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Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" > 11 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8_2012_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88" title="انقلاب 2012 في غينيا بيساو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انقلاب 2012 في غينيا بيساو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cop_d%27estat_a_Guinea_Bissau_de_2012" title="Cop d'estat a Guinea Bissau de 2012 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cop d'estat a Guinea Bissau de 2012" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golpe_de_Estado_en_Guinea-Bis%C3%A1u_de_2012" title="Golpe de Estado en Guinea-Bisáu de 2012 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Golpe de Estado en Guinea-Bisáu de 2012" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%89tat_de_2012_en_Guin%C3%A9e-Bissau" title="Coup d'État de 2012 en Guinée-Bissau – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coup d'État de 2012 en Guinée-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rampasan_kuasa_Guinea-Bissau_2012" title="Rampasan kuasa Guinea-Bissau 2012 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rampasan kuasa Guinea-Bissau 2012" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%AB%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A8%DB%90%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%AF_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B2_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="د ګېني-بېساو د ۲۰۱۲ کال کودتا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ګېني-بېساو د ۲۰۱۲ کال کودتا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamach_stanu_w_Gwinei_Bissau_(2012)" title="Zamach stanu w Gwinei Bissau (2012) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zamach stanu w Gwinei Bissau (2012)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golpe_de_Estado_na_Guin%C3%A9-Bissau_em_2012" title="Golpe de Estado na Guiné-Bissau em 2012 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Golpe de Estado na Guiné-Bissau em 2012" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83_(2012)" title="Государственный переворот в Гвинее-Бисау (2012) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Государственный переворот в Гвинее-Бисау (2012)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5-%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2555" title="รัฐประหารในประเทศกินี-บิสเซา พ.ศ. 2555 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military overthrow of interim President Raimundo Pereira</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">2012 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Guinea-Bissau-CIA_WFB_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Guinea-Bissau-CIA_WFB_Map.png/300px-Guinea-Bissau-CIA_WFB_Map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Guinea-Bissau-CIA_WFB_Map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="353" /></a> Map of Guinea-Bissau</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>12 April 2012</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=2012_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&params=11_51_50_N_15_35_06_W_type:event">11°51′50″N 15°35′06″W / 11.86389°N 15.58500°W / 11.86389; -15.58500</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a> seized by military command</li> <li>Military command seizes control of state media</li> <li>Arrest of presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Gomes_J%C3%BAnior" title="Carlos Gomes Júnior">Carlos Gomes Júnior</a> and interim President <a href="/wiki/Raimundo_Pereira" title="Raimundo Pereira">Raimundo Pereira</a></li> <li>Dissolution of state institutions</li> <li>Aborted election</li> <li>Interim transitional government led by <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Serifo_Nhamadjo" title="Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo">Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo</a>, after consensus acting Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Rui_Duarte_de_Barros" title="Rui Duarte de Barros">Rui Duarte de Barros</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Guinea-Bissau">Civilian administration</a> (including <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Election_Commission_(Guinea-Bissau)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Election Commission (Guinea-Bissau) (page does not exist)">Election Commission</a>) <a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Emblem_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/21px-Emblem_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Emblem_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/32px-Emblem_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Emblem_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/42px-Emblem_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="423" /></a> Civil society <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Police <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde" title="African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde">PAIGC</a> <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola"><img alt="Angola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Angolan_Armed_Forces" title="Angolan Armed Forces">Angolan Military</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Military_flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Military_flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Military_flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Military_flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Military_flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Military_flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="202" /> <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Guinea-Bissau">Military Command</a> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> National Transitional Council</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Raimundo_Pereira" title="Raimundo Pereira">Raimundo Pereira</a> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Adiato_Djal%C3%B3_Nandigna" title="Adiato Djaló Nandigna">Adiato Djaló Nandigna</a> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Gomes_J%C3%BAnior" title="Carlos Gomes Júnior">Carlos Gomes Júnior</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ial%C3%A1_Embal%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohamed Ialá Embaló">Mohamed Ialá Embaló</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Military_flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Military_flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Military_flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Military_flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Military_flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Military_flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="202" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tcham_Na_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tcham Na Man (page does not exist)">Tcham Na Man</a> <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola"><img alt="Angola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A2ndido_Pereira_dos_Santos_Van-D%C3%BAnem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cândido Pereira dos Santos Van-Dúnem (page does not exist)">Cândido Pereira dos Santos Van-Dúnem</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Up to 200 (Angolan troops)<a href="#cite_note-nyt2-1">[1]</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 50%+ of the Armed Forces (predominantly <a href="/wiki/Balanta_people" title="Balanta people">Balanta</a> members of the army)<a href="#cite_note-reuters2-2">[2]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> On 12 April 2012, a <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> was staged by elements of the armed forces about two weeks before the second round of a <a href="/wiki/2012_Guinea-Bissau_presidential_election" title="2012 Guinea-Bissau presidential election">presidential election</a> between <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Gomes_J%C3%BAnior" title="Carlos Gomes Júnior">Carlos Gomes Júnior</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kumba_Ial%C3%A1" title="Kumba Ialá">Kumba Ialá</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ap-3">[3]</a> The coup started in the evening with military personnel and equipment making its way onto the streets, followed by the state-owned media being taken off-air. Both second-round candidates and the incumbent president were initially arrested by the junta. Members of the Military Council, which ran the country until an interim National Transitional Council was established on 15 April, said that one of the reasons for the coup was the incumbent civilian administration's call for Angolan help to reform the military. Following international condemnation and sanctions against leaders of the junta, an agreement was signed that led to the third place candidate in the election, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Serifo_Nhamadjo" title="Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo">Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo</a>, being selected as interim president. The presidential election was aborted and postponed for at least two years into the future. An interim government was tasked with administering Guinea-Bissau in the meantime. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> The media and international think-tanks have highlighted the country's instability<a href="#cite_note-fate-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> and labelled it a <a href="/wiki/Narcostate" class="mw-redirect" title="Narcostate">narcostate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost1-6">[6]</a> The country has frequently featured military involvement in civil administration <a href="/wiki/History_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="History of Guinea-Bissau">since independence</a> from <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> As such, the events leading up to the 2012 coup include <a href="/wiki/2010_Guinea-Bissau_military_unrest" title="2010 Guinea-Bissau military unrest">military unrest in 2010</a> and a <a href="/wiki/2011_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="2011 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">failed coup attempt in 2011</a>. The latter followed infighting between the country's <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Guinea-Bissau">Navy and the Army</a>. Guinea-Bissau's instability is also exacerbated as a transit point for drug shipments from Latin America to Europe<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> and allegations exist that government ministers and military personnel are bribed to keep silent.<a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost1-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Following the death of President <a href="/wiki/Malam_Bacai_Sanh%C3%A1" title="Malam Bacai Sanhá">Malam Bacai Sanhá</a> on 9 January 2012, a new <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_presidential_election,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea-Bissau presidential election, 2012">election</a> was scheduled to be held within 90 days in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Constitution of Guinea-Bissau">constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Despite a peaceful campaign, there were external fears of possible violence or a coup d'état if the army did not approve of the winner. In this regard, UN Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a> called for a "peaceful, orderly and transparent" election.<a href="#cite_note-news24-11">[11]</a> Just before the attack, presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Kumba_Ial%C3%A1" title="Kumba Ialá">Kumba Ialá</a>, who claimed to have ties with members of his <a href="/wiki/Balanta_people" title="Balanta people">Balanta</a> ethnic group, who are the <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Demographics of Guinea-Bissau">largest ethnicity</a> in the military, warned of "consequences" if there was campaigning for the second round of the election due to his allegations of fraud in the first round that were unanswered.<a href="#cite_note-reuters2-2">[2]</a> The first round result was rejected by five of the nine candidates.<a href="#cite_note-un-12">[12]</a> Campaigning was due to start on 13 April for the second round,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> until its disruption as a result of the coup d'état. Days before the coup, fellow <a href="/wiki/Lusophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusophone">Lusophone</a> country Angola announced its forces would be ending the two-year-old <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angolan_Military_Mission_in_Guinea_Bissau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angolan Military Mission in Guinea Bissau (page does not exist)">Angolan Military Mission in Guinea Bissau</a> (MISSANG)<a href="#cite_note-reuters2-2">[2]</a> that followed a similar failed effort by the European Union<a href="#cite_note-nyt2-1">[1]</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Integrated_Peacebuilding_Office_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau">United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau</a> (UNIOGBIS).<a href="#cite_note-reuters2-2">[2]</a> State-owned Angolan news agency <a href="/wiki/ANGOP" class="mw-redirect" title="ANGOP">ANGOP</a> said that the Angolan troops were sent to Guinea-Bissau in March 2011 in accordance with a bilateral military agreement to reform the armed forces.