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BESTest</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: MINI BESTest"> <meta name="keywords" content="MINI BESTest"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="MINI BESTest"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 233</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: MINI BESTest</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">233</span> Comparison of Mini-BESTest versus Berg Balance Scale to Evaluate Balance Disorders in Parkinson's Disease </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Harihara%20Prakash">R. Harihara Prakash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shweta%20R.%20Parikh"> Shweta R. Parikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangna%20S.%20Sheth"> Sangna S. Sheth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to explore the usefulness of the Mini-BESTest compared to the Berg Balance Scale in evaluating balance in people with Parkinson's Disease (PD) of varying severity. Evaluation were done to obtain (1) the distribution of patients scores to look for ceiling effects, (2) concurrent validity with severity of disease, and (3) the sensitivity & specificity of separating people with or without postural response deficits. Methods and Material: Seventy-seven(77) people with Parkinson's Disease were tested for balance deficits using the Berg Balance Scale, Mini-BESTest. Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III and the Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) disease severity scales were used for classification. Materials used in this study were case record sheet, chair without arm rests or wheels, Incline ramp, stopwatch, a box, 3 meter distance measured out and marked on the floor with tape [from chair]. Statistical analysis used: Multiple Linear regression was carried out of UPDRS jointly on the two scores for the Berg and Mini-BESTest. Receiver operating characteristic curves for classifying people into two groups based on a threshold for the H&Y score, to discriminate between mild PD versus more severe PD.Correlation co-efficient to find relativeness between the two variables. Results: The Mini-BESTest is highly correlated with the Berg (r = 0.732,P < 0.001), but avoids the ceiling compression effect of the Berg for mild PD (skewness −0.714 Berg, −0.512 Mini-BESTest). Consequently, the Mini-BESTest is more effective than the Berg for predicting UPDRS Motor score (P < 0.001 Mini-BESTest versus P = 0.72 Berg), and for discriminating between those with and without postural response deficits as measured by the H&Y (ROC). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balance" title="balance">balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=berg%20balance%20scale" title=" berg balance scale"> berg balance scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MINI%20BESTest" title=" MINI BESTest"> MINI BESTest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parkinson%27s%20disease" title=" parkinson's disease"> parkinson's disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34307/comparison-of-mini-bestest-versus-berg-balance-scale-to-evaluate-balance-disorders-in-parkinsons-disease" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">232</span> Convective Boiling of CO₂ in Macro and Mini-Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adonis%20Menezes">Adonis Menezes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julio%20C.%20Passos"> Julio C. Passos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work deals with the theoretical and experimental investigation of the convective boiling of CO₂ in macro and mini-channels. A review of the state of the art of convective boiling studies in mini-channels and conventional channels for operating with CO₂ was carried out, with special attention to the flow patterns and pressure drop maps in single-phase and two-phase flows. To carry out an experimental analysis of the convective boiling of CO₂, a properly instrumented experimental bench was built, which allows a parametric analysis for different thermodynamic conditions, such as mass velocities between 200 and 1300 kg/(m².s), pressures between 20 and 70bar, temperature monitoring at the entrance of the mini-channels, heat flow and pressure drop in the test section. The visualization of flow patterns was possible with the use of a high-speed CMOS camera. The results obtained are in line with those found in the literature, both for flow patterns and for the heat transfer coefficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide" title="carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convective%20boiling" title=" convective boiling"> convective boiling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82" title=" CO₂"> CO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mini-channels" title=" mini-channels"> mini-channels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136203/convective-boiling-of-co2-in-macro-and-mini-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">231</span> Study on Wireless Transmission for Reconnaissance UAV with Wireless Sensor Network and Cylindrical Array of Microstrip Antennas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Chun%20Hung">Chien-Chun Hung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Fong%20Wu"> Chun-Fong Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is important for a commander to have real-time information to aware situations and to make decision in the battlefield. Results of modern technique developments have brought in this kind of information for military purposes. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is one of the means to gather intelligence owing to its widespread applications. It is still not clear whether or not the mini UAV with short-range wireless transmission system is used as a reconnaissance system in Taiwanese. In this paper, previous experience on the research of the sort of aerial vehicles has been applied with a data-relay system using the ZigBee modulus. The mini UAV developed is expected to be able to collect certain data in some appropriate theaters. The omni-directional antenna with high gain is also integrated into mini UAV to fit the size-reducing trend of airborne sensors. Two advantages are so far obvious. First, mini UAV can fly higher than usual to avoid being attacked from ground fires. Second, the data will be almost gathered during all maneuvering attitudes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mini%20UAV" title="mini UAV">mini UAV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconnaissance" title=" reconnaissance"> reconnaissance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20transmission" title=" wireless transmission"> wireless transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZigBee%20modulus" title=" ZigBee modulus"> ZigBee modulus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105615/study-on-wireless-transmission-for-reconnaissance-uav-with-wireless-sensor-network-and-cylindrical-array-of-microstrip-antennas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">230</span> Eco-Mini Bag: Mini trash Bag for Children Environment Awareness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asep%20Adianto">Asep Adianto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rinda%20Ulfah%20L."> Rinda Ulfah L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wellya%20Wichi%20M."> Wellya Wichi M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lasmaria%20Manik"> Lasmaria Manik </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Garbage is the waste result of daily human activity which is in some to countries can leads to a crucial problem. It is realized that garbage can brings to disastrous consequences for the environment and humans. Piles of garbage will cause to overflow disaster and health problems for human being. Basically, garbage can be processed into recycled products or other utilization. However, in some cases, awareness of environment cleanliness by throwing the garbage to the dustbin is still lacking, in both adults and children. Children tend to do things based on their visual observations without thinking about the impact of their actions. Associated with awareness of cleanliness, children often littering due to the reluctance on throwing garbage to the dustbin because in some place, it’s not that easy to find where the dustbin is. The obstacle should be accommodated by making some kind of compatible dustbin. In addition, the influence of the social environment and lack of education to environmental concerns makes it even worse. Therefore, we need a method to educate people, especially children, to always care about the environment and neighborhood they live in. Because of the intended target is children, the required method should be fun, easy to do, and it doesn’t contain any compulsion act. Therefore, Eco-Mini Bag is one of considerable method to educate children in society to become more aware about environment cleanliness. Eco-Mini bag is a kind of compatible dustbin and it’s going to prevent the children not to throwing garbage in reckless way. In brief, Eco-Mini bag can increase the environment awareness on children and the whole society through exciting and convenience way. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-mini%20bag" title=" eco-mini bag"> eco-mini bag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garbage" title=" garbage "> garbage </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28540/eco-mini-bag-mini-trash-bag-for-children-environment-awareness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">229</span> The Effect and Durability of Functional Exercises on Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Bestest) in Intellectual Disabilities: A Preliminary Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeid%20Bahiraei">Saeid Bahiraei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Daneshmandi"> Hassan Daneshmandi </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Asghar%20%20Norasteh"> Ali Asghar Norasteh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study aims at the effects of 8 weeks of selected corrective exercise training in stable and unstable levels on the postural control people with ID. Problems and limitations of movement in individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are highly common, which particularly may cause the loss of basic performance and limitation of the person's independence in doing their daily activities. In the present study, thirty-four young adult intellectual disabilities were selected randomly and divided into three groups. In order to measure the balance variable indicators, BESTest was used. The intervention group did the selected performance exercise in 8 weeks (3 times of 45 to 50 minutes a week). Meanwhile, the control group did not experience any kind of exercise. