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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_ministers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Prime ministers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prime_ministers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chief_ministers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chief_ministers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Chief ministers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chief_ministers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Electoral records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vice_President_&_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vice_President_&_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vice President & Deputy Prime Minister of India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vice_President_&_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Party_presidents_&_deputy_chief_ministers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Party_presidents_&_deputy_chief_ministers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Party presidents & deputy chief ministers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Party_presidents_&_deputy_chief_ministers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>National units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>State units</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-State_units-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle State units subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-State_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uttar_pradesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uttar_pradesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Uttar pradesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uttar_pradesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karnataka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karnataka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Karnataka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karnataka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span><i>Presidents</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_Secretary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_Secretary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span><i>General Secretary</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_Secretary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tamil_Nadu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tamil_Nadu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Tamil Nadu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tamil_Nadu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span><i>President</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Janata_Dal_factions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Janata_Dal_factions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Janata Dal factions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Janata_Dal_factions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Janata Dal factions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Janata_Dal_factions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Defunct_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defunct_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Defunct parties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defunct_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Janata Dal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B2" title="जनता दल – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जनता दल" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B2" title="জনতা দল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জনতা দল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Janata Dal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9Canata_Dal" title="Ĝanata Dal – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĝanata Dal" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Janata Dal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B2" title="जनता दल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जनता दल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Janata Dal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%94_%D7%93%D7%90%D7%9C" title="ג'נטה דאל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'נטה דאל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B3" title="ಜನತಾ ದಳ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜನತಾ ದಳ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%BE" title="ജനതാ ദൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജനതാ ദൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B2" title="जनता दल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जनता दल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%8A%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%80%E3%83%AB" title="ジャナタ・ダル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャナタ・ダル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Janata Dal" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Janata Dal" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janata_Dal_(1988%E2%80%931999)" title="Janata Dal (1988–1999) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Janata Dal (1988–1999)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Джаната дал (Индия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джаната дал (Индия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Janata Dal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Janata Dal" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Janata Dal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜனதா தளம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜனதா தளம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B3%E0%B1%8D" title="జనతాదళ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జనతాదళ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Джаната дал – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джаната дал" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%84" title="جنتا دل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جنتا دل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #2E8B57; border-bottom:2px solid #2E8B57; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Janata Dal</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Janata_Dal_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Janata_Dal_symbol.svg/150px-Janata_Dal_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Janata_Dal_symbol.svg/225px-Janata_Dal_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Janata_Dal_symbol.svg/300px-Janata_Dal_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="297" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">JD</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">11 October 1988<span class="noprint"> (36 