<a href="#cite_note-fari-14">[14]</a> On 16 April, Guinea-Bissau Defense Minister <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jorge_Tolentino_Ara%C3%BAjo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jorge Tolentino Araújo (page does not exist)">Jorge Tolentino Araújo</a> was scheduled to arrive in Angola to meet his counterpart <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A2ndido_Pereira_dos_Santos_Van-D%C3%BAnem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cândido Pereira dos Santos Van-Dúnem (page does not exist)">Cândido Pereira dos Santos Van-Dúnem</a> and the Army Chief-of-Staff <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geraldo_Sachipengo_Nunda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geraldo Sachipengo Nunda (page does not exist)">Geraldo Sachipengo Nunda</a>. He was also expected to visit the Higher Warfare School (ESG) and the Higher Technical Military Institute (ISTM).<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The same day as the coup, the two Lusophone countries of Angola and Cape Verde agreed to review their defense cooperation agreements.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Presidential candidate and former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Gomes_J%C3%BAnior" title="Carlos Gomes Júnior">Carlos Gomes Júnior</a> was also unpopular with the army for his attempts to reform the institution.<a href="#cite_note-euro-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rationale">Rationale</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rationale">edit</a>]</div> According to Portugal's <a href="/wiki/SIC_Not%C3%ADcias" title="SIC Notícias">SIC Notícias</a>,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> a day before the coup an unidentified military commander claimed Gomes Júnior would allow Angolan troops into the country. He also claimed that soldiers possessed a "secret document" that allowed the Guinea-Bissau government to sanction an Angolan attack on Guinea-Bissau's military.<a href="#cite_note-ap-3">[3]</a> The leaders of the junta released an unsigned communique<a href="#cite_note-euro-17">[17]</a> that read they "did not have ambitions of power" and that the coup was a reaction to the alleged agreement with Angola because the 200 military trainers would "annihilate Guinea-Bissau's armed forces."<a href="#cite_note-aljazpostcoup-19">[19]</a> The spokesman for the junta that took over after the coup, Lieutenant-Colonel Daha Bana na Walna later said that Gomes Júnior and Pereira were ousted because of "unease" in the armed forces over the election, a sentiment echoed by diplomats.<a href="#cite_note-euro-17">[17]</a> Gomes Junior was also viewed as the "candidate of Angola" in the election, according to <a href="/wiki/Chatham_House" title="Chatham House">Chatham House</a>'s Africa director Alex Vines. He also said that the months leading up to the events featured media commentary and hostility towards Angola.<a href="#cite_note-voa-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coup_d'etat">Coup d'etat</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Coup d'etat">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlos_Gomes_Junior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Carlos_Gomes_Junior.jpg/200px-Carlos_Gomes_Junior.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Carlos_Gomes_Junior.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="276" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption>Presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Gomes_J%C3%BAnior" title="Carlos Gomes Júnior">Carlos Gomes Júnior</a>'s house was attacked during the coup and he was later arrested.</figcaption></figure> On 12 April, gunfire was heard between 19:00 and 21:00,<a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost1-6">[6]</a> as mutinous troops attempted to overthrow the government by seizing control of the centre of the capital <a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a>. Initial reports by diplomats in the country said presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Gomes_J%C3%BAnior" title="Carlos Gomes Júnior">Carlos Gomes Júnior</a> and interim President <a href="/wiki/Raimundo_Pereira" title="Raimundo Pereira">Raimundo Pereira</a> were missing. The mutineers seized control of the offices of the incumbent <a href="/wiki/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde" title="African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde">African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde</a> (PAIGC) and radio stations. They also fought police officers loyal to the government, forcing them to retreat after coming under fire from RPGs. The soldiers blocked the roads into and out of the capital city<a href="#cite_note-aljaz-21">[21]</a> and the national radio and television was taken off-air<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> at 20:00.<a href="#cite_note-ap-3">[3]</a> The perpetrators of the coup targeted Gomes Júnior's residence,<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> which was attacked by grenades<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> and surrounded by troops, as gunfire was heard nearby.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Journalists were also prevented from approaching the scene.<a href="#cite_note-aljaz-21">[21]</a> Camilo Lima da Costa, the son of the head of the national election commission <a href="/wiki/Desejado_Lima_da_Costa" title="Desejado Lima da Costa">Desejado Lima da Costa</a>, told <a href="/wiki/RDP_%C3%81frica" title="RDP África">RDP África</a>, one of the radio stations still broadcasting, that the soldiers had looted his father's house but that both his parents were safe.<a href="#cite_note-reuters2-2">[2]</a> Soldiers ransacked and looted other houses they raided as well.<a href="#cite_note-euro-17">[17]</a> Soldiers also sealed off the embassies to prevent members of the government from fleeing and hiding with foreign diplomats.<a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost1-6">[6]</a> Several unnamed politicians were arrested during the night by the army.<a href="#cite_note-voa-20">[20]</a> Peter Thompson, the head of the U.K. Electoral Observation Mission in the country for the election, described the situation on the night of the coup as "a very large presence of the military in the streets. It did seem quite coordinated last night in terms of how the roads were shut off...Today the streets are very calm, the city is much quieter than it normally would be. People are staying home. I do know that the army has taken control of the state media and state television, and they haven't released anything official."<a href="#cite_note-aljaz-21">[21]</a> There was speculation on Senegal's <a href="/w/index.php?title=RFM_radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RFM radio (page does not exist)">RFM radio</a> by reporter Noah Mankali<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> that Gomes Júnior had been assassinated by the army during the night by soldiers from the same Balanta ethnic group as Ialá Embaló.<a href="#cite_note-voa-20">[20]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guinea_Bissaus_interim_President_Raimundo_Pereira_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Guinea_Bissaus_interim_President_Raimundo_Pereira_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Guinea_Bissaus_interim_President_Raimundo_Pereira_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Guinea_Bissaus_interim_President_Raimundo_Pereira_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Guinea_Bissaus_interim_President_Raimundo_Pereira_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Guinea_Bissaus_interim_President_Raimundo_Pereira_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-Guinea_Bissaus_interim_President_Raimundo_Pereira_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="796" /></a><figcaption>Interim President <a href="/wiki/Raimundo_Pereira" title="Raimundo Pereira">Raimundo Pereira</a>, who was also arrested during the coup</figcaption></figure> An unnamed number of government ministers, as well as the Director General of the Judicial Police <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C3%A3o_Biague&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="João Biague (page does not exist)">João Biague</a>,<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> were in hiding. Interior Minister <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Gomes_(politician)" title="Fernando Gomes (politician)">Fernando Gomes</a>, who may have been in the custody of the mutinous soldiers, said he "feared for his life."<a href="#cite_note-nyt-28">[28]</a> On 14 April, Lusa journalist Antonio Aly Silva told the outlet that he had been arrested for a short while, but was later released at the same time as singer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dulce_Neves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dulce Neves (page does not exist)">Dulce Neves</a> and many of Gomes Junior's bodyguards.<a href="#cite_note-Reactions-29">[29]</a> Senegal closed its land border with Guinea-Bissau on 13 April.<a href="#cite_note-fari-14">[14]</a> People began to venture out of their homes at dawn and there appeared to be little to no presence of soldiers on the streets and no messages over radio or television from either the government or the coup leaders.<a href="#cite_note-bbbc-30">[30]</a> There was an "unusual" quiet in Bissau, although photographs showed a big hole in Gomes Júnior's residence as a result of the attack.<a href="#cite_note-nyt2-1">[1]</a> Soldiers were seen standing guard outside radio and television stations,<a href="#cite_note-nyt-28">[28]</a> including the state-run television office, and the presidential offices in Bissau.<a href="#cite_note-reuters2-2">[2]</a> An overnight curfew was imposed the following day with orders for the members of the civilian government to turn themselves over to the army. Private radio stations were also shut.<a href="#cite_note-aljazpostcoup-19">[19]</a> On 14 April, some businesses started to reopen but they closed early in accordance with the curfew.<a href="#cite_note-paigc-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath_and_National_Unity_Government">Aftermath and National Unity Government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath and National Unity Government">edit</a>]</div> The coup leaders formed the "Military Command" under the leadership of the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces General <a href="/wiki/Mamadu_Ture_Kuruma" title="Mamadu Ture Kuruma">Mamadu Ture Kuruma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cplp-32">[32]</a> The next day, they put forth conditions for a <a href="/wiki/National_unity_government" title="National unity government">national unity government</a><a href="#cite_note-aljazpostcoup-19">[19]</a> after having announced the ouster of Gomes Júnior.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Its goals were: the removal of obstacles to reforming the security sector; fighting drug trafficking and consumption; overcoming a culture of impunity; and the continuation of enhancing the democratic process.<a href="#cite_note-un-12">[12]</a> Interim President Raimundo Pereira and the Chief-of-Staff of the Armed Forces General <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Indjai" title="Antonio Indjai">Antonio Indjai</a> were "under the control of the army,"<a href="#cite_note-euro-17">[17]</a> however there were rumours circulating that Indjai could be hiding and that soldiers were going to every embassy looking for him.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-34">[34]</a> Indjai's spokesman Daba Naualna said that Periera and Gomes Júnior were "well and alive" and added that "the [army chief-of-staff] thinks, for the sake of the country, that power cannot fall into the streets and decided to have [the military] play its part in seeking solutions with the political class to resolve this crisis."<a href="#cite_note-cnn-35">[35]</a> The Military Command later announced that they were also holding Ialá Embaló.<a href="#cite_note-NTC-36">[36]</a> The detained officials were later released.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-37">[37]</a> The UN later reported that the head of the Supreme Court and the Election Commission were also in hiding, along with three unnamed cabinet ministers.<a href="#cite_note-un-12">[12]</a> Senior officers of the army also met the leaders of the political parties and called on them to form the transitional government, but added that the army would control the defence and interior ministries. The meeting was also attended by: Indjai, who was later arrested; the deputy chief-of-staff General Mamadu Ture Kuruma; the heads of the army, air force and navy; the army's spokesman Lieutenant-Colonel Daha Bana na Walna<a href="#cite_note-euro-17">[17]</a> and four colonels. However, there was no one from the incumbent PAIGC.<a href="#cite_note-aljazpostcoup-19">[19]</a> Consultations with 23 parliamentary and extra-parliamentary parties discussed issues such as: a transitional government including, an interim president and head of the National Assembly, as well as a PAIGC-nominated prime minister other than the incumbent and a government of national unity inclusive of all parties; and the dissolution of the National Assembly with a government led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) under interim leadership.<a href="#cite_note-un-12">[12]</a> The five leading opposition candidates (Mohamed Ialá Embaló, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Serifo_Nhamadjo" title="Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo">Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henrique_Rosa" title="Henrique Rosa">Henrique Rosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baciro_Dj%C3%A1" title="Baciro Djá">Baciro Djá</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicente_Fernandes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicente Fernandes (page does not exist)">Vicente Fernandes</a>) announced at a joint news conference that the boycott of the second round of the election would be in the name of "justice."