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country</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-By_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle By country subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-By_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14</span> <span>Portugal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singapore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singapore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15</span> <span>Singapore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singapore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.16</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.17</span> <span>Sweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.18</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-England_and_Wales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England_and_Wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.18.1</span> <span>England and Wales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England_and_Wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.18.2</span> <span>Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.19</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Private school</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9" title="مدرسة خاصة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدرسة خاصة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="বেসরকারি বিদ্যালয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেসরকারি বিদ্যালয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pribadong_eskwelahan" title="Pribadong eskwelahan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pribadong eskwelahan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5" title="Частно училище – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Частно училище" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fri_grundskole" title="Fri grundskole – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fri grundskole" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%A4%D9%8A" title="مدرسة د لپريڤي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مدرسة د لپريڤي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privatschule" title="Privatschule – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Privatschule" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erakool" title="Erakool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Erakool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privata_lernejo" title="Privata lernejo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Privata lernejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5%DB%8C" title="مدرسه خصوصی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدرسه خصوصی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_priv%C3%A9e" title="École privée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="École privée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%A6%BD%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="사립학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사립학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%A4%D5%BA%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Մասնավոր դպրոց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մասնավոր դպրոց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekolah_swasta" title="Sekolah swasta – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sekolah swasta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einkask%C3%B3li" title="Einkaskóli – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Einkaskóli" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuola_privata" title="Scuola privata – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scuola privata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99" title="חינוך פרטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חינוך פרטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privati_mokykla" title="Privati mokykla – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Privati mokykla" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakola_swasta" title="Sakola swasta – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Sakola swasta" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendidikan_swasta" title="Pendidikan swasta – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pendidikan swasta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%80%82%E1%80%B9%E1%80%82%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="ပုဂ္ဂလိကပညာရေး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပုဂ္ဂလိကပညာရေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privaatonderwijs" title="Privaatonderwijs – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Privaatonderwijs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E7%AB%8B%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1" title="私立学校 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="私立学校" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privatskole" title="Privatskole – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Privatskole" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privatskule" title="Privatskule – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Privatskule" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escola_particular" title="Escola particular – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Escola particular" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Частная школа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Частная школа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkolla_private" title="Shkolla private – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkolla private" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_school" title="Private school – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Private school" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="قوتابخانه‌ی تایبه‌تی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قوتابخانه‌ی تایبه‌تی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yksityiskoulu" title="Yksityiskoulu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yksityiskoulu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privatskola" title="Privatskola – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Privatskola" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF" title="தனியார் பள்ளி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தனியார் பள்ளி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96zel_okul" title="Özel okul – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Özel okul" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3_%DA%AF%D8%A7%DB%81" title="نجی درس گاہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نجی درس گاہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C6%B0_th%E1%BB%A5c" title="Tư thục – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tư thục" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E7%AB%8B%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1" title="私立學校 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="私立學校" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_schools&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Private schools">Private schools</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">School that is not dependent upon the state</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about primary and secondary education. For tertiary education, see <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private university</a>. For the film, see <a href="/wiki/Private_School_(film)" title="Private School (film)"><i>Private School</i> (film)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phillips_Exeter_Academy_building1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Phillips_Exeter_Academy_building1.jpg/220px-Phillips_Exeter_Academy_building1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Phillips_Exeter_Academy_building1.jpg/330px-Phillips_Exeter_Academy_building1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Phillips_Exeter_Academy_building1.jpg/440px-Phillips_Exeter_Academy_building1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Phillips_Exeter_Academy" title="Phillips Exeter Academy">Phillips Exeter Academy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Exeter,_New_Hampshire" title="Exeter, New Hampshire">Exeter, New Hampshire</a>, founded in 1781, one of the oldest private boarding schools in the United States</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_pre-primary_education_level,_OWID.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_pre-primary_education_level%2C_OWID.svg/250px-Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_pre-primary_education_level%2C_OWID.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_pre-primary_education_level%2C_OWID.svg/330px-Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_pre-primary_education_level%2C_OWID.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_pre-primary_education_level%2C_OWID.svg/500px-Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_pre-primary_education_level%2C_OWID.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Share enrolled in private institutions at the pre-primary education level (2015)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_primary_education_level,_OWID.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_primary_education_level%2C_OWID.svg/250px-Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_primary_education_level%2C_OWID.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_primary_education_level%2C_OWID.svg/330px-Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_primary_education_level%2C_OWID.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_primary_education_level%2C_OWID.svg/500px-Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_primary_education_level%2C_OWID.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Share enrolled in private institutions at the primary education level (2015)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_tertiary_education_level,_OWID.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_tertiary_education_level%2C_OWID.svg/250px-Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_tertiary_education_level%2C_OWID.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_tertiary_education_level%2C_OWID.svg/330px-Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_tertiary_education_level%2C_OWID.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_tertiary_education_level%2C_OWID.svg/500px-Share_enrolled_in_private_institutions_at_the_tertiary_education_level%2C_OWID.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Share enrolled in private institutions at the tertiary education level (2015)</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>private school</b> or <b>independent school</b> is a <a href="/wiki/School" title="School">school</a> not administered or funded by the <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a>, unlike a <a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">public school</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Private schools are schools that are not dependent upon national or <a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">local government</a> to finance their <a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">financial endowment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unless privately owned they typically have a board of governors and have a system of governance that ensures their independent operation. </p><p>Private schools retain the right to select their <a href="/wiki/Student" title="Student">students</a> and are funded in whole or in part by charging their students for <a href="/wiki/Tuition_payments" title="Tuition payments">tuition</a>, rather than relying on <a href="/wiki/Taxation" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxation">taxation</a> through public (government) funding; at some private schools students may be eligible for a scholarship, lowering this tuition fee, dependent on a student's talents or abilities (e.g., sports scholarship, art scholarship, academic scholarship), need for financial aid, or <a href="/wiki/Scholarship_Tax_Credit" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholarship Tax Credit">tax credit scholarships</a> that might be available.