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1988-10-11</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">2003</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merger of</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Morcha" title="Jan Morcha">Jan Morcha</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a> faction</li><li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Dal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lok Dal">Lok Dal</a> faction</li><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Jagjivan)" title="Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)">Congress (Jagjivan)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Thamizhaga_Munnetra_Munnani" title="Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani">Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samata_Party" title="Samata Party">Samata Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Socialist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Janata Dal (Socialist)">Janata Dal (Socialist) </a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Secular)" title="Janata Dal (Secular)">Janata Dal (Secular)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">Janata Dal (United)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Loktantrik_Janata_Dal" title="Loktantrik Janata Dal">Loktantrik Janata Dal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal" title="Rashtriya Janata Dal">Rashtriya Janata Dal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Dal" title="Rashtriya Lok Dal">Rashtriya Lok Dal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biju_Janata_Dal" title="Biju Janata Dal">Biju Janata Dal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Morcha" title="Rashtriya Lok Morcha">Rashtriya Lok Morcha</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Samta_Party" title="Rashtriya Lok Samta Party">Rashtriya Lok Samta Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Lok_Dal" title="Indian National Lok Dal">Indian National Lok Dal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Janshakti_Party" title="Lok Janshakti Party">Lok Janshakti Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Janshakti_Party" title="Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party">Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Party" title="Samajwadi Party">Samajwadi Party</a></li><li>(<a href="/wiki/Janata_Parivar" title="Janata Parivar">Janata Parivar</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (India)">National Front</a> (1988–1996)</li><li><a href="/wiki/United_Front_(India,_1996)" title="United Front (India, 1996)">United Front</a> (1996–1998)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#2E8B57; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">Green</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #2E8B57;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">Politics of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Janata Dal</b> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">People's Party</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) was an <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Indian political party</a> which was formed through the merger of <a href="/wiki/Lok_Dal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lok Dal">Lok Dal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Jagjivan)" title="Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)">Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Jan_Morcha" title="Jan Morcha">Jan Morcha</a> on 11 October 1988—the birth anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Jayaprakash_Narayan" title="Jayaprakash Narayan">Jayaprakash Narayan</a> under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chander2004_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chander2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janata_Dal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a> united the entire disparate spectrum of parties ranging from regional parties such as the <a href="/wiki/Telugu_Desam_Party" title="Telugu Desam Party">Telugu Desam Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Asom_Gana_Parishad" title="Asom Gana Parishad">Asom Gana Parishad</a>, together and formed the <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (India)">National Front</a> with <a href="/wiki/N._T._Rama_Rao" title="N. T. Rama Rao">N. T. Rama Rao</a> as President and <a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh">V. P. Singh</a> as convenor. The front also included outside support from the <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a> <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a> Left Front, led by the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India" title="Communist Party of India">Communist Party of India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a>. They defeated <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Congress_(I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress (I)">Congress (I)</a> in the 1989 parliamentary elections.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His government fell after <a href="/wiki/Lalu_Prasad_Yadav" title="Lalu Prasad Yadav">Lalu Prasad Yadav</a> got <a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">Advani</a> arrested in <a href="/wiki/Samastipur" title="Samastipur">Samastipur</a> and stopped his <i><a href="/wiki/Ram_Rath_Yatra" title="Ram Rath Yatra">Ram Rath Yatra</a>,</i> which was going to <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a> on the site of the Babri Masjid on 23 October 1990, and the Bharatiya Janata Party withdrew support. <a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh">V. P. Singh</a> lost a parliamentary vote of confidence on 7 November 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_general_election" title="1991 Indian general election">1991 Indian general election</a> the Janata Dal lost power but emerged as the third largest party in <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Janata Dal-led <a href="/wiki/United_Front_(India,_1996)" title="United Front (India, 1996)">United Front</a> formed the government after the <a href="/wiki/1996_Indian_general_election" title="1996 Indian general election">1996 Indian general election</a> with the outside support of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>. However, after this the Janata Dal gradually disintegrated into various smaller factions, which largely became regional parties such as <a href="/wiki/Biju_Janata_Dal" title="Biju Janata Dal">Biju Janata Dal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal" title="Rashtriya Janata Dal">Rashtriya Janata Dal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Secular)" title="Janata Dal (Secular)">Janata Dal (Secular)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">Janata Dal (United)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ascent_to_power">Ascent to