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<div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Maxsus:Search"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Vikipediyadan qidirish" aria-label="Vikipediyadan qidirish" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Vikipediyadan qidirish [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Qidirish</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Foydalanuvchi navigatsiyasi"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Eritma</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eritma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Boshqa tilda oʻqish" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Boshqa tilda oʻqish</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UserLogin&returnto=Eritma&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Kuzatish</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eritma&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Tahrirlash</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="uz" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p><b>Eritma</b> – bu moddaning maʼlum temperatura taʼsiridagi suyultirilgan , <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erish">erish</a> va qaynash nuqtalari oʻrtasidagi holatdir.</p> <p>Qoidaga koʻra, amaliyotda, eritmalar qatoriga, <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kimyoviy_reaksiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kimyoviy reaksiya">kimyoviy reaksiya</a> natijasida suyuq agregat holatda, normal sharoitda esa asosan qattiq agregat holatida boʻlgan moddalar kiritiladi. Masalan, suyuq suv va spirt, suyultirilgan gazlar garchi ular eritma atamasiga taʼrifda keltiriladiganidek fizik va kimyoviy xossalariga koʻra suyuq boʻlsada, eritmalar qatoriga kiritilmaydi.</p> <p>Eritmalar harakatining tabiati va xarakteri erigan moddadagi <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kimyoviy_unsur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kimyoviy unsur">elementlarning</a> kimyoviy bogʻlanish turi bilan belgilanadi. Eritmalar, odatda, uni tashkil etuvchi zarralar oʻrtasida qisqa masofali bogʻlanish tartibining mavjudligi va oʻrta, uzoq masofali tartibning yoʻqligi bilan tavsiflanadi<sup id="cite_ref-akhmetov_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eritma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-akhmetov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="uz" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Mundarija</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eritma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Qo%CA%BBllanilishi"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Qoʻllanilishi</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eritma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Turlari"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Turlari</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eritma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Erish_harorati"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Erish harorati</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eritma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Amorf_holat"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Amorf holat</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eritma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Yana_qarang"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Yana qarang</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eritma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Manbalar"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Manbalar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Qoʻllanilishi"><span id="Qo.CA.BBllanilishi"></span>Qoʻllanilishi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eritma&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Qoʻllanilishi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>tahrir</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Eritmalar <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metallurgiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metallurgiya">metallurgiya</a>, shishasozlik va texnikaning boshqa sohalarida keng qoʻllanadi.</p> <p>Moddaning erigan holatida uning tarkibidan boshqa moddani eritma koʻrinishida oson va istalgan hajmda ajratib olish imkoniyati mavjud. Xususan, koʻplab qotishmalar, shu jumladan <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%CA%BBlat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poʻlat">poʻlatlar</a>, <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bronza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bronza">bronzalar</a> va <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jez">jez</a> olinadi.</p> <p>Eritmalar, shuningdek, ularda erimaydigan moddalarning <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suspenziya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suspenziya">suspenziyalarini</a> oson va katta hajmda ajratib olishni nisbatan osonlashtiradi. Shunday qilib, asl <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polimerlar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polimerlar">polimerlarning</a> xususiyatlarini oʻzgartiradigan barcha <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plastik_materiallar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plastik materiallar">plastmassalarga</a> toʻldiruvchi moddalar kiritiladi.</p> <p>Eritmalar murakkab kompozit materiallarni olish imkonini beradi, ularning tarkibiy qismlari qattiq shaklda bir-birida qisman eriydi: bunday materialning eng mashhur namunasi <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cho%CA%BByan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Choʻyan">choʻyandir</a>. Sanoatda xuddi shunday usulda, nikelning kristallanishi natijasida sunʼiy olmos nano kukunlari sinteziga erishiladi. Bu jarayonda dastlab <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikel">nikel</a> <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uglerod?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uglerod">uglerod</a> bilan toʻyintiriladi, soʻngra uning matritsasi eriydi.</p> <p>Sof materiallarni olishning eng samarali usullaridan biri bu metallurgik tozalash, yaʼni eritilgan faza orqali qayta kristallashtirishdir. Bunga eritmadan kristallashgan tozalash ham kiradi.</p> <p><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monokristall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monokristall">Monokristallarni</a> yetishtirish usullarining aksariyati nazorat qilinadigan sharoitlarda eritmaning kristallanishini oʻz ichiga oladi. Kamdan-kam istisno holatlarda masalan, bugʻ fazasi orqali <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karborund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Karborund">kremniy karbid</a> kristallarini olish, usulning baʼzi modifikatsiyalarida, shuningdek, oʻsib borayotgan kristall yuzasida kremniy eritmasi plyonkasi orqali moddani tashishni taʼminlaydi.</p> <p><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oksid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oksid">Oksidlar</a>, <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gidroksidlar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gidroksidlar">gidroksidlar</a> va elementlar tuzlari eritmalari ushbu <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Element?