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roughly one in 10 U.S. families have chosen to enroll their children in private school for the past century.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some private schools are associated with a particular <a href="/wiki/Religious_denomination" title="Religious denomination">religious denomination</a> or <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a>, various branches of <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>. Although private schools may have a religious affiliation, the precise use of the term excludes <a href="/wiki/Parochial_school" title="Parochial school">parochial</a> (and other) schools if there is a financial dependence upon, or governance subordinate to, outside (religious) organizations. These definitions generally apply equally to both <a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">primary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary education</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United Kingdom and several other <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> countries including Australia, Canada and New Zealand the use of the term is generally restricted to <a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">primary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary</a> educational levels, and it is almost never used of <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">universities</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">tertiary</a> institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Private education in North America covers the whole gamut of educational activity, ranging from pre-school to tertiary level institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Annual tuition fees at <a href="/wiki/K%E2%80%9312_(education)" class="mw-redirect" title="K–12 (education)">K–12</a> schools range from nothing at so called 'tuition-free' schools to more than $45,000 at several <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> <a href="/wiki/University-preparatory_school" class="mw-redirect" title="University-preparatory school">University-preparatory schools</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The secondary level includes university-preparatory schools, <a href="/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">boarding schools</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Day_school" title="Day school">day schools</a>. Tuition at private secondary schools varies from school to school and depends on many factors, including the school's location, the willingness of parents to pay, peer tuitions, and the school's <a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">financial endowment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some private schools are boarding schools, and many <a href="/wiki/Military_academy" title="Military academy">military academies</a> are privately owned or operated as well. </p><p>Religiously affiliated and denominational schools form a subcategory of private schools. Some such schools teach <a href="/wiki/Religious_education" title="Religious education">religious education</a>, together with the usual academic subjects, to impress their particular faith's beliefs and traditions in the students who attend. Others use the denomination as a general label to describe what the founders based their belief, while still maintaining a fine distinction between academics and religion. They include <a href="/wiki/Parochial_school" title="Parochial school">parochial schools</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a term which is often used to denote Roman Catholic schools. Other religious groups represented in the K–12 private education sector include Protestants, Jews, Muslims, and Orthodox Christians. </p><p>Many <a href="/wiki/Alternative_education" title="Alternative education">educational alternatives</a>, such as private schools or <a href="/wiki/Online_school" title="Online school">online schools</a>, are privately financed.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Private schools often avoid some state regulations, although in the name of educational quality, most comply with regulations relating to the educational content of classes. Religious private schools often add religious instruction to the courses provided by local public schools. </p><p>Special assistance schools aim to improve the lives of their students by providing services tailored to the particular needs of individual students. Such schools include <a href="/wiki/Tutor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutor">tutoring</a> schools and schools to assist the learning of disabled children. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_country">By country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: By country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Australia#Independent_schools" title="Education in Australia">Education in Australia § Independent schools</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scotch_from_chapel.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Scotch_from_chapel.JPG/220px-Scotch_from_chapel.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Scotch_from_chapel.JPG/330px-Scotch_from_chapel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Scotch_from_chapel.JPG/440px-Scotch_from_chapel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3739" data-file-height="2002" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Scotch_College,_Melbourne" title="Scotch College, Melbourne">Scotch College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In Australia, private schools are mostly operated by an independently elected school council or board of governors and range broadly in the type of school-education provided and the <a href="/wiki/Socioeconomics" class="mw-redirect" title="Socioeconomics">socio-economics</a> of the school community served. Most private schools are run by <a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">religious institutes</a> while others have no religious affiliation and are driven by a national philosophy (such as <a href="/wiki/International_school" title="International school">international schools</a>), <a href="/wiki/Pedagogy" title="Pedagogy">pedogogical</a> philosophy (such as <a href="/wiki/Waldorf_education" title="Waldorf education">Waldorf-Steiner schools</a>), or specific needs (such as <a href="/wiki/Special_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Special school">special schools</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-isca-about_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isca-about-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Australia has one of the most privatised education systems in the world with 30 per cent of primary students and more than 40 per cent of secondary students attending private schools. In contrast the OECD average is 18 per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> schools make up a sizeable proportion of total enrolment (nearly 15%) and are usually regarded as a school sector of their own within the broad category of private schools, often charging lower fees than <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> private schools. Enrolment in non-government schools have been growing steadily at the expense of enrolments in government schools, which have seen their enrolment share reduce from 78.1 percent to 65 percent since 1970, although the rate of growth of private schools has slowed in the later years.<sup id="cite_ref-isca-about_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isca-about-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Australian private schools differ from those in other OECD nations as the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government">Australian Government</a> provides funding to all schools including private schools. In 2013, after release of the (first) <a href="/wiki/Gillard_government#Gonski_Report" title="Gillard government">Gonski Report</a>, the funding formula was changed to compute individual school funding compared to a School Resourcing Standard (SRS). The SRS uses exam results from the <a href="/wiki/National_Assessment_Program_%E2%80%93_Literacy_and_Numeracy" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy">National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy</a> tests, calculates the SRS from a cohort of well-performing schools, and applies this formula to other schools on the assumption that they should be able to achieve similar results from similar funding. The funding provided to private schools is on a sliding scale and still has a "capacity to pay" element; however, on average, funding granted to the private school sector is 40 percent of that required to operate government schools, the remainder being made up by tuition fees and donations from parents. The majority of the funding comes from the Commonwealth Government, while the <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">state and territory</a> governments provide about one-third of the Commonwealth amount. The <a href="/wiki/Turnbull_government" title="Turnbull government">Turnbull government</a> commissioned Gonski in 2017 to chair the independent Review to Achieve Educational Excellence in Australian Schools, commonly called Gonski 2.0.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government published the report on 30 April 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following negotiation, <a href="/wiki/Bilateral_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilateral agreement">bilateral agreements</a> between the Commonwealth of Australia with each state and territory commenced on 1 January 2019, with the exception of Victoria, whose bilateral agreement commenced on 1 February 2019. The funding agreements provide states with funding for government schools (20 percent) and non-government schools (80 percent) taking into consideration annual changes in enrolment numbers, indexation and student or school characteristics. A National School Resourcing Board was charged with the responsibility of independently reviewing each state's compliance with the funding agreement(s).