<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agnela_Regalla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agnela Regalla (page does not exist)">Agnela Regalla</a> of <a href="/wiki/Union_for_Change" title="Union for Change">Union for Change</a>, who also attended the meeting, said that "the military chiefs suggested the idea of new presidential and legislative elections."<a href="#cite_note-euro-17">[17]</a> The spokesman for the coalition of opposition parties, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernando_Vaz_(politics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernando Vaz (politics) (page does not exist)">Fernando Vaz</a>, said that discussion continued for a third day and that the grouping had invited PAIGC to participate.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> After the meeting the coalition agreed upon a set of proposals to put forward to the Military Command for a transitional unity government.<a href="#cite_note-cplp-32">[32]</a> There were some small protests supporting Gomes Júnior in downtown Bissau, although, according to Peter Thompson, soldiers arrested several of the protesters and put roadblocks on the streets. PAIGC, commenting on the transitional government, said that it "rejects any anti-constitutional or anti-democratic proposal of a solution to the crisis," while also calling for the release of those detained.<a href="#cite_note-paigc-31">[31]</a> Tensions mounted within PAIGC between factions supporting Gomes Júnior and Nhamadjo.<a href="#cite_note-un-12">[12]</a> On 15 April, a demonstration of about 30 people at the National Assembly, where talks on a transition government were ongoing, was dispersed by soldiers. The <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Workers_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="National Union of Workers of Guinea-Bissau">National Union of Workers of Guinea-Bissau</a>, which has a membership of about 8,000 mostly civil servants, called for a <a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">general strike</a> the next day. On 16 April, an agreement, which intentionally excluded PAIGC, was reached with 22 of the 35 opposition parties to set up a National Transitional Council. According to Vaz, the size, composition and mandate period would be determined the following day and then discussed with the Military Command. He also said that existing institutions would be dissolved and that two committees would run the country, one would manage foreign affairs and the other would handle social affairs. The former committee was due to meet the <a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_West_African_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Community of West African States">Economic Community of West African States</a> (ECOWAS) the following day.<a href="#cite_note-NTC-36">[36]</a> The transitional civilian government will rule up to two years before new elections will be held.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> National Assembly speaker <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Serifo_Nhamadjo" title="Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo">Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo</a>, who had previously rejected the office of interim president in April 2012,<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> was again selected as interim president on 11 May 2012.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sory_Djal%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sory Djaló (page does not exist)">Sory Djaló</a> was the speaker of the NTC.<a href="#cite_note-un-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reactions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic">Domestic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Domestic">edit</a>]</div> At an ECOWAS summit in Ivory Coast convened to discuss the <a href="/wiki/2012_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2012 Malian coup d'état">Malian crisis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-euro-17">[17]</a> Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Mamadu_Saliu_Djal%C3%B3_Pires" title="Mamadu Saliu Djaló Pires">Mamadu Saliu Djaló Pires</a>, upon learning of the events unfolding in his country, called for international support as "the situation is serious. The soldiers are occupying the streets. I spoke to the interim Prime Minister [<a href="/wiki/Adiato_Djal%C3%B3_Nandigna" title="Adiato Djaló Nandigna">Adiato Djaló Nandigna</a>] and she said she was under fire"<a href="#cite_note-aljaz-21">[21]</a> and added that the <a href="/wiki/International_community" title="International community">international community</a> should have an "energetic reaction" to the coup.<a href="#cite_note-euro-17">[17]</a> Pires also dismissed claims that Indjai was arrested suggesting that he was, in fact, a part of it<a href="#cite_note-cplp-32">[32]</a> (he was also involved in the 2010 military unrest before being appointed chief-of-staff).<a href="#cite_note-aljaz-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International">International</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: International">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Supranational">Supranational</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Supranational">edit</a>]</div> During the early hours of the event, the Foreign Minister of Ivory Coast (the host country of ECOWAS) <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kablan_Duncan" title="Daniel Kablan Duncan">Daniel Kablan Duncan</a> said that the "information indicates to us that there is a coup underway. ECOWAS formally and rigorously condemns such an attempted coup d'etat,"<a href="#cite_note-aljaz-21">[21]</a> he added that "it's sad that after the example of Senegal, where the <a href="/wiki/Senegalese_presidential_election,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Senegalese presidential election, 2012">elections</a> finished so well, that we have, after Mali, a new forceful intervention in Guinea-Bissau. What I can say at this moment is that...the situation won't be accepted by ECOWAS."<a href="#cite_note-bbbc-30">[30]</a> ECOWAS Commission President <a href="/wiki/Kadr%C3%A9_D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Ouedraogo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo">Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo</a> issued a statement that read: "The commission firmly denounces this latest incursion by the military into politics and unreservedly condemns the irresponsible act, which has once more demonstrated their penchant to maintain Guinea-Bissau as a failed state."<a href="#cite_note-fate-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> ECOWAS later decided to send a contingent of military personnel in order to provide security. The delegation, which would also include civilians, would be led by Guinean President <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Cond%C3%A9" title="Alpha Condé">Alpha Condé</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Reactions-29">[29]</a> ECOWAS also said the election runoff should go ahead.<a href="#cite_note-NTC-36">[36]</a> ECOWAS constitutes a contact group, chaired by Nigeria and comprising delegations from Benin, Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea, Senegal and Togo, to coordinate its efforts at resolving the crisis. ECOWAS also had a standby force to fill a vacuum that could be left by the departing MISSANG force, as well as considering <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a> recommendations.<a href="#cite_note-un-12">[12]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> (which <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="List of members of the United Nations Security Council">included</a> the former colonial mother country Portugal) unanimously condemned the coup with a resolution that stated "the forcible seizure of power from the legitimate government of Guinea-Bissau by some elements of its armed forces. [We] firmly denounce this incursion by the military into politics".<a href="#cite_note-euro-17">[17]</a> The President of the UNSC, U.S. Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Susan_Rice" title="Susan Rice">Susan Rice</a>, said "the [UN] Secretariat urged the international community to address the cycle of violence and impunity in Guinea-Bissau"<a href="#cite_note-fari-14">[14]</a> and also called for "the immediate restoration of civilian authority<a href="#cite_note-aljazpostcoup-19">[19]</a>...[We] note with profound regret that these events are occurring just prior to the launch of the campaign for the second round of the presidential election".<a href="#cite_note-bbc-34">[34]</a> Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a> said that he was "extremely concerned" about the arrests of the civilian leadership, while his spokesman Martin Nesirky said that Ki-Moon called for the mutineers "to immediately and unconditionally release all detainees and ensure the safety and security of the general population."<a href="#cite_note-aljazpostcoup-19">[19]</a> The UNSC unanimously voted to "restore constitutional order" in the country and approved Resolution 2048 with sanctions, including issuing travel bans on the <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_passport" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic passport">diplomatic passports</a>, on five members of the <a href="/wiki/Military_junta" title="Military junta">military junta</a> on 18 May.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The five members sanctioned were: General Antonio Indjai, Major General Mamadu Ture Kuruma, Inspector-General of the Armed Forces General Estêvão na Mena, Chief of Staff of the Air Force Brigadier General Ibraima Camara and MC spokesman Lieutenant Colonel Daha Bana na Walna.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-37">[37]</a> In December, the UNSC expressed concern over the transition process back towards civilian administration.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The UN recommended steps to ensuring a "way forward" entailed: mediation between national actors, targeted sanctions on the perpetrators, the deployment of training and protections forces in accordance with the ECOWAS/CPLP road map or the recommendation of the incumbent prime minister and foreign minister for a peacekeeping force.<a href="#cite_note-un-12">[12]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Community of Portuguese Language Countries</a> (CPLP) called an extraordinary meeting to take place in Lisbon on 14 April.<a href="#cite_note-euro-17">[17]</a> The meeting was to be attended by the foreign ministers of the member countries: Angola's <a href="/wiki/Georges_Rebelo_Chicoti" class="mw-redirect" title="Georges Rebelo Chicoti">Georges Rebelo Chicoti</a>, Brazil's <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Patriota" title="Antonio Patriota">Antonio Patriota</a>, Guinea-Bissau's Mamadou Djalo Pires, Mozambique's <a href="/wiki/Oldemiro_Julio_Marques_Baloi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oldemiro Julio Marques Baloi">Oldemiro Julio Marques Baloi</a> and Portugal's <a href="/wiki/Paulo_Portas" title="Paulo Portas">Paulo Portas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cnn-35">[35]</a> The CPLP also condemned the coup and exhorted the UN, <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> (AU) and ECOWAS to work towards restoring the "constitutional order" of Guinea-Bissau. They further called for a cessation of military actions that threatened the state or the "legality" of Guinea-Bissau.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> At the CPLP meet in Lisbon, Pires had said that the "persecution is continuing." The CPLP later issued a statement of condemnation and also called for a UN-authorised military intervention saying that it had "take[n] the initiative of...forming an interposition force in Guinea-Bissau, with a mandate defined by the United Nations Security Council" that would seek to maintain "constitutional order, protect civilians and the country's legitimate institutions." It added that it supported the Angolan presence in the country and the initiate would be carried out according to consultations with ECOWAS, the AU and the EU.<a href="#cite_note-cplp-32">[32]</a> Rifts developed between ECOWAS and CPLP over the resolution mechanisms. The former, supported by Nigeria, Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso, advocated a year-long transitional process; while the later, supported by Portugal and Angola, advocated an immediate resumption of the election.<a href="#cite_note-icg-47">[47]</a> The African Union Commission's chairperson <a href="/wiki/Jean_Ping" title="Jean Ping">Jean Ping</a> said that he condemned the "outrageous acts which undermine the efforts to stabilise the situation in Guinea-Bissau and tarnish the image of the country and Africa." In mid-May, Guinea-Bissau was suspended from the AU.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> A spokesman for the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>'s <a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy</a> <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton">Catherine Ashton</a> said that "the EU has already suspended most of its aid to Guinea-Bissau" and called on the Military Command to release the detained leaders and restore the "legitimate government."<a href="#cite_note-cplp-32">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ekmeleddin_%C4%B0hsano%C4%9Flu" title="Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu">Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu</a>, the Secretary-General of the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a>, called the coup a "heinous and unacceptable act", adding that it would hinder security and the democratic process as it had occurred weeks before the runoff. He also called for the detained politicians to be released.