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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ingia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tovuti"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Yaliyomo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Yaliyomo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Mwanzo</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Falsafa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Falsafa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Falsafa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Falsafa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sintaksia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sintaksia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sintaksia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sintaksia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mifano_ya_Visual_Basic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mifano_ya_Visual_Basic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mifano ya Visual Basic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mifano_ya_Visual_Basic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marejeo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marejeo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Marejeo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marejeo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Yaliyomo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Visual Basic</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Nenda kwenye makala kwa lugha nyingine. Lugha 68 zinapatikana" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lugha 68</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83" title="فيجوال بيسك – Kiarabu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيجوال بيسك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Kiarabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83" title="فجوال بيسك – Kiarabu cha Misri" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فجوال بيسك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Kiarabu cha Misri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kiazerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Kiazerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kibulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Kibulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95" title="ভিজুয়াল বেসিক – Kibengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভিজুয়াল বেসিক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Kibengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kibosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Kibosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kikatalani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Kikatalani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kicheki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Kicheki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kidenmaki" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Kidenmaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_Classic" title="Visual Basic Classic – Kijerumani" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Visual Basic Classic" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Kijerumani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kigiriki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Kigiriki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic) – Kiingereza" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Visual Basic (classic)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Kiingereza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kiesperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Kiesperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kihispania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Kihispania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kiestonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Kiestonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kibaski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Kibaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ویژوال بیسیک – Kiajemi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویژوال بیسیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Kiajemi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kifini" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Kifini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kifaransa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Kifaransa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kiayalandi" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Kiayalandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%27%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A7" title="ויז'ואל בייסיק – Kiebrania" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויז'ואל בייסיק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Kiebrania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="विज़ुअल बेसिक – Kihindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विज़ुअल बेसिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Kihindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kikorasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kikorasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kihungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Kihungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kiarmenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Kiarmenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kiindonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Kiindonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_(klasika)" title="Visual Basic (klasika) – Kiido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Visual Basic (klasika)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Kiido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kiitaliano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Kiitaliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kijapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Kijapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kijojia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Kijojia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EC%A3%BC%EC%96%BC_%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%81" title="비주얼 베이직 – Kikorea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비주얼 베이직" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Kikorea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kikurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kikurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kikyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kikyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kilatvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Kilatvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kimacedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Kimacedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="വിഷ്വൽ ബേസിക് – Kimalayalamu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിഷ്വൽ ബേസിക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Kimalayalamu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kimalei" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Kimalei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kiburma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Kiburma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="भिजुअल बेसिक – Kinepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भिजुअल बेसिक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Kinepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="भिजुअल बेसिक – Kinewari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भिजुअल बेसिक" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Kinewari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kiholanzi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Kiholanzi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kinorwe cha Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Kinorwe cha Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kinorwe cha Bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Kinorwe cha Bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kipolandi" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Kipolandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kireno" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Kireno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kiromania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Kiromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kirusi" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Kirusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A" title="විෂුවල් බේසික් – Kisinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විෂුවල් බේසික්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Kisinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kislovakia" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Kislovakia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kislovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Kislovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kialbania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Kialbania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kiserbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Kiserbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kiswidi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Kiswidi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="விசுவல் பேசிக் – Kitamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விசுவல் பேசிக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Kitamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_basic" title="Visual basic – Kitetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Visual basic" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Kitetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kitajiki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Kitajiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ภาษาวิชวลเบสิก – Kithai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาวิชวลเบสิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Kithai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kituruki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Kituruki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kitatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Kitatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kiukraini" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Kiukraini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="ویژول