<sup id="cite_ref-DoE_funding_2019_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoE_funding_2019-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Private school fees can vary from under $100 per month<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to $2,000 and upwards,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-exfin_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exfin-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> depending on the student's year level, the school's size, and the socio-economics of the school community. In late 2018 it was reported the most expensive private schools (such as <a href="/wiki/Athletic_Association_of_the_Great_Public_Schools_of_New_South_Wales" title="Athletic Association of the Great Public Schools of New South Wales">AAGPS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Combined_Associated_Schools" title="Combined Associated Schools">CAS</a> schools in <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Public_Schools_Association_of_Queensland" title="Great Public Schools Association of Queensland">GPS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queensland_Girls%27_Secondary_Schools_Sports_Association" title="Queensland Girls' Secondary Schools Sports Association">QGSSSA</a> schools in <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Associated_Grammar_Schools_of_Victoria" title="Associated Grammar Schools of Victoria">AGSV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Associated_Public_Schools_of_Victoria" title="Associated Public Schools of Victoria">APS</a> schools in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(state)" title="Victoria (state)">Victoria</a>) charge fees of up to $500,000 for thirteen years of education.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest private school in Australia is <a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_School,_Parramatta" title="The King's School, Parramatta">The King’s School</a>, founded in 1831. </p><p>Catholic schools form the second-largest sector after government schools, with around 21% of secondary enrolments.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catholic schools, typically have a strong religious focus and usually most of the staff and students are Catholic.<sup id="cite_ref-NEDA_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEDA-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Canada" title="Education in Canada">Education in Canada</a></div> <p>In 1999, 5.6% of Canadian students were enrolled in private schools,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some of which are religious or faith-based schools, including Christian, Jewish, and Islamic schools. Some private schools in Canada are considered world-class, especially some boarding schools. Private schools have sometimes been controversial, with some<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the media and in Ontario's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Ontario)" title="Ministry of Education (Ontario)">Provincial Ministry of Education</a> asserting that students may buy inflated grades from private schools.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finland">Finland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Finland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Finland" title="Education in Finland">Education in Finland</a></div> <p>In Finland, education takes place in state-run, municipality-run, and private schools. To qualify for public funding, all schools must receive a license from the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_and_Culture_(Finland)" title="Ministry of Education and Culture (Finland)">Ministry of Education and Culture</a> and align with the national curriculum and educational standards. While education is generally free, schools that offer instruction in languages other than the <a href="/wiki/Official_languages_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Official languages of Finland">official languages of Finland</a> (for example in English) may charge modest fees.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also unlicensed private schools that do not follow any national curriculum and do not receive public funding. Certificates obtained from such institutions are not recognized as valid proof of education.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, private schools accounted for 3% of basic education institutions and 9% of upper secondary education institutions. All <a href="/wiki/University_of_applied_sciences_(Finland)" title="University of applied sciences (Finland)">Universities of Applied Sciences</a> are either privately owned or municipality-owned companies or foundations. Some private <a href="/wiki/Universities_in_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Universities in Finland">Universities</a> in Finland operate without legal mandate and are not overseen by the Ministry of Education and Culture. Graduates from these universities must undergo the same verification process as those holding foreign degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Germany" title="Education in Germany">Education in Germany</a></div> <p>The right to create private schools in Germany is in Article 7, Paragraph 4 of the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_for_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany">Grundgesetz</a> and cannot be suspended even in a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a>. It is also not possible to abolish these rights. This unusual protection of private schools was implemented to protect these schools from a second <a href="/wiki/Gleichschaltung" title="Gleichschaltung">Gleichschaltung</a> or similar event in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Italy" title="Education in Italy">Education in Italy</a></div> <p>In Italy education is predominantly public; about one-fifth of schools are private, attended by about one out of 10 Italian schoolchildren. The Italian constitution states that education is to be public, free, and compulsory for at least eight years.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education in India</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuchhungi_English_Medium_School_Hnahthial_Lunglei_Mizoram_appreciation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nuchhungi_English_Medium_School_Hnahthial_Lunglei_Mizoram_appreciation.jpg/250px-Nuchhungi_English_Medium_School_Hnahthial_Lunglei_Mizoram_appreciation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nuchhungi_English_Medium_School_Hnahthial_Lunglei_Mizoram_appreciation.jpg/330px-Nuchhungi_English_Medium_School_Hnahthial_Lunglei_Mizoram_appreciation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Nuchhungi_English_Medium_School_Hnahthial_Lunglei_Mizoram_appreciation.jpg/500px-Nuchhungi_English_Medium_School_Hnahthial_Lunglei_Mizoram_appreciation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="671" /></a><figcaption>Students at a private school in <a href="/wiki/Hnahthial" title="Hnahthial">Hnahthial</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuchhungi_English_Medium_School_Hnahthial_Lunglei_Mizoram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Nuchhungi_English_Medium_School_Hnahthial_Lunglei_Mizoram.jpg/220px-Nuchhungi_English_Medium_School_Hnahthial_Lunglei_Mizoram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Nuchhungi_English_Medium_School_Hnahthial_Lunglei_Mizoram.jpg/330px-Nuchhungi_English_Medium_School_Hnahthial_Lunglei_Mizoram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Nuchhungi_English_Medium_School_Hnahthial_Lunglei_Mizoram.jpg/440px-Nuchhungi_English_Medium_School_Hnahthial_Lunglei_Mizoram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="861" /></a><figcaption>An independent school in <a href="/wiki/Hnahthial" title="Hnahthial">Hnahthial</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, private schools are called independent schools, but since some private schools receive financial aid from the government, it can be an aided or an unaided school. Demand for private schools has been growing over the years.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While a consensus over what is the most significant driver of this growth in private schooling has not yet emerged, some authors have attributed this to a higher demand for English-medium education,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a dissatisfaction with the quality of public schools,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> greater affordability of private schools,<sup id="cite_ref-:14_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and non-availability of preferred field of study in government schools.<sup id="cite_ref-:07_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:07-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the adoption of the Right to Education (RTE) Act 2009, private schools were required to be 'government-recognised'. A private school would be eligible for government recognition when it met certain conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the primary and <a href="#Secondary_education">secondary</a> level, India has a large <a href="/wiki/Public_school_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public school (India)">private school system</a> complementing the government run schools, with 29% of students receiving private education in the 6 to 14 age group.<sup id="cite_ref-pvt_enroll_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pvt_enroll-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain post-secondary <a href="#Technical_education">technical schools</a> are also private. The private education market in India had a revenue of US$450 million in 2008, but is projected to be a US$40 billion market.<sup id="cite_ref-educationmarket_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-educationmarket-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although there are private schools in India, they are highly regulated in terms of what they can teach, in what form they can operate (must be a non-profit to run any accredited educational institution) and all the other aspects of the operation. Hence, the differentiation between government schools and private schools can be misleading.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in a report by Geeta Gandhi Kingdon entitled: <i>The Emptying of Public Schools and Growth of Private Schools in India</i>, it is said that for sensible education-policy making, it is vital to take account of the various changing trends in the size of the private and public schooling sectors in India. Ignoring these trends involves the risk of poor policies/legislation, with adverse effects on children's education.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A lot of criticism towards Iranian government is because of large gap of University entrance Exam success between public and private school students, number private school growth has seen a 15% growth dominating Iranian education sector.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there is a rise of "luxury" schools.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studying for one year term in private schools may cost 50 million as of July 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Education in the Republic of Ireland">Education in the Republic of Ireland</a></div> <p>In Ireland, the internationally recognised definition of "private school" is misleading and a more accurate distinction is between fee-charging schools and non-fee-charging schools. This is because approximately 85% of all schools are private schools (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">scoil phríobháideach</i>) by virtue of not being owned by the state. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> is the largest owner of schools in Ireland, with other religious institutions owning the remaining private schools. Nevertheless, despite the vast majority of schools being under the ownership of private institutions, a large majority of all their costs, including teachers' salaries, are paid for by the Irish state. Of these private schools, only a very small minority actually charge fees. In 2007, 'The number of schools permitted to charge fees represents 7.6% of the 723 post primary level schools and they cater for 7.1% of the total enrolment.'