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS on a significant level (p<0/05). The results showed the compromise between time and the group in all the BESTest tests is significant (P=0/001). The results of the research test compared to the studied groups with time measurements showed that there is a significant difference in the unstable group in Biomechanical constraints (P<0/05). And also, a significant difference exists in the stable and unstable level instability limits/Vertically, Postural responses, and Anticipatory postural adjustment variables (except for the follow-up and pre-test levels), Stability in Gait and Sensory Orientation in the pre-test, post-test, and follow up- pre-test stage of the test (P<0/05). In the comparison between the times of measurement with the groups under study, the results showed that Biomechanical Constraints, Anticipatory Postural adjustment and Postural responses at the pre-test-follow upstage, there was a significant difference between unstable-stable and unstable-control groups (P<0/05), it was also significant between all groups in Stability Limits/Vertically, Sensory Orientation, Stability in Gait and Overall stability index variables (P<0/05). The findings showed that the practice group at an unstable level has move improvement compared to the practice group at a stable level. In conclusion, this study presents evidence that shows selected performative practices can be recognized as a comprehensive and effective mediator in the betterment and improvement of the balance in intellectually disabled people and also affect the performative and moving activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20disability" title="intellectual disability">intellectual disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BSETest" title=" BSETest"> BSETest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postural%20control" title=" postural control"> postural control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135299/the-effect-and-durability-of-functional-exercises-on-balance-evaluation-systems-test-bestest-in-intellectual-disabilities-a-preliminary-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">228</span> Design and Optimization of a Mini High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) Multi-Role Unmanned Aerial Vehicle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishaal%20Subramanian">Vishaal Subramanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annuatha%20Vinod%20Kumar"> Annuatha Vinod Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santosh%20Kumar%20Budankayala"> Santosh Kumar Budankayala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Senthil%20Kumar"> M. Senthil Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the aerodynamic and structural design, simulation and optimization of a mini-High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) UAV. The applications of this mini HALE UAV vary from aerial topological surveys, quick first aid supply, emergency medical blood transport, search and relief activates to border patrol, surveillance and estimation of forest fire progression. Although classified as a mini UAV according to UVS International, our design is an amalgamation of the features of ‘mini’ and ‘HALE’ categories, combining the light weight of the ‘mini’ and the high altitude ceiling and endurance of the HALE. Designed with the idea of implementation in India, it is in strict compliance with the UAS rules proposed by the office of the Director General of Civil Aviation. The plane can be completely automated or have partial override control and is equipped with an Infra-Red camera and a multi coloured camera with on-board storage or live telemetry, GPS system with Geo Fencing and fail safe measures. An additional of 1.5 kg payload can be attached to three major hard points on the aircraft and can comprise of delicate equipment or releasable payloads. The paper details the design, optimization process and the simulations performed using various software such as Design Foil, XFLR5, Solidworks and Ansys. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircraft" title="aircraft">aircraft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endurance" title=" endurance"> endurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HALE" title=" HALE"> HALE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20altitude" title=" high altitude"> high altitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long%20range" title=" long range"> long range</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAV" title=" UAV"> UAV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmanned%20aerial%20vehicle" title=" unmanned aerial vehicle"> unmanned aerial vehicle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57692/design-and-optimization-of-a-mini-high-altitude-long-endurance-hale-multi-role-unmanned-aerial-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">227</span> Well-being of Lagos Urban Mini-bus Drivers: The Influence of Age and Marital Status</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bolajoko%20I.%20Malomo">Bolajoko I. Malomo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20O.%20Yusuf"> Maryam O. Yusuf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lagos urban mini-bus drivers play a critical role in the transportation sector. The current major mode of transportation within Lagos metropolis remains road transportation and this confirms the relevance of urban mini-bus drivers in transporting the populace to their various destinations. Other modes of transportation such as the train and waterways are currently inadequate. Various threats to the well-being of urban bus drivers include congested traffic typical of modern day lifestyles, dwindling financial returns due to long hours in traffic, fewer hours of sleep, inadequate diet, time pressure, and assaults related to fare disputes. Several health-related problems have been documented to be associated with urban bus driving. For instance, greater rates of hypertension, obesity and cholesterol level has been reported. Research studies are yet to identify the influence of age and marital status on the well-being of urban mini-bus drivers in Lagos metropolis. A study of this nature is necessary as it is culturally perceived in Nigeria that older and married people are especially influenced by family affiliation and would behave in ways that would project positive outcomes. The study sample consisted of 150 urban mini-bus drivers who were conveniently sampled from six (6) different terminuses where their journey begins and terminates. The well-being questionnaire was administered to participants. The criteria for inclusion in the study included the ability to read in English language and the confirmation that interested participants were on duty and suited to be driving mini-buses. Due to the nature of the job of bus driving, the researcher administered the questionnaires on participants who were free and willing to respond to the survey. All participants were males of various age groups and of different marital statuses. Results of analyses conducted revealed no significant influence of age and marital status on the well-being of urban mini-bus drivers. This indicates that the well-being of urban mini-bus drivers is not influenced by age nor marital status. The findings of this study have cultural implications. It negates the popularly held belief that older and married people care more about their well-being than younger and single people. It brings to fore the need to also identify and consider other factors when certifying people for the job of urban bus driving. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age" title="age">age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lagos%20metropolis" title=" Lagos metropolis"> Lagos metropolis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marital%20status" title=" marital status"> marital status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well-being%20of%20urban%20mini%20bus%20drivers" title=" well-being of urban mini bus drivers"> well-being of urban mini bus drivers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32995/well-being-of-lagos-urban-mini-bus-drivers-the-influence-of-age-and-marital-status" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">226</span> Development of Oral Biphasic Drug Delivery System Using a Natural Resourced Polymer, Terminalia catappa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkata%20Srikanth%20Meka">Venkata Srikanth Meka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Arthirah%20Binti%20Ahmad%20Tarmizi%20Tan"> Nur Arthirah Binti Ahmad Tarmizi Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Syahmi%20Bin%20Md%20Nazir"> Muhammad Syahmi Bin Md Nazir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adinarayana%20Gorajana"> Adinarayana Gorajana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Senthil%20Rajan%20Dharmalingam"> Senthil Rajan Dharmalingam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biphasic drug delivery systems are designed to release drug at two different rates, either fast/prolonged or prolonged/fast. A fast/prolonged release system provides a burst drug release at initial stage followed by a slow release over a prolonged period of time and in case of prolonged/fast release system, the release pattern is vice versa. Terminalia catappa gum (TCG) is a natural polymer and was successfully proven as a novel pharmaceutical excipient. The main objective of the present research is to investigate the applicability of natural polymer, Terminalia catappa gum in the design of oral biphasic drug delivery system in the form of mini tablets by using a model drug, buspirone HCl. This investigation aims to produce a biphasic release drug delivery system of buspirone by combining immediate release and prolonged release mini tablets into a capsule. For immediate release mini tablets, a dose of 4.5 mg buspirone was prepared by varying the