height:7.8rem;position:absolute;top:9.6rem;left:0;right:0;max-width:100%;width:auto;padding:0;text-align:left}.search-container label{display:none}.search-form #searchInput{max-width:40%;vertical-align:middle}.search-form .formBtn{max-width:25%;vertical-align:middle}form fieldset{margin:0;border-left:0;border-right:0}hr{margin-top:.65rem}}@media (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:2),(min--moz-device-pixel-ratio:2),(min-resolution:2dppx),(min-resolution:192dpi){hr{border-bottom-width:.5px}}@supports (-webkit-marquee-style:slide){hr{border-bottom-width:1px}}.js-enabled .central-featured,.js-enabled .jsl10n{opacity:0}.jsl10n-visible .central-featured,.jsl10n-visible .jsl10n{opacity:1}@media print{body{background-color:transparent}a{color:#000!important;background:none!important;padding:0!important}a:link,a:visited{color:var(--color-print--visited);background:transparent}img{border:0}}.footer{text-align:center}.other-projects{text-align:initial} </style> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body id="www-wikiversity-org"> <main> <div class="central-textlogo"> <img class="central-featured-logo" src="portal/wikiversity.org/assets/img/Wikiversity-logo-tiles_1x.png" srcset="portal/wikiversity.org/assets/img/Wikiversity-logo-tiles_1.5x.png 1.5x, portal/wikiversity.org/assets/img/Wikiversity-logo-tiles_2x.png 2x" width="200" height="164" alt> <h1 class="central-textlogo-wrapper"> <span class="central-textlogo"> Wikiversity </span> <strong class="jsl10n localized-slogan" data-jsl10n="portal.slogan">Free learning resources</strong> </h1> </div> <nav data-jsl10n="top-ten-nav-label" aria-label="Top languages" class="central-featured" data-el-section="primary links">  <div class="central-featured-lang lang1" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <a id="js-link-box-en" href="//en.wikiversity.org/" title="English — Wikiversity — Free learning resources" class="link-box" data-slogan="Free learning resources"> <strong>English</strong> <small>37,000+ <span>learning resources</span></small> </a> </div>  <div class="central-featured-lang lang2" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <a id="js-link-box-fr" href="//fr.wikiversity.org/" title="Français — Wikiversité — Ressources pédagogiques libres" class="link-box" data-slogan="Ressources pédagogiques libres"> <strong>Français</strong> <small>16 000+ <span>ressources d’apprentissage</span></small> </a> </div>  <div class="central-featured-lang lang3" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <a id="js-link-box-zh" href="//zh.wikiversity.org/" title="Zhōngwén — 维基学院 / 維基學院 — 自由的学习资源 / 自由的學習資源" class="link-box localize-variant" data-slogan="自由的学习资源 / 自由的學習資源"> <strong>中文</strong> <small>7,000+ <span>学习资源 / 學習資源</span></small> </a> </div>  <div class="central-featured-lang lang4" lang="de" dir="ltr"> <a id="js-link-box-de" href="//de.wikiversity.org/" title="Deutsch — Wikiversity — Freie Lernressourcen" class="link-box" data-slogan="Freie Lernressourcen"> <strong>Deutsch</strong> <small>73.000+ <span>Lehrmittel</span></small> </a> </div>  <div class="central-featured-lang lang5" lang="it" dir="ltr"> <a id="js-link-box-it" href="//it.wikiversity.org/" title="Italiano — Wikiversità — Risorse di apprendimento libere" class="link-box" data-slogan="Risorse di apprendimento libere"> <strong>Italiano</strong> <small>5.000+ <span>lezioni</span></small> </a> </div>  <div class="central-featured-lang lang6" lang="es" dir="ltr"> <a id="js-link-box-es" href="//es.wikiversity.org/" title="Español — Wikiversidad — Plataforma educativa libre" class="link-box" data-slogan="Plataforma educativa libre"> <strong>Español</strong> <small>2000+ <span>recursos de aprendizaje</span></small> </a> </div>  <div class="central-featured-lang lang7" lang="pt" dir="ltr"> <a id="js-link-box-pt" href="//pt.wikiversity.org/" title="Português — Wikiversidade — A universidade livre" class="link-box" data-slogan="A universidade livre"> <strong>Português</strong> <small>3.000+ <span>recursos de aprendizagem</span></small> </a> </div>  <div class="central-featured-lang lang8" lang="ru" dir="ltr"> <a id="js-link-box-ru" href="//ru.wikiversity.org/" title="Russkiy — Викиверситет — Свободные учебные курсы" class="link-box" data-slogan="Свободные учебные курсы"> <strong>Русский</strong> <small>4 000+ <span>образовательных материалов</span></small> </a> </div>  <div class="central-featured-lang lang9" lang="sv" dir="ltr"> <a id="js-link-box-sv" href="//sv.wikiversity.org/" title="Svenska — Wikiversity — Fritt kursmaterial" class="link-box" data-slogan="Fritt kursmaterial"> <strong>Svenska</strong> <small>600+ <span>läroresurser</span></small> </a> </div>  <div class="central-featured-lang lang10" lang="cs" dir="ltr"> <a id="js-link-box-cs" href="//cs.wikiversity.org/" title="Čeština — Wikiverzita — Volně dostupné vzdělání" class="link-box" data-slogan="Volně dostupné vzdělání"> <strong>Čeština</strong> <small>4 000+ <span>stránek</span></small> </a> </div> </nav> <div class="langlist-others hlist"> <ul> <li><a href="https://beta.wikiversity.org/" lang="en">Other languages • Multilingual hub</a></li> </ul> </div> <div role="search" 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lang="it">Italiano</a></li> <li><a href="//pt.wikiversity.org/" lang="pt">Português</a></li> <li><a href="//zh.wikiversity.org/" lang="zh" title="Zhōngwén">中文</a></li> <li><a href="//ru.wikiversity.org/" lang="ru" title="Russkiy">Русский</a></li> </ul> </div> <h2 class="bookshelf-container"> <span class="bookshelf"> <span class="text"> <bdi dir="ltr"> 100+ </bdi> <span class="jsl10n" data-jsl10n="portal.entries"> learning resources </span> </span> </span> </h2> <div class="langlist langlist-tiny hlist" data-el-section="secondary links"> <ul> <li><a href="//ar.wikiversity.org/" lang="ar" title="Al-ʿArabīyah"><bdi dir="rtl">العربية</bdi></a></li> <li><a href="//el.wikiversity.org/" lang="el" title="Ellīniká">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li><a href="//ko.wikiversity.org/" lang="ko" title="Hangugeo">한국어</a></li> <li><a href="//hi.wikiversity.org/" lang="hi" title="Hindī">हिन्दी</a></li> <li><a href="//ja.wikiversity.org/" lang="ja" title="Nihongo">日本語</a></li> <li><a href="//sl.wikiversity.org/" 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