<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If a fee-charging school wishes to employ extra teachers they are paid for with school fees, which tend to be relatively low in Ireland compared to the rest of the world. Because state funding plays a fundamental role in the finances of all but one fee-charging school, they must undergo similar state inspection to non-fee-charging schools. This is due to the requirement that the state ensure that children receive a certain minimum education; Irish state subsidised fee-charging schools must still work towards the <a href="/wiki/Junior_Certificate" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Certificate">Junior Certificate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Leaving_Certificate" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Leaving Certificate">Leaving Certificate</a>, for example. </p><p>The single fee-charging secondary school in Ireland which receives no state funding, the <a href="/wiki/Nord_Anglia_International_School_Dublin" title="Nord Anglia International School Dublin">Nord Anglia International School Dublin</a>, does not have to undergo the state supervision which all the other fee-charging schools undergo. Students there also sit the <a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate">International Baccalaureate</a> rather than the Irish <a href="/wiki/Leaving_Certificate" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaving Certificate">Leaving Certificate</a> which every other Irish secondary school student sits. In exchange, however, Nord Anglia students pay some €25,000 per annum in fees, compared to c. €4,000 – €8,000 per annum fees by students in all other fee-charging Irish schools.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many fee-charging schools in Ireland also double as boarding schools. The fees for these may then rise up to €25,000 per year. All the state-subsidised fee-charging schools are run by a religious order, e.g., the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a> or <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Christian_Brothers" title="Congregation of Christian Brothers">Congregation of Christian Brothers</a>, etc. The major private schools being <a href="/wiki/Blackrock_College" title="Blackrock College">Blackrock College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clongowes_Wood_College" title="Clongowes Wood College">Clongowes Wood College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castleknock_College" title="Castleknock College">Castleknock College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belvedere_College" title="Belvedere College">Belvedere College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_College" title="Gonzaga College">Gonzaga College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terenure_College" title="Terenure College">Terenure College</a>. There are also a few fee-charging international schools in Ireland, including a French school, a Japanese school and a German school. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_schools_in_Japan" title="List of international schools in Japan">List of international schools in Japan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_independent_high_school" title="Chinese independent high school">Chinese independent high school</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChineseIndependentHighSchool004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/ChineseIndependentHighSchool004.jpg/220px-ChineseIndependentHighSchool004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/ChineseIndependentHighSchool004.jpg/330px-ChineseIndependentHighSchool004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/ChineseIndependentHighSchool004.jpg/440px-ChineseIndependentHighSchool004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tsun_Jin_High_School" title="Tsun Jin High School">Tsun Jin High School</a> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">循人中学</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Xún Rén Zhōngxué</span></i>), a Chinese independent high school in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Chinese schools were being founded by the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">ethnic Chinese in Malaysia</a> as early as the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They provide <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary education</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese language</a> as the continuation of the <a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">primary education</a> in Chinese national-type primary schools. The main medium of instruction in these schools is <a href="/wiki/Standard_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Mandarin">Mandarin Chinese</a> using <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese characters</a>. </p><p>Being private schools, Chinese independent high schools do not receive consistent funding from the Malaysian government, although they did receive some funding from some state governments as well as in the 2019 and 2020 budgets under the <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a> government. However, in accordance with their aim of providing affordable education to all in the Chinese language, their school fees are substantially lower than those of most other private schools. The schools are kept alive almost exclusively by donations from the public. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Netherlands" title="Education in the Netherlands">Education in the Netherlands</a></div> <p>In the Netherlands over two-thirds of state-funded schools operate autonomously, with many of these schools being linked to faith groups.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Programme_for_International_Student_Assessment" title="Programme for International Student Assessment">Programme for International Student Assessment</a>, coordinated by the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>, ranks the education in the Netherlands as the 9th best in the world as of 2008, being significantly higher than the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> average.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_Zealand" title="Education in New Zealand">Education in New Zealand</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strowan_House_and_Field.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Strowan_House_and_Field.jpg/220px-Strowan_House_and_Field.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Strowan_House_and_Field.jpg/330px-Strowan_House_and_Field.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Strowan_House_and_Field.jpg/440px-Strowan_House_and_Field.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1143" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>St Andrew's College, an independent primary and secondary school in <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As of April 2014, there were 88 private schools in New Zealand, catering for around 28,000 students or 3.7% of the entire student population.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Private school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s as a result of many private schools opting to become <a href="/wiki/State-integrated_school" title="State-integrated school">state-integrated schools</a>, mostly due to financial difficulties stemming from changes in student numbers or the economy. State-integrated schools keep their private school special character and receives state funds in return for having to operate like a state school, e.g. they must teach the state curriculum, they must employ registered teachers, and they can not charge tuition fees (they can charge "attendance dues" for the upkeep on the still-private school land and buildings). The largest decline in private school numbers occurred between 1979 and 1984, when the nation's then-private <a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Catholic school</a> system integrated. As a result, private schools in New Zealand are now largely restricted to the largest cities (Auckland, Hamilton, Wellington and Christchurch) and niche markets. </p><p>Private schools are almost fully funded by tuition fees paid by students' parents, but they do receive some government subsidies. Private schools are popular for academic and sporting performance, prestige, exclusivity and old boys/girls networks; however, many state-integrated schools and some prestigious single-sex state schools, such as <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Grammar_School" title="Auckland Grammar School">Auckland Grammar School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wellington_College_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wellington College (New Zealand)">Wellington College</a>, are actively competitive with private schools in academic and sporting achievement, history and character. </p><p>Private schools are often Anglican, such as <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Auckland" title="King's College, Auckland">King's College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diocesan_School_for_Girls,_Auckland" title="Diocesan School for Girls, Auckland">Diocesan School for Girls</a> in Auckland, <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Collegiate_School" title="St Paul's Collegiate School">St Paul's Collegiate School</a> in Hamilton, <a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_School,_Cambridge" title="St Peter's School, Cambridge">St Peter's School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_New_Zealand" title="Cambridge, New Zealand">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Marsden_Collegiate_School" title="Samuel Marsden Collegiate School">Samuel Marsden Collegiate School</a> in Wellington, and <a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_College,_Christchurch" title="Christ's College, Christchurch">Christ's College</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Margaret%27s_College,_Christchurch" title="St Margaret's College, Christchurch">St Margaret's College</a> in Christchurch; or Presbyterian, such as <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kentigern_College" title="Saint Kentigern College">Saint Kentigern College</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Cuthbert%27s_College,_Auckland" title="St Cuthbert's College, Auckland">St Cuthbert's College</a> in Auckland, <a href="/wiki/Scots_College,_Wellington" title="Scots College, Wellington">Scots College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Margaret_College,_Wellington" title="Queen Margaret College, Wellington">Queen Margaret College</a> in Wellington, and <a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_College,_Christchurch" title="St Andrew's College, Christchurch">St Andrew's College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rangi_Ruru_Girls%27_School" title="Rangi Ruru Girls' School">Rangi Ruru Girls' School</a> in Christchurch. However, the Catholic <a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">schismatic group</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_St_Pius_X_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of St Pius X in New Zealand">Society of St Pius X</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wanganui" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanganui">Wanganui</a> operates three private schools (including the secondary school, <a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_College,_Wanganui" class="mw-redirect" title="St Dominic's College, Wanganui">St Dominic's College</a>). A recent group of private schools run as a business has been formed by <a href="/wiki/Academic_Colleges_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic Colleges Group">Academic Colleges Group</a>; with schools throughout Auckland, including <a href="/wiki/ACG_Senior_College" title="ACG Senior College">ACG Senior College</a> in Auckland's CBD, <a href="/wiki/ACG_Parnell_College" title="ACG Parnell College">ACG Parnell College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Parnell,_New_Zealand" title="Parnell, New Zealand">Parnell</a>, and international school <a href="/wiki/ACG_New_Zealand_International_College" class="mw-redirect" title="ACG New Zealand International College">ACG New Zealand International College</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines" title="Education in the Philippines">Education in the Philippines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fund_for_Assistance_to_Private_Education" title="Fund for Assistance to Private Education">Fund for Assistance to Private Education</a></div> <p>In the Philippines, the <a href="/wiki/Private_sector" title="Private sector">private sector</a> has been a major provider of educational services. Private schools are generally free to determine their curriculum in accordance with existing laws and regulations. Science high schools are special schools for the more intellectually promising students to foster the problem-solving approach of critical thinking. As separate high schools, they have specific characteristics not found in regular high schools. However, any private or public high school can aspire to meet these minimum standards and be considered a science high school.