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Element">elementlarni</a> erkin shaklda <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elektrolitlar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elektrolitlar">elektrolitik</a> ajratib olish uchun ishlatiladi. Eritmalarni <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elektroliz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elektroliz">elektroliz</a> qilish natijasida olingan maʼlum ommaviy mahsulotlar qatoriga <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aluminiy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aluminiy">alyuminiy</a>, <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natriy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natriy">natriy</a>, <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaliy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaliy">kaliydlarni kiritish mumkin</a>.</p> <p>Eritmalar bitta elementdan, moddadan iborat boʻlishi yoki anchagina murakkab tarkibga ega boʻlib, turli xil oʻzaro taʼsir qiluvchi va aksincha xususiyatlarga ega komponentlar, fazalarni oʻz ichiga olishi mumkin (qarang <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holat_diagrammasi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holat diagrammasi">faza diagrammasi</a>).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Turlari">Turlari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eritma&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Turlari" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>tahrir</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Eritmalar quyidagilardir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metallar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metallar">metall</a>;</li> <li><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ion">ionli</a>;</li> <li><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atom">Atomlar</a> orasidagi kovalent bogʻlangan <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yarimo%CA%BBtkazgich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yarimoʻtkazgich">yarimoʻtkazgich</a>;</li> <li>Van-der-Wals bogʻlanishli organik eritmalar;</li> <li>Yuqori <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polimerlar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polimerlar">polimer</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Kimyoviy birikmalar turiga koʻra eritmalar:</p> <ul> <li>tuzli;</li> <li><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oksid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oksid">oksidili</a>;</li> <li>Oksid- silikat (<a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shlak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shlak">shlak</a>) va boshqalar.</li> </ul> <p>Maxsus xususiyatlarga ega eritma:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evtektika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Evtektika">evtektik</a> (qarang <a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holat_diagrammasi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holat diagrammasi">holat diagrammasi</a>).</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Erish_harorati">Erish harorati</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eritma&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Erish harorati" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>tahrir</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erish_harorati?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erish harorati">Erish nuqtasi</a> – bu moddaning qattiqdan suyuqlikka yoki suyuqlikdan qattiq holatga oʻtadigan harorat (koʻp komponentli tizimlar uchun – harorat oraligʻi). Ikkinchi holda, „kristallanish harorati“ atamasi tez-tez ishlatiladi.</p> <p>Aslini olganda erish nuqtasidagi muvozanat tizimida modda oʻzining fazaviy holatini oʻzgartirmaydi va maʼlum miqdorda qattiq va suyuq fazalarni oʻz ichiga olishi kerak. Erish sodir boʻlishi uchun tizimga qoʻshimcha energiya beriladi. Amaliyotda, bu erigan faza haroratining muvozanati erish haroratidan maʼlum darajada oshib ketishida ifodalanadi. Xuddi shunday, eritmaning kristallanishi paytida eritmaning erish haroratiga nisbatan biroz sovishi kerak. Shunday qilib, tizimdagi haqiqiy (muvozanat) erish (kristallanish) haroratiga faqat qattiq va suyuq fazalarga ajralish orasida erishiladi<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eritma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Amorf_holat">Amorf holat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eritma&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Amorf holat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>tahrir</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Moddaning amorf holati, moddada faqat qisqa masofali bogʻlarning mavjudligi bilan tavsiflanadi, koʻpincha oʻta yuqori yopishqoqlikka ega boʻlgan moddaning erishi sifatida qaraladi.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Yana_qarang">Yana qarang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eritma&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Yana qarang" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>tahrir</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul> <li><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shisha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shisha">Shisha</a></li> <li><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nanodipersiya&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nanodipersiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Nanodipersiya</a></li> <li><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Solvatochromism&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Solvatochromism (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Solvatochromism</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Manbalar">Manbalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eritma&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Manbalar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>tahrir</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3605845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-akhmetov-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eritma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-akhmetov_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>N. S. Axmetov</i> „Obщaya i neorganicheskaya ximiya“ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ximicat.com/ebook.php?file%3Dahmetov.djvu%26page%3D32">Razdel III, Agregatnoe sostoyanie. Rastvori)</a> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eritma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> „§275. Охлаждяющие смеси“, <i>Элементарный учебник физики: Учебное пособие. В 3 т.</i>, 13-е изд, М.: ФИЗМАТЛИТ, 2003 — 512—513-bet.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%3A+%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B5.+%D0%92+3+%D1%82.&rft.atitle=%C2%A7275.+%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8&rft.date=2003&rft.edition=13-%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4&rft.pub=%D0%A4%D0%98%D0%97%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%A2&rft.place=%D0%9C.