بیسک – Kiurdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویژول بیسک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Kiurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kiuzbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Kiuzbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kivietinamu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Kivietinamu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kichina cha Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Kichina cha Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A7" title="וויזועל בייסיק – Kiyiddi" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וויזועל בייסיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Kiyiddi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kichina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kichina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic – Kikantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Visual Basic" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kikantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2378#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Hariri viungo vya lugha zingine" class="wbc-editpage">Hariri viungo</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Maeneo ya wiki"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Onyesha kurasa zilizopo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Makala</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majadiliano:Visual_Basic&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Mazungumzo kuhusu makala (bado haujaandikwa) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Majadiliano</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Badilisha lahaja ya lugha" > <label 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Vitendo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic"><span>Soma</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic&veaction=edit" title="Hariri ukurasa huu na VisualEditor [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Hariri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic&action=edit" title="Hariri chanzo msimbo za ukurasa huu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Hariri chanzo</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic&action=history"><span>Fungua historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Kijumla </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:VingoViungavyoUkurasahuu/Visual_Basic" title="Orodha ya kurasa zote za Wiki zilizounganishwa na ukurasa huu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Viungo viungavyo ukurasa huu</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:RecentChangesLinked/Visual_Basic" rel="nofollow" title="Mabadiliko ya karibuni ya katika kurasa zilizounganishwa na ukurasa huu [k]" 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<div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Zana za ukurasa"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Mandhari"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mandhari</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:05VBVB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/05VBVB.jpg/220px-05VBVB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/05VBVB.jpg/330px-05VBVB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/05VBVB.jpg/440px-05VBVB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="618" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </th></tr> <tr> <th><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Shina la studio</span> </th> <td>namna : inaozingatiwa kuhusu kipengee </td></tr> <tr> <th>Imeanzishwa </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Januari_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Januari 1">Januari 1</a> <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1991-01-01</span>)</span><span class="noprint"> (umri 33)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mwanzilishi </th> <td>Microsoft </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ilivyo sasa </th> <td>Ilivutwa na: Basic <p>Ilivuta: Visual Basic .NET, Gambas, Xojo, Basic4ppc and NS Basic </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mahala </th> <td>Microsoft Windows </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Tovuti</span> </th> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.microsoft.com">https://www.microsoft.com</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Visual Basic</b> au <b>VB</b> ni <a href="/wiki/Lugha_ya_programu" title="Lugha ya programu">lugha ya programu</a>. Iliundwa na <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> na ilianzishwa <a href="/wiki/Mwaka" title="Mwaka">mwaka</a> wa <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>. Iliundwa ili kuumba <a href="/wiki/Programu" class="mw-redirect" title="Programu">programu</a> kwa <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows</a> Microsoft. Leo tunatumia Visual Basic 6.0. Ilivutwa na Basic. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Hariri sehemu: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ilianzishwa mwaka wa 1991 nchini <a href="/wiki/Marekani" title="Marekani">Marekani</a>. Alan Cooper alikuwa mtu aliyeshiriki kuumba Visual Basic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Falsafa">Falsafa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Hariri sehemu: Falsafa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Falsafa"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Namna ya Visual Basic ni ile inaozingatiwa kuhusu kipengee. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sintaksia">Sintaksia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Hariri sehemu: Sintaksia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Sintaksia"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sintaksia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sintaksia">Sintaksia</a> ya Visual Basic ni ngumu sana; inafananishwa na lugha za programu nyingine kama <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, <a href="/wiki/Python_(Lugha_ya_programu)" title="Python (Lugha ya programu)">Python</a> au <a href="/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby">Ruby</a>. Ilivutwa na sintaksia ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basic (bado haujaandikwa)">Basic</a>, lugha ya programu nyingine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mifano_ya_Visual_Basic">Mifano ya Visual Basic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Hariri sehemu: Mifano ya Visual Basic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Mifano ya Visual Basic"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Programu kwa kuchapa « Jambo ulimwengu !».</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-vbnet mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Sub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Form_Load</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="c">' Inachapa sanduku ya ujumbe ambao inasema "Jambo ulimwengu !"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MsgBox</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Jambo ulimwengu !"</span> <span class="k">End</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Sub</span> </pre></div><p>Programu kwa kuchapa kifaa.</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-vbnet mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Option</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Explicit</span> <span class="k">Dim</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">As</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Integer</span> <span class="k">Private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Sub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Form_Load</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Timer1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Interval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="k">End</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Sub</span> <span class="k">Private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Sub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Timer1_Timer</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Label1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Caption</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Count</span> <span class="k">End</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">Sub</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marejeo">Marejeo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Hariri sehemu: Marejeo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Marejeo"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Root, Randal; Romero Sweeney, Mary (2006). A tester's guide to .NET programming. Apress. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/9781590596005" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-59059-600-5</a>. "You can choose a language based on how easy it is to learn. For beginners, Visual Basic is a good choice. [~snip] A big advantage of Visual Basic is that it is a popular language since it is easy to learn."</li> <li>Microsoft Visual Basic Programmer's Guide Version 3.0 - Microsoft Corporation 1993 Denning, Adam (2015-06-22).</li> <li>"Getting ready for Windows 10 – SDKs, compatibility, bridges". Building Apps for Windows blog. Retrieved 2015-08-02.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Rudishwa kutoka "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic&oldid=1366769">https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Visual_Basic&oldid=1366769</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Jamii" title="Maalum:Jamii">Jamii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Kompyuta" title="Jamii:Kompyuta">Kompyuta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Lugha_za_programu" title="Jamii:Lugha za programu">Lugha za programu</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Jamii iliofichwa: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Jamii:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ukurasa huu umebadilishwa kwa mara ya mwisho tarehe 23 Novemba 2024, saa 17:11.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Maandishi yanapatikana chini ya leseni ya <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; matakwa mengine yanaweza kutakiwa. 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