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Fund_for_Assistance_to_Private_Education" title="Fund for Assistance to Private Education">Fund for Assistance to Private Education</a> (FAPE) is a perpetual trust fund for private education created by Executive Order № 156 <abbr title="series">s.</abbr> 1968<sup id="cite_ref-eo156_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eo156-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and amended by Executive Order № 150 <abbr title="series">s.</abbr> 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-eo150_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eo150-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FAPE was created on November 5, 1968 by Executive Order No. 156, in implementation of the project agreement between the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine government">Philippine</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States government">United States governments</a> to establish a permanent trust fund that would address the needs of the private education sector in the country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portugal">Portugal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Portugal" title="Education in Portugal">Education in Portugal</a></div> <p>In Portugal, private schools were traditionally set up by foreign expatriates and diplomats in order to cater for their educational needs. Portuguese-speaking private schools are widespread across Portugal's main cities. International private schools are mainly concentrated in and around <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Braga" title="Braga">Braga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coimbra" title="Coimbra">Coimbra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Covilh%C3%A3" title="Covilhã">Covilhã</a>, across the Portuguese region of <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a>, and in the autonomous region of <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>. The Ministério da Educação acts as the supervisory and regulatory body for all schools, including international schools. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singapore">Singapore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Singapore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Singapore" title="Education in Singapore">Education in Singapore</a></div> <p>In Singapore, after <a href="/wiki/Primary_School_Leaving_Examination" title="Primary School Leaving Examination">Primary School Leaving Examination</a> (PSLE), students can choose to enter a private high school. Private tuition is a lucrative industry in Singapore, since many parents send their children for private tuition after school.<sup id="cite_ref-mypaper20080616_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mypaper20080616-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A straw poll by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a></i> newspaper in 2008 found that out of 100 students interviewed, only 3 students did not have any form of tuition.<sup id="cite_ref-mypaper20080616_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mypaper20080616-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, the <i><a href="/wiki/Shin_Min_Daily_News" title="Shin Min Daily News">Shin Min Daily News</a></i> estimated that there were around 540 tuition centres offering private tuition in Singapore. Due to their high demand, tuition centres are able to charge high fees for their services; they have an annual turnover of <a href="/wiki/Singapore_dollar" title="Singapore dollar">SGD$</a>110.6 million in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-mypaper20080616_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mypaper20080616-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official government stance on private tuition is that "it understands parents want the best for their children and that it is their decision whether to engage tutors".<sup id="cite_ref-mypaper20080616_57-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mypaper20080616-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_South_Africa" title="Education in South Africa">Education in South Africa</a></div> <p>Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools that were established by <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionaries</a> in the early nineteenth century. The private sector has grown ever since. After the abolition of apartheid, the laws governing private education in South Africa changed significantly. The South African Schools Act of 1996<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> recognizes two categories of schools: "public" (state-controlled) and "independent" (which includes traditional private schools and schools which are privately governed). </p><p>In the final years of the <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> era, parents at white government schools were given the option to convert to a "semi-private" form called <i>Model C</i>, and many of these schools changed their admissions policies to accept children classified to be of other races. These schools tend to produce better academic results than government schools formerly reserved for other "race groups".<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former "Model C" schools are state-controlled, not private. All schools in South Africa (including both independent and public schools) have the right to set compulsory school fees, and formerly model C schools tend to set much higher school fees than other public schools. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Sweden" title="Education in Sweden">Education in Sweden</a></div> <p>In Sweden, pupils are free to choose a private school and the private school gets paid the same amount as municipal schools. Over 10% of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008. Sweden is internationally known for this innovative <a href="/wiki/School_voucher" title="School voucher">school voucher</a> model that provides Swedish pupils with the opportunity to choose the school they prefer.<sup id="cite_ref-swedishmodeleconomist_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swedishmodeleconomist-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, the biggest school chain, <a href="/wiki/Kunskapsskolan" title="Kunskapsskolan">Kunskapsskolan</a> ("The Knowledge School"), offers 30 schools and a web-based environment, has 700 employees and teaches nearly 10,000 pupils.<sup id="cite_ref-swedishmodeleconomist_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swedishmodeleconomist-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Private_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Private schools in the United Kingdom">Private schools in the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>In the UK, the term "private schools" encompasses schools that are independently funded and not part of the <a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">state system</a>. These schools are known as independent schools. Within this category, "<a href="/wiki/Public_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Public school (United Kingdom)">public schools</a>" refer to a specific group of prestigious, often older, independent schools.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Preparatory_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Preparatory school (United Kingdom)">Preparatory schools</a> in England and Wales prepare pupils up to 13 years old to enter public schools. In Scotland, where the education system has always been separate from the rest of <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, the term 'public school' was used historically to refer to state schools for the general public. </p><p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Schools_Guide" title="The Good Schools Guide">The Good Schools Guide</a></i> about 7% of children being educated in the United Kingdom are at fee-charging schools at <a href="/wiki/GCSE" title="GCSE">GCSE</a> level and 13% at A-level. Some independent schools are single-sex, although this is becoming less common.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, fees range from under £3,000 to £21,000 and above per year for day pupils, rising to over £27,000 per year for boarders.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Costs differ in Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One in four independently educated children come from postcodes with the national average income or below, and one in three receive assistance with school fees.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence from a major longitudinal study suggests that British independent schools provide advantages in educational attainment and access to top universities.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="England_and_Wales">England and Wales</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: England and Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In England and Wales, the more prestigious independent schools are known as '<a href="/wiki/Public_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Public school (United Kingdom)">public schools</a>', sometimes subdivided into major and minor public schools. A modern definition of a public school refers to membership of the <a href="/wiki/Headmasters%27_and_Headmistresses%27_Conference" title="Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference">Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference</a>, and this includes many independent <a href="/wiki/Grammar_school" title="Grammar school">grammar schools</a>. The term 'public school' historically meant that the school was open to the public (as opposed to private tutors or the school being in private ownership). Many private schools actively compete with prestigious state schools (including state <a href="/wiki/Grammar_school" title="Grammar school">grammar schools</a> and <a href="/wiki/Single-sex_education" title="Single-sex education">single sex schools</a>) in academic achievements.