concentration of superdisintegrant; crospovidone. On the other hand, prolonged release mini tablets were produced by using different concentrations of the natural polymer; TCG with a buspirone dose of 3mg. All mini tablets were characterized for weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration, content uniformity and dissolution studies. The optimized formulations of immediate and prolonged release mini tablets were finally combined in a capsule and was evaluated for release studies. FTIR and DSC studies were conducted to study the drug-polymer interaction. All formulations of immediate release and prolonged release mini tablets were passed all the in-process quality control tests according to US Pharmacopoeia. The disintegration time of immediate release mini tablets of different formulations was varied from 2-6 min, and maximum drug release was achieved in lesser than 60 min. Whereas prolonged release mini tablets made with TCG have shown good drug retarding properties. Formulations were controlled for about 4-10 hrs with varying concentration of TCG. As the concentration of TCG increased, the drug release retarding property also increased. The optimised mini tablets were packed in capsules and were evaluated for the release mechanism. The capsule dosage form has clearly exhibited the biphasic release of buspirone, indicating that TCG is a suitable natural polymer for this study. FTIR and DSC studies proved that there was no interaction between the drug and polymer. Based on the above positive results, it can be concluded that TCG is a suitable polymer for the biphasic drug delivery systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Terminalia%20catappa%20gum" title="Terminalia catappa gum">Terminalia catappa gum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biphasic%20release" title=" biphasic release"> biphasic release</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mini%20tablets" title=" mini tablets"> mini tablets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tablet%20in%20capsule" title=" tablet in capsule"> tablet in capsule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20polymers" title=" natural polymers"> natural polymers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50516/development-of-oral-biphasic-drug-delivery-system-using-a-natural-resourced-polymer-terminalia-catappa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">225</span> Effect of the Applied Bias on Mini-Band Structures in Dimer Fibonacci InAs/Ga1-XInXAs Superlattices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Aziz">Z. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Terkhi"> S. Terkhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Sefir"> Y. Sefir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Djelti"> R. Djelti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bentata"> S. Bentata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of a uniform electric field across multi-barrier systems (InAs/InxGa1-xAs) is exhaustively explored by a computational model using exact Airy function formalism and the transfer-matrix technique. In the case of biased DFHBSL structure a strong reduction in transmission properties was observed and the width of the mini-band structure linearly decreases with the increase of the applied bias. This is due to the confinement of the states in the mini-band structure, which becomes increasingly important (Wannier-Stark Effect). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimer%20fibonacci%20height%20barrier%20superlattices" title="dimer fibonacci height barrier superlattices">dimer fibonacci height barrier superlattices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singular%20extended%20state" title=" singular extended state"> singular extended state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exact%20Airy%20function%20and%20transfer%20matrix%20formalism" title=" exact Airy function and transfer matrix formalism"> exact Airy function and transfer matrix formalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics" title=" bioinformatics"> bioinformatics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2231/effect-of-the-applied-bias-on-mini-band-structures-in-dimer-fibonacci-inasga1-xinxas-superlattices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">224</span> An Autopilot System for Static Zone Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanchun%20Zuo">Yanchun Zuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingao%20Liu"> Yingao Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Liu"> Wei Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Le%20Yu"> Le Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Run%20Huang"> Run Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lixin%20Guo"> Lixin Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electric field detection is important in many application scenarios. The traditional strategy is measuring the electric field with a man walking around in the area under test. This strategy cannot provide a satisfactory measurement accuracy. To solve the mentioned problem, an autopilot measurement system is divided. A mini-car is produced, which can travel in the area under test according to respect to the program within the CPU. The electric field measurement platform (EFMP) carries a central computer, two horn antennas, and a vector network analyzer. The mini-car stop at the sampling points according to the preset. When the car stops, the EFMP probes the electric field and stores data on the hard disk. After all the sampling points are traversed, an electric field map can be plotted. The proposed system can give an accurate field distribution description of the chamber. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autopilot%20mini-car%20measurement%20system" title="autopilot mini-car measurement system">autopilot mini-car measurement system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20field%20detection" title=" electric field detection"> electric field detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20map" title=" field map"> field map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20zone%20measurement" title=" static zone measurement"> static zone measurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153711/an-autopilot-system-for-static-zone-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">223</span> A pilot Study of Umbilical Cord Mini-Clamp</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seng%20Sing%20Tan">Seng Sing Tan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Clamping of the umbilical cord after birth is widely practiced as a part of labor management. Further improvements were proposed to produce a smaller, lighter and more comfortable clamp while still maintaining current standards of clamping. A detachable holder was also developed to facilitate the clamping process. This pilot study on the efficacy of the mini-clamp was conducted to evaluate a tightness of the seal and a firm grip of the clamp on the umbilical cord. The study was carried out at National University Hospital, using 5 sets of placental cord. 18 samples of approximate 10 cm each were harvested. The test results showed that the mini-clamp was able to stop the flow through the cord after clamping without rupturing the cord. All slip tests passed with a load of 0.2 kg. In the pressure testing, 30kPa of saline was exerted into the umbilical veins. Although there was no physical sign of fluid leaking through the end secured by the mini-clamp, the results showed the pressure was not able to sustain the pressure set during the tests. 12 out of the 18 test samples have more than 7% of pressure drop in 30 seconds. During the pressure leak test, it was observed on several samples that when pressurized, small droplets of saline were growing on the outer surface of the cord lining membrane. It was thus hypothesized that the pressure drop was likely caused by the perfusion of the injected saline through the Wharton’s jelly and the cord lining membrane. The average pressure in the umbilical vein is roughly 2.67kPa (20 mmHg), less than 10% of 30kPa (~225mmHg), set for the pressure testing. As such, the pressure set could be over-specified, leading to undesirable outcomes. The development of the mini-clamp was an attempt to increase the comfort of newly born babies while maintaining the usability and efficacy of hospital grade umbilical cord clamp. The pressure leak in this study would be unfair to fully attribute it to the design and efficacy of the mini-clamp. Considering the unexpected leakage of saline through the umbilical membrane due to over-specified pressure exerted on the umbilical veins, improvements can definitely be made to the existing experimental setup to obtain a more accurate and conclusive outcome. If proven conclusive and effective, the mini-clamp with a detachable holder could be a smaller and potentially cheaper alternative to existing umbilical cord clamps. In addition, future clinical trials could be conducted to determine the user-friendliness of the mini-clamp and evaluate its practicality in the clinical setting by labor ward clinicians. A further potential improvement could be proposed on the sustainability factor of the mini-clamp. A biodegradable clamp would revolutionise the industry in this increasingly environmentally sustainability world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leak%20test" title="leak test">leak test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mini-clamp" title=" mini-clamp"> mini-clamp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slip%20test" title=" slip test"> slip test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=umbilical%20cord" title=" umbilical cord"> umbilical cord</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137435/a-pilot-study-of-umbilical-cord-mini-clamp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">222</span> Driving Performance Improvement in Mini Markets: The Impact of Talent Management, Business Skills, and Technology Adoption in Johannesburg and Cape Town, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fedil%20Jemal%20Ahmed">Fedil Jemal Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This conference abstract paper presents a study that aimed to explore the impact of talent management and business skills on performance improvement in mini markets located in Johannesburg and Cape Town, South Africa. Mini markets are small