power</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janata_Dal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ascent to power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:V._P._Singh_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a></figcaption></figure> <p>It first came to power in 1989, after cases of corruption, known as the <a href="/wiki/Bofors_scandal" title="Bofors scandal">Bofors scandal</a>, caused <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress (I)</a> to lose the elections. The <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (India)">National Front</a> coalition that was formed consisted of the Janata Dal and a few smaller parties in the government, and had outside support from the <a href="/wiki/Left_Front_(West_Bengal)" title="Left Front (West Bengal)">Left Front</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a>. <a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a> was the prime minister. In November 1990, this coalition collapsed, and a new government headed by <a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a> under <a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Janata_Party_(Rashtriya)" title="Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)">Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)</a> which had the support of the congress came to power for a short while. Two days before the vote, <a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a>, an ambitious Janata Dal rival who had been kept out of the National Front government, joined with Devi Lal, a former deputy prime minister under V. P. Singh, to form the Samajwadi Janata Party, with a total of just sixty <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> members. The day after the collapse of the National Front government, Chandra Shekhar informed the president that by gaining the backing of the Congress (I) and its electoral allies he enjoyed the support of 280 members of the Lok Sabha, and he demanded the right to constitute a new government. Even though his rump party accounted for only one-ninth of the members of the Lok Sabha, Chandra Shekhar succeeded in forming a new minority Government and becoming Prime Minister (with Devi Lal as deputy prime minister). However, Chandra Shekhar's government fell less than four months later, after the Congress (I) withdrew its support.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:I_k_gujral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/I_k_gujral.jpg/120px-I_k_gujral.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/I_k_gujral.jpg/250px-I_k_gujral.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="526" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/I._K._Gujral" class="mw-redirect" title="I. K. Gujral">I. K. Gujral</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Its second spell of power began in 1996, when the Janata Dal-led <a href="/wiki/United_Front_(India,_1996)" title="United Front (India, 1996)">United Front</a> coalition came to power, with outside support from the congress under <a href="/wiki/Sitaram_Kesri" title="Sitaram Kesri">Sitaram Kesri</a>, choosing <a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H. D. Deve Gowda</a> as their prime minister. The Congress withdrew their support in less than a year, after the <a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H. D. Deve Gowda</a> Government restarted probing the corruption cases against a lot of Congress leaders, hoping to gain power with the support of various United Front constituent groups, and <a href="/wiki/I._K._Gujral" class="mw-redirect" title="I. K. Gujral">I. K. Gujral</a> became the next prime minister. His government too fell in a few months, and in February 1998, the Janata Dal-led coalition lost power to the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> in General Elections.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_prime_ministers_&_chief_ministers_of_India"><span id="List_of_prime_ministers_.26_chief_ministers_of_India"></span>List of prime ministers & chief ministers of India</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janata_Dal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: List of prime ministers & chief ministers of India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prime_ministers">Prime ministers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janata_Dal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Prime ministers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"> <th>No.</th> <th>Image</th> <th>Prime ministers</th> <th>Year</th> <th>Duration</th> <th>Constituency </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"> <td>1</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:V._P._Singh_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh">Vishwanath Pratap Singh</a></td> <td>1989 – 1990</td> <td>343 days</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fatehpur_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatehpur (Lok Sabha constituency)">Fatehpur</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"> <td>2</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_H._D._Deve_Gowda_BNC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Prime_Minister_H._D._Deve_Gowda_BNC.jpg/120px-Prime_Minister_H._D._Deve_Gowda_BNC.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Prime_Minister_H._D._Deve_Gowda_BNC.jpg/250px-Prime_Minister_H._D._Deve_Gowda_BNC.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H. D. Deve Gowda</a></td> <td>1996 – 1997</td> <td>324 days</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— (<a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(India)" title="Member of Parliament (India)">MP</a>) from <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"> <td>3</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inder_Kumar_Gujral_071.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Inder_Kumar_Gujral_071.jpg/100px-Inder_Kumar_Gujral_071.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Inder_Kumar_Gujral_071.jpg/150px-Inder_Kumar_Gujral_071.