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are many old, world-renowned institutions in England that served as inspiration for most schools of their type abroad. These schools include <a href="/wiki/Winchester_College" title="Winchester College">Winchester College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_School_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="St Paul's School (London)">St Paul's School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harrow_School" title="Harrow School">Harrow School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westminster_School" title="Westminster School">Westminster School</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rugby_School" title="Rugby School">Rugby School</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Independent_Schools_Inspectorate" title="Independent Schools Inspectorate">Independent Schools Inspectorate</a> regularly publishes reports on the quality of education in all independent schools.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scotland">Scotland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Scotland" title="Education in Scotland">Education in Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Council_of_Independent_Schools" title="Scottish Council of Independent Schools">Scottish Council of Independent Schools</a></div> <p>In Scotland,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> schools not <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a>-funded are known as independent or private schools. Independent schools may also be specialist or special schools – such as some music schools, Steiner <a href="/wiki/Waldorf_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Waldorf Education">Waldorf Education</a> schools, or <a href="/wiki/Special_education" title="Special education">special education</a> schools.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scottish independent schools currently educate over 31,000 students and employ approximately 3,500 teachers.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schools are represented by the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Council_of_Independent_Schools" title="Scottish Council of Independent Schools">Scottish Council of Independent Schools</a> (SCIS). All schools are still inspected by the state inspectorate, <a href="/wiki/Education_Scotland" title="Education Scotland">Education Scotland</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Care_Inspectorate_(Scotland)" title="Care Inspectorate (Scotland)">Care Inspectorate</a>. Independent schools in Scotland that are <a href="/wiki/Charities" class="mw-redirect" title="Charities">charities</a> are subject to a specific test from the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Scottish_Charity_Regulator" title="Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator">Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator</a>, designed to demonstrate the public benefit the schools provide.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">Education in the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charter_schools_in_the_United_States" title="Charter schools in the United States">Charter schools in the United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Homeschooling_in_the_United_States" title="Homeschooling in the United States">Homeschooling in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Campus_view,_half_mast_-_Phillips_Academy_Andover_-_Andover,_Massachusetts_-_DSC05372.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Campus_view%2C_half_mast_-_Phillips_Academy_Andover_-_Andover%2C_Massachusetts_-_DSC05372.jpg/220px-Campus_view%2C_half_mast_-_Phillips_Academy_Andover_-_Andover%2C_Massachusetts_-_DSC05372.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Campus_view%2C_half_mast_-_Phillips_Academy_Andover_-_Andover%2C_Massachusetts_-_DSC05372.jpg/330px-Campus_view%2C_half_mast_-_Phillips_Academy_Andover_-_Andover%2C_Massachusetts_-_DSC05372.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Campus_view%2C_half_mast_-_Phillips_Academy_Andover_-_Andover%2C_Massachusetts_-_DSC05372.jpg/440px-Campus_view%2C_half_mast_-_Phillips_Academy_Andover_-_Andover%2C_Massachusetts_-_DSC05372.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Phillips_Academy" title="Phillips Academy">Phillips Academy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Andover,_Massachusetts" title="Andover, Massachusetts">Andover, Massachusetts</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Education_by_state_and_type_-_private_schools.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Education_by_state_and_type_-_private_schools.webp/220px-Education_by_state_and_type_-_private_schools.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Education_by_state_and_type_-_private_schools.webp/330px-Education_by_state_and_type_-_private_schools.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Education_by_state_and_type_-_private_schools.webp/440px-Education_by_state_and_type_-_private_schools.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2487" /></a><figcaption><div class="center"><b>Percent of students attending a private school</b></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #222222;background-color:#FFD274; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Private school</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #222222;background-color:#43B932; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Private <a href="/wiki/EdChoice" title="EdChoice">EdChoice</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #222222;background-color:#949393; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Homeschooling_in_the_United_States" title="Homeschooling in the United States">Homeschool</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #222222;background-color:#68C7FE; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Magnet_school" title="Magnet school">Magnet school</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #222222;background-color:#FF462F; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Public_charter_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Public charter school">Public charter school</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #222222;background-color:#D5D6D5; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Public_schools_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Public schools in the United States">Public school</a></div> </figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, a private school is any for which the facilities and funding are not provided by the federal, state or local government, or in the case of <a href="/wiki/Charter_schools_in_the_United_States" title="Charter schools in the United States">charter schools</a>, independently with government funding and regulation (as opposed to a public school, which is operated by the government). A majority of private schools in the United States are operated by religious institutions and organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice, the term "private school" is commonly used to denote a non-sectarian school, whereas "church school", "Christian school", and (for Catholic institutions) "parochial school" are used to denote sectarian ones. </p><p>Independent schools in the United States educate around 10% of the entire school-age population.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The essential distinction between independent schools and other private schools is self-governance and financial independence. In contrast, public schools are funded and governed by local and state governments, and most parochial schools are owned, governed, and financed by religious institutions such as a diocese or parish. Independent schools may be affiliated with a particular religion or denomination; however, unlike parochial schools, independent schools are self-owned and governed by independent boards of trustees. While independent schools are not subject to significant government oversight or regulation, they are <a href="/wiki/Educational_accreditation" title="Educational accreditation">accredited</a> by the same six <a href="/wiki/Regional_accreditation" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional accreditation">regional accreditation agencies</a> that accredit <a href="/wiki/Public_school_(government_funded)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public school (government funded)">public schools</a>. The <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Independent_Schools" title="National Association of Independent Schools">National Association of Independent Schools</a> (NAIS) is a membership organization of American pre-college independent schools.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The NAIS provides this definition of an independent school:<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>Independent schools are <a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)(3)">501(c)(3)</a> nonprofit corporate entities, independent in governance and finance, meaning: </p> <ol><li>Independent schools "own themselves" (as opposed to public schools owned by the government or parochial schools owned by the church) and govern themselves, typically with a self-perpetuating <a href="/wiki/Board_of_trustees" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of trustees">board of trustees</a> that performs fiduciary duties of oversight and strategic duties of funding and setting the direction and vision of the enterprise, and by delegating day to day operations entirely to the head of school.</li> <li>Independent schools finance themselves (as opposed to public schools funded through the government and parochial schools subsidized by the church), largely through charging tuition, fund raising, and income from endowment.</li></ol> <p>Independence is the unique characteristic of this segment of the education industry, offering schools four freedoms that contribute to their success: the freedom to define their own unique missions; the freedom to admit and keep only those students well-matched to the mission; the freedom to define the qualifications for high quality teachers; and the freedom to determine on their own what to teach and how to assess student achievement and progress. </p> </blockquote> <p>In the United States, the membership organization for independent tertiary education institutions is the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Independent_Colleges_and_Universities" title="National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities">National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Private schools are generally exempt from most educational regulations at the Federal level but are highly regulated at the state level.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These typically require them to follow the spirit of regulations concerning the content of courses in an attempt to provide a level of education equal to or better than that available in public schools. </p><p>In the nineteenth century, as a response to the perceived domination of the public school systems by Protestant political and religious ideas, many <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> parish churches, dioceses and religious orders established schools, which operate entirely without government funding. For many years, the vast majority of private schools in the United States were Catholic schools.