retail stores that play a crucial role in providing essential goods and services to communities. However, due to their small size, they often face significant challenges in terms of resources and management. The study conducted interviews with mini market owners and managers in Johannesburg and Cape Town to understand their approach to talent management, business skills, and their impact on business performance. The results showed that effective talent management practices, including recruitment, training, and retention, along with strong business skills, had a significant positive impact on business performance in mini markets. Furthermore, the study found that the use of technology, such as point of sale systems and inventory management software, can also contribute to business performance improvement in mini markets. The results suggest that mini market owners and managers should prioritize talent management, business skills, and invest in technology to improve their business performance. Comparing the improvements made by mini markets in Johannesburg and Cape Town to those made by others, the study found that the adoption of effective talent management practices and strong business skills were key factors in driving performance improvement. Mini market owners and managers who invested in these areas were better equipped to manage their resources, enhance their customer service, and increase their profitability. When comparing the personal experiences of the fedil jemal who improved their business performance from a small market to a large one, they found that effective talent management practices and strong business skills were crucial in achieving success. Through the adoption of effective talent management practices, the fedil was able to attract and retain top talent, ensuring that the business was managed effectively. Furthermore, the fedil invested in improving their business skills, such as financial management, marketing, and customer service, which helped to increase their revenue and profitability. In terms of technology adoption, the author found that the use of point-of-sale systems and inventory management software were essential in managing their inventory and improving their customer service. By investing in technology, the fedil was able to streamline their operations and enhance their overall business performance. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the importance of talent management, business skills, and technology adoption in improving business performance in mini markets. It highlights the need for mini market owners and managers to prioritize these areas and invest in them to enhance their business performance. The findings of this study have practical implications for mini market owners and managers who are looking to improve their business performance and compete in a highly competitive market. By adopting effective talent management practices, developing strong business skills, and investing in technology, mini market owners and managers can improve their operations and increase their profitability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=talent%20management" title="talent management">talent management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20skills" title=" business skills"> business skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20adoption" title=" technology adoption"> technology adoption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mini%20markets" title=" mini markets"> mini markets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165958/driving-performance-improvement-in-mini-markets-the-impact-of-talent-management-business-skills-and-technology-adoption-in-johannesburg-and-cape-town-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165958.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">221</span> Thermal Analysis on Heat Transfer Enhancement and Fluid Flow for Al2O3 Water-Ethylene Glycol Nano Fluid in Single PEMFC Mini Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irnie%20Zakaria">Irnie Zakaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20A.%20N.%20W.%20Mohamed"> W. A. N. W. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20H.%20Azmi"> W. H. Azmi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermal enhancement of a single mini channel in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) cooling plate is numerically investigated. In this study, low concentration of Al2O3 in Water - Ethylene Glycol mixtures is used as coolant in mini channel of carbon graphite plate to mimic the PEMFC cooling plate. A steady and incompressible flow with constant heat flux is assumed in the channel of 1mm x 5mm x 100mm. Nano particle of Al2O3 used ranges from 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 vol % concentration and then dispersed in 60:40 (water: Ethylene Glycol) mixture. The effect of different flow rates to fluid flow and heat transfer enhancement in Re number range of 20 to 140 was observed. The result showed that heat transfer coefficient was improved by 18.11%, 9.86% and 5.37% for 0.5, 0.3 and 0.1 vol % Al2O3 in 60:40 (water: EG) as compared to base fluid of 60:40 (water: EG). It is also showed that the higher vol % concentration of Al2O3 performed better in term of thermal enhancement but at the expense of higher pumping power required due to increase in pressure drop experienced. Maximum additional pumping power of 0.0012W was required for 0.5 vol % Al2O3 in 60:40 (water: EG) at Re number 140. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mini%20channel" title=" mini channel"> mini channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluid" title=" nanofluid"> nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEMFC" title=" PEMFC"> PEMFC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31505/thermal-analysis-on-heat-transfer-enhancement-and-fluid-flow-for-al2o3-water-ethylene-glycol-nano-fluid-in-single-pemfc-mini-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">220</span> Design of an Active Compression System for Treating Vascular Disease Using a Series of Silicone Based Inflatable Mini Bladders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gayani%20K.%20Nandasiri">Gayani K. Nandasiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tilak%20Dias"> Tilak Dias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Hurley"> William Hurley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Venous disease of human lower limb could range from minor asymptomatic incompetence of venous valves to chronic venous ulceration. The sheer prevalence of varicose veins and its associated significant costs of treating late complications such as chronic ulcers contribute to a higher burden on health care resources. In most of western countries with developed health care systems, treatment costs associated with Venous disease accounts for a considerable portion of their total health care budget, and it has become a high-cost burden to National Health Service (NHS), UK. The established gold standard of treatment for the venous disease is the graduated compression, where the pressure at the ankle being highest and decreasing towards the knee and thigh. Currently, medical practitioners use two main methods to treat venous disease; i.e. compression bandaging and compression stockings. Both these systems have their own disadvantages which lead to the current programme of research. The aim of the present study is to revolutionize the compression therapy by using a novel active compression system to deliver a controllable and more accurate pressure profiles using a series of inflatable mini bladders. Two types of commercially available silicones were tested for the application. The mini bladders were designed with a special fabrication procedure to provide required pressure profiles, and a series of experiments were conducted to characterise the mini bladders. The inflation/deflation heights of these mini bladders were investigated experimentally and using a finite element model (FEM), and the experimental data were compared to the results obtained from FEM simulations, which showed 70-80% agreement. Finally, the mini bladders were tested for its pressure transmittance characteristics, and the results showed a 70-80% of inlet air pressure transmitted onto the treated surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title="finite element analysis">finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graduated%20compression" title=" graduated compression"> graduated compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflatable%20bladders" title=" inflatable bladders"> inflatable bladders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=venous%20disease" title=" venous disease"> venous disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79119/design-of-an-active-compression-system-for-treating-vascular-disease-using-a-series-of-silicone-based-inflatable-mini-bladders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">219</span> Numerical Analysis of Roughness Effect on Mini and Microchannels: Hydrodynamics and Heat Transfer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El-Ghalia%20Filali">El-Ghalia Filali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cherif%20Gadouche"> Cherif Gadouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Tahar"> Mohamed Tahar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A three-dimensional numerical simulation of ﬂow through mini and microchannels with designed roughness is conducted here. The effect of the roughness height (surface roughness), geometry, Reynolds number on the friction factor and the Nusselt number is investigated. The study is carried out by employing CFD software, CFX. Our work focuses on a water flow inside a circular mini-channel of 1 mm and microchannels of 500 and 100 μm in diameter. The speed entry varies from 0.1 m/s to 20 m/s. The general trend can be observed that bigger sizes of roughness element lead to higher flow resistance. It is found that the friction factor increases in a nonlinear fashion with the increase in obstruction height. Particularly, the effect of roughness can no longer be ignored at relative roughness height higher than 3%. A significant increase in Poiseuille number is detected for all configurations considered. The same observation can be done for Nusselt number. The transition zone between laminar and turbulent flow depends on the channel diameter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamics" title="hydrodynamics">hydrodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minichannel" title=" minichannel"> minichannel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microchannel" title=" microchannel"> microchannel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness" title=" roughness"> roughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34312/numerical-analysis-of-roughness-effect-on-mini-and-microchannels-hydrodynamics-and-heat-transfer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">218</span> Numerical Simulation of Structured Roughness Effect on Fluid Flow Characteristics and Heat Transfer in Minichannels </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Chouatah">R. Chouatah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20G.