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Inder_Kumar_Gujral_071.jpg/200px-Inder_Kumar_Gujral_071.jpg 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="1065" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inder_Kumar_Gujral" title="Inder Kumar Gujral">Inder Kumar Gujral</a></td> <td>1997 – 1998</td> <td>332 days</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— (<a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(India)" title="Member of Parliament (India)">MP</a>) from <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chief_ministers">Chief ministers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janata_Dal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chief ministers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Chief Ministers </th> <th>State </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Duration </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Uttar_Pradesh_Chief_Minister_Shri.Mulayam_Singh_Yadav_,_addressing_at_the_National_Development_Council,_New_Delhi_on_December_9,_2006_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Uttar_Pradesh_Chief_Minister_Shri.Mulayam_Singh_Yadav_%2C_addressing_at_the_National_Development_Council%2C_New_Delhi_on_December_9%2C_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Uttar_Pradesh_Chief_Minister_Shri.Mulayam_Singh_Yadav_%2C_addressing_at_the_National_Development_Council%2C_New_Delhi_on_December_9%2C_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Uttar_Pradesh_Chief_Minister_Shri.Mulayam_Singh_Yadav_%2C_addressing_at_the_National_Development_Council%2C_New_Delhi_on_December_9%2C_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Uttar_Pradesh_Chief_Minister_Shri.Mulayam_Singh_Yadav_%2C_addressing_at_the_National_Development_Council%2C_New_Delhi_on_December_9%2C_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="281" data-file-height="338" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mulayam_Singh_Yadav" title="Mulayam Singh Yadav">Mulayam Singh Yadav</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chimanbhai_Patel" title="Chimanbhai Patel">Chimanbhai Patel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lalu_Prasad_Yadav_addressing_the_EEC_-_2006_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Lalu_Prasad_Yadav_addressing_the_EEC_-_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Lalu_Prasad_Yadav_addressing_the_EEC_-_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Lalu_Prasad_Yadav_addressing_the_EEC_-_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Lalu_Prasad_Yadav_addressing_the_EEC_-_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1145" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lalu_Prasad_Yadav" title="Lalu Prasad Yadav">Lalu Prasad Yadav</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Biju_Patnaik_2018_stamp_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Biju_Patnaik_2018_stamp_of_India.jpg/120px-Biju_Patnaik_2018_stamp_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Biju_Patnaik_2018_stamp_of_India.jpg/250px-Biju_Patnaik_2018_stamp_of_India.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Biju_Patnaik" title="Biju Patnaik">Biju Patnaik</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_former_Prime_Minister,_Shri_H.D._Deve_Gowda_calling_on_the_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi,_in_New_Delhi_on_June_03,_2015_(cropped_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/The_former_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_H.D._Deve_Gowda_calling_on_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_June_03%2C_2015_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/120px-The_former_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_H.D._Deve_Gowda_calling_on_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_June_03%2C_2015_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/The_former_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_H.D._Deve_Gowda_calling_on_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_June_03%2C_2015_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/250px-The_former_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_H.D._Deve_Gowda_calling_on_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_June_03%2C_2015_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="842" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H. D. Deve Gowda</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/J._H._Patel" title="J. H. Patel">J. H. Patel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Devi_Lal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Devi_Lal.jpg/120px-Devi_Lal.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Devi_Lal.jpg/250px-Devi_Lal.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devi_Lal" title="Devi Lal">Devi Lal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Om_Prakash_Chautala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Om_Prakash_Chautala.jpg/100px-Om_Prakash_Chautala.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Om_Prakash_Chautala.jpg/150px-Om_Prakash_Chautala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Om_Prakash_Chautala.jpg/200px-Om_Prakash_Chautala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Om_Prakash_Chautala" title="Om Prakash Chautala">Om Prakash Chautala</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Banarsi_Das_Gupta.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Banarsi_Das_Gupta.jpeg/100px-Banarsi_Das_Gupta.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Banarsi_Das_Gupta.jpeg/150px-Banarsi_Das_Gupta.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Banarsi_Das_Gupta.jpeg/200px-Banarsi_Das_Gupta.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="789" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banarsi_Das_Gupta" title="Banarsi Das Gupta">Banarsi Das Gupta</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hukam_Singh_(Haryana_politician)" title="Hukam Singh (Haryana politician)">Hukum Singh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_records">Electoral records</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janata_Dal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Electoral records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Electoral Performance </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th colspan="2">Seats won </th> <th colspan="2">Votes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1989_Indian_general_election" title="1989 Indian general election">1989 Indian general election</a> </td> <td>143 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 143 </td> <td>53,518,521 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 53,518,521 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_general_election" title="1991 Indian general election">1991 Indian general election</a> </td> <td>59 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 84 </td> <td>32,628,400 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2,08,90,121 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1996_Indian_general_election" title="1996 Indian general election">1996 Indian general election</a> </td> <td>46 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13 </td> <td>27,070,340 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 55,58,060 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1998_Indian_general_election" title="1998 Indian general election">1998 Indian general election</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 40 </td> <td>11,930,209 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,51,40,131 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Party Disintegrated </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vice_President_&_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India"><span id="Vice_President_.26_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India"></span>Vice President & Deputy Prime Minister of India</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janata_Dal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vice President & Deputy Prime Minister of India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Vice President </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Duration </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Krishan_Kant_2005_stamp_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Krishan_Kant_2005_stamp_of_India.jpg/120px-Krishan_Kant_2005_stamp_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Krishan_Kant_2005_stamp_of_India.jpg/250px-Krishan_Kant_2005_stamp_of_India.