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In many parts of the United States, after the 1954 decision in the landmark court case <i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education_of_Topeka" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka">Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka</a></i> that demanded United States schools <a href="/wiki/Desegregation" class="mw-redirect" title="Desegregation">desegregate</a> "with all deliberate speed", local families organized a wave of private "Christian academies". In much of the U.S. South, many white students migrated to the academies, while public schools became in turn more heavily concentrated with African-American students (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_private_schools_in_Mississippi" title="List of private schools in Mississippi">List of private schools in Mississippi</a>). The academic content of the academies was usually college preparatory. </p><p>Funding for private schools is generally provided through student tuition, endowments, <a href="/wiki/Scholarship_Tax_Credit" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholarship Tax Credit">scholarship</a>/school voucher funds, and donations and grants from religious organizations or private individuals. Government funding for religious schools is either subject to restrictions or possibly forbidden, according to the courts' interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/Establishment_Clause_of_the_First_Amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="Establishment Clause of the First Amendment">Establishment Clause of the First Amendment</a> or individual state <a href="/wiki/Blaine_Amendment" title="Blaine Amendment">Blaine Amendments</a>. Non-religious private schools theoretically could qualify for such funding without hassle, preferring the advantages of independent control of their student admissions and course content instead of the public funding they could get with charter status. A similar concept, recently emerging from within the public school system, is the concept of <a href="/wiki/Charter_school" title="Charter school">charter schools</a>, which are officially independent public schools, but in many respects operate similarly to nonreligious private schools. </p><p>The nature of private schooling in the United States has been debated by <a href="/wiki/Teacher" title="Teacher">educators</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legislator" title="Legislator">lawmakers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parent" title="Parent">parents</a>, since the beginnings of <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">compulsory education</a> in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> in 1852. One of the most common topics of debate is whether or not the ability to select a private institution takes funding away from public schools. Many states base their funding off of how many students a school has but will also offer <a href="/wiki/School_voucher" title="School voucher">voucher programs</a>. These programs and similar incentives exist to incentivize school choice and take stress off of state educational funding. However, it is also believed that taking students and funding out of public schools decreases the quality of these institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still even with this, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> precedent appears to favor educational choice, so long as states may set standards for educational accomplishment. Some of the most relevant Supreme Court case law on this is as follows: <i><a href="/wiki/Runyon_v._McCrary" title="Runyon v. McCrary">Runyon v. McCrary</a></i>, 427 U.S. 160 (1976); <i><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_v._Yoder" title="Wisconsin v. Yoder">Wisconsin v. Yoder</a></i>, 406 U.S. 205 (1972); <i><a href="/wiki/Pierce_v._Society_of_Sisters" title="Pierce v. Society of Sisters">Pierce v. Society of Sisters</a></i>, 268 U.S. 510 (1925); <i><a href="/wiki/Meyer_v._Nebraska" title="Meyer v. Nebraska">Meyer v. Nebraska</a></i>, 262 U.S. 390 (1923). There is a potential conflict between the values espoused in the above cited cases and the limitations set forward in Article 29 of the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child</a>, which is below described.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Quality private schools in the United States charge substantial tuition: in 2023, tuition cost close to $60,000 annually for some day schools in New York City, and between $65,000 and $85,000 for boarding schools. Nevertheless, tuition may not be sufficient to cover operating expenses, particularly at boarding schools. Leading schools such as the <a href="/wiki/Groton_School" title="Groton School">Groton School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillips_Academy" title="Phillips Academy">Phillips Academy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Phillips_Exeter_Academy" title="Phillips Exeter Academy">Phillips Exeter Academy</a> have substantial endowments - running to over a billion dollars - supplemented by fundraising drives. Boarding schools with a reputation for quality in the United States have a student body drawn from throughout the United States, and in some cases other countries, and a list of applicants which far exceeds their capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT82312_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT82312-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diploma_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/40px-Diploma_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/60px-Diploma_icon.png 1.5x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Education">Education portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_school" title="Alternative school">Alternative school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_Against_Discrimination_in_Education" title="Convention Against Discrimination in Education">Convention Against Discrimination in Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_education" title="Freedom of education">Freedom of education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Friends_schools" title="List of Friends schools">List of Friends schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_school" title="Lutheran school">Lutheran school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_education" title="Right to education">Right to education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">State school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voucher" title="Voucher">Voucher</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For historical reasons, in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, some elite, fee-charging private schools for 13- to 18-year-olds are described as '<a href="/wiki/Public_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Public school (United Kingdom)">public schools</a>'.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_school&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free 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id="CITEREFفردا" class="citation news cs1">فردا, رادیو. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiofarda.com/a/selection-teachers-iran/32465499.html">"در پی تأکید علی خامنه‌ای، سختگیری برای گزینش معلمان در مدارس غیر دولتی بیشتر شد"</a>. <i>رادیو فردا</i>.</cite><span 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kayhan.ir/fa/news/77445/%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%90-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3">"از «مدارس غیرانتفاعی» تا «خصوصی‌سازیِ مدارس»"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D8%B2+%C2%AB%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3+%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C%C2%BB+%D8%AA%D8%A7+%C2%AB%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%90+%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%C2%BB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkayhan.ir%2Ffa%2Fnews%2F77445%2F%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2-%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3-%25D8%25BA%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AA%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B9%25DB%258C-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7-%25D8%25AE%25D8%25B5%25D9%2588%25D8%25B5%25DB%258C%25E2%2580%258C%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C%25D9%2590-%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivate+school" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ir.voanews.com/a/6919115.html">"رئیس سازمان مدارس و مراکز غیردولتی ایران: خامنه‌ای ناراضی است؛ کتاب‌های زبان تغییر می‌کند"</a>. 15 January 2023.</cite><span 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"What Has Happened to Episcopal Schools?" <i>The Living Church</i>, 228, no. 1, 21–22.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Independent_schools" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Independent schools">Independent schools</a></span>.</div></div> </div><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Schools" title="Template:Schools"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Schools" title="Template talk:Schools"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Schools" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Schools"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="School_types486" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/School" title="School">School</a> types</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Educational_stage" title="Educational stage">educational stage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Early_childhood_education" title="Early childhood education">Early childhood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preschool" title="Preschool">Preschool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-kindergarten" title="Pre-kindergarten">Pre-kindergarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">Kindergarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">Primary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_school" class="mw-redirect" title="First school">First school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_school" title="Infant school">Infant school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_school" title="Junior school">Junior school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">Primary school</a> / Elementary school</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">Secondary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_high_school" title="Adult high school">Adult high school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadet_college" title="Cadet college">Cadet college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College-preparatory_school" title="College-preparatory school">College-preparatory school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_institute" title="Collegiate institute">Collegiate institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">Comprehensive school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_high_school" title="Comprehensive high school">Comprehensive high school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_high_school" title="Continuation high school">Continuation high school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammar_school" title="Grammar school">Grammar school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum" title="Lyceum">Lyceum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maths_school" title="Maths