%20Filali"> E. G. Filali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Zouzou"> B. Zouzou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It has been well established that there are no differences between microscale and macroscale flows of incompressible liquids. However, surface roughness has been known to impact the transport phenomena. The effect of structured roughness on the dynamics and heat transfer of water flowing through minichannel was numerically investigated in this study. Our study consists in characterizing the dynamic field and heat transfer aspect of a flow in circular minichannel equipped with structured roughness using CFD software, CFX. The study is performed to understand the effect of various roughness elements (rectangular, triangular), roughness height and roughness pitch on the friction factor and heat transfer coefficient. Our work focuses on a water flow inside a circular mini-channel of 1 mm in diameter and 10 cm in length. The speed entry into the mini-channel varies from 0.1 m/s to 25 m/s. The wall of the mini-channel is submitted to a constant heat flux; q=100,000 W/m². The simulations results are compared to those obtained with smooth minichannel and the existing experimental and numerical results in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminar%20and%20turbulent%20flow" title=" laminar and turbulent flow"> laminar and turbulent flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minichannel" title=" minichannel"> minichannel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structured%20roughness" title=" structured roughness"> structured roughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18533/numerical-simulation-of-structured-roughness-effect-on-fluid-flow-characteristics-and-heat-transfer-in-minichannels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">217</span> Clustering Using Cooperative Multihop Mini-Groups in Wireless Sensor Network: A Novel Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Virender%20Ranga">Virender Ranga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mayank%20Dave"> Mayank Dave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anil%20Kumar%20Verma"> Anil Kumar Verma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used in many real life applications like environmental monitoring, habitat monitoring, health monitoring etc. Due to power constraint cheaper devices used in these applications, the energy consumption of each device should be kept as low as possible such that network operates for longer period of time. One of the techniques to prolong the network lifetime is an intelligent grouping of sensor nodes such that they can perform their operation in cooperative and energy efficient manner. With this motivation, we propose a novel approach by organize the sensor nodes in cooperative multihop mini-groups so that the total global energy consumption of the network can be reduced and network lifetime can be improved. Our proposed approach also reduces the number of transmitted messages inside the WSNs, which further minimizes the energy consumption of the whole network. The experimental simulations show that our proposed approach outperforms over the state-of-the-art approach in terms of stability period and aggregated data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title="clustering">clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster-head" title=" cluster-head"> cluster-head</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mini-group" title=" mini-group"> mini-group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability%20period" title=" stability period"> stability period</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11606/clustering-using-cooperative-multihop-mini-groups-in-wireless-sensor-network-a-novel-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">216</span> Robotic Mini Gastric Bypass Surgery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20Prasad">Arun Prasad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Tiwari"> Abhishek Tiwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rekha%20Jaiswal"> Rekha Jaiswal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivek%20Chaudhary"> Vivek Chaudhary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Robotic Roux en Y gastric bypass is being done for some time but is technically difficult, requiring operating in both the sub diaphragmatic and infracolic compartments of the abdomen. This can mean a dual docking of the robot or a hybrid partial laparoscopic and partial robotic surgery. The Mini /One anastomosis /omega loop gastric bypass (MGB) has the advantage of having all dissection and anastomosis in the supracolic compartment and is therefore suitable technically for robotic surgery. Methods: We have done 208 robotic mini gastric bypass surgeries. The robot is docked above the head of the patient in the midline. Camera port is placed supra umbilically. Two ports are placed on the left side of the patient and one port on the right side of the patient. An assistant port is placed between the camera port and right sided robotic port for use of stapler. Distal stomach is stapled from the lesser curve followed by a vertical sleeve upwards leading to a long sleeve pouch. Jejunum is taken at 200 cm from the duodenojejunal junction and brought up to do a side to side gastrojejunostomy. Results: All patients had a successful robotic procedure. Mean time taken was 85 minutes. There were major intraoperative or post operative complications. No patient needed conversion or re-explorative surgery. Mean excess weight loss over a period of 2 year was about 75%. There was no mortality. Patient satisfaction score was high and was attributed to the good weight loss and minimal dietary modifications that were needed after the procedure. Long term side effects were anemia and bile reflux in a small number of patients. Conclusions: MGB / OAGB is gaining worldwide interest as a short simple procedure that has been shown to very effective and safe bariatric surgery. The purpose of this study was to report on the safety and efficacy of robotic surgery for this procedure. This is the first report of totally robotic mini gastric bypass. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MGB" title="MGB">MGB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mini%20gastric%20bypass" title=" mini gastric bypass"> mini gastric bypass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OAGB" title=" OAGB"> OAGB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotic%20bariatric%20surgery" title=" robotic bariatric surgery"> robotic bariatric surgery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47463/robotic-mini-gastric-bypass-surgery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">215</span> Application of 3-6 Years Old Children Basketball Appropriate Forms of Teaching Auxiliary Equipment in Early Childhood Basketball Game</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hai%20Zeng">Hai Zeng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anqing%20Liu"> Anqing Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuguang%20Dan"> Shuguang Dan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Zhang"> Ying Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Li"> Yan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zihang%20Zeng"> Zihang Zeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Children are strong; the country strong, the development of children Basketball is a strategic advantage. Common forms of basketball equipment has been difficult to meet the needs of young children teaching the game of basketball, basketball development for 3-6 years old children in the form of appropriate teaching aids is a breakthrough basketball game teaching children bottlenecks, improve teaching critical path pleasure, but also the development of early childhood basketball a necessary requirement. In this study, literature, questionnaires, focus group interviews, comparative analysis, for domestic and foreign use of 12 kinds of basketball teaching aids (cloud computing MINI basketball, adjustable basketball MINI, MINI basketball court, shooting assist paw print ball, dribble goggles, dribbling machine, machine cartoon shooting, rebounding machine, against the mat, elastic belt, ladder, fitness ball), from fun and improve early childhood shooting technique, dribbling technology, as well as offensive and defensive rebounding against technology conduct research on conversion technology. The results show that by using appropriate forms of teaching children basketball aids, can effectively improve children's fun basketball game, targeted to improve a technology, different types of aids from different perspectives enrich the connotation of children basketball game. Recommended for children of color psychology, cartoon and environmentally friendly material production aids, and increase research efforts basketball aids children, encourage children to sports teachers aids applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appropriate%20forms%20of%20children%20basketball" title="appropriate forms of children basketball">appropriate forms of children basketball</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auxiliary%20equipment" title=" auxiliary equipment"> auxiliary equipment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appli" title=" appli"> appli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MINI%20basketball" title=" MINI basketball"> MINI basketball</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-6%20years%20old%20children" title=" 3-6 years old children"> 3-6 years old children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching" title=" teaching"> teaching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46262/application-of-3-6-years-old-children-basketball-appropriate-forms-of-teaching-auxiliary-equipment-in-early-childhood-basketball-game" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46262.