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Meanwhile, on 24 April the African Union Peace and Security Council ministerial meeting met at its headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a> to discuss matters pertaining to resolving the crisis in the country.<a href="#cite_note-un-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="States">States</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: States">edit</a>]</div> Angolan Defense Minister Cândido Pereira dos Santos Van-Dúnem said that Angola will "continue to provide full support [to Guinea-Bissau because of] excellent ties," adding that the withdrawal date for the troops was being discussed.<a href="#cite_note-fari-14">[14]</a> On 1 October, the UN Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Ismael_Abraao_Gaspar_Martins" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismael Abraao Gaspar Martins">Ismael Abraao Gaspar Martins</a> said that it was seeking a solution to "normalisation of constitutional order" through the work of the UNSC, AU, CPLP and ECOWAS.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Angola's <a href="/wiki/Lusa_news_agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusa news agency">Lusa</a> reported that Portugal, the former coloniser, issued advisories to its citizens to stay in their homes<a href="#cite_note-ap-3">[3]</a> It also rejected claims of an "untoward" attitude by Angola.<a href="#cite_note-kenya-51">[51]</a> A Foreign Ministry spokesman said that "the Portuguese government is appealing for a halt to the violence and respect for the law."<a href="#cite_note-aljaz-21">[21]</a> Portas later called for the detained civilian leadership to be released.<a href="#cite_note-euro-17">[17]</a> Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Pedro_Aguiar-Branco" title="José Pedro Aguiar-Branco">José Pedro Aguiar-Branco</a> said that the Portuguese military was ready to evacuate its citizens. "It is our responsibility and our job to ensure adequate preparedness in the event that the evacuation be necessary."<a href="#cite_note-Reactions-29">[29]</a> Portugal also issued a travel warning for its citizens.<a href="#cite_note-fari-14">[14]</a> On 15 April, it was announced that two naval vessels and an aircraft were on their way to somewhere in West Africa ready for a possible evacuation of 4,000–5,000 Portuguese citizens.<a href="#cite_note-NTC-36">[36]</a> On 1 October, Portugal's UN Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Filipe_Moraes_Cabral" title="José Filipe Moraes Cabral">José Filipe Moraes Cabral</a> echoed the statement of Angola at the same meeting.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Fellow Lusophone countries Brazil and Timor Leste also reacted to the events, with Brazil's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Relations_(Brazil)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of External Relations (Brazil)">Ministry of External Relations</a> expressing their "preoccupation" with the events and saying that it would call for an extraordinary meeting of the UNSC to discuss the issue.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Timor Leste's President <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a> said that "the situation in Guinea-Bissau, which I have followed over the years, is extraordinarily complex, dangerous, because it can degrade into more violence, and the country is not in a position to afford that new setback in the peace process and its democratisation." He also offered to mediate the crisis.<a href="#cite_note-Reactions-29">[29]</a> His offer was accepted on 16 April.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Guinean Foreign Minister <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edouard_Niankoye_Lama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edouard Niankoye Lama (page does not exist)">Edouard Niankoye Lama</a> called for "restoration of peace and stability" and of "all democratic institutions," when speaking at the <a href="/wiki/General_debate_of_the_sixty-seventh_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="General debate of the sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly">General debate of the sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly</a> (UNGA).<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Liberian President <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> also criticised the "unconstitutional unraveling, of democratic governments" at the UNGA.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Namibian President <a href="/wiki/Hifikepunye_Pohamba" title="Hifikepunye Pohamba">Hifikepunye Pohamba</a> said at the UNGA General debate that he denounced the "unconstitutional changes" and praised ECOWAS for its work in trying to resolve the issue.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Nigeria also condemned the coup<a href="#cite_note-kenya-51">[51]</a> and President <a href="/wiki/Goodluck_Jonathan" title="Goodluck Jonathan">Goodluck Jonathan</a> also told the UNGA General debate: "Guinea-Bissau is another flash point of instability in the sub-region in which Nigeria and ECOWAS are engaged. Indeed, the Contact Group, headed by Nigeria was set up by the Authority of Heads of State and Government of ECOWAS to help establish a transitional government with a view to returning that country to political and constitutional order. In furtherance of this objective, Nigeria provided the sum of 10 million US dollars to the Interim Government in Guinea-Bissau to assist in the stabilisation of the country."<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Russia called for the restoration of the civilian government.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Canada condemned the coup;<a href="#cite_note-kenya-51">[51]</a> while the United States' <a href="/wiki/White_House_Press_Secretary" title="White House Press Secretary">White House Press Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Jay_Carney" title="Jay Carney">Jay Carney</a> said, "We call for the release of all government leaders and urge all parties to reconcile their differences through the democratic process."<a href="#cite_note-aljazpostcoup-19">[19]</a> The United States' embassy issued a statement that read: "It is regrettable that elements of the Bissau-Guinean military have chosen to derail the democratic process in Guinea-Bissau." At a daily press briefing, the State Department spokesman <a href="/wiki/Mark_Toner" title="Mark Toner">Mark Toner</a> called on all sides of the conflict to "put down their weapons, release government leaders immediately and restore legitimate civilian leadership," adding that it "appeared the junta had taken control of media outlets, as they were off-air and the headquarters of PAIGC and were trying to restrict movement"<a href="#cite_note-euro-17">[17]</a> and that "we regret that they have chosen to disrupt the democratic process, which already was challenged by the opposition's call to boycott the second round of elections."<a href="#cite_note-Reactions-29">[29]</a> The State Department also issued a travel warning to the country and called on its citizens already in the country "to shelter in place and avoid the downtown area of Bissau."<a href="#cite_note-kenya-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subsequent_non-political_events">Subsequent non-political events</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Subsequent non-political events">edit</a>]</div> On 9 June, the last police and armed forces personnel of the MISSANG mission left the country.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> In late August, the Commissioner for Natural resources, Environment and Rural Development <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibraima_Dieme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibraima Dieme (page does not exist)">Ibraima Dieme</a> announced the Union had approved a loan of 15 billion <a href="/wiki/West_African_CFA_franc" title="West African CFA franc">CFA francs</a> to the country for security system reforms.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-oecd-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-screport-63">[63]</a> However, the spokesman of the transitional government, Fernando Vaz, also announced that an agreement with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angola_Bauxite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angola Bauxite (page does not exist)">Angola Bauxite</a> to build a deepwater port so as to export <a href="/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">bauxite</a> would need to be renegotiated as "the agreement signed in 2007 by the government of Carlos Gomes Junior is not fair ... As a result, the terms of the agreement must be reviewed. The transitional government will not accept that Bissau receives 10 percent [of revenues] while Angola Bauxite takes 90 percent." The project, which had been inaugurated in July 2011, had previously stalled prior to the coup as a result of concern over political instability and an environmental impact study that had not yet been published despite passing the deadline. If completed the port at <a href="/wiki/Buba" title="Buba">Buba</a> would have a capacity to host three 70-tonne vessels at any given time, while the project as a whole would also lead to the creation of a three million tonne-a-year mine in <a href="/wiki/Boe,_Guinea-Bissau" title="Boe, Guinea-Bissau">Boe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> By the end of the year <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> reported an increase in drug trafficking in the country and thus calling the events "cocaine coup;" it also cited a U.S. <a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">Drug Enforcement Administration</a> employee as saying the country is "probably the worst narco-state that's out there on the continent. [Guinea-Bissau is] a major problem [for the U.S.A.]. People at the highest levels of the military are involved in the facilitation [of trafficking]. In other African countries government officials are part of the problem. In Guinea-Bissau, it is the government itself that is the problem." A sentiment echoed by regional UN staff. The head of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime_for_West_and_Central_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime for West and Central Africa (page does not exist)">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime for West and Central Africa</a> Pierre Lapaque also said: "There has clearly been an increase in Guinea-Bissau in the last several months. We are seeing more and more drugs regularly arriving in this country;" while the EU's ambassador to the country Joaquin Gonzalez-Ducay added: "As a country it is controlled by those who formed the coup d'état. They can do what they want to do. Now they have free rein."<a href="#cite_note-nytafter-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Continued_political_instability">Continued political instability</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Continued political instability">edit</a>]</div> On 21 October, soldiers again attacked an army barracks in what The New York Times said was a coup attempt against the interim government. It also cited the arrest of an unnamed dissident army captain on 27 October as the organiser of the counter-coup attempt and reported that two other unnamed government critics were assaulted and left outside Bissau. Army Chief of Staff General Antonio Indjai laughed off questions that he was the power behind the throne and responded to the criticism in saying: "People say I'm a drug trafficker. Anybody who has the proof, present it! We ask the international community to give us the means to fight drugs." Gonzalez-Ducay then responded: "I can't believe that the one who controls the drug trafficking is going to fight the drug trafficking." The U.S. State Department's <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Service_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Service Officer">Foreign Service Officer</a> for Guinea-Bissau Russell Hanks, who is not present in the country following the U.S. shutting its embassy during the <a href="/wiki/Bissau-Guinean_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Bissau-Guinean Civil War">Bissau-Guinean Civil War</a> in 1998, said: "You will only have an impact on this transition by engagement, not by isolation. These are the people who came in to pick up the pieces after the coup." His staff pointed to photographs of newly created stretches of road in a remote rural area near the Senegal border that had space for small planes to land and they suggested was under the supervision of the armed forces. Chief of Guinea-Bissau's judicial police <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo%C3%A3o_Biague&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="João Biague (page does not exist)">João Biague</a> reported on a dubious aircraft landing months before the coup near Indjai's farm. He also added that "The traffickers know [our judicial authority] can't do much. The agents we have in the field want to give up because they have nothing to eat." Guinea-Bissau's former prosecutor general added: "A country that's not capable of discussing its own problems – it's not a country, it's not a state."<a href="#cite_note-nytafter-65">[65]</a> The leader of the coup attempt was Pansau Ntchama, a commando who was the ex-bodyguard of Guinea-Bissau's former army chief of staff. Fernando Vaz said of him: "He is a man with political ambitions living in Portugal. He appeared here in order to carry out this attempted coup ... He flew to Gambia, and then he went to Angola to pick up arms ... He has fled into the bush, but we are confident that we will catch him."