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="233" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krishan_Kant" title="Krishan Kant">Krishan Kant</a> </td> <td>21 August 1997 – 27 July 2002 </td> <td>4 years, 340 days </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Deputy Prime Minister </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Duration </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaudhary_Devi_Lal_2001_stamp_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Chaudhary_Devi_Lal_2001_stamp_of_India.jpg/100px-Chaudhary_Devi_Lal_2001_stamp_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Chaudhary_Devi_Lal_2001_stamp_of_India.jpg/150px-Chaudhary_Devi_Lal_2001_stamp_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Chaudhary_Devi_Lal_2001_stamp_of_India.jpg/200px-Chaudhary_Devi_Lal_2001_stamp_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="948" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devi_Lal" title="Devi Lal">Devi Lal</a> </td> <td>10 November 1990 – 21 June 1991 </td> <td>242 Days </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Party_presidents_&_deputy_chief_ministers"><span id="Party_presidents_.26_deputy_chief_ministers"></span>Party presidents & deputy chief ministers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janata_Dal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Party presidents & deputy chief ministers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Presidents </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Duration </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:V._P._Singh_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg/199px-V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh">Vishwanath Pratap Singh</a> </td> <td>1989-1997 </td> <td>days </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharadyadavjdu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Sharadyadavjdu.jpg/120px-Sharadyadavjdu.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Sharadyadavjdu.jpg/250px-Sharadyadavjdu.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="367" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sharad_Yadav" title="Sharad Yadav">Sharad Yadav</a> </td> <td>1997-1999 </td> <td>days </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Deputy Chief Minister </th> <th>State </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Duration </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banarsi_Das_Gupta" title="Banarsi Das Gupta">Banarsi Das Gupta</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hukam_Singh_(Haryana_politician)" title="Hukam Singh (Haryana politician)">Hukam Singh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/J._H._Patel" title="J. H. Patel">J. H. Patel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/K._Siddaramaiah" class="mw-redirect" title="K. Siddaramaiah">K. Siddaramaiah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_units">National units</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janata_Dal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: National units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thakur_ji_pathak_is_in_public_rally_in_bihar_patna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Thakur_ji_pathak_is_in_public_rally_in_bihar_patna.jpg/120px-Thakur_ji_pathak_is_in_public_rally_in_bihar_patna.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Thakur_ji_pathak_is_in_public_rally_in_bihar_patna.jpg/250px-Thakur_ji_pathak_is_in_public_rally_in_bihar_patna.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="845" data-file-height="2015" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Ji_Pathak" title="Thakur Ji Pathak">Thakur Ji Pathak</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Ji_Pathak" title="Thakur Ji Pathak">Thakur Ji Pathak</a> (1989 – 1994)- National General Secretary <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_units">State units</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janata_Dal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: State units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uttar_pradesh">Uttar pradesh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janata_Dal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Uttar pradesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Anantram_Jaiswal" title="Anantram Jaiswal">Anantram Jaiswal</a> (1983) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Karnataka">Karnataka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janata_Dal&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Karnataka"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidents"><i>Presidents</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janata_Dal&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/B._Rachaiah" title="B. Rachaiah">B. Rachaiah</a> (1989)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Siddaramaiah" title="Siddaramaiah">Siddaramaiah</a> (Feb 1999)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/C._Byre_Gowda" title="C. Byre Gowda">C. Byre Gowda</a> (July 1999)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_Secretary"><i>General Secretary</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janata_Dal&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: General Secretary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jeevaraj_Alva" title="Jeevaraj Alva">Jeevaraj Alva</a> (1989-1990)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/C._Narayanaswamy" title="C. Narayanaswamy">C. Narayanaswamy</a> (1999)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tamil_Nadu">Tamil Nadu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janata_Dal&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Tamil Nadu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President"><i>President</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janata_Dal&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: President"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sivaji_Ganesan" title="Sivaji Ganesan">Sivaji Ganesan</a> (1989-1993) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Janata_Dal_factions">Janata Dal factions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janata_Dal&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Janata