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">214</span> China’s Hotel m-Bookers’ Perceptions of their Booking Experiences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiqi%20Xia">Weiqi Xia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We assess the perceptions of China’s hotel m-bookers using the E-SERVQUAL model and technology affordance assessment metrics. The data analysis provides insight into Chinese hotel m-bookers’ perceptions of information quality items, system quality items, and functional quality items. Respondents’ perceived value of such items is greatly enhanced via mini-program support and self-service innovation, which are predicted to be of increasing importance in the future. The findings of this study help close the gap between hotel operators’ understanding and customers’ perceptions. Our findings may also provide valuable insights into the functioning of China’s hotel industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20hotel%20booking" title="mobile hotel booking">mobile hotel booking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hotel%20m-bookers" title=" hotel m-bookers"> hotel m-bookers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20perception" title=" user perception"> user perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China%E2%80%99s%20WeChat%20mini%20program" title=" China’s WeChat mini program"> China’s WeChat mini program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hotel%20booking%20apps." title=" hotel booking apps."> hotel booking apps.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186667/chinas-hotel-m-bookers-perceptions-of-their-booking-experiences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">44</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">213</span> Calibration of Mini TEPC and Measurement of Lineal Energy in a Mixed Radiation Field Produced by Neutrons</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20C.%20Cho">I. C. Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20H.%20Wen"> W. H. Wen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Y.%20Tsai"> H. Y. Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20C.%20Chao"> T. C. Chao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20J.%20Tung"> C. J. Tung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) is a useful instrument used to measure radiation single-event energy depositions in a subcellular target volume. The quantity of measurements is the microdosimetric lineal energy, which determines the relative biological effectiveness, RBE, for radiation therapy or the radiation-weighting factor, WR, for radiation protection. TEPC is generally used in a mixed radiation field, where each component radiation has its own RBE or WR value. To reduce the pile-up effect during radiotherapy measurements, a miniature TEPC (mini TEPC) with cavity size in the order of 1 mm may be required. In the present work, a homemade mini TEPC with a cylindrical cavity of 1 mm in both the diameter and the height was constructed to measure the lineal energy spectrum of a mixed radiation field with high- and low-LET radiations. Instead of using external radiation beams to penetrate the detector wall, mixed radiation fields were produced by the interactions of neutrons with TEPC walls that contained small plugs of different materials, i.e. Li, B, A150, Cd and N. In all measurements, mini TEPC was placed at the beam port of the Tsing Hua Open-pool Reactor (THOR). Measurements were performed using the propane-based tissue-equivalent gas mixture, i.e. 55% C3H8, 39.6% CO2 and 5.4% N2 by partial pressures. The gas pressure of 422 torr was applied for the simulation of a 1 m diameter biological site. The calibration of mini TEPC was performed using two marking points in the lineal energy spectrum, i.e. proton edge and electron edge. Measured spectra revealed high lineal energy (> 100 keV/m) peaks due to neutron-capture products, medium lineal energy (10 – 100 keV/m) peaks from hydrogen-recoil protons, and low lineal energy (< 10 keV/m) peaks of reactor photons. For cases of Li and B plugs, the high lineal energy peaks were quite prominent. The medium lineal energy peaks were in the decreasing order of Li, Cd, N, A150, and B. The low lineal energy peaks were smaller compared to other peaks. This study demonstrated that internally produced mixed radiations from the interactions of neutrons with different plugs in the TEPC wall provided a useful approach for TEPC measurements of lineal energies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TEPC" title="TEPC">TEPC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lineal%20energy" title=" lineal energy"> lineal energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microdosimetry" title=" microdosimetry"> microdosimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20quality" title=" radiation quality"> radiation quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39418/calibration-of-mini-tepc-and-measurement-of-lineal-energy-in-a-mixed-radiation-field-produced-by-neutrons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">212</span> The Spatial Potential of the Croatian Adriatic Area for the Development of an Indigenous Form of Cruising Tourism - Mini Croatian Cruiser</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sre%C4%87ko%20Favro">Srećko Favro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dora%20Mu%C5%BEini%C4%87"> Dora Mužinić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea has been a significant part of the most important traffic corridors since Antiquity due to its position as the deepest indented bay of the Mediterranean and numerous bays on the coast and is-lands. The central place throughout history was occupied by the central part - Split-Dalmatia County, with its center in Antica in Salona and later in Split. Nowadays, in addition to its traffic and economic importance, this area is also important for tourism, an area where Croatia develops its economy and realizing its economic growth. Nautical tourism is the most important form of the tourist economic sector that uses the geographical features of the Croatian Adriatic water area and achieves the greatest growth based on tour-ist trends in the world (coronavirus - separation from the masses, adventure tourism - own arrangements) and thus opens up the possibility of develop-ment for other parts of the tourist economy. This will be described in the ex-ample of the business of the Split-Dalmatia County shipping company from Krilo Jesenice, which operates as a mini-cruising service provider, the lead-ing form of cruising in Croatia. The advantages that this type of tourism provides to travelers in terms of customized itineraries, high-quality services, an intimate atmosphere, and a unique experience through familiarization with local culture and tradition will be considered. Through direct primary research and analysis of available secondary research data, an attempt will be made to show how traditional Croatian mini cruisers manage to stand out in a competitive tourist environment. Their impact on the local economy, sus-tainability, and environmental protection will be considered, as well as how they are integrated into the tourist offer of other destinations in Croatia. In addition, the challenges and opportunities that arise in the maintenance and development of traditional Croatian mini cruisers will be discussed, includ-ing issues such as infrastructure, staff training, and market trends. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=croatia" title="croatia">croatia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adriatic" title=" adriatic"> adriatic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cruising" title=" cruising"> cruising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nautical%20tourism" title=" nautical tourism"> nautical tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mini%20cruise" title=" mini cruise"> mini cruise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170069/the-spatial-potential-of-the-croatian-adriatic-area-for-the-development-of-an-indigenous-form-of-cruising-tourism-mini-croatian-cruiser" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170069.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">211</span> Mini Coal Gasifier for Fulfilling Small-Scale Industries Energy Consumption in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ade%20Andriansyah%20Efendi">Muhammad Ade Andriansyah Efendi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ika%20Monika"> Ika Monika </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mini coal gasifier (GasMin) is a small reactor that could convert coal into combustible gas or producer gas which is designed to fulfill energy needs of small-scale industries. The producer gas can be utilized for both external and internal combustion. The design of coal gasifier is suitable for community require because it is easy to handle, affordable and environmentally friendly. The feasibility study shows that the substitution of 12 kg LPG or specially 50 kg LPG into GasMin of 20 kg coal capacity per hour is very attractive. The estimation price of 20 kg coal per hour capacity GasMin is 40 million rupiahs. In the year 2016, the implementation of GasMin conducted at alumunium industry and batik industry at Yogyakarta, Indonesia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal" title=" coal"> coal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gasification" title=" gasification"> gasification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65805/mini-coal-gasifier-for-fulfilling-small-scale-industries-energy-consumption-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65805.