<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resolution_process">Resolution process</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Resolution process">edit</a>]</div> In response to the UNSC resolution for the restoration of civilian and constitutional rule, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon appointed <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timor">Timor-Leste</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a> as his special representative to the country on 31 January 2013, replacing Rwanda's <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mutaboba" title="Joseph Mutaboba">Joseph Mutaboba</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nyt2-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt2_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt2_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt2_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAdam_Nossiter2012" class="citation news cs1">Adam Nossiter (13 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/14/world/africa/guinea-bissau-coup-removes-presidential-front-runner.html">"Guinea-Bissau Coup Removes Presidential Front-Runner"</a>. 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Guinea-Bissau_topics" title="Template:Guinea-Bissau topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Guinea-Bissau_topics" title="Template talk:Guinea-Bissau topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Guinea-Bissau_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Guinea-Bissau topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Guinea-Bissau_articles605" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Guinea-Bissau-related_articles" title="Index of Guinea-Bissau-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="History of Guinea-Bissau">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_West_Africa" title="History of West Africa">Regional history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaabu" title="Kaabu">Kaabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="African slave trade">African slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Portuguese_Guinea" title="List of governors of Portuguese Guinea">governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence" title="Guinea-Bissau War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état">1980 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Civil_War" title="Guinea-Bissau Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2003 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état">2003 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Guinea-Bissau_military_unrest" title="2010 Guinea-Bissau military unrest">2010 military unrest</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2012 coup d'état</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Coat of arms of Guinea-Bissau"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Emblem_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Emblem_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Emblem_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="423" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Geography of Guinea-Bissau">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Template:Borders of Guinea-Bissau">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="List of cities in Guinea-Bissau">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Category:Islands of Guinea-Bissau">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Regions of Guinea-Bissau">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="List of rivers of Guinea-Bissau">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectors_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Sectors of Guinea-Bissau">Sectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Wildlife of Guinea-Bissau">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Politics of Guinea-Bissau">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Elections in Guinea-Bissau">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Foreign relations of Guinea-Bissau">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Category:Human rights in Guinea-Bissau">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Guinea-Bissau">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Assembly_(Guinea-Bissau)" title="National People's Assembly (Guinea-Bissau)">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="List of political parties in Guinea-Bissau">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="List of presidents of Guinea-Bissau">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="List of prime ministers of Guinea-Bissau">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Economy of Guinea-Bissau">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_African_CFA_franc" title="West African CFA franc">Franc (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Guinea-Bissau">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Mining industry of Guinea-Bissau">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Telecommunications in Guinea-Bissau">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Transport in Guinea-Bissau">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Category:Society of Guinea-Bissau">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Demographics of Guinea-Bissau">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Education in Guinea-Bissau">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Guinea-Bissau">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Health in Guinea-Bissau">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Languages of Guinea-Bissau">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Religion in Guinea-Bissau">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Guinea-Bissau">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esta_%C3%89_a_Nossa_P%C3%A1tria_Bem_Amada" title="Esta É a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Guinea-Bissau">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Guinea-Bissau">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Flag of Guinea-Bissau">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Guinea-Bissau">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Music of Guinea-Bissau">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Category:Sport in Guinea-Bissau">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Outline of Guinea-Bissau">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Guinea-Bissau-related_articles" title="Index of Guinea-Bissau-related articles">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Guinea-Bissau" title="Category:Guinea-Bissau">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coups_in_Guinea-Bissau_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Guinea-Bissau&#124;link=Guinea-Bissau161" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Guinea-Bissau_coups" title="Template:Guinea-Bissau coups"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Guinea-Bissau_coups" title="Template talk:Guinea-Bissau coups"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Guinea-Bissau_coups" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Guinea-Bissau coups"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coups_in_Guinea-Bissau_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Guinea-Bissau&#124;link=Guinea-Bissau161" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">Coups</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="1998 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">1998 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2003 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guinea-Bissau#2006_attempted_coup" title="Politics of Guinea-Bissau">2006 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guinea-Bissau#2007_attempted_coup" title="Politics of Guinea-Bissau">2007 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guinea-Bissau#2008_attempted_coup" title="Politics of Guinea-Bissau">2008 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guinea-Bissau#2009_attempted_coup" title="Politics of Guinea-Bissau">2009 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="2011 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">2011 attempt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guinea-Bissau#2014_attempted_coup" title="Politics of Guinea-Bissau">2014 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guinea-Bissau#2018_attempted_coup" title="Politics of Guinea-Bissau">2018 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guinea-Bissau#2019_attempted_coup" title="Politics of Guinea-Bissau">2019 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guinea-Bissau#2020_attempted_coup" title="Politics of Guinea-Bissau">2020 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guinea-Bissau#2021_attempted_coup" title="Politics of Guinea-Bissau">2021 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état attempt">2022 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="2023 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">2023 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guinea-Bissau#2024_attempted_coup" title="Politics of Guinea-Bissau">2024 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guinea-Bissau#2025_attempted_coup" title="Politics of Guinea-Bissau">2025 attempt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coups_d&#039;état_in_Africa_since_1960179" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Template:African coups d'état"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Template talk:African coups d'état"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African coups d'état"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coups_d&#039;état_in_Africa_since_1960179" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">Coups d'état</a> in Africa since 1960</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Lumumba_Government" title="Dissolution of the Lumumba Government">Republic of the Congo (1960)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Ethiopian_coup_attempt" title="1960 Ethiopian coup attempt">Ethiopia (1960)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_Gitarama" title="Coup of Gitarama">Rwanda (1961)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algiers_putsch_of_1961" title="Algiers putsch of 1961">French Algeria (1961)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_revolt_in_Somalia" title="1961 revolt in Somalia">Somalia (1961)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Senegalese_coup_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1962 Senegalese coup attempt">Senegal (1962)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1962_Algerian_crisis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1962 Algerian crisis (page does not exist)">Algeria (1962)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Dahomeyan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Dahomeyan coup d'état">Dahomey (1963)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Togolese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Togolese coup d'état">Togo (1963)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Gabonese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Gabonese coup d'état">Gabon (1964)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Algerian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1965 Algerian coup d'état">Algeria (1965)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Dahomeyan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1965 Dahomeyan coup d'état">Dahomey (1965)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Burundian_coup_attempt" title="1965 Burundian coup attempt">Burundi (1965)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mobutu_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Second Mobutu coup d'état">Democratic Republic of the Congo (1965)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sylvestre_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Saint-Sylvestre coup d'état">Central African Republic (1965–66)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1966_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="July 1966 Burundian coup d'état">Burundi (July 1966)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1966_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="November 1966 Burundian coup d'état">Burundi (November 1966)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Ghanaian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Ghanaian coup d'état">Ghana (1966)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Upper_Voltan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état">Upper Volta (1966)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Nigerian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Nigerian coup d'état">Nigeria (January 1966)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Nigerian_counter-coup" title="1966 Nigerian counter-coup">Nigeria (July 1966)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_attempt" title="1966 Republic of the Congo coup attempt">Republic of the Congo (1966)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Dahomeyan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1967 Dahomeyan coup d'état">Dahomey (1967)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Sierra_Leonean_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1967 Sierra Leonean coups d'état">Sierra Leone (1967)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Guitar_Boy" title="Operation Guitar Boy">Ghana (1967)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Togolese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1967 Togolese coup d'état">Togo (1967)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Algerian_coup_attempt" title="1967 Algerian coup attempt">Algeria (1967)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeants%27_Coup_(Sierra_Leone)" title="Sergeants' Coup (Sierra Leone)">Sierra Leone (1968)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1968 Malian coup d'état">Mali (1968)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1968 Republic of the Congo coup d'état">Republic of the Congo (1968)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Dahomeyan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1969 Dahomeyan coup d'état">Dahomey (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Sudanese coup d'état">Sudan (1969)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1969 Libyan coup d'état">Libya (September 1969)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Somali_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Somali coup d'état">Somalia (1969)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_coup_attempt" title="1969 Libyan coup attempt">Libya (December 1969)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970_Lesotho_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1970 Lesotho coup d'état">Lesotho (1970)</a>‡c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Ugandan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Ugandan coup d'état">Uganda (1971)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Moroccan_coup_attempt" title="1971 Moroccan coup attempt">Morocco (1971)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Sudanese coup d'état">Sudan (1971)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Dahomeyan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1972 Dahomeyan coup d'état">Dahomey (1972)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Redemption_Council" title="National Redemption Council">Ghana (1972)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Moroccan_coup_attempt" title="1972 Moroccan coup attempt">Morocco (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_attempt" title="1972 Republic of the Congo coup attempt">Republic of the Congo (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Rwandan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Rwandan coup d'état">Rwanda (1973)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Upper_Voltan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1974 Upper Voltan coup d'état">Upper Volta (1974)</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arube_uprising" title="Arube uprising">Uganda (1974)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1974 Nigerien coup d'état">Niger (1974)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Ethiopian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1974 Ethiopian coup d'état">Ethiopia (1974)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Comorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1975 Comorian coup d'état">Comoros (1975)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="1975 Sudanese coup attempt">Sudan (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Libyan_coup_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1975 Libyan coup attempt">Libya (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Nigerian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1975 Nigerian coup d'état">Nigeria (1975)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Chadian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1975 Chadian coup d'état">Chad (1975)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Comorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1976 Comorian coup d'état">Comoros (1976)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Burundian coup d'état">Burundi (1976)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Nigerian_coup_attempt" title="1976 Nigerian coup attempt">Nigeria (1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="1976 Sudanese coup attempt">Sudan (1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Benin_coup_attempt" title="1977 Benin coup attempt">Benin (1977)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Seychelles_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1977 Seychelles coup d'état">Seychelles (1977)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Sudan_Juba_coup_attempt" title="1977 Sudan Juba coup attempt">Sudan (1977)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mafuta_Mingi" title="Operation Mafuta Mingi">Uganda (June 1977)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Angolan_coup_attempt" title="1977 Angolan coup attempt">Angola (1977)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Somali_coup_attempt" title="1978 Somali coup attempt">Somalia (1978)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Comorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1978 Comorian coup d'état">Comoros (1978)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Military_Council_(Ghana)" title="Supreme Military Council (Ghana)">Ghana (1978)</a>‡c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Mauritanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1978 Mauritanian coup d'état">Mauritania (1978)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Mauritanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1979 Mauritanian coup d'état">Mauritania (1979)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4th_revolution_in_Ghana" title="June 4th revolution in Ghana">Ghana (1979)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Equatorial_Guinea_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1979 Equatorial Guinea coup d'état">Equatorial Guinea (1979)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Caban" title="Operation Caban">Central African Republic (1979)</a>c</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Mauritanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Mauritanian coup d'état">Mauritania (1980)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Liberian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Liberian coup d'état">Liberia (1980)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état">Guinea-Bissau (1980)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Upper_Volta_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 Upper Volta coup d'état">Upper Volta (1980)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Mauritanian_coup_attempt" title="1981 Mauritanian coup attempt">Mauritania (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Gambian_coup_attempt" title="1981 Gambian coup attempt">Gambia (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Central_African_Republic_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1981 Central African Republic coup d'état">Central African Republic (1981)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Ghanaian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1981 Ghanaian coup d'état">Ghana (1981)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Seychelles_coup_attempt" title="1981 Seychelles coup attempt">Seychelles (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Central_African_Republic_coup_attempt" title="1982 Central African Republic coup attempt">Central African Republic (1982)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Kenyan_coup_attempt" title="1982 Kenyan coup attempt">Kenya (1982)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Upper_Voltan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1982 Upper Voltan coup d'état">Upper Volta (1982)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Upper_Voltan_coup_attempt" title="1983 Upper Voltan coup attempt">Upper Volta (February 1983)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Upper_Voltan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1983 Upper Voltan coup d'état">Upper Volta (August 1983)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Nigerian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1983 Nigerian coup d'état">Nigeria (1983)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Mauritanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1984 Mauritanian coup d'état">Mauritania (1984)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Cameroonian_coup_attempt" title="1984 Cameroonian coup attempt">Cameroon (1984)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Guinean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1984 Guinean coup d'état">Guinea (1984)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Ugandan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1985 Ugandan coup d'état">Uganda (1985)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Nigerian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1985 Nigerian coup d'état">Nigeria (1985)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1985 Sudanese coup d'état">Sudan (1985)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Guinean_coup_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1985 Guinean coup attempt">Guinea (1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Liberian_coup_attempt" title="1985 Liberian coup attempt">Liberia (1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Lesotho_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1986 Lesotho coup d'état">Lesotho (1986)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Togolese_coup_attempt" title="1986 Togolese coup attempt">Togo (1986)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Burkina_Faso_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1987 Burkina Faso coup d'état">Burkina Faso (1987)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1987 Burundian coup d'état">Burundi (1987)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_attempt" title="1987 Republic of the Congo coup attempt">Republic of the Congo (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Tunisian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1987 Tunisian coup d'état">Tunisia (1987)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Transkei_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1987 Transkei coup d'état"> Transkei (1987)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Benin_coup_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1988 Benin coup attempt">Benin (1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_coup_attempt" title="1988 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt">São Tomé and Príncipe (1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Burkina_Faso_coup_attempt" title="1989 Burkina Faso coup attempt">Burkina Faso (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Ethiopian_coup_attempt" title="1989 Ethiopian coup attempt">Ethiopia (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Chadian_coup_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1989 Chadian coup attempt">Chad (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1989 Sudanese coup d'état">Sudan (1989)</a>c</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="1990 Sudanese coup attempt">Sudan (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Nigerian_coup_attempt" title="1990 Nigerian coup attempt">Nigeria (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Zambian_coup_attempt" title="1990 Zambian coup attempt">Zambia (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Chadian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1990 Chadian coup d'état">Chad (1990)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Ciskei_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1990 Ciskei coup d'état"> Ciskei (1990)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Venda_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1990 Venda coup d'état"> Venda (1990)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Malian coup d'état">Mali (1991)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Lesotho_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Lesotho coup d'état">Lesotho (1991)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="1992 Sudanese coup attempt">Sudan (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Sierra_Leonean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1992 Sierra Leonean coup d'état">Sierra Leone (1992)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Algerian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1992 Algerian coup d'état">Algeria (1992)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Sierra_Leonean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 Sierra Leonean coup d'état attempt">Sierra Leone (December 1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Burundian_coup_attempt" title="1993 Burundian coup attempt">Burundi (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Libyan_coup_attempt" title="1993 Libyan coup attempt">Libya (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Nigerian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1993 Nigerian coup d'état">Nigeria (1993)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Bophuthatswana_crisis" title="1994 Bophuthatswana crisis"> Bophuthatswana (1994)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Gambian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1994 Gambian coup d'état">Gambia (1994)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Lesotho_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1994 Lesotho coup d'état">Lesotho (1994)</a>‡c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Liberian_coup_attempt" title="1994 Liberian coup attempt">Liberia (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Azalee" title="Operation Azalee">Comoros (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_coup_attempt" title="1995 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt">São Tomé and Príncipe (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Sierra_Leonean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Sierra Leonean coup d'état">Sierra Leone (1996)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Guinean_coup_attempt" title="1996 Guinean coup attempt">Guinea (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1996 Burundian coup d'état">Burundi (1996)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1996 Nigerien coup d'état">Niger (1996)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Sierra_Leonean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Sierra Leonean coup d'état attempt">Sierra Leone (August 1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Zambian_coup_attempt" title="1997 Zambian coup attempt">Zambia (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Sierra_Leonean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1997 Sierra Leonean coup d'état">Sierra Leone (1997)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="1998 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">Guinea-Bissau (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 Republic of the Congo coup d'état attempt">Republic of the Congo (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Nigerien coup d'état">Niger (1999)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Comorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Comorian coup d'état">Comoros (1999)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Ivorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Ivorian coup d'état">Côte d'Ivoire (1999)</a>c</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_Ivorian_coup_attempt" title="2001 Ivorian coup attempt">Côte d'Ivoire (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Burundian_coup_attempt" title="2001 Burundian coup attempt">Burundi (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Central_African_Republic_coup_attempt" title="2001 Central African Republic coup attempt">Central African Republic (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Ivorian_coup_attempt" title="2002 Ivorian coup attempt">Côte d'Ivoire (2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Central_African_Republic_coup_attempt" title="2002 Central African Republic coup attempt">Central African Republic (2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Central_African_Republic_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2003 Central African Republic coup d'état">Central African Republic (2003)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Mauritanian_coup_attempt" title="2003 Mauritanian coup attempt">Mauritania (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2003 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état">Guinea-Bissau (2003)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_coup_attempt" title="2003 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt">São Tomé and Príncipe (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Burkina_Faso_coup_attempt" title="2003 Burkina Faso coup attempt">Burkina Faso (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Chadian_coup_attempt" title="2004 Chadian coup attempt">Chad (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="2004 Sudanese coup attempt">Sudan (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Equatorial_Guinea_coup_attempt" title="2004 Equatorial Guinea coup attempt">Equatorial Guinea (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_attempt" title="2004 Democratic Republic of the Congo coup attempt">Democratic Republic of the Congo (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Togolese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2005 Togolese coup d'état">Togo (2005)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Mauritanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2005 Mauritanian coup d'état">Mauritania (2005)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Chadian_coup_attempt" title="2006 Chadian coup attempt">Chad (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Malagasy_coup_attempt" title="2006 Malagasy coup attempt">Madagascar (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Guinean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2008 Guinean coup d'état">Guinea (2008)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Mauritanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2008 Mauritanian coup d'état">Mauritania (2008)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Omdurman_attack" title="2008 Omdurman attack">Sudan (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Malagasy_political_crisis" title="2009 Malagasy political crisis">Madagascar (2009)</a>c</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Madagascar_coup_attempt" title="2010 Madagascar coup attempt">Madagascar (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2010 Nigerien coup d'état">Niger (2010)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Nigerien_coup_attempt" title="2011 Nigerien coup attempt">Niger (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="2011 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">Guinea-Bissau (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2012 Malian coup d'état">Mali (March 2012)</a>c</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guinea-Bissau (2012)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Malian_counter-coup_attempt" title="2012 Malian counter-coup attempt">Mali (April 2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="2012 Sudanese coup attempt">Sudan (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Eritrean_Army_mutiny" title="2013 Eritrean Army mutiny">Eritrea (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Chadian_coup_attempt" title="2013 Chadian coup attempt">Chad (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Egyptian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2013 Egyptian coup d'état">Egypt (2013)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Libyan_coup_attempt" title="2013 Libyan coup attempt">Libya (October 2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bangui_(2013)" title="Battle of Bangui (2013)">Central African Republic (2013)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Libyan_coup_attempts" title="2014 Libyan coup attempts">Libya (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Lesotho_political_crisis" title="2014 Lesotho political crisis">Lesotho (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Gambian_coup_attempt" title="2014 Gambian coup attempt">The Gambia (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Burundian_coup_attempt" title="2015 Burundian coup attempt">Burundi (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Burkina_Faso_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Burkina Faso coup d'état">Burkina Faso (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Burkina_Faso_coup_attempt" title="2016 Burkina Faso coup attempt">Burkina Faso (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_West_Libya_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2016–17 West Libya clashes">Libya (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Zimbabwean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état">Zimbabwe (2017)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Gabonese_coup_attempt" title="2019 Gabonese coup attempt">Gabon (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2019 Sudanese coup d'état">Sudan (2019)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amhara_Region_coup_attempt" title="Amhara Region coup attempt">Ethiopia (2019)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2020 Malian coup d'état">Mali (2020)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bangui_(2021)" title="Battle of Bangui (2021)">Central African Republic (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Nigerien_coup_attempt" title="2021 Nigerien coup attempt">Niger (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Malian coup d'état">Mali (2021)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Tunisian_self-coup" title="2021 Tunisian self-coup">Tunisia (2021)</a>‡c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Guinean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Guinean coup d'état">Guinea (2021)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2021_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="September 2021 Sudanese coup attempt">Sudan (September 2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Sudanese coup d'état">Sudan (October 2021)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état">Burkina Faso (January 2022)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="2022 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">Guinea-Bissau (2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="September 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état">Burkina Faso (September 2022)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_coup_attempt" title="2022 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt">São Tomé and Príncipe (2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Gambian_coup_attempt" title="2022 Gambian coup attempt">Gambia (2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Sudan (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2023 Nigerien coup d'état">Niger (2023)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Gabonese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2023 Gabonese coup d'état">Gabon (2023)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Burkina_Faso_coup_attempt" title="2023 Burkina Faso coup attempt">Burkina Faso (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Sierra_Leone_coup_attempt" title="2023 Sierra Leone coup attempt">Sierra Leone (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="2023 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">Guinea-Bissau (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo_State_coup_attempt" title="Oyo State coup attempt">Nigeria (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_attempt" title="2024 Democratic Republic of the Congo coup attempt">Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>c: successful coup</li> <li>‡: <a href="/wiki/Self-coup" title="Self-coup">self-coup</a></li> <li>no sign: attempted coup</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coups,_self-coups,_and_attempted_coups_since_1991632" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Template:Coup d'état"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Template talk:Coup d'état"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coup d'état"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coups,_self-coups,_and_attempted_coups_since_1991632" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">Coups</a>, <a href="/wiki/Self-coup" title="Self-coup">self-coups</a>, and attempted coups since 1991</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_coups_and_coup_attempts" title="List of coups and coup attempts">List of coups and coup attempts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_coups_and_coup_attempts_by_country" title="List of coups and coup attempts by country">by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_coups_and_coup_attempts_since_2010" title="List of coups and coup attempts since 2010">since 2010</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Malian coup d'état">Mali (1991)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Lesotho_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Lesotho coup d'état">Lesotho (1991)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Thai coup d'état">Thailand (1991)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">Soviet Union (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Haitian coup d'état">Haiti (1991)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%931992_Georgian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état">Georgia (1991–1992)</a>c</li> <li>Venezuela (1992) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1992_Venezuelan_coup_attempt" title="February 1992 Venezuelan coup attempt">February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1992_Venezuelan_coup_attempt" title="November 1992 Venezuelan coup attempt">November</a></li></ul></li> <li>Peru (1992) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Peruvian_self-coup" title="1992 Peruvian self-coup">April</a>‡c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Peruvian_coup_attempt" title="1992 Peruvian coup attempt">November</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Sierra_Leonean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1992 Sierra Leonean coup d'état">Sierra Leone (1992)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Algerian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1992 Algerian coup d'état">Algeria (1992)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="1992 Sudanese coup attempt">Sudan (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Guatemalan_constitutional_crisis" title="1993 Guatemalan constitutional crisis">Guatemala (1993)</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Azerbaijani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état">Azerbaijan (1993)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Russian_constitutional_crisis" title="1993 Russian constitutional crisis">Russia (1993)</a>‡c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Libyan_coup_attempt" title="1993 Libyan coup attempt">Libya (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Burundian_coup_attempt" title="1993 Burundian coup attempt">Burundi (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_the_Volunteers" title="Coup of the Volunteers">Lithuania (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Nigerian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1993 Nigerian coup d'état">Nigeria (1993)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Bophuthatswana_crisis" title="1994 Bophuthatswana crisis">Bophuthatswana (1994)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Gambian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1994 Gambian coup d'état">Gambia (1994)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Lesotho_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1994 Lesotho coup d'état">Lesotho (1994)</a>‡c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Liberian_coup_attempt" title="1994 Liberian coup attempt">Liberia (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Cambodian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" title="1994 Cambodian coup d'état attempt">Cambodia (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Azerbaijani_coup_attempt" title="1995 Azerbaijani coup attempt">Azerbaijan (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Qatari_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1995 Qatari coup d'état">Qatar (1995)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_coup_attempt" title="1995 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt">São Tomé and Príncipe (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Guinean_coup_attempt" title="1996 Guinean coup attempt">Guinea (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Paraguayan_coup_attempt" title="1996 Paraguayan coup attempt">Paraguay (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Iraqi_coup_attempt" title="1996 Iraqi coup attempt">Iraq (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Burundian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1996 Burundian coup d'état">Burundi (1996)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1996 Nigerien coup d'état">Niger (1996)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Qatari_coup_attempt" title="1996 Qatari coup attempt">Qatar (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Bangladeshi_coup_attempt" title="1996 Bangladeshi coup attempt">Bangladesh (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Cambodian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1997 Cambodian coup d'état">Cambodia (1997)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Turkish_military_memorandum" title="1997 Turkish military memorandum">Turkey (1997)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Zambian_coup_attempt" title="1997 Zambian coup attempt">Zambia (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="1998 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">Guinea-Bissau (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Nigerien coup d'état">Niger (1999)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Pakistani_military_coup" class="mw-redirect" title="1999 Pakistani military coup">Pakistan (1999)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Ivorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Ivorian coup d'état">Côte d'Ivoire (1999)</a>c</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Ecuadorian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2000 Ecuadorian coup d'état">Ecuador (2000)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Paraguayan_coup_attempt" title="2000 Paraguayan coup attempt">Paraguay (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Fijian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2000 Fijian coup d'état">Fiji (2000)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Solomon_Islands_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2000 Solomon Islands coup d'état">Solomon Islands (2000)</a> c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Ivorian_coup_attempt" title="2001 Ivorian coup attempt">Côte d'Ivoire (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Burundian_coup_attempt" title="2001 Burundian coup attempt">Burundi (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Haitian_coup_attempt" title="2001 Haitian coup attempt">Haiti (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Central_African_Republic_coup_attempt" title="2001 Central African Republic coup attempt">Central African Republic (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Venezuelan_coup_attempt" title="2002 Venezuelan coup attempt">Venezuela (2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Ivorian_coup_attempt" title="2002 Ivorian coup attempt">Côte d'Ivoire (2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Burkina_Faso_coup_attempt" title="2003 Burkina Faso coup attempt">Burkina Faso (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Central_African_Republic_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2003 Central African Republic coup d'état">Central African Republic (2003)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Mauritanian_coup_attempt" title="2003 Mauritanian coup attempt">Mauritania (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakwood_mutiny" title="Oakwood mutiny">Philippines (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2003 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état">Guinea-Bissau (2003)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_coup_attempt" title="2003 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt">São Tomé and Príncipe (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Chadian_coup_attempt" title="2004 Chadian coup attempt">Chad (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="2004 Sudanese coup attempt">Sudan (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2004 Haitian coup d'état">Haiti (2004)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Equatorial_Guinea_coup_attempt" title="2004 Equatorial Guinea coup attempt">Equatorial Guinea (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_attempt" title="2004 Democratic Republic of the Congo coup attempt">DR Congo (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andahuaylas_uprising" title="Andahuaylas uprising">Peru (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Nepal_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2005 Nepal coup d'état">Nepal (2005)</a>‡c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Togolese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2005 Togolese coup d'état">Togo (2005)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Mauritanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2005 Mauritanian coup d'état">Mauritania (2005)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Chadian_coup_attempt" title="2006 Chadian coup attempt">Chad (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2006 Thai coup d'état">Thailand (2006)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Malagasy_coup_attempt" title="2006 Malagasy coup attempt">Madagascar (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Fijian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2006 Fijian coup d'état">Fiji (2006)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Peninsula_siege" title="Manila Peninsula siege">Philippines (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Omdurman_attack" title="2008 Omdurman attack">Sudan (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Mauritanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2008 Mauritanian coup d'état">Mauritania (2008)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Guinean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2008 Guinean coup d'état">Guinea (2008)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Malagasy_political_crisis" title="2009 Malagasy political crisis">Madagascar (2009)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Honduran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2009 Honduran coup d'état">Honduras (2009)</a>c</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2010 Nigerien coup d'état">Niger (2010)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Madagascar_coup_attempt" title="2010 Madagascar coup attempt">Madagascar (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Nigerien_coup_attempt" title="2011 Nigerien coup attempt">Niger (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="2011 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">Guinea-Bissau (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bangladeshi_coup_attempt" title="2011 Bangladeshi coup attempt">Bangladesh (2011)</a></li> <li>Mali (2012) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2012 Malian coup d'état">March</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Malian_counter-coup_attempt" title="2012 Malian counter-coup attempt">April</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guinea-Bissau (2012)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="2012 Sudanese coup attempt">Sudan (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Eritrean_Army_mutiny" title="2013 Eritrean Army mutiny">Eritrea (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bangui_(2013)" title="Battle of Bangui (2013)">Central African Republic (2013)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Chadian_coup_attempt" title="2013 Chadian coup attempt">Chad (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Egyptian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2013 Egyptian coup d'état">Egypt (2013)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Libyan_coup_attempt" title="2013 Libyan coup attempt">Libya (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Libyan_coup_attempts" title="2014 Libyan coup attempts">Libya (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2014 Thai coup d'état">Thailand (2014)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Gambian_coup_attempt" title="2014 Gambian coup attempt">Gambia (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen" title="Houthi takeover in Yemen">Yemen (2014–15)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Burundian_coup_attempt" title="2015 Burundian coup attempt">Burundi (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Burkina_Faso_coup_attempt" title="2015 Burkina Faso coup attempt">Burkina Faso (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_attempt" title="2016 Turkish coup attempt">Turkey (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Burkina_Faso_coup_attempt" title="2016 Burkina Faso coup attempt">Burkina Faso (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Libya_clashes_(2016%E2%80%932018)" title="Western Libya clashes (2016–2018)">Libya (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Zimbabwean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état">Zimbabwe (2017)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aden_(2018)" title="Battle of Aden (2018)">Yemen (2018)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Gabonese_coup_attempt" title="2019 Gabonese coup attempt">Gabon (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2019 Sudanese coup d'état">Sudan (2019)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amhara_Region_coup_attempt" title="Amhara Region coup attempt">Ethiopia (2019)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2020 Malian coup d'état">Mali (2020)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bangui_(2021)" title="Battle of Bangui (2021)">Central African Republic (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Myanmar coup d'état">Myanmar (2021)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Nigerien_coup_attempt" title="2021 Nigerien coup attempt">Niger (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Malian coup d'état">Mali (2021)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Guinean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Guinean coup d'état">Guinea (2021)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Tunisian_self-coup" title="2021 Tunisian self-coup">Tunisia (2021)</a>‡c</li> <li>Sudan (2021) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_2021_Sudanese_coup_attempt" title="September 2021 Sudanese coup attempt">September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Sudanese coup d'état">October</a>c</li></ul></li> <li>Burkina Faso (2022) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état">January</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="September 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état">September</a>c</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="2022 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">Guinea-Bissau (2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_coup_attempt" title="2022 São Tomé and Príncipe coup attempt">São Tomé and Príncipe (2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Peruvian_self-coup_attempt" title="2022 Peruvian self-coup attempt">Peru (2022)</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Gambian_coup_attempt" title="2022 Gambian coup attempt">Gambia (2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Sudan (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2023 Nigerien coup d'état">Niger (2023)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Gabonese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2023 Gabonese coup d'état">Gabon (2023)</a>c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Burkina_Faso_coup_attempt" title="2023 Burkina Faso coup attempt">Burkina Faso (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Sierra_Leone_coup_attempt" title="2023 Sierra Leone coup attempt">Sierra Leone (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="2023 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">Guinea-Bissau (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo_State_coup_attempt" title="Oyo State coup attempt">Oyo State, Nigeria (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_coup_attempt" title="2024 Democratic Republic of the Congo coup attempt">DR Congo (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Bolivian_coup_attempt" title="2024 Bolivian coup attempt">Bolivia (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_South_Korean_martial_law_crisis" title="2024 South Korean martial law crisis">South Korea (2024)</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>‡ <a href="/wiki/Self-coup" title="Self-coup">Self-coup</a> or its attempt</li> <li>[no symbol] <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">Coup</a> attempt</li> <li>c Successful <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup</a> or <a href="/wiki/Self-coup" title="Self-coup">self-coup</a> See also: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Template:Plots_and_conspiracies" title="Template:Plots and conspiracies">Plots and conspiracies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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