&rft.pages=512%E2%80%94513"> </span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> <pre>"<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DEritma%26oldid%3D5284940">https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eritma&oldid=5284940</a>" dan olindi </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eritma&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Ruslan Seitov" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1730296804"> <span>So‘nggi tahrir 2024-yil 30-oktyabr, 14:00 da amalga oshirildi</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Tillar</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eritma&variant=uz&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="uz" hreflang="uz"><span>lotin/кирилл</span></a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-uz-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eritma&variant=uz-latn&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="uz-Latn" hreflang="uz-Latn"><span>lotin</span></a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-uz-Cyrl mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eritma&variant=uz-cyrl&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="uz-Cyrl" hreflang="uz-Cyrl"><span>кирилл</span></a></li> </ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oplossing_(chemie)" title="Oplossing (chemie) – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oplossing (chemie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2584" title="محلول – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محلول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disoluci%25C3%25B3n" title="Disolución – asturiy" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Disolución" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solusyon_(kimika)" title="Solusyon (kimika) – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Solusyon (kimika)" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Раствор – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Раствор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D1%2588%25D1%2587%25D1%258B%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Рашчына – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рашчына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Разтвор – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Разтвор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25A3" title="দ্রবণ – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্রবণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastvor" title="Rastvor – bosniy" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rastvor" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soluci%25C3%25B3_qu%25C3%25ADmica" title="Solució química – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Solució química" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25AF%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25DB%2595" title="گیراوە – sorani-kurd" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گیراوە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani-kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roztok" title="Roztok – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Roztok" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2580%25C4%2595%25D0%25BB%25D1%2587%25C4%2595%25D0%25BA" title="Ирĕлчĕк – chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ирĕлчĕк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opl%25C3%25B8sning_(kemi)" title="Opløsning (kemi) – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Opløsning (kemi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25B6sung_(Chemie)" title="Lösung (Chemie) – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lösung (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2594%25CE%25B9%25CE%25AC%25CE%25BB%25CF%2585%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B1" title="Διάλυμα – grek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διάλυμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_(chemistry)" title="Solution (chemistry) – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Solution (chemistry)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solva%25C4%25B5o" title="Solvaĵo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Solvaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disoluci%25C3%25B3n" title="Disolución – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Disolución" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahus" title="Lahus – estoncha" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lahus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoncha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disoluzio" title="Disoluzio – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Disoluzio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2584" title="محلول – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محلول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuos" title="Liuos – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liuos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_(chimie)" title="Solution (chimie) – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Solution (chimie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuaslag%25C3%25A1n" title="Tuaslagán – irland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tuaslagán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disoluci%25C3%25B3n" title="Disolución – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Disolución" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25AA%25D7%259E%25D7%2599%25D7%25A1%25D7%2594" title="תמיסה – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תמיסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="विलयन – hind" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विलयन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hind" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otopine" title="Otopine – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Otopine" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solisyon" title="Solisyon – gaityan" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Solisyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="gaityan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldat" title="Oldat – venger" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oldat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="venger" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25BC%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25AE%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B5%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580" title="Լուծույթներ – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լուծույթներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larutan" title="Larutan – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Larutan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lausn" title="Lausn – island" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lausn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soluzione_(chimica)" title="Soluzione (chimica) – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Soluzione (chimica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25BA%25B6%25E6%25B6%25B2" title="溶液 – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="溶液" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25AE%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2598" title="ხსნარები – gruzincha" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხსნარები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerway" title="Amerway – kabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Amerway" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D1%2580%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D1%2596%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2596" title="Ерітінді – qozoqcha" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ерітінді" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qozoqcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%259A%25A9%25EC%2595%25A1" title="용액 – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="용액" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solutio_(chemia)" title="Solutio (chemia) – lotincha" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Solutio (chemia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soluzion" title="Soluzion – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Soluzion" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirpalas" title="Tirpalas – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tirpalas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%25A0%25C4%25B7%25C4%25ABdums" title="Šķīdums – latishcha" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šķīdums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latishcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Раствор – makedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Раствор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B4%25BF" title="ലായനി – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലായനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB" title="Уусмал – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уусмал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25A3" title="द्रावण – maratxi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="द्रावण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larutan" title="Larutan – malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Larutan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2598%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B2" title="घोल – nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="घोल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oplossing_(scheikunde)" title="Oplossing (scheikunde) – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oplossing (scheikunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25B8sning_(kjemi)" title="Løsning (kjemi) – norveg-bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Løsning (kjemi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveg-bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solucion_(quimia)" title="Solucion (quimia) – oksitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Solucion (quimia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulbula" title="Bulbula – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Bulbula" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%2598%25E0%25A9%258B%25E0%25A8%25B2" title="ਘੋਲ – panjobcha" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਘੋਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjobcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roztw%25C3%25B3r" title="Roztwór – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Roztwór" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solu%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o" title="Solução – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Solução" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chullusqa" title="Chullusqa – kechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chullusqa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solu%25C8%259Bie_(chimie)" title="Soluție (chimie) – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Soluție (chimie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Раствор – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Раствор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otopina" title="Otopina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Otopina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_(chemistry)" title="Solution (chemistry) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Solution (chemistry)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roztok" title="Roztok – slovakcha" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Roztok" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raztopina" title="Raztopina – slovencha" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Raztopina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovencha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munyungu" title="Munyungu – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Munyungu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millan" title="Millan – somalicha" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Millan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalicha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tret%25C3%25ABsirat" title="Tretësirat – alban" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tretësirat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Раствор – serbcha" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Раствор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25B6sning_(kemi)" title="Lösning (kemi) – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lösning (kemi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmumunyo" title="Mmumunyo – suaxili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mmumunyo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaxili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%2588%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D" title="கரைசல் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கரைசல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A2" title="สารละลาย – tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สารละลาย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2587%25C3%25B6zelti" title="Çözelti – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çözelti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7%25D1%2587%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD" title="Розчин – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Розчин" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2584" title="محلول – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="محلول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%25C5%2582usion" title="Sołusion – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sołusion" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dung_d%25E1%25BB%258Bch" title="Dung dịch – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dung dịch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solusyon" title="Solusyon – varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Solusyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25BA%25B6%25E6%25B6%25B2" title="溶液 – vu xitoy" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="溶液" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-solution" title="I-solution – kxosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-solution" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="kxosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25BA%25B6%25E6%25B6%25B2" title="溶液 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="溶液" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25BA%25B6%25E6%25B6%25B2" title="溶液 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="溶液" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%25C3%25B4ng-e%25CC%258Dk" title="Iông-e̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iông-e̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25BA%25B6%25E6%25B6%25B2" title="溶液 – kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="溶液" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-uz.svg" alt="Vikipediya" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Bu sahifa oxirgi marta 2024-yil 30-oktyabr, 14:00 da tahrir qilingan.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Matndan <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.uz">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> litsenziyasi boʻyicha foydalanish mumkin (agar aksi koʻrsatilmagan boʻlsa).</li> </ul> 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