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">210</span> The First Fungal Identification from Mini-BAL of Critical COVID-19 Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Fallah">Fatemeh Fallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ensieh%20Lotfali"> Ensieh Lotfali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Azimi"> Leila Azimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hannan%20Khodaei"> Hannan Khodaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Rajabnejad"> Maryam Rajabnejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nafiseh%20Abdollahi"> Nafiseh Abdollahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Tayebi"> Hossein Tayebi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saham%20Ansari"> Saham Ansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeedeh%20Yaghoubi"> Saeedeh Yaghoubi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdollah%20Karimi"> Abdollah Karimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide issue due to its high prevalence and rapid transmission. Fungal infections have been detected in COVID-19 patients, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This study aimed to isolate Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor spp. on mini-bronchoalveolar lavage samples obtained from children with COVID-19 hospitalized in an Iranian children’s hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on mini-bronchoalveolar lavage samples from children confirmed positive for COVID-19 admitted to ICU with a ventilator from April 2021 to February 2022. Demographic characteristics were recorded, and fungal DNA was extracted from mini-BAL samples taken from children. Nested PCR was made with two primers for Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor spp. Results: Out of 100 children with COVID-19, all samples were negative for Aspergillus fumigatus; however, 12 cases were positive for BAL PCR for Mucor spp. Among the 12 patients, fever, shortness of breath, cough, and decreased level of consciousness were reported in 8.3% (n: 1), 16.6% (n: 2), 25% (n: 3), and 25% (n: 3), respectively. Most cases (41.7%; n: 5) suffered from heart disease, followed by underlying malignancy (33.4%; n: 4). All positive BAL PCR for Mucor spp. cases had significantly higher chest CT scan scores and spent more time under a ventilator. Conclusions: The identification of COVID-19 with Mucor spp. was observed among 12% (n: 12) of children hospitalized in a COVID-19 ICU. When dealing with pediatric COVID-19 patients, clinicians should consider the differential diagnosis of fungal co-infections and have a low threshold to begin treatment. Moreover, it is highly advisable to take prophylactic measures, such as properly using corticosteroids and shortening the intubation time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspergillosis" title="aspergillosis">aspergillosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19%20identification" title=" COVID-19 identification"> COVID-19 identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucormycosis" title=" mucormycosis"> mucormycosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paediatrics" title=" paediatrics"> paediatrics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184705/the-first-fungal-identification-from-mini-bal-of-critical-covid-19-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184705.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">209</span> The Effectiveness of Humanoid Diagram Teaching Strategy on Retention Rate of Novice Nurses in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yung-Hui%20Tang">Yung-Hui Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan-Chiou%20Ku"> Yan-Chiou Ku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-Chi%20Huang"> Li-Chi Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the effect of the Humanoid Diagram Teaching (HDT) strategy on novice nurses’ care ability and retention rate. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study using two groups concurrently with repeat measurements sample consisted of 24 novice nurses (12 in each experimental and control group) in a medical center in southern Taiwan. Both groups all received regular training program (nursing standard techniques and practices, concept map, mini-CEX, CbD, and clinical education and training), and experimental group added the HDT program. The HDT strategy includes the contents of patients’ body humanoid drawing and discussion for 30 minutes each time, three times a week, and continually for four weeks. The effectiveness of ＨDT was evaluated by mini-CEX, CbD and clinical assessment and retention rate at the 3rd month and 6th month. Results: The novice nurses' care ability were examined, only CbD score in the control group was improved in the 3rd month and with statistical difference, p = .003. The mini-CEX and CbD in the experimental group were significantly improved in both the first and third month with statistical differences p = .00. Although mini-CEX and CbD in the experimental group were higher than the control group, but there was no significant difference p > .05. Retention rate of the experimental group in the third month and sixth month was significantly higher than the control group, and there was a statistically significant difference p < .05. Conclusions: The study reveals that HDT strategy can help novice nurses learning, enhancing their knowledge and technical capability, analytical skills in case-based caring, and retention. The HDT strategy can be served as an effective strategy for novice training for better nurse retention rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humanoid%20diagram%20teaching%20strategy" title="humanoid diagram teaching strategy">humanoid diagram teaching strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=novice%20nurses%20retention" title=" novice nurses retention"> novice nurses retention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20strategy%20of%20nurse%20retention" title=" teaching strategy of nurse retention"> teaching strategy of nurse retention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20learning%20mode" title=" visual learning mode"> visual learning mode</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84554/the-effectiveness-of-humanoid-diagram-teaching-strategy-on-retention-rate-of-novice-nurses-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">208</span> Assess Changes in Groundwater Dynamics Caused by Mini Dam Construction in Arid Zone of District Killa Abdullah, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akhtar%20Malik%20Muhammad">Akhtar Malik Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agha%20Mirwais"> Agha Mirwais</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dams are considered to recharge aquifers by raising the water table, especially the ones near wells. The present study investigates the impact of dams on groundwater recharge in Jilga, Pakistan. The comparative analysis of changes in the groundwater table of the year 2012 and 2019 was carried out using ArcGIS 10.5 through the kriging method and remote sensing techniques to evaluate the mini dam's impact on the upstream area. Arc Info Spatial Analyze extension was used to find static water level maps of the years. The water table was observed minimum 67.08 feet and maximum 130.09 feet in 2012 whereas in 2019 the minimum water table level 49.89 feet and maximum 115.85 feet. Groundwater recharge with different ratio was noted, but the most significant was at Rabbani dam with 26ft due to supported lithology conditions and the lowest recharge was found at Garang dam14ft. The overall positive trend indicates the rehabilitation of dead karez and agriculture activities by increasing 36% the vegetation area in 2019. An over 6% increase in human settlement indicates socioeconomic development. Thus, it highlights the need for preferential focus on the construction of the dam so that the water level could be sustained to cater to the agricultural and domestic needs of the local population around the year <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20table" title="water table">water table</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20cover" title=" land cover"> land cover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mini%20dams" title=" mini dams"> mini dams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title=" agriculture"> agriculture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159460/assess-changes-in-groundwater-dynamics-caused-by-mini-dam-construction-in-arid-zone-of-district-killa-abdullah-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">207</span> A Mini Radar System for Low Altitude Targets Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kangkang%20Wu">Kangkang Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaizhi%20Wang"> Kaizhi Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhijun%20Yuan"> Zhijun Yuan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with a mini radar system aimed at detecting small targets at the low latitude. The radar operates at Ku-band in the frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) mode with two receiving channels. The radar system has the characteristics of compactness, mobility, and low power consumption. This paper focuses on the implementation of the radar system, and the Block least mean square (Block LMS) algorithm is applied to minimize the fortuitous distortion. It is validated from a series of experiments that the track of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can be easily distinguished with the radar system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmanned%20aerial%20vehicle%20%28UAV%29" title="unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)">unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interference" title=" interference"> interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Block%20Least%20Mean%20Square%20%28Block%20LMS%29%20Algorithm" title=" Block Least Mean Square (Block LMS) Algorithm"> Block Least Mean Square (Block LMS) Algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frequency%20Modulated%20Continuous%20Wave%20%28FMCW%29" title=" Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW)"> Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71341/a-mini-radar-system-for-low-altitude-targets-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">206</span> Error Analysis in Academic Writing of EFL Learners: A Case Study for Undergraduate Students at Pathein University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aye%20Pa%20Pa%20Myo">Aye Pa Pa Myo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Writing in English is accounted as a complex process for English as a foreign language learners. Besides, committing errors in writing can be found as an inevitable part of