Dal factions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="centeralign"> <tbody><tr> <th>Party Name </th> <th>Led By </th> <th>Formed </th> <th> </th> <th>Remarks </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Pro-<a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">NDA</a> parties </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Dal" title="Rashtriya Lok Dal">Rashtriya Lok Dal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jayant_Chaudhary" title="Jayant Chaudhary">Chaudhary Jayant Singh</a> </td> <td>1996 </td> <td> </td> <td>State Party in Uttar Pradesh </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Secular)" title="Janata Dal (Secular)">Janata Dal (Secular)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H. D. Deve Gowda</a> </td> <td>1999 </td> <td> </td> <td>State Party in Karnataka </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">Janata Dal (United)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitish_Kumar" title="Nitish Kumar">Nitish Kumar</a> </td> <td>2003 </td> <td> </td> <td>State Party in Bihar & Manipur </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_Awam_Morcha_(Secular)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)">Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jitan_Ram_Manjhi" title="Jitan Ram Manjhi">Jitan Ram Manjhi</a> </td> <td>2015 </td> <td>Split from <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">Janata Dal (United)</a> </td> <td>State party in Bihar </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lok_Janshakti_Party_(Ram_Vilas)" title="Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)">Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chirag_Paswan" title="Chirag Paswan">Chirag Paswan</a> </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>Factioned from <a href="/wiki/Lok_Janshakti_Party" title="Lok Janshakti Party">Lok Janshakti Party</a> </td> <td>State Party in Bihar & Nagaland </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Morcha" title="Rashtriya Lok Morcha">Rashtriya Lok Morcha</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upendra_Kushwaha" title="Upendra Kushwaha">Upendra Kushwaha</a> </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>Split from <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">Janata Dal (United)</a> </td> <td>Unrecognised Party </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Pro-<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Developmental_Inclusive_Alliance" title="Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance">I.N.D.I.A.</a> parties </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Party" title="Samajwadi Party">Samajwadi Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akhilesh_Yadav" title="Akhilesh Yadav">Akhilesh Yadav</a> </td> <td>1992 </td> <td> </td> <td>State Party in Uttar Pradesh </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal" title="Rashtriya Janata Dal">Rashtriya Janata Dal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lalu_Prasad_Yadav" title="Lalu Prasad Yadav">Lalu Prasad Yadav</a> </td> <td>1997 </td> <td> </td> <td>State Party in Bihar </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Janshakti_Party" title="Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party">Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pashupati_Kumar_Paras" title="Pashupati Kumar Paras">Pashupati Kumar Paras</a> </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>Factioned from <a href="/wiki/Lok_Janshakti_Party" title="Lok Janshakti Party">Lok Janshakti Party</a> </td> <td>Recognised Party </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Non-NDA/I.N.D.I.A. parties </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Biju_Janata_Dal" title="Biju Janata Dal">Biju Janata Dal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naveen_Patnaik" title="Naveen Patnaik">Naveen Patnaik</a> </td> <td>1997 </td> <td> </td> <td>State Party in Odisha </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Lok_Dal" title="Indian National Lok Dal">Indian National Lok Dal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Om_Prakash_Chautala" title="Om Prakash Chautala">Om Prakash Chautala</a> </td> <td>1996 </td> <td> </td> <td>Unrecognised Party </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jannayak_Janta_Party" title="Jannayak Janta Party">Jannayak Janta Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Singh_Chautala" title="Ajay Singh Chautala">Ajay Singh Chautala</a> </td> <td>2018 </td> <td>Split from <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Lok_Dal" title="Indian National Lok Dal">Indian National Lok Dal</a> </td> <td>Recognised <p>Party </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defunct_parties">Defunct parties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janata_Dal&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Defunct parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Adhikar_Party_(Loktantrik)" title="Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)">Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Pappu_Yadav" title="Pappu Yadav">Pappu Yadav</a> (merged with <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Janata_Party_(Rashtriya)" title="Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)">Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)</a> of Late <a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a> is now defunct because of weak leadership.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Janata_Dal_(Democratic)" title="Samajwadi Janata Dal (Democratic)">Samajwadi Janata Dal (Democratic)</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Devendra_Prasad_Yadav" title="Devendra Prasad Yadav">Devendra Prasad Yadav</a> (merged with <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal" title="Rashtriya Janata Dal">Rashtriya Janata Dal</a>).</li> <li>Bharatiya Sablog Party led by <a href="/wiki/Arun_Kumar_(Bihar_politician)" title="Arun Kumar (Bihar politician)">Arun Kumar</a> (merged with <a href="/wiki/Lok_Janshakti_Party_(Ram_Vilas)" title="Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)">Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Janshakti_Party" title="Lok Janshakti Party">Lok Janshakti Party</a> of Late <a href="/wiki/Ram_Vilas_Paswan" title="Ram Vilas Paswan">Ram Vilas Paswan</a> and led by <a href="/wiki/Chirag_Paswan" title="Chirag Paswan">Chirag Paswan</a> (split into the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Janshakti_Party_(Ram_Vilas)" title="Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)">Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)</a> led by Ram's son <a href="/wiki/Chirag_Paswan" title="Chirag Paswan">Chirag Paswan</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Janshakti_Party" title="Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party">Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party</a> led by Ram's brother <a href="/wiki/Pashupati_Kumar_Paras" title="Pashupati Kumar Paras">Pashupati Kumar Paras</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Samta_Party" title="Rashtriya Lok Samta Party">Rashtriya Lok Samta Party</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Upendra_Kushwaha" title="Upendra Kushwaha">Upendra Kushwaha</a> (merged with <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_United" class="mw-redirect" title="Janata Dal United">Janata Dal United</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loktantrik_Janata_Dal" title="Loktantrik Janata Dal">Loktantrik Janata Dal</a> led by Late <a href="/wiki/Sharad_Yadav" title="Sharad Yadav">Sharad Yadav</a> (merged with <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal" title="Rashtriya Janata Dal">Rashtriya Janata Dal</a>).