school">Maths school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_seminary" title="Minor seminary">Minor seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">Secondary school</a> / High school</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_school" title="Selective school">Selective school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">Gymnasium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauptschule" title="Hauptschule">Hauptschule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_form_college" title="Sixth form college">Sixth form college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_school" title="Studio school">Studio school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_technical_college" title="University technical college">University technical college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_school" title="Upper school">Upper school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">Tertiary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional school">Professional school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical school">Technical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_school" title="Vocational school">Vocational school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">Higher</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy" title="Academy">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College" title="College">College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">Community college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Graduate school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of technology">Institute of technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_college" title="Junior college">Junior college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_college" title="Liberal arts college">Liberal arts college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">Research university</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_college" title="Residential college">Residential college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University" title="University">University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_university" title="Collegiate university">Collegiate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_division_college" title="Upper division college">Upper division college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_university" title="Vocational university">Vocational university</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Combined</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-through_school" title="All-through school">All-through school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">Middle school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-room_school" title="One-room school">One-room school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch_school" title="Ranch school">Ranch school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By funding / eligibility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_(English_school)" title="Academy (English school)">Academy <small>(England)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_school" title="Charter school">Charter school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_day_school" title="Community day school">Community day school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">Comprehensive school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For-profit_education" title="For-profit education">For-profit education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_education" title="Free education">Free education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_school_(England)" title="Free school (England)">Free school <small>(England)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute" title="Institute">Institute</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Private school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Private schools in the United Kingdom">UK private school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preparatory_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Preparatory school (United Kingdom)">preparatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Public school (United Kingdom)">public</a></li></ul></li> <li>University <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_university" title="International university">international</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_school" title="Selective school">Selective school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_school" title="Separate school">Separate school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sink_school" title="Sink school">Sink school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialist_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Specialist schools in the United Kingdom">Specialist school <small>(United Kingdom)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">State or public school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-integrated_school" title="State-integrated school">State-integrated school <small>(New Zealand)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style / purpose</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_school" title="Alternative school">Alternative school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_education" title="Democratic education">Democratic education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchistic_free_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchistic free school">Anarchistic free school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_school" title="Sudbury school">Sudbury school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_school" title="International school">International school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_school" title="Magnet school">Magnet school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_school" title="Music school">Music school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-sex_education" title="Single-sex education">Single-sex education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialist_school" title="Specialist school">Specialist school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_school" title="Vocal school">Vocal school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_education" title="Progressive education">Progressive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_school_movement" title="Free school movement">Free school movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_high_school" title="Folk high school">Folk high school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_school" title="Laboratory school">Laboratory school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montessori_education" title="Montessori education">Montessori school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldorf_education" title="Waldorf education">Waldorf school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religious_school" title="Religious school">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_college" title="Bible college">Bible college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Catholic school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_school" title="Christian school">Christian school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_seminary" title="Female seminary">Female seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurukula" title="Gurukula">Gurukula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parochial_school" title="Parochial school">Parochial school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">Boarding school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_school" title="Day school">Day school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distance_education" title="Distance education">Distance education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_education" title="Prison education">Prison education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual school">Virtual school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By scope</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College-preparatory_school" title="College-preparatory school">College preparatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compensatory_education" title="Compensatory education">Compensatory education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">Compulsory education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuing_education" title="Continuing education">Continuing education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">Further education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gifted_education" title="Gifted education">Gifted education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclusive education">Inclusive education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remedial_education" title="Remedial education">Remedial education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_education" title="Special education">Special education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_higher-learning_institutions" title="Ancient higher-learning institutions">Ancient higher-learning institutions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_Academy" title="Platonic Academy">Platonic Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_(classical)" title="Lyceum (classical)">Lyceum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastic_school" title="Monastic school">Monastic school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_school" title="Cathedral school">Cathedral school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Medieval university</a></li> <li>Historical infant schools <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_infant_schools_in_Great_Britain" title="History of infant schools in Great Britain">Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_infant_schools_in_Ireland" title="History of infant schools in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_infant_schools_outside_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Spread of infant schools outside Britain and Ireland">Global</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Schools imposed on<br /><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous peoples</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_system" title="Canadian Indian residential school system">in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_schools" title="Native schools">in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Bantu_Education" title="Department of Bantu Education">in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_boarding_schools" title="American Indian boarding schools">in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Informal or illegal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hedge_school" title="Hedge school">in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krifo_scholio" title="Krifo scholio">in Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakombenschule" title="Katakombenschule">in South Tyrol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%E2%80%9312" title="K–12">K–12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_institution" title="Educational institution">Educational institution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/20px-School.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/40px-School.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="500" 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