language learners’ writing. Generally, academic writing is quite difficult for most of the students to manage for getting better scores. Students can commit common errors in their writings when they try to write academic writing. Error analysis deals with identifying and detecting the errors and also explains the reason for the occurrence of these errors. In this paper, the researcher has an attempt to examine the common errors of undergraduate students in their academic writings at Pathein University. The purpose of doing this research is to investigate the errors which students usually commit in academic writing and to find out the better ways for correcting these errors in EFL classrooms. In this research, fifty-third-year non-English specialization students attending Pathein University were selected as participants. This research took one month. It was conducted with a mixed methodology method. Two mini-tests were used as research tools. Data were collected with a quantitative research method. Findings from this research pointed that most of the students noticed their common errors after getting the necessary input, and they became more decreased committing these errors after taking mini-test; hence, all findings will be supportive for further researches related to error analysis in academic writing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20writing" title="academic writing">academic writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20analysis" title=" error analysis"> error analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EFL%20learners" title=" EFL learners"> EFL learners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mini-tests" title=" mini-tests"> mini-tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20methodology" title=" mixed methodology"> mixed methodology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135950/error-analysis-in-academic-writing-of-efl-learners-a-case-study-for-undergraduate-students-at-pathein-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">205</span> Numerical Analysis of Mandible Fracture Stabilization System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20Wadolowski">Piotr Wadolowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grzegorz%20Krzesinski"> Grzegorz Krzesinski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20Gutowski"> Piotr Gutowski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the presented work is to recognize the impact of mini-plate application approach on the stress and displacement within the stabilization devices and surrounding bones. The mini-plate osteosynthesis technique is widely used by craniofacial surgeons as an improved replacement of wire connection approach. Many different types of metal plates and screws are used to the physical connection of fractured bones. Below investigation is based on a clinical observation of patient hospitalized with mini-plate stabilization system. Analysis was conducted on a solid mandible geometry, which was modeled basis on the computed tomography scan of the hospitalized patient. In order to achieve most realistic connected system behavior, the cortical and cancellous bone layers were assumed. The temporomandibular joint was simplified to the elastic element to allow physiological movement of loaded bone. The muscles of mastication system were reduced to three pairs, modeled as shell structures. Finite element grid was created by the ANSYS software, where hexahedral and tetrahedral variants of SOLID185 element were used. A set of nonlinear contact conditions were applied on connecting devices and bone common surfaces. Properties of particular contact pair depend on screw - mini-plate connection type and possible gaps between fractured bone around osteosynthesis region. Some of the investigated cases contain prestress introduced to the mini-plate during the application, what responds the initial bending of the connecting device to fit the retromolar fossa region. Assumed bone fracture occurs within the mandible angle zone. Due to the significant deformation of the connecting plate in some of the assembly cases the elastic-plastic model of titanium alloy was assumed. The bone tissues were covered by the orthotropic material. As a loading were used the gauge force of magnitude of 100N applied in three different locations. Conducted analysis shows significant impact of mini-plate application methodology on the stress distribution within the miniplate. Prestress effect introduces additional loading, which leads to locally exceed the titanium alloy yield limit. Stress in surrounding bone increases rapidly around the screws application region, exceeding assumed bone yield limit, what indicate the local bone destruction. Approach with the doubled mini-plate shows increased stress within the connector due to the too rigid connection, where the main path of loading leads through the mini-plates instead of plates and connected bones. Clinical observations confirm more frequent plate destruction of stiffer connections. Some of them could be an effect of decreased low cyclic fatigue capability caused by the overloading. The executed analysis prove that the mini-plate system provides sufficient support to mandible fracture treatment, however, many applicable solutions shifts the entire system to the allowable material limits. The results show that connector application with the initial loading needs to be carefully established due to the small material capability tolerances. Comparison to the clinical observations allows optimizing entire connection to prevent future incidents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mandible%20fracture" title="mandible fracture">mandible fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mini-plate%20connection" title=" mini-plate connection"> mini-plate connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteosynthesis" title=" osteosynthesis"> osteosynthesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63530/numerical-analysis-of-mandible-fracture-stabilization-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63530.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">204</span> Finite Element Analysis of Mini-Plate Stabilization of Mandible Fracture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20Wadolowski">Piotr Wadolowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grzegorz%20Krzesinski"> Grzegorz Krzesinski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20Gutowski"> Piotr Gutowski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the presented investigation is to recognize the possible mechanical issues of mini-plate connection used to treat mandible fractures and to check the impact of different factors for the stresses and displacements within the bone-stabilizer system. The mini-plate osteosynthesis technique is a common type of internal fixation using metal plates connected to the fractured bone parts by a set of screws. The selected two types of plate application methodology used by maxillofacial surgeons were investigated in the work. Those patterns differ in location and number of plates. The bone geometry was modeled on the base of computed tomography scans of hospitalized patient done just after mini-plate application. The solid volume geometry consisting of cortical and cancellous bone was created based on gained cloud of points. Temporomandibular joint and muscle system were simulated to imitate the real masticatory system behavior. Finite elements mesh and analysis were performed by ANSYS software. To simulate realistic connection behavior nonlinear contact conditions were used between the connecting elements and bones. The influence of the initial compression of the connected bone parts or the gap between them was analyzed. Nonlinear material properties of the bone tissues and elastic-plastic model of titanium alloy were used. The three cases of loading assuming the force of magnitude of 100N acting on the left molars, the right molars and the incisors were investigated. Stress distribution within connecting plate shows that the compression of the bone parts in the connection results in high stress concentration in the plate and the screws, however the maximum stress levels do not exceed material (titanium) yield limit. There are no significant differences between negative offset (gap) and no-offset conditions. The location of the external force influences the magnitude of stresses around both the plate and bone parts. Two-plate system gives generally lower von Misses stress under the same loading than the one-plating approach. Von Mises stress distribution within the cortical bone shows reduction of high stress field for the cases without the compression (neutral initial contact). For the initial prestressing there is a visible significant stress increase around the fixing holes at the bottom mini-plate due to the assembly stress. The local stress concentration may be the reason of bone destruction in those regions. The performed calculations prove that the bone-mini-plate system is able to properly stabilize the fractured mandible bone. There is visible strong dependency between the mini-plate location and stress distribution within the stabilizer structure and the surrounding bone tissue. The results (stresses within the bone tissues and within the devices, relative displacements of the bone parts at the interface) corresponding to different models of the connection provide a basis for the mechanical optimization of the mini-plate connections. The results of the performed numerical simulations were compared to clinical observation. They provide information helpful for better understanding of the load transfer in the mandible with the stabilizer and for improving stabilization techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20modeling" title="finite element modeling">finite element modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mandible%20fracture" title=" mandible fracture"> mandible fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mini-plate%20connection" title=" mini-plate connection"> mini-plate connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteosynthesis" title=" osteosynthesis"> osteosynthesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58124/finite-element-analysis-of-mini-plate-stabilization-of-mandible-fracture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58124.pdf" 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