</li> <li>Socialist Janata Party led by Manju Mohan (merged with <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(India),_2011" title="Socialist Party (India), 2011">Socialist Party (India)</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samras_Samaj_Party" title="Samras Samaj Party">Samras Samaj Party</a> led by Nagmani (merged with <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Samta_Party" title="Rashtriya Lok Samta Party">Rashtriya Lok Samta Party</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samata_Party" title="Samata Party">Samata Party</a> of Late <a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a> (merged with <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">Janata Dal (United)</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Janata_(Democratic)" title="Socialist Janata (Democratic)">Socialist Janata (Democratic)</a> led by Late <a href="/wiki/M._P._Veerendra_Kumar" title="M. P. Veerendra Kumar">M. P. Veerendra Kumar</a> (merged with <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">Janata Dal (United)</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Morcha" title="Jan Morcha">Jan Morcha</a> of Late <a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a> and led by <a href="/wiki/Ajeya_Pratap_Singh" title="Ajeya Pratap Singh">Ajeya Pratap Singh</a> (merged with <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Jan_Morcha" title="Odisha Jan Morcha">Odisha Jan Morcha</a> is defunct because of weak leadership.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Gana_Parishad" title="Odisha Gana Parishad">Odisha Gana Parishad</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Bijoy_Mohapatra" title="Bijoy Mohapatra">Bijoy Mohapatra</a> (merged with <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party" title="Nationalist Congress Party">Nationalist Congress Party</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Progressive_Janata_Dal" title="All India Progressive Janata Dal">All India Progressive Janata Dal</a> led by Late <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Hegde" title="Ramakrishna Hegde">Ramakrishna Hegde</a> and late <a href="/wiki/S._R._Bommai" title="S. R. Bommai">S. R. Bommai</a> (merged with <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">Janata Dal (United)</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Left)" title="Janata Dal (Left)">Janata Dal (Left)</a> led by Late Surendra Mohan and Late <a href="/wiki/M._P._Veerendra_Kumar" title="M. P. Veerendra Kumar">M. P. Veerendra Kumar</a> (merged with <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Secular)" title="Janata Dal (Secular)">Janata Dal (Secular)</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Shakti" title="Lok Shakti">Lok Shakti</a> led by Late <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Hegde" title="Ramakrishna Hegde">Ramakrishna Hegde</a> (merged with <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">Janata Dal (United)</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragatisheel_Samajwadi_Party_(Lohiya)" title="Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya)">Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya)</a> led by Shivpal Singh Yadav (merged with <a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Party" title="Samajwadi Party">Samajwadi Party</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Gujarat)" title="Janata Dal (Gujarat)">Janata Dal (Gujarat)</a> led by Late <a href="/wiki/Chimanbhai_Patel" title="Chimanbhai Patel">Chimanbhai Patel</a> and Late <a href="/wiki/Chhabildas_Mehta" title="Chhabildas Mehta">Chhabildas Mehta</a> (merged with <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>).</li> <li>Janata Dal (Digvijay) led by <a href="/wiki/Digvijay_Singh_(Rajasthan_politician)" title="Digvijay Singh (Rajasthan politician)">Digvijay Singh</a> (merged with <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Ajit)" title="Janata Dal (Ajit)">Janata Dal (Ajit)</a> led by Late <a href="/wiki/Ajit_Singh_(politician,_born_1939)" title="Ajit Singh (politician, born 1939)">Ajit Singh</a> (merged with <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>).</li> <li>Janata Dal (Socialist) led by Late <a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a>, Late <a href="/wiki/Devi_Lal" title="Devi Lal">Devi Lal</a>, Late <a href="/wiki/Mulayam_Singh_Yadav" title="Mulayam Singh Yadav">Mulayam Singh Yadav</a> (renamed as Late <a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Janata_Party_(Rashtriya)" title="Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)">Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)</a>).</li> <li>Punjab Janata Morcha (PJM), in English the Punjab Popular Front, was a <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political party</a> in the <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a>. The party formed in 1989 as a splinter group of the Janata Dal. The party failed to win any election seats in its lifetime. Party president <a href="/wiki/Kirpal_Singh" title="Kirpal Singh">Kirpal Singh</a> announced that the PJM was disbanded in 1997. Most members joined the <a href="/wiki/Jan_Morcha" title="Jan Morcha">Jan Morcha</a> by 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janata_Dal&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samata_Party" title="Samata Party">Samata Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janata_Dal&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220215101928/https://samataparty.org/"><i>Samata Party</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://samataparty.org/">the original</a> on 15 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Samata+Party&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsamataparty.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanata+Dal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jacobin.com/2024/03/bjp-far-right-modi-india">"Why the Far Right Rules Modi's India"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2024</span>. <q>In this vacuum, the BJP's path to power followed that of three other centrist parties, similar to Congress, which led coalitions on three separate occasions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+the+Far+Right+Rules+Modi%27s+India&rft.pub=Jacobin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjacobin.com%2F2024%2F03%2Fbjp-far-right-modi-india&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJanata+Dal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chander2004-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chander2004_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFN._Jose_Chander2004" class="citation book cs1">N. Jose Chander (1 January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G_QtMGIczhMC&pg=PA35"><i>Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience</i></a>. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 35–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-092-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-092-1"><bdi>978-81-8069-092-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Pearson Education India. 2010. pp. 334–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-317-2567-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-317-2567-2"><bdi>978-81-317-2567-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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color:white;;width:1%">Prime Ministers of Janata Dal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inder_Kumar_Gujral" title="Inder Kumar Gujral">Inder Kumar Gujral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H. D. Deve Gowda</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Janata_Dal_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Janata Dal's Election Symbol"><img alt="Janata Dal's Election Symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Janata_Dal_symbol.svg/50px-Janata_Dal_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Janata_Dal_symbol.svg/75px-Janata_Dal_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Janata_Dal_symbol.svg/100px-Janata_Dal_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="297" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Janata_Parivar_parties163" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Janata_Parivar" title="Template:Janata Parivar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Janata_Parivar" title="Template talk:Janata Parivar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Janata_Parivar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Janata Parivar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Janata_Parivar_parties163" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Janata_Parivar" title="Janata Parivar">Janata Parivar</a> parties</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties in <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Developmental_Inclusive_Alliance" title="Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance">INDIA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Party" title="Samajwadi Party">Samajwadi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal" title="Rashtriya Janata Dal">Rashtriya Janata Dal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties in <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">NDA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">Janata Dal (United)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_Awam_Morcha" title="Hindustani Awam Morcha">Hindustani Awam Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Secular)" title="Janata Dal (Secular)">Janata Dal (Secular)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Dal" title="Rashtriya Lok Dal">Rashtriya Lok Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Janshakti_Party" title="Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party">Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Janata_Dal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtriya Lok Janata Dal">Rashtriya Lok Janata Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Janshakti_Party_(Ram_Vilas)" title="Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)">Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biju_Janata_Dal" title="Biju Janata Dal">Biju Janata Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Lok_Dal" title="Indian National Lok Dal">Indian National Lok Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jannayak_Janta_Party" title="Jannayak Janta Party">Jannayak Janta Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_People%27s_Party" title="Bihar People's Party">Bihar People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Lok_Dal" title="Bharatiya Lok Dal">Bharatiya Lok Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Lok_Samta_Party" title="Rashtriya Lok Samta Party">Rashtriya Lok Samta Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragatisheel_Samajwadi_Party_(Lohiya)" title="Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya)">Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokdal" title="Lokdal">Lokdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loktantrik_Janata_Dal" title="Loktantrik Janata Dal">Loktantrik Janata Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Adhikar_Party_(Loktantrik)" title="Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)">Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a> * <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Janata Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Ajit)" title="Janata Dal (Ajit)">Janata Dal (Ajit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Gujarat)" title="Janata Dal (Gujarat)">Janata Dal (Gujarat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Left)" title="Janata Dal (Left)">Janata Dal (Left)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Party_(Secular)" title="Janata Party (Secular)">Janata Party (Secular)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Morcha" title="Jan Morcha">Jan Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jansatta_Dal_(Loktantrik)" title="Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik)">Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Shakti" title="Lok Shakti">Lok Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samata_Party" title="Samata Party">Samata Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Janata_Dal" title="Socialist Janata Dal">Socialist Janata Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Janata_Dal_(Democratic)" title="Samajwadi Janata Dal (Democratic)">Samajwadi Janata Dal (Democratic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Janata_Party_(Rashtriya)" title="Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)">Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samras_Samaj_Party" title="Samras Samaj Party">Samras Samaj Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Janata_(Democratic)" title="Socialist Janata (Democratic)">Socialist Janata (Democratic)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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